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Homayouni R, Daugherty AM, Yu Q, Raz N, Ofen N. KIBRA single nucleotide polymorphism is associated with hippocampal subfield volumes and cognition across development. Brain Struct Funct 2024; 229:223-230. [PMID: 37853296 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-023-02716-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
The hippocampus (Hc) consists of cytoarchitectonically and functionally distinct subfields: dentate gyrus (DG), cornu ammonis (CA1-3), and subiculum. In adults, a single nucleotide polymorphism (rs17070145, C→ T) in KIBRA, a gene encoding the eponymous (KIdney-BRAin) protein, is associated with variability in Hc subfield volumes and episodic memory. T-allele carriers have larger DG and CA volumes and better episodic memory compared to C-homozygotes. Little is known, however, about KIBRA's role in the development of the brain and cognition. In a sample of children, adolescents, and young adults (N = 176, ages 5- 25 years), we replicated the adult association between KIBRA T-allele and larger DG and CA volumes but observed no relationship between KIBRA rs17070145 polymorphism and episodic memory. We noted, however, that a general cognitive performance index (IQ) differed across the allelic groups, with the lowest scores among T-homozygotes and the highest among C-homozygotes. Thus, in this developmental sample, KIBRA appears to have opposing effects on regional brain volume and cognition. These influences of KIBRA SNP may stem from associations between developmental reduction in brain volume and gains in cognitive performance-a hypothesis to be tested in longitudinal studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roya Homayouni
- Institute of Gerontology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
- Department of Psychology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Ana M Daugherty
- Institute of Gerontology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
- Department of Psychology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Qijing Yu
- Institute of Gerontology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Naftali Raz
- Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Noa Ofen
- Institute of Gerontology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA.
- Department of Psychology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA.
- Merrill Palmer Skillman Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA.
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Interaction of COMT and KIBRA modulates the association between hippocampal structure and episodic memory performance in healthy young adults. Behav Brain Res 2020; 384:112550. [PMID: 32057830 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2020.112550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Genetic variations of COMT and KIBRA, which were reported to be expressed in the hippocampus, have been linked to memory function. However, their interaction on the hippocampal structure remains unknown. This study aimed to explore the interaction effects of COMT rs4680 and KIBRA rs17070145 on the hippocampal subfield volumes and test their associations with hippocampus-memory relationship in 187 healthy young adults. Two-way analysis of covariance was applied to the alterations in hippocampal subfield volumes among COMT and KIBRA genotypes. Significant interaction effects of these two genes were found in the right CA1 and CA3 subfields. Among KIBRA C-allele carriers, COMT Val/Val homozygotes showed greater volume in these regions than COMT Met-allele carriers. Furthermore, the slope of the correlation between right CA1 volume and immediate recall on the California Verbal Learning Test-II (CVLT-II) (F = 4.36, p = 0.041) as well as CVLT-II delayed recall (F = 6.44, p = 0.014) were significantly different between COMT Val/Val homozygotes and Met-allele carriers, which were positive or tend to be positive in COMT Val/Val group (CVLT immediate recall, r = 0.319, p = 0.040; CVLT delayed recall, r = 0.304, p = 0.051), but absent in COMT Met-allele carriers (CVLT immediate recall, r = -0.263, p = 0.205; CVLT delayed recall, r = -0.351, p = 0.086). These findings may provide a novel insight into the genetic effects upon the hippocampal structure and suggest that the conjoint effects of COMT and KIBRA played a modulatory role in the hippocampus-episodic memory correlation.
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Mazzeo S, Bessi V, Padiglioni S, Bagnoli S, Bracco L, Sorbi S, Nacmias B. KIBRA T allele influences memory performance and progression of cognitive decline: a 7-year follow-up study in subjective cognitive decline and mild cognitive impairment. Neurol Sci 2019; 40:1559-1566. [PMID: 30953258 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-019-03866-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
KIBRA is a signal transducer protein, mainly expressed in the kidney and brain. A single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP rs17070145, T → C exchange) has been linked to different cognitive function. In 2008, we studied 70 subjects who complained of subjective cognitive decline (SCD) and found that CT/TT carriers performed worse than CC carriers on a long-term memory test. We followed up the 70 SCD subjects and also 31 subjects affected by mild cognitive impairment (MCI) for a mean follow-up time of 7 years, during which 16 SCD subjects progressed to MCI and 14 MCI subjects progressed to Alzheimer's disease (AD). Carrying the T allele was associated with MCI and with a two times-higher risk of developing MCI than CC carriers. In the SCD sample, CT/TT carriers showed a greater worsening on Rivermead Behavioral Memory Test (RBMT) compared to CC carriers. In the MCI sample, CT/TT carriers performed worse than CC carriers on RBMT. There is a lack of consensus on the effect of KIBRA gene variants on cognitive performances in episodic memory and on the risk of AD. Our results confirm a role of T allele on progression of cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Mazzeo
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Valentina Bessi
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Sonia Padiglioni
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Silvia Bagnoli
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Laura Bracco
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Sandro Sorbi
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.,IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi, Florence, Italy
| | - Benedetta Nacmias
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
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4
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Wang D, Hu L, Xu X, Ma X, Li Y, Liu Y, Wang Q, Zhuo C. KIBRA and APOE Gene Variants Affect Brain Functional Network Connectivity in Healthy Older People. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2019; 74:1725-1733. [PMID: 30715155 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glz004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Genetic factors play a critical role in the development of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Kidney and brain expressed protein (KIBRA) and apolipoprotein E (APOE) are involved in episodic memory performance and AD. However, the interactions between KIBRA and APOE on brain functional network connectivity (FNC) remain unknown in healthy older people. Using independent component analysis, we systematically investigated additive and epistatic interactions of KIBRA rs1707045 and APOE on FNC in 170 healthy older Chinese people of Han ethnicity. We found significant additive KIBRA–APOE interactions on brain FNC in the right medial prefrontal cortex, the posterior cingulate cortex in the default-mode network, and the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex in the salience network. We also found significant epistatic KIBRA–APOE interactions on brain FNC in the left superior frontal gyrus and left angular gyrus in default-mode network. No significant KIBRA–APOE interactions were detected in other brain resting-state networks. These findings suggest that healthy older people have additive and epistatic interactions of KIBRA and APOE gene variants, which modulate brain FNC and may partly elucidate their association with episodic memory performance and AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawei Wang
- Department of Radiology, Qilu Hospital of Shangdong University, China
| | - Li Hu
- Department of Radiology, Qilu Hospital of Shangdong University, China
| | - Xinghua Xu
- Department of Radiology, Qilu Hospital of Shangdong University, China
| | - Xiangxing Ma
- Department of Radiology, Qilu Hospital of Shangdong University, China
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Neurology, Qilu Hospital of Shangdong University, China
| | - Yong Liu
- Brainnetome Center, National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qing Wang
- Department of Radiology, Qilu Hospital of Shangdong University, China
| | - Chuanjun Zhuo
- Department of Psychiatric-Neuroimaging-Genetics and Comorbidity Laboratory (PNGC-Lab), Tianjin Anding Hospital, China
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Alfimova MV, Kondratiev NV, Golimbet VE. [Results and promises of genetics of cognitive impairment in schizophrenia: molecular-genetic approaches]. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2018. [PMID: 28635752 DOI: 10.17116/jnevro2016116111137-144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
This review highlights the basic paradigms and directions of molecular genetic studies of cognitive deficits in schizophrenia. Along with the traditional approach based on functional candidate genes, it covers genome-wide association studies (GWAS) for cognition in general population and schizophrenic patients, attempts to integrate GWAS results in polygenic profiles that can be used in personalized care of schizophrenic patients, and a search for biological pathways implicated in the development of cognitive impairments with bioinformatics methods. However, despite significant advances in understanding the genetic basis of the disease and a rapidly growing amount of data on genes associated with cognitive functions, most of the variability of cognitive impairments in patients remains unexplained. The data on the functional complexity of the genome accumulated in the fields of molecular biology and genetics underscore the importance of studying epigenetic mechanisms of cognitive deficits in schizophrenia.
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Feng J, Dong L, Zhang J, Han X, Tang S, Song L, Cong L, Wang X, Wang Y, Du Y. Unique expression pattern of KIBRA in the enteric nervous system of APP/PS1 mice. Neurosci Lett 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2018.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Zlomuzica A, Preusser F, Roberts S, Woud ML, Lester KJ, Dere E, Eley TC, Margraf J. The role of KIBRA in reconstructive episodic memory. Mol Med 2018; 24:7. [PMID: 30134813 PMCID: PMC6016870 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-018-0007-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In order to retrieve episodic past events, the missing information needs to be reconstructed using information stored in semantic memory. Failures in these reconstructive processes are expressed as false memories. KIBRA single nucleotide polymorphism (rs17070145) has been linked to episodic memory performance as well as an increased risk of Alzheimer's disease and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). METHODS Here, the role of KIBRA rs17070145 polymorphism (male and female CC vs. CT/TT carriers) in reconstructive episodic memory in the Deese-Roediger-McDermott (DRM) paradigm was investigated in N = 219 healthy individuals. RESULTS Female participants outperformed males in the free recall condition. Furthermore, a trend towards a gender x genotype interaction was found for false recognition rates. Female CT/TT carriers exhibited a lower proportion of false recognition rates for associated critical lures as compared to male CT/TT. Additionally, an association between KIBRA rs17070145 genotype, familiarity and recollection based recognition performance was found. In trials with correct recognition of listed items CT/TT carriers showed more "remember", but fewer "know" responses as compared to CC carriers. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that the T-allele of KIBRA rs17070145 supports recollection based episodic memory retrieval and contributes to memory accuracy in a gender dependent manner. Findings are discussed in the context of the specific contribution of KIBRA related SNPs to reconstructive episodic memory and its implications for cognitive and emotional symptoms in dementia and PTSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armin Zlomuzica
- Mental Health Research and Treatment Center, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 150, 44780, Bochum, Germany.
| | - Friederike Preusser
- Mental Health Research and Treatment Center, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 150, 44780, Bochum, Germany
| | - Susanna Roberts
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Marcella L Woud
- Mental Health Research and Treatment Center, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 150, 44780, Bochum, Germany
| | - Kathryn J Lester
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, King's College London, London, UK
- School of Psychology, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK
| | - Ekrem Dere
- Teaching and Research Unit. Life Sciences (UFR927), University Pierre and Marie Curie, Paris, France
- Clinical Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Thalia C Eley
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Jürgen Margraf
- Mental Health Research and Treatment Center, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 150, 44780, Bochum, Germany
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Porter T, Burnham SC, Doré V, Savage G, Bourgeat P, Begemann K, Milicic L, Ames D, Bush AI, Maruff P, Masters CL, Rowe CC, Rainey-Smith S, Martins RN, Groth D, Verdile G, Villemagne VL, Laws SM. KIBRA is associated with accelerated cognitive decline and hippocampal atrophy in APOE ε4-positive cognitively normal adults with high Aβ-amyloid burden. Sci Rep 2018; 8:2034. [PMID: 29391469 PMCID: PMC5794989 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-20513-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
A single nucleotide polymorphism, rs17070145, in the KIdney and BRAin expressed protein (KIBRA) gene has been associated with cognition and hippocampal volume in cognitively normal (CN) individuals. However, the impact of rs17070145 on longitudinal cognitive decline and hippocampal atrophy in CN adults at greatest risk of developing Alzheimer's disease is unknown. We investigated the impact rs17070145 has on the rate of cognitive decline and hippocampal atrophy over six years in 602 CN adults, with known brain Aβ-amyloid levels and whether there is an interactive effect with APOE genotype. We reveal that whilst limited independent effects of KIBRA genotype were observed, there was an interaction with APOE in CN adults who presented with high Aβ-amyloid levels across study duration. In comparison to APOE ε4-ve individuals carrying the rs17070145-T allele, significantly faster rates of cognitive decline (global, p = 0.006; verbal episodic memory, p = 0.004), and hippocampal atrophy (p = 0.04) were observed in individuals who were APOE ε4 + ve and did not carry the rs17070145-T allele. The observation of APOE effects in only non-carriers of the rs17070145-T allele, in the presence of high Aβ-amyloid suggest that carriers of the rs17070145-T allele are conferred a level of resilience to the detrimental effects of high Aβ-amyloid and APOE ε4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tenielle Porter
- Collaborative Genomics Group, Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer's Disease Research and Care, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, 6027, Western Australia, Australia.,Co-operative Research Centre for Mental Health, Carlton South, 3053 Victoria, Australia
| | - Samantha C Burnham
- CSIRO Health and Biosecurity, Parkville, 3052, Victoria, Australia.,Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer's Disease Research and Care, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, 6027, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Vincent Doré
- eHealth, CSIRO Health and Biosecurity, Herston, 4029, QLD, Australia.,Department of Nuclear Medicine and Centre for PET, Austin Health, Heidelberg, 3084, Victoria, Australia
| | - Greg Savage
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Cognition and its Disorders, Department of Psychology, Macquarie University, North Ryde, 2113, NSW, Australia
| | - Pierrick Bourgeat
- eHealth, CSIRO Health and Biosecurity, Herston, 4029, QLD, Australia
| | - Kimberly Begemann
- Collaborative Genomics Group, Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer's Disease Research and Care, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, 6027, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Lidija Milicic
- Collaborative Genomics Group, Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer's Disease Research and Care, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, 6027, Western Australia, Australia
| | - David Ames
- Academic Unit for Psychiatry of Old Age, St. Vincent's Health, The University of Melbourne, Kew, 3101, Victoria, Australia.,National Ageing Research Institute, Parkville, 3052, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ashley I Bush
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, 3052, Victoria, Australia
| | - Paul Maruff
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, 3052, Victoria, Australia.,CogState Ltd., Melbourne, 3000, Victoria, Australia
| | - Colin L Masters
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, 3052, Victoria, Australia
| | - Christopher C Rowe
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Centre for PET, Austin Health, Heidelberg, 3084, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medicine, Austin Health, The University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, 3084, Victoria, Australia
| | - Stephanie Rainey-Smith
- Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer's Disease Research and Care, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, 6027, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Ralph N Martins
- Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer's Disease Research and Care, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, 6027, Western Australia, Australia.,School of Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, 6009, Western Australia, Australia
| | - David Groth
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley, 6102, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Giuseppe Verdile
- Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer's Disease Research and Care, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, 6027, Western Australia, Australia.,School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley, 6102, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Victor L Villemagne
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Centre for PET, Austin Health, Heidelberg, 3084, Victoria, Australia.,The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, 3052, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medicine, Austin Health, The University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, 3084, Victoria, Australia
| | - Simon M Laws
- Collaborative Genomics Group, Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer's Disease Research and Care, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, 6027, Western Australia, Australia. .,Co-operative Research Centre for Mental Health, Carlton South, 3053 Victoria, Australia. .,School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley, 6102, Western Australia, Australia.
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9
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Stickel A, Kawa K, Walther K, Glisky E, Richholt R, Huentelman M, Ryan L. Age-Modulated Associations between KIBRA, Brain Volume, and Verbal Memory among Healthy Older Adults. Front Aging Neurosci 2018; 9:431. [PMID: 29375362 PMCID: PMC5767716 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2017.00431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The resource modulation hypothesis suggests that the influence of genes on cognitive functioning increases with age. The KIBRA single nucleotide polymorphism rs17070145, associated with episodic memory and working memory, has been suggested to follow such a pattern, but few studies have tested this assertion directly. The present study investigated the relationship between KIBRA alleles (T carriers vs. CC homozygotes), cognitive performance, and brain volumes in three groups of cognitively healthy adults-middle aged (ages 52-64, n = 38), young old (ages 65-72, n = 45), and older old (ages 73-92, n = 62)-who were carefully matched on potentially confounding variables including apolipoprotein ε4 status and hypertension. Consistent with our prediction, T carriers maintained verbal memory performance with increasing age while CC homozygotes declined. Voxel-based morphometric analysis of magnetic resonance images showed an advantage for T carriers in frontal white matter volume that increased with age. Focusing on the older old group, this advantage for T carriers was also evident in left lingual gyrus gray matter and several additional frontal white matter regions. Contrary to expectations, neither KIBRA nor the interaction between KIBRA and age predicted hippocampal volumes. None of the brain regions investigated showed a CC homozygote advantage. Taken together, these data suggest that KIBRA results in decreased verbal memory performance and lower brain volumes in CC homozygotes compared to T carriers, particularly among the oldest old, consistent with the resource modulation hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariana Stickel
- Cognition and Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Kevin Kawa
- Cognition and Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Katrin Walther
- Epilepsy Center Erlangen, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Elizabeth Glisky
- Aging and Cognition Laboratory, Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Ryan Richholt
- Neurogenomics Division, The Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | - Matt Huentelman
- Neurogenomics Division, The Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | - Lee Ryan
- Cognition and Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
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Hu L, Xu Q, Li J, Wang F, Xu X, Sun Z, Ma X, Liu Y, Wang Q, Wang D. No differences in brain microstructure between young KIBRA-C carriers and non-carriers. Oncotarget 2018; 9:1200-1209. [PMID: 29416687 PMCID: PMC5787430 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.23348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
KIBRA rs17070145 polymorphism is associated with variations in memory function and the microstructure of related brain areas. Diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI) as an extension of diffusion tensor imaging that can provide more information about changes in microstructure, based on the idea that water diffusion in biological tissues is heterogeneous due to structural hindrance and restriction. We used DKI to explore the relationship between KIBRA gene polymorphism and brain microstructure in young adults. We recruited 100 healthy young volunteers, including 53 TT carriers and 47 C allele carriers. No differences were detected between the TT homozygotes and C-allele carriers for any diffusion and kurtosis parameter. These results indicate KIBRA rs17070145 polymorphism likely has little or no effect on brain microstructure in young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Hu
- Department of Radiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Qunxing Xu
- Medical Examination Center, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Jizhen Li
- Mental Health Center of Shandong Province, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Feifei Wang
- Department of Radiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Xinghua Xu
- Department of Radiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Zhiyuan Sun
- Department of Radiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Xiangxing Ma
- Department of Radiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Yong Liu
- Brainnetome Center, National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Qing Wang
- Department of Radiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Dawei Wang
- Department of Radiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
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11
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Stepan J, Anderzhanova E, Gassen NC. Hippo Signaling: Emerging Pathway in Stress-Related Psychiatric Disorders? Front Psychiatry 2018; 9:715. [PMID: 30627107 PMCID: PMC6309125 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Discovery of the Hippo pathway and its core components has made a significant impact on our progress in the understanding of organ development, tissue homeostasis, and regeneration. Upon diverse extracellular and intracellular stimuli, Hippo signaling regulates stemness, cell proliferation and apoptosis by a well-conserved signaling cascade, and disruption of these systems has been implicated in cancer as well as metabolic and neurodegenerative diseases. The central role of Hippo signaling in cell biology also results in prominent links to stress-regulated pathways. Genetic variations, epigenetically provoked upregulation of Hippo pathway members and dysregulation of cellular processes implicated in learning and memory, are linked to an increased risk of stress-related psychiatric disorders (SRPDs). In this review, we summarize recent findings, supporting the role of Hippo signaling in SRPDs by canonical and non-canonical Hippo pathway interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Stepan
- Department Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Elmira Anderzhanova
- Clinic and Polyclinic of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Bonn University Clinic, Bonn, Germany
| | - Nils C Gassen
- Clinic and Polyclinic of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Bonn University Clinic, Bonn, Germany
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12
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Bearden CE, Glahn DC. Cognitive genomics: Searching for the genetic roots of neuropsychological functioning. Neuropsychology 2017; 31:1003-1019. [PMID: 29376674 PMCID: PMC5791763 DOI: 10.1037/neu0000412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Human cognition has long been known to be under substantial genetic control. With the complete mapping of the human genome, genome-wide association studies for many complex traits have proliferated; however, the highly polygenic nature of intelligence has made the identification of the precise genes that influence both global and specific cognitive abilities more difficult than anticipated. METHOD Here, we review the latest developments in the genomics of cognition, including a discussion of methodological advances in the genetic analysis of complex traits, and shared genetic contributions to cognitive abilities and neuropsychiatric disorders. RESULTS A wealth of twin and family studies have provided compelling evidence for a strong heritable component of both global and specific cognitive abilities, and for the existence of "generalist genes" responsible for a large portion of the variance in diverse cognitive abilities. Increasingly sophisticated analytic tools and ever-larger sample sizes are now facilitating the identification of specific genetic and molecular underpinnings of cognitive abilities, leading to optimism regarding possibilities for novel treatments for illnesses related to cognitive function. CONCLUSIONS We conclude with a set of future directions for the field, which will further accelerate discoveries regarding the biological pathways relevant to cognitive abilities. These, in turn, may be further interrogated in order to link biological mechanisms to behavior. (PsycINFO Database Record
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Affiliation(s)
- Carrie E Bearden
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California at Los Angeles
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Zai G, Robbins TW, Sahakian BJ, Kennedy JL. A review of molecular genetic studies of neurocognitive deficits in schizophrenia. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2017; 72:50-67. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Revised: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Witte AV, Köbe T, Kerti L, Rujescu D, Flöel A. Impact of KIBRA Polymorphism on Memory Function and the Hippocampus in Older Adults. Neuropsychopharmacology 2016; 41:781-90. [PMID: 26156558 PMCID: PMC4707824 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2015.203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Revised: 05/08/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The single nucleotide polymorphism rs17070145 within the KIBRA gene (kidney and brain expressed protein) has been associated with variations in memory functions and related brain areas. However, previous studies yielded conflicting results, which might be due to divergent sample characteristics or task-specific effects. Therefore, we aimed to determine the impact of KIBRA genotype on learning and memory formation, and volume, microstructural integrity and functional connectivity (FC) of the hippocampus and its subfields in a well-characterized cohort of healthy older adults. One-hundred and forty subjects (72 women, age 50-80) were KIBRA genotyped and memory was tested using the Auditory Verbal Learning Task. Also, subjects underwent structural and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging at 3T. Subfields were delineated using automated segmentation (FreeSurfer software). Microstructural integrity was measured using mean diffusivity (MD) derived from diffusion tensor images. Seed-based analyses were used to assess FC patterns of the hippocampus. KIBRA T-allele carriers showed a trend for better memory performance, and in the hippocampus significantly higher volumes and partly lower MD, indicative for better microstructure, compared with non-T-allele carriers in the cornu ammonis (CA)2/3 and CA4/dentate gyrus subfields (all P⩽0.008, Bonferroni corrected). Also, T-allele carriers exhibited lower FC of the left hippocampus with areas outside the synchronized HC network. In sum, we could show for the first time that older T-allele carriers exhibited larger volumes and better microstructure within those hippocampus subfields that are implicated in long-term potentiation and neurogenesis, key features of memory processes. Moreover, T-allele carriers showed a more selective FC network of the hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Veronica Witte
- Department of Neurology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, CCM, Berlin, Germany,NeuroCure Cluster of Excellence, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany,Department of Neurology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, CCM, Charitéplatz 1, Berlin 10117, Germany, Tel: + 49 30 450 560 185, Fax: + 49 30 450 756 0140, E-mail:
| | - Theresa Köbe
- Department of Neurology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, CCM, Berlin, Germany,NeuroCure Cluster of Excellence, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lucia Kerti
- Department of Neurology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, CCM, Berlin, Germany,NeuroCure Cluster of Excellence, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dan Rujescu
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Psychiatrie, Psychotherapie und Psychosomatik, Universitätsklinikum Halle (Saale), Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Agnes Flöel
- Department of Neurology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, CCM, Berlin, Germany,NeuroCure Cluster of Excellence, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany,Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Boraxbekk CJ, Ames D, Kochan NA, Lee T, Thalamuthu A, Wen W, Armstrong NJ, Kwok JBJ, Schofield PR, Reppermund S, Wright MJ, Trollor JN, Brodaty H, Sachdev P, Mather KA. Investigating the influence of KIBRA and CLSTN2 genetic polymorphisms on cross-sectional and longitudinal measures of memory performance and hippocampal volume in older individuals. Neuropsychologia 2015; 78:10-7. [PMID: 26415670 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2015.09.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2015] [Revised: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 09/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The variability of episodic memory decline and hippocampal atrophy observed with increasing age may partly be explained by genetic factors. KIBRA (kidney and brain expressed protein) and CLSTN2 (calsyntenin 2) are two candidate genes previously linked to episodic memory performance and volume of the hippocampus, a key memory structure. However, whether polymorphisms in these two genes also influence age-related longitudinal memory decline and hippocampal atrophy is still unknown. Using data from two independent cohorts, the Sydney Memory and Ageing Study and the Older Australian Twins Study, we investigated whether the KIBRA and CLSTN2 genetic polymorphisms (rs17070145 and rs6439886) are associated with episodic memory performance and hippocampal volume in older adults (65-90 years at baseline). We were able to examine these polymorphisms in relation to memory and hippocampal volume using cross-sectional data and, more importantly, also using longitudinal data (2 years between testing occasions). Overall we did not find support for an association of KIBRA either alone or in combination with CLSTN2 with memory performance or hippocampal volume, nor did variation in these genes influence longitudinal memory decline or hippocampal atrophy in two cohorts of older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- C J Boraxbekk
- CEDAR, Center for Demographic and Aging Research, Umeå University, S-901 87 Umeå, Sweden; UFBI, Umeå centre for Functional Brain Imaging, Umeå University, Sweden.
| | - David Ames
- National Ageing Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nicole A Kochan
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Neuropsychiatric Institute, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - Teresa Lee
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Neuropsychiatric Institute, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Wei Wen
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Nicola J Armstrong
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Mathematics and Statistics, Murdoch University, WA, Australia
| | - John B J Kwok
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia; School of Medical Sciences, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Peter R Schofield
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia; School of Medical Sciences, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Simone Reppermund
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Department of Developmental Disability Neuropsychiatry, UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Julian N Trollor
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Department of Developmental Disability Neuropsychiatry, UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Henry Brodaty
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Dementia Collaborative Research Centre, UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Perminder Sachdev
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Neuropsychiatric Institute, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - Karen A Mather
- National Ageing Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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Papassotiropoulos A, de Quervain DJF. Genetics of human memory functions in healthy cohorts. Curr Opin Behav Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cobeha.2015.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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17
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Saykin AJ, Shen L, Yao X, Kim S, Nho K, Risacher SL, Ramanan VK, Foroud TM, Faber KM, Sarwar N, Munsie LM, Hu X, Soares HD, Potkin SG, Thompson PM, Kauwe JSK, Kaddurah-Daouk R, Green RC, Toga AW, Weiner MW. Genetic studies of quantitative MCI and AD phenotypes in ADNI: Progress, opportunities, and plans. Alzheimers Dement 2015; 11:792-814. [PMID: 26194313 PMCID: PMC4510473 DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2015.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Revised: 05/08/2015] [Accepted: 05/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Genetic data from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) have been crucial in advancing the understanding of Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathophysiology. Here, we provide an update on sample collection, scientific progress and opportunities, conceptual issues, and future plans. METHODS Lymphoblastoid cell lines and DNA and RNA samples from blood have been collected and banked, and data and biosamples have been widely disseminated. To date, APOE genotyping, genome-wide association study (GWAS), and whole exome and whole genome sequencing data have been obtained and disseminated. RESULTS ADNI genetic data have been downloaded thousands of times, and >300 publications have resulted, including reports of large-scale GWAS by consortia to which ADNI contributed. Many of the first applications of quantitative endophenotype association studies used ADNI data, including some of the earliest GWAS and pathway-based studies of biospecimen and imaging biomarkers, as well as memory and other clinical/cognitive variables. Other contributions include some of the first whole exome and whole genome sequencing data sets and reports in healthy controls, mild cognitive impairment, and AD. DISCUSSION Numerous genetic susceptibility and protective markers for AD and disease biomarkers have been identified and replicated using ADNI data and have heavily implicated immune, mitochondrial, cell cycle/fate, and other biological processes. Early sequencing studies suggest that rare and structural variants are likely to account for significant additional phenotypic variation. Longitudinal analyses of transcriptomic, proteomic, metabolomic, and epigenomic changes will also further elucidate dynamic processes underlying preclinical and prodromal stages of disease. Integration of this unique collection of multiomics data within a systems biology framework will help to separate truly informative markers of early disease mechanisms and potential novel therapeutic targets from the vast background of less relevant biological processes. Fortunately, a broad swath of the scientific community has accepted this grand challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Saykin
- Center for Neuroimaging, Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Indiana Alzheimer Disease Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
| | - Li Shen
- Center for Neuroimaging, Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Indiana Alzheimer Disease Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Xiaohui Yao
- Center for Neuroimaging, Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; School of Informatics and Computing, Indiana University, Purdue University - Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Sungeun Kim
- Center for Neuroimaging, Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Indiana Alzheimer Disease Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Kwangsik Nho
- Center for Neuroimaging, Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Indiana Alzheimer Disease Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Shannon L Risacher
- Center for Neuroimaging, Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Indiana Alzheimer Disease Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Vijay K Ramanan
- Center for Neuroimaging, Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Indiana Alzheimer Disease Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Tatiana M Foroud
- Indiana Alzheimer Disease Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Kelley M Faber
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | | | | | - Xiaolan Hu
- Bristol-Myers Squibb, Wallingford, CT, USA
| | | | - Steven G Potkin
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California - Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Paul M Thompson
- Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA, USA; Imaging Genetics Center, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA, USA
| | - John S K Kauwe
- Department of Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
| | - Rima Kaddurah-Daouk
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; Duke Institute for Brain Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Robert C Green
- Partners Center for Personalized Genetic Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Arthur W Toga
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging, Institute for Neuroimaging and Neuroinformatics, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Michael W Weiner
- Department of Radiology, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Medicine, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Center for Imaging of Neurodegenerative Diseases, San Francisco VA Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
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Genetic Association Between KIBRA Polymorphism and Alzheimer's Disease with in a Japanese Population. Neuromolecular Med 2015; 17:170-7. [PMID: 25800888 DOI: 10.1007/s12017-015-8348-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 03/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
KIBRA plays an important role in synaptic plasticity in human hippocampus related to cognitive function. Functional studies suggest that KIBRA is a potential candidate gene for memory and Alzheimer's disease (AD) risk. A single nucleotide polymorphism, Rs17070145 C allele affects the onset of AD in an age-dependent manner comparing with T/T genotypes and is also associated with risk of substance abuse and relapse. The aim of this case-control study was to investigate whether the rs17070145 polymorphism affected the onset of AD in an age-dependent manner in a Japanese population. We analysed KIBRA and APOE genotypes in 237 young AD cases, 154 age-matched control cases and 160 old AD cases. The analyses were performed by stratifying alcohol consumption and the APOE status. We used single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) to analyse patients with AD with the rs17070145 polymorphism. The genotypic and allelic frequencies of the young AD group differed significantly from those of control and old AD groups. There was a significant association among high alcohol consumption (HAC-AD group) and the genotypic and allelic frequencies of the rs17070145 polymorphism. Logistic regression analyses demonstrate synergism between the APOE genotype and the rs17070145 C allele to increase the risk of AD in the young group; this was confirmed in the HAC-AD group. The SPECT study revealed hyperperfusion in the C allele carrier group was detected in the right inferior frontal gyrus compared with the T/T group. KIBRA rs17070145 affects specific phenotypes of patients with AD.
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19
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Bailey HR, Sargent JQ, Flores S, Nowotny P, Goate A, Zacks JM. APOE ε4 genotype predicts memory for everyday activities. NEUROPSYCHOLOGY, DEVELOPMENT, AND COGNITION. SECTION B, AGING, NEUROPSYCHOLOGY AND COGNITION 2015; 22:639-66. [PMID: 25754878 PMCID: PMC4537694 DOI: 10.1080/13825585.2015.1020916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The apolipoprotein E (ApOE) ε4 allele is associated with neuropathological buildup of amyloid in the brain, and with lower performance on some laboratory measures of memory in some populations. In two studies, we tested whether ApOE genotype affects memory for everyday activities. In Study 1, participants aged 20-79 years old (n = 188) watched movies of actors engaged in daily activities and completed memory tests for the activities in the movies. In Study 2, cognitively healthy and demented older adults (n = 97) watched and remembered similar movies, and also underwent structural MRI scanning. All participants provided saliva samples for genetic analysis. In both samples we found that, in older adults, ApOE ε4 carriers demonstrated worse everyday memory performance than did ε4 noncarriers. In Study 2, ApOE ε4 carriers had smaller medial temporal lobes (MTL) volumes, and MTL volume mediated the relationship between ApOE genotype and everyday memory performance. These everyday memory tasks measure genetically determined cognitive decline that can occur prior to a clinical diagnosis of dementia. Further, these tasks are easily administered and may be a useful clinical tool in identifying ε4 carriers who may be at risk for MTL atrophy and further cognitive decline that is a common characteristic of the earliest stages of Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather R Bailey
- a Department of Psychology , Washington University , St. Louis , MO , USA
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20
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Vyas NS, Ahn K, Stahl DR, Caviston P, Simic M, Netherwood S, Puri BK, Lee Y, Aitchison KJ. Association of KIBRA rs17070145 polymorphism with episodic memory in the early stages of a human neurodevelopmental disorder. Psychiatry Res 2014; 220:37-43. [PMID: 25146696 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2014.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2013] [Revised: 07/09/2014] [Accepted: 07/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A common T/C polymorphism within the ninth intron of the KIBRA gene (rs17070145) is thought to influence memory in humans. Since cognitive impairment, including memory, is a core feature of schizophrenia, we attempted to investigate this association in an independent sample of adolescent patients with early-onset schizophrenia (EOS; onset before age 18) probands and their healthy siblings. In a sample of 25 pairs of EOS proband-healthy full sibling, we sought to investigate the association of KIBRA with memory performance. Episodic memory was measured using immediate and delayed recall measures of the California Verbal Learning Test. EOS underperformed at immediate and delayed recall compared with siblings. In a combined analysis (TT vs. TC/CC) assuming a C dominant model of inheritance, we found a main effect of genotype where individuals with TT genotype outperformed non-TT-carriers at immediate and delayed recall. A genotype by group interaction showed that EOS with TT genotype did not show a memory advantage over siblings with TT or non-TT-carriers at immediate or delayed recall. Siblings with TT genotype showed enhanced immediate recall (not delayed recall) compared with non-TT-carriers. This study demonstrates an association between the KIBRA gene and episodic memory (immediate free recall) and suggests a differential effect of this genetic variant in EOS and healthy siblings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora S Vyas
- Kingston University London, Department of Psychology, Kingston, Surrey KT1 2EE, UK; National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Mental Health, Child Psychiatry Branch, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892-1600, USA; Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, MRC SGDP Centre, SE5 8AF, UK.
| | - Kwangmi Ahn
- National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Mental Health, Child Psychiatry Branch, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892-1600, USA
| | - Daniel R Stahl
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health and Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, Department of Biostatistics, SE5 8AF, London, UK
| | - Paul Caviston
- North East London NHS Foundation Trust, Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services, Essex IG38XQ, UK
| | - Mima Simic
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, CAMHS National and Specialist Services, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Siobhan Netherwood
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, Croydon, CAMHS, CR0 1QG, UK
| | - Basant K Puri
- Imperial College London, Department of Medicine, Du Cane Road, W12 OHS, UK
| | - Yohan Lee
- Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, MRC SGDP Centre, SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Katherine J Aitchison
- Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, MRC SGDP Centre, SE5 8AF, UK; University of Alberta, Department of Psychiatry and Medical Genetics, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2E1, Canada
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Franks KH, Summers MJ, Vickers JC. KIBRA gene polymorphism has no association with verbal or visual episodic memory performance. Front Aging Neurosci 2014; 6:270. [PMID: 25339899 PMCID: PMC4189412 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2014.00270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2014] [Accepted: 09/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Inter-individual variability in memory performance has been suggested to result, in part, from genetic differences in the coding of proteins involved in long-term potentiation (LTP). The present study examined the effect of a single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the KIBRA gene (rs17070145) on episodic memory performance, using multiple measures of verbal and visual episodic memory. A total of 256 female and 130 male healthy, older adults (mean age = 60.86 years) were recruited from the Tasmanian Healthy Brain Project (THBP), undergoing both neuropsychological and genetic testing. The current study showed no significant effect of the KIBRA polymorphism on performance on the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Task, Logical Memory test, Paired Associates Learning test or Rey Complex Figure Task. The results suggest there is little to no functional significance of KIBRA genotype on episodic memory performance, regardless of modality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine H Franks
- Wicking Dementia Research and Education Centre, Faculty of Health, University of Tasmania Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Mathew J Summers
- Wicking Dementia Research and Education Centre, Faculty of Health, University of Tasmania Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - James C Vickers
- Wicking Dementia Research and Education Centre, Faculty of Health, University of Tasmania Hobart, TAS, Australia
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Pantzar A, Laukka EJ, Atti AR, Papenberg G, Keller L, Graff C, Fratiglioni L, Bäckman L. Interactive effects of KIBRA and CLSTN2 polymorphisms on episodic memory in old-age unipolar depression. Neuropsychologia 2014; 62:137-42. [PMID: 25080189 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2014.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2014] [Revised: 07/16/2014] [Accepted: 07/18/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The KIBRA (rs17070145) C-allele and the CLSTN2 (rs6439886) T-allele have both been associated with poorer episodic memory performance. Given that episodic memory is affected in depression, we hypothesized that the combination of these risk alleles would be particularly detrimental to episodic memory performance in depressed persons. In the population-based SNAC-K study, 2170 participants (≥ 60 years) without dementia (DSM-IV criteria) and antidepressant pharmacotherapy were clinically examined and diagnosed following ICD-10 criteria for unipolar depression, and genotyped for KIBRA and CLSTN2. Participants were categorized according to unipolar depression status (yes, no) and genotype combinations (KIBRA: CC, any T; CLSTN2: TT, any C). Critically, a three-way interaction effect showed that the CC/TT genotype combination was associated with poorer episodic recall and recognition performance only in depressed elderly persons, with depressed CC/TT carriers consistently performing at the lowest level. This finding supports the view that effects of genetic polymorphisms on cognitive functioning may be most easily disclosed at suboptimal levels of cognitive ability, such as in old-age depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Pantzar
- Aging Research Center, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University, Gävlegatan 16, 113 30 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Erika J Laukka
- Aging Research Center, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University, Gävlegatan 16, 113 30 Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Goran Papenberg
- Aging Research Center, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University, Gävlegatan 16, 113 30 Stockholm, Sweden; Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lina Keller
- Aging Research Center, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University, Gävlegatan 16, 113 30 Stockholm, Sweden; Karolinska Institutet, Department NVS, KI-Alzheimer Disease Research Center, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Caroline Graff
- Karolinska Institutet, Department NVS, KI-Alzheimer Disease Research Center, Stockholm, Sweden; Karolinska University Hospital, Department of Geriatric Medicine, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Laura Fratiglioni
- Aging Research Center, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University, Gävlegatan 16, 113 30 Stockholm, Sweden; Stockholm Gerontology Research Center, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lars Bäckman
- Aging Research Center, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University, Gävlegatan 16, 113 30 Stockholm, Sweden; Stockholm Gerontology Research Center, Stockholm, Sweden
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Schwab LC, Luo V, Clarke CL, Nathan PJ. Effects of the KIBRA Single Nucleotide Polymorphism on Synaptic Plasticity and Memory: A Review of the Literature. Curr Neuropharmacol 2014; 12:281-8. [PMID: 24851092 PMCID: PMC4023458 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x11666140104001553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2013] [Revised: 11/19/2013] [Accepted: 01/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
There has been a great deal
of interest recently in genetic effects on neurocognitive performance in the
healthy population. KIBRA –a postsynaptic protein from the WWC family of
proteins– was identified in 2003 in the human brain and kidney and has recently
been associated with memory performance and synaptic plasticity. Through
genome-wide screening, a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) was detected in
the ninth intron of KIBRA gene (T→ C substitution) and was implicated in human
memory and the underlying neuronal circuitry. This review presents a synopsis of
the current findings on the effects of the KIBRA SNP on human memory and
synaptic plasticity. Overall the findings suggest impaired memory performance
and less efficient or impaired hippocampal/medial temporal lobe (MTL) activation
in CC homozygotes (in comparison to T carriers) with some differences between
young and older subjects. This review also highlights limitations and potential
sources for variability of studies’ imaging findings along with future
perspectives and implications for the role of KIBRA in memory-related brain
systems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vincent Luo
- Clinical Unit Cambridge, GlaxoSmithKline, UK
| | | | - Pradeep J Nathan
- Brain Mapping Unit, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, UK; ; School of Psychology and Psychiatry, Monash University, Australia; ; Neuroscience Discovery Medicine, UCB Pharma, Belgium
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WWC1 genotype modulates age-related decline in episodic memory function across the adult life span. Biol Psychiatry 2014; 75:693-700. [PMID: 24290728 PMCID: PMC3989426 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2013.09.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2013] [Revised: 09/06/2013] [Accepted: 09/30/2013] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Episodic memory (EM) declines with age and the rate of decline is variable across individuals. A single nucleotide polymorphism (rs17070145) in the WWC1 gene that encodes the KIBRA protein critical for long-term potentiation and memory consolidation has previously been associated with EM performance, as well as differences in hippocampal engagement during EM tasks using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). In the current study, we explore the effect of this polymorphism on EM-related activity and cognitive performance across the adult life span using fMRI. METHODS Two hundred thirty-two healthy, Caucasian subjects (18-89 years) completed a battery of cognitive tests, as well as an EM task during an fMRI scan. RESULTS WWC1 T carriers had significantly better delayed recall performance than CC individuals (p = .006). The relationship between increasing age and recall scores (immediate and delayed) was also significantly different between WWC1 genotype groups (p = .01). In addition to the age-related decline in hippocampal formation (HF) activation (p < .05; false discovery ratesmall volume correction-HF-region of interest), we observed an age by WWC1 genotype interaction on HF activation during encoding and retrieval. The CC group showed a significant negative association between HF activity and increasing age, while no such association was observed in the T carrier group (left HF p = .04; r-z correlation difference during encoding and retrieval; right HF p = .0008; r-z correlation difference during retrieval). CONCLUSIONS Our results show a dynamic relationship between rs17070145 polymorphism and increasing age on neuronal activity in the hippocampal region.
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Zhang L, Yang S, Wennmann DO, Chen Y, Kremerskothen J, Dong J. KIBRA: In the brain and beyond. Cell Signal 2014; 26:1392-9. [PMID: 24642126 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2014.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2014] [Accepted: 02/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
In mammals, the KIBRA locus has been associated with memory performance and cognition by genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphism screening. Genetic studies in Drosophila and human cells have identified KIBRA as a novel regulator of the Hippo signaling pathway, which plays a critical role in human tumorigenesis. Recent studies also indicated that KIBRA is involved in other physiological processes including cell polarity, membrane/vesicular trafficking, mitosis and cell migration. At the biochemical level, KIBRA protein is highly phosphorylated by various kinases in epithelial cells. Here, we discuss the updates concerning the function and regulation of KIBRA in the brain and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhang
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Shuping Yang
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | | | - Yuanhong Chen
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | | | - Jixin Dong
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.
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Wilker S, Kolassa S, Vogler C, Lingenfelder B, Elbert T, Papassotiropoulos A, de Quervain DJF, Kolassa IT. The role of memory-related gene WWC1 (KIBRA) in lifetime posttraumatic stress disorder: evidence from two independent samples from African conflict regions. Biol Psychiatry 2013; 74:664-71. [PMID: 23582269 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2013.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2012] [Revised: 02/13/2013] [Accepted: 02/28/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) results from the formation of a strong memory for the sensory-perceptual and affective representations of traumatic experiences, which is detached from the corresponding autobiographical context information. Because WWC1, the gene encoding protein KIBRA, is associated with long-term memory performance, we hypothesized that common WWC1 alleles influence the risk for a lifetime diagnosis of PTSD. METHODS Traumatic load and diagnosis of current and lifetime PTSD were assessed in two independent African samples of survivors from conflict zones who had faced severe trauma (n = 392, Rwanda, and n = 399, Northern Uganda, respectively). Array-based single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping was performed. The influence of WWC1 tagging SNPs and traumatic load on lifetime PTSD was estimated by means of logistic regression models with correction for multiple comparisons in the Rwandan sample. Replication analysis was performed in the independent Ugandan sample. RESULTS An association of two neighboring SNPs in almost complete linkage disequilibrium, rs10038727 and rs4576167, with lifetime PTSD was discovered in the Rwandan sample. Although each traumatic event added to the probability of lifetime PTSD in a dose-dependent manner in both genotype groups, carriers of the minor allele of both SNPs displayed a diminished risk (p = .007, odds ratio = .29 [95% confidence interval = .15-.54]). This effect was confirmed in the independent Ugandan sample. CONCLUSIONS This study reveals an association between two WWC1 SNPs and the likelihood of PTSD development, indicating that this memory-related gene might be involved in processes that occur in response to traumatic stress and influence the strengthening of fear memories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Wilker
- Clinical and Biological Psychology, Institute for Psychology and Education, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany.
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Chabris CF, Lee JJ, Benjamin DJ, Beauchamp JP, Glaeser EL, Borst G, Pinker S, Laibson DI. Why it is hard to find genes associated with social science traits: theoretical and empirical considerations. Am J Public Health 2013; 103 Suppl 1:S152-66. [PMID: 23927501 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2013.301327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We explain why traits of interest to behavioral scientists may have a genetic architecture featuring hundreds or thousands of loci with tiny individual effects rather than a few with large effects and why such an architecture makes it difficult to find robust associations between traits and genes. METHODS We conducted a genome-wide association study at 2 sites, Harvard University and Union College, measuring more than 100 physical and behavioral traits with a sample size typical of candidate gene studies. We evaluated predictions that alleles with large effect sizes would be rare and most traits of interest to social science are likely characterized by a lack of strong directional selection. We also carried out a theoretical analysis of the genetic architecture of traits based on R.A. Fisher's geometric model of natural selection and empirical analyses of the effects of selection bias and phenotype measurement stability on the results of genetic association studies. RESULTS Although we replicated several known genetic associations with physical traits, we found only 2 associations with behavioral traits that met the nominal genome-wide significance threshold, indicating that physical and behavioral traits are mainly affected by numerous genes with small effects. CONCLUSIONS The challenge for social science genomics is the likelihood that genes are connected to behavioral variation by lengthy, nonlinear, interactive causal chains, and unraveling these chains requires allying with personal genomics to take advantage of the potential for large sample sizes as well as continuing with traditional epidemiological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher F Chabris
- Christopher F. Chabris is with the Department of Psychology, Union College, Schenectady, NY. James J. Lee, Gregoire Borst, and Steven Pinker are with the Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA. Daniel J. Benjamin is with the Department of Economics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY. Jonathan P. Beauchamp, Edward L. Glaeser, and David I. Laibson are with the Department of Economics, Harvard University
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Wang D, Liu B, Qin W, Wang J, Zhang Y, Jiang T, Yu C. KIBRA gene variants are associated with synchronization within the default-mode and executive control networks. Neuroimage 2012; 69:213-22. [PMID: 23266749 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2012] [Revised: 11/11/2012] [Accepted: 12/13/2012] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetic variation at the KIBRA rs17070145 polymorphism has been linked to episodic memory, executive function, and Alzheimer's disease (AD), which are related to the structural and functional integrity of the default-mode network (DMN) and executive control network (ECN). We hypothesize that the KIBRA polymorphism could modulate the structure and function of the DMN and ECN in healthy young subjects, which might underlie the association between this gene and cognitive function. To test our hypothesis, we analyzed the resting-state synchronization in the DMN and ECN in 288 young, healthy Chinese Han subjects. We found that carriers of the KIBRA C-allele demonstrated an increased synchronization in the posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) and medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC) of the DMN and in the right anterior insula, bilateral caudate nuclei, and bilateral dorsal anterior cingulate cortices (dACC) of the ECN compared to individuals with a TT genotype. Moreover, KIBRA C-allele carriers also showed a smaller gray matter volume (GMV) in the MPFC and bilateral dACCs than TT individuals. In contrast, there were no significant genotype differences in the synchronization of either the visual network or the sensorimotor network. These findings suggest that the polymorphism in the KIBRA gene affects GMV and the function of the DMN and ECN. This increased synchronization is likely a reflection of compensation for the regional gray matter deficits in these networks in young healthy subjects. The association between KIBRA polymorphisms and the DMN and ECN should be further explored in a healthy older population and in patients with AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawei Wang
- Department of Radiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
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Milnik A, Heck A, Vogler C, Heinze HJ, de Quervain DJF, Papassotiropoulos A. Association of KIBRA with episodic and working memory: a meta-analysis. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2012; 159B:958-69. [PMID: 23065961 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.32101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2012] [Accepted: 09/10/2012] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
WWC1 was first implicated in human cognition through a genome wide association study in 2006 that reported an association of the intronic single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs17070145 with episodic memory performance. WWC1 encodes the protein KIBRA, which is almost ubiquitously expressed. Together with its binding partners, KIBRA is assumed to play a role in synaptic plasticity. T-allele carriers of SNP rs17070145 have been reported to outperform individuals that are homozygous for the C-allele in episodic memory tasks. Here we report two random effects meta-analyses testing the association of rs17070145 with episodic and working memory. All currently available population-based association studies that investigated effects of rs17070145 on episodic or working memory were included in the analyses. Where performance measures for multiple domain-specific tasks were available for a given study population, averaged effect size estimates were calculated. The performed meta-analyses relied on 17 samples that were tested for episodic memory performance (N = 8,909) and 9 samples that had performed working memory tasks (N = 4,696). We report a significant association of rs17070145 with both episodic (r = 0.068, P = 0.001) and working memory (r = 0.035, P = 0.018). In summary, our findings indicate that SNP rs17070145 located within KIBRA explains 0.5% of the variance for episodic memory tasks and 0.1% of the variance for working memory tasks in samples of primarily Caucasian background.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annette Milnik
- Division of Molecular Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
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Bearden CE, Karlsgodt KH, Bachman P, van Erp TGM, Winkler AM, Glahn DC. Genetic architecture of declarative memory: implications for complex illnesses. Neuroscientist 2012; 18:516-32. [PMID: 21832260 PMCID: PMC3545476 DOI: 10.1177/1073858411415113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Why do memory abilities vary so greatly across individuals and cognitive domains? Although memory functions are highly heritable, what exactly is being genetically transmitted? Here we review evidence for the contribution of both common and partially independent inheritance of distinct aspects of memory function. We begin by discussing the assessment of long-term memory and its underlying neural and molecular basis. We then consider evidence for both specialist and generalist genes underlying individual variability in memory, indicating that carving memory into distinct subcomponents may yield important information regarding its genetic architecture. And finally we review evidence from both complex and single-gene disorders, which provide insight into the molecular mechanisms underlying the genetic basis of human memory function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carrie E Bearden
- Departments of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences and Psychology, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Wagner AK, Hatz LE, Scanlon JM, Niyonkuru C, Miller MA, Ricker JH, Conley YP, Ferrell RE. Association of KIBRA rs17070145 polymorphism and episodic memory in individuals with severe TBI. Brain Inj 2012; 26:1658-69. [PMID: 22794909 DOI: 10.3109/02699052.2012.700089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies implicate single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs17070145, a common T → C polymorphism on the KIBRA gene, in mediating differences in episodic memory. In healthy adults, T-allele carriers perform better than non-carriers on episodic memory measures. However, this association is reversed in adults with subjective memory complaints and populations vulnerable to memory deficits, a problem common in traumatic brain injury (TBI). METHODS This study assessed associations between variation in the KIBRA gene and cognitive function in 129 adults with severe TBI. In addition to other executive functioning and functional/global outcomes, the Buschke Selective Reminding Test (SRT), Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure Test and California Verbal Learning Test-II (CVLT-II) were administered 6 and 12 months post-injury. RESULTS T-allele non-carriers performed better than carriers on multiple episodic memory measures. At 6 months, T-allele non-carriers performed better for delayed recall measures on the SRT. At 12 months, T-allele non-carriers performed better on multiple SRT measures and on List-B learning with CVLT-II. No associations occurred with executive function or global outcome measures. CONCLUSION These results suggest that rs17070145 T-allele effects are specific to episodic memory and support the hypothesis that associations between rs17070145 variation and memory are disparate between healthy and impaired populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy K Wagner
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
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Interaction of BDNF and COMT polymorphisms on paired-associative stimulation-induced cortical plasticity. J Neurosci 2012; 32:4553-61. [PMID: 22457502 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.6010-11.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The common single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) valine-to-methionine substitution at codon 66 (Val66Met) has been associated with differences in memory functions and cortical plasticity following brain stimulation. Other studies could not confirm these results, though, and potential interactions of BDNF carrier status with other learning-relevant SNPs are largely unknown. The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of BDNF Val66Met genotype on paired associative stimulation (PAS)-induced motor cortex plasticity, while additionally taking catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) Val158Met and kidney and brain (KIBRA) rs17070145 carrier status into account. Therefore, a cohort of 2 × 16 age- and education-matched healthy young females underwent transcranial magnetic stimulation using an excitatory PAS(25) protocol to induce cortical plasticity. Cognitive performance was assessed using implicit grammar- and motor-learning tasks and a detailed neuropsychological test battery. While BDNF carrier status alone did not significantly influence PAS-induced cortical plasticity, we found a significant BDNF × COMT interaction, showing higher plasticity immediately following the PAS(25) protocol for the BDNF Val/Val vs Met genotype in COMT Met homozygotes only (ANOVA, p = 0.027). A similar advantage for this group was noted for implicit grammar learning (ANOVA, p = 0.021). Accounting for KIBRA rs17070145 did not explain significant variance. Our findings for the first time demonstrate an interaction of BDNF by COMT on human cortical plasticity. Moreover, they show that genotype-related differences in neurophysiology translate into behavioral differences. These findings might contribute to a better understanding of the mechanisms of interindividual differences in cognition.
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LeBlanc M, Kulle B, Sundet K, Agartz I, Melle I, Djurovic S, Frigessi A, Andreassen OA. Genome-wide study identifies PTPRO and WDR72 and FOXQ1-SUMO1P1 interaction associated with neurocognitive function. J Psychiatr Res 2012; 46:271-8. [PMID: 22126837 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2011.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2011] [Revised: 10/01/2011] [Accepted: 11/02/2011] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several aspects of neurocognitive function have high heritability, but the molecular genetic mechanisms underlying neurocognition are not known. We performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) to identify genes associated with neurocognition. METHODS 700 Subjects (schizophrenia spectrum disorder, n=190, bipolar disorder n=157 and healthy individuals n=353) were tested with an extensive neuropsychological test battery, and genotyped using the Affymetrix Genome-Wide Human SNP Array 6.0. After quality control, linear regression analysis of each of the 24 cognitive tests on the SNP dosage was performed, including age, gender, education and disease group as covariates. Additionally, 9 SNPs trending toward genome-wide significance were considered for epistatic interactions. RESULTS Four SNPs and 2 independent association signals achieving genome-wide significance were identified. Three intronic SNPs in PTPRO were associated with learning and memory (CVLT-II LDFR) (rs17222089, p=1.55×10(-8); rs11056571, p=1.68×10(-8); and rs2300290, p=1.09×10(-8)). rs719714 downstream of WDR72 was associated with executive functioning (CW-3: Inhibition, D-KEFS) (p=4.32×10(-8)). A highly significant epistatic interaction was found between rs9378605 upstream of FOXQ1 and rs11699311 downstream of SUMO1P1 for the Grooved Pegboard test (p=7.6×10(-14)). CONCLUSIONS We identified four novel loci associated with neurocognitive function and one novel epistatic interaction. The findings should be replicated in independent samples, but indicate a role of PTPRO in learning and memory, WDR72 with executive functioning, and an interaction between FOXQ1 and SUMO1P1 for psychomotor speed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marissa LeBlanc
- Epi-Gen, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
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Abstract
Several studies have linked the KIBRA rs17070145 T polymorphism to superior episodic memory in healthy humans. One study investigated the effect of KIBRA on brain activation patterns (Papassotiropoulos et al., 2006) and observed increased hippocampal activation in noncarriers of the T allele during retrieval. Noncarriers were interpreted to need more hippocampal activation to reach the same performance level as T carriers. Using large behavioral (N = 2230) and fMRI (N = 83) samples, we replicated the KIBRA effect on episodic memory performance, but found increased hippocampal activation in T carriers during episodic retrieval. There was no evidence of compensatory brain activation in noncarriers within the hippocampal region. In the main fMRI sample, T carriers performed better than noncarriers during scanning but, importantly, the difference in hippocampus activation remained after post hoc matching according to performance, sex, and age (N = 64). These findings link enhanced memory performance in KIBRA T allele carriers to elevated hippocampal functioning, rather than to neural compensation in noncarriers.
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Papassotiropoulos A, de Quervain DJF. Genetics of human episodic memory: dealing with complexity. Trends Cogn Sci 2011; 15:381-7. [PMID: 21835680 DOI: 10.1016/j.tics.2011.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2011] [Revised: 07/15/2011] [Accepted: 07/15/2011] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Episodic memory is a polygenic behavioral trait with substantial heritability estimates. Despite its complexity, recent empirical evidence supports the notion that behavioral genetic studies of episodic memory might successfully identify trait-associated molecules and pathways. The development of high-throughput genotyping methods, of elaborated statistical analyses and of phenotypic assessment methods at the neural systems level will facilitate the reliable identification of novel memory-related genes. Importantly, a necessary crosstalk between behavioral genetic studies and investigation of causality by molecular genetic studies will ultimately pave the way towards the identification of biologically important, and hopefully druggable, genes and molecular pathways related to human episodic memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Papassotiropoulos
- Department of Psychology, Division of Molecular Neuroscience, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
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Abstract
The effects of aging and IQ on performance were examined in 4 memory tasks: item recognition, associative recognition, cued recall, and free recall. For item and associative recognition, accuracy and the response time (RT) distributions for correct and error responses were explained by Ratcliff's (1978) diffusion model at the level of individual participants. The values of the components of processing identified by the model for the recognition tasks, as well as accuracy for cued and free recall, were compared across levels of IQ (ranging from 85 to 140) and age (college age, 60-74 years old, and 75-90 years old). IQ had large effects on drift rate in recognition and recall performance, except for the oldest participants with some measures near floor. Drift rates in the recognition tasks, accuracy in recall, and IQ all correlated strongly. However, there was a small decline in drift rates for item recognition and a large decline for associative recognition and cued recall accuracy (70%). In contrast, there were large effects of age on boundary separation and nondecision time (which correlated across tasks) but small effects of IQ. The implications of these results for single- and dual-process models of item recognition are discussed, and it is concluded that models that deal with both RTs and accuracy are subject to many more constraints than are models that deal with only one of these measures. Overall, the results of the study show a complicated but interpretable pattern of interactions that present important targets for modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger Ratcliff
- Department of Psychology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
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Sédille-Mostafaie N, Sebesta C, Huber KR, Zehetmayer S, Jungwirth S, Tragl KH, Fischer P, Krugluger W. The role of memory-related gene polymorphisms, KIBRA and CLSTN2, on replicate memory assessment in the elderly. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2011; 119:77-80. [PMID: 21643791 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-011-0667-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2011] [Accepted: 05/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The role of the CLSTN2 (rs6439886) and KIBRA (rs17070145) SNPs in cognitive impairment was analysed in a 75-76 years old group. Various memory assessment tests were carried out on individuals at baseline and during follow-up investigations, and biallelic genotyping was performed. No influence of the allele status of either SNPs was observed on any memory test. No increased risk of any type of late development, and cognitive impairment was associated with rs6439886 or rs17070145.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Sédille-Mostafaie
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Danube Hospital, Langobardenstr. 122, 1220 Vienna, Austria.
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Abstract
The rs17070145 polymorphism (C → T substitution, intron 9) of the KIBRA gene has recently been associated with episodic memory and cognitive flexibility. These findings were inconsistent across reports though, and largely lacked gene-gene or gene-environment interactions. The aim of the present study was to determine the impact of the rs17070145 polymorphism on clinically relevant cognitive domains and its interaction with the modifiers 'lifestyle' and 'cardiovascular risk factors'. Five-hundred forty-five elderly volunteers (mean age 64 years, ±7 years, 56% women) accomplished a comprehensive cognitive testing. Principal component analysis was used to reveal the internal structure of the data, rendering four composite scores: verbal memory, word fluency, executive function/psychomotor speed, and working memory. Lifestyle was assessed with a detailed questionnaire, age-associated risk factors by clinical interview and examination. There was no main effect of the rs17070145 genotype on any cognitive composite scores. However, we found worse performance in executive functions for T-allele carriers in the presence of arterial hypertension (β=-0.365, p=0.0077 and 0.031 after Bonferroni correction). This association was further modified by gender, showing the strongest association in hypertensive females (β=-0.500, p=0.0072 and 0.029 after Bonferroni correction). The effect of KIBRA on cognitive function seems to be complex and modified by gender and arterial hypertension.
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Identification of a common variant affecting human episodic memory performance using a pooled genome-wide association approach: a case study of disease gene identification. Methods Mol Biol 2011; 700:261-9. [PMID: 21204039 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-61737-954-3_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) are an important tool for discovering novel genes associated with disease or traits. Careful design of case-control groups greatly facilitates the efficacy of these studies. Here we describe a pooled GWAS study undertaken to find novel genes associated with human episodic memory performance. A genomic locus for the WW and C2 domain-containing 1 protein, KIBRA (also known as WWC1), was found to be associated with memory performance in three cognitively normal cohorts from Switzerland and the USA. This result was further supported by correlation of KIBRA genotype and differences in hippocampal activation as measured by functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). These findings provide an excellent example of the application of GWAS using a pooled genomic DNA approach to successfully identify a locus with strong effects on human memory.
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Burgess JD, Pedraza O, Graff-Radford NR, Hirpa M, Zou F, Miles R, Nguyen T, Li M, Lucas JA, Ivnik RJ, Crook J, Pankratz VS, Dickson DW, Petersen RC, Younkin SG, Ertekin-Taner N. Association of common KIBRA variants with episodic memory and AD risk. Neurobiol Aging 2010; 32:557.e1-9. [PMID: 21185624 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2010.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2010] [Revised: 11/01/2010] [Accepted: 11/02/2010] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
KIBRA single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs17070145 was identified in a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of memory performance, with some but not all follow-up studies confirming association of its T allele with enhanced memory. This allele was associated with reduced Alzheimer's disease (AD) risk in 1 study, which also found overexpression of KIBRA in memory-related brain regions of AD. We genotyped rs17070145 and 14 additional SNPs in 2571 late onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD) patients vs. 2842 controls, including African-Americans. We found significantly reduced risk for rs17070145 T allele in the older African-American subjects (p = 0.007) and a suggestive effect in the older Caucasian series. Meta-analysis of this allele in > 8000 subjects from our and published series showed a suggestive protective effect (p = 0.07). Analysis of episodic memory in control subjects did not identify associations with rs17070145, though other SNPs showed significant associations in 1 series. KIBRA showed evidence of overexpression in the AD temporal cortex (p = 0.06) but not cerebellum. These results suggest a modest role for KIBRA as a cognition and AD risk gene, and also highlight the multifactorial complexity of its genetic associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy D Burgess
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
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Todd RM, Palombo DJ, Levine B, Anderson AK. Genetic differences in emotionally enhanced memory. Neuropsychologia 2010; 49:734-44. [PMID: 21094178 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2010.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2010] [Revised: 10/28/2010] [Accepted: 11/09/2010] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Understanding genetic contributions to individual differences in the capacity for emotional memory has tremendous implications for understanding normal human memory as well as pathological reactions to traumatic stress. Research in the last decade has identified genetic polymorphisms thought to influence cognitive/affective processes that may contribute to emotional memory capacity. In this paper, we review key polymorphisms linked to emotional and mnemonic processing and their influence on neuromodulator activity in the amygdala and other emotion-related structures. We discuss their potential roles in specific cognitive processes involved in memory formation, and review links between these genetic variants, brain activation, and specific patterns of attention, perception, and memory consolidation that may be linked to individual differences in memory vividness. Finally we propose a model predicting an influence of noradrenergic, serotonergic, and dopaminergic processes on emotional perception, as well as on memory consolidation and self-regulation. Outside of the laboratory, it is likely that real-life effects of arousal operate along a continuum that incorporates other "non-emotional" aspects of memory. For this reason we further discuss additional literature on genetic variations that influence general episodic memory processes, rather than being specific to emotional enhancement of memory. We conclude that specific neuromodulators contribute to an amygdala-driven memory system that is relatively involuntary, embodied, and sensorily vivid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca M Todd
- Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Centre, Toronto, Canada.
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Yasuda Y, Hashimoto R, Ohi K, Fukumoto M, Takamura H, Iike N, Yoshida T, Hayashi N, Takahashi H, Yamamori H, Morihara T, Tagami S, Okochi M, Tanaka T, Kudo T, Kamino K, Ishii R, Iwase M, Kazui H, Takeda M. Association study of KIBRA gene with memory performance in a Japanese population. World J Biol Psychiatry 2010; 11:852-7. [PMID: 20509760 DOI: 10.3109/15622971003797258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Papassotiropoulos et al. (Science 314: p 475) discovered that a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of the KIBRA gene (rs17070145) was associated with delayed recall performance in Caucasians. KIBRA is highly expressed in the brain and kidneys, and is reported to be involved in synaptic plasticity. Therefore, we first tried to replicate the association between the SNP and memory performance in a Japanese subjects. METHODS We examined the association between the SNP and memory performance measured by the Wechsler Memory Scale-Revised (WMS-R) in 187 healthy Japanese people. RESULTS The T allele carriers had significantly better verbal memory, attention/concentration and delayed recall performance than the C/C carriers (corrected P = 0.044, 0.047 and 0.0084, respectively). Furthermore, the C/T carriers and the T/T carriers had better delayed recall performance than the C/C carriers (post hoc P = 0.0017 and 0.0096). CONCLUSIONS This data suggest that the C/C genotype might have an impact on memory performance in Asian populations as well as in Caucasian populations. Further investigation to clarify the association of the KIBRA gene with memory in other ethnic groups is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuka Yasuda
- The Osaka-Hamamatsu Joint Research Center for Child Mental Development, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
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Vassos E, Bramon E, Picchioni M, Walshe M, Filbey FM, Kravariti E, McDonald C, Murray RM, Collier DA, Toulopoulou T. Evidence of association of KIBRA genotype with episodic memory in families of psychotic patients and controls. J Psychiatr Res 2010; 44:795-8. [PMID: 20185150 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2010.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2009] [Revised: 01/24/2010] [Accepted: 01/25/2010] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The first genome-wide association study of human memory identified an association between a common T/C polymorphism of the KIBRA gene (rs17070145) and episodic memory performance in normal individuals; subsequent studies have implicated the same polymorphism in Alzheimer's disease. Since impaired neurocognitive performance, including memory, may be both a core feature of schizophrenia and a candidate endophenotype, we attempted to replicate this association in a total sample of 544 subjects (including patients with psychosis, their unaffected relatives as well as normal individuals). In the combined sample there was a significant association between the KIBRA T allele and better performance in the single principle component of the memory measures, which included immediate and delayed logical and visual memory from the Wechsler Memory Scale (p=0.019). In the unaffected individuals (patients' relatives and healthy controls) we observed an association of KIBRA with immediate and delayed logical memory (p=0.020 and 0.025, respectively), while in patients with psychosis with delayed visual memory (p=0.05). This study replicates the association between the KIBRA gene and episodic memory and suggests a possibly differential effect of the polymorphism in psychotic and non-psychotic individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evangelos Vassos
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Department of Psychological Medicine and Psychiatry and NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK.
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Haworth CMA, Plomin R. Quantitative genetics in the era of molecular genetics: learning abilities and disabilities as an example. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2010; 49:783-93. [PMID: 20643312 PMCID: PMC2908597 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaac.2010.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2009] [Revised: 12/17/2009] [Accepted: 03/22/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To consider recent findings from quantitative genetic research in the context of molecular genetic research, especially genome-wide association studies. We focus on findings that go beyond merely estimating heritability. We use learning abilities and disabilities as examples. METHOD Recent twin research in the area of learning abilities and disabilities was reviewed. RESULTS Three findings from quantitative genetic research stand out for their far-reaching implications for child and adolescent psychiatry. First, common disorders such as learning difficulties are the quantitative extreme of the same genetic factors responsible for genetic influence throughout the normal distribution (the Common Disorders are Quantitative Traits Hypothesis). Second, the same set of genes is largely responsible for genetic influence across diverse learning and cognitive abilities and disabilities (the Generalist Genes Hypothesis). Third, experiences are just as influenced genetically as are behaviors and genetic factors mediate associations between widely used measures of the environment and behavioural outcomes (the Nature of Nurture Hypothesis). CONCLUSIONS Quantitative genetics can go far beyond the rudimentary "how much" question about nature versus nurture, and can continue to provide important findings in the era of molecular genetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire M A Haworth
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, United Kingdom.
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Schneider A, Huentelman MJ, Kremerskothen J, Duning K, Spoelgen R, Nikolich K. KIBRA: A New Gateway to Learning and Memory? Front Aging Neurosci 2010; 2:4. [PMID: 20552044 PMCID: PMC2874402 DOI: 10.3389/neuro.24.004.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2009] [Accepted: 01/22/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The genetic locus encoding KIBRA, a member of the WWC family of proteins, has recently been shown to be associated with human memory performance through genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphism screening. Gene expression analysis and a variety of functional studies have further indicated that such a role is biologically plausible for KIBRA. Here, we review the existing literature, illustrate connections between the different lines of evidence, and derive models based on KIBRA's function(s) in the brain that can be further tested experimentally.
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Cirulli ET, Kasperaviciūte D, Attix DK, Need AC, Ge D, Gibson G, Goldstein DB. Common genetic variation and performance on standardized cognitive tests. Eur J Hum Genet 2010; 18:815-20. [PMID: 20125193 DOI: 10.1038/ejhg.2010.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
One surprising feature of the recently completed waves of genome-wide association studies is the limited impact of common genetic variation in individually detectable polymorphisms on many human traits. This has been particularly pronounced for studies on psychiatric conditions, which have failed to produce clear, replicable associations for common variants. One popular explanation for these negative findings is that many of these traits may be genetically heterogeneous, leading to the idea that relevant endophenotypes may be more genetically tractable. Aspects of cognition may be the most important endophenotypes for psychiatric conditions such as schizophrenia, leading many researchers to pursue large-scale studies on the genetic contributors of cognitive performance in the normal population as a surrogate for aspects of liability to disease. Here, we perform a genome-wide association study with two tests of executive function, Digit Symbol and Stroop Color-Word, in 1086 healthy volunteers and with an expanded cognitive battery in 514 of these volunteers. We show that, consistent with published studies of the psychiatric conditions themselves, no single common variant has a large effect (explaining >4-8% of the population variation) on the performance of healthy individuals on standardized cognitive tests. Given that these are important endophenotypes, our work is consistent with the idea that identifying rare genetic causes of psychiatric conditions may be more important for future research than identifying genetically homogenous endophenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth T Cirulli
- Center for Human Genome Variation, Duke Institute for Genome Sciences & Policy, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
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Abstract
The kidney and brain expressed protein gene (KIBRA) and the calsyntenin 2 gene (CLSTN2) are reportedly involved in synaptic plasticity. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) rs17070145 (KIBRA) and rs6439886 (CLSTN2) have been found to affect memory performance measures. This study examined the association of KIBRA SNP rs17070145 and CLSTN2 SNPs rs6439886 and rs17348572 (a nonsynonymous variant) with cognitive flexibility in 674 African Americans (AAs; 526 current smokers) and 419 European Americans (EAs; 318 current smokers). The subjects' cognitive flexibility was assessed using the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test. The effects on cognitive flexibility of sex, age, education, and tobacco recency (a possible mediator of gene effects in smokers), the three SNPs, and the interaction of each SNP with tobacco recency were analyzed using multivariate analysis of variance. In AAs, there were no main or interaction effects of the SNPs on cognitive flexibility. In EAs, the two CLSTN2 SNPs showed no main effect on cognitive flexibility. However, among EAs, individuals with the KIBRA rs17070145 T allele made significantly more perseverative responses (P=0.002) and perseverative errors (P=0.002) than those with no T allele. Furthermore, among EAs with the rs17070145 T allele, current smokers made significantly fewer perseverative responses (P<0.001) and perseverative errors (P<0.001) than past smokers. Nongenetic factors (age, education, and tobacco recency) had substantial effects on cognitive flexibility in both AAs and EAs. We conclude that variation in KIBRA influences cognitive flexibility in a population-specific way, and that current smoking status moderates this effect.
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Studies suggest that there is a considerable genetic contribution to individual episodic memory performance. Identifying genes which impact recollection may further elucidate an emerging biology and pave the way towards novel cognitive interventions. To date, several candidate genes have been explored and a few seem to have modest but measurable effects. METHODS Here we review the biology of memory with particular focus on episodic memory, critically appraise the published evidence supporting the role of several candidate genes, and make suggestions for future pathways of research. RESULTS We found moderate evidence for several candidate genes implicated in episodic memory formation, with converging lines of neurobiologic evidence especially strong for only a select few. Perhaps unexpectedly, little work has been done on other aspects of memory, including the semantic and autobiographical systems. CONCLUSIONS Larger studies utilizing more elaborate methodologies to measure the spectrum of episodic memory are required to move the field forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy Koppel
- The Litwin-Zucker Research Center for the Study of Alzheimer's Disease and Memory Disorders, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA.
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Preuschhof C, Heekeren HR, Li SC, Sander T, Lindenberger U, Bäckman L. KIBRA and CLSTN2 polymorphisms exert interactive effects on human episodic memory. Neuropsychologia 2009; 48:402-8. [PMID: 19804789 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2009.09.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2009] [Revised: 09/23/2009] [Accepted: 09/28/2009] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Individual differences in episodic memory are highly heritable. Several studies have linked a polymorphism in the gene encoding the KIBRA protein to episodic memory performance. Results regarding CLSTN2, the gene encoding the synaptic protein calsyntenin 2, have been less consistent, possibly pointing to interactions with other genes. Given that both KIBRA and CLSTN2 are expressed in the medial temporal lobe and have been linked to synaptic plasticity, we investigated whether KIBRA and CLSTN2 interactively modulate episodic memory performance (n=383). We replicated the beneficial effect of the KIBRA T-allele on episodic memory, and discovered that this effect increases with the associative demands of the memory task. Importantly, the memory-enhancing effect of the KIBRA T-allele was boosted by the presence of the CLSTN2 C-allele, which positively affected memory performance in some previous studies. In contrast, the presence of CLSTN2 C-allele led to reduced performance in subjects homozygous for the KIBRA C-allele. Overall, these findings suggest that KIBRA and CLSTN2 interactively modulate episodic memory performance, and underscore the need for delineating the interactive effects of multiple genes on brain and behavior.
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Payton A. The Impact of Genetic Research on our Understanding of Normal Cognitive Ageing: 1995 to 2009. Neuropsychol Rev 2009; 19:451-77. [DOI: 10.1007/s11065-009-9116-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2009] [Accepted: 08/17/2009] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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