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Yu Q, Wang C, Xu H, Wu Y, Ding H, Liu N, Zhang N, Wang C. The mediating role of transmembrane protein 132D methylation in predicting the occurrence of panic disorder in physical abuse. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:972522. [PMID: 36032246 PMCID: PMC9403743 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.972522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Genome Wide Association study (GWAS) has revealed that the transmembrane protein 132D (TMEM132D) is a gene of sensitive for panic disorder (PD). As the main type of childhood trauma experience, childhood abuse has become a public health issue attracting much attention at home and abroad, and has been proved to be a risk factor for the onset of PD. However, how it affects the occurrence and development of panic disorder has not yet been revealed. We examined the relationship between TMEM132D methylation, childhood abuse and symptoms based on this finding. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty-two patients with PD and 22 healthy controls (HCs) were recruited after age, gender, and the education level were matched. The DNA methylation levels of CpG sites across the genome were examined with genomic DNA samples (PD, N = 32, controls, N = 22) extracted from subjects' elbow venous blood. A mediation model was used to explore the relationship between the methylation degree of different CpG sites and childhood maltreatment and clinical symptoms. RESULTS We found that the PD group had significantly lower methylation at CpG1, CpG2, CpG3, CpG4, CpG5, CpG6, CpG7, CpG8, CpG11, CpG14, and CpG18 than did the HCs (p < 0.05). The CpG2 (r = 0.5953, p = 0.0117) site in the priming region of TEME132D gene were positively associated with PDSS score. The CpG2 (r = 0.4889, p = 0.046) site in the priming region of TEME132D gene were positively associated with physical abuse. Furthermore, path analyses showed that the methylation of CpG2 of TMEM132D played a fully mediating role in the relationship between physical abuse and PD symptom severity (95. CONCLUSION Childhood abuse experiences, especially physical abuse, are significantly related to PD. The methylation of CpG2 of TMEM132D was shown to have a fully mediating effect between panic disorder and physical abuse. The interaction between TMEM132D methylation and physical abuse can predict panic disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianmei Yu
- School of Psychology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China.,Nanjing Brain Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chiyue Wang
- Nanjing Brain Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Huazheng Xu
- Nanjing Brain Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yun Wu
- School of Psychology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China.,Nanjing Brain Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Huachen Ding
- Nanjing Brain Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Na Liu
- School of Psychology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China.,Nanjing Brain Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ning Zhang
- School of Psychology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China.,Nanjing Brain Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chun Wang
- School of Psychology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China.,Nanjing Brain Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Acute Mania and Catatonia in a Teenager Successfully Treated with Electroconvulsive Therapy and Diagnosed with Turner Syndrome and Bipolar Disorder. Case Rep Psychiatry 2021; 2021:3371591. [PMID: 34956685 PMCID: PMC8709772 DOI: 10.1155/2021/3371591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Turner syndrome (TS) is an X-linked chromosomal abnormality with a global prevalence of 1/2000 live-born girls. The physiological symptoms of TS have been thoroughly characterized, but only a few studies have described associated psychiatric symptoms. We report a case of an adolescent girl who presented with acute mania with psychotic features and was successfully treated with electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). She was subsequently diagnosed with bipolar syndrome and TS. Case Presentation. A 17-year-old girl presented to us with manic symptoms, including disorganized speech, auditory hallucinations, and affect lability. Initially, she was treated with antipsychotics and benzodiazepines, whereby the positive affective symptoms declined. However, the psychotic symptoms progressed, and she developed a catatonic state. ECT was started 6 days after admission, with improvement after two treatments. When ECT was tapered after seven sessions, she relapsed, and the treatment was extended to twelve sessions, with successful outcome. Following discharge, she was diagnosed with TS with partial loss on one of the X-chromosomes (46X, del (X)(p21)), which might have contributed to the development of her sudden acute manic episode. Conclusions This case demonstrates for the first time that ECT may be a safe and efficient treatment strategy for acute mania in adolescents with concomitant TS and that severely affected adolescents may require a prolonged series with gradual tapering of ECT. The present case also demonstrates a possible association between TS and bipolar syndrome and that the clinical presentation of a manic episode in a patient with this comorbidity could be more complex and the treatment response slower.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Bipolar disorder (BD) is a chronic mental health disorder with significant morbidity and mortality. Age at onset (AAO) may be a key variable in delineating more homogeneous subgroups of BD patients. However, no known research has systematically assessed how BD age-at-onset subgroups should be defined. METHODS We systematically searched the following databases: Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, PsycINFO, MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, Scopus, Proquest Dissertations and Theses, Google Scholar and BIOSIS Previews. Original quantitative English language studies investigating AAO in BD were sought. RESULTS A total of 9454 unique publications were identified. Twenty-one of these were included in data analysis (n = 22981 BD participants). Fourteen of these studies (67%, n = 13626 participants) found a trimodal AAO distribution: early-onset (µ = 17.3, σ = 1.19, 45% of sample), mid-onset (µ = 26.0, σ = 1.72, 35%), and late-onset (µ = 41.9, σ = 6.16, 20%). Five studies (24%, n = 1422 participants) described a bimodal AAO distribution: early-onset (µ = 24.3, σ = 6.57, 66% of sample) and late-onset (µ = 46.3, σ = 14.15, 34%). Two studies investigated cohort effects on BD AAO and found that when the sample was not split by cohort, a trimodal AAO was the winning model, but when separated by cohort a bimodal distribution fit the data better. CONCLUSIONS We propose that the field conceptualises bipolar disorder age-at-onset subgroups as referring broadly to life stages. Demarcating BD AAO groups can inform treatment and provide a framework for future research to continue to investigate potential mechanisms of disease onset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sorcha Bolton
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of OxfordWarneford HospitalOxfordUK
| | - Jeremy Warner
- University of Oxford Medical SchoolJohn Radcliffe HospitalOxfordUK
| | - Eli Harriss
- Bodleian Health Care LibrariesUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - John Geddes
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of OxfordWarneford HospitalOxfordUK,Oxford Health NHS Foundation TrustWarneford HospitalOxfordUK
| | - Kate E. A. Saunders
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of OxfordWarneford HospitalOxfordUK,Oxford Health NHS Foundation TrustWarneford HospitalOxfordUK
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Adriani W, Romano E, Pucci M, Pascale E, Cerniglia L, Cimino S, Tambelli R, Curatolo P, Granstrem O, Maccarrone M, Laviola G, D'Addario C. Potential for diagnosis versus therapy monitoring of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a new epigenetic biomarker interacting with both genotype and auto-immunity. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2018; 27:241-252. [PMID: 28822049 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-017-1040-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
In view of the need for easily accessible biomarkers, we evaluated in ADHD children the epigenetic status of the 5'-untranslated region (UTR) in the SLC6A3 gene, coding for human dopamine transporter (DAT). We analysed buccal swabs and sera from 30 children who met DSM-IV-TR criteria for ADHD, assigned to treatment according to severity. Methylation levels at six-selected CpG sites (among which, a CGGCGGCGG and a CGCG motif), alone or in combination with serum titers in auto-antibodies against dopamine transporter (DAT aAbs), were analysed for correlation with CGAS scores (by clinicians) and Conners' scales (by parents), collected at recruitment and after 6 weeks. In addition, we characterized the DAT genotype, i.e., the variable number tandem repeat (VNTR) polymorphisms at the 3'-UTR of the gene. DAT methylation levels were greatly reduced in ADHD patients compared to control, healthy children. Within patients carrying at least one DAT 9 allele (DAT 9/x), methylation at positions CpG2 and/or CpG6 correlated with recovery, as evident from delta-CGAS scores as well as delta Conners' scales ('inattentive' and 'hyperactive' subscales). Moreover, hypermethylation at CpG1 position denoted severity, specifically for those patients carrying a DAT 10/10 genotype. Intriguingly, high serum DAT-aAbs titers appeared to corroborate indications from high CpG1 versus high CpG2/CpG6 levels, likewise denoting severity versus recovery in DAT 10/10 versus 9/x patients, respectively. These profiles suggest that DAT 5'UTR epigenetics plus serum aAbs can serve as suitable biomarkers, to confirm ADHD diagnosis and/or to predict the efficacy of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter Adriani
- Center for Behavioural Sciences and Mental Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Building 19 Floor D Room 5, viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy. .,Faculty of Psychology, Università Telematica Internazionale "Uninettuno", Rome, Italy.
| | - Emilia Romano
- Center for Behavioural Sciences and Mental Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Building 19 Floor D Room 5, viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Mariangela Pucci
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - Esterina Pascale
- Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Luca Cerniglia
- Faculty of Psychology, Università Telematica Internazionale "Uninettuno", Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Cimino
- Dynamic and Clinical Psychology Department, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Renata Tambelli
- Dynamic and Clinical Psychology Department, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Curatolo
- Pediatric Neurology Unit, Department of System Medicine, "Tor Vergata" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Mauro Maccarrone
- Department of Medicine, "Campus Bio-Medico" University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,European Center for Brain Research, IRCCS "Santa Lucia", Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Laviola
- Center for Behavioural Sciences and Mental Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Building 19 Floor D Room 5, viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudio D'Addario
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy.,European Center for Brain Research, IRCCS "Santa Lucia", Rome, Italy
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5
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Karsli-Ceppioglu S. Epigenetic Mechanisms in Psychiatric Diseases and Epigenetic Therapy. Drug Dev Res 2016; 77:407-413. [PMID: 27594444 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.21340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Preclinical Research Epigenetic mechanisms refer covalent modification of DNA and histone proteins that control transcriptional regulation of gene expression. Epigenetic regulation is involved in the development of the nervous system and plays an important role in the pathophysiology of psychiatric disorders, including depression, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia. Epigenetic drugs, including histone deacetylation and DNA methylation inhibitors have received increased attention for the management of psychiatric diseases. The purpose of this review is to discuss the potential of epigenetic drugs to treat these disorders and to clarify the mechanisms by which they regulate the dysfunctional genes in the brain. Drug Dev Res 77 : 407-413, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Impey S, Pelz C, Tafessu A, Marzulla T, Turker MS, Raber J. Proton irradiation induces persistent and tissue-specific DNA methylation changes in the left ventricle and hippocampus. BMC Genomics 2016; 17:273. [PMID: 27036964 PMCID: PMC4815246 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-016-2581-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Proton irradiation poses a potential hazard to astronauts during and following a mission, with post-mitotic cells at most risk because they cannot dilute resultant epigenetic changes via cell division. Persistent epigenetic changes that result from environmental exposures include gains or losses of DNA methylation of cytosine, which can impact gene expression. In the present study, we compared the long-term epigenetic effects of whole body proton irradiation in the mouse hippocampus and left ventricle. We used an unbiased genome-wide DNA methylation study, involving ChIP-seq with antibodies to 5-methylcytosine (5mC) and 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) to identify DNA regions in which methylation levels have changed 22 weeks after a single exposure to proton irradiation. We used DIP-Seq to profile changes in genome-wide DNA methylation and hydroxymethylation following proton irradiation. In addition, we used published RNAseq data to assess whether differentially methylated regions were linked to changes in gene expression. Results The DNA methylation data showed tissue-dependent effects of proton irradiation and revealed significant major pathway changes in response to irradiation that are related to known pathophysiologic processes. Many regions affected in the ventricle mapped to genes involved in cardiovascular function pathways, whereas many regions affected in the hippocampus mapped to genes involved in neuronal functions. In the ventricle, increases in 5hmC were associated with decreases in 5mC. We also observed spatial overlap for regions where both epigenetic marks decreased in the ventricle. In hippocampus, increases in 5hmC were most significantly correlated (spatially) with regions that had increased 5mC, suggesting that deposition of hippocampal 5mC and 5hmC may be mechanistically coupled. Conclusions The results demonstrate long-term changes in DNA methylation patterns following a single proton irradiation, that these changes are tissue specific, and that they map to pathways consistent with tissue specific responses to proton irradiation. Further, the results suggest novel relationships between changes in 5mC and 5hmC. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-016-2581-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soren Impey
- Oregon Stem Cell Center and Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA. .,Department of Cell, Developmental and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA. .,Department of Pediatric, L321, Oregon Health and Science University, 3181SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR, 97239, USA.
| | - Carl Pelz
- Oregon Stem Cell Center and Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Amanuel Tafessu
- Oregon Stem Cell Center and Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Tessa Marzulla
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, L470, Oregon Health and Science University, 3181SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Mitchell S Turker
- Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences and Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Jacob Raber
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, L470, Oregon Health and Science University, 3181SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR, 97239, USA. .,Departments of Neurology and Radiation Medicine, Division of Neuroscience ONPRC, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA. .,Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA.
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7
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O'Shea KS, McInnis MG. Neurodevelopmental origins of bipolar disorder: iPSC models. Mol Cell Neurosci 2015; 73:63-83. [PMID: 26608002 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2015.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2015] [Revised: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Bipolar disorder (BP) is a chronic neuropsychiatric condition characterized by pathological fluctuations in mood from mania to depression. Adoption, twin and family studies have consistently identified a significant hereditary component to BP, yet there is no clear genetic event or consistent neuropathology. BP has been suggested to have a developmental origin, although this hypothesis has been difficult to test since there are no viable neurons or glial cells to analyze, and research has relied largely on postmortem brain, behavioral and imaging studies, or has examined proxy tissues including saliva, olfactory epithelium and blood cells. Neurodevelopmental factors, particularly pathways related to nervous system development, cell migration, extracellular matrix, H3K4 methylation, and calcium signaling have been identified in large gene expression and GWAS studies as altered in BP. Recent advances in stem cell biology, particularly the ability to reprogram adult somatic tissues to a pluripotent state, now make it possible to interrogate these pathways in viable cell models. A number of induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) lines from BP patient and healthy control (C) individuals have been derived in several laboratories, and their ability to form cortical neurons examined. Early studies suggest differences in activity, calcium signaling, blocks to neuronal differentiation, and changes in neuronal, and possibly glial, lineage specification. Initial observations suggest that differentiation of BP patient-derived neurons to dorsal telencephalic derivatives may be impaired, possibly due to alterations in WNT, Hedgehog or Nodal pathway signaling. These investigations strongly support a developmental contribution to BP and identify novel pathways, mechanisms and opportunities for improved treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Sue O'Shea
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, 3051 BSRB, 109 Zina Pitcher PL, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2200, United States; Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, 4250 Plymouth Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5765, United States.
| | - Melvin G McInnis
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, 4250 Plymouth Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5765, United States
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Backlund L, Wei YB, Martinsson L, Melas PA, Liu JJ, Mu N, Östenson CG, Ekström TJ, Schalling M, Lavebratt C. Mood Stabilizers and the Influence on Global Leukocyte DNA Methylation in Bipolar Disorder. MOLECULAR NEUROPSYCHIATRY 2015; 1:76-81. [PMID: 27602359 DOI: 10.1159/000430867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Accepted: 04/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Little is known about the relationship between treatments for bipolar disorder (BD), their therapeutic responses and the DNA methylation status. We investigated whether global DNA methylation levels differ between healthy controls and bipolar patients under different treatments. Global DNA methylation was measured in leukocyte DNA from bipolar patients under lithium monotherapy (n = 29) or combination therapy (n = 32) and from healthy controls (n = 26). Lithium response was assessed using the Alda scale. Lithium in monotherapy was associated with hypomethylation (F = 4.63, p = 0.036). Lithium + valproate showed a hypermethylated pattern compared to lithium alone (F = 7.27, p = 0.011). Lithium response was not associated with DNA methylation levels. These data suggest that the choice of treatment in BD may lead to different levels of global DNA methylation. However, further research is needed to understand its clinical significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Backlund
- Neurogenetics Unit, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Centre for Psychiatric Research and Education, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ya Bin Wei
- Neurogenetics Unit, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lina Martinsson
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Neurogenetics Unit, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Philippe A Melas
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jia Jia Liu
- Neurogenetics Unit, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; School of Nursing, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Ninni Mu
- Neurogenetics Unit, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Claes-Göran Östenson
- Endocrine and Diabetes Unit, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tomas J Ekström
- Neurogenetics Unit, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Martin Schalling
- Neurogenetics Unit, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Catharina Lavebratt
- Neurogenetics Unit, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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9
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Bauer M, Glenn T, Alda M, Andreassen OA, Angelopoulos E, Ardau R, Baethge C, Bauer R, Bellivier F, Belmaker RH, Berk M, Bjella TD, Bossini L, Bersudsky Y, Cheung EYW, Conell J, Del Zompo M, Dodd S, Etain B, Fagiolini A, Frye MA, Fountoulakis KN, Garneau-Fournier J, González-Pinto A, Harima H, Hassel S, Henry C, Iacovides A, Isometsä ET, Kapczinski F, Kliwicki S, König B, Krogh R, Kunz M, Lafer B, Larsen ER, Lewitzka U, Lopez-Jaramillo C, MacQueen G, Manchia M, Marsh W, Martinez-Cengotitabengoa M, Melle I, Monteith S, Morken G, Munoz R, Nery FG, O'Donovan C, Osher Y, Pfennig A, Quiroz D, Ramesar R, Rasgon N, Reif A, Ritter P, Rybakowski JK, Sagduyu K, Scippa ÂM, Severus E, Simhandl C, Stein DJ, Strejilevich S, Sulaiman AH, Suominen K, Tagata H, Tatebayashi Y, Torrent C, Vieta E, Viswanath B, Wanchoo MJ, Zetin M, Whybrow PC. Relationship between sunlight and the age of onset of bipolar disorder: an international multisite study. J Affect Disord 2015; 167:104-11. [PMID: 24953482 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2014.05.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Revised: 05/20/2014] [Accepted: 05/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The onset of bipolar disorder is influenced by the interaction of genetic and environmental factors. We previously found that a large increase in sunlight in springtime was associated with a lower age of onset. This study extends this analysis with more collection sites at diverse locations, and includes family history and polarity of first episode. METHODS Data from 4037 patients with bipolar I disorder were collected at 36 collection sites in 23 countries at latitudes spanning 3.2 north (N) to 63.4 N and 38.2 south (S) of the equator. The age of onset of the first episode, onset location, family history of mood disorders, and polarity of first episode were obtained retrospectively, from patient records and/or direct interview. Solar insolation data were obtained for the onset locations. RESULTS There was a large, significant inverse relationship between maximum monthly increase in solar insolation and age of onset, controlling for the country median age and the birth cohort. The effect was reduced by half if there was no family history. The maximum monthly increase in solar insolation occurred in springtime. The effect was one-third smaller for initial episodes of mania than depression. The largest maximum monthly increase in solar insolation occurred in northern latitudes such as Oslo, Norway, and warm and dry areas such as Los Angeles, California. LIMITATIONS Recall bias for onset and family history data. CONCLUSIONS A large springtime increase in sunlight may have an important influence on the onset of bipolar disorder, especially in those with a family history of mood disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Bauer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Tasha Glenn
- ChronoRecord Association, Fullerton, CA, USA
| | - Martin Alda
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Ole A Andreassen
- NORMENT - K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, Oslo, Norway
| | - Elias Angelopoulos
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Athens Medical School, Eginition Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Raffaella Ardau
- Unit of Clinical Pharmacology, University-Hospital of Cagliari, Sardinia, Italy
| | - Christopher Baethge
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Cologne Medical School, Cologne, Germany
| | - Rita Bauer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität, Dresden, Germany
| | - Frank Bellivier
- Psychiatrie, GH Saint-Louis - Lariboisière - F. Widal, APHP, INSERM UMR-S1144, Faculté de Médecine, Université D. Diderot, Paris, France; FondaMental Fondation, Créteil, France
| | - Robert H Belmaker
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva Mental Health Center, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Michael Berk
- Deparment of Psychiatry, Diego Portales University, Santiago, Chile; Department of Psychiatry, ORYGEN Youth Health Research Centre, Centre for Youth Mental Health, Australia; The Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Thomas D Bjella
- NORMENT - K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, Oslo, Norway
| | - Letizia Bossini
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Department of Mental Health (DAI), University of Siena and University of Siena Medical Center (AOUS), Siena, Italy
| | - Yuly Bersudsky
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva Mental Health Center, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | | | - Jörn Conell
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität, Dresden, Germany
| | - Maria Del Zompo
- Section of Neurosciences and Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Sardinia, Italy
| | - Seetal Dodd
- IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria 3220, Australia; Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Bruno Etain
- AP-HP, Hopitaux Universitaires Henri Mondor and INSERM U955 (IMRB), Université Paris Est, Creteil, France; FondaMental Fondation, Créteil, France
| | - Andrea Fagiolini
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Department of Mental Health (DAI), University of Siena and University of Siena Medical Center (AOUS), Siena, Italy
| | - Mark A Frye
- Department of Psychiatry & Psychology, Mayo Clinic Depression Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Kostas N Fountoulakis
- 3rd Department of Psychiatry, Division of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Jade Garneau-Fournier
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Ana González-Pinto
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Alava, University of the Basque Country, CIBERSAM, Vitoria, Spain
| | - Hirohiko Harima
- Department of Psychiatry, Tokyo Metropolitan Matsuzawa Hospital, Setagaya, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Stefanie Hassel
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Chantal Henry
- AP-HP, Hopitaux Universitaires Henri Mondor and INSERM U955 (IMRB), Université Paris Est, Creteil, France; FondaMental Fondation, Créteil, France
| | - Apostolos Iacovides
- 3rd Department of Psychiatry, Division of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Erkki T Isometsä
- Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland; National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Flávio Kapczinski
- Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Sebastian Kliwicki
- Department of Adult Psychiatry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Barbara König
- BIPOLAR Zentrum Wiener Neustadt, Wiener Neustadt, Austria
| | - Rikke Krogh
- Department of Affective Disorders, Q, Mood Disorders Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark
| | - Mauricio Kunz
- Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Beny Lafer
- Bipolar Disorder Research Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Erik R Larsen
- Department of Affective Disorders, Q, Mood Disorders Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark
| | - Ute Lewitzka
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität, Dresden, Germany
| | - Carlos Lopez-Jaramillo
- Mood Disorders Program, Fundacion San Vicente de Paul, Department of Psychiatry, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Glenda MacQueen
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Mirko Manchia
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Wendy Marsh
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Massachusetts, Worcester, MA, USA
| | | | - Ingrid Melle
- NORMENT - K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, Oslo, Norway
| | - Scott Monteith
- Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, Traverse City Campus, Traverse City, MI, USA
| | - Gunnar Morken
- Department of Neuroscience, NTNU, and St Olavs' University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Rodrigo Munoz
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Fabiano G Nery
- Bipolar Disorder Research Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Claire O'Donovan
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Yamima Osher
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva Mental Health Center, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Andrea Pfennig
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität, Dresden, Germany
| | - Danilo Quiroz
- Deparment of Psychiatry, Diego Portales University, Santiago, Chile
| | - Raj Ramesar
- UCT/MRC Human Genetics Research Unit, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Natalie Rasgon
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Andreas Reif
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Philipp Ritter
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität, Dresden, Germany
| | - Janusz K Rybakowski
- Department of Adult Psychiatry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Kemal Sagduyu
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Missouri Kansas City, School of Medicine, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Ângela M Scippa
- Department of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Emanuel Severus
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität, Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Dan J Stein
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Sergio Strejilevich
- Bipolar Disorder Program, Neuroscience Institute, Favaloro University, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ahmad Hatim Sulaiman
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kirsi Suominen
- City of Helsinki, Department of Social Services and Health Care, Psychiatry, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hiromi Tagata
- Department of Psychiatry, Tokyo Metropolitan Matsuzawa Hospital, Setagaya, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Tatebayashi
- Schizophrenia & Affective Disorders Research Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Seatagaya, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Carla Torrent
- Clinical Institute of Neuroscience, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Eduard Vieta
- Clinical Institute of Neuroscience, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Biju Viswanath
- Department of Psychiatry, NIMHANS, Bangalore 560029, India
| | - Mihir J Wanchoo
- Department of Psychiatry & Psychology, Mayo Clinic Depression Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Mark Zetin
- Department of Psychology, Chapman University, Orange, CA, USA
| | - Peter C Whybrow
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Nagre NN, Subbanna S, Shivakumar M, Psychoyos D, Basavarajappa BS. CB1-receptor knockout neonatal mice are protected against ethanol-induced impairments of DNMT1, DNMT3A, and DNA methylation. J Neurochem 2015; 132:429-442. [PMID: 25487288 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2014] [Revised: 11/25/2014] [Accepted: 11/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The significant consequences of ethanol use during pregnancy are neurobehavioral abnormalities involving hippocampal and neocortex malfunctions that cause learning and memory deficits collectively named fetal alcohol spectrum disorder. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying these abnormalities are still poorly understood and therefore warrant systematic research. Here, we document novel epigenetic abnormalities in the mouse model of fetal alcohol spectrum disorder. Ethanol treatment of P7 mice, which induces activation of caspase 3, impaired DNA methylation through reduced DNA methyltransferases (DNMT1 and DNMT3A) levels. Inhibition of caspase 3 activity, before ethanol treatment, rescued DNMT1, DNMT3A proteins as well as DNA methylation levels. Blockade of histone methyltransferase (G9a) activity or cannabinoid receptor type-1 (CB1R), prior to ethanol treatment, which, respectively, inhibits or prevents activation of caspase 3, rescued the DNMT1 and DNMT3A proteins and DNA methylation. No reduction of DNMT1 and DNMT3A proteins and DNA methylation was found in P7 CB1R null mice, which exhibit no ethanol-induced activation of caspase 3. Together, these data demonstrate that ethanol-induced activation of caspase 3 impairs DNA methylation through DNMT1 and DNMT3A in the neonatal mouse brain, and such impairments are absent in CB1R null mice. Epigenetic events mediated by DNA methylation may be one of the essential mechanisms of ethanol teratogenesis. Schematic mechanism of action by which ethanol impairs DNA methylation. Studies have demonstrated that ethanol has the capacity to bring epigenetic changes to contribute to the development of fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD). However, the mechanisms are not well studied. P7 ethanol induces the activation of caspase 3 and impairs DNA methylation through reduced DNA methyltransferases (DNMT1 and DNMT3A) proteins (→). The inhibition or genetic ablation of cannabinoid receptor type-1 or inhibition of histone methyltransferase (G9a) by Bix (-----) or inhibition of caspase 3 activation by Q- quinoline-Val-Asp(Ome)-CH2-O-phenoxy (Q-VD-OPh) () rescue loss of DNMT1, DNMT3A as well as DNA methylation. Hence, the putative DNMT1/DNMT3A/DNA methylation mechanism may have a potential regulatory role in FASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagaraja N Nagre
- Division of Analytical Psychopharmacology, Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY 10962, USA
| | - Shivakumar Subbanna
- Division of Analytical Psychopharmacology, Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY 10962, USA
| | - Madhu Shivakumar
- Division of Analytical Psychopharmacology, Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY 10962, USA
| | - Delphine Psychoyos
- Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Houston, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Balapal S Basavarajappa
- Division of Analytical Psychopharmacology, Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY 10962, USA.,New York State Psychiatric Institute, College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
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11
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Rasool M, Malik A, Naseer MI, Manan A, Ansari SA, Begum I, Qazi MH, Pushparaj PN, Abuzenadah AM, Al-Qahtani MH, Kamal MA, Natesan Pushparaj P, Gan SH. The role of epigenetics in personalized medicine: challenges and opportunities. BMC Med Genomics 2015; 8 Suppl 1:S5. [PMID: 25951941 PMCID: PMC4315318 DOI: 10.1186/1755-8794-8-s1-s5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic alterations are considered to be very influential in both the normal and disease states of an organism. These alterations include methylation, acetylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitylation of DNA and histone proteins (nucleosomes) as well as chromatin remodeling. Many diseases, such as cancers and neurodegenerative disorders, are often associated with epigenetic alterations. DNA methylation is one important modification that leads to disease. Standard therapies are given to patients; however, few patients respond to these drugs, because of various molecular alterations in their cells, which may be partially due to genetic heterogeneity and epigenetic alterations. To realize the promise of personalized medicine, both genetic and epigenetic diagnostic testing will be required. This review will discuss the advances that have been made as well as the challenges for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmood Rasool
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research (CEGMR), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- KACST Technology Innovation Center in Personalized Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Arif Malik
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, (IMBB), the University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Imran Naseer
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research (CEGMR), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdul Manan
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, (IMBB), the University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Shakeel Ahmed Ansari
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research (CEGMR), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Irshad Begum
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, (IMBB), the University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Mahmood Husain Qazi
- Center for Research in Molecular Medicine (CRiMM), The University of Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Peter Natesan Pushparaj
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research (CEGMR), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Adel M Abuzenadah
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research (CEGMR), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- KACST Technology Innovation Center in Personalized Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Mohammad Amjad Kamal
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Peter Natesan Pushparaj
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research (CEGMR), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Siew Hua Gan
- Human Genome Centre, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
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12
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Fries GR, Vasconcelos-Moreno MP, Gubert C, dos Santos BTMQ, Sartori J, Eisele B, Ferrari P, Fijtman A, Rüegg J, Gassen NC, Kapczinski F, Rein T, Kauer-Sant’Anna M. Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis dysfunction and illness progression in bipolar disorder. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2014; 18:pyu043. [PMID: 25522387 PMCID: PMC4368875 DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyu043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Impaired stress resilience and a dysfunctional hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis are suggested to play key roles in the pathophysiology of illness progression in bipolar disorder (BD), but the mechanisms leading to this dysfunction have never been elucidated. This study aimed to examine HPA axis activity and underlying molecular mechanisms in patients with BD and unaffected siblings of BD patients. METHODS Twenty-four euthymic patients with BD, 18 siblings of BD patients, and 26 healthy controls were recruited for this study. All subjects underwent a dexamethasone suppression test followed by analyses associated with the HPA axis and the glucocorticoid receptor (GR). RESULTS Patients with BD, particularly those at a late stage of illness, presented increased salivary post-dexamethasone cortisol levels when compared to controls (p = 0.015). Accordingly, these patients presented reduced ex vivo GR responsiveness (p = 0.008) and increased basal protein levels of FK506-binding protein 51 (FKBP51, p = 0.012), a co-chaperone known to desensitize GR, in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Moreover, BD patients presented increased methylation at the FK506-binding protein 5 (FKBP5) gene. BD siblings presented significantly lower FKBP51 protein levels than BD patients, even though no differences were found in FKBP5 basal mRNA levels. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that the epigenetic modulation of the FKBP5 gene, along with increased FKBP51 levels, is associated with the GR hyporesponsiveness seen in BD patients. Our findings are consistent with the notion that unaffected first-degree relatives of BD patients share biological factors that influence the disorder, and that such changes are more pronounced in the late stages of the illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Rodrigo Fries
- INCT for Translational Medicine, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil (Drs Fries, Vasconcelos-Moreno, Gubert, dos Santos, Sartori, Eisele, Ferrari, Fijtman, Kapczinski, and Kauer-Sant'Anna); Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil (Drs Fries, Gubert, Kapczinski, and Kauer-Sant'Anna); Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Médicas: Psiquiatria, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil (Drs Vasconcelos-Moreno, Ferrari, Kapczinski, and Kauer-Sant'Anna); Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany (Drs Gassen and Rein); Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (Dr Rüegg).
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13
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Subbanna S, Nagre NN, Umapathy NS, Pace BS, Basavarajappa BS. Ethanol exposure induces neonatal neurodegeneration by enhancing CB1R Exon1 histone H4K8 acetylation and up-regulating CB1R function causing neurobehavioral abnormalities in adult mice. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2014; 18:pyu028. [PMID: 25609594 PMCID: PMC4376538 DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyu028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ethanol exposure to rodents during postnatal day 7 (P7), which is comparable to the third trimester of human pregnancy, induces long-term potentiation and memory deficits. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying these deficits are still poorly understood. METHODS In the present study, we explored the potential role of epigenetic changes at cannabinoid type 1 (CB1R) exon1 and additional CB1R functions, which could promote memory deficits in animal models of fetal alcohol spectrum disorder. RESULTS We found that ethanol treatment of P7 mice enhances acetylation of H4 on lysine 8 (H4K8ace) at CB1R exon1, CB1R binding as well as the CB1R agonist-stimulated GTPγS binding in the hippocampus and neocortex, two brain regions that are vulnerable to ethanol at P7 and are important for memory formation and storage, respectively. We also found that ethanol inhibits cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element-binding protein (CREB) phosphorylation and activity-regulated cytoskeleton-associated protein (Arc) expression in neonatal and adult mice. The blockade or genetic deletion of CB1Rs prior to ethanol treatment at P7 rescued CREB phosphorylation and Arc expression. CB1R knockout mice exhibited neither ethanol-induced neurodegeneration nor inhibition of CREB phosphorylation or Arc expression. However, both neonatal and adult mice did exhibit enhanced CREB phosphorylation and Arc protein expression. P7 ethanol-treated adult mice exhibited impaired spatial and social recognition memory, which were prevented by the pharmacological blockade or deletion of CB1Rs at P7. CONCLUSIONS Together, these findings suggest that P7 ethanol treatment induces CB1R expression through epigenetic modification of the CB1R gene, and that the enhanced CB1R function induces pCREB, Arc, spatial, and social memory deficits in adult mice.
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MESH Headings
- AIDS-Related Complex/metabolism
- Acetylation/drug effects
- Age Factors
- Animals
- Animals, Newborn/metabolism
- Animals, Newborn/psychology
- CREB-Binding Protein/metabolism
- Central Nervous System Depressants/toxicity
- Epigenesis, Genetic/drug effects
- Ethanol/toxicity
- Exons/drug effects
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects
- Hippocampus/drug effects
- Hippocampus/metabolism
- Histones/genetics
- Male
- Memory Disorders/chemically induced
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Neocortex/drug effects
- Neocortex/metabolism
- Neurodegenerative Diseases/chemically induced
- Neurodegenerative Diseases/metabolism
- Neurodegenerative Diseases/psychology
- Phosphorylation/drug effects
- Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1/deficiency
- Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1/drug effects
- Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1/genetics
- Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1/metabolism
- Social Behavior
- Up-Regulation/drug effects
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivakumar Subbanna
- Division of Analytical Psychopharmacology, Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY (Drs Subbanna, Nagre, and Basavarajappa); Vascular Biology Center, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA (Dr Umapathy); Department of Pediatrics, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA (Dr Pace); New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY (Dr Basavarajappa); Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY (Dr Basavarajappa)
| | - Nagaraja N Nagre
- Division of Analytical Psychopharmacology, Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY (Drs Subbanna, Nagre, and Basavarajappa); Vascular Biology Center, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA (Dr Umapathy); Department of Pediatrics, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA (Dr Pace); New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY (Dr Basavarajappa); Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY (Dr Basavarajappa)
| | - Nagavedi S Umapathy
- Division of Analytical Psychopharmacology, Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY (Drs Subbanna, Nagre, and Basavarajappa); Vascular Biology Center, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA (Dr Umapathy); Department of Pediatrics, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA (Dr Pace); New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY (Dr Basavarajappa); Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY (Dr Basavarajappa)
| | - Betty S Pace
- Division of Analytical Psychopharmacology, Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY (Drs Subbanna, Nagre, and Basavarajappa); Vascular Biology Center, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA (Dr Umapathy); Department of Pediatrics, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA (Dr Pace); New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY (Dr Basavarajappa); Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY (Dr Basavarajappa)
| | - Balapal S Basavarajappa
- Division of Analytical Psychopharmacology, Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY (Drs Subbanna, Nagre, and Basavarajappa); Vascular Biology Center, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA (Dr Umapathy); Department of Pediatrics, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA (Dr Pace); New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY (Dr Basavarajappa); Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY (Dr Basavarajappa).
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14
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Greenberg S, Rosenblum KL, McInnis MG, Muzik M. The role of social relationships in bipolar disorder: a review. Psychiatry Res 2014; 219:248-54. [PMID: 24947918 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2014.05.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2013] [Revised: 05/09/2014] [Accepted: 05/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Social relationships and attachment are core developmental elements of human existence and survival that evolve over the lifetime of an individual. The internal and external factors that influence them include the presence of illness in the individual or in their immediate environment. The developmental aspects of attachment and social relationships have become increasingly of interest and relevance in light of early developmental epigenetic modification of gene expression patterns that may influence subsequent behavioral patterns and outcomes. This review examines extant literature on attachment and social relationships in bipolar cohorts. Despite many methodological challenges, the findings indicate that social relationships and capacity for attachment are significantly compromised in individuals with bipolar disorder compared to other mood disorders and normal controls. Though extant research is limited, research clearly points toward the importance of social relationships on the etiology, course, and consequences of bipolar disorder. We highlight a number of key considerations for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Greenberg
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, 4250 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
| | - Katherine L Rosenblum
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, 4250 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
| | - Melvin G McInnis
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, 4250 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
| | - Maria Muzik
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, 4250 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA.
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15
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Scola G, Kim HK, Young LT, Salvador M, Andreazza AC. Lithium reduces the effects of rotenone-induced complex I dysfunction on DNA methylation and hydroxymethylation in rat cortical primary neurons. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2014; 231:4189-98. [PMID: 24777143 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-014-3565-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2014] [Accepted: 03/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Mitochondrial complex I dysfunction and alterations in DNA methylation levels are consistently reported in bipolar disorder (BD) and are regulated by lithium. One of the mechanisms by which lithium may exert its effects in BD is by improving mitochondrial complex I function. Therefore, we examined whether complex I dysfunction induces methylation and hydroxymethylation of DNA and whether lithium alters these effects in rat primary cortical neurons. METHODS Rotenone was used to induce mitochondrial complex I dysfunction. Cell viability was measured by MTT assay, and ATP levels were assessed by Cell-Titer-Glo. Complex I activity was measured using an ELISA-based assay. Apoptosis, DNA methylation, and hydroxymethylation levels were measured by immunocytochemistry. RESULTS Rotenone decreased complex I activity and ATP production, but increased cell death and apoptosis. Rotenone treatment increased levels of 5-methylcytosine (5mc) and hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmc), suggesting a possible association between complex I dysfunction and DNA alterations. Lithium prevented rotenone-induced changes in mitochondrial complex I function, cell death and changes to DNA methylation and hydroxymethylation. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that decreased mitochondrial complex I activity may increase DNA methylation and hydroxymethylation in rat primary cortical neurons and that lithium may prevent these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Scola
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Medical Science Building, Room 4204, 1 king's College Circle, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
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16
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McIntyre RS, Cha DS, Jerrell JM, Swardfager W, Kim RD, Costa LG, Baskaran A, Soczynska JK, Woldeyohannes HO, Mansur RB, Brietzke E, Powell AM, Gallaugher A, Kudlow P, Kaidanovich-Beilin O, Alsuwaidan M. Advancing biomarker research: utilizing 'Big Data' approaches for the characterization and prevention of bipolar disorder. Bipolar Disord 2014; 16:531-47. [PMID: 24330342 DOI: 10.1111/bdi.12162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2012] [Accepted: 10/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To provide a strategic framework for the prevention of bipolar disorder (BD) that incorporates a 'Big Data' approach to risk assessment for BD. METHODS Computerized databases (e.g., Pubmed, PsychInfo, and MedlinePlus) were used to access English-language articles published between 1966 and 2012 with the search terms bipolar disorder, prodrome, 'Big Data', and biomarkers cross-referenced with genomics/genetics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, inflammation, oxidative stress, neurotrophic factors, cytokines, cognition, neurocognition, and neuroimaging. Papers were selected from the initial search if the primary outcome(s) of interest was (were) categorized in any of the following domains: (i) 'omics' (e.g., genomics), (ii) molecular, (iii) neuroimaging, and (iv) neurocognitive. RESULTS The current strategic approach to identifying individuals at risk for BD, with an emphasis on phenotypic information and family history, has insufficient predictive validity and is clinically inadequate. The heterogeneous clinical presentation of BD, as well as its pathoetiological complexity, suggests that it is unlikely that a single biomarker (or an exclusive biomarker approach) will sufficiently augment currently inadequate phenotypic-centric prediction models. We propose a 'Big Data'- bioinformatics approach that integrates vast and complex phenotypic, anamnestic, behavioral, family, and personal 'omics' profiling. Bioinformatic processing approaches, utilizing cloud- and grid-enabled computing, are now capable of analyzing data on the order of tera-, peta-, and exabytes, providing hitherto unheard of opportunities to fundamentally revolutionize how psychiatric disorders are predicted, prevented, and treated. High-throughput networks dedicated to research on, and the treatment of, BD, integrating both adult and younger populations, will be essential to sufficiently enroll adequate samples of individuals across the neurodevelopmental trajectory in studies to enable the characterization and prevention of this heterogeneous disorder. CONCLUSIONS Advances in bioinformatics using a 'Big Data' approach provide an opportunity for novel insights regarding the pathoetiology of BD. The coordinated integration of research centers, inclusive of mixed-age populations, is a promising strategic direction for advancing this line of neuropsychiatric research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger S McIntyre
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Pharmacology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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17
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Subbanna S, Basavarajappa BS. Pre-administration of G9a/GLP inhibitor during synaptogenesis prevents postnatal ethanol-induced LTP deficits and neurobehavioral abnormalities in adult mice. Exp Neurol 2014; 261:34-43. [PMID: 25017367 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2014.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2014] [Revised: 06/10/2014] [Accepted: 07/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
It has been widely accepted that deficits in neuronal plasticity underlie the cognitive abnormalities observed in fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD). Exposure of rodents to acute ethanol on postnatal day 7 (P7), which is equivalent to the third trimester of fetal development in human, induces long-term potentiation (LTP) and memory deficits in adult animals. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying these deficits are not well understood. Recently, we found that histone H3 dimethylation (H3K9me2), which is mediated by G9a (lysine dimethyltransferase), is responsible for the neurodegeneration caused by ethanol exposure in P7 mice. In addition, pharmacological inhibition of G9a prior to ethanol treatment at P7 normalized H3K9me2 proteins to basal levels and prevented neurodegeneration in neonatal mice. Here, we tested the hypothesis that pre-administration of G9a/GLP inhibitor (Bix-01294, Bix) in conditions in which ethanol induces neurodegeneration would be neuroprotective against P7 ethanol-induced deficits in LTP, memory and social recognition behavior in adult mice. Ethanol treatment at P7 induces deficits in LTP, memory and social recognition in adult mice and these deficits were prevented by Bix pretreatment at P7. Together, these findings provide physiological and behavioral evidence that the long-term harmful consequences on brain function after ethanol exposure with a third trimester equivalent have an epigenetic origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivakumar Subbanna
- Division of Analytical Psychopharmacology, Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY 10962, USA
| | - Balapal S Basavarajappa
- Division of Analytical Psychopharmacology, Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY 10962, USA; New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.
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Strauss JS, Khare T, De Luca V, Jeremian R, Kennedy JL, Vincent JB, Petronis A. Quantitative leukocyte BDNF promoter methylation analysis in bipolar disorder. Int J Bipolar Disord 2013; 1:28. [PMID: 25505691 PMCID: PMC4215812 DOI: 10.1186/2194-7511-1-28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2013] [Accepted: 12/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Bipolar disorder (BD) is a complex psychiatric phenotype with a high heritability and a multifactorial etiology. Multisite collaborative efforts using genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified only a portion of DNA sequence-based risk factors in BD. In addition to predisposing DNA sequence variants, epigenetic misregulation may play an etiological role in BD and account for monozygotic twin discordance, parental origin effects, and fluctuating course of BD. In this study, we investigated DNA methylation of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) gene in BD. Methods Fifty participants with BD were compared to the same number of age- and sex-matched controls for DNA methylation differences at BDNF promoters 3 and 5. DNA methylation reads were obtained using a mass spectrophotometer for 64 cytosine-guanine (CpG) sites in 36 CpG ‘units’ across three amplicons of BDNF promoters 3 and 5. Results and Discussion Methylation fractions differed between BD participants and controls for 11 of 36 CpG units. Five CpG units, mostly in promoter 5, remained significant after false discovery rate correction (FDR) (p values ≤ 0.004) with medium to large effect sizes (Cohen's d ≥ 0.61). Several of the significant CpGs overlapped with or were immediately adjacent to transcription factor binding sites (TFBSs) - including two of the FDR-significant CpG units in promoter 5. For the CpGs in promoter 3, there was a positive and significant correlation between age at sample collection and DNA methylation fraction (rho = 0.56, p = 2.8 ×10−5) in BD cases, but not in controls. Statistically significant differences in mean methylation fraction at 5/36 CpG units (after FDR), some at or immediately adjacent to TFBSs, suggest possible relevance for the current findings to BD etiopathogenesis. The positive correlation between age and methylation seen in promoter 3 is consistent with age-related decline in BDNF expression previously reported. Future studies should provide more exhaustive epigenetic study of the BDNF locus to better characterize the relationship between BDNF methylation differences and BD. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/2194-7511-1-28) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- John S Strauss
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M6J1H4 Canada
| | - Tarang Khare
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M6J1H4 Canada
| | - Vincenzo De Luca
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M6J1H4 Canada
| | - Richie Jeremian
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M6J1H4 Canada
| | - James L Kennedy
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M6J1H4 Canada
| | - John B Vincent
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M6J1H4 Canada
| | - Arturas Petronis
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M6J1H4 Canada
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Subbanna S, Nagre NN, Shivakumar M, Umapathy NS, Psychoyos D, Basavarajappa BS. Ethanol induced acetylation of histone at G9a exon1 and G9a-mediated histone H3 dimethylation leads to neurodegeneration in neonatal mice. Neuroscience 2013; 258:422-32. [PMID: 24300108 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2013.11.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2013] [Revised: 11/19/2013] [Accepted: 11/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The transient exposure of immature rodents to ethanol during postnatal day 7 (P7), comparable to a time point within the third trimester of human pregnancy, induces neurodegeneration. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the deleterious effects of ethanol on the developing brain are poorly understood. In our previous study, we showed that a high dose administration of ethanol at P7 enhances G9a and leads to caspase-3-mediated degradation of dimethylated H3 on lysine 9 (H3K9me2). In this study, we investigated the potential role of epigenetic changes at G9a exon1, G9a-mediated H3 dimethylation on neurodegeneration and G9a-associated proteins in the P7 brain following exposure to a low dose of ethanol. We found that a low dose of ethanol induces mild neurodegeneration in P7 mice, enhances specific acetylation of H3 on lysine 14 (H3K14ace) at G9a exon1, G9a protein levels, augments the dimethylation of H3K9 and H3 lysine 27 (H3K27me2). However, neither dimethylated H3K9 nor K27 underwent degradation. Pharmacological inhibition of G9a activity prior to ethanol treatment prevented H3 dimethylation and neurodegeneration. Further, our immunoprecipitation data suggest that G9a directly associates with DNA methyltransferase (DNMT3A) and methyl-CpG-binding protein 2 (MeCP2). In addition, DNMT3A and MeCP2 protein levels were enhanced by a low dose of ethanol that was shown to induce mild neurodegeneration. Collectively, these epigenetic alterations lead to association of G9a, DNMT3A and MeCP2 to form a larger repressive complex and have a significant role in low-dose ethanol-induced neurodegeneration in the developing brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Subbanna
- Division of Analytical Psychopharmacology, Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY 10962, USA
| | - N N Nagre
- Division of Analytical Psychopharmacology, Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY 10962, USA
| | - M Shivakumar
- Division of Analytical Psychopharmacology, Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY 10962, USA
| | - N S Umapathy
- Vascular Biology Center, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - D Psychoyos
- Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Houston, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - B S Basavarajappa
- Division of Analytical Psychopharmacology, Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY 10962, USA; New York State Psychiatric Institute, College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.
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20
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Gamazon ER, Badner JA, Cheng L, Zhang C, Zhang D, Cox NJ, Gershon ES, Kelsoe JR, Greenwood TA, Nievergelt CM, Chen C, McKinney R, Shilling PD, Schork NJ, Smith EN, Bloss CS, Nurnberger JI, Edenberg HJ, Foroud T, Koller DL, Scheftner WA, Coryell W, Rice J, Lawson WB, Nwulia EA, Hipolito M, Byerley W, McMahon FJ, Schulze TG, Berrettini WH, Potash JB, Zandi PP, Mahon PB, McInnis MG, Zöllner S, Zhang P, Craig DW, Szelinger S, Barrett TB, Liu C. Enrichment of cis-regulatory gene expression SNPs and methylation quantitative trait loci among bipolar disorder susceptibility variants. Mol Psychiatry 2013; 18:340-6. [PMID: 22212596 PMCID: PMC3601550 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2011.174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
We conducted a systematic study of top susceptibility variants from a genome-wide association (GWA) study of bipolar disorder to gain insight into the functional consequences of genetic variation influencing disease risk. We report here the results of experiments to explore the effects of these susceptibility variants on DNA methylation and mRNA expression in human cerebellum samples. Among the top susceptibility variants, we identified an enrichment of cis regulatory loci on mRNA expression (eQTLs), and a significant excess of quantitative trait loci for DNA CpG methylation, hereafter referred to as methylation quantitative trait loci (mQTLs). Bipolar disorder susceptibility variants that cis regulate both cerebellar expression and methylation of the same gene are a very small proportion of bipolar disorder susceptibility variants. This finding suggests that mQTLs and eQTLs provide orthogonal ways of functionally annotating genetic variation within the context of studies of pathophysiology in brain. No lymphocyte mQTL enrichment was found, suggesting that mQTL enrichment was specific to the cerebellum, in contrast to eQTLs. Separately, we found that using mQTL information to restrict the number of single-nucleotide polymorphisms studied enhances our ability to detect a significant association. With this restriction a priori informed by the observed functional enrichment, we identified a significant association (rs12618769, P(bonferroni)<0.05) from two other GWA studies (TGen+GAIN; 2191 cases and 1434 controls) of bipolar disorder, which we replicated in an independent GWA study (WTCCC). Collectively, our findings highlight the importance of integrating functional annotation of genetic variants for gene expression and DNA methylation to advance the biological understanding of bipolar disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- ER Gamazon
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - JA Badner
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - L Cheng
- Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Human Genetics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - C Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Human Genetics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - D Zhang
- School of Medicine, University of Zhejiang, Hanzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - NJ Cox
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - ES Gershon
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - JR Kelsoe
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - TA Greenwood
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - CM Nievergelt
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - C Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Human Genetics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - R McKinney
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - PD Shilling
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - NJ Schork
- Scripps Genomic Medicine and Scripps Translational Science Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - EN Smith
- Scripps Genomic Medicine and Scripps Translational Science Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - CS Bloss
- Scripps Genomic Medicine and Scripps Translational Science Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - JI Nurnberger
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - HJ Edenberg
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - T Foroud
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - DL Koller
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - WA Scheftner
- Department of Psychiatry, Rush University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - W Coryell
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - J Rice
- Division of Biostatistics, Washington University, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - WB Lawson
- Department of Psychiatry, Howard University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - EA Nwulia
- Department of Psychiatry, Howard University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - M Hipolito
- Department of Psychiatry, Howard University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - W Byerley
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - FJ McMahon
- Genetic Basis of Mood and Anxiety Disorders Unit, National Institute of Mental Health Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - TG Schulze
- Genetic Basis of Mood and Anxiety Disorders Unit, National Institute of Mental Health Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA,Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Mannheim, Germany
| | - WH Berrettini
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - JB Potash
- Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - PP Zandi
- Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - PB Mahon
- Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - MG McInnis
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - S Zöllner
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - P Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - DW Craig
- Neurogenomics Division, The Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - S Szelinger
- Neurogenomics Division, The Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - TB Barrett
- Department of Psychiatry, Portland VA Medical Center, Portland, OR, USA
| | - C Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Human Genetics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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21
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Subbanna S, Shivakumar M, Umapathy NS, Saito M, Mohan PS, Kumar A, Nixon RA, Verin AD, Psychoyos D, Basavarajappa BS. G9a-mediated histone methylation regulates ethanol-induced neurodegeneration in the neonatal mouse brain. Neurobiol Dis 2013; 54:475-85. [PMID: 23396011 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2013.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2012] [Revised: 01/10/2013] [Accepted: 01/30/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Rodent exposure to binge-like ethanol during postnatal day 7 (P7), which is comparable to the third trimester of human pregnancy, induces neuronal cell loss. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying these neuronal losses are still poorly understood. Here, we tested the possibility of histone methylation mediated by G9a (lysine dimethyltransferase) in regulating neuronal apoptosis in P7 mice exposed to ethanol. G9a protein expression, which is higher during embryogenesis and synaptogenic period compared to adult brain, is entirely confined to the cell nuclei in the developing brain. We found that ethanol treatment at P7, which induces apoptotic neurodegeneration in neonatal mice, enhanced G9a activity followed by increased histone H3 lysine 9 (H3K9me2) and 27 (H3K27me2) dimethylation. In addition, it appears that increased dimethylation of H3K9 makes it susceptible to proteolytic degradation by caspase-3 in conditions in which ethanol induces neurodegeneration. Further, pharmacological inhibition of G9a activity prior to ethanol treatment at P7 normalized H3K9me2, H3K27me2 and total H3 proteins to basal levels and prevented neurodegeneration in neonatal mice. Together, these data demonstrate that G9a mediated histone H3K9 and K27 dimethylation critically regulates ethanol-induced neurodegeneration in the developing brain. Furthermore, these findings reveal a novel link between G9a and neurodegeneration in the developing brain exposed to postnatal ethanol and may have a role in fetal alcohol spectrum disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivakumar Subbanna
- Division of Analytical Psychopharmacology, Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY 10962, USA
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22
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Harris RA, Nagy-Szakal D, Kellermayer R. Human metastable epiallele candidates link to common disorders. Epigenetics 2013; 8:157-63. [PMID: 23321599 PMCID: PMC3592901 DOI: 10.4161/epi.23438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastable epialleles (MEs) are mammalian genomic loci where epigenetic patterning occurs before gastrulation in a stochastic fashion leading to systematic interindividual variation within one species. Importantly, periconceptual nutritional influences may modulate the establishment of epigenetic changes, such as DNA methylation at MEs. Based on these characteristics, we exploited Infinium HumanMethylation450 BeadChip kits in a 2-tissue parallel screen on peripheral blood leukocyte and colonic mucosal DNA from 10 children without identifiable large intestinal disease. This approach led to the delineation of 1776 CpG sites meeting our criteria for MEs, which associated with 1013 genes. The list of ME candidates exhibited overlaps with recently identified human genes (including CYP2E1 and MGMT, where methylation has been associated with Parkinson disease and glioblastoma, respectively) in which perinatal DNA methylation levels where linked to maternal periconceptual nutrition. One hundred 18 (11.6%) of the ME candidates overlapped with genes where DNA methylation correlated (r > 0.871; p < 0.055) with expression in the colon mucosa of 5 independent control children. Genes involved in homophilic cell adhesion (including cadherin-associated genes) and developmental processes were significantly overrepresented in association with MEs. Additional filtering of gene expression-correlated MEs defined 35 genes, associated with 2 or more CpG sites within a 10 kb genomic region, fulfilling the ME criteria. DNA methylation changes at a number of these genes have been linked to various forms of human disease, including cancers, such as asthma and acute myeloid leukemia (ALOX12), gastric cancer (EBF3), breast cancer (NAV1), colon cancer and acute lymphoid leukemia (KCNK15), Wilms tumor (protocadherin gene cluster; PCDHAs) and colorectal cancer (TCERG1L), suggesting a potential etiologic role for MEs in tumorigenesis and underscoring the possible developmental origins of these malignancies. The presented compendium of ME candidates may accelerate our understanding of the epigenetic origins of common human disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Alan Harris
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
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23
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Bostrom JA, Sodhi M. A Look to the Future. Pharmacogenomics 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-391918-2.00016-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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24
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Munkholm K, Vinberg M, Berk M, Kessing LV. State-related alterations of gene expression in bipolar disorder: a systematic review. Bipolar Disord 2012; 14:684-96. [PMID: 23043691 DOI: 10.1111/bdi.12005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Alterations in gene expression in bipolar disorder have been found in numerous studies. It is unclear whether such alterations are related to specific mood states. As a biphasic disorder, mood state-related alterations in gene expression have the potential to point to markers of disease activity, and trait-related alterations might indicate vulnerability pathways. This review therefore evaluated the evidence for whether gene expression in bipolar disorder is state or trait related. METHODS A systematic review, using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guideline for reporting systematic reviews, based on comprehensive database searches for studies on gene expression in patients with bipolar disorder in specific mood states, was conducted. We searched Medline, Embase, PsycINFO, and The Cochrane Library, supplemented by manually searching reference lists from retrieved publications. RESULTS A total of 17 studies were included, comprising 565 patients and 418 control individuals. Six studies evaluated intraindividual alterations in gene expression across mood states. Two of five studies found evidence of intraindividual alterations in gene expression between a depressed state and a euthymic state. No studies evaluated intraindividual differences in gene expression between a manic state and a euthymic state, while only one case study evaluated differences between a manic state and a depressed state, finding altered expression in seven genes. No study investigated intraindividual variations in gene expression between a euthymic state and multiple states of various polarities (depressive, manic, hypomanic). Intraindividual alterations in expression of the same genes were not investigated across studies. Only one gene (the brain-derived neurotrophic factor gene; BDNF) was investigated across multiple studies, showing no alteration between bipolar disorder patients and control individuals. CONCLUSIONS There is evidence of some genes exhibiting state-related alterations in expression in bipolar disorder; however, this finding is limited by the lack of replication across studies. Further prospective studies are warranted, measuring gene expression in various affective phases, allowing for assessment of intraindividual differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaus Munkholm
- Psychiatric Center Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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25
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Block ML, Elder A, Auten RL, Bilbo SD, Chen H, Chen JC, Cory-Slechta DA, Costa D, Diaz-Sanchez D, Dorman DC, Gold DR, Gray K, Jeng HA, Kaufman JD, Kleinman MT, Kirshner A, Lawler C, Miller DS, Nadadur SS, Ritz B, Semmens EO, Tonelli LH, Veronesi B, Wright RO, Wright RJ. The outdoor air pollution and brain health workshop. Neurotoxicology 2012; 33:972-84. [PMID: 22981845 PMCID: PMC3726250 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2012.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 354] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2012] [Revised: 08/15/2012] [Accepted: 08/30/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that outdoor air pollution may have a significant impact on central nervous system (CNS) health and disease. To address this issue, the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences/National Institute of Health convened a panel of research scientists that was assigned the task of identifying research gaps and priority goals essential for advancing this growing field and addressing an emerging human health concern. Here, we review recent findings that have established the effects of inhaled air pollutants in the brain, explore the potential mechanisms driving these phenomena, and discuss the recommended research priorities/approaches that were identified by the panel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle L Block
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Virginia Commonwealth University Medical Campus, Richmond, VA, USA.
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26
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Possible involvement of histone acetylation in the development of emotional resistance to stress stimuli in mice. Behav Brain Res 2012; 235:318-25. [PMID: 22963996 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2012.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2012] [Revised: 08/03/2012] [Accepted: 08/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Recent reports have implied that aberrant biochemical processes in the brain frequently accompany subtle shifts in the cellular epigenetic profile that might underlie the pathogenic progression of psychiatric disorders. Furthermore, certain antidepressants or mood stabilizers have been reported to have the ability to modulate epigenetic parameters. We previously reported that pretreatment of mice with 5-HT(1A) receptor agonists 24 h before testing suppressed the decrease in emotional behaviors induced by exposure to acute restraint stress. Based on this finding, the aim of the present study was to examine the association between the development of emotional resistance to stress stimuli and the modulation of an epigenetic parameter, particularly histone acetylation. We found that acetylated histone H3 was increased in the hippocampus of mice that had developed resistance to emotional stress by pretreatment with flesinoxan (1 mg/kg, i.p.) 24 h before testing. On the other hand, pretreatment with benzodiazepine anxiolytic diazepam (1 mg/kg, i.p.) did not have similar effects. Interestingly, similar to flesinoxan, the histone deacetylase inhibitor trichostatin A also protected against the emotional changes induced by acute restraint stress, as well as histone H3 acetylation. The present findings suggest that the epigenetic mechanisms of gene regulation may play an important role in the development of emotional resistance to stress stimuli.
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27
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Kaminsky Z, Tochigi M, Jia P, Pal M, Mill J, Kwan A, Ioshikhes I, Vincent JB, Kennedy JL, Strauss J, Pai S, Wang SC, Petronis A. A multi-tissue analysis identifies HLA complex group 9 gene methylation differences in bipolar disorder. Mol Psychiatry 2012; 17:728-40. [PMID: 21647149 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2011.64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Epigenetic studies of DNA and histone modifications represent a new and important activity in molecular investigations of human disease. Our previous epigenome-wide scan identified numerous DNA methylation differences in post-mortem brain samples from individuals affected with major psychosis. In this article, we present the results of fine mapping DNA methylation differences at the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) complex group 9 gene (HCG9) in bipolar disorder (BPD). Sodium bisulfite conversion coupled with pyrosequencing was used to interrogate 28 CpGs spanning ∼700 bp region of HCG9 in 1402 DNA samples from post-mortem brains, peripheral blood cells and germline (sperm) of bipolar disease patients and controls. The analysis of nearly 40 000 CpGs revealed complex relationships between DNA methylation and age, medication as well as DNA sequence variation (rs1128306). Two brain tissue cohorts exhibited lower DNA methylation in bipolar disease patients compared with controls at an extended HCG9 region (P=0.026). Logistic regression modeling of BPD as a function of rs1128306 genotype, age and DNA methylation uncovered an independent effect of DNA methylation in white blood cells (odds ratio (OR)=1.08, P=0.0077) and the overall sample (OR=1.24, P=0.0011). Receiver operating characteristic curve A prime statistics estimated a 69-72% probability of correct BPD prediction from a case vs control pool. Finally, sperm DNA demonstrated a significant association (P=0.018) with BPD at one of the regions demonstrating epigenetic changes in the post-mortem brain and peripheral blood samples. The consistent multi-tissue epigenetic differences at HCG9 argue for a causal association with BPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Kaminsky
- The Krembil Family Epigenetics Laboratory, Neuroscience Department, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
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28
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D'Addario C, Dell'Osso B, Palazzo MC, Benatti B, Lietti L, Cattaneo E, Galimberti D, Fenoglio C, Cortini F, Scarpini E, Arosio B, Di Francesco A, Di Benedetto M, Romualdi P, Candeletti S, Mari D, Bergamaschini L, Bresolin N, Maccarrone M, Altamura AC. Selective DNA methylation of BDNF promoter in bipolar disorder: differences among patients with BDI and BDII. Neuropsychopharmacology 2012; 37:1647-55. [PMID: 22353757 PMCID: PMC3358733 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2012.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2011] [Revised: 12/21/2011] [Accepted: 12/23/2011] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The etiology of bipolar disorder (BD) is still poorly understood, involving genetic and epigenetic mechanisms as well as environmental contributions. This study aimed to investigate the degree of DNA methylation at the promoter region of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) gene, as one of the candidate genes associated with major psychoses, in peripheral blood mononuclear cells isolated from 94 patients with BD (BD I=49, BD II=45) and 52 healthy controls. A significant BDNF gene expression downregulation was observed in BD II 0.53±0.11%; P<0.05), but not in BD I (1.13±0.19%) patients compared with controls (CONT: 1±0.2%). Consistently, an hypermethylation of the BDNF promoter region was specifically found in BD II patients (CONT: 24.0±2.1%; BDI: 20.4±1.7%; BDII: 33.3±3.5%, P<0.05). Of note, higher levels of DNA methylation were observed in BD subjects on pharmacological treatment with mood stabilizers plus antidepressants (34.6±4.2%, predominantly BD II) compared with those exclusively on mood-stabilizing agents (21.7±1.8%; P<0.01, predominantly BD I). Moreover, among the different pharmacological therapies, lithium (20.1±3.8%, P<0.05) and valproate (23.6±2.9%, P<0.05) were associated with a significant reduction of DNA methylation compared with other drugs (35.6±4.6%). Present findings suggest selective changes in DNA methylation of BDNF promoter in subjects with BD type II and highlight the importance of epigenetic factors in mediating the onset and/or susceptibility to BD, providing new insight into the mechanisms of gene expression. Moreover, they shed light on possible mechanisms of action of mood-stabilizing compounds vs antidepressants in the treatment of BD, pointing out that BDNF regulation might be a key target for their effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio D'Addario
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - Bernardo Dell'Osso
- Department of Clinical Psychiatry, Università degli Studi di Milano, Fondazione IRRCS Cà Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Department of Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, Milano, Italy
| | - Maria Carlotta Palazzo
- Department of Clinical Psychiatry, Università degli Studi di Milano, Fondazione IRRCS Cà Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Department of Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, Milano, Italy
| | - Beatrice Benatti
- Department of Clinical Psychiatry, Università degli Studi di Milano, Fondazione IRRCS Cà Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Department of Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, Milano, Italy
| | - Licia Lietti
- Department of Clinical Psychiatry, Università degli Studi di Milano, Fondazione IRRCS Cà Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Department of Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, Milano, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Cattaneo
- Department of Clinical Psychiatry, Università degli Studi di Milano, Fondazione IRRCS Cà Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Department of Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, Milano, Italy
| | - Daniela Galimberti
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Centro Dino Ferrari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Fondazione IRRCS Cà Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Department of Neurology, Milano, Italy
| | - Chiara Fenoglio
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Centro Dino Ferrari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Fondazione IRRCS Cà Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Department of Neurology, Milano, Italy
| | - Francesca Cortini
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Centro Dino Ferrari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Fondazione IRRCS Cà Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Department of Neurology, Milano, Italy
| | - Elio Scarpini
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Centro Dino Ferrari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Fondazione IRRCS Cà Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Department of Neurology, Milano, Italy
| | - Beatrice Arosio
- Geriatric Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Osp Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milano, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | - Daniela Mari
- Geriatric Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Osp Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milano, Italy
| | | | - Nereo Bresolin
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Centro Dino Ferrari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Fondazione IRRCS Cà Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Department of Neurology, Milano, Italy
| | - Mauro Maccarrone
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
- European Center for Brain Research (CERC)/Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - A Carlo Altamura
- Department of Clinical Psychiatry, Università degli Studi di Milano, Fondazione IRRCS Cà Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Department of Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, Milano, Italy
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Pidsley R, Mill J. Epigenetic studies of psychosis: current findings, methodological approaches, and implications for postmortem research. Biol Psychiatry 2011; 69:146-56. [PMID: 20510393 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2010.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2009] [Revised: 03/24/2010] [Accepted: 03/25/2010] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
It has been widely speculated that epigenetic changes may play a role in the etiology of psychotic illnesses such as schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Epigenetics is the study of mitotically heritable, but reversible, changes in gene expression that occur without a change in the genomic DNA sequence, brought about principally through alterations in DNA methylation and chromatin structure. Although numerous studies have examined psychosis-associated gene expression changes in postmortem brain samples, epigenetic studies of psychosis are in their infancy. In this article, we discuss methodologic and logistic issues related to epigenomic studies using postmortem brain tissue, before discussing the future implications of such research for our understanding of psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Pidsley
- Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, United Kingdom
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30
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Lisowski P, Juszczak GR, Goscik J, Wieczorek M, Zwierzchowski L, Swiergiel AH. Effect of chronic mild stress on hippocampal transcriptome in mice selected for high and low stress-induced analgesia and displaying different emotional behaviors. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2011; 21:45-62. [PMID: 20961740 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2010.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2010] [Revised: 08/13/2010] [Accepted: 08/18/2010] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
There is increasing evidence that mood disorders may derive from the impact of environmental pressure on genetically susceptible individuals. Stress-induced hippocampal plasticity has been implicated in depression. We studied hippocampal transcriptomes in strains of mice that display high (HA) and low (LA) swim stress-induced analgesia and that differ in emotional behaviors and responses to different classes of antidepressants. Chronic mild stress (CMS) affected expression of a number of genes common for both strains. CMS also produced strain specific changes in expression suggesting that hippocampal responses to stress depend on genotype. Considerably larger number of genes, biological processes, molecular functions, biochemical pathways, and gene networks were affected by CMS in LA than in HA mice. The results suggest that potential drug targets against detrimental effects of stress include glutamate transporters, and cholinergic, cholecystokinin (CCK), glucocorticoids, and thyroid hormones receptors. Furthermore, some biological processes evoked by stress and different between the strains, such as apoptosis, neurogenesis and chromatin modifications, may be responsible for the long-term, irreversible effects of stress and suggest a role for epigenetic regulation of mood related stress responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pawel Lisowski
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzebiec, Poland
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31
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Affiliation(s)
- Husseini K. Manji
- Johnson and Johnson Pharmaceutical Research and Development, 1125 Trenton-Harbourton Road, E32000, Titusville, NJ, USA
| | - Ioline D. Henter
- Mood and Anxiety Disorders Program, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, MSC-1026, Bldg. 10, Rm. B1D43, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Carlos A. Zarate
- Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Mark O. Hatfield Clinical Research Center, 10 Center Dr., Unit 7 SE, Rm 7-3465, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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32
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Bredy TW, Sun YE, Kobor MS. How the epigenome contributes to the development of psychiatric disorders. Dev Psychobiol 2010; 52:331-42. [PMID: 20127889 DOI: 10.1002/dev.20424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Epigenetics commonly refers to the developmental process by which cellular traits are established and inherited without a change in DNA sequence. These mechanisms of cellular memory also orchestrate gene expression in the adult brain and recent evidence suggests that the "epigenome" represents a critical interface between environmental signals, activation, repression and maintenance of genomic responses, and persistent behavior. We here review the current state of knowledge regarding the contribution of the epigenome toward the development of psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy W Bredy
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QC 4072, Australia.
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33
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Perisic T, Zimmermann N, Kirmeier T, Asmus M, Tuorto F, Uhr M, Holsboer F, Rein T, Zschocke J. Valproate and amitriptyline exert common and divergent influences on global and gene promoter-specific chromatin modifications in rat primary astrocytes. Neuropsychopharmacology 2010; 35:792-805. [PMID: 19924110 PMCID: PMC3055607 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2009.188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2009] [Revised: 10/22/2009] [Accepted: 10/22/2009] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Aberrant biochemical processes in the brain frequently go along with subtle shifts of the cellular epigenetic profile that might support the pathogenic progression of psychiatric disorders. Although recent reports have implied the ability of certain antidepressants and mood stabilizers to modulate epigenetic parameters, studies comparing the actions of these compounds under the same conditions are lacking. In this study, we screened amitriptyline (AMI), venlafaxine, citalopram, as well as valproic acid (VPA), carbamazepine, and lamotrigine for their potential actions on global and local epigenetic modifications in rat primary astrocytes. Among all drugs, VPA exposure evoked the strongest global chromatin modifications, including histone H3/H4 hyperacetylation, 2MeH3K9 hypomethylation, and DNA demethylation, as determined by western blot and luminometric methylation analysis, respectively. CpG demethylation occurred independently of DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) suppression. Strikingly, AMI also induced slight cytosine demethylation, paralleled by the reduction in DNMT enzymatic activity, without affecting the global histone acetylation status. Locally, VPA-induced chromatin modifications were reflected at the glutamate transporter (GLT-1) promoter as shown by bisulfite sequencing and acetylated histone H4 chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis. Distinct CpG sites in the distal part of the GLT-1 promoter were demethylated and enriched in acetylated histone H4 in response to VPA. For the first time, we could show that these changes were associated with an enhanced transcription of this astrocyte-specific gene. In contrast, AMI failed to stimulate GLT-1 transcription and to alter promoter methylation levels. In conclusion, VPA and AMI globally exerted chromatin-modulating activities using different mechanisms that divergently precipitated at an astroglial gene locus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatjana Perisic
- Chaperone Research Group, Max-Planck-Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Bavaria, Germany
| | - Nicole Zimmermann
- Chaperone Research Group, Max-Planck-Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Bavaria, Germany
| | - Thomas Kirmeier
- Chaperone Research Group, Max-Planck-Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Bavaria, Germany
| | - Maria Asmus
- Pharmacogenetics Group, Max-Planck-Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Bavaria, Germany
| | - Francesca Tuorto
- Division of Epigenetics, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics ‘A. Buzzati-Traverso', CNR, Naples, Italy
| | - Manfred Uhr
- Pharmacogenetics Group, Max-Planck-Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Bavaria, Germany
| | - Florian Holsboer
- Chaperone Research Group, Max-Planck-Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Bavaria, Germany
- Pharmacogenetics Group, Max-Planck-Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Bavaria, Germany
| | - Theo Rein
- Chaperone Research Group, Max-Planck-Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Bavaria, Germany
| | - Jürgen Zschocke
- Chaperone Research Group, Max-Planck-Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Bavaria, Germany
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Chrysanthou-Piterou M, Havaki S, Alevizos V, Papadimitriou GN, Issidorides MR. Chromatin ultrastructural abnormalities in leukocytes, as peripheral markers of bipolar patients. Ultrastruct Pathol 2010; 33:197-208. [PMID: 19895292 DOI: 10.3109/01913120903288579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the ultrastructural conformation changes of the chromatin in blood leukocytes of bipolar patients, versus normal controls, by using the phosphotungstic acid-hematoxylin (PTAH) block-staining method, modified for electron microscopy, and the immunohistochemical localization of the histone H1, by the immunogold method. These two methods are basically complementary. If histone H1 immunolabeling is used, it shows that the immunogold labeling on chromatin is different in the three phases of the illness, i.e., high in normothymia and low in depression as well as in mania. However, in this particular tissue fixation (4% paraformaldehyde-1% glutaraldehyde in 0,1 M phosphate buffer), the heterochromatin in the nuclei remains identical in the three phases of the illness. On the other hand, the PTAH method shows exactly the area of electron-lucent condensed chromatin, separate from the area of electron-dense, decondensed, chromatin. The present data confirmed that both the clinical state of depression as well as that of mania display activated lymphocytes and neutrophils with their characteristic relaxed de-condensed chromatin. On the contrary, the state of normothymia shows a reversion to the condensed state of the chromatin, as it is observed in the leukocytes of the normal controls. The ultrastructural conformations of the chromatin, revealed by the PTAH method, in combination with the histone H1 immunogold labeling, applied in blood leukocytes, supports the use of these two methods, as screening methods of choice in investigating blood biological markers in mental illness.
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Haque FN, Gottesman II, Wong AHC. Not really identical: epigenetic differences in monozygotic twins and implications for twin studies in psychiatry. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS PART C-SEMINARS IN MEDICAL GENETICS 2009; 151C:136-41. [PMID: 19378334 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.c.30206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Classical twin studies in the field of psychiatry generally fall into one of two categories: (1) those designed to identify environmental risk factors causing discordance in monozygotic (MZ) twins and (2) those geared towards identifying genetic risk factors. However, neither environment nor differences in DNA sequence can fully account for phenotypic discordance among MZ twins. The field of epigenetics--DNA modifications that can affect gene expression--offers new models to understand discordance in MZ twins. In the past, MZ twins were regarded as genetically-identical controls for differing environmental conditions. In contrast, the evolving current concept is that epigenetic differences between MZ twins may modulate differences in diverse phenotype, from disease to personality. In this article, we review some twin studies, and discuss the dynamic interactions between stochastic, environmental, and epigenetic variables that influence neurobiological phenotypes.
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37
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Abstract
Ethanol is a classic teratogen capable of inducing a wide range of developmental abnormalities. Studies in animal models suggest that differences in timing and dosage underlie this variability, with three particularly important developmental periods: preconception, preimplantation, and gastrulation. These periods of teratogenesis correlate with peak periods of epigenetic reprogramming which, together with the evidence that ethanol interferes with one-carbon metabolism, DNA methylation, histone modifications, and noncoding RNA, suggests an important role for epigenetic mechanisms in the etiology of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASDs). In addition to a number of testable hypotheses, an epigenetic model suggests that the concept of a "fetal alcohol spectrum" should be expanded to include "preconceptional effects." This proposal has important public health implications, highlighting the urgency of research into the epigenetic basis of FASDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip C Haycock
- Division of Human Genetics, University of the Witwatersrand and National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa.
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38
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Docherty S, Mill J. Epigenetic mechanisms as mediators of environmental risks for psychiatric disorders. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mppsy.2008.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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39
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Pedrosa E, Stefanescu R, Margolis B, Petruolo O, Lo Y, Nolan K, Novak T, Stopkova P, Lachman HM. Analysis of protocadherin alpha gene enhancer polymorphism in bipolar disorder and schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 2008; 102:210-9. [PMID: 18508241 PMCID: PMC2862380 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2008.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2008] [Revised: 04/07/2008] [Accepted: 04/10/2008] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cadherins and protocadherins are cell adhesion proteins that play an important role in neuronal migration, differentiation and synaptogenesis, properties that make them targets to consider in schizophrenia (SZ) and bipolar disorder (BD) pathogenesis. Consequently, allelic variation occurring in protocadherin and cadherin encoding genes that map to regions of the genome targeted in SZ and BD linkage studies are particularly strong candidates to consider. One such set of candidate genes is the 5q31-linked PCDH family, which consists of more than 50 exons encoding three related, though distinct family members--alpha, beta, and gamma--which can generate thousands of different protocadherin proteins through alternative promoter usage and cis-alternative splicing. In this study, we focused on a SNP, rs31745, which is located in a putative PCDHalpha enhancer mapped by ChIP-chip using antibodies to covalently modified histone H3. A striking increase in homozygotes for the minor allele at this locus was detected in patients with BD. Molecular analysis revealed that the SNP causes allele-specific changes in binding to a brain protein. The findings suggest that the 5q31-linked PCDH locus should be more thoroughly considered as a disease-susceptibility locus in psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Pedrosa
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Division of Basic Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Radu Stefanescu
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Division of Basic Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Benjamin Margolis
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Division of Basic Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Oriana Petruolo
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Division of Basic Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Yungtai Lo
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine
| | - Karen Nolan
- Department of Psychiatry, Nathan Kline Institute, Orangeburg, New York
| | - Tomas Novak
- Prague Psychiatric Center, Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | - Herbert M. Lachman
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Division of Basic Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
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40
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Rosa A, Picchioni MM, Kalidindi S, Loat CS, Knight J, Toulopoulou T, Vonk R, van der Schot AC, Nolen W, Kahn RS, McGuffin P, Murray RM, Craig IW. Differential methylation of the X-chromosome is a possible source of discordance for bipolar disorder female monozygotic twins. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2008; 147B:459-62. [PMID: 17955481 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.30616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Monozygotic (MZ) twins may be subject to epigenetic modifications that could result in different patterns of gene expression. Several lines of evidence suggest that epigenetic factors may underlie mental disorders such as bipolar disorder (BD) and schizophrenia (SZ). One important epigenetic modification, of relevance to female MZ twins, is X-chromosome inactivation. Some MZ female twin pairs are discordant for monogenic X linked disorders because of differential X inactivation. We postulated that similar mechanisms may also occur in disorders with more complex inheritance including BD and SZ. Examination of X-chromosome inactivation patterns in DNA samples from blood and/or buccal swabs in a series of 63 female MZ twin pairs concordant or discordant for BD or SZ and healthy MZ controls suggests a potential contribution from X-linked loci to discordance within twin pairs for BD but is inconclusive for SZ. Discordant female bipolar twins showed greater differences in the methylation of the maternal and paternal X alleles than concordant twin pairs and suggest that differential skewing of X-chromosome inactivation may contribute to the discordance observed for bipolar disorder in female MZ twin pairs and the potential involvement of X-linked loci in the disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Araceli Rosa
- Division of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK
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41
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Analysis of protocadherin alpha gene deletion variant in bipolar disorder and schizophrenia. Psychiatr Genet 2008; 18:110-5. [DOI: 10.1097/ypg.0b013e3282fa1838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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42
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Kuratomi G, Iwamoto K, Bundo M, Kusumi I, Kato N, Iwata N, Ozaki N, Kato T. Aberrant DNA methylation associated with bipolar disorder identified from discordant monozygotic twins. Mol Psychiatry 2008; 13:429-41. [PMID: 17471289 DOI: 10.1038/sj.mp.4002001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
To search DNA methylation difference between monozygotic twins discordant for bipolar disorder, we applied a comprehensive genome scan method, methylation-sensitive representational difference analysis (MS-RDA) to lymphoblastoid cells derived from the twins. MS-RDA isolated 10 DNA fragments derived from 5' region of known genes/ESTs. Among these 10 regions, four regions showed DNA methylation differences between bipolar twin and control co-twin confirmed by bisulfite sequencing. We performed a case-control study of DNA methylation status of these four regions by pyrosequencing. Two regions, upstream regions of spermine synthase (SMS) and peptidylprolyl isomerase E-like (PPIEL) (CN265253), showed aberrant DNA methylation status in bipolar disorder. SMS, a gene on X chromosome, showed significantly higher DNA methylation level in female patients with bipolar disorder compared with control females. However, there was no difference of mRNA expression. In PPIEL, DNA methylation level was significantly lower in patients with bipolar II disorder than in controls. The expression level of PPIEL was significantly higher in bipolar II disorder than in controls. We found strong inverse correlation between gene expression and DNA methylation levels of PPIEL. These results suggest that altered DNA methylation statuses of PPIEL might have some significance in pathophysiology of bipolar disorder..
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Affiliation(s)
- G Kuratomi
- Laboratory for Molecular Dynamics of Mental Disorders, Brain Science Institute, RIKEN, Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, Japan
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43
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Turgut G, Kurt E, Sengul C, Alatas G, Kursunluoglu R, Oral T, Turgut S, Herken H. Association of MDR1 C3435T polymorphism with bipolar disorder in patients treated with valproic acid. Mol Biol Rep 2007; 36:495-9. [PMID: 18165917 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-007-9206-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2007] [Accepted: 12/19/2007] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
P-glycoprotein (P-gp), an efflux transporter protein, is an ABC transporter encoded by the multidrug resistance 1 gene (MDR1, ABCB1). The common synonymous C3435T polymorphism in exon 26 is reported to associate with lower P-gp functional expression and drug uptake. Many extended pharmacogenomics, functional, and complex disease association studies focused mainly on this polymorphism. We investigated the association of exon 26 C3435T genetic variants of MDR1 gene with susceptibility to bipolar disorder and serum valproic acid concentration. Totally, 104 patients meeting DSM-IV criteria for bipolar disorder and 169 controls were admitted to the study. There was statistically significant difference between the genotypes of bipolar patients (CT 91.2%, TT 6.8%, and CC 2%) and controls (CT 52.7%, TT 26%, CC 21.3%) although their allelic distribution was similar. The serum valproic acid concentrations of the patients with CT, TT and CC genotypes were 72.92 +/- 20.55, 80.47 +/- 14.01 and 68.29 +/- 12.17 microg/ml, respectively, and there was no significant difference between the C3435T genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunfer Turgut
- Department of Physiology, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey
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44
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Mulle JG, Fallin MD, Lasseter VK, McGrath JA, Wolyniec PS, Pulver AE. Dense SNP association study for bipolar I disorder on chromosome 18p11 suggests two loci with excess paternal transmission. Mol Psychiatry 2007; 12:367-75. [PMID: 17389904 DOI: 10.1038/sj.mp.4001916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Parent-of-origin effects have been implicated as mediators of genetic susceptibility for a number of complex disease phenotypes, including bipolar disorder. Specifically, evidence for linkage on chromosome 18 is modified when allelic parent-of-origin is accommodated in the analysis. Our goal was to characterize the susceptibility locus for bipolar I disorder on chromosome 18p11 and investigate this parent-of-origin hypothesis in an association context. This was achieved by genotyping single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at a high density (1 SNP/5 kb) along 13.6 megabases of the linkage region. To increase our ability to detect a susceptibility locus, we restricted the phenotype definition to include only bipolar I probands. We also restricted our study population to Ashkenazi Jewish individuals; this population has characteristics of a genetic isolate and may therefore facilitate detection of variants for complex disease. Three hundred and forty-four pedigrees (363 parent/child trios) where probands were affected with bipolar 1 disorder were genotyped. Transmission disequilibrium test analysis revealed no statistically significant association to SNPs or haplotypes within this region in this sample. However, when parent-of-origin of transmitted SNPs was taken into account, suggestive association was revealed for two separate loci.
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Affiliation(s)
- J G Mulle
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
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45
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Weidman JR, Dolinoy DC, Murphy SK, Jirtle RL. Cancer Susceptibility: Epigenetic Manifestation of Environmental Exposures. Cancer J 2007; 13:9-16. [PMID: 17464241 DOI: 10.1097/ppo.0b013e31803c71f2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is a disease that results from both genetic and epigenetic changes. Discordant phenotypes and varying incidences of complex diseases such as cancer in monozygotic twins as well as genetically identical laboratory animals have long been attributed to differences in environmental exposures. Accumulating evidence indicates, however, that disparities in gene expression resulting from variable modifications in DNA methylation and chromatin structure in response to the environment also play a role in differential susceptibility to disease. Despite a growing consensus on the importance of epigenetics in the etiology of chronic human diseases, the genes most prone to epigenetic dysregulation are incompletely defined. Moreover, neither the environmental agents most strongly affecting the epigenome nor the critical windows of vulnerability to environmentally induced epigenetic alterations are adequately characterized. These major deficits in knowledge markedly impair our ability to understand fully the etiology of cancer and the importance of the epigenome in diagnosing and preventing this devastating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer R Weidman
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
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46
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Vickaryous N, Whitelaw E. The role of early embryonic environment on epigenotype and phenotype. Reprod Fertil Dev 2006; 17:335-40. [PMID: 15745641 DOI: 10.1071/rd04133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2004] [Accepted: 01/11/2005] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The influence of epigenetic modifications to the genome on the phenotype of the adult organism is now a tractable problem in biology. This has come about through the development of methods that enable us to study the methylation state of the DNA and the packaging of the chromatin at specific gene loci. It is becoming clear that early embryogenesis is a critical period for the establishment of the epigenotype. Furthermore, it appears that this process is sensitive to environmental conditions. This is a concern in light of the increasing use of artificial reproductive technologies throughout the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Vickaryous
- School of Molecular and Microbial Biosciences, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
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47
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Ryan MM, Lockstone HE, Huffaker SJ, Wayland MT, Webster MJ, Bahn S. Gene expression analysis of bipolar disorder reveals downregulation of the ubiquitin cycle and alterations in synaptic genes. Mol Psychiatry 2006; 11:965-78. [PMID: 16894394 DOI: 10.1038/sj.mp.4001875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Bipolar affective disorder is a severe psychiatric disorder with a strong genetic component but unknown pathophysiology. We used microarray technology to determine the expression of approximately 22,000 mRNA transcripts in post-mortem tissue from two brain regions in patients with bipolar disorder and matched healthy controls. Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex tissue from a cohort of 70 subjects and orbitofrontal cortex tissue from a separate cohort of 30 subjects was investigated. The final analysis included 30 bipolar and 31 control subjects for the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and 10 bipolar and 11 control subjects for the orbitofrontal cortex. Differences between disease and control groups were identified using a rigorous statistical analysis with correction for confounding variables and multiple testing. In the orbitofrontal cortex, 393 differentially expressed transcripts were identified by microarray analysis and a representative subset was validated by quantitative real-time PCR. Pathway analysis revealed significant upregulation of genes involved in G-protein coupled receptor signalling and response to stimulus (in particular the immune response), while genes relating to the ubiquitin cycle and intracellular transport showed coordinated downregulation in bipolar disorder. Additionally, several genes involved in synaptic function were significantly downregulated in bipolar disorder. No significant changes in gene expression were observed in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex using microarray analysis or quantitative real-time PCR. Our findings implicate the orbitofrontal cortex as a region prominently involved in bipolar disorder and indicate that diverse processes are affected. Overall, our results suggest that dysregulation of the ubiquitin pathway and synaptic function may be central to the disease process.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Ryan
- Cambridge Centre for Neuropsychiatric Research, Institute of Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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Badcock C, Crespi B. Imbalanced genomic imprinting in brain development: an evolutionary basis for the aetiology of autism. J Evol Biol 2006; 19:1007-32. [PMID: 16780503 DOI: 10.1111/j.1420-9101.2006.01091.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
We describe a new hypothesis for the development of autism, that it is driven by imbalances in brain development involving enhanced effects of paternally expressed imprinted genes, deficits of effects from maternally expressed genes, or both. This hypothesis is supported by: (1) the strong genomic-imprinting component to the genetic and developmental mechanisms of autism, Angelman syndrome, Rett syndrome and Turner syndrome; (2) the core behavioural features of autism, such as self-focused behaviour, altered social interactions and language, and enhanced spatial and mechanistic cognition and abilities, and (3) the degree to which relevant brain functions and structures are altered in autism and related disorders. The imprinted brain theory of autism has important implications for understanding the genetic, epigenetic, neurological and cognitive bases of autism, as ultimately due to imbalances in the outcomes of intragenomic conflict between effects of maternally vs. paternally expressed genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Badcock
- Department of Sociology, London School of Economics, London, UK
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49
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Pinsonneault JK, Papp AC, Sadée W. Allelic mRNA expression of X-linked monoamine oxidase a (MAOA) in human brain: dissection of epigenetic and genetic factors. Hum Mol Genet 2006; 15:2636-49. [PMID: 16893905 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddl192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A pVNTR repeat polymorphism located in the promoter region of the X-linked MAOA gene has been associated with mental disorders. To explore the effect of polymorphisms and epigenetic factors on mRNA expression, we have measured allelic expression imbalance (AEI) in female human brain tissue, employing two frequent marker single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in exon 8 (T890G) and exon 14 (C1409T) of MAOA. This approach compares one allele against the other in the same subject. AEI ratios ranged from 0.3 to 4 in prefrontal cortex, demonstrating the presence of strong cis-acting factors in mRNA expression. Analysis of CpG methylation in the MAOA promoter region revealed substantial methylation in females but not in males. MAOA methylation ratios for the three- and four-repeat pVNTR alleles of MAOA did not correlate with X-chromosome inactivation ratios, determined at the X-linked androgen receptor locus, suggesting an alternative process of dosage compensation in females. The extent of allelic MAOA methylation was highly variable and correlated with AEI (R2=0.5 and 0.7 at two CpG loci), indicating that CpG methylation regulates gene expression. Genetic factors appeared also to contribute to the AEI ratios. Genotyping of 13 MAOA polymorphisms in female subjects showed strong association with a haplotype block spanning from the pVNTR to the marker SNP. Therefore, allelic mRNA expression is affected by genetic and epigenetic events, both with the potential to modulate biogenic amine tone in the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia K Pinsonneault
- Department of Pharmacology, Program in Pharmacogenomics, College of Medicine and Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus 43210, USA.
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50
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Hu VW, Frank BC, Heine S, Lee NH, Quackenbush J. Gene expression profiling of lymphoblastoid cell lines from monozygotic twins discordant in severity of autism reveals differential regulation of neurologically relevant genes. BMC Genomics 2006; 7:118. [PMID: 16709250 PMCID: PMC1525191 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-7-118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2006] [Accepted: 05/18/2006] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The autism spectrum encompasses a set of complex multigenic developmental disorders that severely impact the development of language, non-verbal communication, and social skills, and are associated with odd, stereotyped, repetitive behavior and restricted interests. To date, diagnosis of these neurologically based disorders relies predominantly upon behavioral observations often prompted by delayed speech or aberrant behavior, and there are no known genes that can serve as definitive biomarkers for the disorders. Results Here we demonstrate, for the first time, that lymphoblastoid cell lines from monozygotic twins discordant with respect to severity of autism and/or language impairment exhibit differential gene expression patterns on DNA microarrays. Furthermore, we show that genes important to the development, structure, and/or function of the nervous system are among the most differentially expressed genes, and that many of these genes map closely in silico to chromosomal regions containing previously reported autism candidate genes or quantitative trait loci. Conclusion Our results provide evidence that novel candidate genes for autism may be differentially expressed in lymphoid cell lines from individuals with autism spectrum disorders. This finding further suggests the possibility of developing a molecular screen for autism based on expressed biomarkers in peripheral blood lymphocytes, an easily accessible tissue. In addition, gene networks are identified that may play a role in the pathophysiology of autism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie W Hu
- The George Washington University Medical Center, Dept. of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 2300 Eye St., N.W. Washington, DC 20037, USA
| | - Bryan C Frank
- The Institute for Genomic Research, 9715 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Shannon Heine
- The George Washington University Medical Center, Dept. of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 2300 Eye St., N.W. Washington, DC 20037, USA
| | - Norman H Lee
- The Institute for Genomic Research, 9715 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - John Quackenbush
- The George Washington University Medical Center, Dept. of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 2300 Eye St., N.W. Washington, DC 20037, USA
- The Institute for Genomic Research, 9715 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
- The Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, 44 Binney St. Boston, MA 02115, USA
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