1
|
Kumar R. Transition-Metal-Catalyzed 1,2-Diaminations of Olefins: Synthetic Methodologies and Mechanistic Studies. Chem Asian J 2024; 19:e202300705. [PMID: 37743249 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202300705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
1,2-Diamines are synthetically important motifs in organo-catalysis, natural products, and drug research. Continuous utilization of transition-metal based catalyst in direct 1,2-diamination of olefines, in contrast to metal-free transformations, with numerous impressive advances made in recent years (2015-2023). This review summarized contemporary research on the transition-metal catalyzed/mediated [e. g., Cu(II), Pd(II), Fe(II), Rh(III), Ir(III), and Co(II)] 1,2-diamination (asymmetric and non-asymmetric) especially emphasizing the recent synthetic methodologies and mechanistic understandings. Moreover, up-to-date discussion on (i) paramount role of oxidant and catalyst (ii) key achievements (iii) generality and uniqueness, (iv) synthetic limitations or future challenges, and (v) future opportunities are summarized related to this potential area.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ravinder Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, MMEC, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana, Ambala, 133207, Haryana, INDIA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Lv XY, Abrams R, Martin R. Copper-Catalyzed C(sp 3 )-Amination of Ketone-Derived Dihydroquinazolinones by Aromatization-Driven C-C Bond Scission. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202217386. [PMID: 36576703 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202217386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we describe the development of a copper-catalyzed C(sp3 )-amination of proaromatic dihydroquinazolinones derived from ketones. The reaction is enabled by the intermediacy of open-shell species arising from homolytic C-C bond-cleavage driven by aromatization. The protocol is characterized by its operational simplicity and generality, including chemical diversification of advanced intermediates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Yang Lv
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007, Tarragona, Spain.,Departament de Química Analítica i Química Orgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, c/Marcel⋅lí Domingo, 1, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Roman Abrams
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Ruben Martin
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007, Tarragona, Spain.,Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Passeig Lluïs Companys, 23, 08010, Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ibni Hashim I, Tzouras NV, Janssens W, Scattolin T, Bourda L, Bhandary S, Van Hecke K, Nolan SP, Cazin CSJ. Synthesis of Carbene‐Metal‐Amido (CMA) Complexes and Their Use as Precatalysts for the Activator‐Free, Gold‐Catalyzed Addition of Carboxylic Acids to Alkynes. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202201224. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202201224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ishfaq Ibni Hashim
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Sustainable Chemistry Ghent University Krijgslaan 281,S-3 9000 Ghent Belgium
| | - Nikolaos V. Tzouras
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Sustainable Chemistry Ghent University Krijgslaan 281,S-3 9000 Ghent Belgium
| | - Wim Janssens
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Sustainable Chemistry Ghent University Krijgslaan 281,S-3 9000 Ghent Belgium
| | - Thomas Scattolin
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche Università degli Studi di Padova Via Marzolo 1 35131 Padova Italy
| | - Laurens Bourda
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Sustainable Chemistry Ghent University Krijgslaan 281,S-3 9000 Ghent Belgium
| | - Subhrajyoti Bhandary
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Sustainable Chemistry Ghent University Krijgslaan 281,S-3 9000 Ghent Belgium
| | - Kristof Van Hecke
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Sustainable Chemistry Ghent University Krijgslaan 281,S-3 9000 Ghent Belgium
| | - Steven P. Nolan
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Sustainable Chemistry Ghent University Krijgslaan 281,S-3 9000 Ghent Belgium
| | - Catherine S. J. Cazin
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Sustainable Chemistry Ghent University Krijgslaan 281,S-3 9000 Ghent Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ghosh SK, Hu M, Comito R. One-Pot Synthesis of Primary and Secondary Aliphatic Amines via Mild and Selective sp3 C-H Imination. Chemistry 2021; 27:17601-17608. [PMID: 34387903 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202102627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The direct replacement of sp3 C-H bonds with simple amine units (-NH2) remains synthetically challenging, although primary aliphatic amines are ubiquitous in medicinal chemistry and natural product synthesis. We report a mild and selective protocol for preparing primary and secondary aliphatic amines in a single pot, based on intermolecular sp3 C-H imination. The first C-H imination of diverse alkanes, this method shows useful site-selectivity within substrates bearing multiple sp3 C-H bonds. Furthermore, this reaction tolerates polar functional groups relevant for complex molecule synthesis, highlighted in the synthesis of amine pharmaceuticals and amination of natural products. We characterize a unique C-H imination mechanism based on radical rebound to an iminyl radical, supported by kinetic isotope effects, stereoablation, resubmission, and computational modeling. This work constitutes a selective method for complex amine synthesis and a new mechanistic platform for C-H amination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Subrata K Ghosh
- University of Houston, Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, 3585 Cullen Boulevard, Room 112, 77204-5003, Houston, UNITED STATES
| | - Mengnan Hu
- University of Houston, Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, 3585 Cullen Boulevard, Room 112, 77204-5003, Houstonn, UNITED STATES
| | - Robert Comito
- University of Houston, Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, 3585 Cullen Boulevard, Room 112, 77204-5003, Houston, UNITED STATES
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Tzouras NV, Martynova EA, Ma X, Scattolin T, Hupp B, Busen H, Saab M, Zhang Z, Falivene L, Pisanò G, Van Hecke K, Cavallo L, Cazin CSJ, Steffen A, Nolan SP. Simple Synthetic Routes to Carbene-M-Amido (M=Cu, Ag, Au) Complexes for Luminescence and Photocatalysis Applications. Chemistry 2021; 27:11904-11911. [PMID: 34038002 PMCID: PMC8456869 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202101476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The development of novel and operationally simple synthetic routes to carbene‐metal‐amido (CMA) complexes of copper, silver and gold relevant for photonic applications are reported. A mild base and sustainable solvents allow all reactions to be conducted in air and at room temperature, leading to high yields of the targeted compounds even on multigram scales. The effect of various mild bases on the N−H metallation was studied in silico and experimentally, while a mechanochemical, solvent‐free synthetic approach was also developed. Our photophysical studies on [M(NHC)(Cbz)] (Cbz=carbazolyl) indicate that the occurrence of fluorescent or phosphorescent states is determined primarily by the metal, providing control over the excited state properties. Consequently, we demonstrate the potential of the new CMAs beyond luminescence applications by employing a selected CMA as a photocatalyst. The exemplified synthetic ease is expected to accelerate the applications of CMAs in photocatalysis and materials chemistry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos V Tzouras
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Sustainable Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281,S-3, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ekaterina A Martynova
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Sustainable Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281,S-3, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Xinyuan Ma
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Sustainable Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281,S-3, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Thomas Scattolin
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Sustainable Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281,S-3, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Benjamin Hupp
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, Otto-Hahn-Str. 6, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Hendrik Busen
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, Otto-Hahn-Str. 6, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Marina Saab
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Sustainable Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281,S-3, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ziyun Zhang
- KAUST Catalysis Center, Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Laura Falivene
- KAUST Catalysis Center, Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gianmarco Pisanò
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Sustainable Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281,S-3, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kristof Van Hecke
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Sustainable Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281,S-3, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Luigi Cavallo
- KAUST Catalysis Center, Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Catherine S J Cazin
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Sustainable Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281,S-3, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Andreas Steffen
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, Otto-Hahn-Str. 6, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Steven P Nolan
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Sustainable Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281,S-3, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Nozawa‐Kumada K, Saga S, Matsuzawa Y, Hayashi M, Shigeno M, Kondo Y. Copper‐Catalyzed Oxidative Benzylic C(sp
3
)−H Cyclization for the Synthesis of β‐Lactams. Chemistry 2020; 26:4496-4499. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201905777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kanako Nozawa‐Kumada
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical ScienceTohoku University Aoba, Sendai 980-8578 Japan
| | - Satoshi Saga
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical ScienceTohoku University Aoba, Sendai 980-8578 Japan
| | - Yuta Matsuzawa
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical ScienceTohoku University Aoba, Sendai 980-8578 Japan
| | - Masahito Hayashi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical ScienceTohoku University Aoba, Sendai 980-8578 Japan
| | - Masanori Shigeno
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical ScienceTohoku University Aoba, Sendai 980-8578 Japan
| | - Yoshinori Kondo
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical ScienceTohoku University Aoba, Sendai 980-8578 Japan
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Affiliation(s)
- Dirk Leifert
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Corrensstraße 40 48149 Münster Deutschland
| | - Armido Studer
- Key Laboratory of Coal to Ethylene Glycol and Its Related Technology State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter Chinese Academy of Sciences 155 Yangqiao Road West Fuzhou Fujian 350002 P. R. China
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Corrensstraße 40 48149 Münster Deutschland
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Leifert D, Studer A. The Persistent Radical Effect in Organic Synthesis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 59:74-108. [PMID: 31116479 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201903726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 398] [Impact Index Per Article: 79.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Radical-radical couplings are mostly nearly diffusion-controlled processes. Therefore, the selective cross-coupling of two different radicals is challenging and not a synthetically valuable transformation. However, if the radicals have different lifetimes and if they are generated at equal rates, cross-coupling will become the dominant process. This high cross-selectivity is based on a kinetic phenomenon called the persistent radical effect (PRE). In this Review, an explanation of the PRE supported by simulations of simple model systems is provided. Radical stabilities are discussed within the context of their lifetimes, and various examples of PRE-mediated radical-radical couplings in synthesis are summarized. It is shown that the PRE is not restricted to the coupling of a persistent with a transient radical. If one coupling partner is longer-lived than the other transient radical, the PRE operates and high cross-selectivity is achieved. This important point expands the scope of PRE-mediated radical chemistry. The Review is divided into two parts, namely 1) the coupling of persistent or longer-lived organic radicals and 2) "radical-metal crossover reactions"; here, metal-centered radical species and more generally longer-lived transition-metal complexes that are able to react with radicals are discussed-a field that has flourished recently.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dirk Leifert
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Corrensstraße 40, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Armido Studer
- Key Laboratory of Coal to Ethylene Glycol and Its Related Technology, State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 155 Yangqiao Road West, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, P. R. China.,Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Corrensstraße 40, 48149, Münster, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Lei J, Yang Y, Peng L, Wu L, Peng P, Qiu R, Chen Y, Au C, Yin S. Copper‐Catalyzed Oxidative C(sp3)−H/N−H Cross‐Coupling of Hydrocarbons with P(O)−NH Compounds: the Accelerating Effect Induced by Carboxylic Acid Coproduct. Adv Synth Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201801694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Materials Science and EngineeringHunan University Changsha 410082 People's Republic of China
| | - Yincai Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Materials Science and EngineeringHunan University Changsha 410082 People's Republic of China
| | - Lingteng Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Materials Science and EngineeringHunan University Changsha 410082 People's Republic of China
| | - Lesong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Materials Science and EngineeringHunan University Changsha 410082 People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Materials Science and EngineeringHunan University Changsha 410082 People's Republic of China
| | - Renhua Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Materials Science and EngineeringHunan University Changsha 410082 People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Chen
- School of MedicineHunan University of Chinese Medicine Changsha 410208 People's Republic of China
| | - Chak‐Tong Au
- College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringHunan Institute of Engineering Xiangtan 411104, Hunan People's Republic of China
| | - Shuang‐Feng Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Materials Science and EngineeringHunan University Changsha 410082 People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Yu H, Hu B, Huang H. Nickel-Catalyzed Alkylarylation of Activated Alkenes with Benzyl-amines via C-N Bond Activation. Chemistry 2018. [PMID: 29517114 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201800543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
A nickel-catalyzed alkylarylation of active alkenes with tertiary benzylamines was achieved by charge-transfer-complex promoted C-N bond activation. The reaction proceeded through initial Ni-catalyzed C-N bond activation, followed by sequential radical addition, redox and proton abstraction with cleaved amine moiety in the absence of oxidant, and provides an efficient method to prepare various alkyl-substituted oxindoles and dihydroquinolinones in good yields.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Yu
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, P.R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P.R. China
| | - Bin Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, P.R. China
| | - Hanmin Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, P.R. China.,Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, University of Science and Technology of China, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230026, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Wang CS, Wu XF, Dixneuf PH, Soulé JF. Copper-Catalyzed Oxidative Dehydrogenative C(sp 3 )-H Bond Amination of (Cyclo)Alkanes using NH-Heterocycles as Amine Sources. CHEMSUSCHEM 2017; 10:3075-3082. [PMID: 28612980 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201700783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A copper-catalyzed oxidative C(sp3 )-H/N-H coupling of NH-heterocycles with affordable (cyclo)alkanes has been developed. This procedure involves C(sp3 )-N bond formation through a radical pathway generated by homolytic cleavage of di-tert-butyl peroxide and trapping of the radical(s) by copper catalysts. The reaction tolerates a series of functional groups, such as bromo, fluoro, ester, ketone, nitrile, methyl, and methoxy. free-NH-containing indoles, pyrroles, pyrazoles, indazoles, and benzotriazoles are successfully N-alkylated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Sheng Wang
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, UMR 6226 CNRS-Université de Rennes, "Organométalliques: Matériaux et Catalyse", Campus de Beaulieu, 35042, Rennes, France
| | - Xiao-Feng Wu
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V., Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 29a, 18059, Rostock, Germany
| | - Pierre H Dixneuf
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, UMR 6226 CNRS-Université de Rennes, "Organométalliques: Matériaux et Catalyse", Campus de Beaulieu, 35042, Rennes, France
| | - Jean-François Soulé
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, UMR 6226 CNRS-Université de Rennes, "Organométalliques: Matériaux et Catalyse", Campus de Beaulieu, 35042, Rennes, France
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Sakamoto R, Sakurai S, Maruoka K. Alkylsilyl Peroxides as Alkylating Agents in the Copper-Catalyzed Selective Mono-N
-Alkylation of Primary Amides and Arylamines. Chemistry 2017; 23:9030-9033. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201702217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryu Sakamoto
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Science; Kyoto University; Sakyo Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
| | - Shunya Sakurai
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Science; Kyoto University; Sakyo Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
| | - Keiji Maruoka
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Science; Kyoto University; Sakyo Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Rodríguez-Lugo RE, de Bruin B, Trincado M, Grützmacher H. A Stable Aminyl Radical Coordinated to Cobalt. Chemistry 2017; 23:6795-6802. [PMID: 28164405 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201605624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A family of cobalt complexes bearing the trop2 NH [bis(5-H-dibenzo[a,d]cyclohepten-5-yl)-amine] and 2,2'-bpy (2,2'-bipyridine) chelate ligands were prepared and fully characterized. The compounds [Co(trop2 N)(bpy)], [Co(trop2 NH)(bpy)]+ , and [Co(trop2 N)(bpy)]+ are cobalt complexes interrelated by one-electron redox processes and/or proton transfer. Two limiting resonance structures can be used to describe the paramagnetic complex [Co(trop2 N)(bpy)]+ : [CoII (trop2 N- )(bpy)]+ (CoII amido) and [CoI (trop2 N⋅ )(bpy)]+ (CoI -aminyl radical). Structural data, DFT calculations, and reactivity toward H-abstraction indicate a slightly higher contribution of the aminyl radical form to the ground state of [Co(trop2 N)(bpy)]+ . The results described here complete the series of Group 9 metal aminyl radical complexes bearing the diolefin amine ligand trop2 NH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rafael E Rodríguez-Lugo
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland.,Current address: Centro de Química, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas (IVIC), Altos de Pipe, 1020-A, Caracas, Venezuela.,Current address: Departamento de Química, Universidad Simón Bolívar (USB), Valle de Sartenejas, 1080-A, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Bas de Bruin
- Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, Universiteit van Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Monica Trincado
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Hansjörg Grützmacher
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Grelier G, Rey-Rodriguez R, Darses B, Retailleau P, Dauban P. Catalytic Intramolecular C(sp3
)-H Amination of Carbamimidates. European J Org Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201700263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gwendal Grelier
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles; CNRS UPR 2301; Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay; 1, av. de la Terrasse 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette France
| | - Romain Rey-Rodriguez
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles; CNRS UPR 2301; Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay; 1, av. de la Terrasse 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette France
| | - Benjamin Darses
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles; CNRS UPR 2301; Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay; 1, av. de la Terrasse 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette France
| | - Pascal Retailleau
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles; CNRS UPR 2301; Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay; 1, av. de la Terrasse 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette France
| | - Philippe Dauban
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles; CNRS UPR 2301; Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay; 1, av. de la Terrasse 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette France
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Mudaliar SS, Shaikh MM, Chikhalia KH. An Efficient Synthetic Strategy for sp3
(C)-N Amination on 4-thiazolidinone with Primary Heteroaryl Amines. ChemistrySelect 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201601950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sulochana S. Mudaliar
- Department of Chemistry; School of Science; Gujarat University; Ahmedabad 380009, Gujarat India
| | - Mohammedumar M. Shaikh
- Department of Chemistry; School of Science; Gujarat University; Ahmedabad 380009, Gujarat India
| | - Kishor H. Chikhalia
- Department of Chemistry; School of Science; Gujarat University; Ahmedabad 380009, Gujarat India
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Cundari TR. Methane Manifesto: A Theorist’s Perspective on Catalytic Light Alkane Functionalization. COMMENT INORG CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/02603594.2016.1242487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas R. Cundari
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas, USA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Wagner CL, Tao L, Thompson EJ, Stich TA, Guo J, Fettinger JC, Berben LA, Britt RD, Nagase S, Power PP. Dispersion‐Force‐Assisted Disproportionation: A Stable Two‐Coordinate Copper(II) Complex. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201605061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Clifton L. Wagner
- Department of Chemistry University of California, Davis One Shield Avenue Davis CA 95616 USA
| | - Lizhi Tao
- Department of Chemistry University of California, Davis One Shield Avenue Davis CA 95616 USA
| | - Emily J. Thompson
- Department of Chemistry University of California, Davis One Shield Avenue Davis CA 95616 USA
| | - Troy A. Stich
- Department of Chemistry University of California, Davis One Shield Avenue Davis CA 95616 USA
| | - Jingdong Guo
- Fukui Institute for Fundamental Chemistry Kyoto University Takano Nishi-Hiraki-cho 34-4, Sakyo-ku Kyoto, 606–8103 Japan
| | - James C. Fettinger
- Department of Chemistry University of California, Davis One Shield Avenue Davis CA 95616 USA
| | - Louise A. Berben
- Department of Chemistry University of California, Davis One Shield Avenue Davis CA 95616 USA
| | - R. David Britt
- Department of Chemistry University of California, Davis One Shield Avenue Davis CA 95616 USA
| | - Shigeru Nagase
- Fukui Institute for Fundamental Chemistry Kyoto University Takano Nishi-Hiraki-cho 34-4, Sakyo-ku Kyoto, 606–8103 Japan
| | - Philip P. Power
- Department of Chemistry University of California, Davis One Shield Avenue Davis CA 95616 USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Wagner CL, Tao L, Thompson EJ, Stich TA, Guo J, Fettinger JC, Berben LA, Britt RD, Nagase S, Power PP. Dispersion‐Force‐Assisted Disproportionation: A Stable Two‐Coordinate Copper(II) Complex. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:10444-7. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201605061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Clifton L. Wagner
- Department of Chemistry University of California, Davis One Shield Avenue Davis CA 95616 USA
| | - Lizhi Tao
- Department of Chemistry University of California, Davis One Shield Avenue Davis CA 95616 USA
| | - Emily J. Thompson
- Department of Chemistry University of California, Davis One Shield Avenue Davis CA 95616 USA
| | - Troy A. Stich
- Department of Chemistry University of California, Davis One Shield Avenue Davis CA 95616 USA
| | - Jingdong Guo
- Fukui Institute for Fundamental Chemistry Kyoto University Takano Nishi-Hiraki-cho 34-4, Sakyo-ku Kyoto, 606–8103 Japan
| | - James C. Fettinger
- Department of Chemistry University of California, Davis One Shield Avenue Davis CA 95616 USA
| | - Louise A. Berben
- Department of Chemistry University of California, Davis One Shield Avenue Davis CA 95616 USA
| | - R. David Britt
- Department of Chemistry University of California, Davis One Shield Avenue Davis CA 95616 USA
| | - Shigeru Nagase
- Fukui Institute for Fundamental Chemistry Kyoto University Takano Nishi-Hiraki-cho 34-4, Sakyo-ku Kyoto, 606–8103 Japan
| | - Philip P. Power
- Department of Chemistry University of California, Davis One Shield Avenue Davis CA 95616 USA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Liu C, Zhang Q, Li H, Guo S, Xiao B, Deng W, Liu L, He W. Cu/Fe Catalyzed Intermolecular Oxidative Amination of Benzylic C−H Bonds. Chemistry 2016; 22:6208-12. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201600107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cong Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Tsinghua University; Beijing 100084 P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry; Tsinghua University; Beijing 100084 P. R. China
| | - Qi Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Tsinghua University; Beijing 100084 P. R. China
| | - Hongbo Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Tsinghua University; Beijing 100084 P. R. China
| | - Shuangxi Guo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Tsinghua University; Beijing 100084 P. R. China
| | - Bin Xiao
- Department of Chemistry; Tsinghua University; Beijing 100084 P. R. China
| | - Wei Deng
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering; Shanghai Institute of Technology; Shanghai 201418 P. R. China
| | - Lei Liu
- Department of Chemistry; Tsinghua University; Beijing 100084 P. R. China
| | - Wei He
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Tsinghua University; Beijing 100084 P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Subramanian P, Rudolf GC, Kaliappan KP. Recent Trends in Copper-Catalyzed C-H Amination Routes to Biologically Important Nitrogen Scaffolds. Chem Asian J 2015; 11:168-92. [PMID: 26353917 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201500361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2015] [Revised: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen-containing heterocycles have found remarkable applications in natural product research, material sciences, and pharmaceuticals. Although the synthesis of this interesting class of compounds attracted the interest of generations of organic chemists, simple and straightforward assembly methods based on transition-metal catalysis have regularly been elusive. The recent advancements in the development of C-H functionalization have helped in accomplishing the synthesis of a variety of complex heterocycles from simple precursors. This Focus Review summarizes the recent advances in one particular field: the copper-catalyzed C-N bond formation reactions via C-H bond functionalization to furnish a comprehensive range of nitrogen heterocycles. Applicability and synthetic feasibility of a particular reaction represent major requirements for the inclusion in this review.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Georg C Rudolf
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, 400076, India
| | - Krishna P Kaliappan
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, 400076, India.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Olatunji-Ojo O, Cundari TR. Effect of Ligand Connectivity and Charge State on the Amination of C–H Bonds by Copper Amide Complexes. Organometallics 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.5b00623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Olayinka Olatunji-Ojo
- Molecular
Graphics and Computation Facility, College of Chemistry, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Thomas R. Cundari
- Department
of Chemistry, CASCaM, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle, No. 305070, Denton, Texas 76203-5017, United States
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Khani SK, Cundari TR. A comparison of the Simmons-Smith reaction with carbenoids to nitrenoids and oxenoids. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2015.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
23
|
Rai B, Kumar P, Kumar A. Copper-mediated aerobic oxidative synthesis of benzimidazo fused quinazolines via a multicomponent approach. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra15525h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
First copper mediated aerobic oxidative multi-component synthesis of benzimidazo[1,2-c]quinazolines has been developed from 2-(2-halophenyl)benzoimidazoles, aldehydes and sodium azide as nitrogen source.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Byanju Rai
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division
- CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute (CDRI)
- Lucknow
- India
| | - Promod Kumar
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division
- CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute (CDRI)
- Lucknow
- India
| | - Atul Kumar
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division
- CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute (CDRI)
- Lucknow
- India
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR)
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Modeling of late 3d transition metal metathesis of tert-butoxide complexes with amines. Polyhedron 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2014.02.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
25
|
Krylov IB, Terent'ev AO, Timofeev VP, Shelimov BN, Novikov RA, Merkulova VM, Nikishin GI. Iminoxyl Radical-Based Strategy for Intermolecular CO Bond Formation: Cross-Dehydrogenative Coupling of 1,3-Dicarbonyl Compounds with Oximes. Adv Synth Catal 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201400143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
|
26
|
Olivos Suarez AI, Lyaskovskyy V, Reek JNH, van der Vlugt JI, de Bruin B. Komplexe mit Stickstoffradikalliganden: Einteilung, spektroskopische Eigenschaften, Reaktivität und katalytische Anwendungen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201301487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
|
27
|
Suarez AIO, Lyaskovskyy V, Reek JNH, van der Vlugt JI, de Bruin B. Complexes with Nitrogen-Centered Radical Ligands: Classification, Spectroscopic Features, Reactivity, and Catalytic Applications. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:12510-29. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201301487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 208] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
|
28
|
Mazurais M, Lescot C, Retailleau P, Dauban P. A Short Asymmetric Synthesis of Octahydroindole Derivatives by Application of Catalytic C(sp3)-H Amination Reaction. European J Org Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201301174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
29
|
Maejima T, Ueda M, Nakano J, Sawama Y, Monguchi Y, Sajiki H. Mechanism Study of Copper-Mediated One-Pot Reductive Amination of Aryl Halides Using Trimethylsilyl Azide. J Org Chem 2013; 78:8980-5. [DOI: 10.1021/jo401474k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Toshihide Maejima
- Laboratory
of Organic Chemistry, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4 Daigaku-nishi, Gifu 501-1196, Japan
| | - Moriatsu Ueda
- Bruker Optics K. K., 1-4-1 Shinkawa,
Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0033, Japan
| | - Jun Nakano
- Bruker Optics K. K., 1-4-1 Shinkawa,
Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0033, Japan
| | - Yoshinari Sawama
- Laboratory
of Organic Chemistry, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4 Daigaku-nishi, Gifu 501-1196, Japan
| | - Yasunari Monguchi
- Laboratory
of Organic Chemistry, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4 Daigaku-nishi, Gifu 501-1196, Japan
| | - Hironao Sajiki
- Laboratory
of Organic Chemistry, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4 Daigaku-nishi, Gifu 501-1196, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Zhu Y, Wei Y. Solvent-Controlled Copper-Catalyzed Oxidation of Benzylic Alcohols to Aldehydes and Esters. European J Org Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201300668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
31
|
Zhu Y, Wei Y. Copper-catalyzed oxidative esterification of aldehydes with dialkyl peroxides: efficient synthesis of esters of tertiary alcohols. RSC Adv 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra40246k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
|
32
|
Ton TMU, Himawan F, Chang JWW, Chan PWH. Copper(II) triflate catalyzed amination of 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds. Chemistry 2012; 18:12020-7. [PMID: 22890890 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201201219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A method to prepare α,α-acyl amino acid derivatives efficiently by Cu(OTf)(2)+1,10-phenanthroline (1,10-phen)-catalyzed amination of 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds with PhI=NSO(2) Ar is described. The mechanism is thought to initially involve aziridination of the enolic form of the substrate, formed in situ through coordination to the Lewis acidic metal catalyst, by the putative copper-nitrene/imido species generated from the reaction of the metal catalyst with the iminoiodane source. Subsequent ring opening of the resultant aziridinol adduct under the Lewis acidic conditions then provided the α-aminated product. The utility of this method was exemplified by the enantioselective synthesis of a precursor of 3-styryl-2-benzoyl-L-alanine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thi My Uyen Ton
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Gephart RT, Huang DL, Aguila MJB, Schmidt G, Shahu A, Warren TH. Catalytic CH Amination with Aromatic Amines. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012; 51:6488-92. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201201921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
34
|
Gephart RT, Huang DL, Aguila MJB, Schmidt G, Shahu A, Warren TH. Catalytic CH Amination with Aromatic Amines. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201201921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
35
|
Ni Z, Zhang Q, Xiong T, Zheng Y, Li Y, Zhang H, Zhang J, Liu Q. Highly Regioselective Copper-Catalyzed Benzylic CH Amination by N-Fluorobenzenesulfonimide. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201107427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
36
|
Ni Z, Zhang Q, Xiong T, Zheng Y, Li Y, Zhang H, Zhang J, Liu Q. Highly regioselective copper-catalyzed benzylic C-H amination by N-fluorobenzenesulfonimide. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011; 51:1244-7. [PMID: 22173960 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201107427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2011] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhikun Ni
- Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Long AKM, Timmer GH, Pap JS, Snyder JL, Yu RP, Berry JF. Aryl C–H Amination by Diruthenium Nitrides in the Solid State and in Solution at Room Temperature: Experimental and Computational Study of the Reaction Mechanism. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:13138-50. [DOI: 10.1021/ja203993p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Kae Musch Long
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin—Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - George H. Timmer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin—Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - József S. Pap
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin—Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pannonia, 8200 Veszprém, Hungary
| | - Jamie Lynn Snyder
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin—Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Renyuan Pony Yu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin—Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - John F. Berry
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin—Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Kornecki KP, Berry JF. Evidence for a one-electron mechanistic regime in dirhodium-catalyzed intermolecular C-H amination. Chemistry 2011; 17:5827-32. [PMID: 21506189 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201100708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2011] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Swift and energy efficient conversion of chemical feedstocks to pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals requires the development of new methods to add nitrogen functionality to unfunctionalized organic substrates. Dirhodium-catalyzed insertion of nitrene species into C-H bonds is a promising new method, the main drawback of which is the currently limited understanding of the catalytic mechanism. Herein, cyclic voltammetry and controlled potential electrolysis measurements have enabled us to solve many of the mechanistic mysteries of intermolecular C-H amination catalyzed by [Rh(2)(esp)(2)] (esp=α,α,α',α'-tetramethyl-1,3-benzenedipropanoate). The primary result is that, in addition to a simple nitrene-transfer mechanism that dominates the early stages of the reaction, another mechanism is available that relies on sequential proton-coupled electron transfer steps. Whereas the nitrene-transfer mechanism requires the use of expensive, atom-inefficient oxidants, we show that simple one-electron oxidants such as Ce(4+) may be used to achieve catalytic C-H amination via the one-electron mechanistic regime.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katherine P Kornecki
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|