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Almughathawi R, Hou S, Wu Q, Lambert CJ. Signatures of Topological States in Conjugated Macrocycles. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24. [PMID: 38591962 PMCID: PMC11057032 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c04796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Single-molecule electrical junctions possess a molecular core connected to source and drain electrodes via anchor groups, which feed and extract electricity from specific atoms within the core. As the distance between electrodes increases, the electrical conductance typically decreases, which is a feature shared by classical Ohmic conductors. Here we analyze the electrical conductance of cycloparaphenylene (CPP) macrocycles and demonstrate that they can exhibit a highly nonclassical increase in their electrical conductance as the distance between electrodes increases. We demonstrate that this is due to the topological nature of the de Broglie wave created by electrons injected into the macrocycle from the source. Although such topological states do not exist in isolated macrocycles, they are created when the molecule is in contact with the source. They are predicted to be a generic feature of conjugated macrocycles and open a new avenue to implementing highly nonclassical transport behavior in molecular junctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renad Almughathawi
- Physics
Department, Lancaster University, LA1 4YB Lancaster, United Kingdom
- Physics
Department, Faculty of science, Taibah University, Medina 42353, Saudi Arabia
| | - Songjun Hou
- Physics
Department, Lancaster University, LA1 4YB Lancaster, United Kingdom
| | - Qingqing Wu
- Physics
Department, Lancaster University, LA1 4YB Lancaster, United Kingdom
| | - Colin J. Lambert
- Physics
Department, Lancaster University, LA1 4YB Lancaster, United Kingdom
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2
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Harrison DP, Grotjahn R, Naher M, Ghazvini SMBH, Mazzucato DM, Korb M, Moggach SA, Lambert C, Kaupp M, Low PJ. Quantum Interference in Mixed-Valence Complexes: Tuning Electronic Coupling Through Substituent Effects. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202211000. [PMID: 36031588 PMCID: PMC9828041 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202211000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Whilst 2- or 5-OMe groups on the bridging phenylene ring in [{Cp*(dppe)RuC≡C}2 (μ-1,3-C6 H4 )]+ have little influence on the electronic structure of this weakly coupled mixed-valence complex, a 4-OMe substituent enhances ground state electron delocalization, and increases the intensity of the IVCT transition. Vibrational frequency and TDDFT calculations (LH20t-D3(BJ), def2-SVP, COSMO (CH2 Cl2 )) on ([{Cp*(dppe)RuC≡C}2 (μ-1,3-C6 H3 -n-OMe)]+ (n=2, 4, 5) models are in excellent agreement with the experimental results. The stronger ground state coupling is attributed to the change in composition of the β-HOSO brought about by the 4-OMe group, which is ortho or para to each of the metal fragments. The intensity of the IVCT transition increases with the greater overlap of the β-HOSO and β-LUSO, whilst the relative phases of the β-HOSO and β-LUSO in the 4-OMe substituted complex are consistent with predictions of constructive quantum interference from molecular circuit rules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel P. Harrison
- School of Molecular SciencesUniversity of Western Australia35 Stirling HighwayCrawleyWA, 6009Australia
| | - Robin Grotjahn
- Institut für ChemieTechnische Universität BerlinStraße des 17. Juni 13510623BerlinGermany
- Present address: Department of ChemistryUniversity of California, Irvine1102 Natural Science IIIrvineCA 92697-2025USA
| | - Masnun Naher
- School of Molecular SciencesUniversity of Western Australia35 Stirling HighwayCrawleyWA, 6009Australia
| | - Seyed M. B. H. Ghazvini
- School of Molecular SciencesUniversity of Western Australia35 Stirling HighwayCrawleyWA, 6009Australia
| | - Daniel M. Mazzucato
- School of Molecular SciencesUniversity of Western Australia35 Stirling HighwayCrawleyWA, 6009Australia
| | - Marcus Korb
- School of Molecular SciencesUniversity of Western Australia35 Stirling HighwayCrawleyWA, 6009Australia
| | - Stephen A. Moggach
- School of Molecular SciencesUniversity of Western Australia35 Stirling HighwayCrawleyWA, 6009Australia
| | - Colin Lambert
- Department of PhysicsUniversity of LancasterLancasterLA1 4YBUK
| | - Martin Kaupp
- Institut für ChemieTechnische Universität BerlinStraße des 17. Juni 13510623BerlinGermany
| | - Paul J. Low
- School of Molecular SciencesUniversity of Western Australia35 Stirling HighwayCrawleyWA, 6009Australia
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3
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Wang CZ, Mujica V, Lai YC. Spin Fano Resonances in Chiral Molecules: An Alternative Mechanism for the CISS Effect and Experimental Implications. NANO LETTERS 2021; 21:10423-10430. [PMID: 34846905 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c03770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Experiments on spin transport through a chiral molecule demonstrated the attainment of significant spin polarization, demanding a theoretical explanation. We report the emergence of spin Fano resonances as a mechanism in the chiral-induced spin-selectivity (CISS) effect associated with transport through a chiral polyacetylene molecule. Initializing electrons through optical excitation, we derive the Fano resonance formula for the spin polarization. Computations reveal that quasidegeneracy is common in this complex molecular system. A remarkable phenomenon is the generation of pronounced spin Fano resonances due to the contributions of two near-degeneracy states. We also find that the Fano resonance width increases linearly with the coupling strength between the molecule and the lead. Our findings provide another mechanism to explain the experimental observations and lead to new insights into the role of the CISS effect in complex molecules from the perspective of transport and spin polarization resonance, paving the way for chiral molecule-based spintronics applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Zhen Wang
- School of Electrical, Computer and Energy Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona85287, United States
| | - Vladimiro Mujica
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85 287, United States
- Kimika FakultateaEuskal Herriko Unibertsitatea20080DonostiaEuskadiSpain
| | - Ying-Cheng Lai
- School of Electrical, Computer and Energy Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona85287, United States
- Department of Physics, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85 287, United States
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4
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Ivie JA, Bamberger ND, Parida KN, Shepard S, Dyer D, Saraiva-Souza A, Himmelhuber R, McGrath DV, Smeu M, Monti OLA. Correlated Energy-Level Alignment Effects Determine Substituent-Tuned Single-Molecule Conductance. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:4267-4277. [PMID: 33438990 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c19404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The rational design of single-molecule electrical components requires a deep and predictive understanding of structure-function relationships. Here, we explore the relationship between chemical substituents and the conductance of metal-single-molecule-metal junctions, using functionalized oligophenylenevinylenes as a model system. Using a combination of mechanically controlled break-junction experiments and various levels of theory including non-equilibrium Green's functions, we demonstrate that the connection between gas-phase molecular electronic structure and in-junction molecular conductance is complicated by the involvement of multiple mutually correlated and opposing effects that contribute to energy-level alignment in the junction. We propose that these opposing correlations represent powerful new "design principles" because their physical origins make them broadly applicable, and they are capable of predicting the direction and relative magnitude of observed conductance trends. In particular, we show that they are consistent with the observed conductance variability not just within our own experimental results but also within disparate molecular series reported in the literature and, crucially, with the trend in variability across these molecular series, which previous simple models fail to explain. The design principles introduced here can therefore aid in both screening and suggesting novel design strategies for maximizing conductance tunability in single-molecule systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey A Ivie
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, 1306 E. University Blvd., Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Nathan D Bamberger
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, 1306 E. University Blvd., Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Keshaba N Parida
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, 1306 E. University Blvd., Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Stuart Shepard
- Department of Physics, Binghamton University-SUNY, 4400 Vestal Parkway East, Binghamton, New York 13902, United States
| | - Dylan Dyer
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, 1306 E. University Blvd., Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Aldilene Saraiva-Souza
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, São Luís, Massachusetts 65080-805, Brazil
| | - Roland Himmelhuber
- College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, 1630 E. University Blvd., Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Dominic V McGrath
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, 1306 E. University Blvd., Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Manuel Smeu
- Department of Physics, Binghamton University-SUNY, 4400 Vestal Parkway East, Binghamton, New York 13902, United States
| | - Oliver L A Monti
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, 1306 E. University Blvd., Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
- Department of Physics, University of Arizona, 1118 E. Fourth Street, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
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Polakovsky A, Showman J, Valdiviezo J, Palma JL. Quantum interference enhances rectification behavior of molecular devices. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:1550-1557. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cp05801g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A theoretical and computational study of the effect of quantum interference on the rectification behavior of unimolecular devices.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Janai Showman
- Department of Chemistry
- The Pennsylvania State University
- Lemont Furnace
- USA
| | | | - Julio L. Palma
- Department of Chemistry
- The Pennsylvania State University
- Lemont Furnace
- USA
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6
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Ludwig S, Helmdach K, Hüttenschmidt M, Oberem E, Rabeah J, Villinger A, Ludwig R, Seidel WW. Metal/Metal Redox Isomerism Governed by Configuration. Chemistry 2020; 26:16811-16817. [PMID: 32648996 PMCID: PMC7756430 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202003120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
A pair of diastereomeric dinuclear complexes, [Tp′(CO)BrW{μ‐η2‐C,C′‐κ2‐S,P‐C2(PPh2)S}Ru(η5‐C5H5)(PPh3)], in which W and Ru are bridged by a phosphinyl(thiolato)alkyne in a side‐on carbon P,S‐chelate coordination mode, were synthesized, separated and fully characterized. Even though the isomers are similar in their spectroscopic properties and redox potentials, the like‐isomer is oxidized at W while the unlike‐isomer is oxidized at Ru, which is proven by IR, NIR and EPR‐spectroscopy supported by spectro‐electrochemistry and computational methods. The second oxidation of the complexes was shown to take place at the metal left unaffected in the first redox step. Finally, the tipping point could be realized in the unlike isomer of the electronically tuned thiophenolate congener [Tp′(CO)(PhS)W{μ‐η2‐C,C′‐κ2‐S,P‐C2(PPh2)S}Ru(η5‐C5H5)‐(PPh3)], in which valence trapped WIII/RuII and WII/RuIII cationic species are at equilibrium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Ludwig
- Institut für Chemie, Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Straße 3a, 18059, Rostock, Germany
| | - Kai Helmdach
- Institut für Chemie, Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Straße 3a, 18059, Rostock, Germany
| | - Mareike Hüttenschmidt
- Institut für Chemie, Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Straße 3a, 18059, Rostock, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Oberem
- Department Life, Light & Matter, Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Straße 25, 18059, Rostock, Germany
| | - Jabor Rabeah
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse an der Universität Rostock e.V., Albert-Einstein-Strasse 29a, 18059, Rostock, Germany
| | - Alexander Villinger
- Institut für Chemie, Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Straße 3a, 18059, Rostock, Germany
| | - Ralf Ludwig
- Department Life, Light & Matter, Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Straße 25, 18059, Rostock, Germany
| | - Wolfram W Seidel
- Institut für Chemie, Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Straße 3a, 18059, Rostock, Germany
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Baghernejad M, Yang Y, Al-Owaedi OA, Aeschi Y, Zeng BF, Abd Dawood ZM, Li X, Liu J, Shi J, Decurtins S, Liu SX, Hong W, Lambert CJ. Constructive Quantum Interference in Single-Molecule Benzodichalcogenophene Junctions. Chemistry 2020; 26:5264-5269. [PMID: 32022327 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201905878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Heteroatom substitution into the cores of alternant, aromatic hydrocarbons containing only even-membered rings is attracting increasing interest as a method of tuning their electrical conductance. Here, the effect of heteroatom substitution into molecular cores of non-alternant hydrocarbons, containing odd-membered rings, is examined. Benzodichalcogenophene (BDC) compounds are rigid, planar π-conjugated structures, with molecular cores containing five-membered rings fused to a six-membered aryl ring. To probe the sensitivity or resilience of constructive quantum interference (CQI) in these non-bipartite molecular cores, two C2 -symmetric molecules (I and II) and one asymmetric molecule (III) were investigated. I (II) contains S (O) heteroatoms in each of the five-membered rings, while III contains an S in one five-membered ring and an O in the other. Differences in their conductances arise primarily from the longer S-C and shorter O-C bond lengths compared with the C-C bond and the associated changes in their resonance integrals. Although the conductance of III is significantly lower than the conductances of the others, CQI was found to be resilient and persist in all molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoud Baghernejad
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, iChEM, Xiamen University, 361005, Xiamen, China.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Yang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, iChEM, Xiamen University, 361005, Xiamen, China
| | - Oday A Al-Owaedi
- Department of Laser Physics, Women Faculty of Science, The University of Babylon, Hilla, 51001, Iraq
| | - Yves Aeschi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Biao-Feng Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, iChEM, Xiamen University, 361005, Xiamen, China
| | - Zahra Murtada Abd Dawood
- Department of Laser Physics, Women Faculty of Science, The University of Babylon, Hilla, 51001, Iraq
| | - Xiaohui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, iChEM, Xiamen University, 361005, Xiamen, China
| | - Junyang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, iChEM, Xiamen University, 361005, Xiamen, China
| | - Jia Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, iChEM, Xiamen University, 361005, Xiamen, China
| | - Silvio Decurtins
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Shi-Xia Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Wenjing Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, iChEM, Xiamen University, 361005, Xiamen, China.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Colin J Lambert
- Department of Physics, University of Lancaster, Lancaster, LA1 4YB, UK), E-mail
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