1
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Yang J, Liu S, Liu Y, Zhou L, Wen H, Wei H, Shen R, Wu X, Jiang J, Li B. Review and perspectives on TS-1 catalyzed propylene epoxidation. iScience 2024; 27:109064. [PMID: 38375219 PMCID: PMC10875142 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Titanium silicate zeolite (TS-1) is widely used in the research on selective oxidations of organic substrates by H2O2. Compared with the chlorohydrin process and the hydroperoxidation process, the TS-1 catalyzed hydroperoxide epoxidation of propylene oxide (HPPO) has advantages in terms of by-products and environmental friendliness. This article reviews the latest progress in propylene epoxidation catalyzed by TS-1, including the HPPO process and gas phase epoxidation. The preparation and modification of TS-1 for green and sustainable production are summarized, including the use of low-cost feedstocks, the development of synthetic routes, strategies to enhance mass transfer in TS-1 crystal and the enhancement of catalytic performance after modification. In particular, this article summarizes the catalytic mechanisms and advanced characterization techniques for propylene epoxidation in recent years. Finally, the present situation, development prospect and challenge of propylene epoxidation catalyzed by TS-1 were prospected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimei Yang
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, 100 Science Road, Zhengzhou 450001, P.R. China
| | - Shuling Liu
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, 100 Science Road, Zhengzhou 450001, P.R. China
| | - Yanyan Liu
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, 100 Science Road, Zhengzhou 450001, P.R. China
- College of Science, Henan Agricultural University, 63 Nongye Road, Zhengzhou 450002, P.R. China
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, CAF, National Engineering Lab for Biomass Chemical Utilization, Nanjing 210042, P.R. China
| | - Limin Zhou
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, 100 Science Road, Zhengzhou 450001, P.R. China
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, CAF, National Engineering Lab for Biomass Chemical Utilization, Nanjing 210042, P.R. China
| | - Hao Wen
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, 100 Science Road, Zhengzhou 450001, P.R. China
| | - Huijuan Wei
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, 100 Science Road, Zhengzhou 450001, P.R. China
| | - Ruofan Shen
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, 100 Science Road, Zhengzhou 450001, P.R. China
| | - Xianli Wu
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, 100 Science Road, Zhengzhou 450001, P.R. China
| | - Jianchun Jiang
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, CAF, National Engineering Lab for Biomass Chemical Utilization, Nanjing 210042, P.R. China
| | - Baojun Li
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, 100 Science Road, Zhengzhou 450001, P.R. China
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2
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FIB-SEM tomography in catalysis and electrochemistry. Catal Today 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2022.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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3
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Qin Z, Zeng S, Melinte G, Bučko T, Badawi M, Shen Y, Gilson JP, Ersen O, Wei Y, Liu Z, Liu X, Yan Z, Xu S, Valtchev V, Mintova S. Understanding the Fundamentals of Microporosity Upgrading in Zeolites: Increasing Diffusion and Catalytic Performances. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:e2100001. [PMID: 34219412 PMCID: PMC8425932 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202100001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Hierarchical zeolites are regarded as promising catalysts due to their well-developed porosity, increased accessible surface area, and minimal diffusion constraints. Thus far, the focus has been on the creation of mesopores in zeolites, however, little is known about a microporosity upgrading and its effect on the diffusion and catalytic performance. Here the authors show that the "birth" of mesopore formation in faujasite (FAU) type zeolite starts by removing framework T atoms from the sodalite (SOD) cages followed by propagation throughout the crystals. This is evidenced by following the diffusion of xenon (Xe) in the mesoporous FAU zeolite prepared by unbiased leaching with NH4 F in comparison to the pristine FAU zeolite. A new diffusion pathway for the Xe in the mesoporous zeolite is proposed. Xenon first penetrates through the opened SOD cages and then diffuses to supercages of the mesoporous zeolite. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations indicate that Xe diffusion between SOD cage and supercage occurs only in hierarchical FAU structure with defect-contained six-member-ring separating these two types of cages. The catalytic performance of the mesoporous FAU zeolite further indicates that the upgraded microporosity facilitates the intracrystalline molecular traffic and increases the catalytic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengxing Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, College of Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, 266580, China
| | - Shu Zeng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Methanol to Olefins, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Georgian Melinte
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg, UMR 7504 CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, 23 rue du Loess BP 43, Strasbourg, F-67034, France
| | - Tomáš Bučko
- Department of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Ilkovičova 6, Bratislava, SK-84215, Slovakia
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, Bratislava, SK-84236, Slovakia
| | - Michael Badawi
- Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie Théoriques, UMR 7019, CNRS - Université de Lorraine, Nancy, F-54000, France
| | - Yanfeng Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, College of Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, 266580, China
| | - Jean-Pierre Gilson
- Normandie Univ, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, CNRS, Laboratoire Catalyse et Spectrochimie, 6 Boulevard Maréchal Juin, Caen, 14050, France
| | - Ovidiu Ersen
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg, UMR 7504 CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, 23 rue du Loess BP 43, Strasbourg, F-67034, France
| | - Yingxu Wei
- National Engineering Laboratory for Methanol to Olefins, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Zhongmin Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Methanol to Olefins, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xinmei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, College of Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, 266580, China
| | - Zifeng Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, College of Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, 266580, China
| | - Shutao Xu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Methanol to Olefins, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Valentin Valtchev
- Normandie Univ, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, CNRS, Laboratoire Catalyse et Spectrochimie, 6 Boulevard Maréchal Juin, Caen, 14050, France
| | - Svetlana Mintova
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, College of Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, 266580, China
- Normandie Univ, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, CNRS, Laboratoire Catalyse et Spectrochimie, 6 Boulevard Maréchal Juin, Caen, 14050, France
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4
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Filez M, Vesely M, Garcia‐Torregrosa I, Gambino M, Attila Ö, Meirer F, Katrukha EA, Roeffaers MBJ, Garrevoet J, Kapitein LC, Weckhuysen BM. Chemical Imaging of Hierarchical Porosity Formation within a Zeolite Crystal Visualized by Small-Angle X-Ray Scattering and In-Situ Fluorescence Microscopy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:13803-13806. [PMID: 33725373 PMCID: PMC8251824 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202101747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Introducing hierarchical porosity to zeolites is vital for providing molecular access to microporous domains. Yet, the dynamics of meso- and macropore formation has remained elusive and pore space ill-characterized by a lack of (in situ) microscopic tools sensitive to nanoporosity. Here, we probe hierarchical porosity formation within a zeolite ZSM-5 crystal in real-time by in situ fluorescence microscopy during desilication. In addition, we introduce small-angle X-ray scattering microscopy as novel characterization tool to map intracrystal meso- and macropore properties. It is shown that hierarchical porosity formation initiates at the crystal surface and propagates to the crystal core via a pore front with decreasing rate. Also, hierarchical porosity only establishes in specific (segments of) subunits which constitute ZSM-5. Such space-dependent meso- and macroporosity implies local discrepancies in diffusion, performance and deactivation behaviors even within a zeolite crystal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Filez
- Inorganic Chemistry and CatalysisDebye Institute of Nanomaterials ScienceUtrecht UniversityUniversiteitsweg 993584CGUtrechtThe Netherlands
- Centre for Membrane Separations, Adsorption, Catalysis and Spectroscopy for Sustainable Solutions (cMACS)Department of Microbial and Molecular SystemsKU LeuvenCelestijnenlaan 200F3001LeuvenBelgium
| | - Martin Vesely
- Inorganic Chemistry and CatalysisDebye Institute of Nanomaterials ScienceUtrecht UniversityUniversiteitsweg 993584CGUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Ivan Garcia‐Torregrosa
- Inorganic Chemistry and CatalysisDebye Institute of Nanomaterials ScienceUtrecht UniversityUniversiteitsweg 993584CGUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Marianna Gambino
- Inorganic Chemistry and CatalysisDebye Institute of Nanomaterials ScienceUtrecht UniversityUniversiteitsweg 993584CGUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Özgün Attila
- Inorganic Chemistry and CatalysisDebye Institute of Nanomaterials ScienceUtrecht UniversityUniversiteitsweg 993584CGUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Florian Meirer
- Inorganic Chemistry and CatalysisDebye Institute of Nanomaterials ScienceUtrecht UniversityUniversiteitsweg 993584CGUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Eugene A. Katrukha
- Cell Biology, Neurobiology and BiophysicsFaculty of ScienceUtrecht UniversityPadualaan 8, 3584CHUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Maarten B. J. Roeffaers
- Centre for Membrane Separations, Adsorption, Catalysis and Spectroscopy for Sustainable Solutions (cMACS)Department of Microbial and Molecular SystemsKU LeuvenCelestijnenlaan 200F3001LeuvenBelgium
| | - Jan Garrevoet
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESYNotkestrasse 8522607HamburgGermany
| | - Lukas C. Kapitein
- Cell Biology, Neurobiology and BiophysicsFaculty of ScienceUtrecht UniversityPadualaan 8, 3584CHUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Bert M. Weckhuysen
- Inorganic Chemistry and CatalysisDebye Institute of Nanomaterials ScienceUtrecht UniversityUniversiteitsweg 993584CGUtrechtThe Netherlands
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5
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Filez M, Vesely M, Garcia‐Torregrosa I, Gambino M, Attila Ö, Meirer F, Katrukha EA, Roeffaers MBJ, Garrevoet J, Kapitein LC, Weckhuysen BM. Chemical Imaging of Hierarchical Porosity Formation within a Zeolite Crystal Visualized by Small‐Angle X‐Ray Scattering and In‐Situ Fluorescence Microscopy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202101747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Filez
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis Debye Institute of Nanomaterials Science Utrecht University Universiteitsweg 99 3584CG Utrecht The Netherlands
- Centre for Membrane Separations, Adsorption, Catalysis and Spectroscopy for Sustainable Solutions (cMACS) Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems KU Leuven Celestijnenlaan 200F 3001 Leuven Belgium
| | - Martin Vesely
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis Debye Institute of Nanomaterials Science Utrecht University Universiteitsweg 99 3584CG Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Ivan Garcia‐Torregrosa
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis Debye Institute of Nanomaterials Science Utrecht University Universiteitsweg 99 3584CG Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Marianna Gambino
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis Debye Institute of Nanomaterials Science Utrecht University Universiteitsweg 99 3584CG Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Özgün Attila
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis Debye Institute of Nanomaterials Science Utrecht University Universiteitsweg 99 3584CG Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Florian Meirer
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis Debye Institute of Nanomaterials Science Utrecht University Universiteitsweg 99 3584CG Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Eugene A. Katrukha
- Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Biophysics Faculty of Science Utrecht University Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Maarten B. J. Roeffaers
- Centre for Membrane Separations, Adsorption, Catalysis and Spectroscopy for Sustainable Solutions (cMACS) Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems KU Leuven Celestijnenlaan 200F 3001 Leuven Belgium
| | - Jan Garrevoet
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY Notkestrasse 85 22607 Hamburg Germany
| | - Lukas C. Kapitein
- Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Biophysics Faculty of Science Utrecht University Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Bert M. Weckhuysen
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis Debye Institute of Nanomaterials Science Utrecht University Universiteitsweg 99 3584CG Utrecht The Netherlands
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6
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Stanciakova K, Weckhuysen B. Water–active site interactions in zeolites and their relevance in catalysis. TRENDS IN CHEMISTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trechm.2021.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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7
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Abstract
AbstractNanoporous solids, including microporous, mesoporous and hierarchically structured porous materials, are of scientific and technological interest because of their high surface-to-volume ratio and ability to impose shape- and size-selectivity on molecules diffusing through them. Enormous efforts have been put in the mechanistic understanding of diffusion–reaction relationships of nanoporous solids, with the ultimate goal of developing materials with improved catalytic performance. Single-molecule localization microscopy can be used to explore the pore space via the trajectories of individual molecules. This ensemble-free perspective directly reveals heterogeneities in diffusion and diffusion-related reactivity of individual molecules, which would have been obscured in bulk measurements. In this article, we review developments in the spatial and temporal characterization of nanoporous solids using single-molecule localization microscopy. We illustrate various aspects of this approach, and showcase how it can be used to follow molecular diffusion and reaction behaviors in nanoporous solids.
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8
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Yang K, Zhang D, Zou M, Yu L, Huang S. The Known and Overlooked Sides of Zeolite‐Extrudate Catalysts. ChemCatChem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202001601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Keyu Yang
- Division of Fossil Energy Conversion Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian 116023 P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Dazhi Zhang
- Division of Fossil Energy Conversion Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian 116023 P. R. China
| | - Mingming Zou
- Division of Fossil Energy Conversion Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian 116023 P. R. China
| | - Lili Yu
- Division of catalysis Zhejiang New Harmony Union (NHU) Co. Ltd Xinchang, Zhejiang 312500 P. R. China
| | - Shengjun Huang
- Division of Fossil Energy Conversion Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian 116023 P. R. China
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9
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Heard CJ, Grajciar L, Uhlík F, Shamzhy M, Opanasenko M, Čejka J, Nachtigall P. Zeolite (In)Stability under Aqueous or Steaming Conditions. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e2003264. [PMID: 32780912 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202003264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Zeolites are among the most environmentally friendly materials produced industrially at the Megaton scale. They find numerous commercial applications, particularly in catalysis, adsorption, and separation. Under ambient conditions aluminosilicate zeolites are stable when exposed to water or water vapor. However, at extreme conditions as high temperature, high water vapor pressure or increased acidity/basicity, their crystalline framework can be destroyed. The stability of the zeolite framework under aqueous conditions also depends on the concentration and character of heteroatoms (other than Al) and the topology of the zeolite. The factors critical for zeolite (in)stability in the presence of water under various conditions are reviewed from the experimental as well as computational sides. Nonreactive and reactive interactions of water with zeolites are addressed. The goal of this review is to provide a comparative overview of all-silica zeolites, aluminosilicates and zeolites with other heteroatoms (Ti, Sn, and Ge) when contacted with water. Due attention is also devoted to the situation when partial zeolite hydrolysis is used beneficially, such as the formation of hierarchical zeolites, synthesis of new zeolites or fine-tuning catalytic or adsorption characteristics of zeolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher James Heard
- Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry & Charles University Center of Advanced Materials, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 8, Prague 2, Prague, 128 43, Czech Republic
| | - Lukáš Grajciar
- Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry & Charles University Center of Advanced Materials, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 8, Prague 2, Prague, 128 43, Czech Republic
| | - Filip Uhlík
- Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry & Charles University Center of Advanced Materials, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 8, Prague 2, Prague, 128 43, Czech Republic
| | - Mariya Shamzhy
- Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry & Charles University Center of Advanced Materials, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 8, Prague 2, Prague, 128 43, Czech Republic
| | - Maksym Opanasenko
- Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry & Charles University Center of Advanced Materials, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 8, Prague 2, Prague, 128 43, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Čejka
- Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry & Charles University Center of Advanced Materials, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 8, Prague 2, Prague, 128 43, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Nachtigall
- Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry & Charles University Center of Advanced Materials, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 8, Prague 2, Prague, 128 43, Czech Republic
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10
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11
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Chen LH, Sun MH, Wang Z, Yang W, Xie Z, Su BL. Hierarchically Structured Zeolites: From Design to Application. Chem Rev 2020; 120:11194-11294. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Li-Hua Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, 122 Luoshi Road, 430070 Wuhan, China
| | - Ming-Hui Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, 122 Luoshi Road, 430070 Wuhan, China
- Laboratory of Inorganic Materials Chemistry, University of Namur, 61 rue de Bruxelles, B-5000 Namur, Belgium
| | - Zhao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, 122 Luoshi Road, 430070 Wuhan, China
| | - Weimin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Engineering and Industrial Catalysis, Shanghai Research Institute of Petrochemical Technology, SINOPEC, Shanghai 201208, China
| | - Zaiku Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Engineering and Industrial Catalysis, Shanghai Research Institute of Petrochemical Technology, SINOPEC, Shanghai 201208, China
| | - Bao-Lian Su
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, 122 Luoshi Road, 430070 Wuhan, China
- Laboratory of Inorganic Materials Chemistry, University of Namur, 61 rue de Bruxelles, B-5000 Namur, Belgium
- Clare Hall, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
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12
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Verkleij SP, Whiting GT, Parres Esclapez S, Li S, Mertens MM, Janssen M, Bons A, Burgers M, Weckhuysen BM. High‐Pressure Operando UV‐Vis Micro‐Spectroscopy of Coke Formation in Zeolite‐based Catalyst Extrudates during the Transalkylation of Aromatics. ChemCatChem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202000948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Suzanna P. Verkleij
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science Utrecht University Universiteitsweg 99 3584 CH Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Gareth T. Whiting
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science Utrecht University Universiteitsweg 99 3584 CH Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Sonia Parres Esclapez
- ExxonMobil Chemical Europe, Inc. European Technology Centre Hermeslaan 2 B 1831 Machelen Belgium
| | - Shiwen Li
- ExxonMobil Chemical Europe, Inc. European Technology Centre Hermeslaan 2 B 1831 Machelen Belgium
| | - Machteld M. Mertens
- ExxonMobil Chemical Europe, Inc. European Technology Centre Hermeslaan 2 B 1831 Machelen Belgium
| | - Marcel Janssen
- ExxonMobil Chemical Europe, Inc. European Technology Centre Hermeslaan 2 B 1831 Machelen Belgium
| | - Anton‐Jan Bons
- ExxonMobil Chemical Europe, Inc. European Technology Centre Hermeslaan 2 B 1831 Machelen Belgium
| | - Martijn Burgers
- ExxonMobil Chemical Europe, Inc. European Technology Centre Hermeslaan 2 B 1831 Machelen Belgium
| | - Bert M. Weckhuysen
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science Utrecht University Universiteitsweg 99 3584 CH Utrecht The Netherlands
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13
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Chizallet C. Toward the Atomic Scale Simulation of Intricate Acidic Aluminosilicate Catalysts. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c01136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Céline Chizallet
- IFP Energies nouvelles Solaize, Rond-Point de l’Echangeur de Solaize, BP 3, 69360 Solaize, France
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14
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Guefrachi Y, Sharma G, Xu D, Kumar G, Vinter KP, Abdelrahman OA, Li X, Alhassan S, Dauenhauer PJ, Navrotsky A, Zhang W, Tsapatsis M. Steam‐Induced Coarsening of Single‐Unit‐Cell MFI Zeolite Nanosheets and Its Effect on External Surface Brønsted Acid Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202000395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yasmine Guefrachi
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science University of Minnesota 421 Washington Avenue SE Minneapolis MN 55455 USA
| | - Geetu Sharma
- Peter A. Rock Thermochemistry Laboratory NEAT-ORU University of California Davis Davis CA 95616 USA
| | - Dandan Xu
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science University of Minnesota 421 Washington Avenue SE Minneapolis MN 55455 USA
| | - Gaurav Kumar
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science University of Minnesota 421 Washington Avenue SE Minneapolis MN 55455 USA
| | - Katherine P. Vinter
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science University of Minnesota 421 Washington Avenue SE Minneapolis MN 55455 USA
| | - Omar A. Abdelrahman
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science University of Minnesota 421 Washington Avenue SE Minneapolis MN 55455 USA
| | - Xinyu Li
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science University of Minnesota 421 Washington Avenue SE Minneapolis MN 55455 USA
| | - Saeed Alhassan
- Department of Chemical Engineering Khalifa University of Science and Technology Habshan Building, Sas Al Nakhl Campus Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates
| | - Paul J. Dauenhauer
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science University of Minnesota 421 Washington Avenue SE Minneapolis MN 55455 USA
| | - Alexandra Navrotsky
- Peter A. Rock Thermochemistry Laboratory NEAT-ORU University of California Davis Davis CA 95616 USA
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Diagnostic and Biological Sciences University of Minnesota 515 Delaware St SE Minneapolis MN 55455 USA
- Characterization Facility University of Minnesota 312 Church St Minneapolis MN 55455 USA
| | - Michael Tsapatsis
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science University of Minnesota 421 Washington Avenue SE Minneapolis MN 55455 USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and Institute for NanoBioTechnology Johns Hopkins University 3400 N. Charles Street Baltimore MD 21218 USA
- Applied Physics Laboratory Johns Hopkins University 11100 Johns Hopkins Road Laurel MD 20723 USA
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15
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Guefrachi Y, Sharma G, Xu D, Kumar G, Vinter KP, Abdelrahman OA, Li X, Alhassan S, Dauenhauer PJ, Navrotsky A, Zhang W, Tsapatsis M. Steam‐Induced Coarsening of Single‐Unit‐Cell MFI Zeolite Nanosheets and Its Effect on External Surface Brønsted Acid Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:9579-9585. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202000395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yasmine Guefrachi
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science University of Minnesota 421 Washington Avenue SE Minneapolis MN 55455 USA
| | - Geetu Sharma
- Peter A. Rock Thermochemistry Laboratory NEAT-ORU University of California Davis Davis CA 95616 USA
| | - Dandan Xu
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science University of Minnesota 421 Washington Avenue SE Minneapolis MN 55455 USA
| | - Gaurav Kumar
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science University of Minnesota 421 Washington Avenue SE Minneapolis MN 55455 USA
| | - Katherine P. Vinter
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science University of Minnesota 421 Washington Avenue SE Minneapolis MN 55455 USA
| | - Omar A. Abdelrahman
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science University of Minnesota 421 Washington Avenue SE Minneapolis MN 55455 USA
| | - Xinyu Li
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science University of Minnesota 421 Washington Avenue SE Minneapolis MN 55455 USA
| | - Saeed Alhassan
- Department of Chemical Engineering Khalifa University of Science and Technology Habshan Building, Sas Al Nakhl Campus Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates
| | - Paul J. Dauenhauer
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science University of Minnesota 421 Washington Avenue SE Minneapolis MN 55455 USA
| | - Alexandra Navrotsky
- Peter A. Rock Thermochemistry Laboratory NEAT-ORU University of California Davis Davis CA 95616 USA
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Diagnostic and Biological Sciences University of Minnesota 515 Delaware St SE Minneapolis MN 55455 USA
- Characterization Facility University of Minnesota 312 Church St Minneapolis MN 55455 USA
| | - Michael Tsapatsis
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science University of Minnesota 421 Washington Avenue SE Minneapolis MN 55455 USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and Institute for NanoBioTechnology Johns Hopkins University 3400 N. Charles Street Baltimore MD 21218 USA
- Applied Physics Laboratory Johns Hopkins University 11100 Johns Hopkins Road Laurel MD 20723 USA
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16
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Gontard LC, Cauqui MÁ, Yeste MP, Ozkaya D, Calvino JJ. Accurate 3D Characterization of Catalytic Bodies Surface by Scanning Electron Microscopy. ChemCatChem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201900659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lionel C. Gontard
- Department of Materials Science, Metallurgy and Inorganic ChemistryUniversity of Cádiz Puerto Real 11510 Spain
- Department of Informatics, ESIUniversity of Cádiz Puerto Real 11519 Spain
| | - Miguel Ángel Cauqui
- Department of Materials Science, Metallurgy and Inorganic ChemistryUniversity of Cádiz Puerto Real 11510 Spain
| | - María Pilar Yeste
- Department of Materials Science, Metallurgy and Inorganic ChemistryUniversity of Cádiz Puerto Real 11510 Spain
| | - Dogan Ozkaya
- Johnson Matthey Technology Centre Blount's Court, Sonning Common Reading RG4 9NH UK
| | - José Juan Calvino
- Department of Materials Science, Metallurgy and Inorganic ChemistryUniversity of Cádiz Puerto Real 11510 Spain
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17
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Attila Ö, King HE, Meirer F, Weckhuysen BM. 3D Raman Spectroscopy of Large Zeolite ZSM-5 Crystals. Chemistry 2019; 25:7158-7167. [PMID: 30828875 PMCID: PMC6563073 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201805664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Revised: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Hydrothermal treatment is a common method used to modify the physicochemical properties of zeolite‐based catalyst materials. It alters the number and type of acid sites through dealumination and increases molecular diffusion by mesopore formation. Steaming also reduces the structural integrity of zeolite frameworks. In this study, Raman microscopy has been used to map large zeolite ZSM‐5 crystals before and after steaming. 3D elemental maps of T−O (T: Al or Si) sites of the zeolite were obtained. The Raman active vibrational bands were determined, which are indicative of (non‐) framework Al, as well as of structural integrity. Zeolite steaming caused the introduction of additional heterogeneities within the zeolite framework. Al migration and the formation of extra‐framework Al species were observed. The described experiments demonstrate the capability of 3D Raman spectroscopy as a valuable tool to obtain information on the spatial distributions of framework elements as well as defects within a zeolite‐based material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Özgün Attila
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Helen E King
- Department of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Geosciences, Utrecht University, Princetonlaan 8a, 3584 CB, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Florian Meirer
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Bert M Weckhuysen
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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18
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Stanciakova K, Ensing B, Göltl F, Bulo RE, Weckhuysen BM. Cooperative Role of Water Molecules during the Initial Stage of Water-Induced Zeolite Dealumination. ACS Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.9b00307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Katarina Stanciakova
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis Group, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Bernd Ensing
- Van‘t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Nieuwe Achtergracht 166, 1018 WV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Florian Göltl
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin−Madison, 1415 Engineering Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Rosa E. Bulo
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis Group, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Bert M. Weckhuysen
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis Group, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
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19
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Nielsen M, Hafreager A, Brogaard RY, De Wispelaere K, Falsig H, Beato P, Van Speybroeck V, Svelle S. Collective action of water molecules in zeolite dealumination. Catal Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cy00624a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Water molecules cooperate to facilitate Al–O bond hydrolysis during zeolite dealumination at real steaming conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malte Nielsen
- Center for Materials Science and Nanotechnology (SMN)
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Oslo
- N-0315 Oslo
- Norway
| | | | - Rasmus Yding Brogaard
- Center for Materials Science and Nanotechnology (SMN)
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Oslo
- N-0315 Oslo
- Norway
| | - Kristof De Wispelaere
- Center for Molecular Modeling (CMM)
- Ghent University
- Tech Lane Ghent Science Park Campus A
- 9052 Zwijnaarde
- Belgium
| | | | | | - Veronique Van Speybroeck
- Center for Molecular Modeling (CMM)
- Ghent University
- Tech Lane Ghent Science Park Campus A
- 9052 Zwijnaarde
- Belgium
| | - Stian Svelle
- Center for Materials Science and Nanotechnology (SMN)
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Oslo
- N-0315 Oslo
- Norway
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20
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Verkleij SP, Whiting GT, Esclapez SP, Mertens MM, Bons AJ, Burgers M, Weckhuysen BM. Operando micro-spectroscopy on ZSM-5 containing extrudates during the oligomerization of 1-hexene. Catal Sci Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cy02460f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The influence of the binder material in an industrial-type catalyst material is often neglected, although the addition of a binder can cause a significant change in the performance of the catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanna P. Verkleij
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis
- Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science
- Utrecht University
- 3584 CG Utrecht
- The Netherlands
| | - Gareth T. Whiting
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis
- Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science
- Utrecht University
- 3584 CG Utrecht
- The Netherlands
| | | | - Machteld M. Mertens
- ExxonMobil Chemical Europe, Inc
- European Technology Centre
- 1831 Machelen
- Belgium
| | - Anton-Jan Bons
- ExxonMobil Chemical Europe, Inc
- European Technology Centre
- 1831 Machelen
- Belgium
| | - Martijn Burgers
- ExxonMobil Chemical Europe, Inc
- European Technology Centre
- 1831 Machelen
- Belgium
| | - Bert M. Weckhuysen
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis
- Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science
- Utrecht University
- 3584 CG Utrecht
- The Netherlands
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21
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Aslannejad H, Hassanizadeh S, Raoof A, de Winter D, Tomozeiu N, van Genuchten M. Characterizing the hydraulic properties of paper coating layer using FIB-SEM tomography and 3D pore-scale modeling. Chem Eng Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2016.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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22
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Ristanović Z, Kubarev AV, Hofkens J, Roeffaers MBJ, Weckhuysen BM. Single Molecule Nanospectroscopy Visualizes Proton-Transfer Processes within a Zeolite Crystal. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:13586-13596. [PMID: 27709925 PMCID: PMC5089756 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b06083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Visualizing proton-transfer processes at the nanoscale is essential for understanding the reactivity of zeolite-based catalyst materials. In this work, the Brønsted-acid-catalyzed oligomerization of styrene derivatives was used for the first time as a single molecule probe reaction to study the reactivity of individual zeolite H-ZSM-5 crystals in different zeolite framework, reactant and solvent environments. This was accomplished via the formation of distinct dimeric and trimeric fluorescent carbocations, characterized by their different photostability, as detected by single molecule fluorescence microscopy. The oligomerization kinetics turned out to be very sensitive to the reaction conditions and the presence of the local structural defects in zeolite H-ZSM-5 crystals. The remarkably photostable trimeric carbocations were found to be formed predominantly near defect-rich crystalline regions. This spectroscopic marker offers clear prospects for nanoscale quality control of zeolite-based materials. Interestingly, replacing n-heptane with 1-butanol as a solvent led to a reactivity decrease of several orders and shorter survival times of fluorescent products due to the strong chemisorption of 1-butanol onto the Brønsted acid sites. A similar effect was achieved by changing the electrophilic character of the para-substituent of the styrene moiety. Based on the measured turnover rates we have established a quantitative, single turnover approach to evaluate substituent and solvent effects on the reactivity of individual zeolite H-ZSM-5 crystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoran Ristanović
- Inorganic
Chemistry and Catalysis, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Alexey V. Kubarev
- Centre for Surface Chemistry and
Catalysis and Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200 F, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Johan Hofkens
- Centre for Surface Chemistry and
Catalysis and Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200 F, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Maarten B. J. Roeffaers
- Centre for Surface Chemistry and
Catalysis and Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200 F, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Bert M. Weckhuysen
- Inorganic
Chemistry and Catalysis, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
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23
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Enke D, Gläser R, Tallarek U. Sol-Gel and Porous Glass-Based Silica Monoliths with Hierarchical Pore Structure for Solid-Liquid Catalysis. CHEM-ING-TECH 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/cite.201600049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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24
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Silaghi MC, Chizallet C, Sauer J, Raybaud P. Dealumination mechanisms of zeolites and extra-framework aluminum confinement. J Catal 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2016.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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25
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Ristanović Z, Hofmann JP, Richard MI, Jiang T, Chahine GA, Schülli TU, Meirer F, Weckhuysen BM. X-ray Excited Optical Fluorescence and Diffraction Imaging of Reactivity and Crystallinity in a Zeolite Crystal: Crystallography and Molecular Spectroscopy in One. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 128:7622-7626. [PMID: 27478278 PMCID: PMC4950131 DOI: 10.1002/ange.201601796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Revised: 03/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Structure-activity relationships in heterogeneous catalysis are challenging to be measured on a single-particle level. For the first time, one X-ray beam is used to determine the crystallographic structure and reactivity of a single zeolite crystal. The method generates μm-resolved X-ray diffraction (μ-XRD) and X-ray excited optical fluorescence (μ-XEOF) maps of the crystallinity and Brønsted reactivity of a zeolite crystal previously reacted with a styrene probe molecule. The local gradients in chemical reactivity (derived from μ-XEOF) were correlated with local crystallinity and framework Al content, determined by μ-XRD. Two distinctly different types of fluorescent species formed selectively, depending on the local zeolite crystallinity. The results illustrate the potential of this approach to resolve the crystallographic structure of a porous material and its reactivity in one experiment via X-ray induced fluorescence of organic molecules formed at the reactive centers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoran Ristanović
- Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science Utrecht University Universiteitsweg 99 3584 CG Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Jan P Hofmann
- Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science Utrecht University Universiteitsweg 993584 CG Utrecht The Netherlands; Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513 5600 MB Eindhoven The Netherlands
| | - Marie-Ingrid Richard
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility 6 rue Jules Horowitz 38043 Grenoble Cedex France; Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, Université de Toulon, IM 2NP UMR 7334, 13397 Marseille France
| | - Tao Jiang
- Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science Utrecht University Universiteitsweg 99 3584 CG Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Gilbert A Chahine
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility 6 rue Jules Horowitz 38043 Grenoble Cedex France
| | - Tobias U Schülli
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility 6 rue Jules Horowitz 38043 Grenoble Cedex France
| | - Florian Meirer
- Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science Utrecht University Universiteitsweg 99 3584 CG Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Bert M Weckhuysen
- Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science Utrecht University Universiteitsweg 99 3584 CG Utrecht The Netherlands
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26
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Ristanović Z, Hofmann JP, Richard MI, Jiang T, Chahine GA, Schülli TU, Meirer F, Weckhuysen BM. X-ray Excited Optical Fluorescence and Diffraction Imaging of Reactivity and Crystallinity in a Zeolite Crystal: Crystallography and Molecular Spectroscopy in One. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:7496-500. [PMID: 27145171 PMCID: PMC4950320 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201601796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Revised: 03/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Structure-activity relationships in heterogeneous catalysis are challenging to be measured on a single-particle level. For the first time, one X-ray beam is used to determine the crystallographic structure and reactivity of a single zeolite crystal. The method generates μm-resolved X-ray diffraction (μ-XRD) and X-ray excited optical fluorescence (μ-XEOF) maps of the crystallinity and Brønsted reactivity of a zeolite crystal previously reacted with a styrene probe molecule. The local gradients in chemical reactivity (derived from μ-XEOF) were correlated with local crystallinity and framework Al content, determined by μ-XRD. Two distinctly different types of fluorescent species formed selectively, depending on the local zeolite crystallinity. The results illustrate the potential of this approach to resolve the crystallographic structure of a porous material and its reactivity in one experiment via X-ray induced fluorescence of organic molecules formed at the reactive centers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoran Ristanović
- Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jan P Hofmann
- Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Marie-Ingrid Richard
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 6 rue Jules Horowitz, 38043, Grenoble Cedex, France.,Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, Université de Toulon, IM2NP UMR 7334, 13397, Marseille, France
| | - Tao Jiang
- Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Gilbert A Chahine
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 6 rue Jules Horowitz, 38043, Grenoble Cedex, France
| | - Tobias U Schülli
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 6 rue Jules Horowitz, 38043, Grenoble Cedex, France
| | - Florian Meirer
- Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Bert M Weckhuysen
- Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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27
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de Winter DAM, Meirer F, Weckhuysen BM. FIB-SEM Tomography Probes the Mesoscale Pore Space of an Individual Catalytic Cracking Particle. ACS Catal 2016; 6:3158-3167. [PMID: 27453799 PMCID: PMC4954740 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.6b00302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Revised: 04/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The overall performance of a catalyst particle strongly depends on the ability of mass transport through its pore space. Characterizing the three-dimensional structure of the macro- and mesopore space of a catalyst particle and establishing a correlation with transport efficiency is an essential step toward designing highly effective catalyst particles. In this work, a generally applicable workflow is presented to characterize the transport efficiency of individual catalyst particles. The developed workflow involves a multiscale characterization approach making use of a focused ion beam-scanning electron microscope (FIB-SEM). SEM imaging is performed on cross sections of 10.000 μm2, visualizing a set of catalyst particles, while FIB-SEM tomography visualized the pore space of a large number of 8 μm3 cubes (subvolumes) of individual catalyst particles. Geometrical parameters (porosity, pore connectivity, and heterogeneity) of the material were used to generate large numbers of virtual 3D volumes resembling the sample's pore space characteristics, while being suitable for computationally demanding transport simulations. The transport ability, defined as the ratio of unhindered flow over hindered flow, is then determined via transport simulations through the virtual volumes. The simulation results are used as input for an upscaling routine based on an analogy with electrical networks, taking into account the spatial heterogeneity of the pore space over greater length scales. This novel approach is demonstrated for two distinct types of industrially manufactured fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) particles with zeolite Y as the active cracking component. Differences in physicochemical and catalytic properties were found to relate to differences in heterogeneities in the spatial porosity distribution. In addition to the characterization of existing FCC particles, our method of correlating pore space with transport efficiency does also allow for an up-front evaluation of the transport efficiency of new designs of FCC catalyst particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. A. Matthijs de Winter
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis
Group, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Florian Meirer
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis
Group, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Bert M. Weckhuysen
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis
Group, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
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28
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Karakaya C, Weddle PJ, Blasi JM, Diercks DR, Kee RJ. Modeling reaction–diffusion processes within catalyst washcoats: I. Microscale processes based on three-dimensional reconstructions. Chem Eng Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2016.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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29
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Hormann K, Baranau V, Hlushkou D, Höltzel A, Tallarek U. Topological analysis of non-granular, disordered porous media: determination of pore connectivity, pore coordination, and geometric tortuosity in physically reconstructed silica monoliths. NEW J CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5nj02814k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Different approaches are applied and compared, which are universally applicable to quantify pore coordination, pore and pore-throat connectivity, and geometric tortuosity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristof Hormann
- Department of Chemistry
- Philipps-Universität Marburg
- D-35032 Marburg
- Germany
| | - Vasili Baranau
- Department of Chemistry
- Philipps-Universität Marburg
- D-35032 Marburg
- Germany
| | - Dzmitry Hlushkou
- Department of Chemistry
- Philipps-Universität Marburg
- D-35032 Marburg
- Germany
| | - Alexandra Höltzel
- Department of Chemistry
- Philipps-Universität Marburg
- D-35032 Marburg
- Germany
| | - Ulrich Tallarek
- Department of Chemistry
- Philipps-Universität Marburg
- D-35032 Marburg
- Germany
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30
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Nielsen M, Brogaard RY, Falsig H, Beato P, Swang O, Svelle S. Kinetics of Zeolite Dealumination: Insights from H-SSZ-13. ACS Catal 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.5b01496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Malte Nielsen
- Center
for Materials Science and Nanotechnology (SMN), Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, P.O.
Box 1033, Blindern, N-0315 Oslo, Norway
- Haldor
Topsøe
A/S, Haldor Topsøes Allé
1, DK-2800 Kgs., Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Rasmus Yding Brogaard
- Center
for Materials Science and Nanotechnology (SMN), Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, P.O.
Box 1033, Blindern, N-0315 Oslo, Norway
| | - Hanne Falsig
- Haldor
Topsøe
A/S, Haldor Topsøes Allé
1, DK-2800 Kgs., Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Pablo Beato
- Haldor
Topsøe
A/S, Haldor Topsøes Allé
1, DK-2800 Kgs., Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Ole Swang
- Center
for Materials Science and Nanotechnology (SMN), Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, P.O.
Box 1033, Blindern, N-0315 Oslo, Norway
- SINTEF Materials
and Chemistry, P.O. Box 124 Blindern, 0314 Oslo, Norway
| | - Stian Svelle
- Center
for Materials Science and Nanotechnology (SMN), Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, P.O.
Box 1033, Blindern, N-0315 Oslo, Norway
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31
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Mitchell S, Pinar AB, Kenvin J, Crivelli P, Kärger J, Pérez-Ramírez J. Structural analysis of hierarchically organized zeolites. Nat Commun 2015; 6:8633. [PMID: 26482337 PMCID: PMC4667694 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms9633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2014] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Advances in materials synthesis bring about many opportunities for technological applications, but are often accompanied by unprecedented complexity. This is clearly illustrated by the case of hierarchically organized zeolite catalysts, a class of crystalline microporous solids that has been revolutionized by the engineering of multilevel pore architectures, which combine unique chemical functionality with efficient molecular transport. Three key attributes, the crystal, the pore and the active site structure, can be expected to dominate the design process. This review examines the adequacy of the palette of techniques applied to characterize these distinguishing features and their catalytic impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon Mitchell
- ETH Zurich, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ana B. Pinar
- ETH Zurich, Department of Materials, Laboratory of Crystallography, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jeffrey Kenvin
- Micromeritics Instruments Corporation, Communications Drive 4356, Norcross, Georgia 30093-2901, USA
| | - Paolo Crivelli
- ETH Zurich, Department of Physics, Institute for Particle Physics, Otto-Stern-Weg 5, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jörg Kärger
- University of Leipzig, Linnestrasse 5, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Javier Pérez-Ramírez
- ETH Zurich, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
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32
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Kubarev AV, Janssen KPF, Roeffaers MBJ. Noninvasive Nanoscopy Uncovers the Impact of the Hierarchical Porous Structure on the Catalytic Activity of Single Dealuminated Mordenite Crystals. ChemCatChem 2015; 7:3646-3650. [PMID: 26697122 PMCID: PMC4676926 DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201500708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Spatial restrictions around catalytic sites, provided by molecular-sized micropores, are beneficial to reaction selectivity but also inherently limit diffusion. The molecular transport can be enhanced by introducing meso- and macropores. However, the impact of this extraframework porosity on the local nanoscale reactivity is relatively unexplored. Herein we show that the area of enhanced reactivity in hierarchical zeolite, examined with super-resolution fluorescence microscopy, is spatially restricted to narrow zones around meso- and macropores, as observed with focused ion-beam-assisted scanning electron microscopy. This comparison indicates that reagent molecules efficiently reach catalytic active sites only in the micropores surrounding extraframework porosity and that extensive macroporosity does not warrant optimal reactivity distribution throughout a hierarchical porous zeolite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey V Kubarev
- Centre for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, KU Leuven Kasteelpark Arenberg 23, 3001, Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Kris P F Janssen
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, KU Leuven Celestijnenlaan 200 F, 3001, Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Maarten B J Roeffaers
- Centre for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, KU Leuven Kasteelpark Arenberg 23, 3001, Heverlee, Belgium
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Stoeckel D, Kübel C, Loeh MO, Smarsly BM, Tallarek U. Morphological Analysis of Physically Reconstructed Silica Monoliths with Submicrometer Macropores: Effect of Decreasing Domain Size on Structural Homogeneity. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2015; 31:7391-7400. [PMID: 25654337 DOI: 10.1021/la5046018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Silica monoliths are increasingly used as fixed-bed supports in separation and catalysis because their bimodal pore space architecture combines excellent mass transport properties with a large surface area. To optimize their performance, a quantitative relationship between morphology and transport characteristics has to be established, and synthesis conditions that lead to a desired morphology optimized for a targeted application must be identified. However, the effects of specific synthesis parameters on the structural properties of silica monoliths are still poorly understood. An important question is how far the macropore and domain size can be reduced without compromising the structural homogeneity. We address this question with quantitative morphological data derived for a set of eight macroporous-mesoporous silica monoliths with an average macropore size (d(macro)) of between 3.7 and 0.1 μm, prepared following an established route involving the sol-gel transition and phase separation. The macropore space of the silica monolith samples is reconstructed using focused ion beam scanning electron microscopy followed by a quantitative assessment of geometrical and topological properties based on chord length distributions (CLDs) and branch-node analysis of the pore network, respectively. We observe a significant increase in structural heterogeneity, indicated by a decrease in the parameter k derived from fitting a k-gamma function to the CLDs, when d(macro) reaches the submicrometer range. The compromised structural homogeneity of silica monoliths with submicrometer macropores could possibly originate from early structural freezing during the competitive processes of sol-gel transition and phase separation. It is therefore questionable if the common approach of reducing the morphological features of silica monoliths into the submicrometer regime by changing the point of sol-gel transition can be successful. Alternative strategies and a better understanding of the involved competitive processes should be the focus of future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Stoeckel
- †Department of Chemistry, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse, 35032 Marburg, Germany
- ‡Institute of Physical Chemistry, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 58, 35392 Gießen, Germany
| | - Christian Kübel
- §Institute of Nanotechnology and Karlsruhe Nano Micro Facility, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Marc O Loeh
- ‡Institute of Physical Chemistry, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 58, 35392 Gießen, Germany
| | - Bernd M Smarsly
- ‡Institute of Physical Chemistry, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 58, 35392 Gießen, Germany
| | - Ulrich Tallarek
- †Department of Chemistry, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse, 35032 Marburg, Germany
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Whiting GT, Meirer F, Mertens MM, Bons A, Weiss BM, Stevens PA, de Smit E, Weckhuysen BM. Binder Effects in SiO 2- and Al 2O 3-Bound Zeolite ZSM-5-Based Extrudates as Studied by Microspectroscopy. ChemCatChem 2015; 7:1312-1321. [PMID: 27158274 PMCID: PMC4834610 DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201402897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Microspectroscopic methods were explored to investigate binder effects occurring in ZSM-5-containing SiO2- and Al2O3-bound millimetre-sized extrudates. Using thiophene as a selective probe for Brønsted acidity, coupled with time-resolved in situ UV/Vis and confocal fluorescence microspectroscopy, variations in reactivity and selectivity between the two distinct binder types were established. It was found that aluminium migration occurs in ZSM-5-containing Al2O3-bound extrudates, forming additional Brønsted acid sites. These sites strongly influence the oligomer selectivity, favouring the formation of thiol-like species (i.e., ring-opened species) in contrast to higher oligomers, predominantly formed on SiO2-bound ZSM-5-containing extrudates. Not only were the location and distribution of these oligomers visualised by 3 D analysis, it was also observed that more conjugated species appeared to grow off the surface of the zeolite ZSM-5 crystals (containing less conjugated species) into the surrounding binder material. Furthermore, a higher binder content resulted in an increasing overall reactivity owing to the greater number of stored thiophene monomers available per Brønsted acid site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gareth T. Whiting
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis Group, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG, Utrecht (The Netherlands)
| | - Florian Meirer
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis Group, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG, Utrecht (The Netherlands)
| | - Machteld M. Mertens
- ExxonMobil Process Technology, ExxonMobil Research and Engineering Company, 1545 Route 22 East, Annandale, NJ 08801 (USA)
| | - Anton‐Jan Bons
- ExxonMobil Chemical Europe, Inc. European Technology Centre, Hermeslaan 2, B‐1831, Machelen (Belgium)
| | - Brian M. Weiss
- Corporate Strategic Research, ExxonMobil Research and Engineering Company, 1545 Route 22 East Annandale, NJ 08801 (USA)
| | - Paul A. Stevens
- Corporate Strategic Research, ExxonMobil Research and Engineering Company, 1545 Route 22 East Annandale, NJ 08801 (USA)
| | - Emiel de Smit
- ExxonMobil Chemical Europe, Inc. European Technology Centre, Hermeslaan 2, B‐1831, Machelen (Belgium)
| | - Bert M. Weckhuysen
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis Group, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG, Utrecht (The Netherlands)
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Wei Y, Parmentier TE, de Jong KP, Zečević J. Tailoring and visualizing the pore architecture of hierarchical zeolites. Chem Soc Rev 2015; 44:7234-61. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cs00155b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 278] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
This review provides an overview of the different synthesis methods and microscopy techniques for tailoring and visualizing the pore architecture of hierarchical zeolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wei
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis
- Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science
- Utrecht University
- Utrecht
- Netherlands
| | - Tanja E. Parmentier
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis
- Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science
- Utrecht University
- Utrecht
- Netherlands
| | - Krijn P. de Jong
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis
- Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science
- Utrecht University
- Utrecht
- Netherlands
| | - Jovana Zečević
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis
- Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science
- Utrecht University
- Utrecht
- Netherlands
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Silaghi MC, Chizallet C, Petracovschi E, Kerber T, Sauer J, Raybaud P. Regioselectivity of Al–O Bond Hydrolysis during Zeolites Dealumination Unified by Brønsted–Evans–Polanyi Relationship. ACS Catal 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/cs501474u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Céline Chizallet
- IFP Energies nouvelles,
Rond-point de l’échangeur de Solaize, BP3, 69360 Solaize, France
| | - Elena Petracovschi
- IFP Energies nouvelles,
Rond-point de l’échangeur de Solaize, BP3, 69360 Solaize, France
| | - Torsten Kerber
- IFP Energies nouvelles,
Rond-point de l’échangeur de Solaize, BP3, 69360 Solaize, France
| | - Joachim Sauer
- Institute
of Chemistry, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Unter den
Linden 6, 10099 Berlin, Germany
| | - Pascal Raybaud
- IFP Energies nouvelles,
Rond-point de l’échangeur de Solaize, BP3, 69360 Solaize, France
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Lu J, Roeffaers MBJ, Bartholomeeusen E, Sels BF, Schryvers D. Intergrowth of components and ramps in coffin-shaped ZSM-5 zeolite crystals unraveled by focused ion beam-assisted transmission electron microscopy. MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA, MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 2014; 20:42-49. [PMID: 24188095 DOI: 10.1017/s1431927613013731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Scanning electron microscopy, focused ion beam (FIB), and transmission electron microscopy are combined to study the intergrowth of 90° rotational components and of ramps in coffin-shaped ZSM-5 crystals. The 90° rotational boundaries with local zig-zag features between different intergrowth components are observed in the main part of crystal. Also a new kind of displacement boundary is described. At the displacement boundary there is a shift of the unit cells along the boundary without a change in orientation. Based on lamellae prepared with FIB from different positions of the ramps and crystal, the orientation relationships between ramps and the main part of the crystal are studied and the three-dimensional morphology and growth mechanism of the ramp are illustrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangbo Lu
- EMAT, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | | | | | - Bert F Sels
- COK, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 23, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium
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Whiting GT, Meirer F, Valencia D, Mertens MM, Bons AJ, Weiss BM, Stevens PA, de Smit E, Weckhuysen BM. Selective staining of Brønsted acidity in zeolite ZSM-5-based catalyst extrudates using thiophene as a probe. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 16:21531-42. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cp03649b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Brønsted acid site density dictates the reaction pathway in ZSM-5-based extrudates during thiophene oligomerization, visualized non-invasively in 3D using micro-spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gareth T. Whiting
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis group
- Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science
- Utrecht University
- 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Florian Meirer
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis group
- Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science
- Utrecht University
- 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Diego Valencia
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis group
- Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science
- Utrecht University
- 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Machteld M. Mertens
- ExxonMobil Process Technology
- ExxonMobil Research and Engineering Company
- Annandale, USA
| | - Anton-Jan Bons
- ExxonMobil Chemical Europe
- Inc
- European Technology Centre
- Hermeslaan 2
- B-1831 Machelen, Belgium
| | - Brian M. Weiss
- Corporate Strategic Research
- ExxonMobil Research and Engineering Company
- , USA
| | - Paul A. Stevens
- Corporate Strategic Research
- ExxonMobil Research and Engineering Company
- , USA
| | - Emiel de Smit
- ExxonMobil Chemical Europe
- Inc
- European Technology Centre
- Hermeslaan 2
- B-1831 Machelen, Belgium
| | - Bert M. Weckhuysen
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis group
- Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science
- Utrecht University
- 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Catalyst deactivation by coke formation in microporous and desilicated zeolite H-ZSM-5 during the conversion of methanol to hydrocarbons. J Catal 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2013.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Karreman MA, Buurmans ILC, Agronskaia AV, Geus JW, Gerritsen HC, Weckhuysen BM. Probing the Different Life Stages of a Fluid Catalytic Cracking Particle with Integrated Laser and Electron Microscopy. Chemistry 2013; 19:3846-59. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201203491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Aramburo LR, Ruiz-Martínez J, Hofmann JP, Weckhuysen BM. Imaging the effect of a hydrothermal treatment on the pore accessibility and acidity of large ZSM-5 zeolite crystals by selective staining. Catal Sci Technol 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cy20661g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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43
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Visualization of hierarchically structured zeolite bodies from macro to nano length scales. Nat Chem 2012; 4:825-31. [PMID: 23000996 DOI: 10.1038/nchem.1403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2012] [Accepted: 07/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A major challenge in the implementation of laboratory-designed catalysts is the scale-up into technically relevant forms. Advanced characterization is essential to understand and optimize catalyst assembly and function in industrial reactors. This Article presents an integrated approach to visualizing millimetre-sized extrudates and granules of a hierarchical MFI-type zeolite, displaying trimodal networks of micropores (0.56 nm), intracrystalline mesopores (∼10 nm) and macropores (∼200-300 nm). As exemplified for the conversion of methanol to olefins, the hierarchical zeolite yields a superior performance compared to its conventional analogue. The combination of dedicated specimen preparation with state-of-the-art optical, X-ray and electron-based microscopic and tomographic techniques proves a powerful methodology to reveal otherwise inaccessible information regarding structural organization over the whole range of length scales. It is expected that these tools will play a crucial role in the rationalization of scale-up principles in catalyst development.
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Aramburo LR, Wirick S, Miedema PS, Buurmans ILC, de Groot FMF, Weckhuysen BM. Styrene oligomerization as a molecular probe reaction for Brønsted acidity at the nanoscale. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2012; 14:6967-73. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cp22848c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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