1
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Chao X, Zhang B, Yang S, Liu X, Zhang J, Zang X, Chen L, Qi L, Wang X, Hu H. Enrichment methods of N-linked glycopeptides from human serum or plasma: A mini-review. Carbohydr Res 2024; 538:109094. [PMID: 38564900 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2024.109094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Human diseases often correlate with changes in protein glycosylation, which can be observed in serum or plasma samples. N-glycosylation, the most common form, can provide potential biomarkers for disease prognosis and diagnosis. However, glycoproteins constitute a relatively small proportion of the total proteins in human serum and plasma compared to the non-glycosylated protein albumin, which constitutes the majority. The detection of microheterogeneity and low glycan abundance presents a challenge. Mass spectrometry facilitates glycoproteomics research, yet it faces challenges due to interference from abundant plasma proteins. Therefore, methods have emerged to enrich N-glycans and N-linked glycopeptides using glycan affinity, chemical properties, stationary phase chemical coupling, bioorthogonal techniques, and other alternatives. This review focuses on N-glycans and N-glycopeptides enrichment in human serum or plasma, emphasizing methods and applications. Although not exhaustive, it aims to elucidate principles and showcase the utility and limitations of glycoproteome characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuyuan Chao
- Phase I Clinical Trial Center, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100038, People's Republic of China
| | - Baoying Zhang
- Phase I Clinical Trial Center, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100038, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengjie Yang
- Phase I Clinical Trial Center, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100038, People's Republic of China
| | - Xizi Liu
- Institute of Apicultural Research/Key Laboratory of Pollinating Insect Biology, Ministry of Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 1 Beigou Xiangshan, Beijing, 100093, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingyi Zhang
- Phase I Clinical Trial Center, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100038, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Zang
- Phase I Clinical Trial Center, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100038, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Chen
- Phase I Clinical Trial Center, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100038, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Qi
- Phase I Clinical Trial Center, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100038, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinghe Wang
- Phase I Clinical Trial Center, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100038, People's Republic of China.
| | - Han Hu
- Institute of Apicultural Research/Key Laboratory of Pollinating Insect Biology, Ministry of Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 1 Beigou Xiangshan, Beijing, 100093, People's Republic of China.
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2
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Tang Q, Yin D, Liu Y, Zhang J, Guan Y, Kong H, Wang Y, Zhang X, Li J, Wang L, Hu J, Cai X, Zhu Y. Clickable X-ray Nanoprobes for Nanoscopic Bioimaging of Cellular Structures. JACS AU 2024; 4:893-902. [PMID: 38559738 PMCID: PMC10976567 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.4c00056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Synchrotron-based X-ray microscopy (XRM) has garnered widespread attention from researchers due to its high spatial resolution and excellent energy (element) resolution. Existing molecular probes suitable for XRM include immune probes and genetic labeling probes, enabling the precise imaging of various biological targets within cells. However, immune labeling techniques are prone to cross-interference between antigens and antibodies. Genetic labeling technologies have limited systems that allow express markers independently, and moreover, genetically encoded labels based on catalytic polymerization lack a fixed morphology. When applied to cell imaging, this can result in reduced localization accuracy due to the diffusion of labels within the cells. Therefore, both techniques face challenges in simultaneously labeling multiple biotargets within cells and achieving high-precision imaging. In this work, we applied the click reaction and developed a third category of imaging probes suitable for XRM, termed clickable X-ray nanoprobes (Click-XRN). Click-XRN consists of two components: an X-ray-sensitive multicolor imaging module and a particle-size-controllable morphology module. Efficient identification of intra- and extracellular biotargets is achieved through click reactions between the probe and biomolecules. Click-XRN possesses a controllable particle size, and its loading of various metal ions provides distinctive signals for imaging under XRM. Based on this, we optimized the imaging energy of Click-XRN with different particle sizes, enabling single-color and two-color imaging of the cell membrane, cell nucleus, and mitochondria with nanoscale spatial nanometers. Our work provides a potent molecular tool for investigating cellular activities through XRM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaowei Tang
- Institute
of Materiobiology, College of Science, Shanghai
University, Shanghai 200444, China
- Xiangfu
Laboratory, Jiashan 314102, China
| | - Dapeng Yin
- Division
of Physical Biology, CAS Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and
Technology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Yubo Liu
- Division
of Physical Biology, CAS Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and
Technology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Jichao Zhang
- Shanghai
Synchrotron Radiation Facility (SSRF), Shanghai
Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201204, China
| | - Yong Guan
- National
Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University
of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230029, China
| | - Huating Kong
- Shanghai
Synchrotron Radiation Facility (SSRF), Shanghai
Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201204, China
| | - Yiliu Wang
- Division
of Physical Biology, CAS Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and
Technology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Xiangzhi Zhang
- Shanghai
Synchrotron Radiation Facility (SSRF), Shanghai
Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201204, China
| | - Jiang Li
- Institute
of Materiobiology, College of Science, Shanghai
University, Shanghai 200444, China
- Division
of Physical Biology, CAS Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and
Technology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Lihua Wang
- Institute
of Materiobiology, College of Science, Shanghai
University, Shanghai 200444, China
- Division
of Physical Biology, CAS Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and
Technology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Jun Hu
- Institute
of Materiobiology, College of Science, Shanghai
University, Shanghai 200444, China
- Division
of Physical Biology, CAS Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and
Technology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Xiaoqing Cai
- Shanghai
Synchrotron Radiation Facility (SSRF), Shanghai
Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201204, China
| | - Ying Zhu
- Institute
of Materiobiology, College of Science, Shanghai
University, Shanghai 200444, China
- Division
of Physical Biology, CAS Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and
Technology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
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3
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Ghaemi B, Tanwar S, Singh A, Arifin DR, McMahon MT, Barman I, Bulte JWM. Cell-Penetrating and Enzyme-Responsive Peptides for Targeted Cancer Therapy: Role of Arginine Residue Length on Cell Penetration and In Vivo Systemic Toxicity. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:11159-11171. [PMID: 38385360 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c14908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
For the improved delivery of cancer therapeutics and imaging agents, the conjugation of cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) increases the cellular uptake and water solubility of agents. Among the various CPPs, arginine-rich peptides have been the most widely used. Combining CPPs with enzyme-responsive peptides presents an innovative strategy to target specific intracellular enzymes in cancer cells and when combined with the appropriate click chemistry can enhance theranostic drug delivery through the formation of intracellular self-assembled nanostructures. However, one drawback of CPPs is their high positive charge which can cause nonspecific binding, leading to off-target accumulation and potential toxicity. Hence, balancing cell-specific penetration, toxicity, and biocompatibility is essential for future clinical efficacy. We synthesized six cancer-specific, legumain-responsive RnAANCK peptides containing one to six arginine residues, with legumain being an asparaginyl endopeptidase that is overexpressed in aggressive prostate tumors. When conjugated to Alexa Fluor 488, R1-R6AANCK peptides exhibited a concentration- and time-dependent cell penetration in prostate cancer cells, which was higher for peptides with higher R values, reaching a plateau after approximately 120 min. Highly aggressive DU145 prostate tumor cells, but not less aggressive LNCaP cells, self-assembled nanoparticles in the cytosol after the cleavage of the legumain-specific peptide. The in vivo biocompatibility was assessed in mice after the intravenous injection of R1-R6AANCK peptides, with concentrations ranging from 0.0125 to 0.4 mmol/kg. The higher arginine content in R4-6 peptides showed blood and urine indicators for the impairment of bone marrow, liver, and kidney function in a dose-dependent manner, with instant hemolysis and morbidity in extreme cases. These findings underscore the importance of designing peptides with the optimal arginine residue length for a proper balance of cell-specific penetration, toxicity, and in vivo biocompatibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behnaz Ghaemi
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of MR Research, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
- Cellular Imaging Section and Vascular Biology Program, Institute for Cell Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
| | - Swati Tanwar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University Whiting School of Engineering, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Aruna Singh
- F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Inc., Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
| | - Dian R Arifin
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of MR Research, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
- Cellular Imaging Section and Vascular Biology Program, Institute for Cell Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
| | - Michael T McMahon
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of MR Research, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
- F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Inc., Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
| | - Ishan Barman
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of MR Research, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University Whiting School of Engineering, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
- Department of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
| | - Jeff W M Bulte
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of MR Research, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
- Cellular Imaging Section and Vascular Biology Program, Institute for Cell Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
- F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Inc., Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
- Department of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University Whiting School of Engineering, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
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4
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Gong N, Han X, Xue L, El-Mayta R, Metzloff AE, Billingsley MM, Hamilton AG, Mitchell MJ. In situ PEGylation of CAR T cells alleviates cytokine release syndrome and neurotoxicity. NATURE MATERIALS 2023; 22:1571-1580. [PMID: 37696939 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-023-01646-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR T) cell immunotherapy is successful at treating many cancers. However, it often induces life-threatening cytokine release syndrome (CRS) and neurotoxicity. Here, we show that in situ conjugation of polyethylene glycol (PEG) to the surface of CAR T cells ('PEGylation') creates a polymeric spacer that blocks cell-to-cell interactions between CAR T cells, tumour cells and monocytes. Such blockage hinders intensive tumour lysing and monocyte activation by CAR T cells and, consequently, decreases the secretion of toxic cytokines and alleviates CRS-related symptoms. Over time, the slow expansion of CAR T cells decreases PEG surface density and restores CAR T cell-tumour-cell interactions to induce potent tumour killing. This occurs before the restoration of CAR T cell-monocyte interactions, opening a therapeutic window for tumour killing by CAR T cells before monocyte overactivation. Lethal neurotoxicity is also lower when compared with treatment with the therapeutic antibody tocilizumab, demonstrating that in situ PEGylation of CAR T cells provides a materials-based strategy for safer cellular immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningqiang Gong
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Xuexiang Han
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Lulu Xue
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Rakan El-Mayta
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ann E Metzloff
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Alex G Hamilton
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Michael J Mitchell
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Penn Institute for RNA Innovation, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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5
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Saha PC, Das RS, Das S, Sepay N, Chatterjee T, Mukherjee A, Bera T, Kar S, Bhattacharyya M, Sengupta A, Guha S. Live-Cell Mitochondrial Targeted NIR Fluorescent Covalent Labeling of Specific Proteins Using a Dual Localization Effect. Bioconjug Chem 2023; 34:1407-1417. [PMID: 37289994 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.3c00185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Here, our designed water-soluble NIR fluorescent unsymmetrical Cy-5-Mal/TPP+ consists of a lipophilic cationic TPP+ subunit that can selectively target and accumulate in a live-cell inner mitochondrial matrix where a maleimide residue of the probe undergoes faster chemoselective and site-specific covalent attachment with the exposed Cys residue of mitochondrion-specific proteins. On the basis of this dual localization effect, Cy-5-Mal/TPP+ molecules remain for a longer time period even after membrane depolarization, enabling long-term live-cell mitochondrial imaging. Due to the adequate concentration of Cy-5-Mal/TPP+ reached in live-cell mitochondria, it facilitates site-selective NIR fluorescent covalent labeling with Cys-exposed proteins, which are identified by the in-gel fluorescence assay and LC-MS/MS-based proteomics and supported by a computational method. This dual targeting approach with admirable photostability, narrow NIR absorption/emission bands, bright emission, long fluorescence lifetime, and insignificant cytotoxicity has been shown to improve real-time live-cell mitochondrial tracking including dynamics and interorganelle crosstalk with multicolor imaging applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pranab Chandra Saha
- Department of Chemistry, Organic Chemistry Section, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, West Bengal 700032, India
| | - Rabi Sankar Das
- Department of Chemistry, Organic Chemistry Section, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, West Bengal 700032, India
| | - Shreya Das
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, West Bengal 700032, India
| | - Nayim Sepay
- Department of Chemistry, Organic Chemistry Section, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, West Bengal 700032, India
| | - Tanima Chatterjee
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, West Bengal 700019, India
| | - Ayan Mukherjee
- Department of Chemistry, Organic Chemistry Section, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, West Bengal 700032, India
| | - Tapas Bera
- Department of Chemistry, Organic Chemistry Section, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, West Bengal 700032, India
| | - Samiran Kar
- Department of Chemistry, Organic Chemistry Section, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, West Bengal 700032, India
| | - Maitree Bhattacharyya
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, West Bengal 700019, India
| | - Arunima Sengupta
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, West Bengal 700032, India
| | - Samit Guha
- Department of Chemistry, Organic Chemistry Section, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, West Bengal 700032, India
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6
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Lu X, McDowell CT, Blaschke CRK, Liu L, Grimsley G, Wisniewski L, Gao C, Mehta AS, Haab BB, Angel PM, Drake RR. Bioorthogonal Chemical Labeling Probes Targeting Sialic Acid Isomers for N-Glycan MALDI Imaging Mass Spectrometry of Tissues, Cells, and Biofluids. Anal Chem 2023; 95:7475-7486. [PMID: 37126482 PMCID: PMC10193362 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c04882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Sialic acid isomers attached in either α2,3 or α2,6 linkage to glycan termini confer distinct chemical, biological, and pathological properties, but they cannot be distinguished by mass differences in traditional mass spectrometry experiments. Multiple derivatization strategies have been developed to stabilize and facilitate the analysis of sialic acid isomers and their glycoconjugate carriers by high-performance liquid chromatography, capillary electrophoresis, and mass spectrometry workflows. Herein, a set of novel derivatization schemes are described that result in the introduction of bioorthogonal click chemistry alkyne or azide groups into α2,3- and α2,8-linked sialic acids. These chemical modifications were validated and structurally characterized using model isomeric sialic acid conjugates and model protein carriers. Use of an alkyne-amine, propargylamine, as the second amidation reagent effectively introduces an alkyne functional group into α2,3-linked sialic acid glycoproteins. In tissues, serum, and cultured cells, this allows for the detection and visualization of N-linked glycan sialic acid isomers by imaging mass spectrometry approaches. Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded prostate cancer tissues and pancreatic cancer cell lines were used to characterize the numbers and distribution of alkyne-modified α2,3-linked sialic acid N-glycans. An azide-amine compound with a poly(ethylene glycol) linker was evaluated for use in histochemical staining. Formalin-fixed pancreatic cancer tissues were amidated with the azide amine, reacted with biotin-alkyne and copper catalyst, and sialic acid isomers detected by streptavidin-peroxidase staining. The direct chemical introduction of bioorthogonal click chemistry reagents into sialic acid-containing glycans and glycoproteins provides a new glycomic tool set to expand approaches for their detection, labeling, visualization, and enrichment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Lu
- Department
of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina 29425-2503, United
States
| | - Colin T. McDowell
- Department
of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina 29425-2503, United
States
| | - Calvin R. K. Blaschke
- Department
of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina 29425-2503, United
States
| | - Liping Liu
- Department
of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina 29425-2503, United
States
| | - Grace Grimsley
- Department
of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina 29425-2503, United
States
| | - Luke Wisniewski
- Department
of Cell Biology, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, Michigan 49503, United States
| | - ChongFeng Gao
- Department
of Cell Biology, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, Michigan 49503, United States
| | - Anand S. Mehta
- Department
of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina 29425-2503, United
States
| | - Brian B. Haab
- Department
of Cell Biology, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, Michigan 49503, United States
| | - Peggi M. Angel
- Department
of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina 29425-2503, United
States
| | - Richard R. Drake
- Department
of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina 29425-2503, United
States
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7
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Sun F, Suttapitugsakul S, Wu R. Systematic characterization of extracellular glycoproteins using mass spectrometry. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2023; 42:519-545. [PMID: 34047389 PMCID: PMC8627532 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Surface and secreted glycoproteins are essential to cells and regulate many extracellular events. Because of the diversity of glycans, the low abundance of many glycoproteins, and the complexity of biological samples, a system-wide investigation of extracellular glycoproteins is a daunting task. With the development of modern mass spectrometry (MS)-based proteomics, comprehensive analysis of different protein modifications including glycosylation has advanced dramatically. This review focuses on the investigation of extracellular glycoproteins using MS-based proteomics. We first discuss the methods for selectively enriching surface glycoproteins and investigating protein interactions on the cell surface, followed by the application of MS-based proteomics for surface glycoprotein dynamics analysis and biomarker discovery. We then summarize the methods to comprehensively study secreted glycoproteins by integrating various enrichment approaches with MS-based proteomics and their applications for global analysis of secreted glycoproteins in different biological samples. Collectively, MS significantly expands our knowledge of extracellular glycoproteins and enables us to identify extracellular glycoproteins as potential biomarkers for disease detection and drug targets for disease treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ronghu Wu
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
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8
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Kondengadan SM, Bansal S, Yang C, Liu D, Fultz Z, Wang B. Click chemistry and drug delivery: A bird’s-eye view. Acta Pharm Sin B 2022; 13:1990-2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2022.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
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9
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Brandi J, Noberini R, Bonaldi T, Cecconi D. Advances in enrichment methods for mass spectrometry-based proteomics analysis of post-translational modifications. J Chromatogr A 2022; 1678:463352. [PMID: 35896048 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.463352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Post-translational modifications (PTMs) occur during or after protein biosynthesis and increase the functional diversity of proteome. They comprise phosphorylation, acetylation, methylation, glycosylation, ubiquitination, sumoylation (among many other modifications), and influence all aspects of cell biology. Mass-spectrometry (MS)-based proteomics is the most powerful approach for PTM analysis. Despite this, it is challenging due to low abundance and labile nature of many PTMs. Hence, enrichment of modified peptides is required for MS analysis. This review provides an overview of most common PTMs and a discussion of current enrichment methods for MS-based proteomics analysis. The traditional affinity strategies, including immunoenrichment, chromatography and protein pull-down, are outlined together with their strengths and shortcomings. Moreover, a special attention is paid to chemical enrichment strategies, such as capture by chemoselective probes, metabolic and chemoenzymatic labelling, which are discussed with an emphasis on their recent progress. Finally, the challenges and future trends in the field are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Brandi
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy.
| | - Roberta Noberini
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology (IEO) IRCCS, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milano, Italy.
| | - Tiziana Bonaldi
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology (IEO) IRCCS, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milano, Italy; Department of Oncology and Haemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Via Festa del Perdono 7, 20122 Milano, Italy.
| | - Daniela Cecconi
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy.
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10
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Tang J, Li B, Qi C, Wang Z, Yin K, Guo L, Zhang W, Yuan B. Imaging specific cell-surface sialylation using DNA dendrimer-assisted FRET. Talanta 2022; 243:123399. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2022.123399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Revised: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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11
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Hu M, Ling Z, Ren X. Extracellular matrix dynamics: tracking in biological systems and their implications. J Biol Eng 2022; 16:13. [PMID: 35637526 PMCID: PMC9153193 DOI: 10.1186/s13036-022-00292-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) constitutes the main acellular microenvironment of cells in almost all tissues and organs. The ECM not only provides mechanical support, but also mediates numerous biochemical interactions to guide cell survival, proliferation, differentiation, and migration. Thus, better understanding the everchanging temporal and spatial shifts in ECM composition and structure – the ECM dynamics – will provide fundamental insight regarding extracellular regulation of tissue homeostasis and how tissue states transition from one to another during diverse pathophysiological processes. This review outlines the mechanisms mediating ECM-cell interactions and highlights how changes in the ECM modulate tissue development and disease progression, using the lung as the primary model organ. We then discuss existing methodologies for revealing ECM compositional dynamics, with a particular focus on tracking newly synthesized ECM proteins. Finally, we discuss the ramifications ECM dynamics have on tissue engineering and how to implement spatial and temporal specific extracellular microenvironments into bioengineered tissues. Overall, this review communicates the current capabilities for studying native ECM dynamics and delineates new research directions in discovering and implementing ECM dynamics to push the frontier forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Hu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Zihan Ling
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Xi Ren
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.
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12
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Perez LM, Nonn L. Harnessing the Utility of Ex Vivo Patient Prostate Tissue Slice Cultures. Front Oncol 2022; 12:864723. [PMID: 35433436 PMCID: PMC9008363 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.864723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Patient-derived prostate tissue explant cultures are powerful research tools that offer the potential for personalized medicine. These cultures preserve the local microenvironment of the surrounding stroma but are not without limitations and challenges. There are several methods and processing techniques to culture tissue ex vivo, that include explant tissue chunks and precision-cut tissue slices. Precision-cut tissue slices provide a consistent distribution of nutrients and gases to the explant. Herein we summarize the prostate tissue slice method, its limitations and discuss the utility of this model, to investigate prostate biology and therapeutic treatment responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lillian M Perez
- University of Illinois at Chicago Pathology Department, Chicago, IL, United States.,University of Illinois Cancer Center, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Larisa Nonn
- University of Illinois at Chicago Pathology Department, Chicago, IL, United States.,University of Illinois Cancer Center, Chicago, IL, United States
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13
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Abstract
The surface of every eukaryotic cell is coated in a dense layer of structurally diverse glycans that together comprise the glycocalyx, a key interface between intracellular biochemistry and the external environment. Many of the glycans within the glycocalyx terminate in anionic monosaccharides belonging to the sialic acid family. Advances in our understanding of the biological processes mediated by sialic acids at the interfaces between cells have catalyzed interest in metabolic, enzymatic, and chemical strategies to edit the total complement of cellular sialic acids-the sialome. Here, we review strategies for altering the composition of the sialome with particular focus on glycan structures and state-of-the-art tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Landon J. Edgar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, The University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5S 1A8
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14
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[Preparation of multi-functional magnetic nanoparticles for harvesting low-molecular-weight glycoproteins]. Se Pu 2021; 39:1102-1110. [PMID: 34505432 PMCID: PMC9404145 DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1123.2021.07019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
低分子量糖蛋白被认为是发现疾病生物标志物的宝库。特异性的萃取吸附剂对这一类化合物的萃取和富集是必不可少的。硼亲和材料在近年来取得了很大的发展,但专门用于选择性富集低分子量糖蛋白的硼亲和材料目前鲜有报道。该文提出了具有多种功能的磁性纳米颗粒(MNPs),用于低分子量糖蛋白的选择性捕获。该多功能磁性纳米颗粒是用硼酸功能化聚合物网络包裹的磁性纳米复合物。该多功能磁性纳米材料是利用磁性的纳米颗粒内核通过在其表面修饰苯硼酸功能团的聚丙烯酸高分子网络链制备得到。该材料不仅具有常规磁性材料在磁分离方面的基本优势,还能提供三重预先设计的先进功能:1)尺寸排阻效应,去除高分子量蛋白质的干扰;2)对低分子量糖蛋白的选择性萃取;3)保护捕获到的低分子量糖蛋白不被降解和污染。该材料的选择性萃取功能来自于硼酸配基与糖蛋白的顺式二醇部分的亲和性,而尺寸限制效应和保护功能则依赖于磁性纳米颗粒表面修饰的聚合物网络,允许低分子量化合物选择性通过。通过实验验证了这些预设的功能,且通过改变聚合物链长可以调节限径效应的阈值。这种多功能磁性纳米复合物可以进一步发展成有前景的纳米探针,不仅可以选择性捕获低分子量糖蛋白,还可以选择性捕获核苷和聚糖等其他具有重要生物学意义的顺式二醇分子。因此,该文报道的材料制备策略为从复杂样品中选择性萃取靶标化合物的多功能吸附剂的设计和合成提供了新思路。
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15
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[Recent advances in glycopeptide enrichment and mass spectrometry data interpretation approaches for glycoproteomics analyses]. Se Pu 2021; 39:1045-1054. [PMID: 34505426 PMCID: PMC9404232 DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1123.2021.06011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
蛋白质糖基化是生物体内最重要的翻译后修饰之一,在蛋白质稳定性、细胞内和细胞间信号转导、激素活化或失活和免疫调节等生理过程和病理进程中发挥重要作用。而异常的蛋白质糖基化往往和多种疾病的发生发展密切相关,目前应用于临床检测的多种肿瘤生物标志物大多属于糖蛋白或者糖抗原。因此在组学层次系统分析蛋白质糖基化的变化对阐明生物体内糖基化修饰的调控机理和发现新型疾病标志物都非常重要。基于质谱的蛋白质组学技术为全面分析蛋白质及其修饰提供了有效的分析手段。在自下而上的蛋白质组学研究中,由于完整糖基化肽段同时存在性质各异的肽段骨架和糖链结构、糖肽的相对丰度和离子化效率较低以及糖基化修饰有高度异质性等特点,完整糖肽的分析比其他翻译后修饰更加困难。近年来,为了更全面、系统地分析蛋白质糖基化,研究人员发展了一些新技术,包括完整糖肽的富集技术、质谱的碎裂模式和数据采集模式、质谱数据的解析方法和定量策略等等,大力推进了该领域的研究水平,也为研究蛋白质糖基化相关的生物标志物提供了技术支持。该篇综述主要关注近年来基于质谱的糖蛋白质组学研究中的新进展,重点介绍针对完整N-和O-糖基化肽段的富集新技术和谱图解析新方法,并讨论其在肿瘤早期诊断方面的应用潜力。
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Cheng B, Tang Q, Zhang C, Chen X. Glycan Labeling and Analysis in Cells and In Vivo. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (PALO ALTO, CALIF.) 2021; 14:363-387. [PMID: 34314224 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-anchem-091620-091314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
As one of the major types of biomacromolecules in the cell, glycans play essential functional roles in various biological processes. Compared with proteins and nucleic acids, the analysis of glycans in situ has been more challenging. Herein we review recent advances in the development of methods and strategies for labeling, imaging, and profiling of glycans in cells and in vivo. Cellular glycans can be labeled by affinity-based probes, including lectin and antibody conjugates, direct chemical modification, metabolic glycan labeling, and chemoenzymatic labeling. These methods have been applied to label glycans with fluorophores, which enables the visualization and tracking of glycans in cells, tissues, and living organisms. Alternatively, labeling glycans with affinity tags has enabled the enrichment of glycoproteins for glycoproteomic profiling. Built on the glycan labeling methods, strategies enabling cell-selective and tissue-specific glycan labeling and protein-specific glycan imaging have been developed. With these methods and strategies, researchers are now better poised than ever to dissect the biological function of glycans in physiological or pathological contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Cheng
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China;
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Qi Tang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China;
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Che Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China;
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xing Chen
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China;
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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17
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Cell membrane-camouflaged liposomes for tumor cell-selective glycans engineering and imaging in vivo. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2022769118. [PMID: 34301864 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2022769118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The dynamic change of cell-surface glycans is involved in diverse biological and pathological events such as oncogenesis and metastasis. Despite tremendous efforts, it remains a great challenge to selectively distinguish and label glycans of different cancer cells or cancer subtypes. Inspired by biomimetic cell membrane-coating technology, herein, we construct pH-responsive azidosugar liposomes camouflaged with natural cancer-cell membrane for tumor cell-selective glycan engineering. With cancer cell-membrane camouflage, the biomimetic liposomes can prevent protein corona formation and evade phagocytosis of macrophages, facilitating metabolic glycans labeling in vivo. More importantly, due to multiple membrane receptors, the biomimetic liposomes have prominent cell selectivity to homotypic cancer cells, showing higher glycan-labeling efficacy than a single-ligand targeting strategy. Further in vitro and in vivo experiments indicate that cancer cell membrane-camouflaged azidosugar liposomes not only realize cell-selective glycan imaging of different cancer cells and triple-negative breast cancer subtypes but also do well in labeling metastatic tumors. Meanwhile, the strategy is also applicable to the use of tumor tissue-derived cell membranes, which shows the prospect for individual diagnosis and treatment. This work may pave a way for efficient cancer cell-selective engineering and visualization of glycans in vivo.
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18
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Mass Spectrometry-Based Glycoproteomics and Prostate Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22105222. [PMID: 34069262 PMCID: PMC8156230 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22105222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Aberrant glycosylation has long been known to be associated with cancer, since it is involved in key mechanisms such as tumour onset, development and progression. This review will focus on protein glycosylation studies in cells, tissue, urine and serum in the context of prostate cancer. A dedicated section will cover the glycoforms of prostate specific antigen, the molecule that, despite some important limitations, is routinely tested for helping prostate cancer diagnosis. Our aim is to provide readers with an overview of mass spectrometry-based glycoproteomics of prostate cancer. From this perspective, the first part of this review will illustrate the main strategies for glycopeptide enrichment and mass spectrometric analysis. The molecular information obtained by glycoproteomic analysis performed by mass spectrometry has led to new insights into the mechanism linking aberrant glycosylation to cancer cell proliferation, migration and immunoescape.
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19
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Suttapitugsakul S, Tong M, Wu R. Time-Resolved and Comprehensive Analysis of Surface Glycoproteins Reveals Distinct Responses of Monocytes and Macrophages to Bacterial Infection. ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 133:11595-11604. [PMID: 34421137 PMCID: PMC8376197 DOI: 10.1002/ange.202102692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Glycoproteins on the surface of immune cells play extremely important roles in response to pathogens. Yet, a systematic and time-resolved investigation of surface glycoproteins during the immune response remains to be explored. Integrating selective enrichment of surface glycoproteins with multiplexed proteomics, we globally and site-specifically quantified the dynamics of surface glycoproteins on THP-1 monocytes and macrophages in response to bacterial infection and during the monocyte-to-macrophage differentiation. The time-resolved analysis reveals transient changes and differential remodeling of surface glycoproteins on both cell types, and potential upstream regulators and downstream effects of the regulated glycoproteins. Besides, we identified novel surface glycoproteins participating in the immune response such as APMAP, and site-specific changes of glycoproteins. This study provides unprecedented information to deepen our understanding of glycoproteins and cellular activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suttipong Suttapitugsakul
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and the Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta, GA 30332 (USA)
| | - Ming Tong
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and the Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta, GA 30332 (USA)
| | - Ronghu Wu
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and the Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta, GA 30332 (USA)
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20
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Suttapitugsakul S, Tong M, Wu R. Time-Resolved and Comprehensive Analysis of Surface Glycoproteins Reveals Distinct Responses of Monocytes and Macrophages to Bacterial Infection. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:11494-11503. [PMID: 33684247 PMCID: PMC8549569 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202102692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Glycoproteins on the surface of immune cells play extremely important roles in response to pathogens. Yet, a systematic and time-resolved investigation of surface glycoproteins during the immune response remains to be explored. Integrating selective enrichment of surface glycoproteins with multiplexed proteomics, we globally and site-specifically quantified the dynamics of surface glycoproteins on THP-1 monocytes and macrophages in response to bacterial infection and during the monocyte-to-macrophage differentiation. The time-resolved analysis reveals transient changes and differential remodeling of surface glycoproteins on both cell types, and potential upstream regulators and downstream effects of the regulated glycoproteins. Besides, we identified novel surface glycoproteins participating in the immune response such as APMAP, and site-specific changes of glycoproteins. This study provides unprecedented information to deepen our understanding of glycoproteins and cellular activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suttipong Suttapitugsakul
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and the Petit Institute for
Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta, GA 30332
(USA)
| | - Ming Tong
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and the Petit Institute for
Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta, GA 30332
(USA)
| | - Ronghu Wu
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and the Petit Institute for
Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta, GA 30332
(USA)
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21
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A mass spectrometry-based glycotope-centric cellular glycomics is the more fruitful way forward to see the forest for the trees. Biochem Soc Trans 2021; 49:55-69. [PMID: 33492355 DOI: 10.1042/bst20190861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The nature of protein glycosylation renders cellular glycomics a very challenging task in having to deal with all the disparate glycans carried on membrane glycoproteins. Rapid mapping by mass spectrometry analysis provides only a coarse sketch of the glycomic complexity based primarily on glycosyl compositions, whereby the missing high-resolution structural details require a combination of multi-mode separations and multi-stages of induced fragmentation to gain sufficiently discriminative precision, often at the expenses of throughput and sensitivity. Given the available technology and foreseeable advances in the near future, homing in on resolving the terminal fucosylated, sialylated and/or sulfated structural units, or glycotopes, maybe a more pragmatic and ultimately more rewarding approach to gain insights into myriad biological processes mediated by these terminal coding units carried on important glycoproteins, to be decoded by a host of endogenous glycan-binding proteins and antibodies. A broad overview of recent technical advances and limitations in cellular glycomics is first provided as a backdrop to the propounded glycotope-centric approach based on advanced nanoLC-MS2/MS3 analysis of permethylated glycans. To prioritize analytical focus on the more tangible glycotopes is akin to first identifying the eye-catching and characteristic-defining flowers and fruits of the glyco-forest, to see the forest for the trees. It has the best prospects of attaining the much-needed balance in sensitivity, structural precision and analytical throughput to match advances in other omics.
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22
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Riley NM, Bertozzi CR, Pitteri SJ. A Pragmatic Guide to Enrichment Strategies for Mass Spectrometry-Based Glycoproteomics. Mol Cell Proteomics 2020; 20:100029. [PMID: 33583771 PMCID: PMC8724846 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.r120.002277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycosylation is a prevalent, yet heterogeneous modification with a broad range of implications in molecular biology. This heterogeneity precludes enrichment strategies that can be universally beneficial for all glycan classes. Thus, choice of enrichment strategy has profound implications on experimental outcomes. Here we review common enrichment strategies used in modern mass spectrometry-based glycoproteomic experiments, including lectins and other affinity chromatographies, hydrophilic interaction chromatography and its derivatives, porous graphitic carbon, reversible and irreversible chemical coupling strategies, and chemical biology tools that often leverage bioorthogonal handles. Interest in glycoproteomics continues to surge as mass spectrometry instrumentation and software improve, so this review aims to help equip researchers with the necessary information to choose appropriate enrichment strategies that best complement these efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas M Riley
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA.
| | - Carolyn R Bertozzi
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Sharon J Pitteri
- Department of Radiology, Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, USA.
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23
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Smeenk MLWJ, Agramunt J, Bonger KM. Recent developments in bioorthogonal chemistry and the orthogonality within. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2020; 60:79-88. [PMID: 33152604 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2020.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
The emergence of bioorthogonal reactions has greatly advanced research in the fields of biology and medicine. They are not only valuable for labeling, tracking, and understanding biomolecules within living organisms, but also important for constructing advanced bioengineering and drug delivery systems. As the systems studied are increasingly complex, the simultaneous use of multiple bioorthogonal reactions is equally desirable. In this review, we take a look at the different bioorthogonal reactions that have recently been developed, the methods of cellular incorporation and the strategies to create orthogonality within the bioorthogonal landscape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mike L W J Smeenk
- Department of Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Jordi Agramunt
- Department of Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Kimberly M Bonger
- Department of Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
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24
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Zhao D, Kong Y, Zhao S, Xing H. Engineering Functional DNA–Protein Conjugates for Biosensing, Biomedical, and Nanoassembly Applications. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2020; 378:41. [DOI: 10.1007/s41061-020-00305-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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25
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Moons SJ, Adema GJ, Derks MT, Boltje TJ, Büll C. Sialic acid glycoengineering using N-acetylmannosamine and sialic acid analogs. Glycobiology 2020; 29:433-445. [PMID: 30913290 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwz026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Revised: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Sialic acids cap the glycans of cell surface glycoproteins and glycolipids. They are involved in a multitude of biological processes and aberrant sialic acid expression is associated with several pathologies. Sialic acids modulate the characteristics and functions of glycoproteins and regulate cell-cell as well as cell-extracellular matrix interactions. Pathogens such as influenza virus use sialic acids to infect host cells and cancer cells exploit sialic acids to escape from the host's immune system. The introduction of unnatural sialic acids with different functionalities into surface glycans enables the study of the broad biological functions of these sugars and presents a therapeutic option to intervene with pathological processes involving sialic acids. Multiple chemically modified sialic acid analogs can be directly utilized by cells for sialoglycan synthesis. Alternatively, analogs of the natural sialic acid precursor sugar N-Acetylmannosamine (ManNAc) can be introduced into the sialic acid biosynthesis pathway resulting in the intracellular conversion into the corresponding sialic acid analog. Both, ManNAc and sialic acid analogs, have been employed successfully for a large variety of glycoengineering applications such as glycan imaging, targeting toxins to tumor cells, inhibiting pathogen binding, or altering immune cell activity. However, there are significant differences between ManNAc and sialic acid analogs with respect to their chemical modification potential and cellular metabolism that should be considered in sialic acid glycoengineering experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam J Moons
- Cluster for Molecular Chemistry, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University Nijmegen, Heyendaalseweg 135, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Gosse J Adema
- Radiotherapy & OncoImmunology Laboratory, Department of Radiation Oncology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 32, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Max Tgm Derks
- Cluster for Molecular Chemistry, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University Nijmegen, Heyendaalseweg 135, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas J Boltje
- Cluster for Molecular Chemistry, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University Nijmegen, Heyendaalseweg 135, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Christian Büll
- Radiotherapy & OncoImmunology Laboratory, Department of Radiation Oncology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 32, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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26
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Phelan J, Altharawi A, Chan KLA. Tracking glycosylation in live cells using FTIR spectroscopy. Talanta 2020; 211:120737. [PMID: 32070609 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.120737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This is the first demonstration of the study of glycan protein turnover in living cells by FTIR with commercially available tetraacetylated N-Azidoacetyl-D-Mannosamine (Ac4ManNAz) label. The FTIR analysis has shown to be able to monitor the metabolism of glycans in living cells in real time. The method is simple, quantitative and requires equipment that are available in many laboratories. It can be used in a wide range of applications such as the study of glycosylation and cell-signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Phelan
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, SE1 9NH, UK; Biological Science, College of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, California State University Fullerton, USA
| | - Ali Altharawi
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, SE1 9NH, UK
| | - K L Andrew Chan
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, SE1 9NH, UK.
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27
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ronghu Wu
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
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28
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Progress in Monolithic Column-based Separation and Enrichment of Glycoproteins. CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2040(19)61207-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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29
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Li Y, Qin H, Ye M. An overview on enrichment methods for cell surface proteome profiling. J Sep Sci 2019; 43:292-312. [PMID: 31521063 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201900700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cell surface proteins are essential for many important biological processes, including cell-cell interactions, signal transduction, and molecular transportation. With the characteristics of low abundance, high hydrophobicity, and high heterogeneity, it is difficult to get a comprehensive view of cell surface proteome by direct analysis. Thus, it is important to selectively enrich the cell surface proteins before liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry analysis. In recent years, a variety of enrichment methods have been developed. Based on the separation mechanism, these methods could be mainly classified into three types. The first type is based on their difference in the physicochemical property, such as size, density, charge, and hydrophobicity. The second one is based on the bimolecular affinity interaction with lectin or antibody. And the third type is based on the chemical covalent coupling to free side groups of surface-exposed proteins or carbohydrate chains, such as primary amines, carboxyl groups, glycan side chains. In addition, metabolic labeling and enzymatic reaction-based methods have also been employed to selectively isolate cell surface proteins. In this review, we will provide a comprehensive overview of the enrichment methods for cell surface proteome profiling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Dalian, 116023, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Hongqiang Qin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Dalian, 116023, P. R. China
| | - Mingliang Ye
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Dalian, 116023, P. R. China
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30
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Li Q, Xie Y, Wong M, Lebrilla CB. Characterization of Cell Glycocalyx with Mass Spectrometry Methods. Cells 2019; 8:E882. [PMID: 31412618 PMCID: PMC6721671 DOI: 10.3390/cells8080882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The cell membrane plays an important role in protecting the cell from its extracellular environment. As such, extensive work has been devoted to studying its structure and function. Crucial intercellular processes, such as signal transduction and immune protection, are mediated by cell surface glycosylation, which is comprised of large biomolecules, including glycoproteins and glycosphingolipids. Because perturbations in glycosylation could result in dysfunction of cells and are related to diseases, the analysis of surface glycosylation is critical for understanding pathogenic mechanisms and can further lead to biomarker discovery. Different mass spectrometry-based techniques have been developed for glycan analysis, ranging from highly specific, targeted approaches to more comprehensive profiling studies. In this review, we summarized the work conducted for extensive analysis of cell membrane glycosylation, particularly those employing liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry (LC-MS) in combination with various sample preparation techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiongyu Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Yixuan Xie
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Maurice Wong
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Carlito B Lebrilla
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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31
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Mattey AP, Birmingham WR, Both P, Kress N, Huang K, van Munster JM, Bulmer GS, Parmeggiani F, Voglmeir J, Martinez JER, Turner NJ, Flitsch SL. Selective Oxidation of N-Glycolylneuraminic Acid Using an Engineered Galactose Oxidase Variant. ACS Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.9b02873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ashley P. Mattey
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology (MIB) and School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, M1 7DN, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - William R. Birmingham
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology (MIB) and School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, M1 7DN, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Both
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology (MIB) and School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, M1 7DN, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Nico Kress
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology (MIB) and School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, M1 7DN, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Kun Huang
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology (MIB) and School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, M1 7DN, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Jolanda M. van Munster
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology (MIB) and School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, M1 7DN, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Gregory S. Bulmer
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology (MIB) and School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, M1 7DN, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Fabio Parmeggiani
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology (MIB) and School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, M1 7DN, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Josef Voglmeir
- Glycomics and Glycan Bioengineering Research Center (GGBRC), College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Juana E. R. Martinez
- Departamento de Biología, División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Universidad de Guanajuato, Col. Noria Alta S/N, Guanajuato 36050, México
| | - Nicholas J. Turner
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology (MIB) and School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, M1 7DN, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Sabine L. Flitsch
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology (MIB) and School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, M1 7DN, Manchester, United Kingdom
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32
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Xiao H, Sun F, Suttapitugsakul S, Wu R. Global and site-specific analysis of protein glycosylation in complex biological systems with Mass Spectrometry. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2019; 38:356-379. [PMID: 30605224 PMCID: PMC6610820 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Protein glycosylation is ubiquitous in biological systems and plays essential roles in many cellular events. Global and site-specific analysis of glycoproteins in complex biological samples can advance our understanding of glycoprotein functions and cellular activities. However, it is extraordinarily challenging because of the low abundance of many glycoproteins and the heterogeneity of glycan structures. The emergence of mass spectrometry (MS)-based proteomics has provided us an excellent opportunity to comprehensively study proteins and their modifications, including glycosylation. In this review, we first summarize major methods for glycopeptide/glycoprotein enrichment, followed by the chemical and enzymatic methods to generate a mass tag for glycosylation site identification. We next discuss the systematic and quantitative analysis of glycoprotein dynamics. Reversible protein glycosylation is dynamic, and systematic study of glycoprotein dynamics helps us gain insight into glycoprotein functions. The last part of this review focuses on the applications of MS-based proteomics to study glycoproteins in different biological systems, including yeasts, plants, mice, human cells, and clinical samples. Intact glycopeptide analysis is also included in this section. Because of the importance of glycoproteins in complex biological systems, the field of glycoproteomics will continue to grow in the next decade. Innovative and effective MS-based methods will exponentially advance glycoscience, and enable us to identify glycoproteins as effective biomarkers for disease detection and drug targets for disease treatment. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Mass Spec Rev 9999: XX-XX, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haopeng Xiao
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta 30332 Georgia
| | - Fangxu Sun
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta 30332 Georgia
| | - Suttipong Suttapitugsakul
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta 30332 Georgia
| | - Ronghu Wu
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta 30332 Georgia
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33
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Li B, Zhou X, Yang P, Zhu L, Zhong Y, Cai Z, Jiang B, Cai X, Liu J, Jiang X. Photoactivatable Fluorogenic Labeling via Turn-On "Click-Like" Nitroso-Diene Bioorthogonal Reaction. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2019; 6:1802039. [PMID: 31380178 PMCID: PMC6662066 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201802039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Revised: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Fluorogenic labeling enables imaging cellular molecules of interest with minimal background. This process is accompanied with the notable increase of the quantum yield of fluorophore, thus minimizing the background signals from unactivated profluorophores. Herein, the development of a highly efficient and bioorthogonal nitroso-based Diels-Alder fluorogenic reaction is presented and its usefulness is validated as effective and controllable in fluorescent probes and live-cell labeling strategies for dynamic cellular imaging. It is demonstrated that nitroso-based cycloaddition is an efficient fluorogenic labeling tool through experiments of further UV-activatable fluorescent labeling on proteins and live cells. The ability of tuning the fluorescence of labeled proteins by UV-irradiation enables selective activation of proteins of interest in a particular cell compartment at a given time point, while leaving the remaining labeled molecules untouched.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bai Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug DiscoverySchool of Pharmaceutical SciencesSun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong510006China
| | - Xian‐Hao Zhou
- Shanghai Institute of Materia MedicaChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai201210China
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical StudiesShanghaiTech UniversityShanghai201210China
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
| | - Peng‐Yu Yang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug DiscoverySchool of Pharmaceutical SciencesSun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong510006China
| | - Liping Zhu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug DiscoverySchool of Pharmaceutical SciencesSun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong510006China
| | - Yuan Zhong
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug DiscoverySchool of Pharmaceutical SciencesSun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong510006China
| | - Zhengjun Cai
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug DiscoverySchool of Pharmaceutical SciencesSun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong510006China
| | - Biao Jiang
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical StudiesShanghaiTech UniversityShanghai201210China
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
| | - Xiaoqing Cai
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug DiscoverySchool of Pharmaceutical SciencesSun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong510006China
| | - Jia Liu
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical StudiesShanghaiTech UniversityShanghai201210China
| | - Xianxing Jiang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug DiscoverySchool of Pharmaceutical SciencesSun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong510006China
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34
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Suttapitugsakul S, Ulmer LD, Jiang C, Sun F, Wu R. Surface Glycoproteomic Analysis Reveals That Both Unique and Differential Expression of Surface Glycoproteins Determine the Cell Type. Anal Chem 2019; 91:6934-6942. [PMID: 31025852 PMCID: PMC6584960 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b01447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Proteins on the cell surface are frequently glycosylated, and they are essential for cells. Surface glycoproteins regulate nearly every extracellular event, but compared with global analysis of proteins, comprehensive and site-specific analysis of surface glycoproteins is much more challenging and dramatically understudied. Here, combining metabolic labeling, click-chemistry and enzymatic reactions, and mass spectrometry-based proteomics, we globally characterized surface glycoproteins from eight popular types of human cells. This integrative and effective method allowed for the identification of 2172 N-glycosylation sites and 1047 surface glycoproteins. The distribution and occurrence of N-glycosylation sites were systematically investigated, and protein secondary structures were found to have a dramatic influence on glycosylation sites. As expected, most sites are located on disordered regions. For the sites with the motif N-!P-C, about one-third of them are located on helix structures, while those with the motif N-!P-S/T prefer strand structures. There is almost no correlation between the number of glycosylation sites and protein length, but the number of sites corresponds well with the frequencies of the motif. Quantification results reveal that besides cell-specific glycoproteins, the uniqueness of each cell type further arises from differential expression of surface glycoproteins. The current research indicates that multiple surface glycoproteins including their abundances need to be considered for cell classification rather than a single cluster of differentiation (CD) protein normally used in conventional methods. These results provide valuable information to the glycoscience and biomedical communities and aid in the discovery of surface glycoproteins as disease biomarkers and drug targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suttipong Suttapitugsakul
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Lindsey D. Ulmer
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Chendi Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Fangxu Sun
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Ronghu Wu
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
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35
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Purcell SC, Godula K. Synthetic glycoscapes: addressing the structural and functional complexity of the glycocalyx. Interface Focus 2019; 9:20180080. [PMID: 30842878 PMCID: PMC6388016 DOI: 10.1098/rsfs.2018.0080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The glycocalyx is an information-dense network of biomacromolecules extensively modified through glycosylation that populates the cellular boundary. The glycocalyx regulates biological events ranging from cellular protection and adhesion to signalling and differentiation. Owing to the characteristically weak interactions between individual glycans and their protein binding partners, multivalency of glycan presentation is required for the high-avidity interactions needed to trigger cellular responses. As such, biological recognition at the glycocalyx interface is determined by both the structure of glycans that are present as well as their spatial distribution. While genetic and biochemical approaches have proven powerful in controlling glycan composition, modulating the three-dimensional complexity of the cell-surface 'glycoscape' at the sub-micrometre scale remains a considerable challenge in the field. This focused review highlights recent advances in glycocalyx engineering using synthetic nanoscale glycomaterials, which allows for controlled de novo assembly of complexity with precision not accessible with traditional molecular biology tools. We discuss several exciting new studies in the field that demonstrate the power of precision glycocalyx editing in living cells in revealing and controlling the complex mechanisms by which the glycocalyx regulates biological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kamil Godula
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0358, USA
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36
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Scott E, Munkley J. Glycans as Biomarkers in Prostate Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E1389. [PMID: 30893936 PMCID: PMC6470778 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20061389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the most commonly diagnosed malignancy in men, claiming over350,000 lives worldwide annually. Current diagnosis relies on prostate-specific antigen (PSA)testing, but this misses some aggressive tumours, and leads to the overtreatment of non-harmfuldisease. Hence, there is an urgent unmet clinical need to identify new diagnostic and prognosticbiomarkers. As prostate cancer is a heterogeneous and multifocal disease, it is likely that multiplebiomarkers will be needed to guide clinical decisions. Fluid-based biomarkers would be ideal, andattention is now turning to minimally invasive liquid biopsies, which enable the analysis oftumour components in patient blood or urine. Effective diagnostics using liquid biopsies willrequire a multifaceted approach, and a recent high-profile review discussed combining multipleanalytes, including changes to the tumour transcriptome, epigenome, proteome, and metabolome.However, the concentration on genomics-based paramaters for analysing liquid biopsies ispotentially missing a goldmine. Glycans have shown huge promise as disease biomarkers, anddata suggests that integrating biomarkers across multi-omic platforms (including changes to theglycome) can improve the stratification of patients with prostate cancer. A wide range ofalterations to glycans have been observed in prostate cancer, including changes to PSAglycosylation, increased sialylation and core fucosylation, increased O-GlcNacylation, theemergence of cryptic and branched N-glyans, and changes to galectins and proteoglycans. In thisreview, we discuss the huge potential to exploit glycans as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkersfor prostate cancer, and argue that the inclusion of glycans in a multi-analyte liquid biopsy test forprostate cancer will help maximise clinical utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Scott
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 3BZ, UK.
| | - Jennifer Munkley
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 3BZ, UK.
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37
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Spiciarich DR, Oh ST, Foley A, Hughes SB, Mauro MJ, Abdel-Wahab O, Press RD, Viner R, Thompson SL, Chen Q, Azadi P, Bertozzi CR, Maxson JE. A Novel Germline Variant in CSF3R Reduces N-Glycosylation and Exerts Potent Oncogenic Effects in Leukemia. Cancer Res 2018; 78:6762-6770. [PMID: 30348809 PMCID: PMC6295230 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-18-1638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
: Mutations in the colony-stimulating factor 3 receptor (CSF3R) have been identified in the vast majority of patients with chronic neutrophilic leukemia and are present in other kinds of leukemia, such as acute myeloid leukemia. Here, we studied the function of novel germline variants in CSF3R at amino acid N610. These N610 substitutions were potently oncogenic and activated the receptor independently of its ligand GCSF. These mutations activated the JAK-STAT signaling pathway and conferred sensitivity to JAK inhibitors. Mass spectrometry revealed that the N610 residue is part of a consensus N-linked glycosylation motif in the receptor, usually linked to complex glycans. N610 was also the primary site of sialylation of the receptor. Membrane-proximal N-linked glycosylation was critical for maintaining the ligand dependence of the receptor. Mutation of the N610 site prevented membrane-proximal N-glycosylation of CSF3R, which then drove ligand-independent cellular expansion. Kinase inhibitors blocked growth of cells with an N610 mutation. This study expands the repertoire of oncogenic mutations in CSF3R that are therapeutically targetable and provides insight into the function of glycans in receptor regulation. SIGNIFICANCE: This study reveals the critical importance of membrane-proximal N-linked glycosylation of CSF3R for the maintenance of ligand dependency in leukemia.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Motifs
- Animals
- Binding Sites
- Carcinogenesis
- Cell Membrane/metabolism
- Disease Progression
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Leukemic
- Germ-Line Mutation
- Glycosylation
- HEK293 Cells
- Humans
- Janus Kinases/metabolism
- Leukemia/genetics
- Leukemia/metabolism
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/genetics
- Leukemia, Neutrophilic, Chronic/genetics
- Ligands
- Mass Spectrometry
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Middle Aged
- Mutation
- Proteomics
- Receptors, Colony-Stimulating Factor/genetics
- Receptors, Colony-Stimulating Factor/metabolism
- STAT Transcription Factors/metabolism
- Sequence Analysis, DNA
- Signal Transduction
- Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization
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Affiliation(s)
- David R Spiciarich
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California
- Department of Chemistry Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Stephen T Oh
- Division of Hematology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Amy Foley
- Division of Hematology & Medical Oncology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Seamus B Hughes
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | | | | | - Richard D Press
- Department of Pathology & Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Rosa Viner
- Thermo Fisher Scientific, San Jose, California
| | - Sarah L Thompson
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Qiushi Chen
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
| | - Parastoo Azadi
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
| | - Carolyn R Bertozzi
- Department of Chemistry Stanford University, Stanford, California
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, Maryland
| | - Julia E Maxson
- Division of Hematology & Medical Oncology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon.
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Tkac J, Bertok T, Hires M, Jane E, Lorencova L, Kasak P. Glycomics of prostate cancer: updates. Expert Rev Proteomics 2018; 16:65-76. [PMID: 30451032 DOI: 10.1080/14789450.2019.1549993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Prostate cancer (PCa) is a life-threatening disease affecting millions of men. The current best PCa biomarker (level of prostate-specific antigen in serum) lacks specificity for PCa diagnostics and this is why novel PCa biomarkers in addition to the conventional ones based on biomolecules such as DNA, RNA and proteins need to be identified. Areas covered: This review details the potential of glycans-based biomarkers to become diagnostic, prognostic, predictive and therapeutic PCa biomarkers with a brief description of the innovative approaches applied to glycan analysis to date. Finally, the review covers the possibility to use exosomes as a rich source of glycans for future innovative and advanced diagnostics of PCa. The review covers updates in the field since 2016. Expert commentary: The summary provided in this review paper suggests that glycan-based biomarkers can offer high-assay accuracy not only for diagnostic purposes but also for monitoring/surveillance of the PCa disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Tkac
- a Slovak Academy of Sciences , Institute of Chemistry , Bratislava , Slovakia.,b Glycanostics Ltd ., Bratislava , Slovakia
| | - Tomas Bertok
- a Slovak Academy of Sciences , Institute of Chemistry , Bratislava , Slovakia.,b Glycanostics Ltd ., Bratislava , Slovakia
| | - Michal Hires
- a Slovak Academy of Sciences , Institute of Chemistry , Bratislava , Slovakia
| | - Eduard Jane
- a Slovak Academy of Sciences , Institute of Chemistry , Bratislava , Slovakia
| | - Lenka Lorencova
- a Slovak Academy of Sciences , Institute of Chemistry , Bratislava , Slovakia.,b Glycanostics Ltd ., Bratislava , Slovakia
| | - Peter Kasak
- c Center for Advanced Materials , Qatar University , Doha , Qatar
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39
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Whited J, Zhang X, Nie H, Wang D, Li Y, Sun XL. Recent Chemical Biology Approaches for Profiling Cell Surface Sialylation Status. ACS Chem Biol 2018; 13:2364-2374. [PMID: 30053371 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.8b00456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Sialic acids (SAs) often exist as the terminal sugars of glycans of either glycoproteins or glycolipids on the cell surface and thus are directly involved in biological processes, such as cell-cell, cell-ligand, and cell-pathogen interactions. Cell surface SA expression levels and their linkages are collectively termed cell surface sialylation status, which represent varying cellular states and contribute to the overall functionality of a cell. Accordingly, systemic and specific profiling of the cell surface sialyation status is critical in deciphering the structures and functions of cell surface glycoconjugates and the molecular mechanisms of their underlying biological processes. In recent decades, several advanced chemical biology approaches have been developed to profile the cell surface sialyation status of both in vitro and in vivo samples, including metabolic labeling, direct chemical modification, and boronic acid coupling approaches. Various investigative technologies have also been explored for their unique competence, including fluorescent imaging, flow cytometry, Raman imaging, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization imaging mass spectrometry. In particular, the sialylation status of a specific glycoprotein on the cell surface has been investigated. This review highlights the recent advancements in chemical biology approaches for profiling cell surface sialyation status. It is expected that this review will provide researchers different choices for both biological and biomedical research and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Whited
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, and Center for Gene Regulation in Health and Disease (GRHD), Cleveland State University, 2121 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44115, United States
| | - Xiaoqing Zhang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, 2 Yikuang-jie, Harbin, Heilongjiang 5001, China
| | - Huan Nie
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, 2 Yikuang-jie, Harbin, Heilongjiang 5001, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, and Center for Gene Regulation in Health and Disease (GRHD), Cleveland State University, 2121 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44115, United States
| | - Yu Li
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, 2 Yikuang-jie, Harbin, Heilongjiang 5001, China
| | - Xue-Long Sun
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, and Center for Gene Regulation in Health and Disease (GRHD), Cleveland State University, 2121 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44115, United States
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40
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Xiao H, Suttapitugsakul S, Sun F, Wu R. Mass Spectrometry-Based Chemical and Enzymatic Methods for Global Analysis of Protein Glycosylation. Acc Chem Res 2018; 51:1796-1806. [PMID: 30011186 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.8b00200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Glycosylation is one of the most common protein modifications, and it is essential for mammalian cell survival. It often determines protein folding and trafficking, and regulates nearly every extracellular activity, including cell-cell communication and cell-matrix interactions. Aberrant protein glycosylation events are hallmarks of human diseases such as cancer and infectious diseases. Therefore, glycoproteins can serve as effective biomarkers for disease detection and targets for drug and vaccine development. Despite the importance of glycoproteins, global analysis of protein glycosylation (either glycoproteins or glycans) in complex biological samples has been a daunting task, and here we mainly focus on glycoprotein analysis using mass spectrometry (MS)-based bottom-up proteomics. Although the emergence of MS-based proteomics has provided a great opportunity to analyze glycoproteins globally, the low abundance of many glycoproteins and the heterogeneity of glycans dramatically increase the technical difficulties. In order to overcome these obstacles, considerable progress has been made in recent years, which has contributed to comprehensive analysis of glycoproteins. In our lab, we developed effective MS-based chemical and enzymatic methods to (1) globally analyze glycoproteins in complex biological samples, (2) target glycoproteins specifically on the surface of human cells, (3) systematically quantify glycoprotein and surface glycoprotein dynamics (the abundance changes of glycoproteins as a function of time), and (4) selectively characterize glycoproteins with a particular and important glycan. In this Account, we first briefly describe the glycopeptide/protein enrichment methods in the literature and then discuss the developments of boronic acid-based methods to enrich glycopeptides for large-scale analysis of protein glycosylation. Boronic acids can form reversible covalent interactions with sugars, but the low binding affinity of normal boronic acid-based methods prevents us from capturing glycoproteins with low abundance, which often contain more valuable information. We enhanced the boronic acid-glycan interactions by using a boronic acid derivative (benzoboroxole) and conjugating it onto a dendrimer to allow synergistic interactions between the boronic acid derivative and sugars. The new method is capable of globally analyzing protein glycosylation with site and glycan structure information, especially for those with low abundance. In the next part, we discuss the combination of metabolic labeling, click chemistry and enzymatic reactions, and MS-based proteomics as a very powerful approach for surface glycoproteome analysis in human cells. The methods enable us to specifically identify surface glycoproteins and to quantify their abundance changes and dynamics together with quantitative proteomics. The last section of this Account focuses on chemical and enzymatic methods to study glycoproteins containing a particular and important glycan (the Tn antigen, i.e., O-GalNAc). Although not comprehensive, this Account provides an overview of chemical and enzymatic methods to characterize protein glycosylation in combination with MS-based proteomics. These methods will have extensive applications in the fields of biology and biomedicine, which will lead to a better understanding of glycoprotein functions and the molecular mechanisms of diseases. Eventually, glycoproteins will be identified as effective biomarkers for disease detection and drug targets for disease treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haopeng Xiao
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Suttipong Suttapitugsakul
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Fangxu Sun
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Ronghu Wu
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
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41
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Yoshida S. Controlled Reactive Intermediates Enabling Facile Molecular Conjugation. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2018. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20180104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Suguru Yoshida
- Laboratory of Chemical Bioscience, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 2-3-10 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan
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42
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Park DD, Xu G, Wong M, Phoomak C, Liu M, Haigh NE, Wongkham S, Yang P, Maverakis E, Lebrilla CB. Membrane glycomics reveal heterogeneity and quantitative distribution of cell surface sialylation. Chem Sci 2018; 9:6271-6285. [PMID: 30123482 PMCID: PMC6063140 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc01875h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sialic acid distribution was quantified by LC-MS/MS. The number of sialylated glycoforms increases at sites nearest to the transmembrane domain.
Given that unnatural sugar expression is metabolically achieved, the kinetics and disposition of incorporation can lend insight into the temporal and localization preferences of sialylation across the cell surface. However, common detection schemes lack the ability to detail the molecular diversity and distribution of target moieties. Here we employed a mass spectrometric approach to trace the placement of azido sialic acids on membrane glycoconjugates, which revealed substantial variations in incorporation efficiencies between N-/O-glycans, glycosites, and glycosphingolipids. To further explore the propensity for sialylation, we subsequently mapped the native glycome of model epithelial cell surfaces and illustrate that while glycosylation sites span broadly across the extracellular region, a higher number of heterogeneous glycoforms occur on sialylated sites closest to the transmembrane domain. Beyond imaging techniques, this integrative approach provides unprecedented details about the frequency and structure-specific distribution of cell surface sialylation, a critical feature that regulates cellular interactions and homeostatic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diane Dayoung Park
- Department of Chemistry , University of California , Davis , CA 95616 , USA.,Department of Surgery , Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center , Harvard Medical School , Boston , MA 02115 , USA .
| | - Gege Xu
- Department of Chemistry , University of California , Davis , CA 95616 , USA
| | - Maurice Wong
- Department of Chemistry , University of California , Davis , CA 95616 , USA
| | - Chatchai Phoomak
- Department of Biochemistry , Faculty of Medicine , Khon Kaen University , Khon Kaen 40002 , Thailand
| | - Mingqi Liu
- Department of Chemistry , Institutes of Biomedical Sciences , Fudan University , Shanghai 200032 , China
| | - Nathan E Haigh
- Department of Dermatology , University of California , Davis School of Medicine , Sacramento , CA 95817 , USA
| | - Sopit Wongkham
- Department of Biochemistry , Faculty of Medicine , Khon Kaen University , Khon Kaen 40002 , Thailand
| | - Pengyuan Yang
- Department of Chemistry , Institutes of Biomedical Sciences , Fudan University , Shanghai 200032 , China
| | - Emanual Maverakis
- Department of Dermatology , University of California , Davis School of Medicine , Sacramento , CA 95817 , USA
| | - Carlito B Lebrilla
- Department of Chemistry , University of California , Davis , CA 95616 , USA
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43
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Sun J, Liu H, Zhan L, Xiong C, Huang X, Xue J, Nie Z. Laser Cleavable Probes-Based Cell Surface Engineering for in Situ Sialoglycoconjugates Profiling by Laser Desorption/Ionization Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2018; 90:6397-6402. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b00013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Sun
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory for Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Huihui Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory for Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Lingpeng Zhan
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory for Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Caiqiao Xiong
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory for Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Xi Huang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory for Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jinjuan Xue
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory for Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zongxiu Nie
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory for Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- National Center for Mass Spectrometry in Beijing, Beijing 100190, China
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Yuan B, Chen Y, Sun Y, Guo Q, Huang J, Liu J, Meng X, Yang X, Wen X, Li Z, Li L, Wang K. Enhanced Imaging of Specific Cell-Surface Glycosylation Based on Multi-FRET. Anal Chem 2018; 90:6131-6137. [PMID: 29696967 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b00424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cell-surface glycosylation contains abundant biological information that reflects cell physiological state, and it is of great value to image cell-surface glycosylation to elucidate its functions. Here we present a hybridization chain reaction (HCR)-based multifluorescence resonance energy transfer (multi-FRET) method for specific imaging of cell-surface glycosylation. By installing donors through metabolic glycan labeling and acceptors through aptamer-tethered nanoassemblies on the same glycoconjugate, intramolecular multi-FRET occurs due to near donor-acceptor distance. Benefiting from amplified effect and spatial flexibility of the HCR nanoassemblies, enhanced multi-FRET imaging of specific cell-surface glycosylation can be obtained. With this HCR-based multi-FRET method, we achieved obvious contrast in imaging of protein-specific GalNAcylation on 7211 cell surfaces. In addition, we demonstrated the general applicability of this method by visualizing the protein-specific sialylation on CEM cell surfaces. Furthermore, the expression changes of CEM cell-surface protein-specific sialylation under drug treatment was accurately monitored. This developed imaging method may provide a powerful tool in researching glycosylation functions, discovering biomarkers, and screening drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoyin Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Hunan University, Key Laboratory for Bio-Nanotechnology and Molecular Engineering of Hunan Province , Changsha 410082 , China
| | - Yuanyuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Hunan University, Key Laboratory for Bio-Nanotechnology and Molecular Engineering of Hunan Province , Changsha 410082 , China
| | - Yuqiong Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Hunan University, Key Laboratory for Bio-Nanotechnology and Molecular Engineering of Hunan Province , Changsha 410082 , China
| | - Qiuping Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Hunan University, Key Laboratory for Bio-Nanotechnology and Molecular Engineering of Hunan Province , Changsha 410082 , China
| | - Jin Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Hunan University, Key Laboratory for Bio-Nanotechnology and Molecular Engineering of Hunan Province , Changsha 410082 , China
| | - Jianbo Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Hunan University, Key Laboratory for Bio-Nanotechnology and Molecular Engineering of Hunan Province , Changsha 410082 , China
| | - Xiangxian Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Hunan University, Key Laboratory for Bio-Nanotechnology and Molecular Engineering of Hunan Province , Changsha 410082 , China
| | - Xiaohai Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Hunan University, Key Laboratory for Bio-Nanotechnology and Molecular Engineering of Hunan Province , Changsha 410082 , China
| | - Xiaohong Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Hunan University, Key Laboratory for Bio-Nanotechnology and Molecular Engineering of Hunan Province , Changsha 410082 , China
| | - Zenghui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Hunan University, Key Laboratory for Bio-Nanotechnology and Molecular Engineering of Hunan Province , Changsha 410082 , China
| | - Lie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Hunan University, Key Laboratory for Bio-Nanotechnology and Molecular Engineering of Hunan Province , Changsha 410082 , China
| | - Kemin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Hunan University, Key Laboratory for Bio-Nanotechnology and Molecular Engineering of Hunan Province , Changsha 410082 , China
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Abstract
Glycan decorates all mammalian cell surfaces through glycosylation, which is one of the most important post-modifications of proteins. Glycans mediate a wide variety of biological processes, including cell growth and differentiation, cell-cell communication, immune response, pathogen interaction, and intracellular signaling events. Besides, tumor cells aberrantly express distinct sets of glycans, which can indicate different tumor onsets and progression processes. Thus, analysis of cellular glycans may contribute to understanding of glycan-related biological processes and correlation of glycan patterns with disease states for clinical diagnosis and treatment. Although proteomics and glycomics have included great efforts for in vitro study of glycan structures and functions using lysis samples of cells or tissues, they cannot offer real-time qualitative or quantitative information, especially spatial distribution, of glycans on/in intact cells, which is important to the revelation of glycan-related biological events. Moreover, the complex lysis and separation procedures may bring unpredictable loss of glycan information. Focusing on the great urgency for in situ analysis of cellular glycans, our group developed a series of methods for in situ analysis of cellular glycans in the past 10 years. By construction of electrochemical glycan-recognizable probes, glycans on the cell surface can be quantified by direct or competitive electrochemical detection. Using multichannel electrodes or encoded lectin probes, multiple glycans on the cell surface can be dynamically monitored simultaneously. Through design of functional nanoprobes, the cell surface protein-specific glycans and intracellular glycan-related enzymes can be visualized by fluorescence or Raman imaging. Besides, some biological enzymes-based methods have been developed for remodeling or imaging of protein-specific glycans and other types of glycoconjugates, such as gangliosides. Through tracing the changes of glycan expression induced by drugs or gene interference, some glycan-related biological processes have been deduced or proved, demonstrating the reliability and practicability of the developed methods. This Account surveys the key technologies developed in this area, along with the discussion on the shortages of current methodology as well as the possible strategies to overcome those shortages. The future trend in this topic is also discussed. It is expected that this Account can provide a versatile arsenal for chemical and biological researchers to unravel the complex mechanisms involved in glycan-related biological processes and light new beacons in tumor diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunlong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Lin Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Huangxian Ju
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
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Winners of the Emanuel Merck Lectureship and the Heinrich Emanuel Merck Award. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:4124. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201802009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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48
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Lopez Aguilar A, Meng L, Hou X, Li W, Moremen KW, Wu P. Sialyltransferase-Based Chemoenzymatic Histology for the Detection of N- and O-Glycans. Bioconjug Chem 2018; 29:1231-1239. [PMID: 29569918 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.8b00021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Profiling specific glycans in histopathological samples is hampered by the lack of selective and sensitive tools for their detection. Here, we report on the development of chemoenzymatic histology of membrane polysaccharide (CHoMP)-based methods for the detection of O- and N-linked glycans on tissue sections via the use of sialyltransferases ST3Gal1 and ST6Gal1, respectively. Combining these two methods, we developed tandem labeling and double labeling strategies that permit the detection of unsialylated and sialylated glycans or the detection of O- and N-linked glycans on the same tissue section, respectively. We applied these methods to screen murine tissue specimens, human multiple-organ cancer arrays, and lymphoma and prostate cancer arrays. Using tandem labeling with ST6Gal1 to analyze N-glycans in a prostate cancer array, we found striking differences in expression patterns of both sialylated and unsialylated N-glycans between cancerous and healthy samples. Such differences were also observed between normal tissue from healthy donors and healthy tissue adjacent to tumors. Our double labeling technique identified significant differences in unsialylated O-glycans between B-cell and T-cell lymphomas and between B-cell lymphomas and normal adjacent lymph nodes. Remarkable differences were also detected between adjacent lymph nodes and spleen tissue samples. These new chemoenzymatic histology methods therefore provide valuable tools for the analysis of glycans in clinically relevant tissue samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aime Lopez Aguilar
- Department of Molecular Medicine , The Scripps Research Institute , La Jolla , California 92037 , United States
| | - Lu Meng
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center , University of Georgia , Athens , Georgia 30602 , United States
| | - Xiaomeng Hou
- Department of Molecular Medicine , The Scripps Research Institute , La Jolla , California 92037 , United States
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Oncology , The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University , Suzhou 215006 , China
| | - Kelley W Moremen
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center , University of Georgia , Athens , Georgia 30602 , United States
| | - Peng Wu
- Department of Molecular Medicine , The Scripps Research Institute , La Jolla , California 92037 , United States
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Ruhaak LR, Xu G, Li Q, Goonatilleke E, Lebrilla CB. Mass Spectrometry Approaches to Glycomic and Glycoproteomic Analyses. Chem Rev 2018; 118:7886-7930. [PMID: 29553244 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 253] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Glycomic and glycoproteomic analyses involve the characterization of oligosaccharides (glycans) conjugated to proteins. Glycans are produced through a complicated nontemplate driven process involving the competition of enzymes that extend the nascent chain. The large diversity of structures, the variations in polarity of the individual saccharide residues, and the poor ionization efficiencies of glycans all conspire to make the analysis arguably much more difficult than any other biopolymer. Furthermore, the large number of glycoforms associated with a specific protein site makes it more difficult to characterize than any post-translational modification. Nonetheless, there have been significant progress, and advanced separation and mass spectrometry methods have been at its center and the main reason for the progress. While glycomic and glycoproteomic analyses are still typically available only through highly specialized laboratories, new software and workflow is making it more accessible. This review focuses on the role of mass spectrometry and separation methods in advancing glycomic and glycoproteomic analyses. It describes the current state of the field and progress toward making it more available to the larger scientific community.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Renee Ruhaak
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine , Leiden University Medical Center , 2333 ZA Leiden , The Netherlands
| | - Gege Xu
- Department of Chemistry , University of California, Davis , One Shields Avenue , Davis , California 95616 , United States
| | - Qiongyu Li
- Department of Chemistry , University of California, Davis , One Shields Avenue , Davis , California 95616 , United States
| | - Elisha Goonatilleke
- Department of Chemistry , University of California, Davis , One Shields Avenue , Davis , California 95616 , United States
| | - Carlito B Lebrilla
- Department of Chemistry , University of California, Davis , One Shields Avenue , Davis , California 95616 , United States.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine , University of California, Davis , Davis , California 95616 , United States.,Foods for Health Institute , University of California, Davis , Davis , California 95616 , United States
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Kuhlmann L, Cummins E, Samudio I, Kislinger T. Cell-surface proteomics for the identification of novel therapeutic targets in cancer. Expert Rev Proteomics 2018; 15:259-275. [DOI: 10.1080/14789450.2018.1429924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Kuhlmann
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Emma Cummins
- The Centre for Drug Research and Development, Division of Biologics, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Ismael Samudio
- The Centre for Drug Research and Development, Division of Biologics, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Thomas Kislinger
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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