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Bastante P, Davidson RJ, Al Malki W, Salthouse RJ, Cea P, Martin S, Batsanov AS, Lambert CJ, Bryce MR, Agrait N. The Conductance and Thermopower Behavior of Pendent Trans-Coordinated Palladium(II) Complexes in Single-Molecule Junctions. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:38303-38312. [PMID: 39281963 PMCID: PMC11391538 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c06475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2024] [Revised: 08/08/2024] [Accepted: 08/21/2024] [Indexed: 09/18/2024]
Abstract
The present work provides insight into the effect of connectivity within isomeric 1,2-bis(2-pyridylethynyl)benzene (bpb) palladium complexes on their electron transmission properties within gold|single-molecule|gold junctions. The ligands 2,2'-((4,5-bis(hexyloxy)-1,2-phenylene)bis(ethyne-2,1-diyl))bis(4-(methylthio)pyridine) (Lm ) and 6,6'-((4,5-bis(hexyloxy)-1,2-phenylene)bis(ethyne-2,1-diyl))bis(3-(methylthio)pyridine) (Lp ) were synthesized and coordinated with PdCl2 to give the trans-Pd(Lm or p )Cl2 complexes. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) measurements shed light on the contacting modes of the molecules in the junctions. A combination of scanning tunneling microscopy-break junction (STM-BJ) measurements and density functional theory (DFT) calculations demonstrate that the typical lower conductance of meta- compared with para-connected isomers in a molecular junction was suppressed upon metal coordination. Simultaneously there was a modest increase in both conductance and Seebeck coefficient due to the contraction of the HOMO-LUMO gap upon metal coordination. It is shown that the low Seebeck coefficient is primarily a consequence of how the resonances shift relative to the Fermi energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Bastante
- Departamento de Física de la Materia Condensada C-III, and Instituto Universitario de Ciencia de Materiales "Nicolás Cabrera", Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, E-28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ross J Davidson
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, Stockton Road, Durham DH1 3LE, U.K
| | - Wafa Al Malki
- Department of Physics, University of Lancaster, Lancaster LA1 4YB, U.K
| | - Rebecca J Salthouse
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, Stockton Road, Durham DH1 3LE, U.K
| | - Pilar Cea
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Departamento de Química Física, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Santiago Martin
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Departamento de Química Física, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Laboratorio de Microscopias Avanzadas (LMA), Universidad de Zaragoza, 50018, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Andrei S Batsanov
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, Stockton Road, Durham DH1 3LE, U.K
| | - Colin J Lambert
- Department of Physics, University of Lancaster, Lancaster LA1 4YB, U.K
| | - Martin R Bryce
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, Stockton Road, Durham DH1 3LE, U.K
| | - Nicolas Agrait
- Departamento de Física de la Materia Condensada C-III, and Instituto Universitario de Ciencia de Materiales "Nicolás Cabrera", Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, E-28049 Madrid, Spain
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2
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Quintero SM, Van Nyvel L, Roig N, Casado J, Alonso M. Electron Transport through Linear-, Broken-, and Cross-Conjugated Polycyclic Compounds. J Phys Chem A 2024; 128:6140-6157. [PMID: 39041954 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.4c01588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
Quantum interference (QI) effects offer unique opportunities to modulate charge transport through single molecules. In recent years, several transmission selection rules have been developed to determine constructive and destructive QIs in an intuitive and simple manner, although some of these rules fail for cross-conjugated systems. In this work, we evaluate the performance of distinct transmission rules on a broad series of anthracene and fluorene derivatives with distinctive structural features including linear-, broken-, and cross-conjugation, heteroatoms, and five-membered rings as such species affords a predictive challenge for the qualitative selection rules for QI effects. The electron transport properties and local transmission plots are first evaluated by combining DFT and the nonequilibrium Green function method allowing for an equal-footing comparison of the conductance of the different polycyclic compounds. Our findings are in line with experimental observations on the influence of the type of conjugation and the connectivity to the metallic electrodes on the transport properties. Thus, cross-conjugated systems exhibit reduced conductance values as compared to the linear-conjugated ones, although the transmission is enhanced in the meta-connected junctions. Remarkably, our study reveals that aromatic cores exhibit generally larger zero-bias conductance for a given connectivity, in contrast to the negative aromaticity-conductance relationship found in literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Moles Quintero
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Málaga, Campus de Teatinos s/n, Málaga 29071, Spain
| | - Louis Van Nyvel
- Eenheid Algemene Chemie (ALGC), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nil Roig
- Eenheid Algemene Chemie (ALGC), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Juan Casado
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Málaga, Campus de Teatinos s/n, Málaga 29071, Spain
| | - Mercedes Alonso
- Eenheid Algemene Chemie (ALGC), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
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3
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Yan S, Luan Y, Xu H, Fan H, Martin L, Gupta AK, Linke H, Meyhofer E, Reddy P, Pauly F, Wärnmark K. How substituents tune quantum interference in meta-OPE3 molecular junctions to control thermoelectric transport. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:13905-13914. [PMID: 38973506 DOI: 10.1039/d4nr02188f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
Quantum interference (QI) can strongly affect electric and thermoelectric properties of molecular junctions (MJs). So far, however, a limited number of experimental studies have explored the influence of QI on thermoelectric transport in MJs. To address this open point, we synthesized derivatives of meta-OPE3 with an electron-withdrawing nitro (-NO2) substituent or an electron-donating N,N-dimethyl amine (-NMe2) substituent, attached at two different positions of the central phenylene ring, and systematically studied the electrical conductance and thermopower of the corresponding gold-molecule-gold junctions. We show that (i) the electrical conductance of MJs depends weakly on the polarity of the substituents but strongly on the substitution position and (ii) MJs with the N,N-dimethyl amine group feature a higher thermopower than MJs with the nitro group. We also present calculations based on first principles, which explain these trends and show that the transport properties are highly sensitive to microscopic details in junctions, exhibiting destructive QI features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shen Yan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| | - Yuxuan Luan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| | - Hailiang Xu
- NanoLund, Lund University, Box 118, 22100 Lund, Sweden.
- Department of Chemistry, Centre of Analysis and Synthesis, Lund University, Box 121, 22100 Lund, Sweden.
| | - Hao Fan
- Department of Chemistry, Centre of Analysis and Synthesis, Lund University, Box 121, 22100 Lund, Sweden.
| | - León Martin
- Institute of Physics and Center for Advanced Analytics and Predictive Sciences, University of Augsburg, 86159 Augsburg, Germany.
| | - Arvind Kumar Gupta
- Department of Chemistry, Centre of Analysis and Synthesis, Lund University, Box 121, 22100 Lund, Sweden.
| | - Heiner Linke
- NanoLund, Lund University, Box 118, 22100 Lund, Sweden.
- Solid State Physics, Lund University, Box 118, 22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Edgar Meyhofer
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| | - Pramod Reddy
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| | - Fabian Pauly
- Institute of Physics and Center for Advanced Analytics and Predictive Sciences, University of Augsburg, 86159 Augsburg, Germany.
| | - Kenneth Wärnmark
- NanoLund, Lund University, Box 118, 22100 Lund, Sweden.
- Department of Chemistry, Centre of Analysis and Synthesis, Lund University, Box 121, 22100 Lund, Sweden.
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4
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Sil A, Alsaqer M, Spano CE, Larbi A, Higgins SJ, Robertson CM, Graziano M, Sangtarash S, Nichols RJ, Sadeghi H, Vezzoli A. Mechanical Manipulation of Quantum Interference in Single-Molecule Junctions. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2308865. [PMID: 38221684 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202308865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Mechanosensitive molecular junctions, where conductance is sensitive to an applied stress such as force or displacement, are a class of nanoelectromechanical systems unique for their ability to exploit quantum mechanical phenomena. Most studies so far relied on reconfiguration of the molecule-electrode interface to impart mechanosensitivity, but this approach is limited and, generally, poorly reproducible. Alternatively, devices that exploit conformational flexibility of molecular wires have been recently proposed. The mechanosensitive properties of molecular wires containing the 1,1'-dinaphthyl moiety are presented here. Rotation along the chemical bond between the two naphthyl units is possible, giving rise to two conformers (transoid and cisoid) that have distinctive transport properties. When assembled as single-molecule junctions, it is possible to mechanically trigger the transoid to cisoid transition, resulting in an exquisitely sensitive mechanical switch with high switching ratio (> 102). Theoretical modeling shows that charge reconfiguration upon transoid to cisoid transition is responsible for the observed behavior, with generation and subsequent lifting of quantum interference features. These findings expand the experimental toolbox of molecular electronics with a novel chemical structure with outstanding electromechanical properties, further demonstrating the importance of subtle changes in charge delocalization on the transport properties of single-molecule devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Sil
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool, L69 7ZD, UK
| | - Munirah Alsaqer
- Device Modelling Group, School of Engineering, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Chiara E Spano
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool, L69 7ZD, UK
- Department of Electronics and Telecommunications, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi, Torino, 10129, Italy
| | - Adam Larbi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool, L69 7ZD, UK
| | - Simon J Higgins
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool, L69 7ZD, UK
| | - Craig M Robertson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool, L69 7ZD, UK
| | - Mariagrazia Graziano
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi, Torino, 10129, Italy
| | - Sara Sangtarash
- Device Modelling Group, School of Engineering, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Richard J Nichols
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool, L69 7ZD, UK
| | - Hatef Sadeghi
- Device Modelling Group, School of Engineering, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Andrea Vezzoli
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool, L69 7ZD, UK
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5
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Ma C, Li Y, Tang A, Wang R, Li Y, Li Z, Yang J, Li H. Manipulating the charge transport via incorporating a cobalt bridge into a single-molecule junction. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:1608-1611. [PMID: 38127678 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp04979e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Cobalt-bridged organometallic molecular wires (p-Co-p, p-Co-m and m-Co-m) are synthesized, and their charge transport properties are studied. The experimental results show that the quantum interference (QI) effects of cobalt-bridged organometallic wires are determined by the anchoring group. Interestingly, the cobalt-bridge reduces the conductance of the junctions and tunes the QI effect of the wires. These results demonstrate the unique property of metal-bridged organometallic molecular wires and their potential applications in molecular electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoqi Ma
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China.
| | - Yunpeng Li
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China.
| | - Ajun Tang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China.
| | - Rui Wang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China.
| | - Yingjie Li
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China.
| | - Zhi Li
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China.
| | - Jiawei Yang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China.
| | - Hongxiang Li
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China.
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6
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Fan Y, Tao S, Pitié S, Liu C, Zhao C, Seydou M, Dappe YJ, Low PJ, Nichols RJ, Yang L. Destructive quantum interference in meta-oligo(phenyleneethynylene) molecular wires with gold-graphene heterojunctions. NANOSCALE 2023; 16:195-204. [PMID: 38050747 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr04012g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
Quantum interference (QI) is well recognised as a significant contributing factor to the magnitude of molecular conductance values in both single-molecule and large area junctions. Numerous structure-property relationship studies have shown that para-connected oligo(phenyleneethynylene) (OPE) based molecular wires exemplify the impact of constructive quantum interference (CQI), whilst destructive quantum interference (DQI) effects are responsible for the orders of magnitude lower conductance of analogous meta-contacted OPE derivatives, despite the somewhat shorter effective tunnelling distance. Since molecular conductance is related to the value of the transmission function, evaluated at the electrode Fermi energy, T(EF), which in turn is influenced by the presence and relative energy of (anti)resonances, it follows that the relative single-molecule conductance of para- and meta-contacted OPE-type molecules is tuned both by the anchor group and the nature of the electrode materials used in the construction of molecular junctions (gold|molecule|gold vs. gold|molecule|graphene). It is shown here that whilst amine-contacted junctions show little influence of the electrode material on molecular conductance due to the similar electrode-molecule coupling through this anchor group to both types of electrodes, the weaker coupling between thiomethyl and ethynyl anchors and the graphene substrate electrode results in a relative enhancement of the DQI effect. This work highlights an additional parameter space to explore QI effects and establishes a new working model based on the electrode materials and anchor groups in modulating QI effects beyond the chemical structure of the molecular backbone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinqi Fan
- Department of Chemistry, Xi'an-Jiaotong Liverpool University, Suzhou, 215123, China.
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZD, UK
| | - Shuhui Tao
- Department of Chemistry, Xi'an-Jiaotong Liverpool University, Suzhou, 215123, China.
- NUS (Chongqing) Research Institute, Chongqing, China
| | - Sylvain Pitié
- Applied Quantum Chemistry Group, E4, IC2MP, UMR 7285 Poitiers University CNRS, 86073 Poitiers, France
| | - Chenguang Liu
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Xi'an-Jiaotong Liverpool University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Chun Zhao
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Xi'an-Jiaotong Liverpool University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | | | - Yannick J Dappe
- SPEC, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Paul J Low
- School of Molecular Sciences, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, 6009 Crawley, Australia
| | - Richard J Nichols
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZD, UK
| | - Li Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Xi'an-Jiaotong Liverpool University, Suzhou, 215123, China.
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZD, UK
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7
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Li Z, Wang R, Li Y, Li Y, Ma C, Yang J, Li H. Reversible electric switching of NDI molecular wires by orthogonal stimuli. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:12743-12746. [PMID: 37807872 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc03486k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
The charge transport of 1,4,5,8-naphthalene diimide (NDI)-based molecules is explored. Experimental results show that the conductance of the TH-NDI molecular junction can be reversibly tuned by bias voltage and solvent, while the conductance of the PH-NDI junction is almost independent of the bias voltage and solvent. Based on these orthogonal stimuli, an AND logic gate of TH-NDI junction with an electric signal as the output is constructed. These results will advance the development of functional molecular devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Li
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China.
| | - Rui Wang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China.
| | - Yunpeng Li
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China.
| | - Yingjie Li
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China.
| | - Chaoqi Ma
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China.
| | - Jiawei Yang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China.
| | - Hongxiang Li
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China.
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8
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Skipper HE, Lawson B, Pan X, Degtiareva V, Kamenetska M. Manipulating Quantum Interference between σ and π Orbitals in Single-Molecule Junctions via Chemical Substitution and Environmental Control. ACS NANO 2023; 17:16107-16114. [PMID: 37540771 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c04963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
Understanding and manipulating quantum interference (QI) effects in single molecule junction conductance can enable the design of molecular-scale devices. Here we demonstrate QI between σ and π molecular orbitals in an ∼4 Å molecule, pyrazine, bridging source and drain electrodes. Using single molecule conductance measurements, first-principles analysis, and electronic transport calculations, we show that this phenomenon leads to distinct patterns of electron transport in nanoscale junctions, such as destructive interference through the para position of a six-membered ring. These QI effects can be tuned to allow conductance switching using environmental pH control. Our work lays out a conceptual framework for engineering QI features in short molecular systems through synthetic and external manipulation that tunes the energies and symmetries of the σ and π channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah E Skipper
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Brent Lawson
- Department of Physics, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Xiaoyun Pan
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Vera Degtiareva
- Department of Physics, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Maria Kamenetska
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
- Department of Physics, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
- Division of Material Science and Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
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9
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O'Driscoll LJ, Jay M, Robinson BJ, Sadeghi H, Wang X, Penhale-Jones B, Bryce MR, Lambert CJ. Planar aromatic anchors control the electrical conductance of gold|molecule|graphene junctions. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2023; 5:2299-2306. [PMID: 37056609 PMCID: PMC10089101 DOI: 10.1039/d2na00873d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of a family of alkanethiol molecules with planar aromatic head groups, designed to anchor molecules effectively to graphene electrodes, is reported. Characterisation of self-assembled monolayers of these molecules on a gold surface via conductive atomic force microscopy shows that when an aromatic head group is present, the conductance G graphene obtained using a graphene coated probe is higher than the conductance G Pt obtained using a platinum (Pt) probe. For Pt probe and graphene probe junctions, the tunnelling decay constant of benzyl ether derivatives with an alkanethiol molecular backbone is determined as β = 5.6 nm-1 and 3.5 nm-1, respectively. The conductance ratio G graphene/G Pt increases as the number of rings present in the aromatic head unit, n, increases. However, as the number of rings increases, the conductance path length increases because the planar head groups lie at an angle to the plane of the electrodes. This means that overall conductance decreases as n increases. Density functional theory-based charge transport calculations support these experimental findings. This study confirms that planar aromatic head groups can function as effective anchoring units for graphene electrodes in large area molecular junctions. However, the results also indicate that the size and geometry of these head groups must be considered in order to produce effective molecular designs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael Jay
- Dept. of Physics, Lancaster University Lancaster LA1 4YB UK
| | | | - Hatef Sadeghi
- Dept. of Engineering, Warwick University Coventry CV4 7AL UK
| | - Xintai Wang
- School of Information Science and Technology, Dalian Maritime University Dalian China
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10
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Montenegro-Pohlhammer N, Kuppusamy SK, Cárdenas-Jirón G, Calzado CJ, Ruben M. Computational demonstration of isomer- and spin-state-dependent charge transport in molecular junctions composed of charge-neutral iron(II) spin-crossover complexes. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:1229-1240. [PMID: 36606462 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt02598a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Chemistry offers a multitude of opportunities towards harnessing functional molecular materials with application propensity. One emerging area of interest is molecular spintronics, in which charge and spin degrees of freedom have been used to achieve power-efficient device architectures. Herein, we show that, with the aid of state-of-the-art quantum chemical calculations on designer molecular junctions, the conductance and spin filtering capabilities are molecular structure-dependent. As inferred from the calculations, structural control over the transport can be achieved by changing the position of the thiomethyl (SMe) anchoring groups for Au(111) electrodes in a set of isomeric 2,2'-bipyridine-based metal coordinating ligand entities L1 and L2. The computational studies on heteroleptic iron(II) coordination complexes (1 and 2) composed of L1 and L2 reveal that switching the spin-state of the iron(II) centers, from the low-spin (LS) to high-spin (HS) state, by means of an external electric field stimulus, could, in theory, be performed. Such switching, known as spin-crossover (SCO), renders charge transport through single-molecule junctions of 1 and 2 spin-state-dependent, and the HS junctions are more conductive than the LS junctions for both complexes. Additionally, the LS and HS junctions based on complex 1 are more conductive than those featuring complex 2. Moreover, it is predicted that the spin filtering efficiency (SFE) of the HS junctions strongly depends on the bridging complex geometry, with 1 showing a voltage-dependent SFE, whereas 2 exhibits an SFE of practically 100% over all the studied voltage range. To be pragmatic towards applications, the ligands L1 and L2 and complex 1 have been successfully synthesized, and the spin-state switching propensity of 1 in the bulk state has been elucidated. The results shown in this study might lead to the synthesis and characterization of isomeric SCO complexes with tuneable spin-state switching and charge transport properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolás Montenegro-Pohlhammer
- Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, University of Santiago de Chile (USACH), 9170022, Santiago, Chile.
- Departamento de Química Física. Universidad de Sevilla, c/Profesor García González, s/n., 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Senthil Kumar Kuppusamy
- Institute of Quantum Materials and Technologies (IQMT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | - Gloria Cárdenas-Jirón
- Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, University of Santiago de Chile (USACH), 9170022, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Carmen J Calzado
- Departamento de Química Física. Universidad de Sevilla, c/Profesor García González, s/n., 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Mario Ruben
- Institute of Quantum Materials and Technologies (IQMT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany.
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany
- Centre Européen de Sciences Quantiques (CESQ), Institut de Science et d'Ingénierie Supramoléculaire (ISIS), Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
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11
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Harrison DP, Grotjahn R, Naher M, Ghazvini SMBH, Mazzucato DM, Korb M, Moggach SA, Lambert C, Kaupp M, Low PJ. Quantum Interference in Mixed-Valence Complexes: Tuning Electronic Coupling Through Substituent Effects. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202211000. [PMID: 36031588 PMCID: PMC9828041 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202211000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Whilst 2- or 5-OMe groups on the bridging phenylene ring in [{Cp*(dppe)RuC≡C}2 (μ-1,3-C6 H4 )]+ have little influence on the electronic structure of this weakly coupled mixed-valence complex, a 4-OMe substituent enhances ground state electron delocalization, and increases the intensity of the IVCT transition. Vibrational frequency and TDDFT calculations (LH20t-D3(BJ), def2-SVP, COSMO (CH2 Cl2 )) on ([{Cp*(dppe)RuC≡C}2 (μ-1,3-C6 H3 -n-OMe)]+ (n=2, 4, 5) models are in excellent agreement with the experimental results. The stronger ground state coupling is attributed to the change in composition of the β-HOSO brought about by the 4-OMe group, which is ortho or para to each of the metal fragments. The intensity of the IVCT transition increases with the greater overlap of the β-HOSO and β-LUSO, whilst the relative phases of the β-HOSO and β-LUSO in the 4-OMe substituted complex are consistent with predictions of constructive quantum interference from molecular circuit rules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel P. Harrison
- School of Molecular SciencesUniversity of Western Australia35 Stirling HighwayCrawleyWA, 6009Australia
| | - Robin Grotjahn
- Institut für ChemieTechnische Universität BerlinStraße des 17. Juni 13510623BerlinGermany
- Present address: Department of ChemistryUniversity of California, Irvine1102 Natural Science IIIrvineCA 92697-2025USA
| | - Masnun Naher
- School of Molecular SciencesUniversity of Western Australia35 Stirling HighwayCrawleyWA, 6009Australia
| | - Seyed M. B. H. Ghazvini
- School of Molecular SciencesUniversity of Western Australia35 Stirling HighwayCrawleyWA, 6009Australia
| | - Daniel M. Mazzucato
- School of Molecular SciencesUniversity of Western Australia35 Stirling HighwayCrawleyWA, 6009Australia
| | - Marcus Korb
- School of Molecular SciencesUniversity of Western Australia35 Stirling HighwayCrawleyWA, 6009Australia
| | - Stephen A. Moggach
- School of Molecular SciencesUniversity of Western Australia35 Stirling HighwayCrawleyWA, 6009Australia
| | - Colin Lambert
- Department of PhysicsUniversity of LancasterLancasterLA1 4YBUK
| | - Martin Kaupp
- Institut für ChemieTechnische Universität BerlinStraße des 17. Juni 13510623BerlinGermany
| | - Paul J. Low
- School of Molecular SciencesUniversity of Western Australia35 Stirling HighwayCrawleyWA, 6009Australia
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12
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Li P, Zhou L, Zhao C, Ju H, Gao Q, Si W, Cheng L, Hao J, Li M, Chen Y, Jia C, Guo X. Single-molecule nano-optoelectronics: insights from physics. REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS. PHYSICAL SOCIETY (GREAT BRITAIN) 2022; 85:086401. [PMID: 35623319 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6633/ac7401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Single-molecule optoelectronic devices promise a potential solution for miniaturization and functionalization of silicon-based microelectronic circuits in the future. For decades of its fast development, this field has made significant progress in the synthesis of optoelectronic materials, the fabrication of single-molecule devices and the realization of optoelectronic functions. On the other hand, single-molecule optoelectronic devices offer a reliable platform to investigate the intrinsic physical phenomena and regulation rules of matters at the single-molecule level. To further realize and regulate the optoelectronic functions toward practical applications, it is necessary to clarify the intrinsic physical mechanisms of single-molecule optoelectronic nanodevices. Here, we provide a timely review to survey the physical phenomena and laws involved in single-molecule optoelectronic materials and devices, including charge effects, spin effects, exciton effects, vibronic effects, structural and orbital effects. In particular, we will systematically summarize the basics of molecular optoelectronic materials, and the physical effects and manipulations of single-molecule optoelectronic nanodevices. In addition, fundamentals of single-molecule electronics, which are basic of single-molecule optoelectronics, can also be found in this review. At last, we tend to focus the discussion on the opportunities and challenges arising in the field of single-molecule optoelectronics, and propose further potential breakthroughs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peihui Li
- Center of Single-Molecule Sciences, Institute of Modern Optics, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Micro-Scale Optical Information Science and Technology, College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering, Nankai University, 38 Tongyan Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin 300350, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Zhou
- Center of Single-Molecule Sciences, Institute of Modern Optics, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Micro-Scale Optical Information Science and Technology, College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering, Nankai University, 38 Tongyan Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin 300350, People's Republic of China
| | - Cong Zhao
- Center of Single-Molecule Sciences, Institute of Modern Optics, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Micro-Scale Optical Information Science and Technology, College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering, Nankai University, 38 Tongyan Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin 300350, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongyu Ju
- Center of Single-Molecule Sciences, Institute of Modern Optics, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Micro-Scale Optical Information Science and Technology, College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering, Nankai University, 38 Tongyan Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin 300350, People's Republic of China
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300072, People's Republic of China
| | - Qinghua Gao
- Center of Single-Molecule Sciences, Institute of Modern Optics, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Micro-Scale Optical Information Science and Technology, College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering, Nankai University, 38 Tongyan Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin 300350, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Si
- Center of Single-Molecule Sciences, Institute of Modern Optics, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Micro-Scale Optical Information Science and Technology, College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering, Nankai University, 38 Tongyan Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin 300350, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Cheng
- Center of Single-Molecule Sciences, Institute of Modern Optics, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Micro-Scale Optical Information Science and Technology, College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering, Nankai University, 38 Tongyan Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin 300350, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Hao
- Center of Single-Molecule Sciences, Institute of Modern Optics, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Micro-Scale Optical Information Science and Technology, College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering, Nankai University, 38 Tongyan Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin 300350, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengmeng Li
- Center of Single-Molecule Sciences, Institute of Modern Optics, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Micro-Scale Optical Information Science and Technology, College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering, Nankai University, 38 Tongyan Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin 300350, People's Republic of China
| | - Yijian Chen
- Center of Single-Molecule Sciences, Institute of Modern Optics, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Micro-Scale Optical Information Science and Technology, College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering, Nankai University, 38 Tongyan Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin 300350, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuancheng Jia
- Center of Single-Molecule Sciences, Institute of Modern Optics, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Micro-Scale Optical Information Science and Technology, College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering, Nankai University, 38 Tongyan Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin 300350, People's Republic of China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, National Biomedical Imaging Center, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, 292 Chengfu Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuefeng Guo
- Center of Single-Molecule Sciences, Institute of Modern Optics, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Micro-Scale Optical Information Science and Technology, College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering, Nankai University, 38 Tongyan Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin 300350, People's Republic of China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, National Biomedical Imaging Center, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, 292 Chengfu Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
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13
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Yan SS, Wang JY, Pan ZY, Zheng DS, Zhang QC, Chen ZN. Freezing the conductance of platinum(II) complexes by quantum interference effect. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2021.10.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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14
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Garner MH, Koerstz M, Jensen JH, Solomon GC. Substituent Control of σ-Interference Effects in the Transmission of Saturated Molecules. ACS PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY AU 2022; 2:282-288. [PMID: 36855417 PMCID: PMC9955259 DOI: 10.1021/acsphyschemau.2c00016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The single-molecule conductance of saturated molecules can potentially be fully suppressed by destructive quantum interference in their σ-system. However, only few molecules with σ-interference have been identified, and the structure-property relationship remains to be elucidated. Here, we explore the role of substituents in modulating the electronic transmission of saturated molecules. In functionalized bicyclo[2.2.2]octanes, the transmission is suppressed by σ-interference when fluorine substituents are applied. For bicyclo[2.2.2]octasilane and -octagermanes, the transmission is suppressed when carbon-based substituents are used, and such molecules are likely to be highly insulating. For the carbon-based substituents, we find a strong correlation between the appropriate Hammett constants and the transmission. The substituent effect enables systematic optimization of the insulating properties of saturated molecular cores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc H. Garner
- Nano-Science
Center, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark,Department
of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Mads Koerstz
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Jan H. Jensen
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Gemma C. Solomon
- Nano-Science
Center, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark,Department
of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark,
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15
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Abstract
Single-molecule junctions - devices fabricated by electrically connecting a single molecule to two electrodes - can respond to a variety of stimuli, that include electrostatic/electrochemical gating, light, other chemical species, and mechanical forces. When the latter is used, the device becomes mechanoresistive which means that its electrical resistance/conductance changes upon application of a mechanical stress. The mechanoresistive phenomenon can arise at the metal-molecule interface or it can be embedded in the molecular backbone, and several strategies to attain high reproducibility, high sensitivity and reversible behaviour have been developed over the years. These devices offer a unique insight on the process of charge transfer/transport at the metal/molecule interface, and have potential for applications as nanoelectromechanical systems, integrating electrical and mechanical functionality at the nanoscale. In this review, the status of the field is presented, with a focus on those systems that proved to have reversible behaviour, along with a discussion on the techniques used to fabricate and characterise mechanoresistive devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Vezzoli
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZD, UK.
- Stephenson Institute for Renewable Energy, University of Liverpool, Peach Streat, Liverpool L69 7ZF, UK
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16
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Wang R, Song K, Wei C, Hong W, Zang Y, Qu D, Li H. Substitution pattern controlled charge transport in BN-embedded aromatics-based single molecule junctions. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:2227-2233. [PMID: 35014644 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp04671c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The understanding of charge transport at a single molecule level is a prerequisite for the fabrication of molecular devices. Here, the relationship between molecular conductance, substitution pattern and stimuli response in BN-embedded aromatics was systematically investigated using the break junction technique. It was found that the para-phenylthioether-anchored BN molecule (p-BN-p) shows the highest conductance of 10-4.86G0, and the meta-phenylthioether-anchored BN molecule (m-BN-m) exhibits the lowest conductance which is lower than the instrument detection limit (<10-6.0G0). The m-BN-p and p-BN-m molecules, with both para- and meta-substituted anchor groups on two termini, show moderate conductances of 10-5.50G0 and 10-5.45G0, respectively. The conductance difference is interpreted as a distinct quantum interference effect caused by the substitution pattern of the anchoring groups. Notably, their conductance changes slightly upon coordination with a fluoride ion, in spite of the distinct change of their frontier orbital energy levels. These results demonstrate that, in addition to the frontier orbital energy levels, the anchors play an important role in the design of stimuli-responsive molecular electronic devices with a high on/off current ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Wang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China.
| | - Kai Song
- Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (ICCAS), Beijing, 100190, P. R. China.
| | - Caiyun Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
| | - Wenjing Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
| | - Yaping Zang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (ICCAS), Beijing, 100190, P. R. China.
| | - Dahui Qu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China.
| | - Hongxiang Li
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China.
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17
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Naher M, Gorenskaia E, Moggach SA, Becker T, Nichols RJ, Lambert CJ, Low PJ. A one-pot synthesis of oligo(arylene–ethynylene)-molecular wires and their use in the further verification of molecular circuit laws†. Aust J Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1071/ch21235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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18
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Qu FY, Zhao ZH, Ren XR, Zhang SF, Wang L, Wang D. Multiple heteroatom substitution effect on destructive quantum interference in tripodal single-molecule junctions. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:26795-26801. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cp03902h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Destructive quantum interference manipulating the electron transport in tripodal meta-linked phenyl derivatives can be modulated by adjusting the number and the position of the substituted heteroatom(s) inside the molecular core.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fa-Yu Qu
- School of Materials Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 10083, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology and Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science (CAS), Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Zhi-Hao Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology and Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science (CAS), Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiao-Rui Ren
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology and Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science (CAS), Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Shou-Feng Zhang
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou, 545006, P. R. China
| | - Lin Wang
- School of Materials Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 10083, China
| | - Dong Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology and Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science (CAS), Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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19
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Wang R, Li Y, Tang A, Li Y, Li H. Gating the Conductance of Single - Molecule Junction with Ion-π Interaction. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:8290-8293. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cc02755k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The single molecular conductance of viologen derivative VSMe and supramolecular compound VSMe-PA[5] (pillararene[5]) was investigated. The difference of their conductance demonstrated the gating effect of cation-π interaction. Theoretical calculations showed...
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20
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Zhou YF, Chang WY, Chen JZ, Huang JR, Fu JY, Zhang JN, Pei LQ, Wang YH, Jin S, Zhou XS. Substituent-mediated quantum interference toward a giant single-molecule conductance variation. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 33:095201. [PMID: 34798622 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac3b84] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Quantum interference (QI) in single molecular junctions shows a promising perspective for realizing conceptual nanoelectronics. However, controlling and modulating the QI remains a big challenge. Herein, two-type substituents at different positions ofmeta-linked benzene, namely electron-donating methoxy (-OMe) and electron-withdrawing nitryl (-NO2), are designed and synthesized to investigate the substituent effects on QI. The calculated transmission coefficientsT(E) indicates that -OMe and -NO2could remove the antiresonance and destructive quantum interference (DQI)-induced transmission dips at position 2. -OMe could raise the antiresonance energy at position 4 while -NO2groups removes the DQI features. For substituents at position 5, both of them are nonactive for tuning QI. The conductance measurements by scanning tunneling microscopy break junction show a good agreement with the theoretical prediction. More than two order of magnitude single-molecule conductance on/off ratio could be achieved at the different positions of -NO2substituent groups at room temperature. The present work proves chemical substituents can be used for tuning QI features in single molecular junctions, which provides a feasible way toward realization of high-performance molecular devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Fan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Yan Chang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing-Zhe Chen
- Department of Physics, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun-Ren Huang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia-Ying Fu
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin-Na Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin-Qi Pei
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, People's Republic of China
| | - Ya-Hao Wang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, People's Republic of China
| | - Shan Jin
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Shun Zhou
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, People's Republic of China
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21
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Zhu Y, Tan Z, Hong W. Simultaneous Electrical and Mechanical Characterization of Single-Molecule Junctions Using AFM-BJ Technique. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:30873-30888. [PMID: 34841131 PMCID: PMC8613807 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c04785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The fabrication and characterization of single-molecule junctions provide a unique platform to study the physical phenomena of a single molecule, and the electrical characterization enables us to understand the electrical transport properties of a single molecule and guide the fabrication of molecular electronic devices. However, the electrical characterization of single-molecule junctions is sometimes insufficient to extract the structural information on single-molecule junctions, and an alternate method to address this problem is to characterize the mechanical properties of single-molecule junctions. Simultaneous measurement of mechanical and electrical properties can provide complementary information on single molecules to analyze the correlations of their electrical and mechanical properties in the evolution of single-molecule junctions. In this mini-review, we summarize the progress on the simultaneous characterizations of mechanical and electrical properties for single-molecule junctions, and discuss the challenges and perspectives of this research area.
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22
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Reznikova K, Hsu C, Schosser WM, Gallego A, Beltako K, Pauly F, van der Zant HSJ, Mayor M. Substitution Pattern Controlled Quantum Interference in [2.2]Paracyclophane-Based Single-Molecule Junctions. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:13944-13951. [PMID: 34424713 PMCID: PMC8414552 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c06966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Quantum interference (QI) of electron waves passing through a single-molecule junction provides a powerful means to influence its electrical properties. Here, we investigate the correlation between substitution pattern, conductance, and mechanosensitivity in [2.2]paracyclophane (PCP)-based molecular wires in a mechanically controlled break junction experiment. The effect of the meta versus para connectivity in both the central PCP core and the phenyl ring connecting the terminal anchoring group is studied. We find that the meta-phenyl-anchored PCP yields such low conductance levels that molecular features cannot be resolved; in the case of para-phenyl-coupled anchoring, however, large variations in conductance values for modulations of the electrode separation occur for the pseudo-para-coupled PCP core, while this mechanosensitivity is absent for the pseudo-meta-PCP core. The experimental findings are interpreted in terms of QI effects between molecular frontier orbitals by theoretical calculations based on density functional theory and the Landauer formalism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ksenia Reznikova
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johanns-Ring 19, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Chunwei Hsu
- Kavli
Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University
of Technology, Lorentzweg 1, 2628 GJ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Werner M. Schosser
- Institute
of Physics, University of Augsburg, Universitätsstraße 1, 86159 Augsburg, Germany
| | - Almudena Gallego
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johanns-Ring 19, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Katawoura Beltako
- Institute
of Physics, University of Augsburg, Universitätsstraße 1, 86159 Augsburg, Germany
| | - Fabian Pauly
- Institute
of Physics, University of Augsburg, Universitätsstraße 1, 86159 Augsburg, Germany
| | - Herre S. J. van der Zant
- Kavli
Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University
of Technology, Lorentzweg 1, 2628 GJ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Marcel Mayor
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johanns-Ring 19, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
- Institute
for Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute
of Technology (KIT), P. O. Box 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Lehn
Institute of Functional Materials, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510274, P. R. China
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23
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O’Driscoll LJ, Sangtarash S, Xu W, Daaoub A, Hong W, Sadeghi H, Bryce MR. Heteroatom Effects on Quantum Interference in Molecular Junctions: Modulating Antiresonances by Molecular Design. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2021; 125:17385-17391. [PMID: 34476041 PMCID: PMC8397347 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.1c04242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Controlling charge transport through molecular wires by utilizing quantum interference (QI) is a growing topic in single-molecular electronics. In this article, scanning tunneling microscopy-break junction techniques and density functional theory calculations are employed to investigate the single-molecule conductance properties of four molecules that have been specifically designed to test extended curly arrow rules (ECARs) for predicting QI in molecular junctions. Specifically, for two new isomeric 1-phenylpyrrole derivatives, the conductance pathway between the gold electrodes must pass through a nitrogen atom: this novel feature is designed to maximize the influence of the heteroatom on conductance properties and has not been the subject of prior investigations of QI. It is shown, experimentally and computationally, that the presence of a nitrogen atom in the conductance pathway increases the effect of changing the position of the anchoring group on the phenyl ring from para to meta, in comparison with biphenyl analogues. This effect is explained in terms of destructive QI (DQI) for the meta-connected pyrrole and shifted DQI for the para-connected isomer. These results demonstrate modulation of antiresonances by molecular design and verify the validity of ECARs as a simple "pen-and-paper" method for predicting QI behavior. The principles offer new fundamental insights into structure-property relationships in molecular junctions and can now be exploited in a range of different heterocycles for molecular electronic applications, such as switches based on external gating, or in thermoelectric devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke J. O’Driscoll
- Department
of Chemistry, Durham University, Lower Mountjoy, Stockton Road, Durham DH1 3LE, U.K.
| | - Sara Sangtarash
- School
of Engineering, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K.
| | - Wei Xu
- State
Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM, NEL,
College of Chemistry and Chemical
Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Abdalghani Daaoub
- School
of Engineering, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K.
| | - Wenjing Hong
- State
Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM, NEL,
College of Chemistry and Chemical
Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Hatef Sadeghi
- School
of Engineering, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K.
| | - Martin R. Bryce
- Department
of Chemistry, Durham University, Lower Mountjoy, Stockton Road, Durham DH1 3LE, U.K.
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24
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Yuan S, Xu X, Daaoub A, Fang C, Cao W, Chen H, Sangtarash S, Zhang J, Sadeghi H, Hong W. Single-atom control of electrical conductance and thermopower through single-cluster junctions. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:12594-12601. [PMID: 34259698 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr02734d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The control of single atoms offers fundamental insight into understanding the charge transport through single clusters, and the atomic precision of the clusters provides the opportunity to manipulate the charge transport even at the single-atom level. Herein, we designed and investigated the electrical conductance and thermopower of Anderson-type polyoxometalate (POM) clusters with single-atom variation using the scanning tunneling microscopy break-junction (STM-BJ) technique. Our results show the electrical conductance of single clusters can be changed by an order of magnitude by substituting different center-metal atoms, and the electrical conductance of clusters shows different bias-dependence. Furthermore, the Seebeck coefficients of the POM clusters also can be significantly changed by the center-metal atoms. The non-equilibrium quantum transport calculations reveal that the electrostatic potential profile is non-uniformly dependent on the center-metal atoms. This leads to gating of electrical conductance by bias voltage. This supports the tuning of thermopower and bias dependent transmission spectra. This work provides the fundamental understanding of single-atom control of charge transport in POM single-cluster junctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saisai Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Xiamen University Xiamen, 361005, China.
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25
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O'Driscoll LJ, Bryce MR. A review of oligo(arylene ethynylene) derivatives in molecular junctions. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:10668-10711. [PMID: 34110337 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr02023d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Oligo(arylene ethynylene) (OAE) derivatives are the "workhorse" molecules of molecular electronics. Their ease of synthesis and flexibility of functionalisation mean that a diverse array of OAE molecular wires have been designed, synthesised and studied theoretically and experimentally in molecular junctions using both single-molecule and ensemble methods. This review summarises the breadth of molecular designs that have been investigated with emphasis on structure-property relationships with respect to the electronic conductance of OAEs. The factors considered include molecular length, connectivity, conjugation, (anti)aromaticity, heteroatom effects and quantum interference (QI). Growing interest in the thermoelectric properties of OAE derivatives, which are expected to be at the forefront of research into organic thermoelectric devices, is also explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke J O'Driscoll
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, Lower Mountjoy, Stockton Road, Durham, UKDH1 3LE.
| | - Martin R Bryce
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, Lower Mountjoy, Stockton Road, Durham, UKDH1 3LE.
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26
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Tang C, Huang L, Sangtarash S, Noori M, Sadeghi H, Xia H, Hong W. Reversible Switching between Destructive and Constructive Quantum Interference Using Atomically Precise Chemical Gating of Single-Molecule Junctions. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:9385-9392. [PMID: 34143603 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c00928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Quantum interference (QI) plays an imperative role in the operation of molecular devices within the phase-coherent length, and it is vital to harness the patterns of QI, i.e., constructive and destructive interference. However, the size of the single-molecule device is too small compared to most gate electrodes. Those gates act like a backgate to affect the molecular component uniformly. Switching the patterns of QI in the same molecular skeleton remains challenging. Here, we develop the atomically precise gating strategy that manipulates the frontier orbitals of molecular components, achieving the complete switching of QI patterns between destructive to constructive QI and leading to a significant conductance modulation at room temperature. The chemical gating effect is exerted locally on the pyridine nitrogen through the selective interaction to cationic reagents, with which we can also control the switching reversibility as desired. We demonstrate the unique effect of atomically precise gating to modulate the quantum interference at the single-molecule scale, opening an avenue to develop new-conceptual electronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.,Department of Chemistry, Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Longfeng Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Sara Sangtarash
- School of Engineering, University of Warwick, CV4 7AL Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Mohammed Noori
- School of Engineering, University of Warwick, CV4 7AL Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Hatef Sadeghi
- School of Engineering, University of Warwick, CV4 7AL Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Haiping Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.,Department of Chemistry, Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Wenjing Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
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27
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O'Driscoll LJ, Bryce MR. Extended curly arrow rules to rationalise and predict structural effects on quantum interference in molecular junctions. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:1103-1123. [PMID: 33393950 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr07819k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The ability to easily and reliably predict quantum interference (QI) behaviour would facilitate the design of functional molecular wires with potential applications in switches, transistors and thermoelectric devices. A variety of predictive methods exist, but with the exception of computationally-expensive DFT-based charge transport simulations, these often fail to account for the experimentally observed behaviour of molecules that differ significantly in structure from alternant polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. By considering a range of prior studies we have developed an extension to predictive "curly arrow rules". We show that, in most cases, these extended curly arrow rules (ECARs) can rationalise the type of QI exhibited by conjugated molecular wires containing heteroatoms, cross-conjugation and/or non-alternant structures. ECARs provide a straightforward "pen-and-paper" method to predict whether a molecular wire will display constructive, destructive or "shifted destructive" QI, i.e. whether or not its transmission function would be expected to show an antiresonance, and if this antiresonance would occur close to the Fermi energy or be shifted elsewhere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke J O'Driscoll
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, Lower Mountjoy, Stockton Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK.
| | - Martin R Bryce
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, Lower Mountjoy, Stockton Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK.
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28
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Wang L, Zhao Z, Shinde DB, Lai Z, Wang D. Modulation of destructive quantum interference by bridge groups in truxene-based single-molecule junctions. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:667-670. [PMID: 33346271 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc07438a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Electron transport properties of polycyclic truxene derivatives have been investigated by the single molecule conductance measurement technique and theoretical study. Molecules with nitrogen and carbonyl substituents at the bridge sites exhibit higher single-molecule conductances by almost one order of magnitude compared with non-substituted analogues. It can be ascribed that the anti-resonance feature produced by destructive quantum interference (DQI) is alleviated and pushed away from the Fermi energy. These findings provide an effective chemical strategy for manipulating the DQI behavior in single molecular devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Wang
- School of Materials Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Zhihao Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology and Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, 100190, China. and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Digambar B Shinde
- Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials Center, Division of Physical Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zhiping Lai
- Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials Center, Division of Physical Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dong Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology and Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, 100190, China. and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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29
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Ludwig S, Helmdach K, Hüttenschmidt M, Oberem E, Rabeah J, Villinger A, Ludwig R, Seidel WW. Metal/Metal Redox Isomerism Governed by Configuration. Chemistry 2020; 26:16811-16817. [PMID: 32648996 PMCID: PMC7756430 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202003120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
A pair of diastereomeric dinuclear complexes, [Tp′(CO)BrW{μ‐η2‐C,C′‐κ2‐S,P‐C2(PPh2)S}Ru(η5‐C5H5)(PPh3)], in which W and Ru are bridged by a phosphinyl(thiolato)alkyne in a side‐on carbon P,S‐chelate coordination mode, were synthesized, separated and fully characterized. Even though the isomers are similar in their spectroscopic properties and redox potentials, the like‐isomer is oxidized at W while the unlike‐isomer is oxidized at Ru, which is proven by IR, NIR and EPR‐spectroscopy supported by spectro‐electrochemistry and computational methods. The second oxidation of the complexes was shown to take place at the metal left unaffected in the first redox step. Finally, the tipping point could be realized in the unlike isomer of the electronically tuned thiophenolate congener [Tp′(CO)(PhS)W{μ‐η2‐C,C′‐κ2‐S,P‐C2(PPh2)S}Ru(η5‐C5H5)‐(PPh3)], in which valence trapped WIII/RuII and WII/RuIII cationic species are at equilibrium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Ludwig
- Institut für Chemie, Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Straße 3a, 18059, Rostock, Germany
| | - Kai Helmdach
- Institut für Chemie, Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Straße 3a, 18059, Rostock, Germany
| | - Mareike Hüttenschmidt
- Institut für Chemie, Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Straße 3a, 18059, Rostock, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Oberem
- Department Life, Light & Matter, Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Straße 25, 18059, Rostock, Germany
| | - Jabor Rabeah
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse an der Universität Rostock e.V., Albert-Einstein-Strasse 29a, 18059, Rostock, Germany
| | - Alexander Villinger
- Institut für Chemie, Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Straße 3a, 18059, Rostock, Germany
| | - Ralf Ludwig
- Department Life, Light & Matter, Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Straße 25, 18059, Rostock, Germany
| | - Wolfram W Seidel
- Institut für Chemie, Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Straße 3a, 18059, Rostock, Germany
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30
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Garner MH, Solomon GC. Simultaneous Suppression of π- and σ-Transmission in π-Conjugated Molecules. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:7400-7406. [PMID: 32787288 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c01727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Molecular dielectric materials require ostensibly conflicting requirements of high polarizability and low conductivity. As previous efforts toward molecular insulators focused on saturated molecules, it remains an open question whether π- and σ-transport can be simultaneously suppressed in conjugated systems. Here, we demonstrate that there are conjugated molecules where the σ-transmission is suppressed by destructive σ-interference, while the π-transmission can be suppressed by a localized disruption of conjugation. Using density functional theory, we study the Landauer transmission and ballistic current density, which allow us to determine how the transmission is affected by various structural changes in the molecule. We find that in para-linked oligophenyl rings the σ-transmission can be suppressed by changing the remaining hydrogens to methyl groups due to the inherent gauche-like structure of the carbon backbone within a benzene ring, similar to what was previously seen in saturated systems. At the same time, the methyl groups fulfill a dual purpose as they modulate the twist angle between neighboring phenyl rings. When neighboring rings are orthogonal to each other, the transmission through both π- and σ-systems is effectively suppressed. Alternatively, breaking conjugation in a single phenyl ring by saturating two carbons atoms with two methyl substituents on each carbon, results in suppressed π- and σ-transport independent of dihedral angle. These two strategies demonstrate that methyl-substituted oligophenyls are promising candidates for the development of molecular dielectric materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc H Garner
- Nano-Science Center and Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Gemma C Solomon
- Nano-Science Center and Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
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31
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Baghernejad M, Yang Y, Al-Owaedi OA, Aeschi Y, Zeng BF, Abd Dawood ZM, Li X, Liu J, Shi J, Decurtins S, Liu SX, Hong W, Lambert CJ. Constructive Quantum Interference in Single-Molecule Benzodichalcogenophene Junctions. Chemistry 2020; 26:5264-5269. [PMID: 32022327 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201905878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Heteroatom substitution into the cores of alternant, aromatic hydrocarbons containing only even-membered rings is attracting increasing interest as a method of tuning their electrical conductance. Here, the effect of heteroatom substitution into molecular cores of non-alternant hydrocarbons, containing odd-membered rings, is examined. Benzodichalcogenophene (BDC) compounds are rigid, planar π-conjugated structures, with molecular cores containing five-membered rings fused to a six-membered aryl ring. To probe the sensitivity or resilience of constructive quantum interference (CQI) in these non-bipartite molecular cores, two C2 -symmetric molecules (I and II) and one asymmetric molecule (III) were investigated. I (II) contains S (O) heteroatoms in each of the five-membered rings, while III contains an S in one five-membered ring and an O in the other. Differences in their conductances arise primarily from the longer S-C and shorter O-C bond lengths compared with the C-C bond and the associated changes in their resonance integrals. Although the conductance of III is significantly lower than the conductances of the others, CQI was found to be resilient and persist in all molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoud Baghernejad
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, iChEM, Xiamen University, 361005, Xiamen, China.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Yang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, iChEM, Xiamen University, 361005, Xiamen, China
| | - Oday A Al-Owaedi
- Department of Laser Physics, Women Faculty of Science, The University of Babylon, Hilla, 51001, Iraq
| | - Yves Aeschi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Biao-Feng Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, iChEM, Xiamen University, 361005, Xiamen, China
| | - Zahra Murtada Abd Dawood
- Department of Laser Physics, Women Faculty of Science, The University of Babylon, Hilla, 51001, Iraq
| | - Xiaohui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, iChEM, Xiamen University, 361005, Xiamen, China
| | - Junyang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, iChEM, Xiamen University, 361005, Xiamen, China
| | - Jia Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, iChEM, Xiamen University, 361005, Xiamen, China
| | - Silvio Decurtins
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Shi-Xia Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Wenjing Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, iChEM, Xiamen University, 361005, Xiamen, China.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Colin J Lambert
- Department of Physics, University of Lancaster, Lancaster, LA1 4YB, UK), E-mail
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32
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Li X, Valdiviezo J, Banziger SD, Zhang P, Ren T, Beratan DN, Rubtsov IV. Symmetry controlled photo-selection and charge separation in butadiyne-bridged donor–bridge–acceptor compounds. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:9664-9676. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cp01235a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Electron transfer (ET) in donor–bridge–acceptor (DBA) compounds featuring alkyne bridges depends strongly on the torsion angle between the donor and acceptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Li
- Department of Chemistry
- Tulane University
- New Orleans
- USA
| | | | | | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Chemistry
- Duke University
- Durham
- USA
| | - Tong Ren
- Department of Chemistry
- Purdue University
- West Lafayette
- USA
| | - David N. Beratan
- Department of Chemistry
- Duke University
- Durham
- USA
- Department of Physics, Duke University
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