1
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Szlosek R, Niefanger AS, Balázs G, Seidl M, Timoshkin AY, Scheer M. Characterization of the Ligand Properties of Donor-stabilized Pnictogenyltrielanes. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202303603. [PMID: 38131435 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202303603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
A general synthesis and the characterization of novel alkyl-substituted NHC-stabilized pnictogenylboranes NHC ⋅ BH2 ER2 (NHC=N-heterocyclic carbene, E=P, As; R2 =Me2 , Ph2 , t BuH, Cy2 , (SiMe3 )2 ) are reported. These compounds were reacted with Ni(CO)4 to the corresponding complexes of the type [(NHC ⋅ BH2 ER2 )Ni(CO)3 ] to determine their donor strength by Tolman Electronic Parameters (TEPs) and their steric demand as ligands compared to classical phosphines, superbasic phosphines and other commonly applied donor systems. The results show that the NHC-stabilized pnictogenyltrielanes can be considered as being highly basic, while their steric influence depends strongly on the organic residues as well as the donor attached to the {BH2 } moiety. Although weaker than commonly used superbasic phosphines, the donor strength of pnictogenyltrielanes in general can be classified as of similar strength as NHCs. The steric and electronic properties can easily be modified by alkyl substitution as evident from the TEP trends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Szlosek
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Regensburg, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | | | - Gábor Balázs
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Regensburg, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Michael Seidl
- Institute of General and Theoretical Chemistry, Leopold-Franzens Universität Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Alexey Y Timoshkin
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya emb. 7/9, 199034, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Manfred Scheer
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Regensburg, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
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2
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Prendes DS, Papp F, Sankaran N, Sivendran N, Beyer F, Merten C, Gooßen LJ. Enantioselective Synthesis of Arylglycines via Pd-Catalyzed Coupling of Schöllkopf Bis-Lactim Ethers with Aryl Chlorides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202309868. [PMID: 37671802 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202309868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
Arylglycines are important pharmacophores present in several top-selling drugs. This compound class has now been made accessible from abundant aryl chlorides by a Pd-catalyzed Schöllkopf-type amino acid synthesis. In the presence of the catalyst methylnaphthyl(XPhos)-palladium bromide, the base lithium 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpyrrolidide and the additive ZnCl2 , tert-leucine-derived bis-lactim ethers were efficiently arylated at room temperature, reaching yields of 95 % and diastereoselectivities of 98 : 2. Hydrolysis gave the corresponding arylglycines in high enantiomeric excess.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Sowa Prendes
- Faculty for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Chair of Organic Chemistry I, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Florian Papp
- Faculty for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Chair of Organic Chemistry I, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Nagesh Sankaran
- Faculty for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Chair of Organic Chemistry I, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Nardana Sivendran
- Faculty for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Chair of Organic Chemistry I, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Frederike Beyer
- Faculty for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Organic Chemistry II, Ruhr-Universität Bochum Universitätsstr. 150, 44801 Bochum (Germany)
| | - Christian Merten
- Faculty for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Organic Chemistry II, Ruhr-Universität Bochum Universitätsstr. 150, 44801 Bochum (Germany)
| | - Lukas J Gooßen
- Faculty for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Chair of Organic Chemistry I, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany
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3
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van der Westhuizen D, Castro AC, Hazari N, Gevorgyan A. Bulky, electron-rich, renewable: analogues of Beller's phosphine for cross-couplings. Catal Sci Technol 2023; 13:6733-6742. [PMID: 38026730 PMCID: PMC10680433 DOI: 10.1039/d3cy01375h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, considerable progress has been made in the conversion of biomass into renewable chemicals, yet the range of value-added products that can be formed from biomass remains relatively small. Herein, we demonstrate that molecules available from biomass serve as viable starting materials for the synthesis of phosphine ligands, which can be used in homogeneous catalysis. Specifically, we prepared renewable analogues of Beller's ligand (di(1-adamantyl)-n-butylphosphine, cataCXium® A), which is widely used in homogeneous catalysis. Our new renewable phosphine ligands facilitate Pd-catalysed Suzuki-Miyaura, Stille, and Buchwald-Hartwig coupling reactions with high yields, and our catalytic results can be rationalized based on the stereoelectronic properties of the ligands. The new phosphine ligands generate catalytic systems that can be applied for the late-stage functionalization of commercial drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Abril C Castro
- Hylleraas Centre for Quantum Molecular Sciences, Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo 0315 Oslo Norway
| | - Nilay Hazari
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University New Haven Connecticut 06520 USA
| | - Ashot Gevorgyan
- Department of Chemistry, UiT The Arctic University of Norway 9037 Tromsø Norway
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4
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Goebel JF, Löffler J, Zeng Z, Handelmann J, Hermann A, Rodstein I, Gensch T, Gessner VH, Gooßen LJ. Computer-Driven Development of Ylide Functionalized Phosphines for Palladium-Catalyzed Hiyama Couplings. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202216160. [PMID: 36538000 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202216160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Palladium-catalyzed couplings of silicon enolates with aryl electrophiles are of great synthetic utility, but often limited to expensive bromide substrates. A comparative experimental study confirmed that none of the established ligand systems allows to couple inexpensive aryl chlorides with α-trimethylsilyl alkylnitriles. In contrast, ylide functionalized phosphines (YPhos) led to encouraging results. A statistical model was developed that correlates the reaction yields with ligand features. It was employed to predict catalyst structures with superior performance. With this cheminformatics approach, YPhos ligands were tailored specifically to the demands of Hiyama couplings. The newly synthesized ligands displayed record-setting activities, enabling the elusive coupling of aryl chlorides with α-trimethylsilyl alkyl nitriles. The preparative utility of the catalyst system was demonstrated by the synthesis of pharmaceutically meaningful α-aryl alkylnitriles, α-arylcarbonyls and biaryls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas F Goebel
- Chair of Organic Chemistry I, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Julian Löffler
- Chair of Inorganic Chemistry II, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Zhongyi Zeng
- Chair of Organic Chemistry I, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Jens Handelmann
- Chair of Inorganic Chemistry II, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Albert Hermann
- Chair of Organic Chemistry I, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Ilja Rodstein
- Chair of Inorganic Chemistry II, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Tobias Gensch
- Department of Chemistry, TU Berlin, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Viktoria H Gessner
- Chair of Inorganic Chemistry II, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Lukas J Gooßen
- Chair of Organic Chemistry I, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany
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5
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Rodstein I, Kelling L, Löffler J, Scherpf T, Sarbajna A, Andrada DM, Gessner VH. Formation of exceptional monomeric YPhos-PdCl 2 complexes with high activities in coupling reactions. Chem Sci 2022; 13:13552-13562. [PMID: 36507159 PMCID: PMC9683020 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc04523k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of well-defined palladium(ii) complexes as precatalysts for C-X cross-coupling reactions has improved the use of palladium catalysts in organic synthesis including large-scale processes. Whereas sophisticated Pd(ii) precursors have been developed in the past years to facilitate catalyst activation as well as the handling of systems with more advanced monophosphine ligands, we herein report that simple PdCl2 complexes function as efficient precatalysts for ylide-substituted phosphines (YPhos). These complexes are readily synthesized from PdCl2 sources and form unprecedented monomeric PdCl2 complexes without the need for any additional coligand. Instead, these structures are stabilized through a unique bonding motif, in which the YPhos ligands bind to the metal through the adjacent phosphine and ylidic carbon site. DFT calculations showed that these bonds are both dative interactions with the stronger interaction originating from the electron-rich phosphine donor. This bonding mode leads to a remarkable stability even towards air and moisture. Nonetheless, the complexes readily form monoligated LPd(0) complexes and thus the active palladium(0) species in coupling reactions. Accordingly, the YPhos-PdCl2 complexes serve as highly efficient precatalysts for a series of C-C and C-X coupling reactions. Despite their simplicity they can compete with the efficiency of more complex and less stable precatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilja Rodstein
- Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Chair of Inorganic Chemistry II, Ruhr University BochumUniversitätsstr. 15044801 BochumGermany
| | - Leif Kelling
- Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Chair of Inorganic Chemistry II, Ruhr University BochumUniversitätsstr. 15044801 BochumGermany
| | - Julian Löffler
- Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Chair of Inorganic Chemistry II, Ruhr University BochumUniversitätsstr. 15044801 BochumGermany
| | - Thorsten Scherpf
- Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Chair of Inorganic Chemistry II, Ruhr University BochumUniversitätsstr. 15044801 BochumGermany
| | - Abir Sarbajna
- Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Chair of Inorganic Chemistry II, Ruhr University BochumUniversitätsstr. 15044801 BochumGermany
| | - Diego M. Andrada
- General and Inorganic Chemistry Department, University of SaarlandCampus C4.166123 SaarbrueckenGermany
| | - Viktoria H. Gessner
- Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Chair of Inorganic Chemistry II, Ruhr University BochumUniversitätsstr. 15044801 BochumGermany
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6
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Husen S, Jha P, Singh A, Kumar R. Direct Use of Phosphonium Salts for Alkylation of p-Quinols: Formal α-Arylation of Carbonyls via a 5-Membered Betaine-Type Intermediate. Org Lett 2022; 24:6925-6929. [PMID: 36129805 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c02638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Unlike phosphonium ylides used extensively for C═C bond formation, herein we disclose the direct use of phosphonium salts for site-selective alkylation to p-quinols via a 5-membered betaine-type intermediate. This strategy provides a novel and general approach for the synthesis of α-(m-aminoaryl) esters, amides and ketones under ambient conditions. The reaction proceeds through in situ generation of P-ylide, alkylation and aromatization. Reaction is highly compatible with diverse functional phosphonium salts and amines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saddam Husen
- Division of Medicinal and Process Chemistry, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, UP, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Priyankar Jha
- Division of Medicinal and Process Chemistry, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, UP, India
| | - Akansha Singh
- Division of Medicinal and Process Chemistry, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, UP, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Ravindra Kumar
- Division of Medicinal and Process Chemistry, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, UP, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
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7
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Yu Z, Liu Q, Yang Y, You J. Ligand-Determined Single, Double, and Triple C–H Arylation of Aryl Phosphines at Will. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c03994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqian Yu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qianhui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yudong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jingsong You
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, People’s Republic of China
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8
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Tong X, Schneck F, Fu GC. Catalytic Enantioselective α-Alkylation of Amides by Unactivated Alkyl Electrophiles. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:14856-14863. [PMID: 35925763 PMCID: PMC10079215 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c06154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Carbonyl groups that bear an α stereocenter are commonly found in bioactive compounds, and intense effort has therefore been dedicated to the pursuit of stereoselective methods for constructing this motif. While the chiral auxiliary-enabled coupling of enolates with alkyl electrophiles represented groundbreaking progress in addressing this challenge, the next advance in the evolution of this enolate-alkylation approach would be to use a chiral catalyst to control stereochemistry. Herein we describe the achievement of this objective, demonstrating that a nickel catalyst can accomplish enantioselective intermolecular alkylations of racemic Reformatsky reagents with unactivated electrophiles; the resulting α-alkylated carbonyl compounds can be converted in one additional step into a diverse array of ubiquitous families of chiral molecules. Applying a broad spectrum of mechanistic tools, we have gained insight into key intermediates (including the alkylnickel(II) resting state) and elementary steps of the catalytic cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Tong
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Felix Schneck
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Gregory C Fu
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
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9
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Wei R, Ju S, Liu LL. Free Metallophosphines: Extremely Electron‐Rich Phosphorus Superbases That Are Electronically and Sterically Tunable**. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202205618. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202205618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Wei
- Department of Chemistry Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Shaoying Ju
- Department of Chemistry Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Liu Leo Liu
- Department of Chemistry Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen 518055 China
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10
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Peng M, Li H, Qin Z, Li J, Sun Y, Zhang X, Jiang L, Do H, An J. Pentafluorophenyl Group as Activating Group: Synthesis of α‐Deuterio Carboxylic Acid Derivatives via Et
3
N Catalyzed H/D Exchange. Adv Synth Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202200258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mengqi Peng
- Department of Nutrition and Health China Agricultural University Beijing 100193 People's Republic of China
- Department of Chemistry and Innovation Center of Pesticide Research China Agricultural University Beijing 100193 People's Republic of China
| | - Hengzhao Li
- Department of Nutrition and Health China Agricultural University Beijing 100193 People's Republic of China
- Department of Chemistry and Innovation Center of Pesticide Research China Agricultural University Beijing 100193 People's Republic of China
| | - Zixuan Qin
- Department of Chemistry and Innovation Center of Pesticide Research China Agricultural University Beijing 100193 People's Republic of China
| | - Junyu Li
- Department of Nutrition and Health China Agricultural University Beijing 100193 People's Republic of China
| | - Yanhao Sun
- Department of Nutrition and Health China Agricultural University Beijing 100193 People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxu Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Health China Agricultural University Beijing 100193 People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Jiang
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering University of Nottingham Ningbo China Ningbo 315100 People's Republic of China
| | - Hainam Do
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering University of Nottingham Ningbo China Ningbo 315100 People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory for Carbonaceous Waste Processing and Process Intesification Research of Zhejiang Province University of Nottingham Ningbo China Ningbo 315100 People's Republic of China
| | - Jie An
- Department of Nutrition and Health China Agricultural University Beijing 100193 People's Republic of China
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11
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Wei X, Xue B, Handelmann J, Hu Z, Darmandeh H, Gessner VH, Gooßen LJ. Ylide‐Functionalized Diisopropyl Phosphine (prYPhos): A Ligand for Selective Suzuki‐Miyaura Couplings of Aryl Chlorides. Adv Synth Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202200321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao‐Jing Wei
- Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry Ruhr Universität Bochum 44801 Bochum Germany
| | - Bingxiang Xue
- Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry Ruhr Universität Bochum 44801 Bochum Germany
| | - Jens Handelmann
- Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry Ruhr Universität Bochum 44801 Bochum Germany
| | - Zhiyong Hu
- Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry Ruhr Universität Bochum 44801 Bochum Germany
| | - Heidar Darmandeh
- Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry Ruhr Universität Bochum 44801 Bochum Germany
| | - Viktoria H. Gessner
- Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry Ruhr Universität Bochum 44801 Bochum Germany
| | - Lukas J. Gooßen
- Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry Ruhr Universität Bochum 44801 Bochum Germany
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12
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MacMillan JWM, McGuire RT, Stradiotto M. Organic Base Enabled Nickel‐Catalyzed Mono‐α‐Arylation of Feedstock Solvents. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202200764. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202200764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua W. M. MacMillan
- Department of Chemistry Dalhousie University 6274 Coburg Road, P.O. Box 15000 Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2 Canada
| | - Ryan T. McGuire
- Department of Chemistry Dalhousie University 6274 Coburg Road, P.O. Box 15000 Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2 Canada
| | - Mark Stradiotto
- Department of Chemistry Dalhousie University 6274 Coburg Road, P.O. Box 15000 Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2 Canada
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13
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Wei R, Ju S, Liu LL. Free Metallophosphines: Extremely Electron‐Rich Phosphorus Superbases That Are Electronically and Sterically Tunable**. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202205618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Wei
- Department of Chemistry Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Shaoying Ju
- Department of Chemistry Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Liu Leo Liu
- Department of Chemistry Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen 518055 China
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14
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Ng SS, Chen Z, Yuen OY, So CM. Palladium‐Catalyzed Chemoselective Borylation of (Poly)halogenated Aryl Triflates and Their Application in Consecutive Reactions. Adv Synth Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202101501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shan Shan Ng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery and Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon Hong Kong People's Republic of China
| | - Zicong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery and Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon Hong Kong People's Republic of China
| | - On Ying Yuen
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery and Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon Hong Kong People's Republic of China
| | - Chau Ming So
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery and Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon Hong Kong People's Republic of China
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute Shenzhen 518000 People's Republic of China
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15
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Ylide-Substituted Phosphines: A Platform of Strong Donor Ligands for Gold Catalysis and Palladium-Catalyzed Coupling Reactions. Acc Chem Res 2022; 55:770-782. [PMID: 35170935 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.1c00797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The development of homogeneous catalysts is strongly connected to the design of new, sophisticated ligands, which resolve limitations of a given reaction protocol by manipulating the electronic properties of the metal and its spatial environment. Phosphines are a privileged class of ligands that find applications in many catalytic transformations, ranging from hydrogenation reactions to hydroformylation and coupling chemistry. For many years, chemists have been trying to improve the efficiency, selectivity, and application of coupling reactions. The use of highly electron-rich and bulky phosphines was often associated with increased selectivity and efficiency and led to the development of a vast variety of electron-rich alkyl-substituted phosphines. However, this concept of increasing the ligand donor strength reaches its limits with the use of trialkyl-substituted phosphines with tri-tert-butylphosphine thus being one of the most active ligands for many years. In the course of our research efforts to use the special donor strength of ylides to stabilize electron-deficient, low-valent main group compounds, we realized that ylide-substituted phosphine (YPhos) ligands possess remarkably strong donor abilities. Moreover, the YPhos ligands are highly tunable by changing the nature of the groups on the phosphonium, phosphine, or central ylidic carbon atom. We thus obtained a ligand platform with donor capabilities ranging from PCy3 to even stronger donor abilities than N-heterocyclic carbenes, while being more sterically demanding than simple phosphines as well as many well-known biarylphosphine ligands.These properties led us to explore the applicability of the YPhos ligands in catalysis. In a series of recent reports, our group applied YPhos ligands in gold and palladium catalyzed reactions at catalytic loadings applicable for medium- to large-scale applications. The increased donor strength and unique architecture allowed for remarkable activities in a series of transformations at mild reactions conditions. For gold(I)-catalyzed reactions, we obtained turnover numbers (TONs) for the hydroamination of phenylacetylene with aniline of over 20 000. Also, more complex reactions were easily catalyzed with efficiencies greater than those of other known gold(I) catalysts. Similar efficacies were found in a series of palladium-catalyzed coupling reactions. In Buchwald-Hartwig aminations, unprecedented activities for the amination of aryl chlorides were reached at room temperature. The speed of formation of the catalytically active mono-YPhos palladium species allowed for some of the amination reactions to be completed in only a few minutes. Adjustment of the ligand design enabled the use of a large variety of different aryl and alkyl amines of different steric demands. Furthermore, the YPhos ligands in general showed high activities and selectivity in the coupling of a variety of carbon nucleophiles with aryl chlorides, bromides, and triflates. This enabled the development of efficient reaction protocols for the α-arylation of unhindered ketones and the coupling of Grignard and zinc reagents as well as the first efficient coupling of chloroarenes with alkyllithium compounds. This Account summarizes the recent development of YPhos ligands and their application in gold and palladium catalysis. We also hope to stimulate further use of this ligand platform in catalysis in the future.
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16
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Luo F, Zhou H, Chen XB, Liu XJ, Chen XD, Qian PF, Wu XP, Wang W, Zhang SL. Synthesis of α-Aryl Primary Amides from α-Silyl Nitriles and Aryl Sulfoxides through [3,3]-Sigmatropic Rearrangement. Org Lett 2022; 24:1700-1705. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c00334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fan Luo
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, and State Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Reactor, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Hui Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory for Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Centre for Computational Chemistry and Research Institute of Industrial Catalysis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Bei Chen
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, and State Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Reactor, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Xue-Jun Liu
- Shanghai Neutan Pharmaceutical Company, Ltd., Building 26, No. 555 Huanqiao Road, Pudong New Area, Shanghai 200131, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Dong Chen
- Shanghai Neutan Pharmaceutical Company, Ltd., Building 26, No. 555 Huanqiao Road, Pudong New Area, Shanghai 200131, P. R. China
| | - Peng-Fei Qian
- School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Xin-Ping Wu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory for Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Centre for Computational Chemistry and Research Institute of Industrial Catalysis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology and BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, 1703 East Mabel Street, P.O. Box 210207, Tucson, Arizona 85721-0207, United States
| | - Shi-Lei Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, 199 Ren’ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China
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17
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El Kadiri M, Chihab A, Taakili R, Duhayon C, Valyaev DA, Canac Y. Diverse C-Coordination Modes of NHC-Tricyclohexylphosphonium Ylide Ligands in Palladium(II) Complexes. Organometallics 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.1c00700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mustapha El Kadiri
- LCC-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, 205 route de Narbonne, 31077 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | - Abdelali Chihab
- LCC-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, 205 route de Narbonne, 31077 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | - Rachid Taakili
- LCC-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, 205 route de Narbonne, 31077 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | - Carine Duhayon
- LCC-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, 205 route de Narbonne, 31077 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | - Dmitry A. Valyaev
- LCC-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, 205 route de Narbonne, 31077 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | - Yves Canac
- LCC-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, 205 route de Narbonne, 31077 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
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18
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Samiee S, Gable RW. A new and unexpected coordination mode of a bis-phosphine monoxide (BPMO) ligand in a palladacycle complex. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.131763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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19
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Neigenfind P, Knyszek D, Handelmann J, Gessner VH. Synthesis of Sterically Encumbered Di- and Triarylamines by Palladium-Catalysed C-N Coupling Reactions at Mild Reaction Conditions. Catal Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1cy02352g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of bulky, ortho-substituted triarylamines often represents a synthetic challenge, but is highly desirable due to the use of these compounds in organic electronics. Here, we report on a...
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20
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Sivendran N, Pirkl N, Hu Z, Doppiu A, Gooßen LJ. Halogen-Bridged Methylnaphthyl Palladium Dimers as Versatile Catalyst Precursors in Coupling Reactions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:25151-25160. [PMID: 34520603 PMCID: PMC9293455 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202110450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Halogen‐bridged methylnaphthyl (MeNAP) palladium dimers are presented as multipurpose Pd‐precursors, ideally suited for catalytic method development and preparative organic synthesis. By simply mixing with phosphine or carbene ligands, they are in situ converted into well‐defined monoligated complexes. Their catalytic performance was benchmarked against state‐of‐the‐art systems in challenging Buchwald–Hartwig, Heck, Suzuki and Negishi couplings, and ketone arylations. Their use enabled record‐setting activities, beyond those achievable by optimization of the ligand alone. The MeNAP catalysts permit syntheses of tetra‐ortho‐substituted arenes and bulky anilines in near‐quantitative yields at room temperature, allow mono‐arylations of small ketones, and enable so far elusive cross‐couplings of secondary alkyl boronic acids with aryl chlorides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nardana Sivendran
- Evonik Chair of Organic Chemistry, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstrasse 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Nico Pirkl
- Evonik Chair of Organic Chemistry, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstrasse 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Zhiyong Hu
- Evonik Chair of Organic Chemistry, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstrasse 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Angelino Doppiu
- Umicore Precious Metals Chemistry, Rodenbacher Chaussee 4, 63457, Hanau, Germany
| | - Lukas J Gooßen
- Evonik Chair of Organic Chemistry, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstrasse 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany
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21
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Sivendran N, Pirkl N, Hu Z, Doppiu A, Gooßen LJ. Halogen‐verbrückte Methylnaphthylpalladium‐Dimere als vielseitig einsetzbare Katalysatorvorstufen in Kreuzkupplungen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202110450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nardana Sivendran
- Evonik Chair of Organic Chemistry Ruhr-Universität Bochum Universitätsstraße 150 44801 Bochum Deutschland
| | - Nico Pirkl
- Evonik Chair of Organic Chemistry Ruhr-Universität Bochum Universitätsstraße 150 44801 Bochum Deutschland
| | - Zhiyong Hu
- Evonik Chair of Organic Chemistry Ruhr-Universität Bochum Universitätsstraße 150 44801 Bochum Deutschland
| | - Angelino Doppiu
- Umicore Precious Metals Chemistry Rodenbacher Chaussee 4 63457 Hanau Deutschland
| | - Lukas J. Gooßen
- Evonik Chair of Organic Chemistry Ruhr-Universität Bochum Universitätsstraße 150 44801 Bochum Deutschland
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22
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Jörges M, Kroll A, Kelling L, Gauld R, Mallick B, Huber SM, Gessner VH. Synthesis, Crystal and Electronic Structures of a Thiophosphinoyl- and Amino-Substituted Metallated Ylide. ChemistryOpen 2021; 10:1089-1094. [PMID: 34569718 PMCID: PMC8562316 DOI: 10.1002/open.202100187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
α-Metallated ylides have revealed themselves to be versatile reagents for the introduction of ylide groups. Herein, we report the synthesis of the thiophosphinoyl and piperidyl (Pip) substituted α-metallated ylide [Ph2 (Pip)P=C-P(S)Ph2 ]M (M=Li, Na, K) through a four-step synthetic procedure starting from diphenylmethylphosphine sulfide. Metallation of the ylide intermediate was successfully accomplished with different alkali metal bases delivering the lithium, sodium and potassium salts, the latter isolable in high yields. Structure analyses of the lithium and potassium compounds in the solid state with and without crown ether revealed different aggregates (monomer, dimer and hexamer) with the metals coordinated by the thiophosphoryl moiety and ylidic carbon atom. Although the piperidyl group does not coordinate to the metal, it significantly contributes to the stability of the yldiide by charge delocalization through negative hyperconjugation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mike Jörges
- Faculty of Chemistry and BiochemistryRuhr-University BochumUniversitätsstraße 15044801BochumGermany
| | - Alexander Kroll
- Faculty of Chemistry and BiochemistryRuhr-University BochumUniversitätsstraße 15044801BochumGermany
| | - Leif Kelling
- Faculty of Chemistry and BiochemistryRuhr-University BochumUniversitätsstraße 15044801BochumGermany
| | - Richard Gauld
- Faculty of Chemistry and BiochemistryRuhr-University BochumUniversitätsstraße 15044801BochumGermany
| | - Bert Mallick
- Faculty of Chemistry and BiochemistryRuhr-University BochumUniversitätsstraße 15044801BochumGermany
| | - Stefan M. Huber
- Faculty of Chemistry and BiochemistryRuhr-University BochumUniversitätsstraße 15044801BochumGermany
| | - Viktoria H. Gessner
- Faculty of Chemistry and BiochemistryRuhr-University BochumUniversitätsstraße 15044801BochumGermany
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23
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Darmandeh H, Löffler J, Tzouras NV, Dereli B, Scherpf T, Feichtner K, Vanden Broeck S, Van Hecke K, Saab M, Cazin CSJ, Cavallo L, Nolan SP, Gessner VH. Au⋅⋅⋅H-C Hydrogen Bonds as Design Principle in Gold(I) Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:21014-21024. [PMID: 34313367 PMCID: PMC8518757 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202108581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Secondary ligand-metal interactions are decisive in many catalytic transformations. While arene-gold interactions have repeatedly been reported as critical structural feature in many high-performance gold catalysts, we herein report that these interactions can also be replaced by Au⋅⋅⋅H-C hydrogen bonds without suffering any reduction in catalytic performance. Systematic experimental and computational studies on a series of ylide-substituted phosphines featuring either a PPh3 (Ph YPhos) or PCy3 (Cy YPhos) moiety showed that the arene-gold interaction in the aryl-substituted compounds is efficiently compensated by the formation of Au⋅⋅⋅H-C hydrogen bonds. The strongest interaction is found with the C-H moiety next to the onium center, which due to the polarization results in remarkably strong interactions with the shortest Au⋅⋅⋅H-C hydrogen bonds reported to date. Calorimetric studies on the formation of the gold complexes further confirmed that the Ph YPhos and Cy YPhos ligands form similarly stable complexes. Consequently, both ligands showed the same catalytic performance in the hydroamination, hydrophenoxylation and hydrocarboxylation of alkynes, thus demonstrating that Au⋅⋅⋅H-C hydrogen bonds are equally suited for the generation of highly effective gold catalysts than gold-arene interactions. The generality of this observation was confirmed by a comparative study between a biaryl phosphine ligand and its cyclohexyl-substituted derivative, which again showed identical catalytic performance. These observations clearly support Au⋅⋅⋅H-C hydrogen bonds as fundamental secondary interactions in gold catalysts, thus further increasing the number of design elements that can be used for future catalyst construction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidar Darmandeh
- Chair of Inorganic Chemistry IIFaculty of Chemistry and BiochemistryRuhr-University BochumUniversitätsstraße 15044801BochumGermany
| | - Julian Löffler
- Chair of Inorganic Chemistry IIFaculty of Chemistry and BiochemistryRuhr-University BochumUniversitätsstraße 15044801BochumGermany
| | - Nikolaos V. Tzouras
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Sustainable ChemistryGhent UniversityKrijgslaan 281, S-39000GhentBelgium
| | - Busra Dereli
- Physical Sciences & Engineering Division (PSE)KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC)King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST)Thuwal23955-6900Saudi Arabia
| | - Thorsten Scherpf
- Chair of Inorganic Chemistry IIFaculty of Chemistry and BiochemistryRuhr-University BochumUniversitätsstraße 15044801BochumGermany
| | - Kai‐Stephan Feichtner
- Chair of Inorganic Chemistry IIFaculty of Chemistry and BiochemistryRuhr-University BochumUniversitätsstraße 15044801BochumGermany
| | - Sofie Vanden Broeck
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Sustainable ChemistryGhent UniversityKrijgslaan 281, S-39000GhentBelgium
| | - Kristof Van Hecke
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Sustainable ChemistryGhent UniversityKrijgslaan 281, S-39000GhentBelgium
| | - Marina Saab
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Sustainable ChemistryGhent UniversityKrijgslaan 281, S-39000GhentBelgium
| | - Catherine S. J. Cazin
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Sustainable ChemistryGhent UniversityKrijgslaan 281, S-39000GhentBelgium
| | - Luigi Cavallo
- Physical Sciences & Engineering Division (PSE)KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC)King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST)Thuwal23955-6900Saudi Arabia
| | - Steven P. Nolan
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Sustainable ChemistryGhent UniversityKrijgslaan 281, S-39000GhentBelgium
| | - Viktoria H. Gessner
- Chair of Inorganic Chemistry IIFaculty of Chemistry and BiochemistryRuhr-University BochumUniversitätsstraße 15044801BochumGermany
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24
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Löffler J, Gauld RM, Feichtner KS, Rodstein I, Zur JA, Handelmann J, Schwarz C, Gessner VH. Ylide-Substituted Phosphines with a Cyclic Ylide-Backbone: Angle Dependence of the Donor Strength. Organometallics 2021; 40:2888-2900. [PMID: 34475611 PMCID: PMC8385760 DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.1c00349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Ylide-substituted phosphines (YPhos) have been shown to be highly electron-rich and efficient ligands in a variety of palladium catalyzed transformations. Here, the synthesis and characterization of novel YPhos ligands containing a cyclic backbone architecture are reported. The ligands are easily synthesized from a cyclic phosphonium salt and the chlorophosphines Cy2PCl (L1) and Cy(FluMe)PCl (L2, with FluMe = 9-methylfluorenyl) and were characterized in both solution and solid states. The smaller PCy2-substituted ligand, L1, readily formed the biscoordinate L1 2 Pd species when treated with Pd2(dba)3 and showed no activity in palladium-catalyzed amination reactions even when applied as defined palladium(II) η3-allyl, t-Bu-indenyl, or cinnamyl precursors. Bulkier fluorenyl-substituted ligand L2 similarly was inactive, despite its ability to form the stable monophosphine complex L2·Pd(dba). Assessment of the electronic properties by experimental and computational methods revealed that L1 and L2 are considerably less electron-rich than previously synthesized YPhos ligands. This was shown to be the result of the small P-C-S bond angle, which is sterically enforced due to the cyclic nature of the backbone. Density functional theory calculations revealed that the small angle results in an increased s-character of the lone pair at the ylidic carbon atom and leads to a polarization of the C-P bond toward the carbon atom, thus decreasing the electron density at the phosphorus atom. The results demonstrate the tunability of the donor strength of YPhos ligands by modification of the ligand backbone beyond simple changes of the substitution pattern and are thus important for future ligand design, with a careful balance of many factors to be considered to achieve catalytic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Löffler
- Chair
of Inorganic Chemistry II, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Richard M. Gauld
- Chair
of Inorganic Chemistry II, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Kai-Stephan Feichtner
- Chair
of Inorganic Chemistry II, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Ilja Rodstein
- Chair
of Inorganic Chemistry II, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Jana-Alina Zur
- Chair
of Inorganic Chemistry II, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Jens Handelmann
- Chair
of Inorganic Chemistry II, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Christopher Schwarz
- Chair
of Inorganic Chemistry II, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Viktoria H. Gessner
- Chair
of Inorganic Chemistry II, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany
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25
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Darmandeh H, Löffler J, Tzouras NV, Dereli B, Scherpf T, Feichtner K, Vanden Broeck S, Van Hecke K, Saab M, Cazin CSJ, Cavallo L, Nolan SP, Gessner VH. Au⋅⋅⋅H−C Hydrogen Bonds as Design Principle in Gold(I) Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202108581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Heidar Darmandeh
- Chair of Inorganic Chemistry II Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry Ruhr-University Bochum Universitätsstraße 150 44801 Bochum Germany
| | - Julian Löffler
- Chair of Inorganic Chemistry II Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry Ruhr-University Bochum Universitätsstraße 150 44801 Bochum Germany
| | - Nikolaos V. Tzouras
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Sustainable Chemistry Ghent University Krijgslaan 281, S-3 9000 Ghent Belgium
| | - Busra Dereli
- Physical Sciences & Engineering Division (PSE) KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC) King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Thuwal 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia
| | - Thorsten Scherpf
- Chair of Inorganic Chemistry II Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry Ruhr-University Bochum Universitätsstraße 150 44801 Bochum Germany
| | - Kai‐Stephan Feichtner
- Chair of Inorganic Chemistry II Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry Ruhr-University Bochum Universitätsstraße 150 44801 Bochum Germany
| | - Sofie Vanden Broeck
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Sustainable Chemistry Ghent University Krijgslaan 281, S-3 9000 Ghent Belgium
| | - Kristof Van Hecke
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Sustainable Chemistry Ghent University Krijgslaan 281, S-3 9000 Ghent Belgium
| | - Marina Saab
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Sustainable Chemistry Ghent University Krijgslaan 281, S-3 9000 Ghent Belgium
| | - Catherine S. J. Cazin
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Sustainable Chemistry Ghent University Krijgslaan 281, S-3 9000 Ghent Belgium
| | - Luigi Cavallo
- Physical Sciences & Engineering Division (PSE) KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC) King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Thuwal 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia
| | - Steven P. Nolan
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Sustainable Chemistry Ghent University Krijgslaan 281, S-3 9000 Ghent Belgium
| | - Viktoria H. Gessner
- Chair of Inorganic Chemistry II Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry Ruhr-University Bochum Universitätsstraße 150 44801 Bochum Germany
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26
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Dones JM, Abularrage NS, Khanal N, Gold B, Raines RT. Acceleration of 1,3-Dipolar Cycloadditions by Integration of Strain and Electronic Tuning. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:9489-9497. [PMID: 34151576 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c03133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition between azides and alkynes provides new means to probe and control biological processes. A major challenge is to achieve high reaction rates with stable reagents. The optimization of alkynyl reagents has relied on two strategies: increasing strain and tuning electronics. We report on the integration of these strategies. A computational analysis suggested that a CH → N aryl substitution in dibenzocyclooctyne (DIBO) could be beneficial. In transition states, the nitrogen of 2-azabenzo-benzocyclooctyne (ABC) engages in an n→π* interaction with the C=O of α-azidoacetamides and forms a hydrogen bond with the N-H of α-diazoacetamides. These dipole-specific interactions act cooperatively with electronic activation of the strained π-bond to increase reactivity. We found that ABC does indeed react more quickly with α-azidoacetamides and α-diazoacetamides than its constitutional isomer, dibenzoazacyclooctyne (DIBAC). ABC and DIBAC have comparable chemical stability in a biomimetic solution. Both ABC and DIBO are accessible in three steps by the alkylidene carbene-mediated ring expansion of commercial cycloheptanones. Our findings enhance the accessibility and utility of 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions and encourage further innovation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús M Dones
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Nile S Abularrage
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Namrata Khanal
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, United States
| | - Brian Gold
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States.,Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, United States
| | - Ronald T Raines
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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27
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Dilauro G, Azzollini CS, Vitale P, Salomone A, Perna FM, Capriati V. Scalable Negishi Coupling between Organozinc Compounds and (Hetero)Aryl Bromides under Aerobic Conditions when using Bulk Water or Deep Eutectic Solvents with no Additional Ligands. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:10632-10636. [PMID: 33605516 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202101571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Pd-catalyzed Negishi cross-coupling reactions between organozinc compounds and (hetero)aryl bromides have been reported when using bulk water as the reaction medium in the presence of NaCl or the biodegradable choline chloride/urea eutectic mixture. Both C(sp3 )-C(sp2 ) and C(sp2 )-C(sp2 ) couplings have been found to proceed smoothly, with high chemoselectivity, under mild conditions (room temperature or 60 °C) in air, and in competition with protonolysis. Additional benefits include very short reaction times (20 s), good to excellent yields (up to 98 %), wide substrate scope, and the tolerance of a variety of functional groups. The proposed novel protocol is scalable, and the practicability of the method is further highlighted by an easy recycling of both the catalyst and the eutectic mixture or water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Dilauro
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università di Bari "Aldo Moro", Consorzio C.I.N.M.P.I.S., Via E. Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Claudia S Azzollini
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università di Bari "Aldo Moro", Consorzio C.I.N.M.P.I.S., Via E. Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Paola Vitale
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università di Bari "Aldo Moro", Consorzio C.I.N.M.P.I.S., Via E. Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Antonio Salomone
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Bari "Aldo Moro", Consorzio C.I.N.M.P.I.S., Via E. Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Filippo M Perna
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università di Bari "Aldo Moro", Consorzio C.I.N.M.P.I.S., Via E. Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Vito Capriati
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università di Bari "Aldo Moro", Consorzio C.I.N.M.P.I.S., Via E. Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy
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28
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Dilauro G, Azzollini CS, Vitale P, Salomone A, Perna FM, Capriati V. Scalable Negishi Coupling between Organozinc Compounds and (Hetero)Aryl Bromides under Aerobic Conditions when using Bulk Water or Deep Eutectic Solvents with no Additional Ligands. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202101571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Dilauro
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco Università di Bari “Aldo Moro” Consorzio C.I.N.M.P.I.S. Via E. Orabona 4 70125 Bari Italy
| | - Claudia S. Azzollini
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco Università di Bari “Aldo Moro” Consorzio C.I.N.M.P.I.S. Via E. Orabona 4 70125 Bari Italy
| | - Paola Vitale
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco Università di Bari “Aldo Moro” Consorzio C.I.N.M.P.I.S. Via E. Orabona 4 70125 Bari Italy
| | - Antonio Salomone
- Dipartimento di Chimica Università di Bari “Aldo Moro” Consorzio C.I.N.M.P.I.S. Via E. Orabona 4 70125 Bari Italy
| | - Filippo M. Perna
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco Università di Bari “Aldo Moro” Consorzio C.I.N.M.P.I.S. Via E. Orabona 4 70125 Bari Italy
| | - Vito Capriati
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco Università di Bari “Aldo Moro” Consorzio C.I.N.M.P.I.S. Via E. Orabona 4 70125 Bari Italy
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Hu Z, Wei XJ, Handelmann J, Seitz AK, Rodstein I, Gessner VH, Gooßen LJ. Coupling of Reformatsky Reagents with Aryl Chlorides Enabled by Ylide-Functionalized Phosphine Ligands. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:6778-6783. [PMID: 33427381 PMCID: PMC7986804 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202016048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The coupling of aryl chlorides with Reformatsky reagents is a desirable strategy for the construction of α‐aryl esters but has so far been substantially limited in the substrate scope due to many challenges posed by various possible side reactions. This limitation has now been overcome by the tailoring of ylide‐functionalized phosphines to fit the requirements of Negishi couplings. Record‐setting activities were achieved in palladium‐catalyzed arylations of organozinc reagents with aryl electrophiles using a cyclohexyl‐YPhos ligand bearing an ortho‐tolyl‐substituent in the backbone. This highly electron‐rich, bulky ligand enables the use of aryl chlorides in room temperature couplings of Reformatsky reagents. The reaction scope covers diversely functionalized arylacetic and arylpropionic acid derivatives. Aryl bromides and chlorides can be converted selectively over triflate electrophiles, which permits consecutive coupling strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyong Hu
- Evonik Chair of Organic Chemistry, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstrasse 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Xiao-Jing Wei
- Evonik Chair of Organic Chemistry, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstrasse 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Jens Handelmann
- Chair of Inorganic Chemistry II, Fakultät für Chemie und Biochemie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstrasse 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Ann-Katrin Seitz
- Evonik Chair of Organic Chemistry, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstrasse 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Ilja Rodstein
- Chair of Inorganic Chemistry II, Fakultät für Chemie und Biochemie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstrasse 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Viktoria H Gessner
- Chair of Inorganic Chemistry II, Fakultät für Chemie und Biochemie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstrasse 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Lukas J Gooßen
- Evonik Chair of Organic Chemistry, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstrasse 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany
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