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Xu X, Qiu F, Yang M, Liu X, Tao S, Zheng B. Unveiling Atherosclerotic Plaque Heterogeneity and SPP1 +/VCAN + Macrophage Subtype Prognostic Significance Through Integrative Single-Cell and Bulk-Seq Analysis. J Inflamm Res 2024; 17:2399-2426. [PMID: 38681071 PMCID: PMC11055562 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s454505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Dysregulated macrophages are important causes of Atherosclerosis (AS) formation and increased plaque instability, but the heterogeneity of these plaques and the role of macrophage subtypes in plaque instability have yet to be clarified. Methods This study integrates single-cell and bulk-seq data to analyze atherosclerotic plaques. Unsupervised clustering was used to reveal distinct plaque subtypes, while survival analysis and gene set variation analysis (GSVA) methods helped in understanding their clinical outcomes. Enrichment of differential expression of macrophage genes (DEMGs) score and pseudo-trajectory analysis were utilized to explore the biological functions and differentiation stages of macrophage subtypes in AS progression. Additionally, CellChat and the BayesPrism deconvolution method were used to elucidate macrophage subtype interaction and their prognostic significance at single-cell resolution. Finally, the expression of biomarkers was validated in mouse experiments. Results Three distinct AS plaque subtypes were identified, with cluster 3 plaque subtype being particularly associated with higher immune infiltration and poorer prognosis. The DEMGs score exhibited a significant elevation in three macrophage subtypes (SPP1+/VCAN+ macrophages, IL1B+ macrophages, and FLT3LG+ macrophages), associated with cluster 3 plaque subtype and highlighted the prognostic significance of these subtypes. Activation trajectory of the macrophage subtypes is divided into three states (Pre-branch, Cell fate 1, and Cell fate 2), and Cell fate 2 (SPP1+/VCAN+ macrophages, IL1B+ macrophages, and FLT3LG+ macrophages dominant) exhibiting the highest DEMGs score, distinct interactions with other cell components, and relating to poorer prognosis of ischemic events. This study also uncovered a unique SPP1+/VCAN+ macrophage subtype, rare in quantity but significant in influencing AS progression. Machine learning algorithms identified 10 biomarkers crucial for AS diagnosis. The validation of these biomarkers was performed using Mendelian Randomization analysis and in vitro methods, supporting their relevance in AS pathology. Conclusion Our study provides a comprehensive view of AS plaque heterogeneity and the prognostic significance of macrophage subtypes in plaque instability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Xu
- School of Medicine, Yunnan University, Kunming City, Yunnan Province, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming City, Yunnan Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fuling Qiu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming City, Yunnan Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Man Yang
- School of Medicine, Dali University, Dali City, Yunnan Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyong Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming City, Yunnan Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Siming Tao
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University, Kunming City, Yunnan Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bingrong Zheng
- School of Medicine, Yunnan University, Kunming City, Yunnan Province, People’s Republic of China
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2
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Sun W, Ma J, Chen M, Zhang W, Xu C, Nan Y, Wu W, Mao X, Cheng X, Cai H, Zhang J, Xu H, Wang Y. 4-Iodo-6-phenylpyrimidine (4-IPP) suppresses fibroblast-like synoviocyte- mediated inflammation and joint destruction associated with rheumatoid arthritis. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 115:109714. [PMID: 36657337 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.109714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic immune-mediated inflammatory disease that significantly impacts patients' quality of life. Fibroblast-like synovial cells (FLSs) within the synovial intima exhibit "tumor-like" properties such as increased proliferation, migration, and invasion. Activation of FLSs and secretion of pro-inflammation factors result in pannus formation and cartilage destruction. As an inhibitor of the cytokine, macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), 4-Iodo-6-phenylpyrimidine (4-IPP) has been shown to reduce cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and the secretion of pro-inflammatory mediators in a variety of diseases. However, the usefulness of 4-IPP for RA treatment has not been assessed and was the purpose of this study. In vitro, 4-IPP was demonstrated to inhibit proliferation, migration, and invasion of RA FLSs, as well as the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines. 4-IPP was also shown to inhibit MIF-induced phosphorylation of ERK, JNK, and p38, as well as reduce expression of COX2 and PGE2. In order to efficiently deliver 4-IPP to anatomical RA sites, we developed lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) nanospheres, which not only protected 4-IPP from degradation but also controlled the release of 4-IPP. 4-IPP/PLGA nanospheres had potent anti-inflammatory activity and a high degree of biosafety. Results showed that local 4-IPP concentration was increased by nanosphere delivery, effectively reducing the inflammatory microenvironment as well as synovial inflammation, joint swelling, and cartilage destruction in a collagen-induced rheumatoid arthritis (CIA) rat model. Therefore, 4-IPP nanospheres are a sustained-release delivery system that may be an effective therapeutic strategy for RA treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Sun
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Jinquan Ma
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Minhao Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Weidong Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Chunxiang Xu
- Department of Nursing, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Yunyi Nan
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Weijie Wu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Xingxing Mao
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China
| | - Xi Cheng
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Hao Cai
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Hua Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China.
| | - Youhua Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China.
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3
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Wu B, Nakamura A. Deep Insight into the Role of MIF in Spondyloarthritis. Curr Rheumatol Rep 2022; 24:269-278. [PMID: 35809213 DOI: 10.1007/s11926-022-01081-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Pathological roles of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) have recently been demonstrated in spondyloarthritis (SpA) preclinical models, identifying MIF as a new treatment target for SpA. However, the specific contribution of MIF and therapeutic potential of MIF-targeted therapies to various tissue types affected by SpA are not well delineated. RECENT FINDINGS MIF and its cognate receptor CD74 are extensively involved in the pathogenesis of SpA including inflammation in the spine, joint, eyes, skin, and gut. The majority of the current evidence has consistently shown that MIF drives the inflammation in these distinct anatomical sites. In preclinical models, genetic deletion or blockade of MIF reduces the severity of inflammation. Although MIF is generally an upstream cytokine which regulates downstream effector cytokines, MIF also intensifies type 3 immunity by promoting helper T 17 (Th17) plasticity. MIF- or CD74-targeted therapies have also reported to be well tolerated in clinical trials for other diseases. Recent findings suggest that MIF-CD74 axis is a new therapeutic target for SpA to improve various clinical features. Clinical trials for MIF- or CD74-targeted therapies for SpA patients are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Wu
- Schroeder Arthritis Institute, University Health Network, 60 Leonard Avenue, Toronto, ON, M5T 0S8, Canada.,Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Akihiro Nakamura
- Schroeder Arthritis Institute, University Health Network, 60 Leonard Avenue, Toronto, ON, M5T 0S8, Canada. .,Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada. .,Division of Rheumatology, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada. .,Institute of Medical Science, Temerty Faculty of Medicine of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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4
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Hassan MH, Abuhamdah S, Elsadek BEM, Abdelwahab A, Abd-Elhamid TH, Fayed HM, Abbass A, Abdallah AAM, Mohamed M, Abd-Elmagid WM. Expression Patterns of Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor and Its Gene Variants (MIF-173 G˃C) in Verruca Vulgaris. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol 2022; 15:1073-1085. [PMID: 35712358 PMCID: PMC9196281 DOI: 10.2147/ccid.s363916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Verruca vulgaris is a benign hyperkeratotic proliferation of the epidermis. Few studies look at the differences in serum and tissue macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) levels in verruca vulgaris, as well as its gene polymorphisms that have yet to be explored. The current study provided in-depth evaluation of MIF in serum and tissues of patients with verruca vulgaris, and establishes for the first time the possible association of MIF gene polymorphisms with common warts. Methods This case-control study included 50 patients who were diagnosed clinically as common warts in comparison with 50 age and sex-matched controls. Clinical examination was done on all included cases. Serum MIF was measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), while its tissue expression was analyzed using Western blotting and immunohistochemical techniques for the included participants. Analysis of MIF-173 G˃C single nucleotide polymorphism was performed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) technique. Results The overall results revealed significantly lower MIF tissue expression in lesional and perilesional skin biopsies from cases compared to the controls using Western blot and immunohistochemical analysis. Yet, the difference in the serum MIF levels between cases and controls was not significant (p ˃ 0.05). GC genotype of the studied MIF rs755622 G>C SNP could be considered as a protective genetic factor against the occurrence of verruca vulgaris among Egyptians with OR (95% CI) equal 0.444 (0.199-0.989). Conclusion MIF and its genetic variants are thought to play a pathogenic role in verruca vulgaris development and recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed H Hassan
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, 83523, Egypt
| | - Sawsan Abuhamdah
- College of Pharmacy, Al Ain University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.,Department of Biopharmaceutics and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Bakheet E M Elsadek
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, Assiut, 71524, Egypt
| | - Ashraf Abdelwahab
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Andrology, Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt
| | - Tarek Hamdy Abd-Elhamid
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Hanan M Fayed
- Department of Chemical and Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, 83523, Egypt
| | - Amany Abbass
- Department of Chemical and Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt
| | | | - Marwa Mohamed
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Andrology, Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt
| | - Wafaa Mohamed Abd-Elmagid
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Andrology, Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt
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Cakan N, Yılmaz R, Karaaslan E, Ateş Ö. Association of Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor Gene –173 G/C Polymorphism (rs755622) with Familial Mediterranean Fever in Children. J Pediatr Genet 2022; 11:91-98. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1719053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives The aim of this study was to identify the genotypic analysis and allele frequencies of the –173 G/C polymorphism in the macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) gene in children diagnosed with familial Mediterranean fever (FMF).
Methods The study included 98 children who were diagnosed with FMF according to the Tel Hashomer criteria and one hundred and 57 healthy children as the control group. Genotyping was done for a polymorphism in a promoter region of the MIF gene (G/C at position –173).
Results The relationship of FMF prevalence and –173 G/C genotype of the MIF gene was statistically significant. Individuals with the CC genotype seem to be predisposed to FMF.
Conclusion The C/C polymorphism at position –173 of the MIF gene could be associated with excessive inflammation and immune response and can lead to susceptibility to FMF
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Affiliation(s)
- Nursen Cakan
- Clinic of Pediatrics, Tokat State Hospital, Tokat, Turkey
| | - Resul Yılmaz
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, Selcuk University School of Medicine, Konya, Turkey
| | - Erhan Karaaslan
- Department of Pediatrics, Gaziosmanpasa University School of Medicine, Tokat, Turkey
| | - Ömer Ateş
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Gaziosmanpasa University School of Medicine, Tokat, Turkey
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6
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The p53 status in rheumatoid arthritis with focus on fibroblast-like synoviocytes. Immunol Res 2021; 69:225-238. [PMID: 33983569 DOI: 10.1007/s12026-021-09202-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
P53 is a transcription factor that regulates many signaling pathways like apoptosis, cell cycle, DNA repair, and cellular stress responses. P53 is involved in inflammatory responses through the regulation of inflammatory signaling pathways, induction of cytokines, and matrix metalloproteinase expression. Also, p53 regulates immune responses through modulating Toll-like receptors expression and innate and adaptive immune cell differentiation and maturation. P53 is a modulator of the apoptosis and proliferation processes through regulating multiple anti and pro-apoptotic genes. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is categorized as an invasive inflammatory autoimmune disease with irreversible deformity of joints and bone resorption. Different immune and non-immune cells contribute to RA pathogenesis. Fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLSs) have been recently introduced as a key player in the pathogenesis of RA. These cells in RA synovium produce inflammatory cytokines and matrix metalloproteinases which results in synovitis and joint destruction. Besides, hyper proliferation and apoptosis resistance of FLSs lead to synovial hyperplasia and bone and cartilage destruction. Given the critical role of p53 in inflammation, apoptosis, and cell proliferation, lack of p53 function (due to mutation or low expression) exerts a prominent role for this gene in the pathogenesis of RA. This review focuses on the role of p53 in different mechanisms and cells (specially FLSs) that involved in RA pathogenesis.
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Fukushima K, Furuya M, Kamimura T, Takimoto-Kamimura M. Structure of macrophage migration inhibitory factor in complex with methotrexate. ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION D-STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2021; 77:293-299. [PMID: 33645533 DOI: 10.1107/s2059798321000474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Methotrexate (MTX) is an anticancer and anti-rheumatoid arthritis drug that is considered to block nucleotide synthesis and the cell cycle mainly by inhibiting the activity of dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR). Using affinity-matrix technology and X-ray analysis, the present study shows that MTX also interacts with macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF). Fragment molecular-orbital calculations quantified the interaction between MTX and MIF based on the structure of the complex and revealed the amino acids that are effective in the interaction of MTX and MIF. It should be possible to design new small-molecule compounds that have strong inhibitory activity towards both MIF and DHFR by structure-based drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Fukushima
- Pharmaceutical Discovery Research Laboratories, Teijin Institute for Bio-Medical Research, 4-3-2 Asahigaoka, Hino-shi, Tokyo 191-8512, Japan
| | - Minoru Furuya
- Pharmaceutical Discovery Research Laboratories, Teijin Institute for Bio-Medical Research, 4-3-2 Asahigaoka, Hino-shi, Tokyo 191-8512, Japan
| | - Takashi Kamimura
- Veritas In Silico Inc., 1-11-1 Nishigotanda, Shinagawa, Tokyo 141-0031, Japan
| | - Midori Takimoto-Kamimura
- Pharmaceutical Discovery Research Laboratories, Teijin Institute for Bio-Medical Research, 4-3-2 Asahigaoka, Hino-shi, Tokyo 191-8512, Japan
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Modeling drug response using network-based personalized treatment prediction (NetPTP) with applications to inflammatory bowel disease. PLoS Comput Biol 2021; 17:e1008631. [PMID: 33544718 PMCID: PMC7891788 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1008631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
For many prevalent complex diseases, treatment regimens are frequently ineffective. For example, despite multiple available immunomodulators and immunosuppressants, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) remains difficult to treat. Heterogeneity in the disease across patients makes it challenging to select the optimal treatment regimens, and some patients do not respond to any of the existing treatment choices. Drug repurposing strategies for IBD have had limited clinical success and have not typically offered individualized patient-level treatment recommendations. In this work, we present NetPTP, a Network-based Personalized Treatment Prediction framework which models measured drug effects from gene expression data and applies them to patient samples to generate personalized ranked treatment lists. To accomplish this, we combine publicly available network, drug target, and drug effect data to generate treatment rankings using patient data. These ranked lists can then be used to prioritize existing treatments and discover new therapies for individual patients. We demonstrate how NetPTP captures and models drug effects, and we apply our framework to individual IBD samples to provide novel insights into IBD treatment. Offering personalized treatment results is an important tenant of precision medicine, particularly in complex diseases which have high variability in disease manifestation and treatment response. We have developed a novel framework, NetPTP (Network-based Personalized Treatment Prediction), for making personalized drug ranking lists for patient samples. Our method uses networks to model drug effects from gene expression data and applies these captured effects to individual samples to produce tailored drug treatment rankings. We applied NetPTP to inflammatory bowel disease, yielding insights into the treatment of this particular disease. Our method is modular and generalizable, and thus can be applied to other diseases that could benefit from a personalized treatment approach.
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9
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Tu Y, Guo R, Li J, Wang S, Leng L, Deng J, Bucala R, Lu L. MiRNA Regulation of MIF in SLE and Attenuation of Murine Lupus Nephritis With miR-654. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2229. [PMID: 31608058 PMCID: PMC6761280 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor (MIF) is involved in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and lupus nephritis (LN). MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play important roles in LN but whether specific miRNAs regulate the expression of MIF in LN is unknown. We explore specific miRNAs that can regulate MIF expression, and investigate miR-654 for the treatment of experimentally-induced murine lupus nephritis. Methods: Sera samples from 24 SLE patients and 24 controls were collected to measure the MIF concentration and its correlation with disease activity. A luciferase reporter assay was used to explore the target of miR-654. ELISA was used to detect the downstream cytokines regulated by miR-654 and MIF. Western blot was applied to measure the impact of miR-654 inhibition on downstream MIF signaling. The therapeutic efficacy of miR-654 was tested in the pristine-induced lupus mouse model. We further measured miR-654 expression and analyzed its relationship with MIF expression in SLE patients. Results: The serum MIF level was increased in SLE patients (p < 0.001) and positively correlated with the SLEDAI score (r = 0.5473; p = 0.0056). MiR-654 inhibited MIF and downstream inflammatory cytokine production by selectively inhibiting the phosphorylation of ERK and AKT. Activation of miR-654 reduced IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α production, reduced gomerulonephritis, and decreased MIF, IgG, and C3 expression in murine lupus glomeruli. Furthermore, MIF was negatively correlated with miR-654 expression (r = −0.4644; p = 0.0222) in SLE patients. Conclusion: MiR-654 negatively correlated with MIF and disease activity in patients with SLE. MiR-654 inhibits MIF expression via binding to MIF 3'UTR, selectively suppresses the phosphorylation of ERK and AKT, and reduces downstream inflammatory cytokine production. In vivo miR-654 treatment decreases MIF and downstream cytokine production and ameliorates murine lupus nephritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Tu
- Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruru Guo
- Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia Li
- Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Suli Wang
- Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Leng
- Section of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Jun Deng
- China-Australia Centre for Personalised Immunology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Rheumatology, Shanghai Institute of Rheumatology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Richard Bucala
- Section of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Liangjing Lu
- Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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10
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Bilsborrow JB, Doherty E, Tilstam PV, Bucala R. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) as a therapeutic target for rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2019; 23:733-744. [PMID: 31414920 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2019.1656718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Introduction. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is a pleiotropic inflammatory cytokine with upstream regulatory roles in innate and adaptive immunity and is implicated in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases including rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Several classes of MIF inhibitors such as small molecule inhibitors and peptide inhibitors are in clinical development. Areas covered. The role of MIF in the pathogenesis of RA and SLE is examined; the authors review the structure, physiology and signaling characteristics of MIF and the related cytokine D-DT/MIF-2. The preclinical and clinical trial data for MIF inhibitors are also reviewed; information was retrieved from PubMed and ClinicalTrials.gov using the keywords MIF, D-DT/MIF-2, CD74, CD44, CXCR2, CXCR4, Jab-1, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, MIF inhibitor, small molecule, anti-MIF, anti-CD74, and peptide inhibitor. Expert opinion. Studies in mice and in humans demonstrate the therapeutic potential of MIF inhibition for RA and SLE. MIF- directed approaches could be particularly efficacious in patients with high expression MIF genetic polymorphisms. In patients with RA and SLE and high expression MIF alleles, targeted MIF inhibition could be a precision medicine approach to treatment. Anti-MIF pharmacotherapies could also be steroid-sparing in patients with chronic glucocorticoid dependence or refractory autoimmune disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua B Bilsborrow
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine , New Haven , CT , USA
| | - Edward Doherty
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine , New Haven , CT , USA
| | - Pathricia V Tilstam
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine , New Haven , CT , USA
| | - Richard Bucala
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine , New Haven , CT , USA
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11
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Kang I, Bucala R. The immunobiology of MIF: function, genetics and prospects for precision medicine. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2019; 15:427-437. [DOI: 10.1038/s41584-019-0238-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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12
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Li YY, Zheng G, Liu L. Bioinformatics Based Therapeutic Effects of Sinomenium Acutum. Chin J Integr Med 2019; 25:122-130. [PMID: 29564801 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-018-2796-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To decipher the possible mechanisms of Sinomenium Acutum (SA) in treating diseases by a bioinformatics method. METHODS SA ingredients were searched according to Chinese Pharmacopoeia, Chinese Medicine Dictionary and Traditional Chinese Medicines Database (TCMD). Active compounds and target proteins of SA were acquired through the Pubchem platform. Pathway, network and function analyses of SA were performed with ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA), a bioinformatics analysis platform. Disease, biofunction-target networks were established with Cytoscape. RESULTS Eighteen ingredients from SA were obtained. Seven active ingredients with 31 active target proteins were acquired according to PubChem Bioassay test. By IPA analysis, 277 canonical pathways belonging to 17 function categories were collected, 23 kinds of diseases, 21 categories bio-functions were obtained. Based on P value, calculated by IPA, the top 5 significant pathway of SA targets include phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase/Akt (PI3K/Akt) signaling, prostate cancer signaling, macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) regulation of innate immunity, Guanosine-binding protein coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling, and ataxia telangiectasia mutated protein (ATM) signaling. Disease and bio-function network analysis indicated that mitogen activated protein kinase 1 (MAPK1), MAPK3, p65 nuclear factor κB (RELA), nuclear factor of κB inhibitor alpha (NFκBIA), interleukin 1β(IL-1β), prostaglandin G/H synthase 2 (PTGS2) and tumor protein 53 (TP53) were the critical targets in various diseases treated by SA. CONCLUSION In the different view of target, pathway, disease and bio-function, inflammation was found to be a central theme in many chronic conditions. SA could be used not only as an anti-inflammatory agent, but also for the treatment of cancers, neurological diseases, psychological disorders and metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Yan Li
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, 999078, China.,Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, 518033, China
| | - Guang Zheng
- School of Information Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Liang Liu
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, 999078, China.
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Augmenter of liver regeneration: Essential for growth and beyond. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2018; 45:65-80. [PMID: 30579845 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2018.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Liver regeneration is a well-orchestrated process that is triggered by tissue loss due to trauma or surgical resection and by hepatocellular death induced by toxins or viral infections. Due to the central role of the liver for body homeostasis, intensive research was conducted to identify factors that might contribute to hepatic growth and regeneration. Using a model of partial hepatectomy several factors including cytokines and growth factors that regulate this process were discovered. Among them, a protein was identified to specifically support liver regeneration and therefore was named ALR (Augmenter of Liver Regeneration). ALR protein is encoded by GFER (growth factor erv1-like) gene and can be regulated by various stimuli. ALR is expressed in different tissues in three isoforms which are associated with multiple functions: The long forms of ALR were found in the inner-mitochondrial space (IMS) and the cytosol. Mitochondrial ALR (23 kDa) was shown to cooperate with Mia40 to insure adequate protein folding during import into IMS. On the other hand short form ALR, located mainly in the cytosol, was attributed with anti-apoptotic and anti-oxidative properties as well as its inflammation and metabolism modulating effects. Although a considerable amount of work has been devoted to summarizing the knowledge on ALR, an investigation of ALR expression in different organs (location, subcellular localization) as well as delineation between the isoforms and function of ALR is still missing. This review provides a comprehensive evaluation of ALR structure and expression of different ALR isoforms. Furthermore, we highlight the functional role of endogenously expressed and exogenously applied ALR, as well as an analysis of the clinical importance of ALR, with emphasis on liver disease and in vivo models, as well as the consequences of mutations in the GFER gene.
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14
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Role of MIF and D-DT in immune-inflammatory, autoimmune, and chronic respiratory diseases: from pathogenic factors to therapeutic targets. Drug Discov Today 2018; 24:428-439. [PMID: 30439447 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2018.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is a protein that acts as a cytokine-, enzyme-, endocrine- and chaperon-like molecule. It binds to the cell-surface receptor CD74 in association with CD44, which activates the downstream signal transduction pathway. In addition, MIF acts also as a noncognate ligand for C-X-C chemokine receptor type 2 (CXCR2), type 4 (CXCR4), and type 7 (CXCR7). Recently, D-dopachrome tautomerase (D-DT), a second member of the MIF superfamily, was identified. From a pharmacological and clinical point of view, the nonredundant biological properties of MIF and D-DT anticipate potential synergisms from their simultaneous inhibition. Here, we focus on the role of MIF and D-DT in human immune-inflammatory, autoimmune, and chronic respiratory diseases, providing an update on the progress made in the identification of specific small-molecule inhibitors of these proteins.
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15
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Ahmed M, Miller E. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) in the development and progression of pulmonary arterial hypertension. Glob Cardiol Sci Pract 2018; 2018:14. [PMID: 30083544 PMCID: PMC6062764 DOI: 10.21542/gcsp.2018.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) has been described as a pro-inflammatory cytokine and regulator of neuro-endocrine function. It plays an important upstream role in the inflammatory cascade by promoting the release of other inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-alpha and IL-6, ultimately triggering a chronic inflammatory immune response. As lungs can synthesize and release MIF, many studies have investigated the potential role of MIF as a biomarker in assessment of patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and using anti-MIFs as a new therapeutic modality for PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Ahmed
- Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Pediatrics Department Cohen Children’s Hospital at New York, Northwell Health System
- The Center for Heart and Lung Research, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York, USA
- School of Medicine, Hofstra University, Hempstead, New York, USA
| | - Edmund Miller
- The Center for Heart and Lung Research, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York, USA
- School of Medicine, Hofstra University, Hempstead, New York, USA
- The Elmezzi Graduate School of Molecular Medicine, Manhasset, New York, USA
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16
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Shen D, Lang Y, Chu F, Wu X, Wang Y, Zheng X, Zhang HL, Zhu J, Liu K. Roles of macrophage migration inhibitory factor in Guillain-Barré syndrome and experimental autoimmune neuritis: beneficial or harmful? Expert Opin Ther Targets 2018; 22:567-577. [PMID: 29856236 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2018.1484109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) and its animal model experimental autoimmune neuritis (EAN), which may offer an opportunity for the development of the novel therapeutic strategies for GBS. Areas covered: 'macrophage migration inhibitory factor' and 'Guillain-Barré syndrome' were used as keywords to search for related publications on Pub-Med, National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), USA. MIF is involved in the etiology of various inflammatory and autoimmune disorders. However, the roles of MIF in GBS and EAN have not been summarized in the publications we identified. Therefore, in this review, we described and analyzed the major roles of MIF in GBS/EAN. Primarily, this molecule aggravates the inflammatory responses in this disorder. However, multiple studies indicated a protective role of MIF in GBS. The potential of MIF as a therapeutic target in GBS has been recently demonstrated in experimental and clinical studies, although clinical trials have been unavailable to date. Expert opinion: MIF plays a critical role in the initiation and progression of GBS and EAN, and it may represent a potential therapeutic target for GBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghui Shen
- a Neuroscience Center, Department of Neurology , The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University , Changchun , China
| | - Yue Lang
- a Neuroscience Center, Department of Neurology , The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University , Changchun , China
| | - Fengna Chu
- a Neuroscience Center, Department of Neurology , The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University , Changchun , China
| | - Xiujuan Wu
- a Neuroscience Center, Department of Neurology , The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University , Changchun , China
| | - Ying Wang
- b Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society , Division of Neurodegeneration, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge , Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Xiangyu Zheng
- a Neuroscience Center, Department of Neurology , The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University , Changchun , China
| | - Hong-Liang Zhang
- c Department of Life Sciences , the National Natural Science Foundation of China , Beijing , China
| | - Jie Zhu
- a Neuroscience Center, Department of Neurology , The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University , Changchun , China.,b Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society , Division of Neurodegeneration, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge , Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Kangding Liu
- a Neuroscience Center, Department of Neurology , The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University , Changchun , China
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17
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Characterization of a secreted macrophage migration inhibitory factor homologue of the parasitic nematode Haemonchus Contortus acting at the parasite-host cell interface. Oncotarget 2018; 8:40052-40064. [PMID: 28402951 PMCID: PMC5522239 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Modulation and suppression of the immune response of the host by nematode parasites have been reported extensively and the migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is identified as one of the major immunomodulator. In the present study, we cloned and produced recombinant MIF protein from the small ruminant’s nematode parasite Haemonchus contortus (rHCMIF-1), and investigated its immunomodulatory effects on goat monocyte. Enzymatic assays indicated that rHCMIF-1 possessed tautomerase activity. Immunohistochemical test demonstrated that the native HCMIF-1 protein was predominantly localized at the body surface and internal surface of the worm’s gut. We demonstrated that rHCMIF-1 could be distinguished by antisera from goats experimentally infected with H. contortus and could bind by goat monocytes. The immunomodulatory effects of HCMIF-1 on cytokine secretion, MHC molecule expression, NO production and phagocytosis were observed by co-incubation of rHCMIF-1 with goat monocytes. The results showed that the interaction of rHCMIF-1 decreased the production of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-12p40, where as, it significantly increased the secretion of IL-10 and TGF β in goat monocytes. After rHCMIF-1 exposure, the expression of MHC-II on goat monocytes was inhibited. Moreover, rHCMIF-1 could down-regulate the LPS induced NO production of goat monocytes. Phagocytotic assay by FITC-dextran internalization showed that rHCMIF-1 could inhibit the phagocytosis of goat monocytes. Our findings provided potential targetas immunoregulator, and will be helpful to elucidate the molecular basis of host–parasite interactions and search for new potential protein as vaccine and drug target candidate.
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18
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Qrafli M, Najimi M, Elaouad R, Sadki K. Current immunogenetic predisposition to tuberculosis in the Moroccan population. Int J Immunogenet 2017; 44:286-304. [PMID: 29057608 DOI: 10.1111/iji.12340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Revised: 08/06/2017] [Accepted: 08/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is a serious infectious disease that kills approximately two million people per year, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. Numerous genetic epidemiology studies have been conducted of many ethnic groups worldwide and have highlighted the critical impact of the genetic environment on TB distribution. Many candidate genes associated with resistance or susceptibility to TB have been identified. In Morocco, where TB is still a major public health problem, various observations of clinical, microbiological and incidence distribution are heavily affected by genetic background and external environment. Morocco has almost the same clinical profile as do other North African countries, mainly the increase in more extrapulmonary than pulmonary forms of the diseases, when compared to European, Asian or American populations. In addition, a linkage analysis study that examined Moroccan TB patients identified a unique chromosome region that had a strong association with the risk of contracting TB. Other genes in the Moroccan population that were found to be associated seem to be involved predominantly in modulating the innate immunity. In this review, we appraise the major candidate genes that have been reported in Moroccan immunogenetic studies and discuss their updated role in TB, particularly during the first phase of the immune response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Qrafli
- Physiopathology Team, Immunogenomic and Bioinformatic Unit, Faculty of Sciences, Genomic Center of Human Pathologies, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco
| | - M Najimi
- Laboratory of Pediatric Hepatology and Cell Therapy, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - R Elaouad
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy Sciences, Mohammed V University of Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
| | - K Sadki
- Physiopathology Team, Immunogenomic and Bioinformatic Unit, Faculty of Sciences, Genomic Center of Human Pathologies, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco
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19
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Lan H, Wang N, Chen Y, Wang X, Gong Y, Qi X, Luo Y, Yao F. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) promotes rat airway muscle cell proliferation and migration mediated by ERK1/2 and FAK signaling. Cell Biol Int 2017; 42:75-83. [PMID: 28851074 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.10863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 08/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is an inflammatory mediator that contributes to asthmatic airway remodeling; however, little is known regarding the effects of MIF on airway smooth muscle cells (ASMCs). In the present study, we found that an enhanced expression of MIF promoted ASMC proliferation, increased the population of cells in the S/G2 phase, downregulated P21 expression, and upregulated cyclin D1, cyclin D3, and Cdk6 expression. In addition, the apoptosis of ASMCs was significantly decreased in response to MIF overexpression, compared with the negative control. Moreover, MIF facilitated the migration of ASMCs by upregulating the expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2. Finally, we showed that MIF increased the phosphorylation of extracellular regulated protein kinases (ERK) 1/2 and focal adhesion kinase (FAK), which are associated with proliferation and migration. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that MIF overexpression promotes the proliferation and migration of ASMCs by upregulating the activity of the ERK1/2 and FAK signaling pathways in these cells, further indicating that inhibition of MIF may prove to be an effective strategy for treating asthma patients with airway remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haibing Lan
- Department of the Intensive Care Unit, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Nan Wang
- Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou North Avenue, Guangzhou 510515, China.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Second Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510095, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Department of the Intensive Care Unit, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xiaojing Wang
- Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou North Avenue, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yuanqi Gong
- Department of the Intensive Care Unit, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xiefei Qi
- Department of the Intensive Care Unit, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yaling Luo
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fang Yao
- Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou North Avenue, Guangzhou 510515, China
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20
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Bae SC, Lee YH. Associations between circulating macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) levels and rheumatoid arthritis, and between MIF gene polymorphisms and disease susceptibility: a meta-analysis. Postgrad Med J 2017; 94:109-115. [DOI: 10.1136/postgradmedj-2017-134934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Revised: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
AimTo systematically review evidence regarding the relationship between circulating macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) levels and rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and the association between MIF gene polymorphisms and RA susceptibility.DesignWe performed a meta-analysis on data of serum/plasma MIF levels in patients with RA and in controls, and on associations between the MIF−173 C/G and −794CATT5-8 polymorphisms and RA susceptibility.PatientsTwelve studies, comprising a total of 362 RA cases and 531 controls evaluated for MIF levels, and 2367 RA cases and 2395 controls evaluated for MIF polymorphisms, were included.ResultsMIF levels were significantly higher in the RA group than in the control group (standardised mean difference (95% CI) 0.923 (0.766 to 1.080), p<0.001). Stratification by ethnicity revealed significantly higher MIF levels in the RA group in Caucasian, Asian and Latin American populations. MIF levels were significantly higher in patients with RA, regardless of adjustment, sample size or data type evaluated. RA was identified to be significantly associated with the MIF−173 C allele (OR (95% CI) 1.271 (1.141 to 1.416), p<0.001), as well as with the −794CATT7 allele (OR (95% CI) 1.229 (1.084 to 1.415), p=0.002) and the −794CATT7-MIF-173C haplotype RA (OR (95% CI) 1.433 (1.138 to 1.805), p=0.002).ConclusionsOur meta-analyses revealed significantly higher circulating MIF levels in patients with RA, and found evidence of associations between the MIF−173 C/G and −794CATT5-8 polymorphisms and RA susceptibility.
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21
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Machicado C, Marcos LA. A computational assessment of the predicted structures of Human Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor 1 orthologs in parasites and its affinity to human CD74 receptor. J Mol Recognit 2017; 30. [PMID: 28513076 DOI: 10.1002/jmr.2640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Revised: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The human macrophage migration inhibitory factor 1 (Hu-MIF-1) is a protein involved in the inflammatory and immunology response to parasite infection. In the present study, the existence of Hu-MIF-1 from parasites have been explored by mining WormBase. A total of 35 helminths were found to have Hu-MIF-1 homologs, including some parasites of importance for public health. Physicochemical, structural, and biological properties of Hu-MIF-1 were compared with its orthologs in parasites showing that most of these are secretory proteins, with positive net charge and presence of the Cys-Xaa-Xaa-Cys motif that is critical for its oxidoreductase activity. The inhibitor-binding site present in Hu-MIF-1 is well conserved among parasite MIFs suggesting that Hu-MIF inhibitors may target orthologs in pathogens. The binding of Hu-MIF-1 to its cognate receptor CD74 was predicted by computer-assisted docking, and it resulted to be very similar to the predicted complexes formed by parasite MIFs and human CD74. More than 1 plausible conformation of MIFs in the extracellular loops of CD74 may be possible as demonstrated by the different predicted conformations of MIF orthologs in complex with CD74. Parasite MIFs in complex with CD74 resulted with some charged residues oriented to CD74, which was not observed in the Hu-MIF-1/CD74 complex. Our findings predict the binding mode of Hu-MIF-1 and orthologs with CD74, which can assist in the design of novel MIF inhibitors. Whether the parasite MIFs function specifically subvert host immune responses to suit the parasite is an open question that needs to be further investigated. Future research should lead to a better understanding of parasite MIF action in the parasite biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Machicado
- Research and Development Laboratories, Faculty of Science and Philosophy, Cayetano Heredia Peruvian University, Lima, Peru.,Institute for Biocomputation and Physics of Complex Systems, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Luis A Marcos
- Department of Medicine (Infectious Diseases), Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA.,Global Health Institute, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
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22
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MIF allele-dependent regulation of the MIF coreceptor CD44 and role in rheumatoid arthritis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:E7917-E7926. [PMID: 27872288 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1612717113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast-like synoviocytes mediate joint destruction in rheumatoid arthritis and exhibit sustained proinflammatory and invasive properties. CD44 is a polymorphic transmembrane protein with defined roles in matrix interaction and tumor invasion that is also a signaling coreceptor for macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), which engages cell surface CD74. High-expression MIF alleles (rs5844572) are associated with rheumatoid joint erosion, but whether MIF signaling through the CD74/CD44 receptor complex promotes upstream autoimmune responses or contributes directly to synovial joint destruction is unknown. We report here the functional regulation of CD44 by an autocrine pathway in synovial fibroblasts that is driven by high-expression MIF alleles to up-regulate an inflammatory and invasive phenotype. MIF increases CD44 expression, promotes its recruitment into a functional signal transduction complex, and stimulates alternative exon splicing, leading to expression of the CD44v3-v6 isoforms associated with oncogenic invasion. CD44 recruitment into the MIF receptor complex, downstream MAPK and RhoA signaling, and invasive phenotype require MIF and CD74 and are reduced by MIF pathway antagonists. These data support a functional role for high-MIF expression alleles and the two-component CD74/CD44 MIF receptor in rheumatoid arthritis and suggest that pharmacologic inhibition of this pathway may offer a specific means to interfere with progressive joint destruction.
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Movila A, Ishii T, Albassam A, Wisitrasameewong W, Howait M, Yamaguchi T, Ruiz-Torruella M, Bahammam L, Nishimura K, Van Dyke T, Kawai T. Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor (MIF) Supports Homing of Osteoclast Precursors to Peripheral Osteolytic Lesions. J Bone Miner Res 2016; 31:1688-700. [PMID: 27082509 PMCID: PMC5010512 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.2854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Revised: 03/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
By binding to its chemokine receptor CXCR4 on osteoclast precursor cells (OCPs), it is well known that stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1) promotes the chemotactic recruitment of circulating OCPs to the homeostatic bone remodeling site. However, the engagement of circulating OCPs in pathogenic bone resorption remains to be elucidated. The present study investigated a possible chemoattractant role of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), another ligand for C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4), in the recruitment of circulating OCPs to the bone lytic lesion. To accomplish this, we used Csf1r-eGFP-knock-in (KI) mice to establish an animal model of polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) particle-induced calvarial osteolysis. In the circulating Csf1r-eGFP+ cells of healthy Csf1r-eGFP-KI mice, Csf1r+/CD11b+ cells showed a greater degree of RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis compared to a subset of Csf1r+/RANK+ cells in vitro. Therefore, Csf1r-eGFP+/CD11b+ cells were targeted as functionally relevant OCPs in the present study. Although expression of the two cognate receptors for MIF, CXCR2 and CXCR4, was elevated on Csf1r+/CD11b+ cells, transmigration of OCPs toward recombinant MIF in vitro was facilitated by ligation with CXCR4, but not CXCR2. Meanwhile, the level of PMMA-induced bone resorption in calvaria was markedly greater in wild-type (WT) mice compared to that detected in MIF-knockout (KO) mice. Interestingly, in contrast to the elevated MIF, diminished SDF-1 was detected in a particle-induced bone lytic lesion of WT mice in conjunction with an increased number of infiltrating CXCR4+ OCPs. However, such diminished SDF-1 was not found in the PMMA-injected calvaria of MIF-KO mice. Furthermore, stimulation of osteoblasts with MIF in vitro suppressed their production of SDF-1, suggesting that MIF can downmodulate SDF-1 production in bone tissue. Systemically administered anti-MIF neutralizing monoclonal antibody (mAb) inhibited the homing of CXCR4+ OCPs, as well as bone resorption, in the PMMA-injected calvaria, while increasing locally produced SDF-1. Collectively, these data suggest that locally produced MIF in the inflammatory bone lytic site is engaged in the chemoattraction of circulating CXCR4+ OCPs. © 2016 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandru Movila
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Takenobu Ishii
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Department of Orthodontics, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Abdullah Albassam
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA.,School of Dental Medicine, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA.,Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wichaya Wisitrasameewong
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA.,School of Dental Medicine, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Mohammed Howait
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tsuguno Yamaguchi
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Research and Development Headquarters, LION Corporation, Kanagawa, Japan
| | | | - Laila Bahammam
- Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kazuaki Nishimura
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Thomas Van Dyke
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Toshihisa Kawai
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA.,School of Dental Medicine, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
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24
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Kim KW, Kim HR. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor: a potential therapeutic target for rheumatoid arthritis. Korean J Intern Med 2016; 31:634-42. [PMID: 27169879 PMCID: PMC4939511 DOI: 10.3904/kjim.2016.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is originally identified in the culture medium of activated T lymphocytes as a soluble factor that inhibits the random migration of macrophages. MIF is now recognized as a multipotent cytokine involved in the regulation of immune and inf lammatory responses. In rheumatoid arthritis (RA), MIF promotes inf lammatory responses by inducing proinflammatory cytokines and tissue-degrading molecules, promoting the proliferation and survival of synovial fibroblasts, stimulating neutrophil chemotaxis, and regulating angiogenesis and osteoclast differentiation. Expression of MIF in synovial tissue and synovial fluid levels of MIF are elevated in RA patients. Specifically, MIF levels correlate with RA disease activity and high levels are associated with bone erosion. In animal models of RA, the genetic and therapeutic inhibition of MIF has been shown to control inflammation and bone destruction. Based on the role of MIF in RA pathogenesis, small molecular inhibitors targeting it or its receptor pathways could provide a new therapeutic option for RA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoung-Woon Kim
- Convergent Research Consortium for Immunologic Disease, College of Medicine, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hae-Rim Kim
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Research Institute of Medical Science, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Correspondence to Hae-Rim Kim, M.D. Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Konkuk University School of Medicine, 120-1 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05030, Korea Tel: +82-2-2030-7542 Fax: +82-2-2030-7748 E-mail:
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25
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Yao J, Leng L, Sauler M, Fu W, Zheng J, Zhang Y, Du X, Yu X, Lee P, Bucala R. Transcription factor ICBP90 regulates the MIF promoter and immune susceptibility locus. J Clin Invest 2016; 126:732-44. [PMID: 26752645 DOI: 10.1172/jci81937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The immunoregulatory cytokine macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is encoded in a functionally polymorphic locus that is linked to the susceptibility of autoimmune and infectious diseases. The MIF promoter contains a 4-nucleotide microsatellite polymorphism (-794 CATT) that repeats 5 to 8 times in the locus, with greater numbers of repeats associated with higher mRNA levels. Because there is no information about the transcriptional regulation of these common alleles, we used oligonucleotide affinity chromatography and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to identify nuclear proteins that interact with the -794 CATT5-8 site. An analysis of monocyte nuclear lysates revealed that the transcription factor ICBP90 (also known as UHRF1) is the major protein interacting with the MIF microsatellite. We found that ICBP90 is essential for MIF transcription from monocytes/macrophages, B and T lymphocytes, and synovial fibroblasts, and TLR-induced MIF transcription is regulated in an ICBP90- and -794 CATT5-8 length-dependent manner. Whole-genome transcription analysis of ICBP90 shRNA-treated rheumatoid synoviocytes uncovered a subset of proinflammatory and immune response genes that overlapped with those regulated by MIF shRNA. In addition, the expression levels of ICBP90 and MIF were correlated in joint synovia from patients with rheumatoid arthritis. These findings identify ICBP90 as a key regulator of MIF transcription and provide functional insight into the regulation of the polymorphic MIF locus.
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Lang T, Foote A, Lee JPW, Morand EF, Harris J. MIF: Implications in the Pathoetiology of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Front Immunol 2015; 6:577. [PMID: 26617609 PMCID: PMC4641160 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2015.00577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophage migration Inhibitory factor (MIF) was one of the earliest pro-inflammatory cytokines to be identified. Increasing interest in this cytokine in recent decades has followed the cloning of human MIF and the generation of Mif−/− mice. Deepening understanding of signaling pathways utilized by MIF and putative receptor mechanisms have followed. MIF is distinct from all other cytokines by virtue of its unique induction by and counter regulation of glucocorticoids (GCs). MIF is further differentiated from other cytokines by its structural homology to specific tautomerase and isomerase enzymes and correlative in vitro enzymatic functions. The role of MIF in immune and inflammatory states, including a range of human autoimmune diseases, is now well established, as are the relationships between MIF polymorphisms and a number of inflammatory diseases. Here, we review the known pleiotropic activities of MIF, in addition to novel functions of MIF in processes including autophagy and autophagic cell death. In addition, recent developments in the understanding of the role of MIF in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) are reviewed. Finally, we discuss the potential application of anti-MIF strategies to treat human diseases such as SLE, which will require a comprehensive understanding of the unique and complex activities of this ubiquitously expressed cytokine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tali Lang
- Lupus Research Group, Monash Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash Medical Centre , Clayton, VIC , Australia
| | - Andrew Foote
- Lupus Research Group, Monash Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash Medical Centre , Clayton, VIC , Australia
| | - Jacinta P W Lee
- Lupus Research Group, Monash Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash Medical Centre , Clayton, VIC , Australia
| | - Eric F Morand
- Lupus Research Group, Monash Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash Medical Centre , Clayton, VIC , Australia
| | - James Harris
- Lupus Research Group, Monash Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash Medical Centre , Clayton, VIC , Australia
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Brennan-Bourdon LM, De la Cruz-Mosso U, Reyes-Castillo Z, Martínez-Bonilla GE, Ramírez-Dueñas MG, Islas-Carbajal MC, Rincón-Sánchez AR, Salazar-Páramo M, Muñoz-Valle JF. MIF and TNFαserum levels in rheumatoid arthritis patients treated with disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs: a cross-sectional study. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2015; 37:207-13. [DOI: 10.3109/08923973.2015.1017645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Macrophage migration inhibitory factor is involved in ectopic endometrial tissue growth and peritoneal-endometrial tissue interaction in vivo: a plausible link to endometriosis development. PLoS One 2014; 9:e110434. [PMID: 25329068 PMCID: PMC4201552 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0110434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2014] [Accepted: 06/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Pelvic inflammation is a hallmark of endometriosis pathogenesis and a major cause of the disease's symptoms. Abnormal immune and inflammatory changes may not only contribute to endometriosis-major symptoms, but also contribute to ectopic endometrial tissue growth and endometriosis development. A major pro-inflammatory factors found elevated in peritoneal fluid of women with endometriosis and to be overexpressed in peritoneal fluid macrophages and active, highly vascularized and early stage endometriotic lesions, macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) appeared to induce angiogenic and inflammatory and estrogen producing phenotypes in endometriotic cells in vitro and to be a possible therapeutic target in vivo. Using a mouse model where MIF-knock out (KO) mice received intra-peritoneal injection of endometrial tissue from MIF-KO or syngeneic wild type (WT) mice and vice versa, our current study revealed that MIF genetic depletion resulted in a marked reduction ectopic endometrial tissue growth, a disrupted tissue structure and a significant down regulation of the expression of major inflammatory (cyclooxygenease-2), cell adhesion (αv and β3 integrins), survival (B-cell lymphoma-2) and angiogenic (vascular endothelial cell growth) factorsrelevant to endometriosis pathogenesis, whereas MIF add-back to MIF-KO mice significantly restored endometriosis-like lesions number and size. Interestingly, cross-experiments revealed that MIF presence in both endometrial and peritoneal host tissues is required for ectopic endometrial tissue growth and pointed to its involvement in endometrial-peritoneal interactions. This study provides compelling evidence for the role of MIF in endometriosis development and its possible interest for a targeted treatment of endometriosis.
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Fan H, Kao W, Yang YH, Gu R, Harris J, Fingerle-Rowson G, Bucala R, Ngo D, Beaulieu E, Morand EF. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor inhibits the antiinflammatory effects of glucocorticoids via glucocorticoid-induced leucine zipper. Arthritis Rheumatol 2014; 66:2059-70. [PMID: 24782327 DOI: 10.1002/art.38689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2013] [Accepted: 04/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Glucocorticoids remain a mainstay in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Dose-dependent adverse effects highlight the need for therapies that regulate glucocorticoid sensitivity to enable dosage reduction. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is a proinflammatory protein that has been implicated in the pathogenesis of RA; it impairs glucocorticoid sensitivity via MAPK phosphatase 1 (MKP-1) inhibition. The intracellular protein glucocorticoid-induced leucine zipper (GILZ) mimics the effects of glucocorticoids in models of RA, but whether it represents a target for the modulation of glucocorticoid sensitivity remains unknown. We undertook this study to investigate whether GILZ is involved in the regulation of glucocorticoid sensitivity by MIF. METHODS GILZ expression was studied in the presence and absence of MIF, and the role of GILZ in the MIF-dependent regulation of the glucocorticoid sensitivity mediator MKP-1 was studied at the level of expression and function. RESULTS GILZ expression was significantly inhibited by endogenous MIF, both basally and during responses to glucocorticoid treatment. The effects of MIF on GILZ were dependent on the expression and Akt-induced nuclear translocation of the transcription factor FoxO3A. GILZ was shown to regulate the expression of MKP-1 and consequent MAPK phosphorylation and cytokine release. CONCLUSION MIF exerts its effects on MKP-1 expression and MAPK activity through inhibitory effects on GILZ. These findings suggest a previously unsuspected interaction between MIF and GILZ and identify GILZ as a potential target for the therapeutic regulation of glucocorticoid sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huapeng Fan
- Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
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Lahoti TS, Hughes JM, Kusnadi A, John K, Zhu B, Murray IA, Gowda K, Peters JM, Amin SG, Perdew GH. Aryl hydrocarbon receptor antagonism attenuates growth factor expression, proliferation, and migration in fibroblast-like synoviocytes from patients with rheumatoid arthritis. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2014; 348:236-45. [PMID: 24309559 PMCID: PMC3912548 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.113.209726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2013] [Accepted: 12/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease with high morbidity and mortality. Within the inflammatory milieu, resident fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) in the synovial tissue undergo hyperplasia, which leads to joint destruction. Epidemiologic studies and our previous research suggest that activation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) pathway plays an instrumental role in the inflammatory and destructive RA phenotype. In addition, our recent studies implicate the AHR in the regulation of the expression of several growth factors in established tumor cell lines. Thus, under inflammatory conditions, we hypothesized that the AHR is involved in the constitutive and inducible expression of several growth factors, FLS proliferation and migration, along with protease-dependent invasion in FLS from patients with RA (RA-FLS). Treatment with the AHR antagonist GNF351 inhibits cytokine-induced expression of vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A), epiregulin, amphiregulin, and basic fibroblast growth factor mRNA through an AHR-dependent mechanism in both RA-FLS and FLS. Secretion of VEGF-A and epiregulin from RA-FLS was also inhibited upon GNF351 treatment. RA-FLS cell migration, along with cytokine-induced RA-FLS cell proliferation, was significantly attenuated by GNF351 exposure. Treatment of RA-FLS with GNF351 mitigated cytokine-mediated expression of matrix metalloproteinase-2 and -9 mRNA and diminished the RA-FLS invasive phenotype. These findings indicate that inhibition of AHR activity may be a viable therapeutic target in amelioration of disease progression in RA by attenuating growth factor release; FLS proliferation, migration, and invasion; and inflammatory activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tejas S Lahoti
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania (T.S.L., J.M.H., A.K., B.Z., I.A.M., J.M.P., G.H.P.); DuPont Haskell Global Centers for Health and Environmental Sciences, Newark, Delaware (K.J.); and Department of Pharmacology, Pennsylvania State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania (K.G., S.G.A.)
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Cottier KE, Fogle EM, Fox DA, Ahmed S. Noxa in rheumatic diseases: present understanding and future impact. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2013; 53:1539-46. [PMID: 24352336 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/ket408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Impaired programmed cell death is an important contributing mechanism in the development of chronic inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Overexpression of Bcl-2 family proteins in such diseases has led to the concept of targeted suppression of these proteins as a primary therapeutic strategy. However, limited success with this approach has prompted pharmacologists to look at the other side of the coin, with the aim of reactivating jeopardized pro-apoptotic proteins that may neutralize Bcl-2 or other anti-apoptotic molecules. In this effort, BH3-only proteins have gained recent attention as endogenous molecules for the sensitization of resistant cells to undergo apoptosis. Among the BH3-only family, Noxa stands out as exceptional for its specificity to bind Mcl-1 and Bcl-2 and blunt their biological properties. Noxa is now being tested as a promising therapeutic target in cancer biology. Nonetheless, its role and clinical application still lack validation in autoimmune diseases, including rheumatic conditions. This is partly attributed to the significant gap in our understanding of its regulatory role and how either overexpression of Noxa or delivery of BH3 mimetics could be therapeutically exploited. In this review we highlight some recent studies in RA, OA, SLE and SS suggesting that Noxa may be used as a potential therapeutic target to circumvent invasive and tissue destructive processes in these rheumatic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karissa E Cottier
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH and Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Elise M Fogle
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH and Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - David A Fox
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH and Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Salahuddin Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH and Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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Macrophage-derived, macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is necessary to induce disease in the K/BxN serum-induced model of arthritis. Rheumatol Int 2013; 33:2301-8. [PMID: 23503937 DOI: 10.1007/s00296-013-2713-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2012] [Accepted: 02/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is characterized by the interaction of multiple mediators, among the most important of which are cytokines. In recent years, extensive studies demonstrate a pivotal role for one cytokine, macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), in fundamental events in innate and adaptive immunity. MIF has now been demonstrated to be involved in the pathogenesis of many diseases, but in the case of RA the evidence for a role of MIF is very strong. MIF is abundantly expressed in the sera of RA patients and in RA synovial tissue correlating with disease activity. MIF-deficient mice were used to induce arthritis by serum transfer from K/BxN mice. K/BxN serum transfer arthritis was markedly attenuated in MIF(-) mice, with reduction in clinical index and histological severity as well as decrease in synovial cytokines. Macrophage transfers were done to investigate the specific role of macrophage-derived MIF. We show that adoptive transfer of wild-type macrophages into MIF(-) mice restores the sensitivity of MIF(-) mice to arthritis development, and this affect was associated with a restoration in serum IL-1β and IL-6 production. These results indicate that MIF plays a critical role in inflammation and joint destruction in K/BxN serum-induced arthritis and that the systemic expression of MIF by a subpopulation of macrophages is necessary and sufficient for the full development of arthritis.
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Bank LM, Bianchi LM, Ebisu F, Lerman-Sinkoff D, Smiley EC, Shen YC, Ramamurthy P, Thompson DL, Roth TM, Beck CR, Flynn M, Teller RS, Feng L, Llewellyn GN, Holmes B, Sharples C, Coutinho-Budd J, Linn SA, Chervenak AP, Dolan DF, Benson J, Kanicki A, Martin CA, Altschuler R, Koch AE, Koch AE, Jewett EM, Germiller JA, Barald KF. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor acts as a neurotrophin in the developing inner ear. Development 2013; 139:4666-74. [PMID: 23172918 DOI: 10.1242/dev.066647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
This study is the first to demonstrate that macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), an immune system 'inflammatory' cytokine that is released by the developing otocyst, plays a role in regulating early innervation of the mouse and chick inner ear. We demonstrate that MIF is a major bioactive component of the previously uncharacterized otocyst-derived factor, which directs initial neurite outgrowth from the statoacoustic ganglion (SAG) to the developing inner ear. Recombinant MIF acts as a neurotrophin in promoting both SAG directional neurite outgrowth and neuronal survival and is expressed in both the developing and mature inner ear of chick and mouse. A MIF receptor, CD74, is found on both embryonic SAG neurons and adult mouse spiral ganglion neurons. Mif knockout mice are hearing impaired and demonstrate altered innervation to the organ of Corti, as well as fewer sensory hair cells. Furthermore, mouse embryonic stem cells become neuron-like when exposed to picomolar levels of MIF, suggesting the general importance of this cytokine in neural development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M Bank
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, 3728 BSRB 109, Zina Pitcher Place, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2200, USA
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Khoufache K, Bazin S, Girard K, Guillemette J, Roy MC, Verreault JP, Al-Abed Y, Foster W, Akoum A. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor antagonist blocks the development of endometriosis in vivo. PLoS One 2012; 7:e37264. [PMID: 22649515 PMCID: PMC3359359 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0037264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2011] [Accepted: 04/19/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Endometriosis, a disease of reproductive age women, is a major cause of infertility, menstrual disorders and pelvic pain. Little is known about its etiopathology, but chronic pelvic inflammation is a common feature in affected women. Beside symptomatic treatment of endometriosis-associated pain, only two main suboptimal therapeutic approaches (hormonal and invasive surgery) are generally recommended to patients and no specific targeted treatment is available. Our studies led to the detection of a marked increase in the expression of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) in the eutopic endometrium, the peripheral blood and the peritoneal fluid of women with endometriosis, and in early, vascularized and active endometriotic lesions. Herein, we developed a treatment model of endometriosis, where human endometrial tissue was first allowed to implant into the peritoneal cavity of nude mice, to assess in vivo the effect of a specific antagonist of MIF (ISO-1) on the progression of endometriosis and evaluate its efficacy as a potential therapeutic tool. Administration of ISO-1 led to a significant decline of the number, size and in situ dissemination of endometriotic lesions. We further showed that ISO-1 may act by significantly inhibiting cell adhesion, tissue remodeling, angiogenesis and inflammation as well as by altering the balance of pro- and anti-apoptotic factors. Actually, mice treatment with ISO-1 significantly reduced the expression of cell adhesion receptors αv and ß3 integrins (P<0.05), matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) 2 and 9 (P<0.05), vascular endothelial cell growth factor (VEGF) (P<0.01), interleukin 8 (IL8) (P<0.05), cyclooxygenease (COX)2 (P<0.001) and the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl2 (P<0.01), but significantly induced the expression of Bax (P<0.05), a potent pro-apoptotic protein. These data provide evidence that specific inhibition of MIF alters endometriotic tissue growth and progression in vivo and may represent a promising potential therapeutic avenue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled Khoufache
- Endocrinologie de la Reproduction, Centre de Recherche, Hôpital Saint-François d’Assise, CHUQ, Quebec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Sylvie Bazin
- Département d’obstétrique et gynécologie, Faculté de médecine, Université Laval, Quebec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Karine Girard
- Département d’obstétrique et gynécologie, Faculté de médecine, Université Laval, Quebec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Julie Guillemette
- Département d’obstétrique et gynécologie, Faculté de médecine, Université Laval, Quebec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Marie-Christine Roy
- Département d’obstétrique et gynécologie, Faculté de médecine, Université Laval, Quebec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Jean-Pierre Verreault
- Département d’obstétrique et gynécologie, Faculté de médecine, Université Laval, Quebec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Yousef Al-Abed
- The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York, United States of America
| | - Warren Foster
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ali Akoum
- Endocrinologie de la Reproduction, Centre de Recherche, Hôpital Saint-François d’Assise, CHUQ, Quebec City, Québec, Canada
- Département d’obstétrique et gynécologie, Faculté de médecine, Université Laval, Quebec City, Québec, Canada
- * E-mail:
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de Dios Rosado J, Rodriguez-Sosa M. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF): a key player in protozoan infections. Int J Biol Sci 2011; 7:1239-56. [PMID: 22110378 PMCID: PMC3221362 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.7.1239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2011] [Accepted: 10/01/2011] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is a pleiotropic cytokine produced by the pituitary gland and multiple cell types, including macrophages (Mø), dendritic cells (DC) and T-cells. Upon releases MIF modulates the expression of several inflammatory molecules, such as TNF-α, nitric oxide and cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2). These important MIF characteristics have prompted investigators to study its role in parasite infections. Several reports have demonstrated that MIF plays either a protective or deleterious role in the immune response to different pathogens. Here, we review the role of MIF in the host defense response to some important protozoan infections.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Miriam Rodriguez-Sosa
- Unidad de Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), 54090 Tlalnepantla, Estado de México, México
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Younis AE, Soblik H, Ajonina-Ekoti I, Erttmann KD, Luersen K, Liebau E, Brattig NW. Characterization of a secreted macrophage migration inhibitory factor homologue of the parasitic nematode Strongyloides acting at the parasite-host cell interface. Microbes Infect 2011; 14:279-89. [PMID: 22037391 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2011.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2011] [Revised: 09/01/2011] [Accepted: 09/28/2011] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Strongyloidiasis is a tropical parasitosis characterized by an alternation between free-living and parasitic stages, and by long-term infection via autoinfection. Since invasion and evasion processes of helminth parasites are substantially attained by the involvement of excretory-secretory products, we identified and characterized the 13.5 kDa macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF)-like protein in Strongyloides ratti. Sra-MIF is mainly secreted from the infective stage larvae (iL3), while the transcript was found at lower levels in parasitic and free-living females. Sequence analysis of the full-length cDNA showed the highest homology to the human pathogen Strongyloides stercoralis, and both are related to the MIF type-2. Unlike other mif genes, the Sra-mif includes no intron. The protein was recombinantly expressed in Escherichia coli and purified. Sra-MIF exhibited no in vitro tautomerase activity. The exposure of Sra-MIF to the host immune system is confirmed by high IgG reactivities found in the hosts' sera following infection or immunization. Flow cytometric analysis indicated the binding of Sra-MIF to the monocytes/macrophage lineage but not to peripheral lymphocytes. After exposure to Sra-MIF, monocytes released IL-10 but not TNF-alpha suggesting the involvement of the secreted parasite MIF in host immune responses.
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Critical role for macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) in Ross River virus-induced arthritis and myositis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2011; 108:12048-53. [PMID: 21730129 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1101089108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Arthrogenic alphaviruses, such as Ross River virus (RRV), chikungunya, Sindbis, mayaro and o'nyong-nyong viruses circulate endemically worldwide, frequently causing outbreaks of polyarthritis. The exact mechanisms of how alphaviruses induce polyarthritis remain ill defined, although macrophages are known to play a key role. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is an important cytokine involved in rheumatoid arthritis pathogenesis. Here, we characterize the role of MIF in alphavirus-induced arthritides using a mouse model of RRV-induced arthritis, which has many characteristics of RRV disease in humans. RRV-infected WT mice developed severe disease associated with up-regulated MIF expression in serum and tissues, which corresponded to severe inflammation and tissue damage. MIF-deficient (MIF(-/-)) mice developed mild disease accompanied by a reduction in inflammatory infiltrates and muscle destruction in the tissues, despite having viral titers similar to WT mice. In addition, reconstitution of MIF into MIF(-/-) mice exacerbated RRV disease and treatment of mice with MIF antagonist ameliorated disease in WT mice. Collectively, these findings suggest that MIF plays a critical role in determining the clinical severity of alphavirus-induced musculoskeletal disease and may provide a target for the development of antiviral pharmaceuticals. The prospect being that early treatment with MIF-blocking pharmaceuticals may curtail the debilitating arthritis associated with alphaviral infections.
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Santos LL, Fan H, Hall P, Ngo D, Mackay CR, Fingerle-Rowson G, Bucala R, Hickey MJ, Morand EF. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor regulates neutrophil chemotactic responses in inflammatory arthritis in mice. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 63:960-70. [PMID: 21452319 DOI: 10.1002/art.30203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) facilitates multiple aspects of inflammatory arthritis, the pathogenesis of which has been significantly linked to the activity of neutrophils. The effects of MIF on neutrophil recruitment are unknown. This study was undertaken to investigate the contribution of MIF to the regulation of neutrophil chemotactic responses. METHODS K/BxN serum-transfer arthritis was induced in wild-type (WT), MIF(-/-) , and monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP-1; CCL2)-deficient mice as well as in WT mice treated with monoclonal antibodies to cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant (anti-KC). Leukocyte trafficking in vivo was examined using intravital microscopy, and neutrophil function in vitro was examined using migration chambers and assessment of MAP kinase activation. RESULTS K/BxN serum-transfer arthritis was markedly attenuated in MIF(-/-) mice, with reductions in the clinical and histologic severity of arthritis and the synovial expression of KC and interleukin-1. Arthritis was also reduced by anti-KC antibody treatment, but not in MCP-1-deficient mice. In vivo, neutrophil recruitment responses to KC were reduced in MIF(-/-) mice. Similarly, MIF(-/-) mouse neutrophils exhibited reduced chemotactic responses to KC in vitro, despite displaying unaltered chemokine receptor expression. Reduced chemotactic responses of MIF(-/-) mouse neutrophils were associated with reduced phosphorylation of p38 and ERK MAP kinases. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that MIF promotes neutrophil trafficking in inflammatory arthritis via facilitation of chemokine-induced migratory responses and MAP kinase activation. Therapeutic MIF inhibition could limit synovial neutrophil recruitment.
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Macrophage migration inhibitory factor: a multifunctional cytokine in rheumatic diseases. ARTHRITIS 2010; 2010:106202. [PMID: 22046508 PMCID: PMC3195319 DOI: 10.1155/2010/106202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2010] [Revised: 12/04/2010] [Accepted: 12/21/2010] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) was originally identified in the culture medium of activated T lymphocytes as a soluble factor that inhibited the random migration of macrophages. MIF is now recognized to be a multipotent cytokine involved in the regulation of immune and inflammatory responses. Moreover, the pivotal nature of its involvement highlights the importance of MIF to the pathogenesis of various inflammatory disorders and suggests that blocking MIF may be a useful therapeutic strategy for treating these diseases. This paper discusses the function and expressional regulation of MIF in several rheumatic diseases and related conditions.
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Beaulieu E, Green L, Elsby L, Alourfi Z, Morand EF, Ray DW, Donn R. Identification of a novel cell type-specific intronic enhancer of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) and its regulation by mithramycin. Clin Exp Immunol 2010; 163:178-88. [PMID: 21087445 PMCID: PMC3043308 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2010.04289.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the genetic regulation of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF). DNase I hypersensitivity was used to identify potential hypersensitive sites (HS) across the MIF gene locus. Reporter gene assays were performed in different human cell lines with constructs containing the native or mutated HS element. Following phylogenetic and transcription factor binding profiling, electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) and RNA interference were performed and the effects of incubation with mithramycin, an antibiotic that binds GC boxes, were also studied. An HS centred on the first intron of MIF was identified. The HS acted as an enhancer in human T lymphoblasts (CEMC7A), human embryonic kidney cells (HEK293T) and human monocytic cells (THP-1), but not in a fibroblast-like synoviocyte (FLS) cell line (SW982) or cultured FLS derived from rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients. Two cis-elements within the first intron were found to be responsible for the enhancer activity. Mutation of the consensus Sp1 GC box on each cis-element abrogated enhancer activity and EMSA indicated Sp1 binding to one of the cis-elements contained in the intron. SiRNA knock-down of Sp1 alone or Sp1 and Sp3 together was incomplete and did not alter the enhancer activity. Mithramycin inhibited expression of MIF in CEMC7A cells. This effect was specific to the intronic enhancer and was not seen on the MIF promoter. These results identify a novel, cell type-specific enhancer of MIF. The enhancer appears to be driven by Sp1 or related Sp family members and is highly sensitive to inhibition via mithramycin.
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Toh ML, Gonzales G, Koenders MI, Tournadre A, Boyle D, Lubberts E, Zhou Y, Firestein GS, van den Berg WB, Miossec P. Role of interleukin 17 in arthritis chronicity through survival of synoviocytes via regulation of synoviolin expression. PLoS One 2010; 5:e13416. [PMID: 20976214 PMCID: PMC2955522 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0013416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2009] [Accepted: 08/12/2010] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of TNF inhibitors has been a major progress in the treatment of chronic inflammation. However, not all patients respond. In addition, response will be often lost when treatment is stopped. These clinical aspects indicate that other cytokines might be involved and we focus here on the role of IL-17. In addition, the chronic nature of joint inflammation may contribute to reduced response and enhanced chronicity. Therefore we studied the capacity of IL-17 to regulate synoviolin, an E3 ubiquitin ligase implicated in synovial hyperplasia in human rheumatoid arthritis (RA) FLS and in chronic reactivated streptococcal cell wall (SCW)-induced arthritis. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Chronic reactivated SCW-induced arthritis was examined in IL-17R deficient and wild-type mice. Synoviolin expression was analysed by real-time RT-PCR, Western Blot or immunostaining in RA FLS and tissue, and p53 assessed by Western Blot. Apoptosis was detected by annexin V/propidium iodide staining, SS DNA apoptosis ELISA kit or TUNEL staining and proliferation by PCNA staining. IL-17 receptor A (IL-17RA), IL-17 receptor C (IL-17-RC) or synoviolin inhibition were achieved by small interfering RNA (siRNA) or neutralizing antibodies. IL-17 induced sustained synoviolin expression in RA FLS. Sodium nitroprusside (SNP)-induced RA FLS apoptosis was associated with reduced synoviolin expression and was rescued by IL-17 treatment with a corresponding increase in synoviolin expression. IL-17RC or IL-17RA RNA interference increased SNP-induced apoptosis, and decreased IL-17-induced synoviolin. IL-17 rescued RA FLS from apoptosis induced by synoviolin knockdown. IL-17 and TNF had additive effects on synoviolin expression and protection against apoptosis induced by synoviolin knowndown. In IL-17R deficient mice, a decrease in arthritis severity was characterized by increased synovial apoptosis, reduced proliferation and a marked reduction in synoviolin expression. A distinct absence of synoviolin expressing germinal centres in IL-17R deficient mice contrasted with synoviolin positive B cells and Th17 cells in synovial germinal centre-like structures. CONCLUSION/SIGNIFICANCE IL-17 induction of synoviolin may contribute at least in part to RA chronicity by prolonging the survival of RA FLS and immune cells in germinal centre reactions. These results extend the role of IL-17 to synovial hyperplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myew-Ling Toh
- Research Unit Immunogenomics and Inflammation, EA 4130, Hospital Edouard Herriot, University of Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Gaelle Gonzales
- Research Unit Immunogenomics and Inflammation, EA 4130, Hospital Edouard Herriot, University of Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Marije I. Koenders
- Rheumatology Research and Advanced Therapeutics, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Anne Tournadre
- Research Unit Immunogenomics and Inflammation, EA 4130, Hospital Edouard Herriot, University of Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - David Boyle
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Erik Lubberts
- Rheumatology Research and Advanced Therapeutics, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Yuan Zhou
- Research Unit Immunogenomics and Inflammation, EA 4130, Hospital Edouard Herriot, University of Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Gary S. Firestein
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Wim B. van den Berg
- Rheumatology Research and Advanced Therapeutics, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Pierre Miossec
- Research Unit Immunogenomics and Inflammation, EA 4130, Hospital Edouard Herriot, University of Lyon, Lyon, France
- * E-mail:
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Ralph JA, Ahmed AU, Santos LL, Clark AR, McMorrow J, Murphy EP, Morand EF. Identification of NURR1 as a mediator of MIF signaling during chronic arthritis: effects on glucocorticoid-induced MKP1. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2010. [PMID: 20829434 DOI: 10.2353/ajpath.2010.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Elucidation of factors regulating glucocorticoid (GC) sensitivity is required for the development of "steroid-sparing" therapies for chronic inflammatory diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Accumulating evidence suggests that macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) counterregulates the GC-induction of anti-inflammatory mediators, including mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase 1 (MKP1), a critical mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling inhibitor. This observation has yet to be extended to human disease; the molecular mechanisms remain unknown. We investigated NURR1, a GC-responsive transcription factor overexpressed in RA, as a MIF signaling target. We reveal abrogation by recombinant MIF (rMIF) of GC-induced MKP1 expression in RA fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS). rMIF enhanced NURR1 expression, artificial NBRE (orphan receptor DNA-binding site) reporter transactivation, and reversed GC-inhibition of NURR1. NURR1 expression was reduced during experimental arthritis in MIF-/- synovium, and silencing MIF reduced RA FLS NURR1 mRNA. Consistent with NBRE identification on the MKP1 gene, MKP1 mRNA was reduced in FLS that ectopically express NURR1, and silencing NURR1 enhanced MKP1 mRNA in RA FLS. rMIF enhanced NBRE binding on the MKP1 gene, and the absence of the NBRE prevented NURR1-repressive effects on basal and GC-induced MKP1 transactivation. This study defines NURR1 as a novel MIF target in chronic inflammation and demonstrates a role for NURR1 in regulating the anti-inflammatory mediator, MKP1. We propose a MIF-NURR1 signaling axis as a regulator of the GC sensitivity of MKP1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A Ralph
- Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Monash University, Department of Medicine, Monash Medical Centre, 246 Clayton Rd, Clayton, Melbourne 3168, Australia
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Ralph JA, Ahmed AU, Santos LL, Clark AR, McMorrow J, Murphy EP, Morand EF. Identification of NURR1 as a mediator of MIF signaling during chronic arthritis: effects on glucocorticoid-induced MKP1. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2010; 177:2366-78. [PMID: 20829434 DOI: 10.2353/ajpath.2010.091204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Elucidation of factors regulating glucocorticoid (GC) sensitivity is required for the development of "steroid-sparing" therapies for chronic inflammatory diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Accumulating evidence suggests that macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) counterregulates the GC-induction of anti-inflammatory mediators, including mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase 1 (MKP1), a critical mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling inhibitor. This observation has yet to be extended to human disease; the molecular mechanisms remain unknown. We investigated NURR1, a GC-responsive transcription factor overexpressed in RA, as a MIF signaling target. We reveal abrogation by recombinant MIF (rMIF) of GC-induced MKP1 expression in RA fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS). rMIF enhanced NURR1 expression, artificial NBRE (orphan receptor DNA-binding site) reporter transactivation, and reversed GC-inhibition of NURR1. NURR1 expression was reduced during experimental arthritis in MIF-/- synovium, and silencing MIF reduced RA FLS NURR1 mRNA. Consistent with NBRE identification on the MKP1 gene, MKP1 mRNA was reduced in FLS that ectopically express NURR1, and silencing NURR1 enhanced MKP1 mRNA in RA FLS. rMIF enhanced NBRE binding on the MKP1 gene, and the absence of the NBRE prevented NURR1-repressive effects on basal and GC-induced MKP1 transactivation. This study defines NURR1 as a novel MIF target in chronic inflammation and demonstrates a role for NURR1 in regulating the anti-inflammatory mediator, MKP1. We propose a MIF-NURR1 signaling axis as a regulator of the GC sensitivity of MKP1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A Ralph
- Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Monash University, Department of Medicine, Monash Medical Centre, 246 Clayton Rd, Clayton, Melbourne 3168, Australia
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Kim HR, Park MK, Cho ML, Kim KW, Oh HJ, Park JS, Heo YM, Lee SH, Kim HY, Park SH. Induction of macrophage migration inhibitory factor in ConA-stimulated rheumatoid arthritis synovial fibroblasts through the P38 map kinase-dependent signaling pathway. Korean J Intern Med 2010; 25:317-26. [PMID: 20830230 PMCID: PMC2932946 DOI: 10.3904/kjim.2010.25.3.317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2010] [Revised: 04/20/2010] [Accepted: 05/24/2010] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS This study was undertaken to identify the intracellular signaling pathway involved in induction of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) in human rheumatoid arthritis (RA) synovial fibroblasts. METHODS Human RA synovial fibroblasts were treated with concanavalin A (ConA), various cytokines, and inhibitors of signal transduction molecules. The production of MIF by synovial fibroblasts was measured in culture supernatants by ELISA. The expression of MIF mRNA was determined using reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and real-time PCR. Phosphorylation of p38 mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase in synovial fibroblasts was confirmed using Western blotting. The expression of MIF and p38 MAP kinase in RA synovium was determined using dual immunohistochemistry. RESULTS The production of MIF by RA synovial fibroblasts increased in a dose-dependent manner after ConA stimulation. MIF was also induced by interferon-γ, CD40 ligand, interleukin-15, interleukin-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α, and transforming growth factor-β. The production of MIF by RA synovial fibroblasts was significantly reduced after inhibition of p38 MAP kinase. The expression of MIF and p38 MAP kinase was upregulated in the RA synovium compared with the osteoarthritis synovium. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that MIF production was induced through a p38 MAP-kinase-dependent pathway in RA synovial fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hae-Rim Kim
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Konkuk University School of Medicine Seoul, Korea
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Dunne DW, Shaw A, Bockenstedt LK, Allore HG, Chen S, Malawista SE, Leng L, Mizue Y, Piecychna M, Zhang L, Towle V, Bucala R, Montgomery RR, Fikrig E. Increased TLR4 expression and downstream cytokine production in immunosuppressed adults compared to non-immunosuppressed adults. PLoS One 2010; 5:e11343. [PMID: 20596538 PMCID: PMC2893205 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0011343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2010] [Accepted: 05/24/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND An increasing number of patients have medical conditions with altered host immunity or that require immunosuppressive medications. While immunosuppression is associated with increased risk of infection, the precise effect of immunosuppression on innate immunity is not well understood. We studied monocyte Toll-like receptor (TLR) expression and cytokine production in 137 patients with autoimmune diseases who were maintained on immunosuppressive medications and 419 non-immunosuppressed individuals. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Human peripheral blood monocytes were assessed for surface expression of TLRs 1, 2, and 4. After incubation with TLR agonists, in vitro production of the cytokines IL-8, TNFalpha, and MIF were measured by ELISA as a measure of TLR signaling efficiency and downstream effector responsiveness. Immunosuppressed patients had significantly higher TLR4 surface expression when compared to non-immunosuppressed adults (TLR4 %-positive 70.12+/-2.28 vs. 61.72+/-2.05, p = 0.0008). IL-8 and TNF-alpha baseline levels did not differ, but were significantly higher in the autoimmune disease group following TLR stimulation. By contrast, baseline MIF levels were elevated in monocytes from immunosuppressed individuals. By multivariable analyses, IL-8 and TNFalpha, but not MIF levels, were associated with the diagnosis of an underlying autoimmune disease. However, only MIF levels were significantly associated with the use of immunosuppressive medications. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE Our results reveal that an enhanced innate immune response is a feature of patients with autoimmune diseases treated with immunosuppressive agents. The increased risk for infection evident in this patient group may reflect a dysregulation rather than a simple suppression of innate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana W Dunne
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America.
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Cheng Q, McKeown SJ, Santos L, Santiago FS, Khachigian LM, Morand EF, Hickey MJ. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor increases leukocyte-endothelial interactions in human endothelial cells via promotion of expression of adhesion molecules. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2010; 185:1238-47. [PMID: 20554956 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.0904104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) has been shown to promote leukocyte-endothelial cell interactions, although whether this occurs via an effect on endothelial cell function remains unclear. Therefore, the aims of this study were to examine the ability of MIF expressed by endothelial cells to promote leukocyte adhesion and to investigate the effect of exogenous MIF on leukocyte-endothelial interactions. Using small interfering RNA to inhibit HUVEC MIF production, we found that MIF deficiency reduced the ability of TNF-stimulated HUVECs to support leukocyte rolling and adhesion under flow conditions. These reductions were associated with decreased expression of E-selectin, ICAM-1, VCAM-1, IL-8, and MCP-1. Inhibition of p38 MAPK had a similar effect on adhesion molecule expression, and p38 MAPK activation was reduced in MIF-deficient HUVECs, suggesting that MIF mediated these effects via promotion of p38 MAPK activation. In experiments examining the effect of exogenous MIF, application of MIF to resting HUVECs failed to induce leukocyte rolling and adhesion, whereas addition of MIF to TNF-treated HUVECs increased these interactions. This increase was independent of alterations in TNF-induced expression of E-selectin, VCAM-1, and ICAM-1. However, combined treatment with MIF and TNF induced de novo expression of P-selectin, which contributed to leukocyte rolling. In summary, these experiments reveal that endothelial cell-expressed MIF and exogenous MIF promote endothelial adhesive function via different pathways. Endogenous MIF promotes leukocyte recruitment via effects on endothelial expression of several adhesion molecules and chemokines, whereas exogenous MIF facilitates leukocyte recruitment induced by TNF by promoting endothelial P-selectin expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Cheng
- Department of Medicine, Monash Medical Centre, Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
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Akcali A, Pehlivan S, Pehlivan M, Sever T, Neyal M. Association of Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor Gene Promoter Polymorphisms with Multiple Sclerosis in Turkish Patients. J Int Med Res 2010; 38:69-77. [DOI: 10.1177/147323001003800108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Elevated levels of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) have been observed in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with multiple sclerosis. This study was designed to determine if MIF gene polymorphisms are associated with multiple sclerosis and disease severity. In total, 120 relapsing-remitting patients with multiple sclerosis and 120 control subjects were enrolled in the study. There was a statistically significant increase in the MIF −173 CC genotype in patients with multiple sclerosis compared with the control subjects. The MIF −794 6/7 genotype had a significantly lower progression index compared with MIF −794 6/6. Patients with the MIF −173 CC genotype had a significantly lower age of disease onset compared with those with the MIF −173 CG and MIF −173 GG genotypes. Additionally, patients with the MIF −794 5/6 genotype had a significantly later age of disease onset. This study indicates that the MIF −173 CC genotype may cause susceptibility to multiple sclerosis in the white Turkish population and a younger age of disease onset is associated with this polymorphism.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Akcali
- Department of Neurology, Gaziantep University Faculty of Medicine, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - S Pehlivan
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Gaziantep University Faculty of Medicine, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - M Pehlivan
- Department of Haematology, Gaziantep University Faculty of Medicine, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - T Sever
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Gaziantep University Faculty of Medicine, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - M Neyal
- Department of Neurology, Gaziantep University Faculty of Medicine, Gaziantep, Turkey
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Kawabata T, Nishida K, Takasugi K, Ogawa H, Sada K, Kadota Y, Inagaki J, Hirohata S, Ninomiya Y, Makino H. Increased activity and expression of histone deacetylase 1 in relation to tumor necrosis factor-alpha in synovial tissue of rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Res Ther 2010; 12:R133. [PMID: 20609223 PMCID: PMC2945023 DOI: 10.1186/ar3071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2009] [Revised: 05/16/2010] [Accepted: 07/07/2010] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The purpose of this study was to investigate the profile of histone deacetylase (HDAC) expression in the synovial tissue of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) compared with that of normal control and osteoarthritis (OA), and to examine whether there is a link between HDAC activity and synovial inflammation. METHODS HDAC activity and histone acetyltransferase (HAT) activity were determined in nuclear extracts of total synovial tissue surgically obtained from normal, OA and RA joints. The level of cytoplasmic tumor necrosis factor a (TNFα) fraction was measured by ELISA. Total RNA of synovial tissue was used for RT-PCR of HDAC1-8. In synovial fibroblasts from RA (RASFs), the effects of TNFα on nuclear HDAC activity and class I HDACs (1, 2, 3, 8) mRNA expressions were examined by quantitative real-time PCR. The protein expression and distribution of class I HDACs were examined by Western blotting. RESULTS Nuclear HDAC activity was significantly higher in RA than in OA and normal controls and correlated with the amount of cytoplasmic TNFα. The mRNA expression of HDAC1 in RA synovial tissue was higher than in OA and normal controls, and showed positive correlation with TNFα mRNA expression. The protein level of nuclear HDAC1 was higher in RA synovial tissue compared with OA synovial tissue. Stimulation with TNFα significantly increased the nuclear HDAC activity and HDAC1 mRNA expression at 24 hours and HDAC1 protein expression at 48 hours in RASFs. CONCLUSIONS Our results showed nuclear HDAC activity and expression of HDAC1 were significantly higher in RA than in OA synovial tissues, and they were upregulated by TNFα stimulation in RASFs. These data might provide important clues for the development of specific small molecule HDAC inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Kawabata
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Okayama City, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Keiichiro Nishida
- Department of Human Morphology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Okayama City, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Koji Takasugi
- Department of Medicine, Kurashiki Kosai Hospital, 5-4-16 Higashiduka, Kurashiki Okayama, 712-8044, Japan
| | - Hiroko Ogawa
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Okayama City, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Kenei Sada
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Okayama City, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Yasutaka Kadota
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Okayama City, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Junko Inagaki
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Okayama City, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Satoshi Hirohata
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Okayama City, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Ninomiya
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Okayama City, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Makino
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Okayama City, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
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Elsby LM, Donn R, Alourfi Z, Green LM, Beaulieu E, Ray DW. Hypoxia and glucocorticoid signaling converge to regulate macrophage migration inhibitory factor gene expression. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 60:2220-31. [PMID: 19644855 DOI: 10.1002/art.24659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is a proinflammatory mediator involved in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis. This study was undertaken to identify the MIF promoter elements responsible for regulating gene expression. METHODS Luciferase reporter gene assays were used to identify the MIF promoter sequence responsible for basal activity. Bioinformatic analysis was used to predict transcription factor binding sites, and electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) was used to demonstrate transcription factor binding. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) was used to demonstrate transcription factor loading on the MIF promoter. RESULTS We identified the minimal promoter sequence required for basal MIF promoter activity that was also capable of conferring glucocorticoid-dependent inhibition in a T lymphocyte model cell line. Deletion studies and EMSA revealed 2 elements in the MIF promoter that were responsible for basal promoter activity. The 5' element binds CREB/activating transcription factor 1, and the 3' element is a functional hypoxia-responsive element binding hypoxia-inducible factor 1alpha. Further studies demonstrated that the cis elements are both required for glucocorticoid-dependent inhibition. ChIP demonstrated glucocorticoid-dependent recruitment of glucocorticoid receptor alpha to the MIF promoter in lymphocytes within 1 hour of treatment and a concomitant decrease in acetylated histone H3. CONCLUSION Our findings indicate that hypoxia and glucocorticoid signaling converge on a single element regulating MIF; this regulatory unit is a potential interacting node for microenvironment sensing of oxygen tension and glucocorticoid action in foci of inflammation.
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Taranto E, Xue JR, Morand EF, Leech M. Modulation of expression and cellular distribution of p21 by macrophage migration inhibitory factor. JOURNAL OF INFLAMMATION-LONDON 2009; 6:24. [PMID: 19703290 PMCID: PMC2737671 DOI: 10.1186/1476-9255-6-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2009] [Accepted: 08/24/2009] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Background The pleiotropic protein MIF, (macrophage migration inhibitory factor), has been demonstrated to modulate several key proteins governing cell cycle control and is considered to contribute to cell growth and differentiation. In this study we investigated the effect of MIF on the expression and cellular distribution of the CDK inhibitor p21. Methods The effect of endogenous MIF on p21 expression and distribution was examined by comparing murine dermal fibroblasts derived from wt and MIF -/- mice. The effect of MIF on cell growth and apoptotic rates was compared using 3H-Thymidine incorporation assays and annexin V/PI assays respectively. Total p21 protein levels were compared using flow cytometry and western blotting. p21 mRNA was assessed by RT-PCR. Intracellular p21 staining was performed to assess cellular distribution of total protein. To further confirm observations siRNA was used to knockdown MIF protein in wt cells. Cell cycle analysis was performed using PI incorporation assays. Results MIF-/- murine dermal fibroblasts exhibited reduced proliferative responses and were more susceptible to apoptosis. This was associated with reduced p21 expression and nuclear distribution. Treatment with recombinant MIF protein was demonstrated to reduce both basal and induced apoptosis and increase nuclear p21 expression. Reduced nuclear p21 expression was also observed in MIF siRNA treated wt cells. Conclusion The results demonstrate that in the absence of MIF p21 expression and nuclear distribution is reduced which is associated with a reduction in cell growth and increased apoptosis. MIF may therefore play a role in maintaining homeostatic control of p21.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elliott Taranto
- Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Monash University Department of Medicine, Monash Medical Centre, Clayton, Melbourne, Australia.
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