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Arfaei R, Mikaeili N, Daj F, Boroumand A, Kheyri A, Yaraghi P, Shirzad Z, Keshavarz M, Hassanshahi G, Jafarzadeh A, Shahrokhi VM, Khorramdelazad H. Decoding the role of the CCL2/CCR2 axis in Alzheimer's disease and innovating therapeutic approaches: Keeping All options open. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 135:112328. [PMID: 38796962 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2024] [Revised: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), as a neurodegenerative disorder, distresses the elderly in large numbers and is characterized by β-amyloid (Aβ) accumulation, elevated tau protein levels, and chronic inflammation. The brain's immune system is aided by microglia and astrocytes, which produce chemokines and cytokines. Nevertheless, dysregulated expression can cause hyperinflammation and lead to neurodegeneration. CCL2/CCR2 chemokines are implicated in neurodegenerative diseases exacerbating. Inflicting damage on nerves and central nervous system (CNS) cells is the function of this axis, which recruits and migrates immune cells, including monocytes and macrophages. It has been shown that targeting the CCL2/CCR2 axis may be a therapeutic option for inflammatory diseases. Using the current knowledge about the involvement of the CCL2/CCR2 axis in the immunopathogenesis of AD, this comprehensive review synthesizes existing information. It also explores potential therapeutic options, including modulation of the CCL2/CCR2 axis as a possible strategy in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reyhaneh Arfaei
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Narges Mikaeili
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Daj
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Armin Boroumand
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Abbas Kheyri
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Pegah Yaraghi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Zahra Shirzad
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Keshavarz
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Gholamhossein Hassanshahi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Abdollah Jafarzadeh
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Vahid Mohammadi Shahrokhi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Hossein Khorramdelazad
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran.
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2
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Salnikova DI, Nikiforov NG, Postnov AY, Orekhov AN. Target Role of Monocytes as Key Cells of Innate Immunity in Rheumatoid Arthritis. Diseases 2024; 12:81. [PMID: 38785736 PMCID: PMC11119903 DOI: 10.3390/diseases12050081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2024] [Revised: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic, systemic, and inflammatory autoimmune condition characterized by synovitis, pannus formation (with adjacent bone erosion), and joint destruction. In the perpetuation of RA, fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLSs), macrophages, B cells, and CD4+ T-cells-specifically Th1 and Th17 cells-play crucial roles. Additionally, dendritic cells, neutrophils, mast cells, and monocytes contribute to the disease progression. Monocytes, circulating cells primarily derived from the bone marrow, participate in RA pathogenesis. Notably, CCR2 interacts with CCL2, and CX3CR1 (expressed by monocytes) cooperates with CX3CL1 (produced by FLSs), facilitating the migration involved in RA. Canonical "classical" monocytes predominantly acquire the phenotype of an "intermediate" subset, which differentially expresses proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF) and surface markers (CD14, CD16, HLA-DR, TLRs, and β1- and β2-integrins). However, classical monocytes have greater potential to differentiate into osteoclasts, which contribute to bone resorption in the inflammatory milieu; in RA, Th17 cells stimulate FLSs to produce RANKL, triggering osteoclastogenesis. This review aims to explore the monocyte heterogeneity, plasticity, antigenic expression, and their differentiation into macrophages and osteoclasts. Additionally, we investigate the monocyte migration into the synovium and the role of their cytokines in RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana I. Salnikova
- Laboratory of Oncoproteomics, Department of Experimental Tumor Biology, Institute of Carcinogenesis, Blokhin N.N. National Medical Research Center of Oncology, 24 Kashirskoe Highway, 115522 Moscow, Russia
| | - Nikita G. Nikiforov
- Laboratory of Angiopathology, The Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, 8 Baltiyskaya Street, 125315 Moscow, Russia; (N.G.N.); (A.N.O.)
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pathology of Cardiovascular System, Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery”, 3 Tsyurupa Street, 117418 Moscow, Russia;
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 34/5 Vavilova Street, 119334 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anton Y. Postnov
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pathology of Cardiovascular System, Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery”, 3 Tsyurupa Street, 117418 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Alexander N. Orekhov
- Laboratory of Angiopathology, The Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, 8 Baltiyskaya Street, 125315 Moscow, Russia; (N.G.N.); (A.N.O.)
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pathology of Cardiovascular System, Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery”, 3 Tsyurupa Street, 117418 Moscow, Russia;
- Institute for Atherosclerosis Research, Osennyaya Street 4-1-207, 121609 Moscow, Russia
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3
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Dawson JRD, Wadman GM, Zhang P, Tebben A, Carter PH, Gu S, Shroka T, Borrega-Roman L, Salanga CL, Handel TM, Kufareva I. Molecular determinants of antagonist interactions with chemokine receptors CCR2 and CCR5. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.11.15.567150. [PMID: 38014122 PMCID: PMC10680698 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.15.567150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
By driving monocyte chemotaxis, the chemokine receptor CCR2 shapes inflammatory responses and the formation of tumor microenvironments. This makes it a promising target in inflammation and immuno-oncology; however, despite extensive efforts, there are no FDA-approved CCR2-targeting therapeutics. Cited challenges include the redundancy of the chemokine system, suboptimal properties of compound candidates, and species differences that confound the translation of results from animals to humans. Structure-based drug design can rationalize and accelerate the discovery and optimization of CCR2 antagonists to address these challenges. The prerequisites for such efforts include an atomic-level understanding of the molecular determinants of action of existing antagonists. In this study, using molecular docking and artificial-intelligence-powered compound library screening, we uncover the structural principles of small molecule antagonism and selectivity towards CCR2 and its sister receptor CCR5. CCR2 orthosteric inhibitors are shown to universally occupy an inactive-state-specific tunnel between receptor helices 1 and 7; we also discover an unexpected role for an extra-helical groove accessible through this tunnel, suggesting its potential as a new targetable interface for CCR2 and CCR5 modulation. By contrast, only shape complementarity and limited helix 8 hydrogen bonding govern the binding of various chemotypes of allosteric antagonists. CCR2 residues S1012.63 and V2446.36 are implicated as determinants of CCR2/CCR5 and human/mouse orthosteric and allosteric antagonist selectivity, respectively, and the role of S1012.63 is corroborated through experimental gain-of-function mutagenesis. We establish a critical role of induced fit in antagonist recognition, reveal strong chemotype selectivity of existing structures, and demonstrate the high predictive potential of a new deep-learning-based compound scoring function. Finally, this study expands the available CCR2 structural landscape with computationally generated chemotype-specific models well-suited for structure-based antagonist design.
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Affiliation(s)
- John R D Dawson
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Grant M Wadman
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Percy H Carter
- Bristol Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, NJ, USA
- (current affiliation) Blueprint Medicines, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Siyi Gu
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- (current affiliation) Lycia Therapeutics, South San Francisco, CA
| | - Thomas Shroka
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- (current affiliation) Avidity Biosciences Inc., San Diego, CA
| | - Leire Borrega-Roman
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Catherina L Salanga
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Tracy M Handel
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Irina Kufareva
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
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4
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Jung JY, Ahn MH, Kim JW, Suh CH, Han JH, Kim HA. Association between CCR2 and CCL2 expression and NET stimulation in adult-onset Still's disease. Sci Rep 2023; 13:12218. [PMID: 37500699 PMCID: PMC10374521 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-39517-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Adult-onset Still's disease (AOSD) is a systemic inflammatory disease characterized by the activation of monocyte-derived cells and the release of neutrophil extracellular traps (NET). C-C motif ligand (CCL) 2 is a chemoattractant that interacts with the C-C motif chemokine receptor (CCR) 2, resulting in monocyte recruitment and activation. CCL2 and CCR2 were measured with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) at the serum level, and using immunohistochemical staining at the skin and lymph node tissues levels. THP-1 cell lysates were analyzed using western blot and ELISA after NET stimulation in patients with AOSD. Serum CCL2 level was higher in patients with AOSD than in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and healthy controls (HCs). In patients with AOSD, the percentage of CCL2-positive inflammatory cells in the skin tissues and CCR2-positive inflammatory cells in the lymph nodes increased, compared to that in HCs and in patients with reactive lymphadenopathy, respectively. NET induced in patients with AOSD enhanced the secretion of CCR2, higher CCR2 expression in monocytes, and the levels of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and IL-18 from THP-1 cells. Our findings suggest that upregulation of the CCL2-CCR2 axis may contribute to the clinical and inflammatory characteristics of AOSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju-Yang Jung
- Department of Rheumatology, Ajou University School of Medicine, 164, World Cup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Hyun Ahn
- Department of Rheumatology, Ajou University School of Medicine, 164, World Cup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Won Kim
- Department of Rheumatology, Ajou University School of Medicine, 164, World Cup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Hee Suh
- Department of Rheumatology, Ajou University School of Medicine, 164, World Cup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Ho Han
- Department of Pathology, Ajou University School of Medicine, 164, World Cup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, 16499, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyoun-Ah Kim
- Department of Rheumatology, Ajou University School of Medicine, 164, World Cup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, 16499, Republic of Korea.
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5
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Toya M, Zhang N, Tsubosaka M, Kushioka J, Gao Q, Li X, Chow SKH, Goodman SB. CCL2 promotes osteogenesis by facilitating macrophage migration during acute inflammation. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1213641. [PMID: 37457301 PMCID: PMC10348816 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1213641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Novel minimally invasive strategies are needed to obtain robust bone healing in complex fractures and bone defects in the elderly population. Local cell therapy is one potential option for future treatment. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are not only involved in osteogenesis but also help direct the recruitment of macrophages during bone regeneration via MSC-macrophage crosstalk. The C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) is an inflammatory chemokine that is associated with the migration of macrophages and MSCs during inflammation. This study investigated the use of CCL2 as a therapeutic target for local cell therapy. MSCs and macrophages were isolated from 10 to 12 week-old BALB/c male mice. Genetically modified CCL2 over-expressing MSCs were produced using murine CCL2-secreting pCDH-CMV-mCCL2-copGFP expressing lentivirus vector. Osteogenic differentiation assays were performed using MSCs with or without macrophages in co-culture. Cell migration assays were also performed. MSCs transfected with murine CCL2-secreting pCDH-CMV-mCCL2-copGFP expressing lentivirus vector showed higher levels of CCL2 secretion compared to unaltered MSCs (p < 0.05). Genetic manipulation did not affect cell proliferation. CCL2 did not affect the osteogenic ability of MSCs alone. However, acute (1 day) but not sustained (7 days) stimulation with CCL2 increased the alizarin red-positive area when MSCs were co-cultured with macrophages (p < 0.001). Both recombinant CCL2 (p < 0.05) and CCL2 released from MSCs (p < 0.05) facilitated macrophage migration. We demonstrated that acute CCL2 stimulation promoted subsequent osteogenesis in co-culture of MSCs and macrophages. Acute CCL2 stimulation potentially facilitates osteogenesis during the acute inflammatory phase of bone healing by directing local macrophage migration, fostering macrophage-MSC crosstalk, and subsequently, by activating or licensing of MSCs by macrophage pro-inflammatory cytokines. The combination of CCL2, MSCs, and macrophages could be a potential strategy for local cell therapy in compromised bone healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masakazu Toya
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Ning Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Masanori Tsubosaka
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Junichi Kushioka
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Qi Gao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Xueping Li
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Simon Kwoon-Ho Chow
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Stuart B. Goodman
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
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6
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Gschwandtner M, Gammage AN, Deligne C, Mies LFM, Domaingo A, Murdamoothoo D, Loustau T, Schwenzer A, Derler R, Carapito R, Koch M, Mörgelin M, Orend G, Kungl AJ, Midwood KS. Investigating Chemokine-Matrix Networks in Breast Cancer: Tenascin-C Sets the Tone for CCL2. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:8365. [PMID: 37176074 PMCID: PMC10179296 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Bidirectional dialogue between cellular and non-cellular components of the tumor microenvironment (TME) drives cancer survival. In the extracellular space, combinations of matrix molecules and soluble mediators provide external cues that dictate the behavior of TME resident cells. Often studied in isolation, integrated cues from complex tissue microenvironments likely function more cohesively. Here, we study the interplay between the matrix molecule tenascin-C (TNC) and chemokine CCL2, both elevated in and associated with the progression of breast cancer and playing key roles in myeloid immune responses. We uncover a correlation between TNC/CCL2 tissue levels in HER2+ breast cancer and examine the physical and functional interactions of these molecules in a murine disease model with tunable TNC levels and in in vitro cellular and cell-free models. TNC supported sustained CCL2 synthesis, with chemokine binding to TNC via two distinct domains. TNC dominated the behavior of tumor-resident myeloid cells; CCL2 did not impact macrophage survival/activation whilst TNC facilitated an immune suppressive macrophage phenotype that was not dependent on or altered by CCL2 co-expression. Together, these data map new binding partners within the TME and demonstrate that whilst the matrix exerts transcriptional control over the chemokine, each plays a distinct role in subverting anti-tumoral immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anís N. Gammage
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FY, UK
| | - Claire Deligne
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FY, UK
| | - Linda F. M. Mies
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FY, UK
| | - Alissa Domaingo
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Devardarssen Murdamoothoo
- INSERM U1109-MN3T, The Microenvironmental Niche in Tumorigenesis and Targeted Therapy, 67091 Strasbourg, France
- University of Strasbourg, 67091 Strasbourg, France
- Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), 67091 Strasbourg, France
- INSERM U1109, The Tumor Microenvironment Group, 67091 Strasbourg, France
| | - Thomas Loustau
- INSERM U1109-MN3T, The Microenvironmental Niche in Tumorigenesis and Targeted Therapy, 67091 Strasbourg, France
- University of Strasbourg, 67091 Strasbourg, France
- Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), 67091 Strasbourg, France
- INSERM U1109, The Tumor Microenvironment Group, 67091 Strasbourg, France
| | - Anja Schwenzer
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FY, UK
| | - Rupert Derler
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Raphael Carapito
- Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), 67091 Strasbourg, France
- Laboratoire d’ImmunoRhumatologie Moléculaire, GENOMAX Platform, INSERM UMR_S 1109, Faculté de Médecine, Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire OMICARE, ITI TRANSPLANTEX NG, Université de Strasbourg, 67091 Strasbourg, France
| | - Manuel Koch
- Institute for Dental Research and Oral, Musculoskeletal Research, Center for Biochemistry, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Gertraud Orend
- INSERM U1109-MN3T, The Microenvironmental Niche in Tumorigenesis and Targeted Therapy, 67091 Strasbourg, France
- University of Strasbourg, 67091 Strasbourg, France
- Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), 67091 Strasbourg, France
- INSERM U1109, The Tumor Microenvironment Group, 67091 Strasbourg, France
| | - Andreas J. Kungl
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Kim S. Midwood
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FY, UK
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7
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Maleitzke T, Dietrich T, Hildebrandt A, Weber J, Appelt J, Jahn D, Otto E, Zocholl D, Jiang S, Baranowsky A, Duda GN, Tsitsilonis S, Keller J. Inactivation of the gene encoding procalcitonin prevents antibody-mediated arthritis. Inflamm Res 2023; 72:1069-1081. [PMID: 37039837 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-023-01719-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Procalcitonin (PCT) is applied as a sensitive biomarker to exclude bacterial infections in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) flare-ups. Beyond its diagnostic value, little is known about the pathophysiological role of PCT in RA. METHODS Collagen antibody-induced arthritis (CAIA) was induced in Calca-deficient mice (Calca-/-), lacking PCT (n = 15), and wild-type (WT) mice (n = 13), while control (CTRL) animals (n = 8 for each genotype) received phosphate-buffered saline. Arthritis severity and grip strength were assessed daily for 10 or 48 days. Articular inflammation, cartilage degradation, and bone lesions were assessed by histology, gene expression analysis, and µ-computed tomography. RESULTS Serum PCT levels and intra-articular PCT expression increased following CAIA induction. While WT animals developed a full arthritic phenotype, Calca-deficient mice were protected from clinical and histological signs of arthritis and grip strength was preserved. Cartilage turnover markers and Tnfa were exclusively elevated in WT mice. Calca-deficient animals expressed increased levels of Il1b. Decreased bone surface and increased subchondral bone porosity were observed in WT mice, while Calca-deficiency preserved bone integrity. CONCLUSION The inactivation of Calca and thereby PCT provided full protection from joint inflammation and arthritic bone loss in mice exposed to CAIA. Together with our previous findings on the pathophysiological function of Calca-derived peptides, these data indicate an independent pro-inflammatory role of PCT in RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tazio Maleitzke
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Julius Wolff Institute, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, BIH Biomedical Innovation Academy, BIH Charité Clinician Scientist Program, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tamara Dietrich
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Julius Wolff Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Alexander Hildebrandt
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Julius Wolff Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jérôme Weber
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Julius Wolff Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jessika Appelt
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Julius Wolff Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Denise Jahn
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Julius Wolff Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ellen Otto
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Julius Wolff Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dario Zocholl
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Biometry and Clinical Epidemiology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Shan Jiang
- University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Department of Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Anke Baranowsky
- University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Department of Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Georg N Duda
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Julius Wolff Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Serafeim Tsitsilonis
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Julius Wolff Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Johannes Keller
- University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Department of Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery, Hamburg, Germany.
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8
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Chen W, Fang Y, Wang H, Tan X, Zhu X, Xu Z, Jiang H, Wu X, Hong W, Wang X, Tu J, Wei W. Role of chemokine receptor 2 in rheumatoid arthritis: A research update. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 116:109755. [PMID: 36724626 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.109755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a multisystemic and inflammatory autoimmune disease characterized by joint destruction. The C-C motif chemokine receptor 2 (CCR2) is mainly expressed in monocytes and T cells, initiating their migration to sites of inflammation, ultimately leading to cartilage damage and bone destruction. CCR2 has long been considered a prospective target for treating autoimmune diseases. However, clinical studies on inhibitors or neutralizing antibodies against CCR2 in RA have exhibited limited efficacy. Recent evidence indicates that CCR2 may play different roles in RA. Hence, a comprehensive understanding regarding the role of CCR2 may facilitate the development of targeted drugs and provide novel insights for improving CCL2-mediated inflammatory diseases. This review summarizes the biological characteristics of CCR2, the related signaling pathways, and recent developments in CCR2-targeting therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weile Chen
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Yilong Fang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Huihui Wang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Xuewen Tan
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Xiangling Zhu
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Zhen Xu
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Haifeng Jiang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Xuming Wu
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Wenming Hong
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xinming Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Jiajie Tu
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Hefei, China.
| | - Wei Wei
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Hefei, China.
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9
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Murayama MA, Shimizu J, Miyabe C, Yudo K, Miyabe Y. Chemokines and chemokine receptors as promising targets in rheumatoid arthritis. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1100869. [PMID: 36860872 PMCID: PMC9968812 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1100869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease that commonly causes inflammation and bone destruction in multiple joints. Inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-6 and TNF-α, play important roles in RA development and pathogenesis. Biological therapies targeting these cytokines have revolutionized RA therapy. However, approximately 50% of the patients are non-responders to these therapies. Therefore, there is an ongoing need to identify new therapeutic targets and therapies for patients with RA. In this review, we focus on the pathogenic roles of chemokines and their G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) in RA. Inflamed tissues in RA, such as the synovium, highly express various chemokines to promote leukocyte migration, tightly controlled by chemokine ligand-receptor interactions. Because the inhibition of these signaling pathways results in inflammatory response regulation, chemokines and their receptors could be promising targets for RA therapy. The blockade of various chemokines and/or their receptors has yielded prospective results in preclinical trials using animal models of inflammatory arthritis. However, some of these strategies have failed in clinical trials. Nonetheless, some blockades showed promising results in early-phase clinical trials, suggesting that chemokine ligand-receptor interactions remain a promising therapeutic target for RA and other autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanori A Murayama
- Department of Animal Models for Human Diseases, Institute of Biomedical Science, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Jun Shimizu
- Department of Immunology and Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Chie Miyabe
- Department of Frontier Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kazuo Yudo
- Department of Frontier Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yoshishige Miyabe
- Department of Immunology and Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
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10
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Ranjbar M, Rahimi A, Baghernejadan Z, Ghorbani A, Khorramdelazad H. Role of CCL2/CCR2 axis in the pathogenesis of COVID-19 and possible Treatments: All options on the Table. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 113:109325. [PMID: 36252475 PMCID: PMC9561120 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is cause of the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19). In the last two years, SARS-CoV-2 has infected millions of people worldwide with different waves, resulting in the death of many individuals. The evidence disclosed that the host immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 play a pivotal role in COVID-19 pathogenesis and clinical manifestations. In addition to inducing antiviral immune responses, SARS-CoV-2 can also cause dysregulated inflammatory responses characterized by the noticeable release of proinflammatory mediators in COVID-19 patients. Among these proinflammatory mediators, chemokines are considered a subset of cytokines that participate in the chemotaxis process to recruit immune and non-immune cells to the site of inflammation and infection. Researchers have demonstrated that monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1/CCL2) and its receptor (CCR2) are involved in the recruitment of monocytes and infiltration of these cells into the lungs of patients suffering from COVID-19. Moreover, elevated levels of CCL2 have been reported in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) obtained from patients with severe COVID-19, initiating cytokine storm and promoting CD163+ myeloid cells infiltration in the airways and further alveolar damage. Therefore, CCL2/CCR axis plays a key role in the immunopathogenesis of COVID-19 and targeted therapy of involved molecules in this axis can be a potential therapeutic approach for these patients. This review discusses the biology of the CCL2/CCR2 axis as well as the role of this axis in COVID-19 immunopathogenesis, along with therapeutic options aimed at inhibiting CCL2/CCR2 and modulating dysregulated inflammatory responses in patients with severe SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitra Ranjbar
- Department of Infectious Disease, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Rahimi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zeinab Baghernejadan
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Atousa Ghorbani
- Department of Biology, East Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Khorramdelazad
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran,Corresponding author at: Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
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11
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Mursalin MH, Astley R, Coburn PS, Miller FC, Callegan MC. Roles of CCL2 and CCL3 in intraocular inflammation during Bacillus endophthalmitis. Exp Eye Res 2022; 224:109213. [PMID: 36063964 PMCID: PMC9826602 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2022.109213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Bacillus cereus (B. cereus) endophthalmitis is a vision-threatening bacterial infection. Uncontrolled inflammatory responses are the hallmark of this disease which cause irreversible damage to the retina. We recently reported C-X-C chemokines as a vital modulators which impacted the pathogenesis of this disease. Here, we investigated the impact of two highly upregulated C-C chemokines, CCL2 and CCL3, on intraocular inflammation this disease. B. cereus was injected into the eyes of C57BL/6J (WT), CCL2-/-, and CCL3-/- mice to induce endophthalmitis. Infected eyes were examined for bacterial growth, retinal function, and inflammation. Bacterial growth in CCL2-/- and CCL3-/- mice were similar, but retained retinal function was greater in CCL2-/- and CCL3-/- eyes compared to that of C57BL/6J eyes. The retinal architecture of infected eyes of CCL2-/- mice were conserved for a longer period of time than in infected CCL3-/- eyes. Infected CCL2-/- and CCL3-/- eyes had less inflammation than did infected C57BL/6J eyes. Based on these results, we assessed the efficacies of intravitreal anti-CCL2 or anti-CCL3 with or without the antibiotic gatifloxacin. Compared to infected untreated eyes, there was significantly less inflammation and greater retention of retinal function in eyes treated with anti-CCL2 or anti-CCL3 with gatifloxacin. This study showed that B. cereus endophthalmitis in CCL2-/- mice had a better clinical outcome than in CCL3-/- mice. Intravitreal administration of anti-CCL2 and anti-CCL3 with gatifloxacin significantly reduced inflammation and provided protection of retinal function. These results suggest that CCL2 and CCL3 are prospective anti-inflammatory targets that should be tested along with other antibiotics for treating Bacillus and perhaps other forms of endophthalmitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Huzzatul Mursalin
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Roger Astley
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
- Dean McGee Eye Institute, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Phillip S. Coburn
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
- Dean McGee Eye Institute, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Frederick C. Miller
- Department of Cell Biology and Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Michelle C. Callegan
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
- Dean McGee Eye Institute, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
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12
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Na HS, Lee SY, Lee DH, Woo JS, Choi SY, Cho KH, Kim SA, Go EJ, Lee AR, Choi JW, Kim SJ, Cho ML. Soluble CCR2 gene therapy controls joint inflammation, cartilage damage, and the progression of osteoarthritis by targeting MCP-1 in a monosodium iodoacetate (MIA)-induced OA rat model. J Transl Med 2022; 20:428. [PMID: 36138477 PMCID: PMC9503236 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-022-03515-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common type of degenerative arthritis and affects the entire joint, causing pain, joint inflammation, and cartilage damage. Various risk factors are implicated in causing OA, and in recent years, a lot of research and interest have been directed toward chronic low-grade inflammation in OA. Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1; also called CCL2) acts through C–C chemokine receptor type 2 (CCR2) in monocytes and is a chemotactic factor of monocytes that plays an important role in the initiation of inflammation. The targeting of CCL2–CCR2 is being studied as part of various topics including the treatment of OA. Methods In this study, we evaluated the potential therapeutic effects the sCCR2 E3 gene may exert on OA. The effects of sCCR2 E3 were investigated in animal experiments consisting of intra-articular injection of sCCR2 E3 in a monosodium iodoacetate (MIA)-induced OA rat model. The effects after intra-articular injection of sCCR2 E3 (fusion protein encoding 20 amino acids of the E3 domain of the CCL2 receptor) in a monosodium iodoacetate-induced OA rat model were compared to those in rats treated with empty vector (mock treatment) and full-length sCCR2. Results Pain improved with expression of the sCCR2 gene. Improved bone resorption upon sCCR2 E3 gene activation was confirmed via bone analyses using micro-computed tomography. Histologic analyses showed that the sCCR2 E3 gene exerted protective effects against cartilage damage and anti-inflammatory effects on joints and the intestine. Conclusions These results show that sCCR2 E3 therapy is effective in reducing pain severity, inhibiting cartilage destruction, and suppressing intestinal damage and inflammation. Thus, sCCR2 E3 may be a potential therapy for OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Sik Na
- Lab of Translational ImmunoMedicine, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222, Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Seon-Yeong Lee
- Lab of Translational ImmunoMedicine, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Hwan Lee
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 271, Cheonbo-Ro, Uijeongbu-si, Gyeonggi-do, 11765, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Seok Woo
- Lab of Translational ImmunoMedicine, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Si-Young Choi
- Lab of Translational ImmunoMedicine, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Keun-Hyung Cho
- Lab of Translational ImmunoMedicine, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222, Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Seon Ae Kim
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 271, Cheonbo-Ro, Uijeongbu-si, Gyeonggi-do, 11765, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Jeong Go
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 271, Cheonbo-Ro, Uijeongbu-si, Gyeonggi-do, 11765, Republic of Korea
| | - A Ram Lee
- Lab of Translational ImmunoMedicine, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222, Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Won Choi
- Lab of Translational ImmunoMedicine, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok Jung Kim
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 271, Cheonbo-Ro, Uijeongbu-si, Gyeonggi-do, 11765, Republic of Korea.
| | - Mi-La Cho
- Lab of Translational ImmunoMedicine, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222, Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Medical Lifescience, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 222, Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea.
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13
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Schaefer REM, Callahan RC, Atif SM, Orlicky DJ, Cartwright IM, Fontenot AP, Colgan SP, Onyiah JC. Disruption of monocyte-macrophage differentiation and trafficking by a heme analog during active inflammation. Mucosal Immunol 2022; 15:244-256. [PMID: 34916594 PMCID: PMC8881314 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-021-00474-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Heme metabolism is a key regulator of inflammatory responses. Cobalt protoporphyrin IX (CoPP) is a heme analog and mimic that potently activates the NRF2/heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) pathway, especially in monocytes and macrophages. We investigated the influence of CoPP on inflammatory responses using a murine model of colitis. Surprisingly, conditional deletion of myeloid HO-1 did not impact the colonic inflammatory response or the protective influence of CoPP in the setting of dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis. Rather, we reveal that CoPP elicits a contradictory shift in blood myeloid populations relative to the colon during active intestinal inflammation. Major population changes include markedly diminished trafficking of CCR2+Ly6Chi monocytes to the inflamed colon, despite significant mobilization of this population into circulation. This resulted in significantly diminished colonic expansion of monocyte-derived macrophages and inflammatory cytokine expression. These findings were linked with significant induction of systemic CCL2 leading to a disrupted CCL2 chemoattractant gradient toward the colon and concentration-dependent suppression of circulating monocyte CCR2 expression. Administration of CoPP also induced macrophage differentiation toward a MarcohiHmox1hi anti-inflammatory erythrophagocytic phenotype, contributing to an overall decreased inflammatory profile. Such findings redefine protective influences of heme metabolism during inflammation, and highlight previously unreported immunosuppressive mechanisms of endogenous CCL2 induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel E. M. Schaefer
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO,Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO,Rocky Mountain Regional Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Aurora, CO
| | - Rosemary C. Callahan
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO,Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO,Rocky Mountain Regional Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Aurora, CO
| | - Shaikh M. Atif
- Division of Allergy, Asthma and Clinical Immunology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
| | - David J. Orlicky
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
| | - Ian M. Cartwright
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO,Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO,Rocky Mountain Regional Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Aurora, CO
| | - Andrew P. Fontenot
- Division of Allergy, Asthma and Clinical Immunology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
| | - Sean P. Colgan
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO,Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO,Rocky Mountain Regional Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Aurora, CO
| | - Joseph C. Onyiah
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO,Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO,Rocky Mountain Regional Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Aurora, CO, Corresponding author: Joseph C. Onyiah, M.D., University of Colorado School of Medicine, Rocky Mountain Regional VA Medical Center, 12700 East 19th Ave. MS B-146, Aurora, CO 80045,
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14
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Maleitzke T, Hildebrandt A, Dietrich T, Appelt J, Jahn D, Otto E, Zocholl D, Baranowsky A, Duda GN, Tsitsilonis S, Keller J. The calcitonin receptor protects against bone loss and excessive inflammation in collagen antibody-induced arthritis. iScience 2022; 25:103689. [PMID: 35036874 PMCID: PMC8753130 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.103689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Pharmacological application of teleost calcitonin (CT) has been shown to exert chondroprotective and anti-resorptive effects in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, the role of endogenous CT that signals through the calcitonin receptor (CTR) remains elusive. Collagen II antibody-induced arthritis (CAIA) was stimulated in wild type (WT) and CTR-deficient (Calcr−/−) mice. Animals were monitored over 10 or 48 days. Joint inflammation, cartilage degradation, and bone erosions were assessed by clinical arthritis score, histology, histomorphometry, gene expression analysis, and μ-computed tomography. CAIA was accompanied by elevated systemic CT levels and CTR expression in the articular cartilage. Inflammation, cartilage degradation, and systemic bone loss were more pronounced in Calcr−/− CAIA mice. Expression of various pro-inflammatory, bone resorption, and catabolic cartilage markers were exclusively increased in Calcr−/− CAIA mice. Endogenous CT signaling through the mammalian CTR has the potential to protect against joint inflammation, cartilage degradation, and excessive bone remodeling in experimental RA. CT levels are increased systemically during acute experimental RA CTR is primarily expressed in the superficial articular cartilage layer in CAIA In CAIA CTR-deficiency is associated with increased inflammation marker expression Bone architecture is impaired in experimental RA when CTR signaling is disrupted
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Affiliation(s)
- Tazio Maleitzke
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, 13353 Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Julius Wolff Institute, 13353 Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, BIH Biomedical Innovation Academy, BIH Charité Clinician Scientist Program, 10178 Berlin, Germany
| | - Alexander Hildebrandt
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, 13353 Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Julius Wolff Institute, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Tamara Dietrich
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, 13353 Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Julius Wolff Institute, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jessika Appelt
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, 13353 Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Julius Wolff Institute, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Denise Jahn
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, 13353 Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Julius Wolff Institute, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ellen Otto
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, 13353 Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Julius Wolff Institute, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Dario Zocholl
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Biometry and Clinical Epidemiology, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Anke Baranowsky
- Department of Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Georg N. Duda
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Julius Wolff Institute, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Serafeim Tsitsilonis
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, 13353 Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Julius Wolff Institute, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Johannes Keller
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, BIH Biomedical Innovation Academy, BIH Charité Clinician Scientist Program, 10178 Berlin, Germany
- Department of Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
- Corresponding author
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15
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Hori Y, Ohmine K, Katada H, Noguchi Y, Sato K, Nambu T, Adeline LR, Wan GS, Haraya K, Ozeki K, Nanami M, Tachibana T, Sampei Z, Kuramochi T, Nezu J, Hattori K, Igawa T. Elimination of plasma soluble antigen in cynomolgus monkeys by combining pH-dependent antigen binding and novel Fc engineering. MAbs 2022; 14:2068213. [PMID: 35482905 PMCID: PMC9067469 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2022.2068213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
A conventional antibody targeting a soluble antigen in circulation typically requires a huge dosage and frequent intravenous administration to neutralize the antigen. This is because antigen degradation is reduced by the formation of antigen–antibody immune complexes, which escape from lysosomal degradation using neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn)-mediated recycling. To address this, we developed an antigen-sweeping antibody that combines pH-dependent antigen binding and Fc engineering to enhance Fc receptor binding. The sweeping antibody actively eliminates the plasma antigens by increasing the cellular uptake of the immune complex and dissociating the antigens in the acidic endosome for degradation. Strong antigen sweeping can reduce the dosage, potentially achieve higher efficacy, and expand the scope of antigen space available for targeting by antibodies. In this study, to further improve the sweeping efficacy, we developed a novel antibody Fc variant by enhancing Fcγ receptor IIb (FcγRIIb) binding and modulating charge characteristics for increased cellular uptake of the immune complex, together with enhancing FcRn binding for efficient salvage of the antigen-free antibodies. Our Fc variant achieved strong antigen sweeping in cynomolgus monkeys with antibody pharmacokinetics comparable to a wild-type human IgG1 antibody. The positive-charge substitutions enhanced uptake of the immune complex by FcγRIIb-expressing cells in vitro, which was completely inhibited by an anti-FcγRIIb antibody. This suggests that the strong in vivo sweeping efficacy improved by the charge engineering is more likely achieved by FcγRIIb-dependent uptake of the immune complex rather than nonspecific uptake. We expect this novel Fc engineering can maximize the antigen sweeping efficacy even in humans and create novel therapeutic antibodies that meet unmet medical needs for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Hori
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co, Ltd, Gotemba, Japan
| | - Ken Ohmine
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co, Ltd, Gotemba, Japan
| | | | - Yuki Noguchi
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co, Ltd, Gotemba, Japan
| | - Kazuki Sato
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co, Ltd, Gotemba, Japan
| | | | | | | | - Kenta Haraya
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co, Ltd, Gotemba, Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Ozeki
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co, Ltd, Gotemba, Japan
| | - Masahiko Nanami
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co, Ltd, Gotemba, Japan
| | | | - Zenjiro Sampei
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co, Ltd, Gotemba, Japan
| | - Taichi Kuramochi
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co, Ltd, Gotemba, Japan
| | - Junichi Nezu
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co, Ltd, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kunihiro Hattori
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co, Ltd, Kamakura, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Igawa
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co, Ltd, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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16
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Flegar D, Filipović M, Šućur A, Markotić A, Lukač N, Šisl D, Ikić Matijašević M, Jajić Z, Kelava T, Katavić V, Kovačić N, Grčević D. Preventive CCL2/CCR2 Axis Blockade Suppresses Osteoclast Activity in a Mouse Model of Rheumatoid Arthritis by Reducing Homing of CCR2 hi Osteoclast Progenitors to the Affected Bone. Front Immunol 2021; 12:767231. [PMID: 34925336 PMCID: PMC8677701 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.767231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Detailed characterization of medullary and extramedullary reservoirs of osteoclast progenitors (OCPs) is required to understand the pathophysiology of increased periarticular and systemic bone resorption in arthritis. In this study, we focused on identifying the OCP population specifically induced by arthritis and the role of circulatory OCPs in inflammatory bone loss. In addition, we determined the relevant chemokine axis responsible for their migration, and targeted the attraction signal to reduce bone resorption in murine collagen-induced arthritis (CIA). OCPs were expanded in periarticular as well as circulatory compartment of arthritic mice, particularly the CCR2hi subset. This subset demonstrated enhanced osteoclastogenic activity in arthritis, whereas its migratory potential was susceptible to CCR2 blockade in vitro. Intravascular compartment of the periarticular area contained increased frequency of OCPs with the ability to home to the arthritic bone, as demonstrated in vivo by intravascular staining and adoptive transfer of splenic LysMcre/Ai9 tdTomato-expressing cells. Simultaneously, CCL2 levels were increased locally and systemically in arthritic mice. Mouse cohorts were treated with the small-molecule inhibitor (SMI) of CCR2 alone or in combination with methotrexate (MTX). Preventive CCR2/CCL2 axis blockade in vivo reduced bone resorption and OCP frequency, whereas combining with MTX treatment also decreased disease clinical score, number of active osteoclasts, and OCP differentiation potential. In conclusion, our study characterized the functional properties of two distinct OCP subsets in CIA, based on their CCR2 expression levels, implying that the CCR2hi circulatory-like subset is specifically induced by arthritis. Signaling through the CCL2/CCR2 axis contributes to OCP homing in the inflamed joints and to their increased osteoclastogenic potential. Therefore, addition of CCL2/CCR2 blockade early in the course of arthritis is a promising approach to reduce bone pathology.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antirheumatic Agents/pharmacology
- Arthritis, Experimental/drug therapy
- Arthritis, Experimental/metabolism
- Arthritis, Rheumatoid/drug therapy
- Arthritis, Rheumatoid/metabolism
- Benzoxazines/pharmacology
- Bone and Bones/drug effects
- Bone and Bones/metabolism
- Bone and Bones/pathology
- Cell Differentiation/drug effects
- Cell Differentiation/genetics
- Cell Movement/drug effects
- Cell Movement/genetics
- Cells, Cultured
- Chemokine CCL2/metabolism
- Disease Models, Animal
- Flow Cytometry
- Humans
- Male
- Mesenchymal Stem Cells/cytology
- Mesenchymal Stem Cells/metabolism
- Methotrexate/pharmacology
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Inbred DBA
- Osteoclasts/cytology
- Osteoclasts/metabolism
- RNA Interference
- Receptors, CCR2/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, CCR2/genetics
- Receptors, CCR2/metabolism
- Spiro Compounds/pharmacology
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Darja Flegar
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
- Laboratory for Molecular Immunology, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Maša Filipović
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
- Laboratory for Molecular Immunology, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Alan Šućur
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
- Laboratory for Molecular Immunology, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Antonio Markotić
- Center for Clinical Pharmacology, University Clinical Hospital Mostar, Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Mostar, Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Nina Lukač
- Laboratory for Molecular Immunology, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Anatomy, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Dino Šisl
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
- Laboratory for Molecular Immunology, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marina Ikić Matijašević
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Rheumatology and Pulmology, Sveti Duh University Hospital, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Zrinka Jajić
- Department of Rheumatology, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Clinical Hospital Center Sestre Milosrdnice, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Tomislav Kelava
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
- Laboratory for Molecular Immunology, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Vedran Katavić
- Laboratory for Molecular Immunology, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Anatomy, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Nataša Kovačić
- Laboratory for Molecular Immunology, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Anatomy, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Danka Grčević
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
- Laboratory for Molecular Immunology, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
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17
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Abstract
Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is a chronic systemic autoimmune disease. RA mainly affects synovial joints, with inflammation of the synovial membrane (synovitis), characterised by neo-angiogenesis, hyperplasia of lining layer, and immune cell infiltration that drive local inflammation and, if untreated, can lead to joint destruction and disability. In parallel to the well-known clinical heterogeneity, the underlying synovitis can also be significantly heterogeneous, both at cellular and molecular level, which can at least in part explain why despite the availability of highly effective treatment options, a large proportion of patients are resistant to some individual treatments. The assimilation of recent high-throughput data from analysis at the single-cell level with rigorous and high-quality clinical outcomes obtained from large randomised clinical trials support the definition of disease and treatment response endotypes. Looking ahead, the integration of histological and molecular signatures from the diseased tissue into clinical algorithms may help decision making in the management of patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis in clinical practice.
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18
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Fei L, Ren X, Yu H, Zhan Y. Targeting the CCL2/CCR2 Axis in Cancer Immunotherapy: One Stone, Three Birds? Front Immunol 2021; 12:771210. [PMID: 34804061 PMCID: PMC8596464 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.771210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
CCR2 is predominantly expressed by monocytes/macrophages with strong proinflammatory functions, prompting the development of CCR2 antagonists to dampen unwanted immune responses in inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Paradoxically, CCR2-expressing monocytes/macrophages, particularly in tumor microenvironments, can be strongly immunosuppressive. Thus, targeting the recruitment of immunosuppressive monocytes/macrophages to tumors by CCR2 antagonism has recently been investigated as a strategy to modify the tumor microenvironment and enhance anti-tumor immunity. We present here that beneficial effects of CCR2 antagonism in the tumor setting extend beyond blocking chemotaxis of suppressive myeloid cells. Signaling within the CCL2/CCR2 axis shows underappreciated effects on myeloid cell survival and function polarization. Apart from myeloid cells, T cells are also known to express CCR2. Nevertheless, tissue homing of Treg cells among T cell populations is preferentially affected by CCR2 deficiency. Further, CCR2 signaling also directly enhances Treg functional potency. Thus, although Tregs are not the sole type of T cells expressing CCR2, the net outcome of CCR2 antagonism in T cells favors the anti-tumor arm of immune responses. Finally, the CCL2/CCR2 axis directly contributes to survival/growth and invasion/metastasis of many types of tumors bearing CCR2. Together, CCR2 links to two main types of suppressive immune cells by multiple mechanisms. Such a CCR2-assoicated immunosuppressive network is further entangled with paracrine and autocrine CCR2 signaling of tumor cells. Strategies to target CCL2/CCR2 axis as cancer therapy in the view of three types of CCR2-expessing cells in tumor microenvironment are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyang Fei
- Department of Drug Discovery, Shanghai Huaota Biopharm, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaochen Ren
- Department of Drug Discovery, Shanghai Huaota Biopharm, Shanghai, China
| | - Haijia Yu
- Department of Drug Discovery, Shanghai Huaota Biopharm, Shanghai, China
| | - Yifan Zhan
- Department of Drug Discovery, Shanghai Huaota Biopharm, Shanghai, China
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19
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Abstract
Fibroblasts are important cells for the support of homeostatic tissue function. In inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and inflammatory bowel disease, fibroblasts take on different roles (a) as inflammatory cells themselves and (b) in recruiting leukocytes, driving angiogenesis, and enabling chronic inflammation in tissues. Recent advances in single-cell profiling techniques have transformed the ability to examine fibroblast states and populations in inflamed tissues, providing evidence of previously underappreciated heterogeneity and disease-associated fibroblast populations. These studies challenge the preconceived notion that fibroblasts are homogeneous and provide new insights into the role of fibroblasts in inflammatory pathology. In addition, new molecular insights into the mechanisms of fibroblast activation reveal powerful cell-intrinsic amplification loops that synergize with primary fibroblast stimuli to result in striking responses. In this Review, we focus on recent developments in our understanding of fibroblast heterogeneity and fibroblast pathology across tissues and diseases in rheumatoid arthritis and inflammatory bowel diseases. We highlight new approaches to, and applications of, single-cell profiling techniques and what they teach us about fibroblast biology. Finally, we address how these insights could lead to the development of novel therapeutic approaches to targeting fibroblasts in disease.
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20
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Huang J, Fu X, Chen X, Li Z, Huang Y, Liang C. Promising Therapeutic Targets for Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis. Front Immunol 2021; 12:686155. [PMID: 34305919 PMCID: PMC8299711 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.686155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic poly-articular chronic autoimmune joint disease that mainly damages the hands and feet, which affects 0.5% to 1.0% of the population worldwide. With the sustained development of disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs), significant success has been achieved for preventing and relieving disease activity in RA patients. Unfortunately, some patients still show limited response to DMARDs, which puts forward new requirements for special targets and novel therapies. Understanding the pathogenetic roles of the various molecules in RA could facilitate discovery of potential therapeutic targets and approaches. In this review, both existing and emerging targets, including the proteins, small molecular metabolites, and epigenetic regulators related to RA, are discussed, with a focus on the mechanisms that result in inflammation and the development of new drugs for blocking the various modulators in RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Huang
- Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xuekun Fu
- Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xinxin Chen
- Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zheng Li
- Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yuhong Huang
- Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chao Liang
- Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China.,Institute of Integrated Bioinfomedicine and Translational Science (IBTS), School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
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21
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Yager N, Cole S, Lledo Lara A, Maroof A, Penkava F, Knight JC, Bowness P, Al-Mossawi H. Ex vivo mass cytometry analysis reveals a profound myeloid proinflammatory signature in psoriatic arthritis synovial fluid. Ann Rheum Dis 2021; 80:1559-1567. [PMID: 34226188 DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2021-220280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES A number of immune populations have been implicated in psoriatic arthritis (PsA) pathogenesis. This study used mass cytometry (CyTOF) combined with transcriptomic analysis to generate a high-dimensional dataset of matched PsA synovial fluid (SF) and blood leucocytes, with the aim of identifying cytokine production ex vivo in unstimulated lymphoid and myeloid cells. METHODS Fresh SF and paired blood were either fixed or incubated with protein transport inhibitors for 6 hours. Samples were stained with two CyTOF panels: a phenotyping panel and an intracellular panel, including antibodies to both T cell and myeloid cell secreted proteins. Transcriptomic analysis by gene array of key expanded cell populations, single-cell RNA-seq, ELISA and LEGENDplex analysis of PsA SF were also performed. RESULTS We observed marked changes in the myeloid compartment of PsA SF relative to blood, with expansion of intermediate monocytes, macrophages and dendritic cell populations. Classical monocytes, intermediate monocytes and macrophages spontaneously produced significant levels of the proinflammatory mediators osteopontin and CCL2 in the absence of any in vitro stimulation. By contrast minimal spontaneous cytokine production by T cells was detected. Gene expression analysis showed the genes for osteopontin and CCL2 to be among those most highly upregulated by PsA monocytes/macrophages in SF; and both proteins were elevated in PsA SF. CONCLUSIONS Using multiomic analyses, we have generated a comprehensive cellular map of PsA SF and blood to reveal key expanded myeloid proinflammatory modules in PsA of potential pathogenic and therapeutic importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Yager
- Botnar Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Alicia Lledo Lara
- The Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Frank Penkava
- Botnar Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Julian C Knight
- The Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Paul Bowness
- Botnar Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Hussein Al-Mossawi
- Botnar Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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22
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Gerlza T, Trojacher C, Kitic N, Adage T, Kungl AJ. Development of Molecules Antagonizing Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans. Semin Thromb Hemost 2021; 47:316-332. [PMID: 33794555 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1725067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) occur in almost every tissue of the human body and consist of a protein core, with covalently attached glycosaminoglycan polysaccharide chains. These glycosaminoglycans are characterized by their polyanionic nature, due to sulfate and carboxyl groups, which are distributed along the chain. These chains can be modified by different enzymes at varying positions, which leads to huge diversity of possible structures with the complexity further increased by varying chain lengths. According to their location, HSPGs are divided into different families, the membrane bound, the secreted extracellular matrix, and the secretory vesicle family. As members of the extracellular matrix, they take part in cell-cell communication processes on many levels and with different degrees of involvement. Of particular therapeutic interest is their role in cancer and inflammation as well as in infectious diseases. In this review, we give an overview of the current status of medical approaches to antagonize HSPG function in pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Gerlza
- Karl-Franzens University Graz, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graz, Austria
| | - Christina Trojacher
- Karl-Franzens University Graz, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graz, Austria
| | - Nikola Kitic
- Karl-Franzens University Graz, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graz, Austria
| | | | - Andreas J Kungl
- Karl-Franzens University Graz, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graz, Austria.,Antagonis Biotherapeutics GmbH, Graz, Austria
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23
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Zhu S, Liu M, Bennett S, Wang Z, Pfleger KDG, Xu J. The molecular structure and role of CCL2 (MCP-1) and C-C chemokine receptor CCR2 in skeletal biology and diseases. J Cell Physiol 2021; 236:7211-7222. [PMID: 33782965 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, also called chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2) or small inducible cytokine A2, is an inflammatory mediator capable of recruiting monocytes, memory T cells, and dendritic cells. CCL2 is a member of the CC chemokine superfamily, which binds to its receptor, C-C motif chemokine receptor-2 (CCR2), for the induction of chemotactic activity and an increase of calcium influx. It exerts multiple effects on a variety of cells, including monocytes, macrophages, osteoclasts, basophils, and endothelial cells, and is involved in a diverse range of diseases. This review discusses the molecular structure and role of CCL2 and CCR2 in skeletal biology and disease. Molecular structure analyses reveal that CCL2 shares a conserved C-C motif; however, it has only limited sequence homology with other CCL family members. Likewise, CCR2, as a member of the G-protein-coupled seven-transmembrane receptor superfamily, shares conserved cysteine residues, but exhibits very limited sequence homology with other CCR family members. In the skeletal system, the expression of CCL2 is regulated by a variety of factors, such as parathyroid hormone/parathyroid hormone-related peptide, interleukin 1b, tumor necrosis factor-α and transforming growth factor-beta, RANKL, and mechanical forces. The interaction of CCL2 and CCR2 activates several signaling cascades, including PI3K/Akt/ERK/NF-κB, PI3K/MAPKs, and JAK/STAT-1/STAT-3. Understanding the role of CCL2 and CCR2 will facilitate the development of novel therapies for skeletal disorders, including rheumatoid arthritis, osteolysis and other inflammatory diseases related to abnormal chemotaxis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sipin Zhu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.,School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Mei Liu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology and College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Samuel Bennett
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Ziyi Wang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Kevin D G Pfleger
- Molecular Endocrinology and Pharmacology, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia.,Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,UWA Node, Australian Research Council Centre for Personalised Therapeutics Technologies, Melbourne and Perth, Victoria and Western Australia, Australia
| | - Jiake Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.,School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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24
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Gao WJ, Liu JX, Liu MN, Yao YD, Liu ZQ, Liu L, He HH, Zhou H. Macrophage 3D migration: A potential therapeutic target for inflammation and deleterious progression in diseases. Pharmacol Res 2021; 167:105563. [PMID: 33746053 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages are heterogeneous cells that have different physiological functions, such as chemotaxis, phagocytosis, endocytosis, and secretion of various factors. All physiological functions of macrophages are integral to homeostasis, immune defense and tissue repair. However, in several diseases, macrophages are recruited from the blood towards inflammatory sites. This process is called macrophage migration, which promotes deleterious disease progression. Macrophage migration is a key player in many inflammatory diseases, autoimmune diseases and cancers because it contributes to the accumulation of proinflammatory factors, the destruction of tissues and the development of tumors. Therefore, macrophage migration is proposed to be a potential therapeutic target. Macrophages migrate between two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) environments, implying that distinct migratory features and mechanisms are involved. Compared with the 2D migration of macrophages, 3D migration involves more complex variations in cellular morphology and dynamics. The structure of the extracellular matrix, a key factor, is modified in diseases that influence macrophage 3D migration. Macrophage 3D migration relates to disease pathology. Research that focuses on macrophage 3D migration is an emerging field and was reviewed in this article to indicate the molecular and cellular mechanisms of macrophage migration in 3D environments and to provide potential targets for controlling disease progression associated with this migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Jiao Gao
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macao, PR China
| | - Jian-Xin Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua City, Hunan Province, PR China
| | - Meng-Nan Liu
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macao, PR China; National Traditional Chinese Medicine Clinical Research Base and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hospital (T.C.M) Affiliated to Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Yun-Da Yao
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macao, PR China
| | - Zhong-Qiu Liu
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Liang Liu
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macao, PR China; Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Huan-Huan He
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai City, Guangdong Province 519000, PR China
| | - Hua Zhou
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macao, PR China; Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, PR China; Zhuhai Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Zhuhai City, Guangdong Province 519000, PR China.
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25
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Gisby J, Clarke CL, Medjeral-Thomas N, Malik TH, Papadaki A, Mortimer PM, Buang NB, Lewis S, Pereira M, Toulza F, Fagnano E, Mawhin MA, Dutton EE, Tapeng L, Richard AC, Kirk PDW, Behmoaras J, Sandhu E, McAdoo SP, Prendecki MF, Pickering MC, Botto M, Willicombe M, Thomas DC, Peters JE. Longitudinal proteomic profiling of dialysis patients with COVID-19 reveals markers of severity and predictors of death. eLife 2021; 10:e64827. [PMID: 33704068 PMCID: PMC8064756 DOI: 10.7554/elife.64827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
End-stage kidney disease (ESKD) patients are at high risk of severe COVID-19. We measured 436 circulating proteins in serial blood samples from hospitalised and non-hospitalised ESKD patients with COVID-19 (n = 256 samples from 55 patients). Comparison to 51 non-infected patients revealed 221 differentially expressed proteins, with consistent results in a separate subcohort of 46 COVID-19 patients. Two hundred and three proteins were associated with clinical severity, including IL6, markers of monocyte recruitment (e.g. CCL2, CCL7), neutrophil activation (e.g. proteinase-3), and epithelial injury (e.g. KRT19). Machine-learning identified predictors of severity including IL18BP, CTSD, GDF15, and KRT19. Survival analysis with joint models revealed 69 predictors of death. Longitudinal modelling with linear mixed models uncovered 32 proteins displaying different temporal profiles in severe versus non-severe disease, including integrins and adhesion molecules. These data implicate epithelial damage, innate immune activation, and leucocyte-endothelial interactions in the pathology of severe COVID-19 and provide a resource for identifying drug targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack Gisby
- Centre for Inflammatory Disease, Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Candice L Clarke
- Centre for Inflammatory Disease, Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
- Renal and Transplant Centre, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS TrustLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Nicholas Medjeral-Thomas
- Centre for Inflammatory Disease, Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
- Renal and Transplant Centre, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS TrustLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Talat H Malik
- Centre for Inflammatory Disease, Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Artemis Papadaki
- Centre for Inflammatory Disease, Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Paige M Mortimer
- Centre for Inflammatory Disease, Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Norzawani B Buang
- Centre for Inflammatory Disease, Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Shanice Lewis
- Centre for Inflammatory Disease, Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Marie Pereira
- Centre for Inflammatory Disease, Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Frederic Toulza
- Centre for Inflammatory Disease, Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Ester Fagnano
- Centre for Inflammatory Disease, Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Marie-Anne Mawhin
- Centre for Inflammatory Disease, Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Emma E Dutton
- Centre for Inflammatory Disease, Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Lunnathaya Tapeng
- Centre for Inflammatory Disease, Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Arianne C Richard
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
- CRUK Cambridge Institute, University of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Paul DW Kirk
- MRC Biostatistics Unit, Forvie Way, University of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology & Infectious Disease, University of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Jacques Behmoaras
- Centre for Inflammatory Disease, Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Eleanor Sandhu
- Centre for Inflammatory Disease, Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
- Renal and Transplant Centre, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS TrustLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Stephen P McAdoo
- Centre for Inflammatory Disease, Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
- Renal and Transplant Centre, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS TrustLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Maria F Prendecki
- Centre for Inflammatory Disease, Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
- Renal and Transplant Centre, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS TrustLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Matthew C Pickering
- Centre for Inflammatory Disease, Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Marina Botto
- Centre for Inflammatory Disease, Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Michelle Willicombe
- Centre for Inflammatory Disease, Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
- Renal and Transplant Centre, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS TrustLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - David C Thomas
- Centre for Inflammatory Disease, Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
- Renal and Transplant Centre, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS TrustLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - James E Peters
- Centre for Inflammatory Disease, Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
- Health Data Research UKLondonUnited Kingdom
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26
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Gao WJ, Liu JX, Xie Y, Luo P, Liu ZQ, Liu L, Zhou H. Suppression of macrophage migration by down-regulating Src/FAK/P130Cas activation contributed to the anti-inflammatory activity of sinomenine. Pharmacol Res 2021; 167:105513. [PMID: 33617975 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
A large number of macrophages in inflamed sites not only amplify the severity of inflammatory responses but also contribute to the deleterious progression of many chronic inflammatory diseases, autoimmune diseases and cancers. Macrophage migration is a prerequisite for their entry into inflammatory sites and their participation of macrophages in the pathologic processes. Inhibition of macrophage migration is therefore a potential anti-inflammatory mechanism. Moreover, alleviation of inflammation also prevents the macrophages infiltration. Sinomenine (SIN) is an alkaloid derived from the Chinese medicinal plant Sinomenium acutum. It has multiple pharmacological effects, including anti-inflammation, immunosuppression, and anti-arthritis. However, its anti-inflammatory molecular mechanisms and effect on macrophage migration are not fully understood. The purpose of this research was to investigate the pharmacological effects and the molecular mechanism of SIN on macrophage migration in vivo and in vitro as well as to elucidate its anti-inflammatory mechanisms associated with macrophage migration. Our results showed that SIN reduced the number of RAW264.7 cells migrating into inflammatory paws and blocked lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW264.7 cells and bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) migration in vitro. Furthermore, SIN attenuated the 3D mesenchymal migration of BMDMs. The absence of macrophage migration after circulatory and periphery macrophages depletion led to a reduction in the severity of inflammatory response. In macrophages depleted (macrophages-/-) mice, as inflammatory severity decreased, RAW264.7 cells migration was suppressed. A non-obvious effect of SIN on the inflammatory response was found in macrophages-/- mice, while the inhibitory effect of SIN on RAW264.7 cells migration was still observed. Furthermore, the migration of RAW264.7 cells pre-treated with SIN was suppressed in normal mice. Finally, Src/focal adhesion kinase (FAK)/P130Cas axis activation, which supports macrophages mesenchymal migration, and iNOS expression, NO production, integrin αV and in integrin β3 expressions, which promote Src/FAK/P130Cas activation, were down-regulated by SIN. However, SIN had no obvious effect on the expression of the monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), which is an important chemokine for macrophage migration. These results indicated that SIN significantly inhibited macrophage mesenchymal migration by down-regulating on Src/FAK/P130Cas axis activation. There was a mutual regulatory correlation between the inflammatory response and macrophage migration, and the effects of SIN on macrophage migration were involved in its anti-inflammatory activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Jiao Gao
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macao, PR China
| | - Jian-Xin Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua City, Hunan Province, PR China
| | - Yie Xie
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macao, PR China
| | - Pei Luo
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macao, PR China
| | - Zhong-Qiu Liu
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Liang Liu
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macao, PR China; Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, PR China.
| | - Hua Zhou
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macao, PR China; Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, PR China.
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Does C-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 2 (CCL2) Link Obesity to a Pro-Inflammatory State? Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22031500. [PMID: 33540898 PMCID: PMC7867366 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms of how obesity contributes to the development of cardio-metabolic diseases are not entirely understood. Obesity is frequently associated with adipose tissue dysfunction, characterized by, e.g., adipocyte hypertrophy, ectopic fat accumulation, immune cell infiltration, and the altered secretion of adipokines. Factors secreted from adipose tissue may induce and/or maintain a local and systemic low-grade activation of the innate immune system. Attraction of macrophages into adipose tissue and altered crosstalk between macrophages, adipocytes, and other cells of adipose tissue are symptoms of metabolic inflammation. Among several secreted factors attracting immune cells to adipose tissue, chemotactic C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) (also described as monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1)) has been shown to play a crucial role in adipose tissue macrophage infiltration. In this review, we aimed to summarize and discuss the current knowledge on CCL2 with a focus on its role in linking obesity to cardio-metabolic diseases.
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The corepressors GPS2 and SMRT control enhancer and silencer remodeling via eRNA transcription during inflammatory activation of macrophages. Mol Cell 2021; 81:953-968.e9. [PMID: 33503407 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2020.12.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
While the role of transcription factors and coactivators in controlling enhancer activity and chromatin structure linked to gene expression is well established, the involvement of corepressors is not. Using inflammatory macrophage activation as a model, we investigate here a corepressor complex containing GPS2 and SMRT both genome-wide and at the Ccl2 locus, encoding the chemokine CCL2 (MCP-1). We report that corepressors co-occupy candidate enhancers along with the coactivators CBP (H3K27 acetylase) and MED1 (mediator) but act antagonistically by repressing eRNA transcription-coupled H3K27 acetylation. Genome editing, transcriptional interference, and cistrome analysis reveals that apparently related enhancer and silencer elements control Ccl2 transcription in opposite ways. 4C-seq indicates that corepressor depletion or inflammatory signaling functions mechanistically similarly to trigger enhancer activation. In ob/ob mice, adipose tissue macrophage-selective depletion of the Ccl2 enhancer-transcribed eRNA reduces metaflammation. Thus, the identified corepressor-eRNA-chemokine pathway operates in vivo and suggests therapeutic opportunities by targeting eRNAs in immuno-metabolic diseases.
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Klaus T, Deshmukh S. pH-responsive antibodies for therapeutic applications. J Biomed Sci 2021; 28:11. [PMID: 33482842 PMCID: PMC7821552 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-021-00709-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic antibodies are instrumental in improving the treatment outcome for certain disease conditions. However, to enhance their efficacy and specificity, many efforts are continuously made. One of the approaches that are increasingly explored in this field are pH-responsive antibodies capable of binding target antigens in a pH-dependent manner. We reviewed suitability and examples of these antibodies that are functionally modulated by the tumor microenvironment. Provided in this review is an update about antigens targeted by pH-responsive, sweeping, and recycling antibodies. Applicability of the pH-responsive antibodies in the engineering of chimeric antigen receptor T-cells (CAR-T) and in improving drug delivery to the brain by the enhanced crossing of the blood-brain barrier is also discussed. The pH-responsive antibodies possess strong treatment potential. They emerge as next-generation programmable engineered biologic drugs that are active only within the targeted biological space. Thus, they are valuable in targeting acidified tumor microenvironment because of improved spatial persistence and reduced on-target off-tumor toxicities. We predict that the programmable pH-dependent antibodies become powerful tools in therapies of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Klaus
- Research and Development Department, Pure Biologics, Inc., Dunska 11, 54427, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Sameer Deshmukh
- Research and Development Department, Pure Biologics, Inc., Dunska 11, 54427, Wrocław, Poland.
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Moadab F, Khorramdelazad H, Abbasifard M. Role of CCL2/CCR2 axis in the immunopathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis: Latest evidence and therapeutic approaches. Life Sci 2021; 269:119034. [PMID: 33453247 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Evidence suggests that uncontrolled immune system responses and their components play a significant role in developing rheumatoid arthritis (RA), which is considered an autoimmune disease (AD). Among immune system mediators, cytokines and chemokines are involved in numerous physiological and pathological processes. CCL2 or monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) is known as a CC chemokine that can induce the locomotion and recruitment of monocytes and macrophages to the site of injury. When CCL2 binds to its receptors, the most important of which is CCR2, various signaling pathways are triggered, eventually leading to various immunological events such as inflammation. This chemokine also participates in several events involved in RA pathogenesis, such as osteoclastogenesis, migration of effector T cells to the RA synovium tissue, and angiogenesis. In this review article, the role of the CCL2/CCR2 axis in RA pathogenesis and the immunotherapy opportunities based on CCL2/CCR2 axis targeting has been discussed based on existing investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Moadab
- Student Research Committee, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine; Molecular Medicine Research Center, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Research, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Hossein Khorramdelazad
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine; Molecular Medicine Research Center, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Research, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Mitra Abbasifard
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ali-Ibn Abi-Talib Hospital, School of Medicine; Molecular Medicine Research Center, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Research, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran.
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Chou PH, Chee A, Shi P, Lin CL, Zhao Y, Zhang L, An HS. Small molecule antagonist of C-C chemokine receptor 1 (CCR1) reduces disc inflammation in the rabbit model. Spine J 2020; 20:2025-2036. [PMID: 32673730 DOI: 10.1016/j.spinee.2020.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND CONTEXT Targeting chemokines or chemokine receptors is a promising treatment strategy for diseases with chronic inflammation such as rheumatoid arthritis and discogenic pain. Identifying specific molecules and determining their effectiveness in animal models are the first steps in developing these treatments. Macrophage markers have been detected in the intervertebral disc tissues of patients with disc degenerative disease and discogenic pain and in different animal models. Macrophage recruitment into the disc may play a role in initiation of inflammation and if unresolved may lead to chronic inflammation and subsequent back pain. PURPOSE The objectives of these studies are to (1) identify chemokine receptor antagonists that can block macrophage migration induced by disc cells in vitro and (2) determine if intradiscal treatment with these antagonists can reduce disc inflammation and degeneration in vivo. STUDY DESIGN In vitro migration assays were used to test effectiveness of chemokine receptor antagonists to block macrophage migration induced by disc cells. The rabbit annular puncture model was used to test for anti-inflammatory and regenerative effects of chemokine receptor antagonist treatment in vivo. METHODS In vitro - THP-1 human monocytic cell line and freshly isolated rabbit primary splenocytes were assayed for migration using 3 µm Corning Transwell inserts with conditioned media of interleukin (IL)-1β treated human or rabbit disc cells. Inhibition of macrophage migration was evaluated using different concentrations of small molecule antagonists of C-C chemokine receptor (CCR)1 and CCR2. In vivo - New Zealand White rabbits (n=40) underwent disc puncture and intradiscal treatment with saline, CCR1 or CCR2 antagonists within the same procedure. X-ray and magnetic resonance (MR) images and serum samples were taken for disc height, MRI grade and IL-8 serum level analyses. Intervertebral discs were isolated for RNA analysis of inflammatory and disc phenotypic markers and for immunohistochemical analysis of macrophage marker, RAM11. The outcome measures were compared between the three treatment groups. These studies were funded by a research grant from AO Foundation, Switzerland (Project no S-14-86A; 120000 CHF). CCR1 and CCR2 antagonists were kindly provided by ChemoCentryx (Mountain View, CA). RESULTS In vitro migration assays showed that THP-1 migration induced by disc cells was blocked by CCR2 antagonist more effectively than CCR1 antagonist, while rabbit splenocyte migration was inhibited by CCR1 antagonist and not the other. In the rabbit annular puncture model, rabbit discs treated with CCR1 antagonist had significantly better MRI grades than those treated with CCR2 antagonist at 6 weeks post-treatment. Gene expression studies demonstrate that discs treated with CCR1 or CCR2 antagonists expressed less inflammatory markers than saline-treated discs at 3 weeks post-treatment. Although CCR2 antagonist treatment did not reduce inflammatory marker expression at 6 weeks, discs treated with CCR1 antagonist expressed less inflammatory markers and also a higher ratio of collagen type 2 to collagen type 1 genes indicating favorable disc matrix production. There were no significant differences between all three treatment groups in regards to disc height indexes, IL-8 serum levels or macrophage marker detection. CONCLUSIONS These studies have identified that small molecule antagonists against CCR2 and CCR1 were respectively effective in blocking THP-1 and rabbit splenocyte migration induced by disc cells in vitro. Further, both CCR2 and CCR1 antagonist intradiscal treatments were effective in reducing disc inflammation at an early time point of 3 weeks. Lastly, only CCR1 antagonist demonstrated anti-inflammatory effects and better MRI grades at 6 weeks. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Our preclinical studies demonstrate that CCR1 and CCR2 antagonist delivery through intradiscal injection is sufficient to reduce disc inflammation at early time points, whereas CCR1 antagonists had longer term anti-inflammatory effects. Clinical studies have found that CCR1 antagonist was safe, tolerable and clinically active in reducing inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis patients. These studies suggest that CCR1 antagonist may be a promising biological treatment to reduce disc inflammation that translates to back pain relief.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Hsin Chou
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, 1611 W Harrison Street, Suite 300, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; Department of Orthopedic and Traumatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, No. 201, Sec. 2, Shipai Rd, Beitou District, Taipei City, Taiwan 11217, ROC; School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, No.155, Sec. 2, Linong St, Beitou District, Taipei City, Taiwan 112, ROC
| | - Ana Chee
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, 1611 W Harrison Street, Suite 300, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Peng Shi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, 1611 W Harrison Street, Suite 300, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, 1 Kneeland St, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Cheng-Li Lin
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, 1611 W Harrison Street, Suite 300, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, No.138, Sheng-Li Rd, 70428, Tainan City, Taiwan 704, ROC
| | - Yibo Zhao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, 1611 W Harrison Street, Suite 300, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, No. 382, Wuyi Rd, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030001 China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, 1611 W Harrison Street, Suite 300, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; Department of Orthopedics, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 99, Longcheng St, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030032 China
| | - Howard S An
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, 1611 W Harrison Street, Suite 300, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
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Liu R, Oldham RJ, Teal E, Beers SA, Cragg MS. Fc-Engineering for Modulated Effector Functions-Improving Antibodies for Cancer Treatment. Antibodies (Basel) 2020; 9:E64. [PMID: 33212886 PMCID: PMC7709126 DOI: 10.3390/antib9040064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The majority of monoclonal antibody (mAb) therapeutics possess the ability to engage innate immune effectors through interactions mediated by their fragment crystallizable (Fc) domain. By delivering Fc-Fc gamma receptor (FcγR) and Fc-C1q interactions, mAb are able to link exquisite specificity to powerful cellular and complement-mediated effector functions. Fc interactions can also facilitate enhanced target clustering to evoke potent receptor signaling. These observations have driven decades-long research to delineate the properties within the Fc that elicit these various activities, identifying key amino acid residues and elucidating the important role of glycosylation. They have also fostered a growing interest in Fc-engineering whereby this knowledge is exploited to modulate Fc effector function to suit specific mechanisms of action and therapeutic purposes. In this review, we document the insight that has been generated through the study of the Fc domain; revealing the underpinning structure-function relationships and how the Fc has been engineered to produce an increasing number of antibodies that are appearing in the clinic with augmented abilities to treat cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rena Liu
- GlaxoSmithKline Research and Development, Stevenage SG1 2NY, UK;
| | - Robert J. Oldham
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, Centre for Cancer Immunology, Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO171BJ, UK; (R.J.O.); (E.T.); (M.S.C.)
- Cancer Research UK Centre, Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO171BJ, UK
| | - Emma Teal
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, Centre for Cancer Immunology, Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO171BJ, UK; (R.J.O.); (E.T.); (M.S.C.)
- Cancer Research UK Centre, Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO171BJ, UK
| | - Stephen A. Beers
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, Centre for Cancer Immunology, Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO171BJ, UK; (R.J.O.); (E.T.); (M.S.C.)
- Cancer Research UK Centre, Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO171BJ, UK
| | - Mark S. Cragg
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, Centre for Cancer Immunology, Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO171BJ, UK; (R.J.O.); (E.T.); (M.S.C.)
- Cancer Research UK Centre, Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO171BJ, UK
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Fukuzawa T, Nezu J. SKY59, A Novel Recycling Antibody for Complement-mediated Diseases. Curr Med Chem 2020; 27:4157-4164. [PMID: 31622197 DOI: 10.2174/0929867326666191016115853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Revised: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The complement system usually helps protect against microbial infection, but it could also be involved in the onset of various diseases. Inhibition of complement component 5 (C5) with eculizumab has resulted in a significant reduction of hemolysis, reduction of thromboembolic events, and increased survival in patients with Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria (PNH). However, eculizumab requires frequent intravenous infusions due to the abundance of C5 in plasma and some patients may still experience breakthrough hemolysis. This review introduces the recent body of knowledge on recycling technology and discusses the likely therapeutic benefits of SKY59, a novel recycling antibody, for PNH and complement-mediated disorders. METHODS By using recycling technology, we created a novel anti-C5 antibody, SKY59, capable of binding to C5 pH-dependently. RESULTS In cynomolgus monkeys, SKY59 robustly inhibited C5 and complement activity for significantly longer than a conventional antibody. SKY59 also showed an inhibitory effect on C5 variant p.Arg885His, whereas eculizumab does not suppress complement activity in patients with this type of mutation. CONCLUSION SKY59 is a promising anti-C5 biologic agent that has significant advantages over current therapies such as long duration of action and efficacy against C5 variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taku Fukuzawa
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Gotemba, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Junichi Nezu
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Gotemba, Shizuoka, Japan
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Laffan SB, Thomson AS, Mai S, Fishman C, Kambara T, Nistala K, Raymond JT, Chen S, Ramani T, Pageon L, Polsky R, Watkins M, Ottolangui G, White JR, Maier C, Herdman M, Bouma G. Immune complex disease in a chronic monkey study with a humanised, therapeutic antibody against CCL20 is associated with complement-containing drug aggregates. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0231655. [PMID: 32325480 PMCID: PMC7180069 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0231655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the potential for the chemokine class as therapeutic targets in immune mediated disease, success has been limited. Many chemokines can bind to multiple receptors and many receptors have multiple ligands, with few exceptions. One of those exceptions is CCL20, which exclusively pairs to CCR6 and is associated with several immunologic conditions, thus providing a promising therapeutic target. Following successful evaluation in a single dose, first time in human clinical study, GSK3050002—a humanized IgG1 monoclonal antibody against human CCL20—was evaluated in a 26-week cynomolgus monkey toxicology study. A high incidence of unexpected vascular and organ inflammation was observed microscopically, leading to the decision to halt clinical development. Here we report a dose-responsive increase in the incidence and severity of inflammation in multiple organs from monkeys receiving 30 and 300 mg/kg/week by either subcutaneous or intravenous injection. Histomorphological changes resembled an immune complex-mediated pathology, which is often due to formation of anti-drug antibodies in monkeys receiving a human protein therapeutic and thus not predictive of clinical outcome. However, the presentation was atypical in that there was a clear dose response with a very high incidence of inflammation with a low incidence of ADA that did not correlate well individually. Additionally, the immunohistologic presentation was atypical in that the severity and distribution of tissue inflammation was greater than the numbers of associated immune complexes (i.e., granular deposits). An extensive ex vivo analysis of large molecular weight protein complexes in monkey serum from this study and in human serum samples demonstrated a time-dependent aggregation of GSK3050002, that was not predicted by in vitro assays. The aggregates also contained complement components. These findings support the hypothesis that immune complexes of drug aggregates, not necessarily including anti-drug antibodies, can fix complement, accumulate over time, and trigger immune complex disease. A situation which may have increased clinical relevance than typical anti-drug antibody-associated immune complex disease in monkeys administered human antibody proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan B. Laffan
- In vitro In vivo Translation (IVIVT), R&D, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Andrew S. Thomson
- Biopharm Analytical Science, R&D Platform Technology and Science, GlaxoSmithKline, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Shing Mai
- Biopharm Analytical Science, R&D Platform Technology and Science, GlaxoSmithKline, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Cindy Fishman
- In vitro In vivo Translation (IVIVT), R&D, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Takahito Kambara
- Pathology, IVIVT, R&D, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Kiran Nistala
- Adaptive Immunity Research Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, United Kingdom
| | - James T. Raymond
- Charles River Laboratories, Inc., Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Shugui Chen
- Biopharm Analytical Science, R&D Platform Technology and Science, GlaxoSmithKline, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Thulasi Ramani
- Envigo CRS, Inc., Princeton, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Laura Pageon
- Envigo CRS, Inc., Princeton, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Rodd Polsky
- Biopharm Analytical Science, R&D Platform Technology and Science, GlaxoSmithKline, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Mark Watkins
- In vitro In vivo Translation (IVIVT), R&D, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Gemma Ottolangui
- Biopharm Molecular Discovery, R&D Platform Technology and Science, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, United Kingdom
| | - John R. White
- Biopharm Analytical Science, R&D Platform Technology and Science, GlaxoSmithKline, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Curtis Maier
- In vitro In vivo Translation (IVIVT), R&D, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Michael Herdman
- Clinical Pharmacology and Experimental Medicine, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, United Kingdom
| | - Gerben Bouma
- Adaptive Immunity Research Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, United Kingdom
- Clinical Pharmacology and Experimental Medicine, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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Almanzar G, Kienle F, Schmalzing M, Maas A, Tony HP, Prelog M. Tofacitinib modulates the VZV-specific CD4+ T cell immune response in vitro in lymphocytes of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2020; 58:2051-2060. [PMID: 31106368 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/kez175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE RA is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by lymphocyte infiltration and release of inflammatory cytokines. Previous studies have shown that treatment with Janus kinase inhibitors, such as tofacitinib, increased the incidence rate of herpes zoster compared with conventional DMARDs. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effect of tofacitinib on the varicella-zoster-virus (VZV)-specific T cell immune response. METHODS The effect of tofacitinib on the VZV-specific T cell immune response was determined by evaluating the IFNγ production, the proliferative capacity, the VZV-induced differentiation into effector and memory T cells, the expression of activation marker CD69 and helper T cell type 1 (Th1)-characteristic chemokine receptors, such as CXCR3 and CCR5, as well as cytotoxic activity (perforin and granzyme B expression) of CD4+ T cells of patients with RA compared with healthy donors upon stimulation with VZV antigen in vitro. RESULTS Tofacitinib significantly reduced the IFNγ production, proliferation, activation, and CXCR3 expression of VZV-specific CD4+ T cells in a dose-dependent manner in short- and long-term lymphocyte culture. No effect on the distribution of naive, effectors or memory, or on the expression of perforin or granzyme B by VZV-specific CD4+ T cells was observed. CONCLUSION This study showed that tofacitinib significantly modulated the Th1 response to VZV. The poor VZV-specific cellular immune response in patients with RA may be considered in recommendations regarding appropriate vaccination strategies for enhancing the VZV-specific Th1 response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Almanzar
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Rheumatology/Special Immunology, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Felix Kienle
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Rheumatology/Special Immunology, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Marc Schmalzing
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Rheumatology and Immunology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Anna Maas
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Rheumatology/Special Immunology, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Hans-Peter Tony
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Rheumatology and Immunology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Martina Prelog
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Rheumatology/Special Immunology, Würzburg, Germany
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Tam FWK, Ong ACM. Renal monocyte chemoattractant protein-1: an emerging universal biomarker and therapeutic target for kidney diseases? Nephrol Dial Transplant 2020; 35:198-203. [PMID: 31089695 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfz082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Frederick W K Tam
- Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, Centre for Inflammatory Disease, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
| | - Albert C M Ong
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, Academic Nephrology Unit, University of Sheffield Medical School, Sheffield, UK
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Elemam NM, Hannawi S, Maghazachi AA. Role of Chemokines and Chemokine Receptors in Rheumatoid Arthritis. Immunotargets Ther 2020; 9:43-56. [PMID: 32211348 PMCID: PMC7074856 DOI: 10.2147/itt.s243636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is one of the most prevalent autoimmune diseases and a prototypic inflammatory disease, affecting the small joints of the hands and feet. Chemokines and chemokine receptors play a critical role in RA pathogenesis via immune cells recruitment. Several chemokines and chemokine receptors are abundant in the peripheral blood and in the local inflamed joints of RA. Furthermore, synthetic and biologics disease modifying anti rheumatic drugs have been reported to affect chemokines expression. Thus, many studies have focused on targeting chemokines and chemokine receptors, where some have shown positive promising results. However, most of the chemokine blockers in human trials of RA treatment displayed some failures that can be attributed to several reasons in their structures and binding affinities. Nevertheless, targeting chemokines will continue to be under development, in order to improve their therapeutic potentials in RA and other autoimmune diseases. In this review we provide an up-to-date knowledge regarding the role of chemokines and chemokine receptors in RA with an emphasis on their activities on immune cells. We also discussed the effects of drugs targeting those molecules in RA. This knowledge might provide impetus for developing new therapeutic modalities to treat this chronic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noha Mousaad Elemam
- College of Medicine and Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Suad Hannawi
- Ministry of Health and Prevention, Department of Rheumatology, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Azzam A Maghazachi
- College of Medicine and Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
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Abstract
Systemic sclerosis (SSc) has the highest cause-specific mortality of all the connective tissue diseases, and the aetiology of this complex and heterogeneous condition remains an enigma. Current disease-modifying therapies for SSc predominantly target inflammatory and vascular pathways but have variable and unpredictable clinical efficacy, and none is curative. Moreover, many of these therapies possess undesirable safety profiles and have no appreciable effect on long-term mortality. This Review describes the most promising of the existing therapeutic targets for SSc and places them in the context of our evolving understanding of the pathophysiology of this disease. As well as taking an in-depth look at the immune, inflammatory, vascular and fibrotic pathways implicated in the pathogenesis of SSc, this Review discusses emerging treatment targets and therapeutic strategies. The article concludes with an overview of important unanswered questions in SSc research that might inform the design of future studies of treatments aimed at modifying the course of this disease.
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Chemokines in rheumatic diseases: pathogenic role and therapeutic implications. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2019; 15:731-746. [PMID: 31705045 DOI: 10.1038/s41584-019-0323-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Chemokines, a family of small secreted chemotactic cytokines, and their G protein-coupled seven transmembrane spanning receptors control the migratory patterns, positioning and cellular interactions of immune cells. The levels of chemokines and their receptors are increased in the blood and within inflamed tissue of patients with rheumatic diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, systemic sclerosis, vasculitis or idiopathic inflammatory myopathies. Chemokine ligand-receptor interactions control the recruitment of leukocytes into tissue, which are central to the pathogenesis of these rheumatic diseases. Although the blockade of various chemokines and chemokine receptors has yielded promising results in preclinical animal models of rheumatic diseases, human clinical trials have, in general, been disappointing. However, there have been glimmers of hope from several early-phase clinical trials that suggest that sufficiently blocking the relevant chemokine pathway might in fact have clinical benefits in rheumatic diseases. Hence, the chemokine system remains a promising therapeutic target for rheumatic diseases and requires further study.
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Lee PY, Nelson-Maney N, Huang Y, Levescot A, Wang Q, Wei K, Cunin P, Li Y, Lederer JA, Zhuang H, Han S, Kim EY, Reeves WH, Nigrovic PA. High-dimensional analysis reveals a pathogenic role of inflammatory monocytes in experimental diffuse alveolar hemorrhage. JCI Insight 2019; 4:129703. [PMID: 31391335 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.129703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage (DAH) is a life-threatening pulmonary complication associated with systemic lupus erythematosus, vasculitis, and stem cell transplant. Little is known about the pathophysiology of DAH, and no targeted therapy is currently available. Pristane treatment in mice induces systemic autoimmunity and lung hemorrhage that recapitulates hallmark pathologic features of human DAH. Using this experimental model, we performed high-dimensional analysis of lung immune cells in DAH by mass cytometry and single-cell RNA sequencing. We found a large influx of myeloid cells to the lungs in DAH and defined the gene expression profile of infiltrating monocytes. Bone marrow-derived inflammatory monocytes actively migrated to the lungs and homed adjacent to blood vessels. Using 3 models of monocyte deficiency and complementary transfer studies, we established a central role of inflammatory monocytes in the development of DAH. We further found that the myeloid transcription factor interferon regulatory factor 8 is essential to the development of both DAH and type I interferon-dependent autoimmunity. These findings collectively reveal monocytes as a potential treatment target in DAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pui Y Lee
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Nathan Nelson-Maney
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Yuelong Huang
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Anaïs Levescot
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Qiang Wang
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kevin Wei
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Pierre Cunin
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Yi Li
- Division of Rheumatology, Beth Israel Deaconess Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - James A Lederer
- Center for Data Sciences, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Haoyang Zhuang
- Division of Rheumatology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Shuhong Han
- Division of Rheumatology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Edy Y Kim
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Westley H Reeves
- Division of Rheumatology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Peter A Nigrovic
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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41
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Coentro JQ, Pugliese E, Hanley G, Raghunath M, Zeugolis DI. Current and upcoming therapies to modulate skin scarring and fibrosis. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2019; 146:37-59. [PMID: 30172924 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2018.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2018] [Revised: 07/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Skin is the largest organ of the human body. Being the interface between the body and the outer environment, makes it susceptible to physical injury. To maintain life, nature has endowed skin with a fast healing response that invariably ends in the formation of scar at the wounded dermal area. In many cases, skin remodelling may be impaired, leading to local hypertrophic scars or keloids. One should also consider that the scarring process is part of the wound healing response, which always starts with inflammation. Thus, scarring can also be induced in the dermis, in the absence of an actual wound, during chronic inflammatory processes. Considering the significant portion of the population that is subject to abnormal scarring, this review critically discusses the state-of-the-art and upcoming therapies in skin scarring and fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Q Coentro
- Regenerative, Modular & Developmental Engineering Laboratory (REMODEL), Biomedical Sciences Building, National University of Ireland Galway (NUI, Galway), Galway, Ireland; Science Foundation Ireland (SFI), Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CÚRAM), Biomedical Sciences Building, National University of Ireland Galway (NUI, Galway), Galway, Ireland
| | - Eugenia Pugliese
- Regenerative, Modular & Developmental Engineering Laboratory (REMODEL), Biomedical Sciences Building, National University of Ireland Galway (NUI, Galway), Galway, Ireland; Science Foundation Ireland (SFI), Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CÚRAM), Biomedical Sciences Building, National University of Ireland Galway (NUI, Galway), Galway, Ireland
| | - Geoffrey Hanley
- Regenerative, Modular & Developmental Engineering Laboratory (REMODEL), Biomedical Sciences Building, National University of Ireland Galway (NUI, Galway), Galway, Ireland; Science Foundation Ireland (SFI), Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CÚRAM), Biomedical Sciences Building, National University of Ireland Galway (NUI, Galway), Galway, Ireland
| | - Michael Raghunath
- Center for Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering, Institute for Chemistry and Biotechnology (ICBT), Zurich University of Applied Sciences (ZHAW), Wädenswil, Switzerland
| | - Dimitrios I Zeugolis
- Regenerative, Modular & Developmental Engineering Laboratory (REMODEL), Biomedical Sciences Building, National University of Ireland Galway (NUI, Galway), Galway, Ireland; Science Foundation Ireland (SFI), Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CÚRAM), Biomedical Sciences Building, National University of Ireland Galway (NUI, Galway), Galway, Ireland.
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42
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Jordan LA, Erlandsson MC, Fenner BF, Davies R, Harvey AK, Choy EH, Errington R, Bokarewa MI, Williams AS. Inhibition of CCL3 abrogated precursor cell fusion and bone erosions in human osteoclast cultures and murine collagen-induced arthritis. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2019; 57:2042-2052. [PMID: 30053130 PMCID: PMC6199535 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/key196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Macrophage inflammatory protein 1-alpha (CCL3) is a chemokine that regulates macrophage trafficking to the inflamed joint. The agonistic effect of CCL3 on osteolytic lesions in patients with multiple myeloma is recognized; however, its role in skeletal damage during inflammatory arthritis has not been established. The aim of the study was to explore the role of osteoclast-associated CCL3 upon bone resorption, and to test its pharmacological blockade for protecting against bone pathology during inflammatory arthritis. Methods CCL3 production was studied during osteoclast differentiation from osteoclast precursor cells: human CD14-positive mononuclear cells. Mice with CIA were treated with an anti-CCL3 antibody. The effect of CCL3 blockade through mAb was studied through osteoclast number, cytokine production and bone resorption on ivory disks, and in vivo through CIA progression (clinical score, paw diameter, synovial inflammation and bone damage). Results Over time, CCL3 increased in parallel with the number of osteoclasts in culture. Anti-CCL3 treatment achieved a concentration-dependent inhibition of osteoclast fusion and reduced pit formation on ivory disks (P ⩽ 0.05). In CIA, anti-CCL3 treatment reduced joint damage and significantly decreased multinucleated tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase-positive osteoclasts and erosions in the wrists (P < 0.05) and elbows (P < 0.05), while also reducing joint erosions in the hind (P < 0.01) and fore paws (P < 0.01) as confirmed by X-ray. Conclusion Inhibition of osteoclast-associated CCL3 reduced osteoclast formation and function whilst attenuating arthritis-associated bone loss and controlling development of erosion in murine joints, thus uncoupling bone damage from inflammation. Our findings may help future innovations for the diagnosis and treatment of inflammatory arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren A Jordan
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff, Wales, UK.,The Cardiff Regional Experimental Arthritis Treatment and Evaluation (CREATE) Centre, Cardiff, Wales, UK
| | - Malin C Erlandsson
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, The University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
| | | | - Ruth Davies
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff, Wales, UK.,The Cardiff Regional Experimental Arthritis Treatment and Evaluation (CREATE) Centre, Cardiff, Wales, UK
| | - Ann K Harvey
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff, Wales, UK
| | - Ernest H Choy
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff, Wales, UK.,The Cardiff Regional Experimental Arthritis Treatment and Evaluation (CREATE) Centre, Cardiff, Wales, UK
| | - Rachel Errington
- Division of Cancer and Genetics, Cardiff University, School of Medicine, Cardiff, UK
| | - Maria I Bokarewa
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, The University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Anwen S Williams
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff, Wales, UK.,The Cardiff Regional Experimental Arthritis Treatment and Evaluation (CREATE) Centre, Cardiff, Wales, UK
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Hoshino‐Negishi K, Ohkuro M, Nakatani T, Kuboi Y, Nishimura M, Ida Y, Kakuta J, Hamaguchi A, Kumai M, Kamisako T, Sugiyama F, Ikeda W, Ishii N, Yasuda N, Imai T. Role of Anti‐Fractalkine Antibody in Suppression of Joint Destruction by Inhibiting Migration of Osteoclast Precursors to the Synovium in Experimental Arthritis. Arthritis Rheumatol 2019; 71:222-231. [DOI: 10.1002/art.40688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Yoko Ida
- KAN Research Institute, Inc. Kobe Japan
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Roblek M, Protsyuk D, Becker PF, Stefanescu C, Gorzelanny C, Glaus Garzon JF, Knopfova L, Heikenwalder M, Luckow B, Schneider SW, Borsig L. CCL2 Is a Vascular Permeability Factor Inducing CCR2-Dependent Endothelial Retraction during Lung Metastasis. Mol Cancer Res 2018; 17:783-793. [PMID: 30552233 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-18-0530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Revised: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Increased levels of the chemokine CCL2 in cancer patients are associated with poor prognosis. Experimental evidence suggests that CCL2 correlates with inflammatory monocyte recruitment and induction of vascular activation, but the functionality remains open. Here, we show that endothelial Ccr2 facilitates pulmonary metastasis using an endothelial-specific Ccr2-deficient mouse model (Ccr2ecKO). Similar levels of circulating monocytes and equal leukocyte recruitment to metastatic lesions of Ccr2ecKO and Ccr2fl/fl littermates were observed. The absence of endothelial Ccr2 strongly reduced pulmonary metastasis, while the primary tumor growth was unaffected. Despite a comparable cytokine milieu in Ccr2ecKO and Ccr2fl/fl littermates the absence of vascular permeability induction was observed only in Ccr2ecKO mice. CCL2 stimulation of pulmonary endothelial cells resulted in increased phosphorylation of MLC2, endothelial cell retraction, and vascular leakiness that was blocked by an addition of a CCR2 inhibitor. These data demonstrate that endothelial CCR2 expression is required for tumor cell extravasation and pulmonary metastasis. IMPLICATIONS: The findings provide mechanistic insight into how CCL2-CCR2 signaling in endothelial cells promotes their activation through myosin light chain phosphorylation, resulting in endothelial retraction and enhanced tumor cell migration and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marko Roblek
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich and Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Darya Protsyuk
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich and Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Paul F Becker
- Institute of Virology, Technische Universität München/Helmholtz Zentrum Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Cristina Stefanescu
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich and Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christian Gorzelanny
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jesus F Glaus Garzon
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich and Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lucia Knopfova
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.,International Clinical Research Center, Center for Biological and Cellular Engineering, St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Mathias Heikenwalder
- Institute of Virology, Technische Universität München/Helmholtz Zentrum Munich, Munich, Germany.,German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), Division of Chronic Inflammation and Cancer, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Bruno Luckow
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, LMU München, Munich, Germany
| | - Stefan W Schneider
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Lubor Borsig
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich and Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, Zurich, Switzerland.
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45
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Improvement of pharmacokinetic properties of therapeutic antibodies by antibody engineering. Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2018; 34:25-41. [PMID: 30472066 DOI: 10.1016/j.dmpk.2018.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Revised: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have become an important therapeutic option for several diseases. Since several mAbs have shown promising efficacy in clinic, the competition to develop mAbs has become severe. In efforts to gain a competitive advantage over other mAbs and provide significant benefits to patients, innovations in antibody engineering have aimed at improving the pharmacokinetic properties of mAbs. Because engineering can provide therapeutics that are more convenient, safer, and more efficacious for patients in several disease areas, it is an attractive approach to provide significant benefits to patients. Further advances in engineering mAbs to modulate their pharmacokinetics were driven by the increase of total soluble target antigen concentration that is often observed after injecting a mAb, which then requires a high dosage to antagonize. To decrease the required dosage, several antibody engineering techniques have been invented that reduce the total concentration of soluble target antigen. Here, we review the various ways that antibody engineering can improve the pharmacokinetic properties of mAbs.
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46
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Pickles T, Christensen R, Tam LS, Simon LS, Choy EH. Early phase and adaptive design clinical trials in rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic review of early phase trials. Rheumatol Adv Pract 2018; 2:rky045. [PMID: 31431982 PMCID: PMC6649924 DOI: 10.1093/rap/rky045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Revised: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Adaptive designs can enable highly sophisticated and efficient early phase trials, but the clinical inference from these trials is surrounded by complexity, and currently there is a paucity but steadily increasing amount of use of these designs in all fields of medicine. We aim to review early phase trials in RA to discover those that have used adaptive designs and benchmark trial characteristics. Methods From an OVID search for journal articles reporting the results of early phase trials in rheumatology, 35 studies were found, with 9 subsequently excluded; 11 were added from manual searches and 19 from searching the references. Study characteristics were extracted from the 56 papers (describing 62 trials), including the number of arms, number of patients, the primary outcome and when it was measured. Result One early phase trial using an adaptive design was found. The benchmark early phase trial in RA is a phase II double-blinded randomized trial, with four arms (one control and three intervention), each with 34 patients, and ACR20 measured at 16 weeks as the primary outcome. Conclusion The one adaptive design reviewed here, and a simulation study found in the search, both indicate that adaptive designs can be applied to early phase trials in RA. We have described the benchmark, which the efficiency of early phase trials using an adaptive design needs to exceed. These efficient designs could drive down numbers required, time for data collection and thus cost. Changes have been suggested, but more needs to be done.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Pickles
- Cardiff Regional Experimental Arthritis Treatment and Evaluation (CREATE) Centre, Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Cardiff University.,Centre for Trials Research, College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Robin Christensen
- Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, The Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lai-Shan Tam
- Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | | | - Ernest H Choy
- Cardiff Regional Experimental Arthritis Treatment and Evaluation (CREATE) Centre, Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Cardiff University
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Triulzi T, Forte L, Regondi V, Di Modica M, Ghirelli C, Carcangiu ML, Sfondrini L, Balsari A, Tagliabue E. HER2 signaling regulates the tumor immune microenvironment and trastuzumab efficacy. Oncoimmunology 2018; 8:e1512942. [PMID: 30546951 PMCID: PMC6287794 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2018.1512942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Revised: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Through whole-transcriptome profiling of HER2+ breast carcinomas (BCs), we previously showed that those sensitive to trastuzumab are addicted to this oncoprotein and are enriched in immune pathways, raising the hypothesis that HER2 itself regulates immune cell recruitment. In the present study we investigated the relationship between HER2 activity and the pro-trastuzumab tumor immune milieu. Gene expression profiling and immunohistochemistry analysis of 53 HER2+ BCs showed that trastuzumab-sensitive tumors expressed significantly higher levels of chemokines involved in immune cell recruitment, with higher infiltration of T cells and monocytes, and higher levels of PD-1 ligands than tumors that do not benefit from trastuzumab. In vitro analysis in HER2+ BC cells revealed that CCL2 production was induced by HER2 stimulation with EGF/HRG via the PI3K-NF-kB axis, and down-modulated by HER2 inhibition with trastuzumab. CCL2 expression was higher in HER2+/ER- than HER2+/ER+ BC cell lines, and degradation of ER by fulvestrant induced an enhancement in NF-κB transcriptional activity and consequent CCL2 expression. Trastuzumab efficacy relied on CCL2 levels and monocytes present in the tumor microenvironment in FVB mice bearing HER2+ mammary carcinoma cells. HER2 signals were also found to sustain the expression of PD-1 ligands in tumor cells via the MEK pathway. Overall, our results support the concept that the activated HER2 oncogene regulates recruitment and activation of tumor infiltrating immune cells and trastuzumab activity by inducing CCL2 and PD-1 ligands and that ER activity negatively controls the HER2-driven pro-trastuzumab tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiziana Triulzi
- Molecular Targeting Unit, Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Forte
- Molecular Targeting Unit, Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Viola Regondi
- Molecular Targeting Unit, Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Martina Di Modica
- Molecular Targeting Unit, Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Cristina Ghirelli
- Molecular Targeting Unit, Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Luisa Carcangiu
- Anatomic Pathology A Unit, Department of Pathology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Lucia Sfondrini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche per la Salute, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Balsari
- Molecular Targeting Unit, Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori of Milan, Milan, Italy.,Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche per la Salute, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Elda Tagliabue
- Molecular Targeting Unit, Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Cecchi I, Arias de la Rosa I, Menegatti E, Roccatello D, Collantes-Estevez E, Lopez-Pedrera C, Barbarroja N. Neutrophils: Novel key players in Rheumatoid Arthritis. Current and future therapeutic targets. Autoimmun Rev 2018; 17:1138-1149. [PMID: 30217550 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2018.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is a complex systemic autoimmune disease in which various cell types are involved. Among them, neutrophils have been recognized as important players in the onset and the progression of RA. The pathogenic role of neutrophils in RA lies in the alteration of several processes, including increased cell survival and migratory capacity, abnormal inflammatory activity, elevated oxidative stress and an exacerbated release of neutrophil extracellular traps. Through these mechanisms, neutrophils can activate other immune cells, thus perpetuating inflammation and leading to the destruction of the cartilage and bone of the affected joint. Given the considerable contribution of neutrophils to the pathophysiology of RA, several studies have attempted to clarify the effects of various therapeutic agents on this subtype of leukocyte. To date, recent studies have envisaged the role of new molecules on the pathogenic profile of neutrophils in RA, which could represent novel targets in future therapies. In this review, we aim to review the pathogenic role of neutrophils in RA, the effect of conventional treatments and biologic therapies, and the new, potential targets of neutrophil-derived molecules for the treatment of RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Cecchi
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, Center of Research of Immunopathology and Rare Diseases - Coordinating Center of Piemonte and Valle d'Aosta Network for Rare Diseases, Turin, Italy
| | - Ivan Arias de la Rosa
- Rheumatology Service, Reina Sofia Hospital, Maimonides Institute for Research in Biomedicine of Cordoba (IMBIC), University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Elisa Menegatti
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, Center of Research of Immunopathology and Rare Diseases - Coordinating Center of Piemonte and Valle d'Aosta Network for Rare Diseases, Turin, Italy
| | - Dario Roccatello
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, Center of Research of Immunopathology and Rare Diseases - Coordinating Center of Piemonte and Valle d'Aosta Network for Rare Diseases, Turin, Italy
| | - Eduardo Collantes-Estevez
- Rheumatology Service, Reina Sofia Hospital, Maimonides Institute for Research in Biomedicine of Cordoba (IMBIC), University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Chary Lopez-Pedrera
- Rheumatology Service, Reina Sofia Hospital, Maimonides Institute for Research in Biomedicine of Cordoba (IMBIC), University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Nuria Barbarroja
- Rheumatology Service, Reina Sofia Hospital, Maimonides Institute for Research in Biomedicine of Cordoba (IMBIC), University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain.
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Angelini A, Miyabe Y, Newsted D, Kwan BH, Miyabe C, Kelly RL, Jamy MN, Luster AD, Wittrup KD. Directed evolution of broadly crossreactive chemokine-blocking antibodies efficacious in arthritis. Nat Commun 2018; 9:1461. [PMID: 29654232 PMCID: PMC5899157 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-03687-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemokine receptors typically have multiple ligands. Consequently, treatment with a blocking antibody against a single chemokine is expected to be insufficient for efficacy. Here we show single-chain antibodies can be engineered for broad crossreactivity toward multiple human and mouse proinflammatory ELR+ CXC chemokines. The engineered molecules recognize functional epitopes of ELR+ CXC chemokines and inhibit neutrophil activation ex vivo. Furthermore, an albumin fusion of the most crossreactive single-chain antibody prevents and reverses inflammation in the K/BxN mouse model of arthritis. Thus, we report an approach for the molecular evolution and selection of broadly crossreactive antibodies towards a family of structurally related, yet sequence-diverse protein targets, with general implications for the development of novel therapeutics. CXCR2 antagonism has been shown to be anti-arthritic, but anti-chemokine therapies usually fail in the clinic owing to redundancy in chemokine-receptor interactions. Here the authors develop single-chain antibodies with multiple chemokine specificities to achieve high affinity and broad specificity to mouse and human CXC chemokines with efficacy in a K/BxN serum transfer model of arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Angelini
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 500 Main Street, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA. .,Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA. .,Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, Venezia Mestre, 30172, Italy.
| | - Yoshishige Miyabe
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 149 Thirteenth Street, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Daniel Newsted
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 500 Main Street, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Byron H Kwan
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 500 Main Street, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.,Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Chie Miyabe
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 149 Thirteenth Street, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Ryan L Kelly
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 500 Main Street, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.,Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Misha N Jamy
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 500 Main Street, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Andrew D Luster
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 149 Thirteenth Street, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
| | - K Dane Wittrup
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 500 Main Street, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA. .,Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA. .,Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
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Pranzatelli MR. Advances in Biomarker-Guided Therapy for Pediatric- and Adult-Onset Neuroinflammatory Disorders: Targeting Chemokines/Cytokines. Front Immunol 2018; 9:557. [PMID: 29670611 PMCID: PMC5893838 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The concept and recognized components of “neuroinflammation” are expanding at the intersection of neurobiology and immunobiology. Chemokines (CKs), no longer merely necessary for immune cell trafficking and positioning, have multiple physiologic, developmental, and modulatory functionalities in the central nervous system (CNS) through neuron–glia interactions and other mechanisms affecting neurotransmission. They issue the “help me” cry of neurons and astrocytes in response to CNS injury, engaging invading lymphoid cells (T cells and B cells) and myeloid cells (dendritic cells, monocytes, and neutrophils) (adaptive immunity), as well as microglia and macrophages (innate immunity), in a cascade of events, some beneficial (reparative), others destructive (excitotoxic). Human cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) studies have been instrumental in revealing soluble immunobiomarkers involved in immune dysregulation, their dichotomous effects, and the cells—often subtype specific—that produce them. CKs/cytokines continue to be attractive targets for the pharmaceutical industry with varying therapeutic success. This review summarizes the developing armamentarium, complexities of not compromising surveillance/physiologic functions, and insights on applicable strategies for neuroinflammatory disorders. The main approach has been using a designer monoclonal antibody to bind directly to the chemo/cytokine. Another approach is soluble receptors to bind the chemo/cytokine molecule (receptor ligand). Recombinant fusion proteins combine a key component of the receptor with IgG1. An additional approach is small molecule antagonists (protein therapeutics, binding proteins, and protein antagonists). CK neutralizing molecules (“neutraligands”) that are not receptor antagonists, high-affinity neuroligands (“decoy molecules”), as well as neutralizing “nanobodies” (single-domain camelid antibody fragment) are being developed. Simultaneous, more precise targeting of more than one cytokine is possible using bispecific agents (fusion antibodies). It is also possible to inhibit part of a signaling cascade to spare protective cytokine effects. “Fusokines” (fusion of two cytokines or a cytokine and CK) allow greater synergistic bioactivity than individual cytokines. Another promising approach is experimental targeting of the NLRP3 inflammasome, amply expressed in the CNS and a key contributor to neuroinflammation. Serendipitous discovery is not to be discounted. Filling in knowledge gaps between pediatric- and adult-onset neuroinflammation by systematic collection of CSF data on CKs/cytokines in temporal and clinical contexts and incorporating immunobiomarkers in clinical trials is a challenge hereby set forth for clinicians and researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R Pranzatelli
- National Pediatric Neuroinflammation Organization, Inc., Orlando, FL, United States.,College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, United States
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