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Morrin AS, Eastham S, Williams AS, Jones GW. Tracking Cardiovascular Comorbidity in Models of Chronic Inflammatory Disease. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2691:123-137. [PMID: 37355542 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3331-1_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/26/2023]
Abstract
Immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs) are commonly associated with complex coexisting conditions, and cardiovascular comorbidities are a common cause of mortality in systemic inflammation. Experimental models of disease provide an opportunity to dissect inflammatory mechanisms that promote damage to vascular tissues affected by comorbidity. Here, we describe methods to recover the thoracic aorta from mice during experimental inflammatory arthritis and assess vascular constriction responses by isometric tension myography. To complement the assessment of functional changes in the vasculature during inflammatory arthritis, we also outline a method to characterize vascular inflammation by immunohistochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aisling S Morrin
- Division of Infection and Immunity, and Systems Immunity University Research Institute, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, UK
| | - Simon Eastham
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Biomedical Sciences Building, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Anwen S Williams
- Division of Infection and Immunity, and Systems Immunity University Research Institute, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, UK
| | - Gareth W Jones
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Biomedical Sciences Building, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
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2
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Bonnet CS, Gilbert SJ, Blain EJ, Williams AS, Mason DJ. AMPA/kainate glutamate receptor antagonists prevent posttraumatic osteoarthritis. JCI Insight 2020; 5:134055. [PMID: 32544091 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.134055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Musculoskeletal disorders represent the third greatest burden in terms of death and disability in the developed world. Osteoarthritis is the single greatest cause of chronic pain, has no cure, and affects 8.5 and 27 million people in the UK and US, respectively. Osteoarthritis is most prevalent in older people, but as it commonly occurs after joint injury, young people with such injuries are also susceptible. Painful joints are often treated with steroid or hyaluronic acid (HA) injections, but treatments to prevent subsequent joint degeneration remain elusive. In animals, joint injury increases glutamate release into the joint, acting on nerves to cause pain, and joint tissues to cause inflammation and degeneration. This study investigated synovial fluid glutamate concentrations and glutamate receptor (GluR) expression in injured human joints and compared the efficacy of GluR antagonists with current treatments in a mouse model of injury-induced osteoarthritis (ACL rupture). GluRs were expressed in the ligaments and meniscus after knee injury, and synovial fluid glutamate concentrations ranged from 19 to 129 μM. Intra-articular injection of NBQX (GluR antagonist) at the time of injury substantially reduced swelling and degeneration in the mouse ACL rupture model. HA had no effect, and Depo-Medrone reduced swelling for 1 day but increased degeneration by 50%. Intra-articular administration of NBQX modified both symptoms and disease to a greater extent than current treatments. There is an opportunity for repurposing related drugs, developed for CNS disorders and with proven safety in humans, to prevent injury-induced osteoarthritis. This could quickly reduce the substantial burden associated with osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cleo S Bonnet
- School of Biosciences.,Biomechanics and Bioengineering Research Centre Versus Arthritis, and
| | - Sophie J Gilbert
- School of Biosciences.,Biomechanics and Bioengineering Research Centre Versus Arthritis, and
| | - Emma J Blain
- School of Biosciences.,Biomechanics and Bioengineering Research Centre Versus Arthritis, and
| | - Anwen S Williams
- Biomechanics and Bioengineering Research Centre Versus Arthritis, and.,School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Deborah J Mason
- School of Biosciences.,Biomechanics and Bioengineering Research Centre Versus Arthritis, and
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3
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Collins FL, Stone MD, Turton J, McCabe LR, Wang ECY, Williams AS. Oestrogen-deficiency induces bone loss by modulating CD14 + monocyte and CD4 + T cell DR3 expression and serum TL1A levels. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2019; 20:326. [PMID: 31299941 PMCID: PMC6626337 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-019-2704-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Oestrogen-deficiency induced by menopause is associated with reduced bone density and primary osteoporosis, resulting in an increased risk of fracture. While the exact etiology of menopause-induced primary osteoporotic bone loss is not fully known, members of the tumour necrosis factor super family (TNFSF) are known to play a role. Recent studies have revealed that the TNFSF members death receptor 3 (DR3) and one of its ligands, TNF-like protein 1A (TL1A) have a key role in secondary osteoporosis; enhancing CD14+ peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) osteoclast formation and bone resorption. Whether DR3 and TL1A contribute towards bone loss in menopause-induced primary osteoporosis however, remains unknown. Methods To investigate this we performed flow cytometry analysis of DR3 expression on CD14+ PBMCs isolated from pre- and early post-menopausal females and late post-menopausal osteoporotic patients. Serum levels of TL1A, CCL3 and total MMP-9 were measured by ELISA. In vitro osteoclast differentiation assays were performed to determine CD14+ monocyte osteoclastogenic potential. In addition, splenic CD4+ T cell DR3 expression was investigated 1 week and 8 weeks post-surgery, using the murine ovariectomy model. Results In contrast to pre-menopausal females, CD14+ monocytes isolated from post-menopausal females were unable to induce DR3 expression. Serum TL1A levels were decreased approx. 2-fold in early post-menopausal females compared to pre-menopausal controls and post-menopausal osteoporotic females; no difference was observed between pre-menopausal and late post-menopausal osteoporotic females. Analysis of in vitro CD14+ monocyte osteoclastogenic potential revealed no significant difference between the post-menopausal and post-menopausal osteoporotic cohorts. Interestingly, in the murine ovariectomy model splenic CD4+ T cell DR3 expression was significantly increased at 1 week but not 8 weeks post-surgery when compared to the sham control. Conclusion Our results reveals for the first time that loss of oestrogen has a significant effect on DR3; decreasing expression on CD14+ monocytes and increasing expression on CD4+ T cells. These data suggest that while oestrogen-deficiency induced changes in DR3 expression do not affect late post-menopausal bone loss they could potentially have an indirect role in early menopausal bone loss through the modulation of T cell activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fraser L Collins
- Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK. .,Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
| | - Michael D Stone
- University Hospital Llandough, Cardiff & Vale University Health Board, Cardiff, UK
| | - Jane Turton
- University Hospital Llandough, Cardiff & Vale University Health Board, Cardiff, UK
| | - Laura R McCabe
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Eddie C Y Wang
- Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Anwen S Williams
- Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
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4
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Jordan LA, Erlandsson MC, Fenner BF, Davies R, Harvey AK, Choy EH, Errington R, Bokarewa MI, Williams AS. Inhibition of CCL3 abrogated precursor cell fusion and bone erosions in human osteoclast cultures and murine collagen-induced arthritis. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2019; 57:2042-2052. [PMID: 30053130 PMCID: PMC6199535 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/key196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Macrophage inflammatory protein 1-alpha (CCL3) is a chemokine that regulates macrophage trafficking to the inflamed joint. The agonistic effect of CCL3 on osteolytic lesions in patients with multiple myeloma is recognized; however, its role in skeletal damage during inflammatory arthritis has not been established. The aim of the study was to explore the role of osteoclast-associated CCL3 upon bone resorption, and to test its pharmacological blockade for protecting against bone pathology during inflammatory arthritis. Methods CCL3 production was studied during osteoclast differentiation from osteoclast precursor cells: human CD14-positive mononuclear cells. Mice with CIA were treated with an anti-CCL3 antibody. The effect of CCL3 blockade through mAb was studied through osteoclast number, cytokine production and bone resorption on ivory disks, and in vivo through CIA progression (clinical score, paw diameter, synovial inflammation and bone damage). Results Over time, CCL3 increased in parallel with the number of osteoclasts in culture. Anti-CCL3 treatment achieved a concentration-dependent inhibition of osteoclast fusion and reduced pit formation on ivory disks (P ⩽ 0.05). In CIA, anti-CCL3 treatment reduced joint damage and significantly decreased multinucleated tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase-positive osteoclasts and erosions in the wrists (P < 0.05) and elbows (P < 0.05), while also reducing joint erosions in the hind (P < 0.01) and fore paws (P < 0.01) as confirmed by X-ray. Conclusion Inhibition of osteoclast-associated CCL3 reduced osteoclast formation and function whilst attenuating arthritis-associated bone loss and controlling development of erosion in murine joints, thus uncoupling bone damage from inflammation. Our findings may help future innovations for the diagnosis and treatment of inflammatory arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren A Jordan
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff, Wales, UK.,The Cardiff Regional Experimental Arthritis Treatment and Evaluation (CREATE) Centre, Cardiff, Wales, UK
| | - Malin C Erlandsson
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, The University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
| | | | - Ruth Davies
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff, Wales, UK.,The Cardiff Regional Experimental Arthritis Treatment and Evaluation (CREATE) Centre, Cardiff, Wales, UK
| | - Ann K Harvey
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff, Wales, UK
| | - Ernest H Choy
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff, Wales, UK.,The Cardiff Regional Experimental Arthritis Treatment and Evaluation (CREATE) Centre, Cardiff, Wales, UK
| | - Rachel Errington
- Division of Cancer and Genetics, Cardiff University, School of Medicine, Cardiff, UK
| | - Maria I Bokarewa
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, The University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Anwen S Williams
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff, Wales, UK.,The Cardiff Regional Experimental Arthritis Treatment and Evaluation (CREATE) Centre, Cardiff, Wales, UK
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Abstract
In vivo mouse models of inflammatory arthritis are extensively used to investigate pathogenic mechanisms governing inflammation-driven joint damage. Two commonly utilized models include collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) and methylated bovine serum albumin (mBSA) antigen-induced arthritis (AIA). These offer unique advantages for modeling different aspects of human disease. CIA involves breach of immunological tolerance resulting in systemic autoantibody-driven arthritis, while AIA results in local resolving inflammatory flares and articular T cell-mediated damage. Despite limitations that apply to all animal models of human disease, CIA and AIA have been instrumental in identifying pathogenic mediators, immune cell subsets and stromal cell responses that determine disease onset, progression, and severity. Moreover, these models have enabled investigation of disease phases not easily studied in patients and have served as testing beds for novel biological therapies, including cytokine blockers and small molecule inhibitors of intracellular signaling that have revolutionized rheumatoid arthritis treatment.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigens/adverse effects
- Arthritis, Experimental/etiology
- Arthritis, Experimental/metabolism
- Arthritis, Experimental/pathology
- Arthritis, Rheumatoid/etiology
- Arthritis, Rheumatoid/metabolism
- Arthritis, Rheumatoid/pathology
- Cytokines/metabolism
- Disease Models, Animal
- Humans
- Inflammation/etiology
- Inflammation/metabolism
- Inflammation/pathology
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Inbred DBA
- Serum Albumin, Bovine/administration & dosage
- Serum Albumin, Bovine/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Gareth W Jones
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Systems Immunity University Research Institute, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, UK.
| | - David G Hill
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Systems Immunity University Research Institute, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, UK
| | - Katie Sime
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Systems Immunity University Research Institute, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, UK
| | - Anwen S Williams
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Systems Immunity University Research Institute, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, UK
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6
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Abstract
The physiologic function of adipose tissue is altered by the host's inflammatory response; the implications for maintaining human health and regulating inflammation-associated disease progression are ill defined. However, this cannot be investigated in humans, therefore the use of animal models is required. With the aim to determine morphological and molecular alterations to perivascular and organ-associated adipose tissues during inflammatory arthritis, collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) was established in male DBA/1 mice. Emerging evidence from this study signposts CIA in the DBA/1 mouse as a model that is relevant to study the development and treatment of early cardiovascular pathology associated with inflammatory arthritis. Here, we show global morphological changes in adipose tissue and the thoracic aorta in animals induced with CIA compared with the non-immunized controls. In CIA, we concluded that the increased cell count in PVAT was, at least in part, caused by an ingress and/or expansion of macrophages that had a mixed phenotype. A substantial increase of galectin-3 was expressed in PVAT from mice with CIA. Galectin-3 is elevated in the blood of patients with CVDs, however, it has never before been measured in PVAT in rodents or humans. Here, PVAT-associated galectin-3 is identified as a potential biomarker for detecting early vascular pathology in CIA and a promising candidate for translation to RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie Sime
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Department of Rheumatology, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Ernest H. Choy
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Department of Rheumatology, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, United Kingdom
- The Cardiff Regional Experimental Arthritis Treatment and Evaluation Centre (CREATE Centre), Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Anwen S. Williams
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Department of Rheumatology, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, United Kingdom
- The Cardiff Regional Experimental Arthritis Treatment and Evaluation Centre (CREATE Centre), Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, United Kingdom
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7
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Collins FL, Williams JO, Bloom AC, Singh RK, Jordan L, Stone MD, McCabe LR, Wang ECY, Williams AS. CCL3 and MMP-9 are induced by TL1A during death receptor 3 (TNFRSF25)-dependent osteoclast function and systemic bone loss. Bone 2017; 97:94-104. [PMID: 28062298 PMCID: PMC5378198 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2017.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Revised: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Reduced bone density and secondary osteoporosis, resulting in increased risk of fracture, is a significant complicating factor in the inflammatory arthritides. While the exact etiology of systemic bone loss is not fully elucidated, recent insights into the tumor necrosis factor super family (TNFSF) revealed a potential role for death receptor 3 (DR3/TNFRSF25) and one of its ligands, TNF-like protein 1A (TL1A/TNFSF15). The mechanisms by which DR3/TL1A signalling modulates bone loss are unclear. We investigated the effect of DR3/TL1A signalling upon osteoclast-dependent chemokine and MMP production to unravel novel mechanisms whereby this pathway regulates OC formation and OC-dependent bone resorption. Collagen induced arthritis (CIA) was established in DR3wt and DR3ko mice, joints were sectioned and analysed histologically for bone damage while systemic trabecular bone loss distal to the affected joints was compared by micro-CT. Ablation of DR3 protected DBA/1 mice against the development and progression of CIA. In DR3ko, joints of the ankle and mid-foot were almost free of bone erosions and long bones of mice with CIA were protected against systemic trabecular bone loss. In vitro, expression of DR3 was confirmed on primary human CD14+ osteoclast precursors by flow cytometry. These cells were treated with TL1A in osteoclast differentiation medium and TRAP+ osteoclasts, bone resorption, levels of osteoclast-associated chemokines (CCL3, CCL2 and CXCL8) and MMP-9 measured. TL1A intensified human osteoclast differentiation and bone resorption and increased osteoclast-associated production of CCL3 and MMP-9. Our data reveals the DR3 pathway as an attractive therapeutic target to combat adverse bone pathology associated with inflammatory arthritis. We demonstrate that DR3 is critical in the pathogenesis of murine CIA and associated secondary osteoporosis. Furthermore, we identify a novel mechanism by which the DR3/TL1A pathway directly enhances human OC formation and resorptive activity, controlling expression and activation of CCL3 and MMP-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fraser L Collins
- Cardiff Institute of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom; Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Jessica O Williams
- Cardiff Institute of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Anja C Bloom
- Cardiff Institute of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Ravinder K Singh
- Cardiff Institute of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Lauren Jordan
- Cardiff Institute of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Michael D Stone
- University Hospital Llandough, Cardiff & Vale University Health Board, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Laura R McCabe
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA; Department of Radiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA; Biomedical Imaging Research Centre, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Eddie C Y Wang
- Cardiff Institute of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom.
| | - Anwen S Williams
- Cardiff Institute of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom.
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8
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Williams JO, Wang ECY, Lang D, Williams AS. Characterization of death receptor 3-dependent aortic changes during inflammatory arthritis. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2016; 4:e00240. [PMID: 27347421 PMCID: PMC4915515 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Revised: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Murine collagen-induced arthritis (mCIA) is characterized by decreased vascular constriction responses and increased MMP-9. Here, we describe additional histological alterations within the aorta and surrounding perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT), study the role of PVAT in constriction response, and investigate the potential involvement of death receptor 3 (DR3). mCIA was induced in wild-type (WT) and DR3-/- mice with nonimmunized, age-matched controls. Vascular function was determined in isolated aortic rings ±PVAT, using isometric tension myography, in response to cumulative serotonin concentrations. Cellular expression of F4/80 (macrophages), Ly6G (neutrophils), DR3, and MMP-9 was determined using immunohistochemistry. In WTs, arthritis-induced vascular dysfunction was associated with increased F4/80+ macrophages and increased DR3 expression in the aorta and PVAT. MMP-9 was also up-regulated in PVAT, but did not correlate with alterations of PVAT intact constriction. DR3-/- mice inherently showed increased leukocyte numbers and MMP-9 expression in the PVAT, but retained the same nonarthritic constriction response as DR3WT mice ±PVAT. Arthritic DR3-/- mice had a worsened constriction response than DR3WT and showed an influx of neutrophils to the aorta and PVAT. Macrophage numbers were also up-regulated in DR3-/- PVAT. Despite this influx, PVAT intact DR3-/- constriction responses were restored to the same level as DR3WT. Impaired vascular constriction in inflammatory arthritis occurs independently of total MMP-9 levels, but correlates with macrophage and neutrophil ingress. Ablating DR3 worsens the associated vasculature dysfunction, however, DR3-/- PVAT is able to protect the aorta against aberrant vasoconstriction caused in this model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica O. Williams
- Division of Infection and ImmunityCardiff University School of MedicineCardiffUnited Kingdom
| | - Eddie C. Y. Wang
- Division of Infection and ImmunityCardiff University School of MedicineCardiffUnited Kingdom
| | - Derek Lang
- Division of Medical EducationCardiff University School of MedicineCardiffUnited Kingdom
| | - Anwen S. Williams
- Division of Infection and ImmunityCardiff University School of MedicineCardiffUnited Kingdom
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9
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Harvey AK, Lelos MJ, Greenhill CJ, Jones AT, Clinch SP, Newton MJ, Dunnett SB, Wyatt SL, Williams AS, Jones SA. Novel Application of Behavioral Assays Allows Dissociation of Joint Pathology from Systemic Extra-Articular Alterations Induced by Inflammatory Arthritis. J Rheum Dis Treat 2016; 2:1510033. [PMID: 37220589 PMCID: PMC7614560 DOI: 10.23937/2469-5726/1510033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Although rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a disease of articular joints, patients often suffer from co-morbid neuropsychiatric changes, such as anxiety, that may reflect links between heightened systemic inflammation and abnormal regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. Here, we apply behavioral neuroscience methods to assess the impact of antigen-induced arthritis (AIA) on behavioral performance in wild type (WT) and interleukin-10 deficient (Il10-/-) mice. Our aim was to identify limb-specific motor impairments, as well as neuropsychological responses to inflammatory arthritis. Methods Behavioral testing was performed longitudinally in WT and Il10-/- mice before and after the induction of arthritic joint pathology. Footprint analysis, beam walking and open field assessment determined a range of motor, exploratory and anxiety-related parameters. Specific gene changes in HPA axis tissues were analyzed using qPCR. Results Behavioral assessment revealed transient motor and exploratory impairments in mice receiving AIA, coinciding with joint swelling. Hind limb coordination deficits were independent of joint pathology. Behavioral impairments returned to baseline by 10 days post-AIA in WT mice. Il10-/- mice demonstrated comparable levels of swelling and joint pathology as WT mice up to 15 days post-AIA, but systemic differences were evident in mRNA expression in HPA axis tissues from Il10-/- mice post-AIA. Interestingly, the behavioral profile of Il10-/- mice revealed a significantly longer time post-AIA for activity and anxiety-related behaviors to recover. Conclusions The novel application of sensitive behavioral tasks has enabled dissociation between behaviors that occur due to transient joint-specific pathology and those generated by more subtle systemic alterations that manifest post-AIA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann K Harvey
- Division of Infection & Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
- Arthritis Research UK Biomechanics and Bioengineering Centre, Cardiff University, UK
| | - Mariah J Lelos
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Museum Avenue, Cardiff, CF10 3AX, UK
| | - Claire J Greenhill
- Division of Infection & Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Ashley T Jones
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Museum Avenue, Cardiff, CF10 3AX, UK
| | - Susanne P Clinch
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Museum Avenue, Cardiff, CF10 3AX, UK
| | - Michael J Newton
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Museum Avenue, Cardiff, CF10 3AX, UK
| | - Stephen B Dunnett
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Museum Avenue, Cardiff, CF10 3AX, UK
| | - Sean L Wyatt
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Museum Avenue, Cardiff, CF10 3AX, UK
| | - Anwen S Williams
- Division of Infection & Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
- Arthritis Research UK Biomechanics and Bioengineering Centre, Cardiff University, UK
| | - Simon A Jones
- Division of Infection & Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
- Arthritis Research UK Biomechanics and Bioengineering Centre, Cardiff University, UK
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10
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Knight JC, Paisey SJ, Dabkowski AM, Marculescu C, Williams AS, Marshall C, Cornelissen B. Scaling-down antibody radiolabeling reactions with zirconium-89. Dalton Trans 2016; 45:6343-7. [PMID: 26986633 DOI: 10.1039/c5dt04774a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2024]
Abstract
The most widely cited procedures for radiolabeling antibodies with zirconium-89 for immuno-PET require multi-milligram amounts of antibody which can be cost-prohibitive, particularly during the research and development process. We therefore sought to develop a reliable (89)Zr-radiolabeling procedure that provides high radiochemical yields at the microgram scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- James C Knight
- CR-UK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7LJ, UK
| | - Stephen J Paisey
- Wales Research & Diagnostic PET Imaging Centre (PETIC), Institute for Translation, Innovation, Methodology & Engagement (TIME), School of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, UK
| | - Adam M Dabkowski
- Wales Research & Diagnostic PET Imaging Centre (PETIC), Institute for Translation, Innovation, Methodology & Engagement (TIME), School of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, UK
| | - Cristina Marculescu
- CR-UK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7LJ, UK
| | - Anwen S Williams
- Institute of infection and immunity, School of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, UK
| | - Christopher Marshall
- Wales Research & Diagnostic PET Imaging Centre (PETIC), Institute for Translation, Innovation, Methodology & Engagement (TIME), School of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, UK
| | - Bart Cornelissen
- CR-UK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7LJ, UK
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11
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Bloom AC, Collins FL, Van't Hof RJ, Ryan ES, Jones E, Hughes TR, Morgan BP, Erlandsson M, Bokarewa M, Aeschlimann D, Evans BAJ, Williams AS. Deletion of the membrane complement inhibitor CD59a drives age and gender-dependent alterations to bone phenotype in mice. Bone 2016; 84:253-261. [PMID: 26721735 PMCID: PMC4764651 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2015.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Revised: 12/11/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Degenerative joint diseases such as osteoarthritis are characterised by aberrant region-specific bone formation and abnormal bone mineral content. A recent study suggested a role for the complement membrane attack complex in experimental models of osteoarthritis. Since CD59a is the principal regulator of the membrane attack complex in mice, we evaluated the impact of CD59a gene deletion upon maintenance of bone architecture. In vivo bone morphology analysis revealed that male CD59a-deficient mice have increased femur length and cortical bone volume, albeit with reduced bone mineral density. However, this phenomenon was not observed in female mice. Histomorphometric analysis of the trabecular bone showed increased rates of bone homeostasis, with both increased bone resorption and mineral apposition rate in CD59a-deficient male mice. When bone cells were studied in isolation, in vitro osteoclastogenesis was significantly increased in male CD59a-deficient mice, although osteoblast formation was not altered. Our data reveal, for the first time, that CD59a is a regulator of bone growth and homeostasis. CD59a ablation in male mice results in longer and wider bones, but with less density, which is likely a major contributing factor for their susceptibility to osteoarthritis. These findings increase our understanding of the role of complement regulation in degenerative arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja C Bloom
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Fraser L Collins
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Rob J Van't Hof
- Bone Research Group, Institute of Ageing & Chronic Disease, University ofLiverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Elizabeth S Ryan
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Emma Jones
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Timothy R Hughes
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - B Paul Morgan
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Malin Erlandsson
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, University of Göteborg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Maria Bokarewa
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, University of Göteborg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Daniel Aeschlimann
- Matrix Biology and Tissue Repair, Dental School, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK; Arthritis Research UK Centre for Biomechanics and Bioengineering, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Bronwen A J Evans
- Institute of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK; Arthritis Research UK Centre for Biomechanics and Bioengineering, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Anwen S Williams
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK; Arthritis Research UK Centre for Biomechanics and Bioengineering, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.
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Jones GW, Bombardieri M, Greenhill CJ, McLeod L, Nerviani A, Rocher-Ros V, Cardus A, Williams AS, Pitzalis C, Jenkins BJ, Jones SA. Interleukin-27 inhibits ectopic lymphoid-like structure development in early inflammatory arthritis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 212:1793-802. [PMID: 26417004 PMCID: PMC4612100 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20132307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2013] [Accepted: 08/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Decreased interleukin-27 signaling in humans and mice induces the formation of ectopic lymphoid-like structures (ELSs), which are associated with severe disease pathology and resistance to biological therapy in rheumatoid arthritis patients. Increased numbers of podoplanin-expressing Th17 cells in the absence of IL-27R signaling may be involved in driving ELS formation. Ectopic lymphoid-like structures (ELSs) reminiscent of secondary lymphoid organs often develop at sites of chronic inflammation where they contribute to immune-mediated pathology. Through evaluation of synovial tissues from rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients, we now show that low interleukin-27 (IL-27) expression corresponds with an increased incidence of ELS and gene signatures associated with their development and activity. The presence of synovial ELS was also noted in mice deficient in the IL-27 receptor (IL-27R) after the onset of inflammatory arthritis. Here, pathology was associated with increased synovial expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, homeostatic chemokines, and transcriptional regulators linked with lymphoid neogenesis. In both clinical and experimental RA, synovial ELS coincided with the heightened local expression of cytokines and transcription factors of the Th17 and T follicular helper (Tfh) cell lineages, and included podoplanin-expressing T cells within lymphoid aggregates. IL-27 inhibited the differentiation of podoplanin-expressing Th17 cells, and an increased number of these cells were observed in IL-27R–deficient mice with inflammatory arthritis. Thus, IL-27 appears to negatively regulate ELS development in RA through control of effector T cells. These studies open new opportunities for patient stratification and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gareth W Jones
- Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3XQ, Wales, UK
| | - Michele Bombardieri
- Centre for Experimental Medicine and Rheumatology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, John Vane Science Centre, London EC1M 6BQ, England, UK
| | - Claire J Greenhill
- Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3XQ, Wales, UK
| | - Louise McLeod
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson (formerly Monash) Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Alessandra Nerviani
- Centre for Experimental Medicine and Rheumatology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, John Vane Science Centre, London EC1M 6BQ, England, UK
| | - Vidalba Rocher-Ros
- Centre for Experimental Medicine and Rheumatology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, John Vane Science Centre, London EC1M 6BQ, England, UK
| | - Anna Cardus
- Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3XQ, Wales, UK
| | - Anwen S Williams
- Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3XQ, Wales, UK
| | - Costantino Pitzalis
- Centre for Experimental Medicine and Rheumatology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, John Vane Science Centre, London EC1M 6BQ, England, UK
| | - Brendan J Jenkins
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson (formerly Monash) Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Simon A Jones
- Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3XQ, Wales, UK
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Wang ECY, Newton Z, Hayward OA, Clark SR, Collins F, Perks WV, Singh RK, Twohig JP, Williams AS. Regulation of early cartilage destruction in inflammatory arthritis by death receptor 3. Arthritis Rheumatol 2014; 66:2762-72. [PMID: 25044706 PMCID: PMC4286106 DOI: 10.1002/art.38770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2013] [Accepted: 06/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Objective To investigate the role of death receptor 3 (DR-3) and its ligand tumor necrosis factor–like molecule 1A (TL1A) in the early stages of inflammatory arthritis. Methods Antigen-induced arthritis (AIA) was generated in C57BL/6 mice deficient in the DR-3 gene (DR3−/−) and their DR3+/+ (wild-type) littermates by priming and intraarticular injection of methylated bovine serum albumin. The joints were sectioned and analyzed histochemically for damage to cartilage and expression of DR3, TL1A, Ly-6G (a marker for neutrophils), the gelatinase matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9), the aggrecanase ADAMTS-5, and the neutrophil chemoattractant CXCL1. In vitro production of MMP-9 was measured in cultures from fibroblasts, macrophages, and neutrophils following the addition of TL1A and other proinflammatory stimuli. Results DR3 expression was up-regulated in the joints of wild-type mice following generation of AIA. DR3−/− mice were protected against cartilage damage compared with wild-type mice, even at early time points prior to the main accumulation of Teff cells in the joint. Early protection against AIA in vivo correlated with reduced levels of MMP-9. In vitro, neutrophils were major producers of MMP-9, while neutrophil numbers were reduced in the joints of DR3−/− mice. However, TL1A neither induced MMP-9 release nor affected the survival of neutrophils. Instead, reduced levels of CXCL1 were observed in the joints of DR3−/− mice. Conclusion DR-3 drives early cartilage destruction in the AIA model of inflammatory arthritis through the release of CXCL1, maximizing neutrophil recruitment to the joint and leading to enhanced local production of cartilage-destroying enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eddie C Y Wang
- Cardiff Institute of Infection & Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, Wales, UK
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Greenhill CJ, Jones GW, Nowell MA, Newton Z, Harvey AK, Moideen AN, Collins FL, Bloom AC, Coll RC, Robertson AAB, Cooper MA, Rosas M, Taylor PR, O'Neill LA, Humphreys IR, Williams AS, Jones SA. Interleukin-10 regulates the inflammasome-driven augmentation of inflammatory arthritis and joint destruction. Arthritis Res Ther 2014; 16:419. [PMID: 25175678 PMCID: PMC4292830 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-014-0419-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2013] [Accepted: 08/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Activation of the inflammasome has been implicated in the pathology of various autoinflammatory and autoimmune diseases. While the NLRP3 inflammasome has been linked to arthritis progression, little is known about its synovial regulation or contribution to joint histopathology. Regulators of inflammation activation, such as interleukin (IL)-10, may have the potential to limit the inflammasome-driven arthritic disease course and associated structural damage. Hence, we used IL-10-deficient (IL-10KO) mice to assess NLRP3 inflammasome-driven arthritic pathology. Methods Antigen-induced arthritis (AIA) was established in IL-10KO mice and wild-type controls. Using histological and radiographic approaches together with quantitative real-time PCR of synovial mRNA studies, we explored the regulation of inflammasome components. These were combined with selective blocking agents and ex vivo investigative studies in osteoclast differentiation assays. Results In AIA, IL-10KO mice display severe disease with increased histological and radiographic joint scores. Here, focal bone erosions were associated with increased tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP)-positive cells and a localized expression of IL-1β. When compared to controls, IL-10KO synovium showed increased expression of Il1b, Il33 and NLRP3 inflammasome components. Synovial Nlrp3 and Casp1 expression further correlated with Acp5 (encoding TRAP), while neutralization of IL-10 receptor signaling in control mice caused increased expression of Nlrp3 and Casp1. In ex vivo osteoclast differentiation assays, addition of exogenous IL-10 or selective blockade of the NLRP3 inflammasome inhibited osteoclastogenesis. Conclusions These data provide a link between IL-10, synovial regulation of the NLRP3 inflammasome and the degree of bone erosions observed in inflammatory arthritis. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13075-014-0419-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Bonnet CS, Williams AS, Gilbert SJ, Harvey AK, Evans BA, Mason DJ. AMPA/kainate glutamate receptors contribute to inflammation, degeneration and pain related behaviour in inflammatory stages of arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 2013; 74:242-51. [PMID: 24130267 PMCID: PMC4283694 DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2013-203670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Objectives Synovial fluid glutamate concentrations increase in arthritis. Activation of kainate (KA) and α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) glutamate receptors (GluRs) increase interleukin-6 (IL-6) release and cause arthritic pain, respectively. We hypothesised that AMPA and KA GluRs are expressed in human arthritis, and that intra-articular NBQX (AMPA/KA GluR antagonist) prevents pain and pathology in antigen-induced arthritis (AIA). Methods GluR immunohistochemistry was related to synovial inflammation and degradation in osteoarthritis (OA) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). A single intra-articular NBQX injection was given at induction, and knee swelling and gait of AIA and AIA+NBQX rats compared over 21 days, before imaging, RT-qPCR, histology and immunohistochemistry of joints. Effects of NBQX on human primary osteoblast (HOB) activity were determined. Results AMPAR2 and KA1 immunolocalised to remodelling bone, cartilage and synovial cells in human OA and RA, and rat AIA. All arthritic tissues showed degradation and synovial inflammation. NBQX reduced GluR abundance, knee swelling (p<0.001, days 1–21), gait abnormalities (days 1–2), end-stage joint destruction (p<0.001), synovial inflammation (p<0.001), and messenger RNA expression of meniscal IL-6 (p<0.05) and whole joint cathepsin K (p<0.01). X-ray and MRI revealed fewer cartilage and bone erosions, and less inflammation after NBQX treatment. NBQX reduced HOB number and prevented mineralisation. Conclusions AMPA/KA GluRs are expressed in human OA and RA, and in AIA, where a single intra-articular injection of NBQX reduced swelling by 33%, and inflammation and degeneration scores by 34% and 27%, respectively, exceeding the efficacy of approved drugs in the same model. AMPA/KA GluR antagonists represent a potential treatment for arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cleo S Bonnet
- Arthritis Research UK Biomechanics and Bioengineering Centre, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Anwen S Williams
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Sophie J Gilbert
- Arthritis Research UK Biomechanics and Bioengineering Centre, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Ann K Harvey
- Arthritis Research UK Biomechanics and Bioengineering Centre, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Bronwen A Evans
- Institute of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Deborah J Mason
- Division of Pathophysiology and Repair, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
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Harvey AK, Greenhill CJ, Newton MJ, Lelos MJ, Dunnett SB, Williams AS, Wyatt SL, Jones SA. 115. Cytokine 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2013.06.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Jones GW, Bombardieri M, Greenhill CJ, McLeod L, Rocher V, Williams AS, Pitzalis C, Jenkins BJ, Jones SA. 134. Cytokine 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2013.06.137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Lauder SN, Jones E, Smart K, Bloom A, Williams AS, Hindley JP, Ondondo B, Taylor PR, Clement M, Fielding C, Godkin AJ, Jones SA, Gallimore AM. Interleukin-6 limits influenza-induced inflammation and protects against fatal lung pathology. Eur J Immunol 2013; 43:2613-25. [PMID: 23857287 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201243018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2012] [Revised: 05/07/2013] [Accepted: 07/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Balancing the generation of immune responses capable of controlling virus replication with those causing immunopathology is critical for the survival of the host and resolution of influenza-induced inflammation. Based on the capacity of interleukin-6 (IL-6) to govern both optimal T-cell responses and inflammatory resolution, we hypothesised that IL-6 plays an important role in maintaining this balance. Comparison of innate and adaptive immune responses in influenza-infected wild-type control and IL-6-deficient mice revealed striking differences in virus clearance, lung immunopathology and generation of heterosubtypic immunity. Mice lacking IL-6 displayed a profound defect in their ability to mount an anti-viral T-cell response. Failure to adequately control virus was further associated with an enhanced infiltration of inflammatory monocytes into the lung and an elevated production of the pro-inflammatory cytokines, IFN-α and TNF-α. These events were associated with severe lung damage, characterised by profound vascular leakage and death. Our data highlight an essential role for IL-6 in orchestrating anti-viral immunity through an ability to limit inflammation, promote protective adaptive immune responses and prevent fatal immunopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah N Lauder
- Cardiff Institute of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff, UK
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Jones GW, Greenhill CJ, Williams JO, Nowell MA, Williams AS, Jenkins BJ, Jones SA. Exacerbated inflammatory arthritis in response to hyperactive gp130 signalling is independent of IL-17A. Ann Rheum Dis 2013; 72:1738-42. [PMID: 23894061 PMCID: PMC3786637 DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2013-203771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Objective Interleukin (IL)-17A producing CD4 T-cells (TH-17 cells) are implicated in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). IL-6/STAT3 signalling drives TH-17 cell differentiation, and hyperactive gp130/STAT3 signalling in the gp130F/F mouse promotes exacerbated pathology. Conversely, STAT1-activating cytokines (eg, IL-27, IFN-γ) inhibit TH-17 commitment. Here, we evaluate the impact of STAT1 ablation on TH-17 cells during experimental arthritis and relate this to IL-17A-associated pathology. Methods Antigen-induced arthritis (AIA) was established in wild type (WT), gp130F/F mice displaying hyperactive gp130-mediated STAT signalling and the compound mutants gp130F/F:Stat1−/− and gp130F/F:Il17a−/− mice. Joint pathology and associated peripheral TH-17 responses were compared. Results Augmented gp130/STAT3 signalling enhanced TH-17 commitment in vitro and exacerbated joint pathology. Ablation of STAT1 in gp130F/F mice (gp130F/F:Stat1−/−) promoted the hyperexpansion of TH-17 cells in vitro and in vivo during AIA. Despite this heightened peripheral TH-17 cell response, disease severity and the number of joint-infiltrating T-cells were comparable with that of WT mice. Thus, gp130-mediated STAT1 activity within the inflamed synovium controls T-cell trafficking and retention. To determine the contribution of IL-17A, we generated gp130F/F:IL-17a−/− mice. Here, loss of IL-17A had no impact on arthritis severity. Conclusions Exacerbated gp130/STAT-driven disease in AIA is associated with an increase in joint infiltrating T-cells but synovial pathology is IL-17A independent.
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Affiliation(s)
- G W Jones
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, UK
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Reynolds SL, Williams AS, Williams H, Smale S, Stephenson HJ, Amos N, George SJ, O'Donnell VB, Lang D. Contractile, but not endothelial, dysfunction in early inflammatory arthritis: a possible role for matrix metalloproteinase-9. Br J Pharmacol 2013; 167:505-14. [PMID: 22506619 PMCID: PMC3449256 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2012.01988.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Excess morbidity/mortality in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is associated with increased incidence of cardiovascular disease. In this 'proof-of-concept' study, vascular function was characterized in the murine collagen-induced arthritis (mCIA) model, the benchmark choice for evaluation of the pathological processes and assessment of new therapies. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Mice in the very early stages of arthritis development [and appropriate naïve (non-immunized) age-matched controls] were used in the study. Blood pressure was measured using tail cuff plethysmography. Vascular function in rings of isolated aorta was studied with isometric tension myography. Levels of NO metabolites (NO(x)), MMP-9 protein and IL-1β in plasma and MMP-9 protein in aortic homogenates were quantified. KEY RESULTS Impaired vascular contractile responses in arthritis were unaffected by ex vivo inhibition of NOS (endothelial/neuronal and inducible) or COX activities. Endothelium-dependent and -independent relaxation, plasma NO(x) and blood pressure were unaffected by arthritis. Plasma and aortic homogenate MMP-9 protein levels were increased significantly in arthritis. Incubation of aortic tissues from naïve control animals with exogenous MMP-9 impaired subsequent contractile responses, mirroring that observed in arthritis. A role for IL-1β in perpetuating contractile dysfunction and increasing aortic MMP-9 was excluded. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS These data identify for the first time a relationship between early arthritis and contractile dysfunction and a possible role for MMP-9 therein, in the absence of overt endothelial dysfunction or increased NO production. As such, MMP-9 may constitute a significant target for early intervention in RA patients with a view to decreasing risk of cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- S l Reynolds
- Wales Heart Research Institute, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park Campus, Cardiff, UK
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Aggarwal RK, Allainguillaume J, Bajay MM, Barthwal S, Bertolino P, Chauhan P, Consuegra S, Croxford A, Dalton DL, den Belder E, Díaz-Ferguson E, Douglas MR, Drees M, Elderson J, Esselink GD, Fernández-Manjarrés JF, Frascaria-Lacoste N, Gäbler-Schwarz S, Garcia de Leaniz C, Ginwal HS, Goodisman MAD, Guo B, Hamilton MB, Hayes PK, Hong Y, Kajita T, Kalinowski ST, Keller L, Koop BF, Kotzé A, Lalremruata A, Leese F, Li C, Liew WY, Martinelli S, Matthews EA, Medlin LK, Messmer AM, Meyer EI, Monteiro M, Moyer GR, Nelson RJ, Nguyen TTT, Omoto C, Ono J, Pavinato VAC, Pearcy M, Pinheiro JB, Power LD, Rawat A, Reusch TBH, Sanderson D, Sannier J, Sathe S, Sheridan CK, Smulders MJM, Sukganah A, Takayama K, Tamura M, Tateishi Y, Vanhaecke D, Vu NV, Wickneswari R, Williams AS, Wimp GM, Witte V, Zucchi MI. Permanent genetic resources added to Molecular Ecology Resources Database 1 August 2010-30 September 2010. Mol Ecol Resour 2011; 11:219-22. [PMID: 21429127 DOI: 10.1111/j.1755-0998.2010.02944.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
This article documents the addition of 229 microsatellite marker loci to the Molecular Ecology Resources Database. Loci were developed for the following species: Acacia auriculiformis × Acacia mangium hybrid, Alabama argillacea, Anoplopoma fimbria, Aplochiton zebra, Brevicoryne brassicae, Bruguiera gymnorhiza, Bucorvus leadbeateri, Delphacodes detecta, Tumidagena minuta, Dictyostelium giganteum, Echinogammarus berilloni, Epimedium sagittatum, Fraxinus excelsior, Labeo chrysophekadion, Oncorhynchus clarki lewisi, Paratrechina longicornis, Phaeocystis antarctica, Pinus roxburghii and Potamilus capax. These loci were cross-tested on the following species: Acacia peregrinalis, Acacia crassicarpa, Bruguiera cylindrica, Delphacodes detecta, Tumidagena minuta, Dictyostelium macrocephalum, Dictyostelium discoideum, Dictyostelium purpureum, Dictyostelium mucoroides, Dictyostelium rosarium, Polysphondylium pallidum, Epimedium brevicornum, Epimedium koreanum, Epimedium pubescens, Epimedium wushanese and Fraxinus angustifolia.
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Affiliation(s)
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- Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology (CSIR), Hyderabad 500007, India
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Evans L, Williams AS, Hayes AJ, Jones SA, Nowell M. Suppression of leukocyte infiltration and cartilage degradation by selective inhibition of pre-B cell colony-enhancing factor/visfatin/nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase: Apo866-mediated therapy in human fibroblasts and murine collagen-induced arthrit. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 63:1866-77. [DOI: 10.1002/art.30338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Zhu M, Liu PY, Kasahara DI, Williams AS, Verbout NG, Halayko AJ, Fedulov A, Shoji T, Williams ES, Noma K, Shore SA, Liao JK. Role of Rho kinase isoforms in murine allergic airway responses. Eur Respir J 2011; 38:841-50. [PMID: 21565918 DOI: 10.1183/09031936.00125010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Inhibition of Rho-associated coiled-coil forming kinases (ROCKs) reduces allergic airway responses in mice. The purpose of this study was to determine the roles of the two ROCK isoforms, ROCK1 and ROCK2, in these responses. Wildtype (WT) mice and heterozygous ROCK1 and ROCK2 knockout mice (ROCK1(+/-) and ROCK2(+/-), respectively) were sensitised and challenged with ovalbumin. ROCK expression and activation were assessed by western blotting. Airway responsiveness was measured by forced oscillation. Bronchoalveolar lavage was performed and the lungs were fixed for histological assessment. Compared with WT mice, ROCK1 and ROCK2 expression were 50% lower in lungs of ROCK1(+/-) and ROCK2(+/-) mice, respectively, without changes in the other isoform. In WT lungs, ROCK activation increased after ovalbumin challenge and was sustained for several hours. This activation was reduced in ROCK1(+/-) and ROCK2(+/-) lungs. Airway responsiveness was comparable in WT, ROCK1(+/-), and ROCK2(+/-) mice challenged with PBS. Ovalbumin challenge caused airway hyperresponsiveness in WT, but not ROCK1(+/-) or ROCK2(+/-) mice. Lavage eosinophils and goblet cell hyperplasia were significantly reduced in ovalbumin-challenged ROCK1(+/-) and ROCK2(+/-) versus WT mice. Ovalbumin-induced changes in lavage interleukin-13, interleukin-5 and lymphocytes were also reduced in ROCK1(+/-) mice. In conclusion, both ROCK1 and ROCK2 are important in regulating allergic airway responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Zhu
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115-6021, USA
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Williams AS, Taylor G. Cromoglycate Absorption from Rabbit Lung After Administration of A Dextran Conjugate. J Pharm Pharmacol 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-7158.1990.tb14387.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Glyn Taylor
- Welsh School of Pharmacy, UWCC, PO Box 13, Cardiff
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Jones GW, Stumhofer JS, Foster T, Twohig JP, Hertzog P, Topley N, Williams AS, Hunter CA, Jenkins BJ, Wang ECY, Jones SA. Naive and activated T cells display differential responsiveness to TL1A that affects Th17 generation, maintenance, and proliferation. FASEB J 2011; 25:409-19. [PMID: 20826539 PMCID: PMC3005434 DOI: 10.1096/fj.10-166843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2010] [Accepted: 08/26/2010] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-like cytokine (TL1A) is a T-cell costimulator that bolsters cytokine-induced activation through death receptor 3 (DR3). To explore the relationship between T-cell activation and TL1A responsiveness, flow cytometry profiled DR3 expression in resting and activated T cells. In human CD4(+) T cells, DR3 was induced rapidly following activation and expressed prominently by interleukin (IL)-17-secreting T cells (Th17). Splenic T cells from wild-type and DR3-deficient mice showed that TL1A activation of DR3 inhibits Th17 generation (81 ± 2.6% at 100 ng/ml TL1A) from naive T cells. This response was not associated with suppression of T-cell proliferation. Using neutralizing antibodies or T cells derived from genetically modified mice, TL1A inhibition of Th17 development was found to be independent of IL-2, IL-27, γIFN, IFNAR1, and STAT1. Under suboptimal TCR activation, TL1A continued to block IL-17A secretion, however, the reduced threshold of TCR engagement was now linked with an increase in TL1A-driven proliferation. In contrast, fully committed Th17 cells displayed an altered TL1A responsiveness and in the absence of TCR costimulation supported the maintenance of T cell IL-17A expression. Consequently, TL1A orchestrates unique outcomes in naive and effector T-helper cells, which may affect the proliferation, differentiation and maintenance of Th17 cells in peripheral compartments and inflamed tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gareth W. Jones
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Biochemistry and
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Disease, Monash Institute of Medical Research, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; and
| | - Jason S. Stumhofer
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Tom Foster
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Biochemistry and
| | | | - Paul Hertzog
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Disease, Monash Institute of Medical Research, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; and
| | | | - Anwen S. Williams
- Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Christopher A. Hunter
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Brendan J. Jenkins
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Disease, Monash Institute of Medical Research, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; and
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Lissilaa R, Buatois V, Magistrelli G, Williams AS, Jones GW, Herren S, Shang L, Malinge P, Guilhot F, Chatel L, Hatterer E, Jones SA, Kosco-Vilbois MH, Ferlin WG. Although IL-6 trans-signaling is sufficient to drive local immune responses, classical IL-6 signaling is obligate for the induction of T cell-mediated autoimmunity. J Immunol 2010; 185:5512-21. [PMID: 20870936 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1002015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
IL-6-mediated T cell-driven immune responses are associated with signaling occurring through the membrane-bound cognate receptor α-chain (mIL-6Rα). Once formed, IL-6-mIL-6Rα complexes induce the homodimerization and subsequent phosphorylation of the ubiquitously expressed signal-transducing protein, gp130. This signaling event is defined as classical IL-6 signaling. However, many inflammatory processes assigned to IL-6 may be mediated via binding a naturally occurring soluble IL-6Rα, which forms an agonistic complex (IL-6/soluble IL-6Rα) capable of evoking responses on a wide range of cell types that lack mIL-6Rα (IL-6 trans-signaling). To dissect the differential contribution of the two IL-6 signaling pathways in cell-mediated inflammatory processes, we pharmaceutically targeted each using two murine models of human arthritis. Whereas intra-articular neutralization of trans-signaling attenuated local inflammatory responses, the classical pathway was found to be obligate and sufficient to induce pathogenic T cells and humoral responses, leading to systemic disease. Our data illustrate that mechanisms occurring in the secondary lymphoid organs underlying arthropathies are mediated via the classical pathway of IL-6 signaling, whereas trans-signaling contributes only at the local site, that is, in the affected tissues.
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Williams GR, Williams AS, George SA. Hybridization of leucyl-transfer ribonucleic Acid isoacceptors from green leaves with nuclear and chloroplast deoxyribonucleic Acid. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2010; 70:3498-501. [PMID: 16592122 PMCID: PMC427267 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.70.12.3498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromatographically distinct isoacceptors of leucyl-tRNA from mature bean leaves were all observed to hybridize with bean chloroplast and nuclear DNA in a ratio similar to that exhibited by the unfractionated leucyl-tRNA. Under the same hybridization conditions, maize tRNA failed to form a stable hybrid with bean DNA, and levels of hybridization between bean-leaf leucyl-tRNA and nuclear or chloroplast DNAs from tobacco and maize were relatively small.
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Affiliation(s)
- G R Williams
- Department of Botany, Indiana University, Bloomington, Ind. 47401
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Page CE, Smale S, Carty SM, Amos N, Lauder SN, Goodfellow RM, Richards PJ, Jones SA, Topley N, Williams AS. Interferon-gamma inhibits interleukin-1beta-induced matrix metalloproteinase production by synovial fibroblasts and protects articular cartilage in early arthritis. Arthritis Res Ther 2010; 12:R49. [PMID: 20307272 PMCID: PMC2888198 DOI: 10.1186/ar2960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2009] [Revised: 02/18/2010] [Accepted: 03/22/2010] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The first few months after symptom onset represents a pathologically distinct phase in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). We used relevant experimental models to define the pathological role of interferon-γ (IFN-γ) during early inflammatory arthritis. Methods We studied IFN-γ's capacity to modulate interleukin-1β (IL-1β) induced degenerative responses using RA fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS), a bovine articular cartilage explant (BACE)/RA-FLS co-culture model and an experimental inflammatory arthritis model (murine antigen-induced arthritis (AIA)). Results IFN-γ modulated IL-1β driven matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) synthesis resulting in the down-regulation of MMP-1 and MMP-3 production in vitro. IFN-γ did not affect IL-1β induced tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) production by RA FLS but skewed the MMP/TIMP-1 balance sufficiently to attenuate glycosaminoglycan-depletion in our BACE model. IFN-γ reduced IL-1β expression in the arthritic joint and prevented cartilage degeneration on Day 3 of AIA. Conclusions Early therapeutic intervention with IFN-γ may be critical to orchestrate tissue-protective responses during inflammatory arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte E Page
- Section of Rheumatology, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff and Vale NHS Trust, Cardiff, Wales, CF14 4XW, UK
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Jones GW, McLoughlin RM, Hammond VJ, Parker CR, Williams JD, Malhotra R, Scheller J, Williams AS, Rose-John S, Topley N, Jones SA. Loss of CD4+ T cell IL-6R expression during inflammation underlines a role for IL-6 trans signaling in the local maintenance of Th17 cells. J Immunol 2010; 184:2130-9. [PMID: 20083667 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.0901528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
IL-6 responses are classically orchestrated via a membrane-bound IL-6R (CD126) alpha subunit (classical IL-6R signaling) or through a soluble form of this cognate receptor (IL-6 trans signaling). Appraisal of IL-6R expression on human and mouse T cells emphasized that IL-6R expression is closely linked with that of CCR7 and CD62L. In this regard, infiltrating effector T cells from clinical and experimental peritonitis episodes lose IL-6R expression, and anti-CD3/CD28 Ab costimulation of peripheral T cells in vitro leads to a downregulation in IL-6R expression. Consequently, IL-6 signaling through membrane-bound IL-6R seems to be limited to naive or central memory T cell populations. Loss of IL-6R expression by activated T cells further suggests that these effector cells might still retain IL-6 responsiveness via IL-6 trans signaling. Using IL-6R-deficient mice and recombinant tools that modulate the capacity of IL-6 to signal via its soluble receptor, we report that local control of IL-6 trans signaling regulates the effector characteristics of the T cell infiltrate and promotes the maintenance of IL-17A-secreting CD4(+) T cells. Therefore, we concluded that classical IL-6R signaling in naive or central memory CD4(+) T cells is required to steer their effector characteristics, whereas local regulation of soluble IL-6R activity might serve to maintain the cytokine profile of the Th cell infiltrate. Therefore, the activation status of a T cell population is linked with an alteration in IL-6 responsiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gareth W Jones
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, UK
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Williams AS, Bull MJ, Mecklenburgh Z, Calder CJ, Twohig JP, Elford C, Evans B, Al-Shamkhani A, Wang E. A functional role for death receptor-3 in arthritis. Cytokine 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2009.07.568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Nowell MA, Williams AS, Carty SA, Scheller J, Hayes AJ, Jones GW, Richards PJ, Slinn S, Ernst M, Jenkins BJ, Topley N, Rose-John S, Jones SA. Therapeutic targeting of IL-6 trans signaling counteracts STAT3 control of experimental inflammatory arthritis. J Immunol 2009; 182:613-22. [PMID: 19109195 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.182.1.613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cytokine control of the synovial infiltrate is a central process in the development of inflammatory arthritis. In this study, we combine genetic approaches and intervention strategies to describe a fundamental requirement for IL-6-mediated STAT3 signaling in orchestrating the inflammatory infiltrate in monoarticular and systemic models of experimental arthritis. STAT3 activation via the common gp130 signal-transducing receptor for all IL-6-related cytokines led to increased retention of neutrophils and T cells within the inflamed synovium, which included STAT3-regulated IL-17A-secreting T cells. Control of leukocyte infiltration was reliant upon IL-6 signaling via its soluble receptor (termed IL-6 trans signaling), as evidenced by selective blockade of this alternative IL-6 signaling pathway using an engineered variant of soluble gp130 (sgp130Fc). This therapeutic intervention led to substantial clinical improvement in mice with emerging or established incidence of systemic arthritis. These data illustrate that IL-6 control of STAT3 is critical for regulating the synovial infiltrate in inflammatory arthritis, and suggest that selective inhibition of IL-6 trans signaling may provide a more refined intervention strategy for blocking IL-6-driven proarthritic activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mari A Nowell
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Immunology, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, United Kingdom
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Abstract
The trafficking of immune cells to inflamed joints is the hallmark of rheumatoid arthritis. It has been known for years that neutrophils are abundant in the rheumatoid joints and have the potential to inflict tissue damage by the secretion of oxidants and proteases; however, the crucial role of neutrophil trafficking to the joints has only been demonstrated in recent years using transgenic mice and animal models of the disease. This finding opens the door to potential therapies based on inhibition of neutrophil trafficking. In this issue of the European Journal of Immunology, a study reports the use of antisense RNA to knock down the expression of cytosolic phospholipase A2alpha in mice. This has a major effect on neutrophil trafficking into inflamed joints and reverses the inflammatory swelling and tissue damage in the animal model used. This puts cytosolic phospholipase A2alpha, alongside its product leukotriene B4, on the list of potential targets for reducing cell trafficking to the joint in chronic inflammatory diseases like rheumatoid arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurice B Hallett
- Neutrophil Signalling Group, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.
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Rabe B, Chalaris A, Adam N, Paliga K, Lange H, Laskay T, Fielding CA, Waetzig GH, Seegert D, Williams AS, Jones SA, Sina C, Rose-John S, Scheller J. 32 The role of IL6-transsignaling in acute and chronic inflammation. Cytokine 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2008.07.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Hams E, Colmont CS, Dioszeghy V, Hammond VJ, Fielding CA, Williams AS, Tanaka M, Miyajima A, Taylor PR, Topley N, Jones SA. Oncostatin M receptor-beta signaling limits monocytic cell recruitment in acute inflammation. J Immunol 2008; 181:2174-80. [PMID: 18641356 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.181.3.2174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Although the IL-6-related cytokine oncostatin M (OSM) affects processes associated with disease progression, the specific function of OSM in the face of an inflammatory challenge remains unclear. In this report, a peritoneal model of acute inflammation was used to define the influence of OSM on chemokine-mediated leukocyte recruitment. When compared with wild-type and IL-6-deficient mice, peritoneal inflammation in oncostatin M receptor-beta-deficient (OSMR-KO) mice resulted in enhanced monocytic cell trafficking. In contrast to IL-6-deficient mice, OSMR-KO mice displayed no difference in neutrophil and lymphocyte migration. Subsequent in vitro studies using human peritoneal mesothelial cells and an in vivo appraisal of inflammatory chemokine expression after peritoneal inflammation identified OSM as a prominent regulator of CCL5 expression. Specifically, OSM inhibited IL-1beta-mediated NF-kappaB activity and CCL5 expression in human mesothelial cells. This was substantiated in vivo where peritoneal inflammation in OSMR-KO mice resulted in a temporal increase in both CCL5 secretion and NF-kappaB activation. These findings suggest that IL-6 and OSM individually affect the profile of leukocyte trafficking, and they point to a hitherto unidentified interplay between OSM signaling and the inflammatory activation of NF-kappaB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Hams
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Immunology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
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Williams AS, Nath P, Leung SY, Khorasani N, McKenzie ANJ, Adcock IM, Chung KF. Modulation of ozone-induced airway hyperresponsiveness and inflammation by interleukin-13. Eur Respir J 2008; 32:571-8. [PMID: 18417511 DOI: 10.1183/09031936.00121607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The present study aimed to determine whether the T-helper cell type 2-derived cytokines, interleukin (IL)-4 and -13, can modulate the lung response to ozone exposure. IL-13(-/-), IL-4/13(-/-) and IL-13-overexpressing transgenic (Tg) mice were exposed to ozone (3 ppm; 3 h) or air. Wild-type (Wt) Balb/c mice and transgenic-negative littermates (IL-13Wt) were used as controls for gene-deficient and IL-13Tg mice, respectively. IL-4/13(-/-) and IL-13(-/-) mice developed a lesser degree of ozone-induced airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) while IL-13Tg mice developed a greater degree of AHR compared with ozone-exposed wild-type or IL-13Wt mice, respectively. Ozone caused a time-dependent increase of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) neutrophils and macrophages in wild-type mice, maximal at 20-24 h, which was attenuated in the IL-13(-/-) and IL-4/13(-/-) mice. In IL-13Tg mice, there was a greater increase in BAL neutrophils after ozone exposure compared with IL-13Wt mice. Using quantitative real-time PCR, ozone-induced mRNA expression for IL-6 and keratinocyte chemokine was further enhanced in IL-13(-/-) and IL-4/13(-/-) mice, and was inhibited in IL-13Tg mice. Macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-3alpha/CCL20 expression was enhanced after ozone exposure in wild-type mice, inhibited in IL-13(-/-) and IL-4/13(-/-) mice, while in IL-13Tg mice it was enhanced. A similar pattern of expression was observed with lipopolysaccharide-induced cytokine (LIX/CXCL5/ENA-78) expression. In conclusion, interleukin-13 augments ozone-induced airway hyperresponsiveness and neutrophilic inflammation, possibly through modulation of certain cytokines induced by ozone exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Williams
- Experimental Studies, Airway Disease Section, National Heart & Lung Institute, Guy Scadding Building, Dovehouse St., London SW3 6LY, UK
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Williams AS, Richards PJ, Thomas E, Carty S, Nowell MA, Goodfellow RM, Dent CM, Williams BD, Jones SA, Topley N. Interferon-gamma protects against the development of structural damage in experimental arthritis by regulating polymorphonuclear neutrophil influx into diseased joints. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 56:2244-54. [PMID: 17599735 DOI: 10.1002/art.22732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Local interaction between soluble mediators within the inflamed synovium is a key factor that governs the pathologic outcome of inflammatory arthritides. Our aim was to investigate the interplay between the Th1 lymphokine interferon-gamma (IFNgamma) and pivotal cytokines that drive rheumatoid arthritis (RA) pathology (interleukin-1beta [IL-1beta] and tumor necrosis factor alpha [TNFalpha]) in modulating inflammation and arthritis in vitro and in vivo. METHODS Monarticular antigen-induced arthritis (AIA) was initiated in IFNgamma-deficient (IFNgamma(-/-)) mice and age-matched wild-type (IFNgamma(+/+)) mice. Joint swelling was measured and histologic analysis was performed in order to assess changes in both inflammatory and degenerative parameters in vivo. In vitro, the influence of IFNgamma in regulating IL-1beta- and TNFalpha-driven CXCL8 and CCL2 production was quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS In murine AIA, both inflammatory and degenerative arthritis parameters were significantly exacerbated in the absence of IFNgamma. IFNgamma appeared to be a crucial factor in regulating CXCR2+ neutrophil influx in the joint. In in vitro studies using RA fibroblast-like synoviocytes, IFNgamma modulated both IL-1beta- and TNFalpha-driven chemokine synthesis, resulting in the down-regulation of CXCL8 production. CONCLUSION IFNgamma exerts antiinflammatory, chondroprotective, and antiosteoclastogenic effects in murine AIA through a mechanism that involves the regulation of chemokine synthesis and local neutrophil recruitment. These studies suggest a potential therapeutic role of modulating IFNgamma signaling in the treatment of inflammatory arthritides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anwen S Williams
- Wales College of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff, UK.
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Hepburn NJ, Chamberlain-Banoub JL, Williams AS, Morgan BP, Harris CL. Prevention of experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis by rat Crry-Ig: A model agent for long-term complement inhibition in vivo. Mol Immunol 2007; 45:395-405. [PMID: 17651804 PMCID: PMC2572221 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2007.06.144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2007] [Revised: 06/06/2007] [Accepted: 06/07/2007] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Despite its vital role in innate immunity, complement is involved in a number of inflammatory pathologies and has therefore become a therapeutic target. Most agents generated for anti-complement therapy have short half-lives in plasma, or have been of mouse or human origin, thereby limiting their use either to murine models of disease or to short-term therapy. Here we describe the generation of a long-acting rat therapeutic agent based on the rat complement inhibitor, Crry. Characterisation of various soluble forms of Crry demonstrated that the amino-terminal four short-consensus repeat domains were required for full regulatory and C3b-binding activities. Fusion of these domains to rat IgG2a Fc generated an effective complement inhibitor (rCrry-Ig) with a circulating half-life prolonged from 7 min for Crry alone to 53 h for rCrry-Ig. Systemic administration of rCrry-Ig over 5 weeks generated a weak immune response to the recombinant agent, however this was predominantly IgM in nature and did not neutralise Crry function or cause clearance of the agent from plasma. Administration of rCrry-Ig completely abrogated clinical disease in a rat model of myasthenia gravis whereas soluble Crry lacking the immunoglobulin Fc domain caused a partial response. rCrry-Ig not only ablated clinical disease, but also prevented C3 and C9 deposition at the neuromuscular junction and inhibited cellular infiltration at this site. The long half-life and low immunogenicity of this agent will be useful for therapy in chronic models of inflammatory disease in the rat.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigens, Surface/blood
- Antigens, Surface/immunology
- Antigens, Surface/isolation & purification
- Antigens, Surface/pharmacology
- Complement C3b/immunology
- Complement Inactivator Proteins/pharmacology
- Complement System Proteins/immunology
- Female
- Half-Life
- Immunoglobulin G/pharmacology
- Muscle, Skeletal/drug effects
- Muscle, Skeletal/pathology
- Myasthenia Gravis, Autoimmune, Experimental/prevention & control
- Neuromuscular Junction/drug effects
- Neuromuscular Junction/pathology
- Rats
- Rats, Wistar
- Receptors, Cell Surface/blood
- Receptors, Cell Surface/immunology
- Receptors, Cell Surface/isolation & purification
- Recombinant Proteins/biosynthesis
- Recombinant Proteins/blood
- Recombinant Proteins/isolation & purification
- Recombinant Proteins/pharmacology
- Solubility/drug effects
- Surface Plasmon Resonance
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie J. Hepburn
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Immunology, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, United Kingdom
| | - Jayne L. Chamberlain-Banoub
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Immunology, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, United Kingdom
| | - Anwen S. Williams
- Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, United Kingdom
| | - B. Paul Morgan
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Immunology, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, United Kingdom
| | - Claire L. Harris
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Immunology, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, United Kingdom
- Corresponding author. Tel.: +44 2920745254; fax: +44 2920744001.
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Rabe B, Chalaris A, May U, Paliga K, Lange H, Laskay T, Fielding CA, Waetzig GH, Seegert D, Williams AS, Jones SA, Rose-John S, Scheller J. 124 IL6/sIL6R-Transsignaling Controls Innate and Aquired Immunity. Cytokine 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2007.07.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Jones GW, Mecklenburgh Z, Jenkins BJ, Ernst M, Topley N, Williams AS, Wang E, Jones SA. 66 TL1A Counteracts the IL-6 Control of the STAT3-Mediated Development of T Helper 17 Cells. Cytokine 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2007.07.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Lauder SN, Carty SM, Carpenter CE, Hill RJ, Talamas F, Bondeson J, Brennan P, Williams AS. Interleukin-1beta induced activation of nuclear factor-kappab can be inhibited by novel pharmacological agents in osteoarthritis. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2007; 46:752-8. [PMID: 17218328 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/kel419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the importance of activation of the transcription factor, nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) by interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis (OA) and assess its suitability as a target for therapy by determining its role in the induction of the cytokine IL-6 and the degenerative enzymes, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1 and MMP-3 in vitro. METHODS Three distinct cellular models, derived from primary OA tissue, were employed, namely, fibroblast-like synoviocytes (OA-SF); co-cultures containing phenotypic macrophage-like and fibroblast-like cells (OA-COCUL); and primary OA synovial tissue explants (OA-EXP). These were treated with specific inhibitors of IL-1beta, TNF-alpha and NF-kappaB to assess their differential role in the production of pathologically relevant mediators, specifically IL-6, MMP-1, MMP-3 and the tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1 (TIMP-1), which were quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS Inhibition of NF-kappaB by a novel agent, RO100 at a dose of 0.1 microM, exerted significant (P < 0.05) repression of IL-6, MMP-1 and MMP-3 production in OA-SF. Notably, neither TIMP-1 production nor cell viability was significantly affected at the dose tested. These data were reproduced in OA-EXP, which might be considered as having greater physiological relevance. Interestingly, comparable efficacy was noted using IL-1beta and TNF-alpha neutralizing antibodies in OA-COCUL. CONCLUSIONS We have demonstrated that a novel pharmacological inhibitor of NF-kappaB, RO100 inhibits pathological mediators of OA progression with equivalent efficacy as established IL-1beta and TNF-alpha neutralizing strategies. Our findings highlight a potential for developing NF-kappaB targeted therapeutics for positively regulating disease activity and improving clinical outcome in OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- S N Lauder
- Rheumatology Research Laboratory, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK.
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Hepburn NJ, Williams AS, Nunn MA, Chamberlain-Banoub JC, Hamer J, Morgan BP, Harris CL. In vivo characterization and therapeutic efficacy of a C5-specific inhibitor from the soft tick Ornithodoros moubata. J Biol Chem 2007; 282:8292-9. [PMID: 17215252 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m609858200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The involvement of complement (C) in inflammatory diseases has driven the search for agents capable of inhibiting dysregulated complement activation. Many of these reagents inhibit the C3 convertases during the early stages of the cascade. However, a drawback of total systemic C inhibition, particularly in longterm treatment of chronic disease, is potentiation of infection and immune complex disease due to an inability to opsonize complexes and foreign cells and to lyse pathogens. Recent identification of a C5-binding protein in the salivary gland of the soft tick Ornithodoros moubata has enabled development of a terminal pathway-specific reagent, OmCI, with potential to ameliorate disease while leaving key physiological processes unaffected. Here we demonstrated that OmCI has broad cross-species activity. When given intravenously to rodents, OmCI totally ablated complement hemolytic activity, which gradually restored as C5 was resynthesized. The circulating half-life of OmCI was 30 h, demonstrating a much slower clearance than other small, biological agents. Using C5-sufficient and C5-deficient mice we showed that prolonged half-life was due to binding to plasma C5. Surface plasmon resonance analysis of C5 binding to OmCI confirmed a high binding affinity with a slow dissociation rate. OmCI was effective in preventing experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis induced by passive transfer in normal Lewis rats. OmCI ablated clinical disease, reduced C3 and C9 deposition at the neuro-muscular junction, and effected a marked reduction in cellular infiltration at this site. These data offer exciting prospects for targeted treatment of complement-mediated diseases without the detrimental inhibition of the opsonic roles of complement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie J Hepburn
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Immunology, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, United Kingdom
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Williams AS. Diabetes information for the visually impaired. Diabetes Self Manag 2007; 24:38, 40-2, 44. [PMID: 17283509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
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Nowell MA, Richards PJ, Fielding CA, Ognjanovic S, Topley N, Williams AS, Bryant-Greenwood G, Jones SA. Regulation of pre-B cell colony-enhancing factor by STAT-3-dependent interleukin-6 trans-signaling: implications in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 54:2084-95. [PMID: 16802343 DOI: 10.1002/art.21942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether interleukin-6 (IL-6) trans-signaling directs the expression of pre-B cell colony-enhancing factor (PBEF) in vitro and in vivo. METHODS Complementary DNA from rheumatoid arthritis (RA) synovial fibroblasts treated with IL-6 and soluble IL-6 receptor (sIL-6R) was used to probe a cytokine microarray. PBEF regulation by the IL-6-related cytokines, IL-6, sIL-6R, oncostatin M (OSM), IL-11, and leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) was determined by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis. IL-6-mediated STAT-3 regulation of PBEF was determined using a cell-permeable STAT-3 inhibitor peptide. Antigen-induced arthritis (AIA) was induced in wild-type (IL-6(+/+)) and IL-6-deficient (IL-6(-/-)) mice. PBEF and STAT were detected by immunohistochemistry, immunoblotting, and electrophoretic mobility shift assay. Synovial levels of PBEF were quantified by enzyme immunoassay. RESULTS IL-6 trans-signaling regulated PBEF in a STAT-3-dependent manner. In addition, PBEF was regulated by the IL-6-related cytokine OSM, but not IL-11 or LIF. Flow cytometric analysis of the IL-6-related cognate receptors suggested that OSM regulates PBEF via its OSM receptor beta and not its LIF receptor. The involvement of PBEF in arthritis progression was confirmed in vivo, where induction of AIA resulted in a 4-fold increase in the synovial expression of PBEF. In contrast, little or no change was observed in IL-6(-/-) mice, in which the inflammatory infiltrate was markedly reduced and synovial STAT-1/3 activity was also impaired. Analysis of human RA synovial tissue confirmed that PBEF immunolocalized in apical synovial membrane cells, endothelial cells, adipocytes, and lymphoid aggregates. Synovial fluid levels of PBEF were significantly higher in RA patients than in osteoarthritis patients. CONCLUSION Experiments presented herein demonstrate that PBEF is regulated via IL-6 trans-signaling and the IL-6-related cytokine OSM. PBEF is also actively expressed during arthritis. Although these data confirm an involvement of PBEF in disease progression, the consequence of its action remains to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mari A Nowell
- Medical Biochemistry and Immunology, Tenovus Building, School of Medicine, Heath Park Campus, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK.
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Grau S, Richards PJ, Kerr B, Hughes C, Caterson B, Williams AS, Junker U, Jones SA, Clausen T, Ehrmann M. The role of human HtrA1 in arthritic disease. J Biol Chem 2006; 281:6124-9. [PMID: 16377621 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m500361200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 200] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Human HtrA1 belongs to a widely conserved family of serine proteases involved in various aspects of protein quality control and cell fate. Although HtrA1 has been implicated in the pathology of several diseases, its precise biological functions remain to be established. Through identification of potential HtrA1 targets, studies presented herein propose that within the context of arthritis pathology HtrA1 contributes to cartilage degradation. Elevated synovial HtrA1 levels were detected in fluids obtained from rheumatoid and osteoarthritis patients, with synovial fibroblasts identified as a major source of secreted HtrA1. Mass spectrometry analysis of potential HtrA1 substrates within synovial fluids identified fibronectin as a candidate target, and treatment of fibronectin with recombinant HtrA1 led to the generation of fibronectin-degradation products that may be involved in cartilage catabolism. Consistently, treatment of synovial fibroblasts with HtrA1 or HtrA1-generated fibronectin fragments resulted in the specific induction of matrix metalloprotease 1 and matrix metalloprotease 3 expression, suggesting that HtrA1 contributes to the destruction of extracellular matrix through both direct and indirect mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Grau
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3US, United Kingdom
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Richards PJ, Nowell MA, Horiuchi S, McLoughlin RM, Fielding CA, Grau S, Yamamoto N, Ehrmann M, Rose-John S, Williams AS, Topley N, Jones SA. Functional characterization of a soluble gp130 isoform and its therapeutic capacity in an experimental model of inflammatory arthritis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 54:1662-72. [PMID: 16646038 DOI: 10.1002/art.21818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Soluble gp130 is the naturally occurring antagonist of the interleukin-6 (IL-6)/soluble IL-6 receptor (sIL-6R) complex and selectively inhibits IL-6 trans-signaling. Several isoforms of soluble gp130 have been identified, including an autoantigenic form termed gp130-RAPS (for gp130 of the rheumatoid arthritis antigenic peptide-bearing soluble form) that is present in the serum and synovial fluid of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the functional properties of gp130-RAPS. METHODS To define a role for gp130-RAPS in arthritis, a recombinant version was generated using a baculovirus expression system, and its activities were tested in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS Gp130-RAPS was shown to bind with high affinity to the stable IL-6/sIL-6R complex, hyper-IL-6, and to effectively modulate leukocyte migration in murine acute peritonitis. A single intraarticular injection of gp130-RAPS suppressed chronic antigen-induced arthritis in association with a reduction in local activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3. Although gp130-RAPS contains the previously identified autoantigenic sequence Asn-Ile-Ala-Ser-Phe (NIASF), no increase in the prevalence of anti- gp130-RAPS antibodies was observed in serum or synovial fluid obtained from patients with rheumatoid arthritis. CONCLUSION The use of inhibitory antibodies to block IL-6 responses has shown considerable clinical promise. However, the results presented herein suggest that selective targeting of IL-6 trans-signaling may represent a viable alternative to this strategy. In this respect, our present results suggest that the soluble gp130 isoform gp130-RAPS may be useful in the treatment of chronic inflammatory arthritis.
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McLoughlin RM, Jenkins BJ, Grail D, Williams AS, Fielding CA, Parker CR, Ernst M, Topley N, Jones SA. IL-6 trans-signaling via STAT3 directs T cell infiltration in acute inflammation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2005; 102:9589-94. [PMID: 15976028 PMCID: PMC1172246 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0501794102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 234] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2005] [Accepted: 05/23/2005] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-6 signaling through its soluble receptor (IL-6 transsignaling) directs transition between innate and acquired immune responses by orchestrating the chemokine-directed attraction and apoptotic clearance of leukocytes. Through analysis of mononuclear cell infiltration in WT and IL-6-deficient mice during peritoneal inflammation, we now report that IL-6 selectively governs T cell infiltration by regulating chemokine secretion (CXCL10, CCL4, CCL5, CCL11, and CCL17) and chemokine receptor (CCR3, CCR4, CCR5, and CXCR3) expression on the CD3+ infiltrate. Although blockade of IL-6 trans-signaling prevented chemokine release, chemokine receptor expression remained unaltered suggesting that this response is regulated by IL-6 itself. To dissect the signaling events promoting T cell migration, inflammation was established in knock-in mice expressing mutated forms of the universal signal-transducing element for IL-6-related cytokines gp130. In mice (gp130Y757F/Y757F) deficient in SHP2 and SOCS3 binding, but presenting hyperactivation of STAT1/3, T cell recruitment and CCL5 expression was enhanced. Conversely, both of these parameters were suppressed in mice with ablated gp130-mediated STAT1/3 activation (gp130DeltaSTAT/DeltaSTAT). T cell migration was related to STAT3 activity, because monoallelic deletion of Stat3 in gp130(Y757F/Y757F) mice (gp130Y757F/Y757F:Stat3+/-) corrected the exaggerated responses observed in gp130Y757F/Y757F mice. Consequently, STAT3 plays a defining role in IL-6-mediated T cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel M McLoughlin
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Immunology, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XN, Wales, United Kingdom
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Williams AS, Mizuno M, Richards PJ, Holt DS, Morgan BP. Deletion of the gene encoding CD59a in mice increases disease severity in a murine model of rheumatoid arthritis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 50:3035-44. [PMID: 15457473 DOI: 10.1002/art.20478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the roles of CD59a in the protection of joint tissue in the context of murine antigen-induced arthritis (AIA). METHODS AIA was triggered in CD59a-deficient (CD59a(-/-)) mice and in CD59a-sufficient (CD59a(+/+)) controls; the course and severity of disease were compared between groups. The effects on arthritis of restoring CD59 to the joint in CD59a(-/-) mice by use of a membrane-targeted recombinant CD59 were also explored. RESULTS Disease, as assessed clinically by measurement of joint swelling on day 1 (P < 0.0001), day 2 (P < 0.01), and day 7 (P < 0.02) and histologically from indicators of joint damage on day 21 (P < 0.02), was significantly enhanced in CD59a(-/-) mice compared with CD59a(+/+) wild-type controls. Membrane attack complex (MAC) deposition in the arthritic joints of CD59a(-/-) mice was also increased compared with that in the joints of CD59a(+/+) controls. Restitution of CD59 activity in joints of CD59a(-/-) mice was attempted with soluble recombinant rat CD59 (sCD59) or with a novel membrane-targeted rat CD59 derivative (sCD59-APT542). Strong immunohistochemical staining of the synovial membrane and subsynovial tissue was apparent in sCD59-APT542-injected joints, but not in joints injected with untargeted sCD59. Intraarticular administration of sCD59-APT542 markedly ameliorated disease severity in CD59a(-/-) mice, knee swelling was significantly reduced over the time course of the disease, and joint damage, assessed histologically, was significantly milder on day 21 (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION These data firmly implicate the MAC of complement as a major effector of joint damage in the murine AIA model of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and they provide a rationale for the inhibition of MAC assembly as a therapeutic strategy for RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Williams
- University of Wales College of Medicine, Cardiff, UK
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Fraser DA, Harris CL, Williams AS, Mizuno M, Gallagher S, Smith RAG, Morgan BP. Generation of a recombinant, membrane-targeted form of the complement regulator CD59: activity in vitro and in vivo. J Biol Chem 2003; 278:48921-7. [PMID: 14519760 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m302598200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Inappropriate activation of complement contributes to pathology in diverse inflammatory diseases. Soluble recombinant forms of the natural cell membrane regulators of complement are effective in animal models and some human diseases. However, their use is limited for reasons related to cost, short half lives, and propensity to cause unwanted systemic effects. Some of these limitations may be overcome by use of bacterial expression systems, specific targeting moieties, and judicious choice of regulator. Here we describe the application of these strategies to the generation of a membrane-targeted form of CD59. A recombinant soluble form of rat CD59, comprising the first 71 residues of the mature protein and missing the membrane-anchoring signal, was expressed in bacteria, purified, and refolded in a fully active form. The protein was coupled through its carboxyl terminus to a short, synthetic address tag that confers membrane binding activity. Attachment of the membrane address tag markedly increased complement-inhibitory activity assessed in vitro in hemolysis assays. Intra-articular administration of the tagged agent markedly suppressed disease in a model of rheumatoid arthritis in Lewis rats. This novel type of agent, termed sCD59-APT542, offers for the first time the prospect of efficient and specific inhibition of membrane attack complex activity in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah A Fraser
- Departments of Medical Biochemistry and Rheumatology, University of Wales College of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff, United Kingdom
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Harris CL, Hughes CE, Williams AS, Goodfellow I, Evans DJ, Caterson B, Morgan BP. Generation of anti-complement "prodrugs": cleavable reagents for specific delivery of complement regulators to disease sites. J Biol Chem 2003; 278:36068-76. [PMID: 12842884 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m306351200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Expression of biologically active molecules as fusion proteins with antibody Fc can substantially extend the plasma half-life of the active agent but may also influence function. We have previously generated a number of fusion proteins comprising a complement regulator coupled to Fc and shown that the hybrid molecule has a long plasma half-life and retains biological activity. However, several of the fusion proteins generated had substantially reduced biological activity when compared with the native regulator or regulator released from the Fc following papain cleavage. We have taken advantage of this finding to engineer a prodrug with low complement regulatory activity that is cleaved at sites of inflammation to release active regulator. Two model prodrugs, comprising, respectively, the four short consensus repeats of human decay accelerating factor (CD55) linked to IgG4 Fc and the three NH2-terminal short consensus repeats of human decay accelerating factor linked to IgG2 Fc have been developed. In each, specific cleavage sites for matrix metalloproteinases and/or aggrecanases have been incorporated between the complement regulator and the Fc. These prodrugs have markedly decreased complement inhibitory activity when compared with the parent regulator in vitro. Exposure of the prodrugs to the relevant enzymes, either purified, or in supernatants of cytokine-stimulated chondrocytes or in synovial fluid, efficiently cleaved the prodrug, releasing active regulator. Such agents, having negligible systemic effects but active at sites of inflammation, represent a paradigm for the next generation of anti-C therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire L Harris
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Immunology, University of Wales College of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, United Kingdom.
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Nowell MA, Richards PJ, Horiuchi S, Yamamoto N, Rose-John S, Topley N, Williams AS, Jones SA. Soluble IL-6 receptor governs IL-6 activity in experimental arthritis: blockade of arthritis severity by soluble glycoprotein 130. J Immunol 2003; 171:3202-9. [PMID: 12960349 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.171.6.3202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 208] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Studies in IL-6-deficient (IL-6(-/-)) mice highlight that IL-6 contributes to arthritis progression. However, the molecular mechanism controlling its activity in vivo remains unclear. Using an experimental arthritis model in IL-6(-/-) mice, we have established a critical role for the soluble IL-6R in joint inflammation. Although intra-articular administration of IL-6 itself was insufficient to reconstitute arthritis within these mice, a soluble IL-6R-IL-6 fusion protein (HYPER-IL-6) restored disease activity. Histopathological assessment of joint sections demonstrated that HYPER-IL-6 increased arthritis severity and controlled intrasynovial mononuclear leukocyte recruitment through the CC-chemokine CCL2. Activation of synovial fibroblasts by soluble IL-6R and IL-6 emphasized that these cells may represent the source of CCL2 in vivo. Specific blockade of soluble IL-6R signaling in wild-type mice using soluble gp130 ameliorated disease. Consequently, soluble IL-6R-mediated signaling represents a promising therapeutic target for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/pharmacology
- Antigens, CD/pharmacology
- Arthritis, Experimental/genetics
- Arthritis, Experimental/immunology
- Arthritis, Experimental/pathology
- Arthritis, Experimental/prevention & control
- Arthritis, Rheumatoid/immunology
- Arthritis, Rheumatoid/metabolism
- Cell Movement/genetics
- Cell Movement/immunology
- Chemokine CCL2/biosynthesis
- Cytokine Receptor gp130
- Fibroblasts/immunology
- Fibroblasts/metabolism
- Humans
- Interleukin-6/administration & dosage
- Interleukin-6/deficiency
- Interleukin-6/genetics
- Interleukin-6/metabolism
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/immunology
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/pathology
- Male
- Membrane Glycoproteins/pharmacology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Protein Isoforms/analysis
- Protein Isoforms/antagonists & inhibitors
- Protein Isoforms/pharmacology
- Protein Isoforms/physiology
- Receptors, Interleukin-6/administration & dosage
- Receptors, Interleukin-6/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Interleukin-6/genetics
- Receptors, Interleukin-6/physiology
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/administration & dosage
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/therapeutic use
- Severity of Illness Index
- Signal Transduction/genetics
- Signal Transduction/immunology
- Solubility
- Synovial Fluid/chemistry
- Synovial Fluid/immunology
- Synovial Fluid/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Mari A Nowell
- Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, United Kingdom
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