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de Hooge M, van der Heijde D. Disease modification in axial spondyloarthritis - still a controversy? Curr Opin Rheumatol 2024; 36:302-308. [PMID: 38712691 DOI: 10.1097/bor.0000000000001025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review evaluates recent advancements in disease-modifying therapies for axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA). RECENT FINDINGS A recent study could not demonstrate an additional effect of NSAID therapy on golimumab [Tumor Necrosis Factor-α inhibitor (TNFi)] on structural progression; however, this might be due to the fact that the study was underpowered. While DMARDs have shown promise in suppressing inflammation, their impact on structural progression remains uncertain. A well powered trial showed no difference in spinal progression between secukinumab [Interleukin17A inhibitor (IL17Ai)] and adalimumab-biosimilar (TNFi). Preliminary data on Janus kinase inhibitors (JAKi) focus on MRI findings but lack evidence on radiographic spinal progression. While some studies suggest promising outcomes, others reveal limitations and inconclusive findings. SUMMARY Recent studies explore the effectiveness of NSAIDs, biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs like TNFi and IL-17i, as well as JAK inhibitors in axSpA. Conflicting evidence surrounds these therapies' ability to impede structural progression, with challenges in study design and interpretation. Moreover, changes in demographics and treatment methods underscore the importance of examining trends over time when assessing disease outcomes. Ultimately, ongoing research could benefit from new imaging tools when evaluating therapeutic strategies for modifying disease progression in axSpA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manouk de Hooge
- Department of Rheumatology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
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Proft F, Torgutalp M, Muche B, Rios Rodriguez V, Listing J, Protopopov M, Rademacher J, Haibel H, Spiller L, Weber AK, Verba M, Brandt-Juergens J, Kiltz U, Sieburg M, Jacki S, Sieper J, Poddubnyy D. Comparison of the effect of treatment with NSAIDs added to anti-TNF therapy versus anti-TNF therapy alone on the progression of structural damage in the spine over 2 years in patients with radiographic axial spondyloarthritis from the randomised-controlled CONSUL trial. Ann Rheum Dis 2024; 83:599-607. [PMID: 38228361 DOI: 10.1136/ard-2023-224699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The study aimed to evaluate the effect of adding a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), celecoxib (CEL), to a tumour necrosis factor inhibitor (TNFi), golimumab (GOL), compared with TNFi monotherapy on radiographic spinal progression in patients with radiographic axial spondyloarthritis (r-axSpA) over 2 years. METHODS R-axSpA patients, having risk factors for radiographic progression (high disease activity plus C reactive protein >5 mg/L and/or ≥1 syndesmophyte(s)), underwent a 12-week run-in phase with GOL 50 mg every 4 weeks. In the core phase (96 weeks), only patients with a good clinical response at week 12 were randomised (1:1) to GOL+CEL 200 mg two times per day (combination therapy) or GOL monotherapy. The primary endpoint was radiographic progression assessed by modified Stoke Ankylosing Spondylitis Spinal Score (mSASSS) change at week 108 in the intent-to-treat population. RESULTS A total of 128 patients were enrolled in the run-in phase; and 109 patients were randomised at week 12 to monotherapy (n=55) or combination therapy (n=54). At week 108, 97 (52 vs 45) patients completed the study. The change in mSASSS at week 108 was 1.7 (95% CI 0.8 to 2.6) in the monotherapy vs 1.1 (95% CI 0.4 to 1.8) in the combination therapy groups (p=0.79). New syndesmophytes occurred in 25% of patients in the monotherapy vs 11% of patients in the combination therapy groups (p=0.12). During the study, no significant differences in adverse events and serious adverse events were observed between the groups. CONCLUSIONS Combination therapy with GOL+CEL did not demonstrate statistically significant superiority over GOL monotherapy in retarding radiographic spinal progression over 2 years in r-axSpA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Proft
- Department of Gastroenterology, Infectiology and Rheumatology (including Nutrition Medicine), Charite Universitatsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Murat Torgutalp
- Department of Gastroenterology, Infectiology and Rheumatology (including Nutrition Medicine), Charite Universitatsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Burkhard Muche
- Department of Gastroenterology, Infectiology and Rheumatology (including Nutrition Medicine), Charite Universitatsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Rheumatology CCM, Charite Universitatsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Valeria Rios Rodriguez
- Department of Gastroenterology, Infectiology and Rheumatology (including Nutrition Medicine), Charite Universitatsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Mikhail Protopopov
- Department of Gastroenterology, Infectiology and Rheumatology (including Nutrition Medicine), Charite Universitatsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Judith Rademacher
- Department of Gastroenterology, Infectiology and Rheumatology (including Nutrition Medicine), Charite Universitatsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- BIH, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hildrun Haibel
- Department of Gastroenterology, Infectiology and Rheumatology (including Nutrition Medicine), Charite Universitatsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Laura Spiller
- Department of Gastroenterology, Infectiology and Rheumatology (including Nutrition Medicine), Charite Universitatsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anne-Katrin Weber
- Department of Gastroenterology, Infectiology and Rheumatology (including Nutrition Medicine), Charite Universitatsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Maryna Verba
- Department of Gastroenterology, Infectiology and Rheumatology (including Nutrition Medicine), Charite Universitatsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Uta Kiltz
- Rheumazentrum Ruhrgebiet, Herne, Germany
| | | | - Swen Jacki
- Rheumatologische Schwerpunktpraxis, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Joachim Sieper
- Department of Gastroenterology, Infectiology and Rheumatology (including Nutrition Medicine), Charite Universitatsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Denis Poddubnyy
- Department of Gastroenterology, Infectiology and Rheumatology (including Nutrition Medicine), Charite Universitatsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Mauro D, Forte G, Poddubnyy D, Ciccia F. The Role of Early Treatment in the Management of Axial Spondyloarthritis: Challenges and Opportunities. Rheumatol Ther 2024; 11:19-34. [PMID: 38108992 PMCID: PMC10796311 DOI: 10.1007/s40744-023-00627-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) is a chronic, inflammatory rheumatic disease that primarily affects the axial skeleton, often inflicting severe pain, diminished mobility, and a compromised quality of life. The advent of Assessment of SpondyloArthritis international Society (ASAS) classification criteria for spondyloarthritis (SpA) have enabled the classification of patients with axSpA in the non-radiographic stage but poorly perform if mistakenly used for diagnostic purposes. Despite notable progress in early diagnosis facilitated by referral strategies and extensive magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) utilization, diagnostic delays persist as a concerning issue. This underscores the urgency to narrow the diagnostic gap and highlights the critical role of early diagnosis in mitigating the long-term structural damage associated with this condition. Research into the impact of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and biologic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (bDMARDs) on inflammatory symptoms and radiographic progression has been extensive. A compelling body of evidence suggests that early intervention leads to superior disease outcomes. However, most of these studies have centered on patients with established diseases rather than those in the early stages. Consequently, findings from studies on early pharmacological intervention remain inconclusive, and the potential for modifying the disease trajectory is still debatable. Without precise data from clinical trials, insights from basic science regarding the pathogenic mechanisms might point toward potential targets that warrant early intervention in the disease process. This review underscores the urgency of early diagnosis and intervention in axSpA, highlighting ongoing research gaps and the need for further exploration to improve patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Mauro
- Department of Precision Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Università della Campania L. Vanvitelli, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Giulio Forte
- Department of Precision Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Università della Campania L. Vanvitelli, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Denis Poddubnyy
- Department of Gastroenterology, Infectious Diseases and Rheumatology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Epidemiology Unit, German Rheumatism Research Centre, Berlin, Germany
| | - Francesco Ciccia
- Department of Precision Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Università della Campania L. Vanvitelli, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy.
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Liu Z, Cai M, Ke H, Deng H, Ye W, Wang T, Chen Q, Cen S. Fibroblast Insights into the Pathogenesis of Ankylosing Spondylitis. J Inflamm Res 2023; 16:6301-6317. [PMID: 38149115 PMCID: PMC10750494 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s439604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose of the Review Emerging evidence has shown that ankylosing spondylitis fibroblasts (ASFs) act as crucial participants in inflammation and abnormal ossification in ankylosing spondylitis (AS). This review examines the investigations into ASFs and their pathological behavior, which contributes to inflammatory microenvironments and abnormal bone formation. The review spans the period from 2000 to 2023, with a primary focus on the most recent decade. Additionally, the review provides an in-depth discussion on studies on ASF ossification at the cellular level. Recent Findings ASFs organize immune functions by recruiting immune cells and influencing their differentiation and activation, thus mediate the inflammatory response in the early phase of disease. ASFs promote joint destruction at sites of cartilage and actively promote abnormal ossification by recruiting osteoblasts, differentiation into myofibroblasts or ossification directly. Many signaling pathways and cytokines such as Wnt signaling and BMP/TGF-β signaling are involved in ASF ossification. Summary ASFs play a key role in AS inflammation and osteogenesis. Further studies are required to elucidate molecular mechanisms behind that and provide new targets and directions for AS diagnosis and treatment from a new perspective of fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhua Liu
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Orthopedic Medical Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mingxi Cai
- The Second Clinical School, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haoteng Ke
- The Second Clinical School, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huazong Deng
- The Second Clinical School, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, People’s Republic of China
| | - Weijia Ye
- The Second Clinical School, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Orthopedic Medical Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qifan Chen
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Orthopedic Medical Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuizhong Cen
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Orthopedic Medical Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, People’s Republic of China
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Wang L, Wang Y, Jiang Y, Chen M, Li Z, Wang K, Luo C, Ning N, Zeng J, Zhou Z, Song Y, Yang F, Huang SS, Lin Y. Tetrahedral Framework Nuclear Acids Can Regulate Interleukin-17 Pathway to Alleviate Inflammation and Inhibit Heterotopic Ossification in Ankylosing Spondylitis. ACS NANO 2023; 17:24187-24199. [PMID: 37983164 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c09480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a chronic systemic inflammatory disease that leads to serious spinal deformity and ankylosis. Persistent inflammation and progressive ankylosis lead to loss of spinal flexibility in patients with AS. Tetrahedral framework nucleic acids (tFNAs) have emerged as a one kind of nanomaterial composed of four specially designed complementary DNA single strands with outstanding biological properties. Results from in vivo experiments demonstrated that tFNAs treatment could inhibit inflammatory responses and heterotopic ossification to halt disease progression. In vitro, tFNAs were proved to influence the biological behavior of AS primary chondrocytes and inhibit the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines through interleukin-17 pathway. The osteogenic process of chondrocytes was as well inhibited at the transcriptional level to regulate the expression of related proteins. Therefore, we believe tFNAs had a strong therapeutic effect and could serve as a nonsurgical remedy in the future to help patients suffering from AS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihang Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Orthopedic Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 GuoXue Road, Chengdu 610041, China
- Department of Spine Surgery, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital Guizhou Hospital, No. 206 Sixian Road, Guiyang 550014, China
| | - Yun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Centre for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14. 3rd Sec, Ren Min Nan Road, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yang Jiang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, 416 Nuclear Industry Hospital, No. 4, North Section 4, Second Ring Road, Chengdu 610057, China
| | - Ming Chen
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, 416 Nuclear Industry Hospital, No. 4, North Section 4, Second Ring Road, Chengdu 610057, China
| | - Zhuhai Li
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Orthopedic Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 GuoXue Road, Chengdu 610041, China
- Department of Spine Surgery, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, No. 6 TaoYuan Road, Nanning 530016, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Orthopedic Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 GuoXue Road, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Chunshan Luo
- Department of Spine Surgery, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital Guizhou Hospital, No. 206 Sixian Road, Guiyang 550014, China
| | - Ning Ning
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Orthopedic Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 GuoXue Road, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jiancheng Zeng
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Orthopedic Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 GuoXue Road, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Zongke Zhou
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Orthopedic Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 GuoXue Road, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yueming Song
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Orthopedic Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 GuoXue Road, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Fan Yang
- The Brain Cognition & Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Shi-Shu Huang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Orthopedic Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 GuoXue Road, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yunfeng Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Centre for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14. 3rd Sec, Ren Min Nan Road, Chengdu 610041, China
- Sichuan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
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Saad MA, Abdul-Sattar AB, Abdelal IT, Baraka A. Shedding Light on the Role of ERAP1 in Axial Spondyloarthritis. Cureus 2023; 15:e48806. [PMID: 38024089 PMCID: PMC10645460 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.48806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Spondyloarthritis (SpA) is a multifactorial chronic inflammatory disease affecting the axial skeleton (axSpA) and/or peripheral joints (p-SpA) and entheses. The disease's pathogenesis depends on genetic, immunological, mechanical, and environmental factors. Endoplasmic reticulum aminopeptidase 1 (ERAP1) is a multifunctional enzyme that shapes the peptide repertoire presented by major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified different single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in ERAP1 that are associated with several autoimmune diseases, including axSpA. Therefore, a deeper understanding of the ERAP1 role in axSpA could make it a potential therapeutic target for this disease and offer greater insight into its impact on the immune system. Here, we review the biological functions and structure of ERAP1, discuss ERAP1 polymorphisms and their association with axSpA, highlight the interaction between ERAP1 and human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-B27, and review the association between ERAP1 SNPs and axSpA clinical parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A Saad
- Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (PMR) Hospital, Kuwait, KWT
| | - Amal B Abdul-Sattar
- Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, EGY
| | - Ibrahim T Abdelal
- Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, EGY
| | - Ahmed Baraka
- Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, EGY
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Orsini F, Crotti C, Cincinelli G, Di Taranto R, Amati A, Ferrito M, Varenna M, Caporali R. Bone Involvement in Rheumatoid Arthritis and Spondyloartritis: An Updated Review. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:1320. [PMID: 37887030 PMCID: PMC10604370 DOI: 10.3390/biology12101320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Several rheumatologic diseases are primarily distinguished by their involvement of bone tissue, which not only serves as a mere target of the condition but often plays a pivotal role in its pathogenesis. This scenario is particularly prominent in chronic inflammatory arthritis such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and spondyloarthritis (SpA). Given the immunological and systemic nature of these diseases, in this review, we report an overview of the pathogenic mechanisms underlying specific bone involvement, focusing on the complex interactions that occur between bone tissue's own cells and the molecular and cellular actors of the immune system, a recent and fascinating field of interest defined as osteoimmunology. Specifically, we comprehensively elaborate on the distinct pathogenic mechanisms of bone erosion seen in both rheumatoid arthritis and spondyloarthritis, as well as the characteristic process of aberrant bone formation observed in spondyloarthritis. Lastly, chronic inflammatory arthritis leads to systemic bone involvement, resulting in systemic bone loss and consequent osteoporosis, along with increased skeletal fragility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Orsini
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy (A.A.)
- Department of Rheumatology and Medical Sciences, ASST G.Pini-CTO, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Crotti
- Bone Diseases Unit, Department of Rheumatology and Medical Sciences, ASST G.Pini-CTO, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Gilberto Cincinelli
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy (A.A.)
- Department of Rheumatology and Medical Sciences, ASST G.Pini-CTO, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Raffaele Di Taranto
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy (A.A.)
- Department of Rheumatology and Medical Sciences, ASST G.Pini-CTO, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Amati
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy (A.A.)
- Department of Rheumatology and Medical Sciences, ASST G.Pini-CTO, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Matteo Ferrito
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy (A.A.)
- Department of Rheumatology and Medical Sciences, ASST G.Pini-CTO, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Massimo Varenna
- Bone Diseases Unit, Department of Rheumatology and Medical Sciences, ASST G.Pini-CTO, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Roberto Caporali
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy (A.A.)
- Department of Rheumatology and Medical Sciences, ASST G.Pini-CTO, 20122 Milan, Italy
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Toussirot E. Advances in pharmacotherapies for axial spondyloarthritis. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2023; 24:1439-1448. [PMID: 37318776 DOI: 10.1080/14656566.2023.2226328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) refers to an inflammatory rheumatic disease that mainly affects the axial skeleton and leads to progressive radiographic changes of the sacroiliac joints and spine. axSpA is currently subdivided into the radiographic (r-axSpA) and non-radiographic (nr-axSpA) form. Both forms are associated with musculoskeletal pain, restriction of spinal mobility, specific extra-musculoskeletal manifestations, and overall, altered quality of life. The therapeutic management of axSpA is currently well standardized. AREAS COVERED We reviewed available literature (by using PubMed search) on non-pharmacological and pharmacological treatment options that may be used in axSpA, including r-axSpA and nr-axSpA, as well as the role of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), biological agents including TNFalpha (TNFi) and IL-17 (IL-17i) inhibitors. New treatment options such as Janus kinase inhibitors are also reviewed. EXPERT OPINION NSAIDs remain the mainstay of initial therapy, and subsequently, biological agents (TNFi and IL-17i) may be envisaged. Four TNFi are licensed for the treatment of both r-axSpA and nr-axSpA, while IL-17i are approved in each indication. The choice between a TNFi and an IL-17i is mainly guided by the presence of extra-articular manifestations. JAKi were more recently introduced for the treatment of r-axSpA, but their use is restricted to specific patients with a safe cardiovascular profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Toussirot
- Département Universitaire de Thérapeutique, Université de Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
- INSERM CIC-1431, Centre d'Investigation Clinique, Pôle Recherche, CHU de Besançon, Besançon, France
- Rhumatologie, Pôle PACTE (Pathologies Aiguës Chroniques Transplantation Éducation), CHU de Besançon, Besançon, France
- UMR 1098 RIGHT, INSERM, Établissement Français du Sang, Université de Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
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Zheng G, Peng X, Zhang Y, Wang P, Xie Z, Li J, Liu W, Ye G, Lin Y, Li G, Liu H, Zeng C, Li L, Wu Y, Shen H. A novel Anti-ROS osteoblast-specific delivery system for ankylosing spondylitis treatment via suppression of both inflammation and pathological new bone formation. J Nanobiotechnology 2023; 21:168. [PMID: 37231465 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-023-01906-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a common rheumatic disorder distinguished by chronic inflammation and heterotopic ossification at local entheses sites. Currently available medications, including nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs) and TNF inhibitors, are limited by side effects, high costs and unclear inhibitory effects on heterotopic ossification. Herein, we developed manganese ferrite nanoparticles modified by the aptamer CH6 (CH6-MF NPs) that can efficiently scavenge ROS and actively deliver siRNA into hMSCs and osteoblasts in vivo for effective AS treatment. CH6-MF NPs loaded with BMP2 siRNA (CH6-MF-Si NPs) effectively suppressed abnormal osteogenic differentiation under inflammatory conditions in vitro. During their circulation and passive accumulation in inflamed joints in the Zap70mut mouse model, CH6-MF-Si NPs attenuated local inflammation and rescued heterotopic ossification in the entheses. Thus, CH6-MF NPs may be an effective inflammation reliever and osteoblast-specific delivery system, and CH6-MF-Si NPs have potential for the dual treatment of chronic inflammation and heterotopic ossification in AS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guan Zheng
- Department of Orthopedics, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 3025# Shennan Road, Shenzhen, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoshuai Peng
- Department of Orthopedics, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 3025# Shennan Road, Shenzhen, P.R. China
| | - Yunhui Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 3025# Shennan Road, Shenzhen, P.R. China
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 3025# Shennan Road, Shenzhen, P.R. China
| | - Zhongyu Xie
- Department of Orthopedics, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 3025# Shennan Road, Shenzhen, P.R. China
| | - Jinteng Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 3025# Shennan Road, Shenzhen, P.R. China
| | - Wenjie Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 3025# Shennan Road, Shenzhen, P.R. China
| | - Guiwen Ye
- Department of Orthopedics, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 3025# Shennan Road, Shenzhen, P.R. China
| | - Yucong Lin
- Department of Orthopedics, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 3025# Shennan Road, Shenzhen, P.R. China
| | - Guojian Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 3025# Shennan Road, Shenzhen, P.R. China
| | - Huatao Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 3025# Shennan Road, Shenzhen, P.R. China
| | - Chenying Zeng
- Center for Biotherapy, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 3025# Shennan Road, Shenzhen, P.R. China
| | - Lihua Li
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P.R. China.
- Future Technology Research Institute, South China Normal University, 55 Zhongshan Dadao, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, P.R. China.
| | - Yanfeng Wu
- Center for Biotherapy, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 3025# Shennan Road, Shenzhen, P.R. China.
| | - Huiyong Shen
- Department of Orthopedics, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 3025# Shennan Road, Shenzhen, P.R. China.
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Weon S, Jo S, Nam B, Choi SH, Park YS, Kim YG, Kim TH. Extracellular PPM1A promotes mineralization of osteoblasts differentiation in ankylosing spondylitis via the FOXO1A-RUNX2 pathway. J Cell Mol Med 2023; 27:650-658. [PMID: 36756789 PMCID: PMC9983316 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein phosphatase magnesium-dependent 1A (PPM1A), serine/threonine protein phosphatase, in sera level was increased in patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS). Preosteoblasts were differentiated actively to matured osteoblasts by intracellular PPM1A overexpression. However, it was unclear whether extracellular PPM1A contributes to the excessive bone-forming activity in AS. Here, we confirmed that PPM1A and runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) were increased in facet joints of AS. During osteoblasts differentiation, exogenous PPM1A treatment showed increased matrix mineralization in AS-osteoprogenitor cells accompanied by induction of RUNX2 and factor forkhead box O1A (FOXO1A) protein expressions. Moreover, upon growth condition, exogenous PPM1A treatment showed an increase in RUNX2 and FOXO1A protein expression and a decrease in phosphorylation at ser256 of FOXO1A protein in AS-osteoprogenitor cells, and positively regulated promoter activity of RUNX2 protein-binding motif. Mechanically, exogenous PPM1A treatment induced the dephosphorylation of transcription factor FOXO1A protein and translocation of FOXO1A protein into the nucleus for RUNX2 upregulation. Taken together, our results suggest that high PPM1A concentration promotes matrix mineralization in AS via the FOXO1A-RUNX2 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subin Weon
- Hanyang University Institute for Rheumatology Research (HYIRR), Seoul, Korea.,Department of Translational Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sungsin Jo
- Hanyang University Institute for Rheumatology Research (HYIRR), Seoul, Korea
| | - Bora Nam
- Hanyang University Institute for Rheumatology Research (HYIRR), Seoul, Korea.,Department of Rheumatology, Hanyang University Hospital for Rheumatic Disease, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung Hoon Choi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hanyang University Seoul Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ye-Soo Park
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Guri Hospital, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Guri, Korea
| | - Yong-Gil Kim
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tae-Hwan Kim
- Hanyang University Institute for Rheumatology Research (HYIRR), Seoul, Korea.,Department of Translational Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Rheumatology, Hanyang University Hospital for Rheumatic Disease, Seoul, Korea
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11
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Tsur AM, David P, Watad A, Nissan D, Cohen AD, Amital H. Ankylosing Spondylitis and the Risk of Hip Fractures: a Matched Cohort Study. J Gen Intern Med 2022; 37:3283-3288. [PMID: 35411534 PMCID: PMC9550950 DOI: 10.1007/s11606-021-07241-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS It has been hypothesized that ankylosing spondylitis is associated with an increased risk of incident hip fractures due to osteoporosis and risk of falls but the supporting evidence is limited and mixed. OBJECTIVES To assess the risk of hip fractures in a large cohort of patients with ankylosing spondylitis compared to a matched cohort. DESIGN A retrospective cohort study. SUBJECTS Men and women diagnosed with ankylosing spondylitis from 1 January 2002 to 31 December 2018. Matching in a 5:1 ratio was based on age and sex. Follow-up ended on 23 June 2019. MAIN MEASURES Cox regression models adjusting for confounders defined in a causal inference framework were used to determine the hazard ratio for hip fractures. KEY RESULT The final cohorts included 5,909 ankylosing spondylitis patients and 28,671 matched patients. The ankylosing spondylitis cohort had a mean age of 49 (17) years and was composed of 3,762 (64%) men, 3,638 (62%) patients born in Israel, and 1,532 (26%) patients of low residential socioeconomic status. During 45,388 and 224,192 cumulative person-years of follow-up, the ankylosing spondylitis and matched cohorts had 2.47 and 1.63 cases of hip fractures per 1,000 person-years, respectively. Ankylosing spondylitis patients also developed hip fractures earlier (74 [13] vs. 79 [10] years, p = 0.002). Ankylosing spondylitis was associated with hip fractures in the unadjusted (HR = 1.52, 95% CI [1.23-1.88]) and adjusted (HR = 1.56, 95% CI [1.27-1.93]) models. The association was evident in men (HR = 1.65, 95% CI [1.25-2.18]) and women (HR = 1.48, 95% CI [1.07-2.05]). CONCLUSION This study found that ankylosing spondylitis patients developed hip fractures earlier and more often compared to a matched cohort. This study suggests that ankylosing spondylitis patients might benefit from more proactive screening, mitigation, and prevention of risk factors for hip fractures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avishai M Tsur
- Department of Medicine B, Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, 5262100, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
- Israel Defense Forces, Medical Corps, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel
- Department of Military Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem Faculty of Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Paula David
- Department of Medicine B, Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, 5262100, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Abdulla Watad
- Department of Medicine B, Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, 5262100, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Daniel Nissan
- School of Public Health, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Arnon D Cohen
- Chief Physicians Office, Clalit Health Services, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Siaal Research Center for Family Medicine and Primary Care, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Howard Amital
- Department of Medicine B, Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, 5262100, Tel-Hashomer, Israel.
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel.
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12
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Kwon SR, Kim TH, Kim TJ, Park W, Shim SC. The Epidemiology and Treatment of Ankylosing Spondylitis in Korea. JOURNAL OF RHEUMATIC DISEASES 2022; 29:193-199. [PMID: 37476425 PMCID: PMC10351411 DOI: 10.4078/jrd.22.0023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Ankylosing spondylitis is a chronic inflammatory disorder characterized by inflammation of the axial skeleton and sacroiliac joints and to a lesser extent by peripheral arthritis and the involvement of some extra-articular organs. It is paramount for the provision of effective health care delivery to be familiar with the epidemiologic studies on prevalence, mortality, and disability. Furthermore, there is no systematic arrangement of studies related to the treatment of ankylosing spondylitis in Korea. In this review, we addressed Korean ankylosing spondylitis epidemiological studies related to prevalence, genetic factor especially human leucocyte antigen-B27, extra-articular manifestations, infections, mortality, radiologic progression, child-birth, and quality of life. Furthermore, we reviewed Korean ankylosing spondylitis treatment researches about treatment trend, patients' registration program called The KOrean College of Rheumatology BIOlogics and targeted therapy (KOBIO) registry project, biologics and biosimiliars, complications especially infections, and issues about bony progression. There would be value to further studying the epidemiology and treatment of Korean ankylosing spondylitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong-Ryul Kwon
- Rheumatism Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
| | - Tae-Hwan Kim
- Department of Rheumatology, Hanyang University Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tae-Jong Kim
- Department of Rheumatology, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Won Park
- Rheumatism Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
| | - Seung Cheol Shim
- Division of Rheumatology, Regional Rheumatoid and Degenerative Arthritis Center, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, Korea
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13
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Torgutalp M, Rios Rodriguez V, Dilbaryan A, Proft F, Protopopov M, Verba M, Rademacher J, Haibel H, Sieper J, Rudwaleit M, Poddubnyy D. Treatment with tumour necrosis factor inhibitors is associated with a time-shifted retardation of radiographic spinal progression in patients with axial spondyloarthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 2022; 81:1252-1259. [PMID: 35697486 PMCID: PMC9380506 DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2022-222324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of the current study was to analyse the association between treatment with tumour necrosis factor inhibitors (TNFi) and radiographic spinal progression in patients with axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) from a long-term inception cohort. METHODS A total of 243 patients with axSpA from the German Spondyloarthritis Inception Cohort with at least two sets of spinal radiographs obtained at least 2 years apart during a 10-year follow-up were included. Spinal radiographs were evaluated by three trained and calibrated readers according to the modified Stoke Ankylosing Spondylitis Spine Score (mSASSS). The association between the current TNFi, previous TNFi and radiographic spinal progression defined as the absolute mSASSS change score over 2 years was analysed using longitudinal generalised estimating equations analysis. RESULTS TNFi treatment in the current 2-year interval was not associated with retardation of radiographic spinal progression (β=-0.02 (95% CI -0.37 to 0.34) and -0.17 (95% CI -0.54 to 0.20) for any and ≥12 months treatment duration, respectively, adjusted for sex, the Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Score, smoking, presence of definite radiographic sacroiliitis, mSASSS at baseline and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug intake). TNFi treatment in the previous 2-year interval, was, however, significantly associated with reduction of mSASSS progression, which was especially evident in patients who received TNFi in the previous and in the current intervals: β=-0.58 (95% CI -1.02 to -0.13), adjusted for the same variables. CONCLUSION TNFi treatment was associated with a time-shifted effect on radiographic spinal progression in axSpA that became evident between years 2 and 4 after treatment initiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murat Torgutalp
- Department of Gastroenterology, Infectious Diseases and Rheumatology (Including Nutrition Medicine), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Valeria Rios Rodriguez
- Department of Gastroenterology, Infectious Diseases and Rheumatology (Including Nutrition Medicine), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ani Dilbaryan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Moscow City Clinical Hospital, Moscow, Russia
| | - Fabian Proft
- Department of Gastroenterology, Infectious Diseases and Rheumatology (Including Nutrition Medicine), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Mikhail Protopopov
- Department of Gastroenterology, Infectious Diseases and Rheumatology (Including Nutrition Medicine), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Maryna Verba
- Department of Gastroenterology, Infectious Diseases and Rheumatology (Including Nutrition Medicine), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Judith Rademacher
- Department of Gastroenterology, Infectious Diseases and Rheumatology (Including Nutrition Medicine), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charite, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hildrun Haibel
- Department of Gastroenterology, Infectious Diseases and Rheumatology (Including Nutrition Medicine), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Joachim Sieper
- Department of Gastroenterology, Infectious Diseases and Rheumatology (Including Nutrition Medicine), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Rudwaleit
- Department of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology, Klinikum Bielefeld, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany
| | - Denis Poddubnyy
- Department of Gastroenterology, Infectious Diseases and Rheumatology (Including Nutrition Medicine), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Epidemiology Unit, German Rheumatism Research Center, Berlin, Germany
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14
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Kim JH, Kim K, Kim I, Seong S, Koh JT, Kim N. Overexpression of Neurogenin 1 Negatively Regulates Osteoclast and Osteoblast Differentiation. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23126708. [PMID: 35743149 PMCID: PMC9223505 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurogenin 1 (Ngn1) belongs to the basic helix–loop–helix (bHLH) transcription factor family and plays important roles in specifying neuronal differentiation. The present study aimed to determine whether forced Ngn1 expression contributes to bone homeostasis. Ngn1 inhibited the p300/CREB-binding protein-associated factor (PCAF)-induced acetylation of nuclear factor of activated T cells 1 (NFATc1) and runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2) through binding to PCAF, which led to the inhibition of osteoclast and osteoblast differentiation, respectively. In addition, Ngn1 overexpression inhibited the TNF-α- and IL-17A-mediated enhancement of osteoclast differentiation and IL-17A-induced osteoblast differentiation. These findings indicate that Ngn1 can serve as a novel therapeutic agent for treating ankylosing spondylitis with abnormally increased bone formation and resorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Ha Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 61469, Korea; (J.H.K.); (K.K.); (I.K.); (S.S.)
- Hard-Tissue Biointerface Research Center, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea;
| | - Kabsun Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 61469, Korea; (J.H.K.); (K.K.); (I.K.); (S.S.)
| | - Inyoung Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 61469, Korea; (J.H.K.); (K.K.); (I.K.); (S.S.)
| | - Semun Seong
- Department of Pharmacology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 61469, Korea; (J.H.K.); (K.K.); (I.K.); (S.S.)
- Hard-Tissue Biointerface Research Center, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea;
| | - Jeong-Tae Koh
- Hard-Tissue Biointerface Research Center, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea;
- Department of Pharmacology and Dental Therapeutics, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
| | - Nacksung Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 61469, Korea; (J.H.K.); (K.K.); (I.K.); (S.S.)
- Hard-Tissue Biointerface Research Center, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-61-379-2835
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15
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Lems W, Miceli-Richard C, Haschka J, Giusti A, Chistensen GL, Kocijan R, Rosine N, Jørgensen NR, Bianchi G, Roux C. Bone Involvement in Patients with Spondyloarthropathies. Calcif Tissue Int 2022; 110:393-420. [PMID: 35066596 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-021-00933-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Spondyloarthropathies (SpA) are common systemic inflammatory rheumatic diseases, in which, as in other rheumatic diseases, levels of markers of bone resorption are elevated, leading to bone loss and elevated risk of vertebral fractures. However, the diseases are also associated with new bone formation in the spine, the so-called syndesmophytes. We tried to unravel the pathogenesis of formation and growth of syndesmophytes and evaluated new diagnostic and treatment options. After a successful meeting of the Working Group on Rheumatic Diseases at the ECTS 2020, we (WL and CR) were excited about the quality of the speakers (CM, JH, AG, and GL) and their complimentary lectures. Given the relative lack of reviews on spondyloarthropathies and bone, we decided to work together on a comprehensive review that might be interesting for basic scientists and clinically relevant for clinicians. Radiographic progression in axSpA is linked to several risk factors, like male sex, smoking, HLA-B-27, increased levels of CRP, presence of syndesmophytes, and marked inflammation on MRI. The potential role of mechanical stress in the context of physically demanding jobs has been also suggested to promote structural damages. Different treatment options from NSAIDs to biologic agents like TNF inhibitors (TNFi) or IL-17inhibitors (IL-17i) result in a reduction of inflammation and symptoms. However, all these different treatment options failed to show clear and reproducible results on inhibition on syndesmophyte formation. The majority of data are available on TNFi, and some studies suggested an effect in subgroups of patients with ankylosing spondylitis. Less information is available on NSAIDs and IL-17i. Since IL-17i have been introduced quite recently, more studies are expected. IL-17 inhibitors (Il-17i) potently reduce signs and symptoms, but serum level of IL-17 is not elevated, therefore, IL-17 probably has mainly a local effect. The failure of anti-IL-23 in axSpA suggests that IL-17A production could be independent from IL-23. It may be upregulated by TNFα, resulting in lower expression of DKK1 and RANKL and an increase in osteogenesis. In active AS markers of bone resorption are increased, while bone formation markers can be increased or decreased. Bone Turnover markers and additional markers related to Wnt such as DKK1, sclerostin, and RANKL are valuable for elucidating bone metabolism on a group level and they are not (yet) able to predict individual patient outcomes. The gold standard for detection of structural lesions in clinical practice is the use of conventional radiographics. However, the resolution is low compared to the change over time and the interval for detecting changes are 2 years or more. Modern techniques offer substantial advantages such as the early detection of bone marrow edema with MRI, the fivefold increased detection rate of new or growing syndesmophytes with low-dose CT, and the decrease in 18F-fluoride uptake during treatment with TNFα-inhibitors (TNFi) in a pilot study in 12 AS patients. Detection of bone involvement by new techniques, such as low-dose CT, MRI and 18-Fluoride PET-scans, and bone turnover markers, in combination with focusing on high-risk groups such as patients with early disease, elevated CRP, syndesmophytes at baseline, male patients and patients with HLA-B27 + are promising options for the near future. However, for optimal prevention of formation of syndesmophytes we need more detailed insight in the pathogenesis of bone formation in axSpA and probably more targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willem Lems
- Amsterdam University Medical Center, Location VUmc, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Corinne Miceli-Richard
- INSERM U 1153, Université de Paris-APHP.Centre, Service de Rhumatologie, Hopital Cochin, Paris, France
- Immunoregulation Unit, Department of Immunology, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Judith Haschka
- I Medical Department, Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Osteology, Hanusch Hospital of OEGK & Hanusch Hospital Vienna, Heinrich-Collin-Straße 30, 1140, Vienna, Austria
- Karl Landsteiner Institute for Rheumatology and Gastroenterology, Rheuma-Zentrum Wien-Oberlaa, 1100, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andrea Giusti
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medical Specialties, Local Health Trust 3, Via Missolungi 14, 16147, Genoa, Italy
| | | | - Roland Kocijan
- Medical Faculty of Bone Diseases, Sigmund Freud University Vienna, Freudplatz 1, 1020, Vienna, Austria
| | - Nicolas Rosine
- INSERM U 1153, Université de Paris-APHP.Centre, Service de Rhumatologie, Hopital Cochin, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, Service de Rhumatologie Hôpital Pitié Salpêtrière, APHP, Paris, France
| | | | - Gerolamo Bianchi
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medical Specialties, Local Health Trust 3, Via Missolungi 14, 16147, Genoa, Italy
| | - Christian Roux
- INSERM U 1153, Université de Paris-APHP.Centre, Service de Rhumatologie, Hopital Cochin, Paris, France
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16
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Abstract
Diagnosis and management of axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) has vastly improved over the past two decades. With advances in the discernment of immunopathogenesis of this disease, new therapies have become available, which are associated with substantial improvement in symptoms, signs and quality of life. The four broad categories of approved treatment options are physical therapy and exercise (which have been known to be beneficial for millennia), NSAIDs (since the 1950s), TNF inhibitors (first FDA approval in 2003) and IL-17 inhibitors (first FDA approval in 2016). In addition, there have been a host of new developments in the axSpA field, including new treatment guidelines, the FDA approval of three biologic DMARDs to treat non-radiographic axSpA, the FDA and EMA approval of Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors for ankylosing spondylitis, new data on the effect of biologic DMARDs on structural progression in ankylosing spondylitis, strategy trials on tapering or stopping TNF inhibitors in patients in remission, trials of treat-to-target strategy in axSpA, and several new molecules in phase III studies. This Review explores the developments in the management of axSpA.
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17
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van der Heijde D, Østergaard M, Reveille JD, Baraliakos X, Kronbergs A, Sandoval DM, Li X, Carlier H, Adams DH, Maksymowych WP. Spinal Radiographic Progression and Predictors of Progression in Patients With Radiographic Axial Spondyloarthritis Receiving Ixekizumab Over 2 Years. J Rheumatol 2022; 49:265-273. [PMID: 34853086 DOI: 10.3899/jrheum.210471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the long-term effect of ixekizumab (IXE) on radiographic changes in the spine in patients with radiographic axial spondyloarthritis (r-axSpA) by measuring change from baseline through 2 years in modified Stoke Ankylosing Spondylitis Spinal Score (mSASSS), and to identify potential predictors of progression. METHODS This study evaluates patients from COAST-V (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02696785, biologic disease-modifying antirheumatic drug-naïve) and COAST-W (NCT02696798, tumor necrosis factor inhibitor-experienced) who had mSASSS data at baseline in the originating studies and 108 weeks after baseline in the extension study COAST-Y (NCT03129100). We examined the proportion of patients who did not have spinal radiographic progression through 2 years (108 weeks) of treatment with IXE (80 mg every 2 or 4 weeks) and the change from baseline to year 2 in mSASSS. Potential predictors of spinal radiographic progression were also evaluated. RESULTS Among patients with evaluable radiographs who were originally assigned to IXE (n = 230), mean (SD) change in mSASSS from baseline at year 2 was 0.3 (1.8). The proportion of nonprogressors over 2 years was 89.6% if defined as mSASSS change from baseline < 2 and 75.7% if defined as mSASSS change from baseline ≤ 0. Predictors of structural progression at year 2 (mSASSS change > 0) were age ≥ 40, baseline syndesmophytes, HLA-B27 positivity, and male sex. Week 52 inflammation in Spondyloarthritis Research Consortium of Canada spine was also a predictor of radiographic progression at year 2 in patients with magnetic resonance imaging data in COAST-V (n = 109). CONCLUSION The majority of patients with r-axSpA receiving IXE had no radiographic progression in the spine through 2 years of treatment. Predictors were generally consistent with previous studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Désirée van der Heijde
- D. van der Heijde, MD, Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands;
| | - Mikkel Østergaard
- M. Østergaard, MD, Copenhagen Center for Arthritis Research, Center for Rheumatology and Spine Diseases, Rigshospitalet, and Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - John D Reveille
- J.D. Reveille, MD, Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunogenetics, University of Texas-McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Xenofon Baraliakos
- X. Baraliakos, MD, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany, and Rheumazentrum Ruhrgebiet, Herne, Germany
| | - Andris Kronbergs
- A. Kronbergs, PhD, D.M. Sandoval, MD, X. Li, PhD, H. Carlier, MD, D.H. Adams, PhD, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - David M Sandoval
- A. Kronbergs, PhD, D.M. Sandoval, MD, X. Li, PhD, H. Carlier, MD, D.H. Adams, PhD, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Xiaoqi Li
- A. Kronbergs, PhD, D.M. Sandoval, MD, X. Li, PhD, H. Carlier, MD, D.H. Adams, PhD, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Hilde Carlier
- A. Kronbergs, PhD, D.M. Sandoval, MD, X. Li, PhD, H. Carlier, MD, D.H. Adams, PhD, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - David H Adams
- A. Kronbergs, PhD, D.M. Sandoval, MD, X. Li, PhD, H. Carlier, MD, D.H. Adams, PhD, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Walter P Maksymowych
- W.P. Maksymowych, MD, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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18
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Llop M, Moreno M, Navarro-Compán V, Juanola X, de Miguel E, Almodóvar R, Quintana EC, Sanz JS, Beltrán E, Montesinos MDR, Calvet J, Berenguer-Llergo A, Gratacós J, Montejo PZ, Joven B, Almirall M, Espartero MCF, Gualda EB, Campos C, Estevez EC, Font P, Poch TC, Linares Ferrando LF, Lozano CR, Yoldi B. Sustained low disease activity measured by ASDAS slow radiographic spinal progression in axial spondyloarthritis patients treated with TNF-inhibitors: data from REGISPONSERBIO. Arthritis Res Ther 2022; 24:30. [PMID: 35063018 PMCID: PMC8780330 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-021-02695-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
To evaluate the influence of the disease activity on radiographic progression in axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) patients treated with TNF inhibitors (TNFi).
Methods
The study included 101 axSpA patients from the Spanish Register of Biological Therapy in Spondyloarthritides (REGISPONSERBIO), which had clinical data and radiographic assessment available. Patients were classified into 2 groups based on the duration of TNFi treatment at baseline: (i) long-term treatment (≥4 years) and (ii) no long-term treatment (< 4 years). Radiographs were scored by two readers according to the modified Stoke Ankylosing Spondylitis Spine Score (mSASSS) with known chronology. Disease activity differences between patients’ groups at each time point were assessed using a linear mixed-effect model.
Results
Radiographic progression was defined as an increase in ≥2 mSASSS units. At inclusion, approximately half of the patients (45.5%) were receiving long-term treatment with TNFi (≥4 years). In this group of subjects, a significant difference in averaged Ankylosing Spondylitis disease Activity Score (ASDAS) across follow-up was found between progressors and non-progressors (2.33 vs 1.76, p=0.027, respectively). In patients not under long-term TNFi treatment (54.5%) though, no significant ASDAS differences were observed between progressors and non-progressors until the third year of follow-up. Furthermore, no significant differences were found in progression status, when disease activity was measured by Bath Ankylosing spondylitis Disease Activity Index (BASDAI) and C reactive protein (CRP).
Conclusions
Patients on long-term TNFi treatment with a mean sustained low disease activity measures by ASDAS presented lower radiographic progression than those with active disease.
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19
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Atas N, Çakır B, Bakır F, Uçar M, Satış H, Güz GT, Demirel KD, Babaoğlu H, Salman RB, Güler AA, Karadeniz H, Haznedaroğlu Ş, Göker B, Öztürk MA, Tufan A. The impact of anti-TNF treatment on Wnt signaling, noggin, and cytokine levels in axial spondyloarthritis. Clin Rheumatol 2022; 41:1381-1389. [DOI: 10.1007/s10067-022-06070-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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20
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Hammoura I, Fiechter RH, Bryant SH, Westmoreland S, Kingsbury G, Waegell W, Tas SW, Baeten DL, van de Sande MGH, van Tok MN, van Duivenvoorde LM. Dual Blockade of TNF and IL-17A Inhibits Inflammation and Structural Damage in a Rat Model of Spondyloarthritis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23020859. [PMID: 35055042 PMCID: PMC8776047 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and IL-23/IL-17 axes are the main therapeutic targets in spondyloarthritis. Despite the clinical efficacy of blocking either pathway, monotherapy does not induce remission in all patients and its effect on new bone formation remains unclear. We aimed to study the effect of TNF and IL-17A dual inhibition on clinical disease and structural damage using the HLA-B27/human β2-microglobulin transgenic rat model of SpA. Immunized rats were randomized according to arthritis severity, 1 week after arthritis incidence reached 50%, to be treated twice weekly for a period of 5 weeks with either a dual blockade therapy of an anti-TNF antibody and an anti-IL-17A antibody, a single therapy of either antibody, or PBS as vehicle control. Treatment-blinded observers assessed inflammation and structural damage clinically, histologically and by micro-CT imaging. Both single therapies as well as TNF and IL-17A dual blockade therapy reduced clinical spondylitis and peripheral arthritis effectively and similarly. Clinical improvement was confirmed for all treatments by a reduction of histological inflammation and pannus formation (p < 0.05) at the caudal spine. All treatments showed an improvement of structural changes at the axial and peripheral joints on micro-CT imaging, with a significant decrease for roughness (p < 0.05), which reflects both erosion and new bone formation, at the level of the caudal spine. The effect of dual blockade therapy on new bone formation was more prominent at the axial than the peripheral level. Collectively, our study showed that dual blockade therapy significantly reduces inflammation and structural changes, including new bone formation. However, we could not confirm a more pronounced effect of dual inhibition compared to single inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ihsan Hammoura
- Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (I.H.); (R.H.F.); (S.W.T.); (D.L.B.); (M.N.v.T.); (L.M.v.D.)
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Renee H. Fiechter
- Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (I.H.); (R.H.F.); (S.W.T.); (D.L.B.); (M.N.v.T.); (L.M.v.D.)
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Shaughn H. Bryant
- AbbVie Bioresearch Center, Worcester, MA 01605, USA; (S.H.B.); (S.W.); (G.K.); (W.W.)
| | - Susan Westmoreland
- AbbVie Bioresearch Center, Worcester, MA 01605, USA; (S.H.B.); (S.W.); (G.K.); (W.W.)
| | - Gillian Kingsbury
- AbbVie Bioresearch Center, Worcester, MA 01605, USA; (S.H.B.); (S.W.); (G.K.); (W.W.)
| | - Wendy Waegell
- AbbVie Bioresearch Center, Worcester, MA 01605, USA; (S.H.B.); (S.W.); (G.K.); (W.W.)
| | - Sander W. Tas
- Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (I.H.); (R.H.F.); (S.W.T.); (D.L.B.); (M.N.v.T.); (L.M.v.D.)
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dominique L. Baeten
- Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (I.H.); (R.H.F.); (S.W.T.); (D.L.B.); (M.N.v.T.); (L.M.v.D.)
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marleen G. H. van de Sande
- Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (I.H.); (R.H.F.); (S.W.T.); (D.L.B.); (M.N.v.T.); (L.M.v.D.)
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Correspondence:
| | - Melissa N. van Tok
- Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (I.H.); (R.H.F.); (S.W.T.); (D.L.B.); (M.N.v.T.); (L.M.v.D.)
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Leonie M. van Duivenvoorde
- Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (I.H.); (R.H.F.); (S.W.T.); (D.L.B.); (M.N.v.T.); (L.M.v.D.)
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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21
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Kwon SR. The Long, Dynamic Journey to the Elucidation of the Links Between Inflammation, Ectopic Bone Formation, and Wnt Signaling in Ankylosing Spondylitis. JOURNAL OF RHEUMATIC DISEASES 2022; 29:1-3. [PMID: 37476699 PMCID: PMC10324921 DOI: 10.4078/jrd.2022.29.1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/05/2021] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Seong-Ryul Kwon
- Rheumatism Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
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22
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de Toledo RA, Grizzo FMF, Fernandes V, Calheiros R, Russo RT, Rosal G, Marchese LRD, Tunala R, Watanabe R, Birck MG, Julian GS, Forestiero FJ. Maintained activity in ankylosing spondylitis patients treated with TNFi and/or NSAID for at least 12 weeks: a cross-sectional study in Brazil. Adv Rheumatol 2022; 62:38. [PMID: 36307836 PMCID: PMC9614733 DOI: 10.1186/s42358-022-00270-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to evaluate disease activity among patients with axial spondyloarthritis (AS) treated with tumor necrosis factor inhibitors (TNFi) and/or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for at least 12 weeks in private outpatient settings in Brazil. METHODS This was a cross-sectional, real-world study conducted in 17 Brazilian private health care institutes. Patients were selected if diagnosed with AS or axial radiographic spondyloarthritis (AxSpA) and treated with NSAIDs or TNFi for at least 12 weeks within the last 26 weeks prior to enrollment. The data were collected from interviewed-based and self-administered questionnaires from patients and physicians. Disease activity was defined as active (≥ 4), low /suboptimal (≥ 2 and < 4) and inactive (< 4) by Bath AS Disease Activity Index (BASDAI) and/or very high (≥ 3.5), high (≥ 2.1 to < 3.5), low (≥ 1.3 to < 2.1), and inactive (< 1.3) by AS Disease Activity Score (ASDAS-CRP). Both patients and physicians' perceptions of disease control were assessed using a numeric rating scale (NRS; 0-inactive to 10-very active disease). RESULTS The cohort included 378 patients with a mean age of 46 years, and the median time since diagnosis until enrollment was 5.4 years (interquartile range 2.7-10.5). Most patients were treated with TNFi alone (74%), followed by TNFi in combination with NSAID (15%), and NSAID alone (11%). About half AS patients showed active disease and 24% of patients showed low activity/suboptimal disease control despite having been treated for at least 12 weeks. Although TNFi showed better disease control than NSAID, inactive disease was experienced by few patients. The NRS (mean [standard deviation]) score for disease perception was 4.24 (3.3) and 2.85 (2.6) for patients and physicians, respectively. CONCLUSION This real-world study showed that most AS patients on TNFi and/or NSAID had not achieved an adequate disease control, as almost 75% of them exhibited active disease or low activity/suboptimal disease control. There remains a need for improved disease management among patients with AS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Acayaba de Toledo
- grid.477354.60000 0004 0481 5979Fundação Faculdade Regional de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto, São José do Rio Preto, SP Brazil
| | | | | | - Renato Calheiros
- grid.418424.f0000 0004 0439 2056Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, East Hanover, NJ USA
| | - Ricardo T. Russo
- Novartis Biociências S.A, 90 São Paulo, 04636-000 São Paulo, SP Brazil
| | - Gustavo Rosal
- Novartis Biociências S.A, 90 São Paulo, 04636-000 São Paulo, SP Brazil
| | | | - Roberto Tunala
- Novartis Biociências S.A, 90 São Paulo, 04636-000 São Paulo, SP Brazil
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23
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Klavdianou K, Tsiami S, Baraliakos X. New developments in ankylosing spondylitis-status in 2021. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2021; 60:vi29-vi37. [PMID: 34951921 PMCID: PMC8709566 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/keab523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Axial SpA (axSpA) is a common rheumatic disease characterized by inflammation leading to bone formation and functional impairment. TNF-α and IL-17 represent established targets in axSpA. TNF-α and IL-17 inhibitors have demonstrated efficacy in clinical trials and are currently approved biologic DMARDs for all subsets of the disease. Several lines of evidence implicate a role of an IL-23–IL-17 axis in the disease pathogenesis. In this light, and given the success of IL-17 blockade in axSpA, a similar good response to IL-23 was anticipated. Nevertheless, two clinical trials of anti-IL-23 monoclonal antibodies in axSpA have clearly exhibited negative results. This failure has raised theories for a degree of IL-23 independent pathway. The Janus kinase (JAK) pathway is also a potential therapeutic target, since several cytokines, including those involved in the IL-23–IL-17 axis, signal through the JAK family of tyrosine kinases. Further studies and more extended evaluation of response to cytokine inhibition across different tissues will be required to improve our understanding of SpA pathogenesis and determine its optimal management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalliopi Klavdianou
- Rheumazentrum Ruhrgebiet Herne, Ruhr-University Bochum, Herne, Germany.,Department of Rheumatology, 'Asklepieion' General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Styliani Tsiami
- Rheumazentrum Ruhrgebiet Herne, Ruhr-University Bochum, Herne, Germany
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24
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Garcia-Montoya L, Emery P. Disease modification in ankylosing spondylitis with TNF inhibitors: spotlight on early phase clinical trials. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2021; 30:1109-1124. [PMID: 34842481 DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2021.2010187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a chronic inflammatory disease whose main hallmark is involvement of the axial skeleton. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are the first line treatment; however, their use is limited because of side effects. Tumor necrosis factor inhibitors (TNFi) are a safe and effective therapy, and they have been approved for the management of AS. AREAS COVERED This is a review of the efficacy of TNFi in disease modification in AS. It is focused on results from early-phase clinical trials; however, it also discusses the most relevant findings in order to optimize anti-TNF treatment. A literature search was done using PubMed, Medline, Embase, Google Scholar, and Cochrane library, looking for scientific publications from inception to August 2021. Further information was retrieved from ClinicalTrial.gov and Clinicaltrialsregister.eu. EXPERT OPINION TNFi have demonstrated short- and long-term improvements in all aspects of disease activity, as well as physical function in patients with AS. They have drastically revolutionized the management of the disease; and even though new drugs have become available in the market, TNFi has not been displaced for the treatment of AS, and still constitute the best alternative when NSAIDs are no-longer an option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leticia Garcia-Montoya
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.,National Institute for Health Research, Leeds Biomedical Research Centre, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
| | - Paul Emery
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.,National Institute for Health Research, Leeds Biomedical Research Centre, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
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25
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Baraliakos X, Kruse S, Auteri SE, de Peyrecave N, Nurminen T, Kumke T, Hoepken B, Braun J. Certolizumab Pegol Treatment in Axial Spondyloarthritis Mitigates Fat Lesion Development: 4-Year Post-Hoc MRI Results from a Phase 3 Study. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2021; 61:2875-2885. [PMID: 34791107 PMCID: PMC9258590 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/keab841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Fat lesions (FLs) on MRI T1 sequences are considered early indicators of structural spinal progression in axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) patients. In this post-hoc analysis from RAPID-axSpA, we assess whether TNFi treatment over 4 years impacts FLs in spinal vertebral edges (VEs) of patients with axSpA. METHODS In RAPID-axSpA (NCT01087762), a 4-year, phase 3 randomised trial, participants were randomised to certolizumab pegol (CZP; 400 mg loading dose at Weeks 0/2/4 then 200/400 mg every 2/4 weeks) or placebo (PBO) at baseline; PBO-randomised participants switched to CZP at week 16/24 (denoted PBO-randomised/CZP). Spinal MRI scans were taken at Weeks 0, 12, 48, 96 and 204. Changes in proportions of VEs with FLs are reported as odds ratios (OR) between timepoints. RESULTS Overall, 136 participants (CZP: 89, PBO-randomised/CZP: 47) had a baseline and ≥1 post-baseline MRI. The OR (95% CI) vs baseline of FLs was higher in PBO-randomised/CZP vs CZP-randomised participants at Weeks 48 (3.35 [2.16-5.19] vs 1.45 [1.07-1.97]), 96 (2.62 [1.77-3.88] vs 1.84 [1.36-2.48]) and 204 (2.55 [1.59-4.06] vs 1.71 [1.23-2.37]). Across 204 weeks, FLs increased more in VEs with baseline inflammation (week 204 OR: 4.84 [2.56-9.18]) than those without (OR: 1.15 [0.78-1.71]). VEs in which inflammation was resolved by week 12 had lower FL prevalence at Weeks 48, 96 and 204 compared with VEs with unresolved inflammation. CONCLUSIONS Early and sustained suppression of inflammation mitigates the risk of long-term fat lesion development in the spine in study participants with axSpA evaluated over 4 years.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sebastian Kruse
- Rheumazentrum Ruhrgebiet Herne, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Jürgen Braun
- Rheumazentrum Ruhrgebiet Herne, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
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26
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Tumor necrosis factor inhibitor (TNFi) persistence and reasons for discontinuation in a predominantly male cohort with axial spondyloarthritis. Rheumatol Int 2021; 42:1925-1937. [PMID: 34724089 DOI: 10.1007/s00296-021-05024-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Although tumor necrosis factor inhibitors (TNFi) have favorably altered the treatment landscape for patients with axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA), there is limited data regarding TNFi persistence and reasons for discontinuation. This is an observational time-to-event study utilizing data collected for a prospective multiple-disease registry of US Veterans with axSpA treated with TNFi therapies and recruited over a 10 year period. Clinical, serological, and comorbid parameters were collected. Corporate Data Warehouse Pharmacy files provided courses of the 5 TNFi agents, and response to treatment was documented. Individual TNFi persistence was established utilizing univariate and multivariate Cox proportional models, and reasons for discontinuation were obtained by physician chart review. Two-hundred and fifty-five axSpA patients received 731 TNFi courses. A majority of patients (84.3%) had TNFi persistence at 12 months; 63.5% and 47.1% at 24 and 36 months, respectively. Compared to adalimumab, infliximab demonstrated greater persistence, certolizumab the least. Age, smoking status, BMI, comorbidity burden, inflammatory markers and HLA-B27 did not predict TNFi persistence or discontinuation. Stroke and peripheral arterial disease increased the probability of TNFi discontinuation. Secondary non-response (SNR) was the most common reason for discontinuation (46% of all courses); non-adherence (6%) and clinical remission (2%) were uncommon. Pain score at enrollment, myocardial infarction, African American race and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) predicted TNFi response. While initial persistence of TNFi treatment was high, a large proportion of the patients discontinued initial TNFi therapy by 3 years, primarily due to loss of efficacy. While further research identifying potential predictors of TNFi discontinuation in axSpA is warranted, access to alternate disease-modifying therapies is needed.
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27
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Zhong XL, Qian BP, Huang JC, Zhao SZ, Li Y, Qiu Y. Low expression of TCP1 (T-Complex 1) and PSMC1 (Proteasome 26S subunit, ATPase 1) in heterotopic ossification during ankylosing spondylitis. Bioengineered 2021; 12:7459-7469. [PMID: 34612770 PMCID: PMC8806538 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.1975981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Heterotopic ossification (HO) is frequently seen in patients with spinal injuries. Therefore, this study aimed to characterize the association of HO with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) through gene expression profiling. The human transcriptomic datasets (GSE73754 and GSE94683) were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus database for analysis. Overlapping differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified between AS and HO disease states. Subsequently, weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was performed for constructing and identifying hub genes for each condition. Finally, a consensus of the overlapping DEGs and the hub genes in AS and HO was taken for determining the key genes involved in AS-induced HO. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blotting were used to detect the mRNA and protein expression levels in mesenchymal stem cells of AS patients and controls. Additionally, immunohistochemistry was performed on interspinous ligament samples for experimental validation of genes. DEG analysis identified 355 overlapping genes between HO and AS. WGCNA indicated that the salmon module of the 22 modules constructed, was most significantly correlated with AS-induced HO. Subsequently, Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis of the salmon module indicated the presence of genes enriched in proteasome regulatory particle and proteasome pathways. mRNA expression analysis identified TCP1 and PSMC1 as the key genes in AS-induced HO. Further validation of these genes could help elucidate their role in the complex association of AS and HO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Lin Zhong
- Division of Spine Surgery, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.,Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bang-Ping Qian
- Division of Spine Surgery, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ji-Chen Huang
- Division of Spine Surgery, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.,Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shi-Zhou Zhao
- Division of Spine Surgery, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.,Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yao Li
- Division of Spine Surgery, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.,Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yong Qiu
- Division of Spine Surgery, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
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28
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Sepriano A, Ramiro S, van der Heijde D, Landewé R. Biological DMARDs and disease modification in axial spondyloarthritis: a review through the lens of causal inference. RMD Open 2021; 7:rmdopen-2021-001654. [PMID: 34253683 PMCID: PMC8276290 DOI: 10.1136/rmdopen-2021-001654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) is a chronic rheumatic disease characterised by inflammation predominantly involving the spine and the sacroiliac joints. In some patients, axial inflammation leads to irreversible structural damage that in the spine is usually quantified by the modified Stoke Ankylosing Spondylitis Spinal Score (mSASSS). Available therapeutic options include biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (bDMARDs), which have been proven effective in suppressing inflammation in several randomised controlled trials (RCT), the gold standard for evaluating causal treatment effects. RCTs are, however, unfeasible for testing structural effects in axSpA mainly due to the low sensitivity to change of the mSASSS. The available literature therefore mainly includes observational research, which poses serious challenges to the determination of causality. Here, we review the studies testing the effect of bDMARDs on spinal radiographic progression, making use of the principles of causal inference. By exploring the assumptions of causality under counterfactual reasoning (exchangeability, positivity and consistency), we distinguish between studies that likely have reported confounded treatment effects and studies that, on the basis of their design, have more likely reported causal treatment effects. We conclude that bDMARDs might, indirectly, interfere with spinal radiographic progression in axSpA by their effect on inflammation. Innovations in imaging are expected, so that placebo-controlled trials can in the future become a reality. In the meantime, causal inference analysis using observational data may contribute to a better understanding of whether disease modification is possible in axSpA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Sepriano
- Rheumatology, NOVA Medical School, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal .,Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Sofia Ramiro
- Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands.,Rheumatology, Zuyderland Medical Centre Heerlen, Heerlen, Netherlands
| | | | - Robert Landewé
- Rheumatology, Zuyderland Medical Centre Heerlen, Heerlen, Netherlands.,Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, Duivendrecht, Netherlands
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29
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Du J, Sun J, Wen Z, Wu Z, Li Q, Xia Y, Yang Q, Yang C. Serum IL-6 and TNF-α Levels Are Correlated with Disease Severity in Patients with Ankylosing Spondylitis. Lab Med 2021; 53:149-155. [PMID: 34415341 DOI: 10.1093/labmed/lmab029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Previous studies have shown that a number of cytokines participate in the regulation of ankylosing spondylitis (AS). To investigate the potential role of interleukin (IL)-6 and tumor necrosis factor- α (TNF-α) in AS pathogenesis, this study examined the serum levels of IL-6 and TNF-α in patients with AS and its clinical association with disease activity. MATERIALS AND METHODS The serum concentrations of IL-6 and TNF-α from 80 patients with AS and 46 healthy control patients (HCs) were examined by electrochemiluminescence immunoassay. The correlations between the serum IL-6 and TNF-α levels and the Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index (BASDAI), computed tomography (CT) imaging-based classification, and laboratory indicators were analyzed using the Spearman correlation test. RESULTS Compared to HCs, patients with AS showed higher levels of IL-6 and TNF-α. There was also a positive correlation between the serum IL-6 and TNF-α levels and the BASDAI, the progression of AS, and the CT imaging-based classification. The serum levels of IL-6 correlated closely with C-reactive protein and the erythrocyte sedimentation rate. More important, patients with AS with hip joint involvement exhibited a significant elevation of serum levels of TNF-α, and higher IL-6 was detected in patients with the involvement of joints other than the hip and sacroiliac joints. CONCLUSION The serum levels of IL-6 and TNF-α can function as important indicators for auxiliary diagnosis and disease activity evaluation of AS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Du
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, P.R. China
| | - Jinxia Sun
- Shenzhen GenTarGet Biotherapeutics Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, P.R. China
| | - Zhanpeng Wen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, P.R. China
| | - Zhicheng Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, P.R. China
| | - Qian Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, P.R. China
| | - Yuhao Xia
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, P.R. China
| | - Qiannan Yang
- Department of Biology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, US
| | - Chao Yang
- Department of Surgery, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, P.R. China
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30
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Ma M, Li H, Wang P, Yang W, Mi R, Zhuang J, Jiang Y, Lu Y, Shen X, Wu Y, Shen H. ATF6 aggravates angiogenesis-osteogenesis coupling during ankylosing spondylitis by mediating FGF2 expression in chondrocytes. iScience 2021; 24:102791. [PMID: 34296071 PMCID: PMC8281657 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Although angiogenesis-osteogenesis coupling is important in ankylosing spondylitis (AS), therapeutic agents targeting the vasculature remain elusive. Here, we identified activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6) as an important regulator of angiogenesis in the pathogenesis of AS. First, we found that ATF6 and fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) levels were higher in SKG mice and in cartilage of pateints with AS1. The proangiogenic activity of human chondrocytes was enhanced by the activation of the ATF6-FGF2 axis following 7 days of stimulation with inflammatory factors, e.g., tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interferon-γ (IFN-γ) or interleukin-17 (IL-17). Mechanistically, ATF6 interacted with the FGF2 promotor and promoted its transcription. Treatment with the ATF6 inhibitor Ceapin-A7 inhibited angiogenesis in vitro and angiogenesis-osteogenesis coupling in vivo. ATF6 may aggravate angiogenesis-osteogenesis coupling during AS by mediating FGF2 transcription in chondrocytes, implying that ATF6 represents a promising therapeutic target for AS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjun Ma
- Department of Orthopedics, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518003, China
| | - Hongyu Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518003, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518003, China
| | - Wen Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518003, China
| | - Rujia Mi
- Center for Biotherapy, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518003, China
| | - Jiahao Zhuang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518003, China
| | - Yuhang Jiang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518003, China
| | - Yixuan Lu
- Center for Biotherapy, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518003, China
| | - Xin Shen
- Department of Orthopedics, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518003, China
| | - Yanfeng Wu
- Center for Biotherapy, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518003, China
| | - Huiyong Shen
- Department of Orthopedics, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518003, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510000, China
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31
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Floris A, Congia M, Chessa E, Angioni MM, Piga M, Cauli A. Targeted Therapies in Axial Psoriatic Arthritis. Front Genet 2021; 12:689984. [PMID: 34262600 PMCID: PMC8273289 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.689984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Specific and high-quality evidence on the efficacy of the current targeted therapies for axial disease in psoriatic arthritis (axPsA) is still scarce. Indeed, almost all the cohorts investigated in clinical trials on PsA consisted of patients with peripheral arthritis, where a small number of them also had axial involvement. Only one randomized controlled trial was so far specifically designed to assess the efficacy of a biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD) in axPsA. For other biological and synthetic targeted DMARDs, the most specific evidence for treatment in axPsA is extrapolated from post-hoc analyses based on PsA patients with concomitant peripheral and axial manifestations. Furthermore, the current trials and post-hoc analysis on axPsA are affected by major limitations, including the lack of a widely accepted definition of axPsA and the lack of specific and validated outcome measures. Finally, poor data are available on the genetics of axPsA, although alleles differentially expressed in different patterns of axPsA might offer advantages in the prospective of personalized medicine in axPsA patients. Overall, this review suggests that there is an urgent need for more reliable evidence derived from studies specifically designed for axPsA and based on a validated definition of axPsA and on specific outcome measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Floris
- Unità Operativa Complessa di Reumatologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Sanità Pubblica, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria e Università di Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy
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Fisher C, Ciurtin C, Leandro M, Sen D, Wedderburn LR. Similarities and Differences Between Juvenile and Adult Spondyloarthropathies. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:681621. [PMID: 34136509 PMCID: PMC8200411 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.681621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Spondyloarthritis (SpA) encompasses a broad spectrum of conditions occurring from childhood to middle age. Key features of SpA include axial and peripheral arthritis, enthesitis, extra-articular manifestations, and a strong association with HLA-B27. These features are common across the ages but there are important differences between juvenile and adult onset disease. Juvenile SpA predominantly affects the peripheral joints and the incidence of axial arthritis increases with age. Enthesitis is important in early disease. This review article highlights the similarities and differences between juvenile and adult SpA including classification, pathogenesis, clinical features, imaging, therapeutic strategies, and disease outcomes. In addition, the impact of the biological transition from childhood to adulthood is explored including the importance of musculoskeletal and immunological maturation. We discuss how the changes associated with adolescence may be important in explaining age-related differences in the clinical phenotype between juvenile and adult SpA and their implications for the treatment of juvenile SpA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinne Fisher
- Centre for Adolescent Rheumatology Versus Arthritis at University College London, University College London Hospital and Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Adolescent Rheumatology, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom.,National Institute for Health Research University College London Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre, London, United Kingdom
| | - Coziana Ciurtin
- Centre for Adolescent Rheumatology Versus Arthritis at University College London, University College London Hospital and Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Adolescent Rheumatology, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom.,Division of Medicine, Department of Rheumatology (Bloomsbury), University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Leandro
- Centre for Adolescent Rheumatology Versus Arthritis at University College London, University College London Hospital and Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Adolescent Rheumatology, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom.,Division of Medicine, Department of Rheumatology (Bloomsbury), University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Debajit Sen
- Centre for Adolescent Rheumatology Versus Arthritis at University College London, University College London Hospital and Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Adolescent Rheumatology, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom.,National Institute for Health Research University College London Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lucy R Wedderburn
- Centre for Adolescent Rheumatology Versus Arthritis at University College London, University College London Hospital and Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, United Kingdom.,National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre at Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, United Kingdom.,Infection, Immunity & Inflammation Teaching and Research Department University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
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33
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Wetterslev M, Østergaard M, Sørensen IJ, Weber U, Loft AG, Kollerup G, Juul L, Thamsborg G, Madsen OR, Møller JM, Pedersen SJ. Development and Validation of 3 Preliminary MRI Sacroiliac Joint Composite Structural Damage Scores In a 5-year Longitudinal Axial Spondyloarthritis Study. J Rheumatol 2021; 48:1537-1546. [PMID: 33858979 DOI: 10.3899/jrheum.201075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA), sacroiliac joint (SIJ) erosion is often followed by fat metaplasia in an erosion cavity (backfill), and subsequently ankylosis. We aimed to combine the Spondyloarthritis Research Consortium of Canada (SPARCC) SIJ structural score for erosion, backfill, and ankylosis into 3 versions of a novel preliminary axSpA magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) SIJ Composite Structural Damage Score (CSDS) and to test these. METHODS Thirty-three patients with axSpA, followed for 5 years after initiation of tumor necrosis factor inhibitor, had MRIs of the SIJs at baseline, and yearly thereafter. Three versions of CSDS were calculated based on different weightings of erosion, backfill, and ankylosis: (1) equal weighting: CSDSequal = (erosion × 0.5) + backfill + ankylosis; (2) advanced stages weighting more: CSDSstepwise = (erosion × 1) + (backfill × 4 ) + (ankylosis × 6); and (3) advanced stages overruling earlier stages ("hierarchical") with "<" meaning "overruled by": CSDShierarchical = (erosion × 1) < (backfill × 4) < (ankylosis × 6). RESULTS At baseline, all CSDS correlated positively with SPARCC fat and ankylosis scores and modified New York radiography grading, and negatively with the Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Index and SPARCC SIJ inflammation scores. CSDSstepwise and CSDShierarchical (not CSDSequal) correlated positively with symptom duration and the Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Metrology Index, and closer with SPARCC ankylosis score and modified New York radiography grading than CSDSequal. The adjusted annual progression rate for CSDSstepwise and CSDShierarchical (not CSDSequal) was higher the first year compared with fourth year (P = 0.04 and P = 0.01). Standardized response mean (baseline to Week 46) was moderate for CSDShierarchical (0.64) and CSDSstepwise (0.59) and small for CSDSequal (0.25). CONCLUSION Particularly CSDSstepwise and CSDShierarchical showed construct validity and responsiveness, encouraging further validation in larger clinical trials. The potential clinical implication is assessment of SIJ damage progression by 1 composite score.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Wetterslev
- The Biomarkers in Spondylarthritis study (BIOSPA; ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT00133315) was conducted without any financial support. The Danish Rheumatism Association supported MW with a PhD fellowship grant (R131-A5381). . Wetterslev, MD, M. Østergaard, MD, PhD, DMSc, Copenhagen Center for Arthritis Research, Center for Rheumatology and Spine Diseases, Rigshospitalet, and Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen; I.J. Sørensen, MD, PhD, G. Kollerup, MD, PhD, L. Juul, MD, PhD, G. Thamsborg, MD, DMSc, O.R. Madsen, MD, PhD, DMSc, S.J. Pedersen, MD, PhD, Copenhagen Center for Arthritis Research, Center for Rheumatology and Spine Diseases, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen; U. Weber, MD, Danish Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases, University Hospital of Southern Denmark, Soenderborg, and Department of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense; A.G. Loft, MD, PhD, Department of Rheumatology, Lillebælt Hospital, Vejle, Department of Rheumatology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus; J.M. Møller, PhD, Department of Radiology, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark. MØ has received research support, consultancy fees and/or speaker fees from AbbVie, BMS, Boehringer Ingelheim, Celgene, Eli Lilly, Hospira, Janssen, Merck, Novartis, Pfizer, Regeneron, Roche, Sandoz, Sanofi, and UCB. SJP has received speaker fees from MSD, Pfizer, AbbVie, Novartis, and UCB; has been an advisory board member for AbbVie and Novartis; and has received research support from AbbVie, MSD, and Novartis. AGL has been a consultant and advisor for AbbVie, Eli Lilly, MSD, Novartis, Pfizer, and UCB and has received speaker fees from AbbVie, MSD, Novartis, Pfizer, and UCB. GK has received speaker fees from Eli Lilly. MW, IJS, UW, LJ, GT, ORM, and JMM declare no conflicts of interest relevant to this article. Address correspondence to Dr. M. Wetterslev, Copenhagen Center for Arthritis Research, Center for Rheumatology and Spine Diseases, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Valdemar Hansens Vej 17, 2600 Glostrup, Denmark. . Accepted for publication March 31, 2021
| | - Mikkel Østergaard
- The Biomarkers in Spondylarthritis study (BIOSPA; ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT00133315) was conducted without any financial support. The Danish Rheumatism Association supported MW with a PhD fellowship grant (R131-A5381). . Wetterslev, MD, M. Østergaard, MD, PhD, DMSc, Copenhagen Center for Arthritis Research, Center for Rheumatology and Spine Diseases, Rigshospitalet, and Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen; I.J. Sørensen, MD, PhD, G. Kollerup, MD, PhD, L. Juul, MD, PhD, G. Thamsborg, MD, DMSc, O.R. Madsen, MD, PhD, DMSc, S.J. Pedersen, MD, PhD, Copenhagen Center for Arthritis Research, Center for Rheumatology and Spine Diseases, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen; U. Weber, MD, Danish Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases, University Hospital of Southern Denmark, Soenderborg, and Department of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense; A.G. Loft, MD, PhD, Department of Rheumatology, Lillebælt Hospital, Vejle, Department of Rheumatology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus; J.M. Møller, PhD, Department of Radiology, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark. MØ has received research support, consultancy fees and/or speaker fees from AbbVie, BMS, Boehringer Ingelheim, Celgene, Eli Lilly, Hospira, Janssen, Merck, Novartis, Pfizer, Regeneron, Roche, Sandoz, Sanofi, and UCB. SJP has received speaker fees from MSD, Pfizer, AbbVie, Novartis, and UCB; has been an advisory board member for AbbVie and Novartis; and has received research support from AbbVie, MSD, and Novartis. AGL has been a consultant and advisor for AbbVie, Eli Lilly, MSD, Novartis, Pfizer, and UCB and has received speaker fees from AbbVie, MSD, Novartis, Pfizer, and UCB. GK has received speaker fees from Eli Lilly. MW, IJS, UW, LJ, GT, ORM, and JMM declare no conflicts of interest relevant to this article. Address correspondence to Dr. M. Wetterslev, Copenhagen Center for Arthritis Research, Center for Rheumatology and Spine Diseases, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Valdemar Hansens Vej 17, 2600 Glostrup, Denmark. . Accepted for publication March 31, 2021
| | - Inge J Sørensen
- The Biomarkers in Spondylarthritis study (BIOSPA; ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT00133315) was conducted without any financial support. The Danish Rheumatism Association supported MW with a PhD fellowship grant (R131-A5381). . Wetterslev, MD, M. Østergaard, MD, PhD, DMSc, Copenhagen Center for Arthritis Research, Center for Rheumatology and Spine Diseases, Rigshospitalet, and Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen; I.J. Sørensen, MD, PhD, G. Kollerup, MD, PhD, L. Juul, MD, PhD, G. Thamsborg, MD, DMSc, O.R. Madsen, MD, PhD, DMSc, S.J. Pedersen, MD, PhD, Copenhagen Center for Arthritis Research, Center for Rheumatology and Spine Diseases, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen; U. Weber, MD, Danish Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases, University Hospital of Southern Denmark, Soenderborg, and Department of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense; A.G. Loft, MD, PhD, Department of Rheumatology, Lillebælt Hospital, Vejle, Department of Rheumatology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus; J.M. Møller, PhD, Department of Radiology, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark. MØ has received research support, consultancy fees and/or speaker fees from AbbVie, BMS, Boehringer Ingelheim, Celgene, Eli Lilly, Hospira, Janssen, Merck, Novartis, Pfizer, Regeneron, Roche, Sandoz, Sanofi, and UCB. SJP has received speaker fees from MSD, Pfizer, AbbVie, Novartis, and UCB; has been an advisory board member for AbbVie and Novartis; and has received research support from AbbVie, MSD, and Novartis. AGL has been a consultant and advisor for AbbVie, Eli Lilly, MSD, Novartis, Pfizer, and UCB and has received speaker fees from AbbVie, MSD, Novartis, Pfizer, and UCB. GK has received speaker fees from Eli Lilly. MW, IJS, UW, LJ, GT, ORM, and JMM declare no conflicts of interest relevant to this article. Address correspondence to Dr. M. Wetterslev, Copenhagen Center for Arthritis Research, Center for Rheumatology and Spine Diseases, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Valdemar Hansens Vej 17, 2600 Glostrup, Denmark. . Accepted for publication March 31, 2021
| | - Ulrich Weber
- The Biomarkers in Spondylarthritis study (BIOSPA; ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT00133315) was conducted without any financial support. The Danish Rheumatism Association supported MW with a PhD fellowship grant (R131-A5381). . Wetterslev, MD, M. Østergaard, MD, PhD, DMSc, Copenhagen Center for Arthritis Research, Center for Rheumatology and Spine Diseases, Rigshospitalet, and Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen; I.J. Sørensen, MD, PhD, G. Kollerup, MD, PhD, L. Juul, MD, PhD, G. Thamsborg, MD, DMSc, O.R. Madsen, MD, PhD, DMSc, S.J. Pedersen, MD, PhD, Copenhagen Center for Arthritis Research, Center for Rheumatology and Spine Diseases, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen; U. Weber, MD, Danish Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases, University Hospital of Southern Denmark, Soenderborg, and Department of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense; A.G. Loft, MD, PhD, Department of Rheumatology, Lillebælt Hospital, Vejle, Department of Rheumatology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus; J.M. Møller, PhD, Department of Radiology, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark. MØ has received research support, consultancy fees and/or speaker fees from AbbVie, BMS, Boehringer Ingelheim, Celgene, Eli Lilly, Hospira, Janssen, Merck, Novartis, Pfizer, Regeneron, Roche, Sandoz, Sanofi, and UCB. SJP has received speaker fees from MSD, Pfizer, AbbVie, Novartis, and UCB; has been an advisory board member for AbbVie and Novartis; and has received research support from AbbVie, MSD, and Novartis. AGL has been a consultant and advisor for AbbVie, Eli Lilly, MSD, Novartis, Pfizer, and UCB and has received speaker fees from AbbVie, MSD, Novartis, Pfizer, and UCB. GK has received speaker fees from Eli Lilly. MW, IJS, UW, LJ, GT, ORM, and JMM declare no conflicts of interest relevant to this article. Address correspondence to Dr. M. Wetterslev, Copenhagen Center for Arthritis Research, Center for Rheumatology and Spine Diseases, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Valdemar Hansens Vej 17, 2600 Glostrup, Denmark. . Accepted for publication March 31, 2021
| | - Anne G Loft
- The Biomarkers in Spondylarthritis study (BIOSPA; ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT00133315) was conducted without any financial support. The Danish Rheumatism Association supported MW with a PhD fellowship grant (R131-A5381). . Wetterslev, MD, M. Østergaard, MD, PhD, DMSc, Copenhagen Center for Arthritis Research, Center for Rheumatology and Spine Diseases, Rigshospitalet, and Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen; I.J. Sørensen, MD, PhD, G. Kollerup, MD, PhD, L. Juul, MD, PhD, G. Thamsborg, MD, DMSc, O.R. Madsen, MD, PhD, DMSc, S.J. Pedersen, MD, PhD, Copenhagen Center for Arthritis Research, Center for Rheumatology and Spine Diseases, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen; U. Weber, MD, Danish Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases, University Hospital of Southern Denmark, Soenderborg, and Department of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense; A.G. Loft, MD, PhD, Department of Rheumatology, Lillebælt Hospital, Vejle, Department of Rheumatology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus; J.M. Møller, PhD, Department of Radiology, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark. MØ has received research support, consultancy fees and/or speaker fees from AbbVie, BMS, Boehringer Ingelheim, Celgene, Eli Lilly, Hospira, Janssen, Merck, Novartis, Pfizer, Regeneron, Roche, Sandoz, Sanofi, and UCB. SJP has received speaker fees from MSD, Pfizer, AbbVie, Novartis, and UCB; has been an advisory board member for AbbVie and Novartis; and has received research support from AbbVie, MSD, and Novartis. AGL has been a consultant and advisor for AbbVie, Eli Lilly, MSD, Novartis, Pfizer, and UCB and has received speaker fees from AbbVie, MSD, Novartis, Pfizer, and UCB. GK has received speaker fees from Eli Lilly. MW, IJS, UW, LJ, GT, ORM, and JMM declare no conflicts of interest relevant to this article. Address correspondence to Dr. M. Wetterslev, Copenhagen Center for Arthritis Research, Center for Rheumatology and Spine Diseases, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Valdemar Hansens Vej 17, 2600 Glostrup, Denmark. . Accepted for publication March 31, 2021
| | - Gina Kollerup
- The Biomarkers in Spondylarthritis study (BIOSPA; ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT00133315) was conducted without any financial support. The Danish Rheumatism Association supported MW with a PhD fellowship grant (R131-A5381). . Wetterslev, MD, M. Østergaard, MD, PhD, DMSc, Copenhagen Center for Arthritis Research, Center for Rheumatology and Spine Diseases, Rigshospitalet, and Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen; I.J. Sørensen, MD, PhD, G. Kollerup, MD, PhD, L. Juul, MD, PhD, G. Thamsborg, MD, DMSc, O.R. Madsen, MD, PhD, DMSc, S.J. Pedersen, MD, PhD, Copenhagen Center for Arthritis Research, Center for Rheumatology and Spine Diseases, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen; U. Weber, MD, Danish Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases, University Hospital of Southern Denmark, Soenderborg, and Department of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense; A.G. Loft, MD, PhD, Department of Rheumatology, Lillebælt Hospital, Vejle, Department of Rheumatology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus; J.M. Møller, PhD, Department of Radiology, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark. MØ has received research support, consultancy fees and/or speaker fees from AbbVie, BMS, Boehringer Ingelheim, Celgene, Eli Lilly, Hospira, Janssen, Merck, Novartis, Pfizer, Regeneron, Roche, Sandoz, Sanofi, and UCB. SJP has received speaker fees from MSD, Pfizer, AbbVie, Novartis, and UCB; has been an advisory board member for AbbVie and Novartis; and has received research support from AbbVie, MSD, and Novartis. AGL has been a consultant and advisor for AbbVie, Eli Lilly, MSD, Novartis, Pfizer, and UCB and has received speaker fees from AbbVie, MSD, Novartis, Pfizer, and UCB. GK has received speaker fees from Eli Lilly. MW, IJS, UW, LJ, GT, ORM, and JMM declare no conflicts of interest relevant to this article. Address correspondence to Dr. M. Wetterslev, Copenhagen Center for Arthritis Research, Center for Rheumatology and Spine Diseases, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Valdemar Hansens Vej 17, 2600 Glostrup, Denmark. . Accepted for publication March 31, 2021
| | - Lars Juul
- The Biomarkers in Spondylarthritis study (BIOSPA; ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT00133315) was conducted without any financial support. The Danish Rheumatism Association supported MW with a PhD fellowship grant (R131-A5381). . Wetterslev, MD, M. Østergaard, MD, PhD, DMSc, Copenhagen Center for Arthritis Research, Center for Rheumatology and Spine Diseases, Rigshospitalet, and Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen; I.J. Sørensen, MD, PhD, G. Kollerup, MD, PhD, L. Juul, MD, PhD, G. Thamsborg, MD, DMSc, O.R. Madsen, MD, PhD, DMSc, S.J. Pedersen, MD, PhD, Copenhagen Center for Arthritis Research, Center for Rheumatology and Spine Diseases, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen; U. Weber, MD, Danish Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases, University Hospital of Southern Denmark, Soenderborg, and Department of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense; A.G. Loft, MD, PhD, Department of Rheumatology, Lillebælt Hospital, Vejle, Department of Rheumatology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus; J.M. Møller, PhD, Department of Radiology, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark. MØ has received research support, consultancy fees and/or speaker fees from AbbVie, BMS, Boehringer Ingelheim, Celgene, Eli Lilly, Hospira, Janssen, Merck, Novartis, Pfizer, Regeneron, Roche, Sandoz, Sanofi, and UCB. SJP has received speaker fees from MSD, Pfizer, AbbVie, Novartis, and UCB; has been an advisory board member for AbbVie and Novartis; and has received research support from AbbVie, MSD, and Novartis. AGL has been a consultant and advisor for AbbVie, Eli Lilly, MSD, Novartis, Pfizer, and UCB and has received speaker fees from AbbVie, MSD, Novartis, Pfizer, and UCB. GK has received speaker fees from Eli Lilly. MW, IJS, UW, LJ, GT, ORM, and JMM declare no conflicts of interest relevant to this article. Address correspondence to Dr. M. Wetterslev, Copenhagen Center for Arthritis Research, Center for Rheumatology and Spine Diseases, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Valdemar Hansens Vej 17, 2600 Glostrup, Denmark. . Accepted for publication March 31, 2021
| | - Gorm Thamsborg
- The Biomarkers in Spondylarthritis study (BIOSPA; ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT00133315) was conducted without any financial support. The Danish Rheumatism Association supported MW with a PhD fellowship grant (R131-A5381). . Wetterslev, MD, M. Østergaard, MD, PhD, DMSc, Copenhagen Center for Arthritis Research, Center for Rheumatology and Spine Diseases, Rigshospitalet, and Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen; I.J. Sørensen, MD, PhD, G. Kollerup, MD, PhD, L. Juul, MD, PhD, G. Thamsborg, MD, DMSc, O.R. Madsen, MD, PhD, DMSc, S.J. Pedersen, MD, PhD, Copenhagen Center for Arthritis Research, Center for Rheumatology and Spine Diseases, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen; U. Weber, MD, Danish Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases, University Hospital of Southern Denmark, Soenderborg, and Department of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense; A.G. Loft, MD, PhD, Department of Rheumatology, Lillebælt Hospital, Vejle, Department of Rheumatology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus; J.M. Møller, PhD, Department of Radiology, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark. MØ has received research support, consultancy fees and/or speaker fees from AbbVie, BMS, Boehringer Ingelheim, Celgene, Eli Lilly, Hospira, Janssen, Merck, Novartis, Pfizer, Regeneron, Roche, Sandoz, Sanofi, and UCB. SJP has received speaker fees from MSD, Pfizer, AbbVie, Novartis, and UCB; has been an advisory board member for AbbVie and Novartis; and has received research support from AbbVie, MSD, and Novartis. AGL has been a consultant and advisor for AbbVie, Eli Lilly, MSD, Novartis, Pfizer, and UCB and has received speaker fees from AbbVie, MSD, Novartis, Pfizer, and UCB. GK has received speaker fees from Eli Lilly. MW, IJS, UW, LJ, GT, ORM, and JMM declare no conflicts of interest relevant to this article. Address correspondence to Dr. M. Wetterslev, Copenhagen Center for Arthritis Research, Center for Rheumatology and Spine Diseases, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Valdemar Hansens Vej 17, 2600 Glostrup, Denmark. . Accepted for publication March 31, 2021
| | - Ole R Madsen
- The Biomarkers in Spondylarthritis study (BIOSPA; ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT00133315) was conducted without any financial support. The Danish Rheumatism Association supported MW with a PhD fellowship grant (R131-A5381). . Wetterslev, MD, M. Østergaard, MD, PhD, DMSc, Copenhagen Center for Arthritis Research, Center for Rheumatology and Spine Diseases, Rigshospitalet, and Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen; I.J. Sørensen, MD, PhD, G. Kollerup, MD, PhD, L. Juul, MD, PhD, G. Thamsborg, MD, DMSc, O.R. Madsen, MD, PhD, DMSc, S.J. Pedersen, MD, PhD, Copenhagen Center for Arthritis Research, Center for Rheumatology and Spine Diseases, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen; U. Weber, MD, Danish Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases, University Hospital of Southern Denmark, Soenderborg, and Department of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense; A.G. Loft, MD, PhD, Department of Rheumatology, Lillebælt Hospital, Vejle, Department of Rheumatology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus; J.M. Møller, PhD, Department of Radiology, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark. MØ has received research support, consultancy fees and/or speaker fees from AbbVie, BMS, Boehringer Ingelheim, Celgene, Eli Lilly, Hospira, Janssen, Merck, Novartis, Pfizer, Regeneron, Roche, Sandoz, Sanofi, and UCB. SJP has received speaker fees from MSD, Pfizer, AbbVie, Novartis, and UCB; has been an advisory board member for AbbVie and Novartis; and has received research support from AbbVie, MSD, and Novartis. AGL has been a consultant and advisor for AbbVie, Eli Lilly, MSD, Novartis, Pfizer, and UCB and has received speaker fees from AbbVie, MSD, Novartis, Pfizer, and UCB. GK has received speaker fees from Eli Lilly. MW, IJS, UW, LJ, GT, ORM, and JMM declare no conflicts of interest relevant to this article. Address correspondence to Dr. M. Wetterslev, Copenhagen Center for Arthritis Research, Center for Rheumatology and Spine Diseases, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Valdemar Hansens Vej 17, 2600 Glostrup, Denmark. . Accepted for publication March 31, 2021
| | - Jakob M Møller
- The Biomarkers in Spondylarthritis study (BIOSPA; ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT00133315) was conducted without any financial support. The Danish Rheumatism Association supported MW with a PhD fellowship grant (R131-A5381). . Wetterslev, MD, M. Østergaard, MD, PhD, DMSc, Copenhagen Center for Arthritis Research, Center for Rheumatology and Spine Diseases, Rigshospitalet, and Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen; I.J. Sørensen, MD, PhD, G. Kollerup, MD, PhD, L. Juul, MD, PhD, G. Thamsborg, MD, DMSc, O.R. Madsen, MD, PhD, DMSc, S.J. Pedersen, MD, PhD, Copenhagen Center for Arthritis Research, Center for Rheumatology and Spine Diseases, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen; U. Weber, MD, Danish Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases, University Hospital of Southern Denmark, Soenderborg, and Department of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense; A.G. Loft, MD, PhD, Department of Rheumatology, Lillebælt Hospital, Vejle, Department of Rheumatology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus; J.M. Møller, PhD, Department of Radiology, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark. MØ has received research support, consultancy fees and/or speaker fees from AbbVie, BMS, Boehringer Ingelheim, Celgene, Eli Lilly, Hospira, Janssen, Merck, Novartis, Pfizer, Regeneron, Roche, Sandoz, Sanofi, and UCB. SJP has received speaker fees from MSD, Pfizer, AbbVie, Novartis, and UCB; has been an advisory board member for AbbVie and Novartis; and has received research support from AbbVie, MSD, and Novartis. AGL has been a consultant and advisor for AbbVie, Eli Lilly, MSD, Novartis, Pfizer, and UCB and has received speaker fees from AbbVie, MSD, Novartis, Pfizer, and UCB. GK has received speaker fees from Eli Lilly. MW, IJS, UW, LJ, GT, ORM, and JMM declare no conflicts of interest relevant to this article. Address correspondence to Dr. M. Wetterslev, Copenhagen Center for Arthritis Research, Center for Rheumatology and Spine Diseases, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Valdemar Hansens Vej 17, 2600 Glostrup, Denmark. . Accepted for publication March 31, 2021
| | - Susanne J Pedersen
- The Biomarkers in Spondylarthritis study (BIOSPA; ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT00133315) was conducted without any financial support. The Danish Rheumatism Association supported MW with a PhD fellowship grant (R131-A5381). . Wetterslev, MD, M. Østergaard, MD, PhD, DMSc, Copenhagen Center for Arthritis Research, Center for Rheumatology and Spine Diseases, Rigshospitalet, and Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen; I.J. Sørensen, MD, PhD, G. Kollerup, MD, PhD, L. Juul, MD, PhD, G. Thamsborg, MD, DMSc, O.R. Madsen, MD, PhD, DMSc, S.J. Pedersen, MD, PhD, Copenhagen Center for Arthritis Research, Center for Rheumatology and Spine Diseases, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen; U. Weber, MD, Danish Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases, University Hospital of Southern Denmark, Soenderborg, and Department of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense; A.G. Loft, MD, PhD, Department of Rheumatology, Lillebælt Hospital, Vejle, Department of Rheumatology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus; J.M. Møller, PhD, Department of Radiology, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark. MØ has received research support, consultancy fees and/or speaker fees from AbbVie, BMS, Boehringer Ingelheim, Celgene, Eli Lilly, Hospira, Janssen, Merck, Novartis, Pfizer, Regeneron, Roche, Sandoz, Sanofi, and UCB. SJP has received speaker fees from MSD, Pfizer, AbbVie, Novartis, and UCB; has been an advisory board member for AbbVie and Novartis; and has received research support from AbbVie, MSD, and Novartis. AGL has been a consultant and advisor for AbbVie, Eli Lilly, MSD, Novartis, Pfizer, and UCB and has received speaker fees from AbbVie, MSD, Novartis, Pfizer, and UCB. GK has received speaker fees from Eli Lilly. MW, IJS, UW, LJ, GT, ORM, and JMM declare no conflicts of interest relevant to this article. Address correspondence to Dr. M. Wetterslev, Copenhagen Center for Arthritis Research, Center for Rheumatology and Spine Diseases, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Valdemar Hansens Vej 17, 2600 Glostrup, Denmark. . Accepted for publication March 31, 2021
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Han Q, Zheng Z, Zhang K, Ding J, Baraliakos X, Zhu P. A Comprehensive Assessment of Hip Damage in Ankylosing Spondylitis, Especially Early Features. Front Immunol 2021; 12:668969. [PMID: 33841450 PMCID: PMC8024573 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.668969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is most common in adolescents and the ultimate result is disability, which places a huge burden on patients and society. Therefore, the key to improve the prognosis of AS is the early diagnosis of hip injury. To examine if AS patients whose hip pain is either absent or minimal might already have observable MRI and X-ray hip changes. Clinical and imaging hip data were systematically analyzed in 200 healthy controls (HC) and 300 AS with varying degrees of hip pain. Forty-four patients with early hip osteoarthritis (OA) served as positive imaging controls. In MRI images, BME lesions in the STIR sequence were much more frequent in AS (62%) compared to HC (2%) (p < 0.0001). Most importantly, 42% of AS with no or minimal hip pain had one or more MRI lesions. This was much more frequent compared to the 2% in HC (p < 0.05). These lesions in AS were observed singly or in combination in the trochanters (8%), femoral heads (12%), and acetabula (13%). Parallel finding that X-ray changes were present in patients with minimal or no hip pain was also observed with X-ray. Based on the normal hip width of HC, joint space narrowing was observed in 94.3% of the entire AS cohort, and importantly 56.7% of AS patients with no or mild hip pain. In these latter patients, functional activities of the hips such as walking were normal. At least 40% of AS patients with minimal or no hip pain might already show MRI and X-ray changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Han
- Department of Clinical Immunology, PLA Specialized Research Institute of Rheumatology & Immunology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhaohui Zheng
- Department of Clinical Immunology, PLA Specialized Research Institute of Rheumatology & Immunology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.,National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine, Xi'an, China
| | - Kui Zhang
- Department of Clinical Immunology, PLA Specialized Research Institute of Rheumatology & Immunology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.,National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine, Xi'an, China
| | - Jin Ding
- Department of Clinical Immunology, PLA Specialized Research Institute of Rheumatology & Immunology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.,National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine, Xi'an, China
| | | | - Ping Zhu
- Department of Clinical Immunology, PLA Specialized Research Institute of Rheumatology & Immunology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.,National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine, Xi'an, China
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Yu T, Zhang J, Zhu W, Wang X, Bai Y, Feng B, Zhuang Q, Han C, Wang S, Hu Q, An S, Wan M, Dong S, Xu J, Weng X, Cao X. Chondrogenesis mediates progression of ankylosing spondylitis through heterotopic ossification. Bone Res 2021; 9:19. [PMID: 33731675 PMCID: PMC7969928 DOI: 10.1038/s41413-021-00140-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is chronic inflammatory arthritis with a progressive fusion of axial joints. Anti-inflammatory treatments such as anti-TNF-α antibody therapy suppress inflammation but do not effectively halt the progression of spine fusion in AS patients. Here we report that the autoimmune inflammation of AS generates a microenvironment that promotes chondrogenesis in spine ligaments as the process of spine fusion. Chondrocyte differentiation was observed in the ligaments of patients with early-stage AS, and cartilage formation was followed by calcification. Moreover, a large number of giant osteoclasts were found in the inflammatory environment of ligaments and on bony surfaces of calcified cartilage. Resorption activity by these giant osteoclasts generated marrow with high levels of active TGF-β, which induced new bone formation in the ligaments. Notably, no Osterix+ osteoprogenitors were found in osteoclast resorption areas, indicating uncoupled bone resorption and formation. Even at the late and maturation stages, the uncoupled osteoclast resorption in bony interspinous ligament activates TGF-β to induce the progression of ossification in AS patients. Osteoclast resorption of calcified cartilage-initiated ossification in the progression of AS is a similar pathologic process of acquired heterotopic ossification (HO). Our finding of cartilage formation in the ligaments of AS patients revealed that the pathogenesis of spinal fusion is a process of HO and explained why anti-inflammatory treatments do not slow ankylosing once there is new bone formation in spinal soft tissues. Thus, inhibition of HO formation, such as osteoclast activity, cartilage formation, or TGF-β activity could be a potential therapy for AS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Yu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Department of Orthopedics, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Jianguo Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 100730, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Zhu
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 100730, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Yun Bai
- Department of Orthopedics, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Bin Feng
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 100730, Beijing, China
| | - Qianyu Zhuang
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 100730, Beijing, China
| | - Chang Han
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 100730, Beijing, China
| | - Shengru Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 100730, Beijing, China
| | - Qimiao Hu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Senbo An
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Mei Wan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Shiwu Dong
- Department of Orthopedics, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Jianzhong Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China.
| | - Xisheng Weng
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 100730, Beijing, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, 100730, Beijing, China.
| | - Xu Cao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
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36
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Kaaij MH, van Tok MN, Blijdorp IC, Ambarus CA, Stock M, Pots D, Knaup VL, Armaka M, Christodoulou-Vafeiadou E, van Melsen TK, Masdar H, Eskes HJPP, Yeremenko NG, Kollias G, Schett G, Tas SW, van Duivenvoorde LM, Baeten DLP. Transmembrane TNF drives osteoproliferative joint inflammation reminiscent of human spondyloarthritis. J Exp Med 2021; 217:151943. [PMID: 32662821 PMCID: PMC7537402 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20200288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
TNF plays a key role in immune-mediated inflammatory diseases including rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and spondyloarthritis (SpA). It remains incompletely understood how TNF can lead to different disease phenotypes such as destructive peripheral polysynovitis in RA versus axial and peripheral osteoproliferative inflammation in SpA. We observed a marked increase of transmembrane (tm) versus soluble (s) TNF in SpA versus RA together with a decrease in the enzymatic activity of ADAM17. In contrast with the destructive polysynovitis observed in classical TNF overexpression models, mice overexpressing tmTNF developed axial and peripheral joint disease with synovitis, enthesitis, and osteitis. Histological and radiological assessment evidenced marked endochondral new bone formation leading to joint ankylosis over time. SpA-like inflammation, but not osteoproliferation, was dependent on TNF-receptor I and mediated by stromal tmTNF overexpression. Collectively, these data indicate that TNF can drive distinct inflammatory pathologies. We propose that tmTNF is responsible for the key pathological features of SpA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merlijn H Kaaij
- Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Melissa N van Tok
- Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Iris C Blijdorp
- Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Carmen A Ambarus
- Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Michael Stock
- Medizinische Klinik 3 - Rheumatologie und Immunologie, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Désiree Pots
- Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Véronique L Knaup
- Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Marietta Armaka
- Division of Immunology, Biomedical Sciences Research Center "Alexander Fleming," Vari, Greece.,Department of Physiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Tessa K van Melsen
- Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Huriatul Masdar
- Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Harry J P P Eskes
- Department of Radiology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Nataliya G Yeremenko
- Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - George Kollias
- Division of Immunology, Biomedical Sciences Research Center "Alexander Fleming," Vari, Greece.,Department of Physiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Georg Schett
- Medizinische Klinik 3 - Rheumatologie und Immunologie, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sander W Tas
- Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Leonie M van Duivenvoorde
- Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Dominique L P Baeten
- Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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Cengiz M, Ataman Ş, Sunar İ, Yalçın AP, Yılmaz G, Elhan AH. Evaluation of the early cervical structural change in patients with non-radiographic axial spondyloarthropathy. Rheumatol Int 2021; 42:495-502. [PMID: 33675418 DOI: 10.1007/s00296-021-04807-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In this double-blind, controlled, cross-sectional study, we compared structural changes in the cervical vertebrae of patients with nonradiographic axial spondyloarthropathy (nr-axSpA), patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS), and a control group. We used the modified Stoke Ankylosing Spondylitis Spinal Score (mSASSS) to determine whether the involvement of the cervical spine occurs earlier and is more severe than that of the lumbar spine in axial spondyloarthropathy (axSpA). A statistically significant difference was found in the total mSASSS between the AS and nr-axSpA groups (p = 0.038), but not in the cervical and lumbar mSASSS. Although the duration of the symptoms was shorter in the nr-axSpA group than in the AS group, no statistically significant difference was found in the cervical mSASSS between the AS and nr-axSpA groups. In both the AS and nr-axSpA groups, the cervical mSASSS values were found to be higher than the lumbar mSASSS values for the majority of the patients (82.8 and 89.5%, respectively). This may indicate that structural changes in the cervical spine occur during an early period of axSpA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melike Cengiz
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Akdagmadeni State Hospital, Akdağmadeni, Yozgat, Turkey.
| | - Şebnem Ataman
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (Rheumatology Science), Ankara University School of Medicine, Çankaya, Ankara, Turkey
| | - İsmihan Sunar
- Department of Rheumatology, Aydın State Hospital, Aydın, Turkey
| | - Ayşe Peyman Yalçın
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (Rheumatology Science), Ankara University School of Medicine, Çankaya, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Gürkan Yılmaz
- Department of Rheumatology, Kütahya Health Sciences University Evliya Çelebi Education and Research Hospital, Kütahya, Turkey
| | - Atilla Halil Elhan
- Department of Biostatistics, Ankara University School of Medicine, Çankaya, Ankara, Turkey
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38
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Descamps E, Molto A, Borderie D, Lories R, Richard CM, Pons M, Roux C, Briot K. Changes in bone formation regulator biomarkers in early axial spondyloarthritis. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2021; 60:1185-1194. [PMID: 32888036 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/keaa296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2019] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The hallmark of advanced axial SpA (axSpA) is spine ankylosis due to excessive ectopic bone formation. This prospective study aimed to describe the changes in serum levels of different regulators [sclerostin, dickkopf-1 (DKK-1)] and markers of bone formation [bone morphogenetic protein 7 (BMP-7)] over 5 years in early axSpA patients and to assess determinants of such changes. METHODS The DEvenir des Spondyloarthropathies Indifférenciées Récentes cohort is a prospective, multicentre French study of 708 patients with early (>3 months-<3 years) inflammatory back pain suggestive of axSpA. Serum levels of BMP-7, sclerostin and DKK-1 were assessed at baseline and after 2 and 5 years. Changes in bone formation regulators over time were analysed using mixed linear models. RESULTS Serum BMP-7 significantly increased over time, with a median relative change of 223.7% [interquartile range (IQR) 0-10 700 (0.17 pg/ml/month), P < 0.001]. Serum sclerostin significantly increased over time, with a median relative change of 14.8% [IQR -7.9-41.4% (0.001 ng/ml/month), P < 0.001]. Serum DKK-1 did not significantly change over time. Serum BMP-7 increased over time in active disease (Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Score with CRP ≥1.3, P = 0.01), but the increase was less pronounced with TNF inhibitor (TNFi) use (P < 0.001). No determinant was associated with serum sclerostin change. CONCLUSION Serum BMP-7 change over 5 years was related with inflammation; it was increased in active disease, but the increase was low with TNFi use. Serum sclerostin levels significantly increased over time, but to a lesser degree than for serum BMP-7. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION https://clinicaltrials.gov/, NCT01648907.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise Descamps
- Department of Rheumatology, Cochin Hospital and Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, Sorbonne Paris Cite Research Center, Paris Descartes University, INSERM U1153, Paris, France
| | - Anna Molto
- Department of Rheumatology, Cochin Hospital and Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, Sorbonne Paris Cite Research Center, Paris Descartes University, INSERM U1153, Paris, France
| | - Didier Borderie
- Department of Biology, Cochin Hospital, Paris Descartes University, INSERM U1153, Paris, France
| | - Rik Lories
- KU Leuven and Division of Rheumatology, Skeletal Biology and Engineering Research Center, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Corinne Miceli Richard
- Department of Rheumatology, Cochin Hospital and Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, Sorbonne Paris Cite Research Center, Paris Descartes University, INSERM U1153, Paris, France
| | - Marion Pons
- Department of Rheumatology, Cochin Hospital and Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, Sorbonne Paris Cite Research Center, Paris Descartes University, INSERM U1153, Paris, France
| | - Christian Roux
- Department of Rheumatology, Cochin Hospital and Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, Sorbonne Paris Cite Research Center, Paris Descartes University, INSERM U1153, Paris, France
| | - Karine Briot
- Department of Rheumatology, Cochin Hospital and Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, Sorbonne Paris Cite Research Center, Paris Descartes University, INSERM U1153, Paris, France
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39
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Taylor PC, van der Heijde D, Landewé R, McCue S, Cheng S, Boonen A. A Phase III Randomized Study of Apremilast, an Oral Phosphodiesterase 4 Inhibitor, for Active Ankylosing Spondylitis. J Rheumatol 2021; 48:1259-1267. [PMID: 33589554 DOI: 10.3899/jrheum.201088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the efficacy and safety of apremilast, an oral phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor, in patients with active ankylosing spondylitis (AS). METHODS This phase III, multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled study (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01583374) randomized patients with active AS (1:1:1) to placebo, apremilast 20 mg twice daily, or apremilast 30 mg twice daily for 24 weeks, followed by a long-term extension phase (up to 5 yrs). The primary endpoint was Assessment of the Spondyloarthritis international Society 20 (ASAS20) response at Week 16. The effect of treatment on radiographic outcomes after 104 weeks was assessed using the modified Stoke Ankylosing Spondylitis Spine Score (mSASSS). RESULTS In total, 490 patients with active AS were randomized in the study (placebo: n = 164; apremilast 20 mg twice daily: n = 163; apremilast 30 mg twice daily: n = 163). The primary endpoint of ASAS20 response at Week 16 was not met (placebo: 37%; apremilast 20 mg twice daily: 35%; apremilast 30 mg twice daily: 33%; P = 0.44 vs placebo). At Week 104, mean (SD) changes from baseline in mSASSS were 0.83 (3.6), 0.98 (2.2), and 0.57 (1.9) in patients initially randomized to placebo, apremilast 20 mg twice daily, and apremilast 30 mg twice daily, respectively. The most frequently reported adverse events through Week 104 were diarrhea, nasopharyngitis, upper respiratory infection, and nausea. CONCLUSION No clinical benefit was observed with apremilast treatment in patients with active AS. The safety and tolerability of apremilast were consistent with its known profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter C Taylor
- P.C. Taylor, PhD, Botnar Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK;
| | - Désirée van der Heijde
- D. van der Heijde, MD, Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Robert Landewé
- R. Landewé, MD, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, and Zuyderland Medical Center, Heerlen, the Netherlands
| | - Shannon McCue
- S. McCue, PhD, S. Cheng, MD, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, California, USA
| | - Sue Cheng
- S. McCue, PhD, S. Cheng, MD, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, California, USA
| | - Annelies Boonen
- A. Boonen, PhD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, and Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
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40
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Fragoulis GE, Siebert S. Treatment strategies in axial spondyloarthritis: what, when and how? Rheumatology (Oxford) 2021; 59:iv79-iv89. [PMID: 33053192 PMCID: PMC7566463 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/keaa435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
There have been major advances in the management of axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) with the introduction of effective biologic agents targeting TNF and IL-17A. Clinicians now have more choice but, despite treatment recommendations, are still faced with significant uncertainty when deciding on the optimal treatment strategy for an individual patient in clinical practice. Management of axSpA typically requires both non-pharmacological and pharmacological interventions. NSAIDs remain the first line drug therapies for axSpA with proven efficacy for symptomatic management but uncertainty remains regarding their optimal long-term use relating to radiographic progression and safety in axSpA. To-date there are no head-to-head trials of biologics in axSpA. Clinicians need to consider other factors, including extra-articular manifestations, comorbidities, safety and radiographic progression when deciding on which biologic to recommend for an individual patient. This article will explore the evidence relating to these factors and highlight areas of unmet need.
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Affiliation(s)
- George E Fragoulis
- First Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 'Laiko' General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Stefan Siebert
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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41
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Sari I, Lee S, Tomlinson G, Johnson SR, Inman RD, Haroon N. Factors Predictive of Radiographic Progression in Ankylosing Spondylitis. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) 2021; 73:275-281. [PMID: 31675169 DOI: 10.1002/acr.24104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Using a longitudinal observational cohort of ankylosing spondylitis (AS) patients, we sought to identify progression rates and factors predictive of spinal progression. As a secondary aim, we analyzed the effect of tumor necrosis factor inhibitor (TNFi) treatment on radiographic progression. METHODS AS patients who had baseline and follow-up cervical and lumbar radiographs were included in the study. Radiographic damage was assessed by the modified Stoke Ankylosing Spondylitis Spinal Score (mSASSS). A change of 2 mSASSS units in 2 years was defined as progression. The characteristics of the study group such as demographic, clinical, laboratory, and treatment history were collected. RESULTS There were 350 patients in the study. The mean ± SD mSASSS increased from 9.3 ± 15.8 units at baseline to 17.7 ± 21.7 units by the sixth year. Mean ± SD changes in mSASSS between the years 0 to 2, 2 to 4, and 4 to 6 were 1.23 ± 2.68, 1.47 ± 2.86, and 1.52 ± 3.7 units, respectively. Overall, 24.3% of the group progressed over 2 years. Male sex (hazard ratio [HR] 2.46 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.05, 5.76]), the presence of baseline damage (HR 7.98 [95% CI 3.98, 16]), increased inflammatory markers (log C-reactive protein level HR 1.35 [95% CI 1.07, 1.70]), and TNFi use (HR 0.82 [95% CI 0.70, 0.96]) were predictive of radiographic progression. There was a 20% reduction in the rate of progression with TNFi. CONCLUSION Male sex, the presence of baseline damage, active disease state, and higher inflammatory markers confer a high risk for disease progression. Treatment with TNFi showed a disease-modifying effect by slowing the rate of radiographic progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismail Sari
- Toronto Western Hospital and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, and Dokuz Eylul University School of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Seunghun Lee
- Toronto Western Hospital and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, and Hanyang University Hospital, College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - George Tomlinson
- University Health Network/Mount Sinai Hospital and Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario
| | - Sindhu R Johnson
- Toronto Western Hospital and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Robert D Inman
- Toronto Western Hospital and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nigil Haroon
- Toronto Western Hospital and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Abstract
Axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) is an inflammatory disease of the axial skeleton associated with significant pain and disability. Previously, the diagnosis of ankylosing spondylitis required advanced changes on plain radiographs of the sacroiliac joints. Classification criteria released in 2009, however, identified a subset of patients, under the age of 45, with back pain for more than three months in the absence of radiographic sacroiliitis who were classified as axSpA based on a positive magnetic resonance imaging or HLAB27 positivity and specific clinical features. This subgroup was labeled non-radiographic (nr)-axSpA. These patients, compared with those identified by the older New York criteria, contained a larger percentage of women and demonstrated less structural damage. However, their clinical manifestations and response to biologics were similar to radiographic axSpA. The discovery of the interleukin (IL) IL-23/IL-17 pathway revealed key molecules involved in the pathophysiology of axSpA. This discovery propelled the generation of antibodies directed toward IL-17A, which are highly effective and demonstrate treatment responses in axSpA that are similar to those observed with anti-TNF agents. The finding that agents that block IL-23 were not effective in axSpA came as a surprise and the potential underlying mechanisms underlying this lack of response are discussed. New agents with dual inhibition of the IL-17A and F isoforms and some oral small molecule agents that target the Jak-STAT pathway, have also shown efficacy in axSpA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Ritchlin
- Allergy, Immunology & Rheumatology Division, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Iannis E Adamopoulos
- Rheumatology, Allergy & Clinical Immunology Division, University of California, Davis, Shriners Hospital, Sacramento, California, USA
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Autoantibodies against Protein Phosphatase Magnesium-Dependent 1A as a Biomarker for Predicting Radiographic Progression in Ankylosing Spondylitis Treated with Anti-Tumor Necrosis Factor Agents. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9123968. [PMID: 33297507 PMCID: PMC7762424 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9123968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) have increased levels of protein phosphatase magnesium-dependent 1A (PPM1A) and autoantibodies. We evaluated the usefulness of serum anti-PPM1A antibodies as a biomarker for AS. METHODS Serum samples from 58 AS patients were obtained from a multicenter registry prior to the initiation of anti-TNF agents. The serum levels of anti-PPM1A antibodies were measured using ELISA. Spinal radiographic progression was defined as an increase in the modified stoke ankylosing spondylitis spinal score (mSASSS) by ≥2 units or a newly developed syndesmophyte. The role of exogenous PPM1A on bone mineralization was evaluated using primary osteoprogenitors acquired from patients with AS and non-inflammatory controls. RESULTS The baseline levels of anti-PPM1A antibodies and mSASSS were higher in the radiographic progression group than in the non-progression group. In logistic regression analysis, baseline mSASSS and serum anti-PPM1A antibodies were associated with a higher risk of progression. The level of anti-PPM1A antibodies for predicting progression had an AUC of 0.716 (cut-off value: 43.77 ng/mL). PPM1A stimulation increased matrix mineralization in AS-osteoprogenitors but not in controls. CONCLUSION Along with mSASSS, the serum levels of anti-PPM1A antibodies might be useful as a predictor of radiographic progression after treatment with anti-TNF agents.
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Karmacharya P, Duarte-Garcia A, Murad MH, Dubreuil M, Shahukhal R, Shrestha P, Myasoedova E, Crowson CS, Wright K, Davis JM. Reply. Arthritis Rheumatol 2020; 72:2164-2165. [DOI: 10.1002/art.41443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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45
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Abstract
Juvenile spondyloarthritis is a subset of juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) with onset in late childhood and adolescence and a strong association with human leukocyte antigen (HLA) B-27 positivity and familial aggregation that has the potential for axial involvement, potentially leading to ankylosing spondylitis. Current therapy for severe disease relies heavily on tumor necrosis factor inhibitors (TNFi). Treatment paradigms in children largely consist of extrapolation from studies on adults with spondyloarthritis. Additional therapies studied in adults include non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), blockade of the interleukin-17 (IL-17) and IL-23 axes, blockade of T-cell stimulation, phosphodiesterase (PDE)-4 inhibition, and Janus-activated kinase (JAK) pathway alteration. IL-17 blockade and IL-23 blockade are guideline approved after TNFi failure (and even as an alternative to TNFi) in adults, depending on concomitant inflammatory bowel and skin disease, with JAK and PDE-4 inhibition options following biologic failure. Neither pediatric nor adult guidelines address IL-6 blockade, T-cell co-stimulation blockade, or combination biologic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- John M Bridges
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
| | - Matthew L Stoll
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
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46
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Koo BS, Oh JS, Park SY, Shin JH, Ahn GY, Lee S, Joo KB, Kim TH. Tumour necrosis factor inhibitors slow radiographic progression in patients with ankylosing spondylitis: 18-year real-world evidence. Ann Rheum Dis 2020; 79:1327-1332. [PMID: 32660979 DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2019-216741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Tumour necrosis factor inhibitors (TNFis) have been suggested to slow radiographic progression in patients with ankylosing spondylitis. However, limitations such as variations in disease activity, complex drug administration and short follow-up duration make it difficult to determine the effect of TNFis on radiographic progression. The aim of the study was to investigate whether long-term treatment with TNFis can reduce radiographic progression in patients with ankylosing spondylitis using 18-year longitudinal real-world data. METHODS This retrospective study was conducted between January 2001 and December 2018 at a single centre. Among the 1280 patients whose electronic medical records were reviewed, data of 595 patients exposed to TNFis at least once were included. Among them, time intervals of TNFi exposure or non-exposure were determined in 338 patients ('on the TNFis' or 'off the TNFis' intervals, respectively). The difference in the modified Stoke Ankylosing Spondylitis Spinal Score (mSASSS) change rate between 'on the TNFis' and 'off the TNFis' intervals was investigated. RESULTS We obtained 2364 intervals of 338 patients (1281 'on the TNFis' and 1083 'off the TNFis' intervals). In the marginal structural model for inverse probability of treatment weighting, the change rate of mSASSS significantly decreased with the use of TNFis (β=-0.112, p=0.004), and the adjusted mSASSS changes were 0.848 and 0.960 per year during 'on the TNFis' and 'off the TNFis' intervals, respectively. CONCLUSION Compared with treatment without TNFis, treatment with TNFis slowed radiologic progression significantly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bon San Koo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Inje University Seoul Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Seon Oh
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seo Young Park
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hui Shin
- Department of Rheumatology, Hanyang University Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ga Young Ahn
- Department of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seunghun Lee
- Department of Radiology, Hanyang University Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Bin Joo
- Department of Radiology, Hanyang University Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Hwan Kim
- Department of Rheumatology, Hanyang University Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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47
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Liu CH, Raj S, Chen CH, Hung KH, Chou CT, Chen IH, Chien JT, Lin IY, Yang SY, Angata T, Tsai WC, Wei JCC, Tzeng IS, Hung SC, Lin KI. HLA-B27-mediated activation of TNAP phosphatase promotes pathogenic syndesmophyte formation in ankylosing spondylitis. J Clin Invest 2020; 129:5357-5373. [PMID: 31682238 DOI: 10.1172/jci125212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a type of axial inflammation. Over time, some patients develop spinal ankylosis and permanent disability; however, current treatment strategies cannot arrest syndesmophyte formation completely. Here, we used mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from AS patients (AS MSCs) within the enthesis involved in spinal ankylosis to delineate that the HLA-B27-mediated spliced X-box-binding protein 1 (sXBP1)/retinoic acid receptor-β (RARB)/tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase (TNAP) axis accelerated the mineralization of AS MSCs, which was independent of Runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2). An animal model mimicking AS pathological bony appositions was established by implantation of AS MSCs into the lumbar spine of NOD-SCID mice. We found that TNAP inhibitors, including levamisole and pamidronate, inhibited AS MSC mineralization in vitro and blocked bony appositions in vivo. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the serum bone-specific TNAP (BAP) level was a potential prognostic biomarker to predict AS patients with a high risk for radiographic progression. Our study highlights the importance of the HLA-B27-mediated activation of the sXBP1/RARB/TNAP axis in AS syndesmophyte pathogenesis and provides a new strategy for the diagnosis and prevention of radiographic progression of AS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin-Hsiu Liu
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan.,PhD Program in Translational Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.,Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sengupta Raj
- Royal National Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases, Upper Borough Walls, Bath, United Kingdom
| | - Chun-Hsiung Chen
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Hsuan Hung
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Tei Chou
- National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ing-Ho Chen
- School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan.,Department of Orthopedics, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Jui-Teng Chien
- School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan.,Department of Orthopedics, Chiayi Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Chiayi County, Taiwan
| | - I-Ying Lin
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shii-Yi Yang
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Takashi Angata
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chan Tsai
- Division of Rheumatology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - James Cheng-Chung Wei
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University and Department of Internal Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - I-Shiang Tzeng
- Department of Research, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Chieh Hung
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.,Integrative Stem Cell Center, Department of Orthopedics, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,Institute of New Drug Development, New Drug Development Center, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-I Lin
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
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Ajrawat P, Touma Z, Sari I, Taheri C, Diaz Martinez JP, Haroon N. Effect of TNF-inhibitor therapy on spinal structural progression in ankylosing spondylitis patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Rheum Dis 2020; 23:728-743. [PMID: 32419337 DOI: 10.1111/1756-185x.13829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 02/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
To review the effect of tumor necrosis factor-alpha inhibitor (TNFi) therapies on radiographic progression in ankylosing spondylitis (AS) patients as evaluated by the modified Stoke Ankylosing Spondylitis Spine Score (mSASSS). Pubmed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library databases were searched from inception to August 2019. All comparative and non-comparative studies that evaluated the clinical effectiveness of TNFi on radiographic progression as assessed by mSASSS change at a minimum follow-up of 1 year were included. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale and Cochrane Collaboration Risk of Bias Tool were utilized to assess the methodological quality. Pooled analysis was performed for continuous and binomial variables where appropriate. Inter-rater reliability of mSASSS status and change scores were assessed with intra-class coefficients (ICC). Twenty-one studies were identified with a total of 4460 patients (mean age: 40.4 years [range 25.3-50 years]; 76% male; mean baseline mSASSS: 12.7 units [range 5.5-19.8 units]). All studies (3 randomized and 18 observational studies) were considered to have moderate-to-high methodological quality. The inter-rater reliability of mSASSS status and change scores from 14 of the 21 studies were excellent (ICC ranges, 0.91-0.99) and moderate-to-excellent (ICC ranges, 0.58-0.90), respectively. From the 21 studies, 11/21 (50%) demonstrated a delayed effect in mSASSS in AS patient administered TNFi. When stratifying these studies into those with ≤4 years of follow-up and >4 years follow-up, 3/11 (27%) and 8/10 (80%) studies respectively indicated a delayed effect of mSASSS with TNFi in AS patients. Pooling for meta-analysis from 3 studies (1159 patients) with study durations ranging 4-8 years, indicated that TNFi-treated patients had reduced odds of structural progression (odds ratio 0.81; 95% CI 0.68-0.96; P = .01; I2 = 0%). Mean rate of mSASSS change from 16 studies ranged from -0.15 to 7.3 mSASSS units for all AS patients. Meta-analysis indicated a numerical, but statistically non-significant, reduction in the rate of mSASSS change with TNFi treatment (7 studies [1438 patients]; mean difference, -0.24; 95% CI, -0.49-0.01; P = .06; I2 = 0%). This systematic review and meta-analysis indicated that >4 years of TNFi usage was associated with delayed structural progression by mSASSS. The narrative analysis of the data from 21 studies further confirmed that studies with >4 years of follow-up had delayed structural progression with TNFi use in AS patients. The systematic review also confirmed that mSASSS has good-to-excellent inter-rater reliability in AS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prabjit Ajrawat
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Zahi Touma
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Krembil Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ismail Sari
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Rheumatology, Dokuz Eylul University School of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Cameron Taheri
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Juan Pablo Diaz Martinez
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Nigil Haroon
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Krembil Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Karmacharya P, Duarte-Garcia A, Dubreuil M, Murad MH, Shahukhal R, Shrestha P, Myasoedova E, Crowson CS, Wright K, Davis JM. Effect of Therapy on Radiographic Progression in Axial Spondyloarthritis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Arthritis Rheumatol 2020; 72:733-749. [PMID: 31960614 PMCID: PMC7218689 DOI: 10.1002/art.41206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of therapies on radiographic progression in patients with axial spondyloarthritis (SpA). METHODS A comprehensive database search for studies assessing radiographic progression in axial SpA (particular treatment versus no treatment of interest) was performed. Study-specific standardized mean differences in treatment outcomes at 2 and ≥4 years were estimated and combined using random-effects models. RESULTS Twenty-four studies in patients with axial SpA were identified, of which 18 involved tumor necrosis factor inhibitors (TNFi), 8 involved nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and 1 involved secukinumab. Spinal radiographic progression, as measured by the modified Stoke Ankylosing Spondylitis Spine Score (mSASSS), was not significantly different between TNFi-treated and biologics-naive patients at 2 years (mSASSS difference -0.73 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) -1.52, 0.12], I2 = 28%) and ≥4 years (mSASSS difference -2.03 [95% CI -4.63, 0.72], I2 = 63%). Sensitivity analyses restricted to studies with a low risk of bias showed a significant difference in spinal radiographic progression between TNFi-treated and biologics-naive patients at ≥4 years (mSASSS difference -2.17 [95% CI -4.19, -0.15]). No significant difference in spinal radiographic progression was observed between NSAID-treated and control patients (mSASSS difference -0.30 [95% CI -2.62, 1.31], I2 = 71%) or between secukinumab-treated and biologics-naive patients (mSASSS difference -0.34 [95% CI -0.85, 0.17]). With regard to treatment differences in patients with nonradiographic axial SpA or in patients with radiographic progression measured using the sacroiliac joint score, an insufficient number of studies were available for analysis. CONCLUSION Although no significant protective effect of TNFi treatment on spinal radiographic progression was seen over the course of 2 years or ≥4 years in patients with axial SpA, our analysis restricted to studies with a low risk of bias showed a protective effect of TNFi after ≥4 years. Therefore, long-term TNFi exposure might confer beneficial effects on spinal radiographic progression in axial SpA. No difference in radiographic progression at 2 years was seen in either the NSAID or secukinumab treatment groups compared to their controls. Future studies should explore the effects of biologic treatment on radiographic progression, as well as the effects of long-term biologics exposure, in patients with early axial SpA or those with nonradiographic axial SpA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paras Karmacharya
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic. Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Ali Duarte-Garcia
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic. Rochester, MN, USA
- Robert D. and Patricia E. Kern Center for the Science of Health Care Delivery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN. USA
| | | | - M. Hassan Murad
- Evidence-based Practice Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Pragya Shrestha
- Asthma Epidemiology Research Unit, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Elena Myasoedova
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic. Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Cynthia S. Crowson
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic. Rochester, MN, USA
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Kerry Wright
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic. Rochester, MN, USA
| | - John M. Davis
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic. Rochester, MN, USA
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50
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Prediction of Response to Tumor Necrosis Value-α Blocker Is Suggested by 18F-NaF SUV max But Not by Quantitative Pharmacokinetic Analysis in Patients With Ankylosing Spondylitis. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2020; 214:1352-1358. [PMID: 32286869 DOI: 10.2214/ajr.19.22352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE. We aimed to evaluate the pharmacokinetics and maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) of 18F-NaF PET/CT for assessment of disease activity and prediction of response in patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS). MATERIALS AND METHODS. Twenty-seven patients (age, interquartile range, 30.25-49.75 years) with AS who were receiving a tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) blocker were included. All patients underwent dynamic PET of the pelvis followed by whole-body PET/CT. Quantitative analysis of kinetic data of the sacroiliac joints (SIJs) was performed, and the SUVmax of the SIJs and SUVmax of the spine were calculated. Clinical indexes related to AS disease activity (serum C-reactive protein level, Bath ankylosing spondylitis disease activity index [ BASDAI], and Bath ankylosing spondylitis functional index) were evaluated. Clinical response was defined as an improvement from the initial BASDAI score of 50% or more (BASDAI 50) within 2 years after baseline 18F-NaF PET/CT. RESULTS. The BASDAI score at 18F-NaF PET/CT was significantly different between the responders and nonresponders: 18F-NaF uptake at the spine was significantly higher in the responders than in the nonresponders. Only SUVmax of the spine had a significant positive correlation with BASDAI score at PET/CT (r = 0.38, p = 0.048). The BASDAI score at PET/CT (odds ratio [OR], 35.32; 95% CI, 2.09-57.84; p = 0.014) and SUVmax of the spine (OR, 14.69; 95% CI, 0.79-27.27; p = 0.027) were significantly associated with BASDAI 50 response prediction. CONCLUSION. The results of our study suggest that the SUVmax of the spine on whole-body 18F-NaF PET/CT is a reliable and noninvasive biomarker for predicting therapeutic response to TNF-α blocker and shows better performance for predicting response than quantitative pharmacokinetic parameters. Fluorine-18-labeled NaF PET/CT showed axial bone lesions with bone formation and can be used as a monitoring tool in patients with AS receiving anti-TNF-α drugs. However, these results need to be validated in a larger cohort.
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