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Nosrati M, Housaindokht MR. New insights into the effect of mutations on affibody-Fc interaction, a molecular dynamics simulation approach. J Struct Biol 2023; 215:107925. [PMID: 36470559 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2022.107925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Staphylococcal protein A (SpA) domain B (the basis of affibody) has been widely used in affinity chromatography and found therapeutic applications against inflammatory diseases through targeting the Fc part of immunoglobulin G (IgG). We have performed extensive molecular dynamics simulation of 41 SpA mutants and compared their dynamics and conformations to wild type. The simulations revealed the molecular details of structural and dynamics changes that occurred due to introducing point mutations and helped to explain the SPR results. It was observed in some variants a point mutation caused extensive structural changes far from the mutation site, while an effect of some other mutations was limited to the site of the mutated residue. Also, the pattern of hydrogen bond networks and hydrophobic core arrangements were investigated. We figured out mutations that occurred at positions 128, 136, 150 and 153, affected two hydrophobic cores at the interface as well as mutations introduced at positions 129 and 154 interrupted two hydrogen bond networks of the interface, SPR data showed all of these mutations reduced binding affinity significantly. Overall, by scanning the SpA-Fc interface through the large numbers of introduced mutations, the new insights have been gained which would help to design high- affinity ligands of IgG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoumeh Nosrati
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, BMC, Uppsala, Sweden.
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2
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Thümmler K, Williams MTS, Kitson S, Sood S, Akbar M, Cole JJ, Hunter E, Soutar R, Goodyear CS. Targeting 3D chromosomal architecture at the RANK loci to suppress myeloma-driven osteoclastogenesis. Oncoimmunology 2022; 11:2104070. [PMID: 35936985 PMCID: PMC9348127 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2022.2104070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Katja Thümmler
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Mark TS Williams
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Susan Kitson
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Shatakshi Sood
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Moeed Akbar
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - John J Cole
- GLAZgo Discovery Centre, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | | | - Richard Soutar
- Beatson West of Scotland Cancer Centre, Gartnavel Hospital, Glasgow, UK
| | - Carl S Goodyear
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- GLAZgo Discovery Centre, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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3
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Kovács OT, Tóth E, Ozohanics O, Soltész-Katona E, Marton N, Buzás EI, Hunyady L, Drahos L, Turu G, Nagy G. Proteomic Changes of Osteoclast Differentiation in Rheumatoid and Psoriatic Arthritis Reveal Functional Differences. Front Immunol 2022; 13:892970. [PMID: 35860269 PMCID: PMC9289121 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.892970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundOsteoclasts play a crucial role in the maintenance, repair, and remodeling of bones of the adult vertebral skeleton due to their bone resorption capability. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and psoriatic arthritis (PsA) are associated with increased activity of osteoclasts.ObjectivesOur study aimed to investigate the dynamic proteomic changes during osteoclast differentiation in healthy donors, in RA, and PsA.MethodsBlood samples of healthy donors, RA, and PsA patients were collected, and monocytes were isolated and differentiated into osteoclasts in vitro using macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) and receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand (RANK-L). Mass spectrometry-based proteomics was used to analyze proteins from cell lysates. The expression changes were analyzed with Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA).ResultsThe analysis of the proteomic changes revealed that during the differentiation of the human osteoclasts, expression of the proteins involved in metabolic activity, secretory function, and cell polarity is increased; by contrast, signaling pathways involved in the immune functions are downregulated. Interestingly, the differences between cells of healthy donors and RA/PsA patients are most pronounced after the final steps of differentiation to osteoclasts. In addition, both in RA and PsA the differentiation is characterized by decreased metabolic activity, associated with various immune pathway activities; furthermore by accelerated cytokine production in RA.ConclusionsOur results shed light on the characteristic proteomic changes during human osteoclast differentiation and expression differences in RA and PsA, which reveal important pathophysiological insights in both diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orsolya Tünde Kovács
- Department of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Physiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Eszter Tóth
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Olivér Ozohanics
- Department of Biochemistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Eszter Soltész-Katona
- Department of Physiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Eötvös Loránd Research Network and Semmelweis University (ELKH-SE) Laboratory of Molecular Physiology, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Nikolett Marton
- Department of Radiology, Medical Imaging Centre, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Edit Irén Buzás
- Department of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Eötvös Loránd Research Network and Semmelweis University (ELKH-SE) Immune-Proteogenomics Research Group, Budapest, Hungary
- Hungarian Centre of Excellence for Molecular Medicine - Semmelweis University (HCEMM-SU) Extracellular Vesicles Research Group, Budapest, Hungary
| | - László Hunyady
- Department of Physiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Eötvös Loránd Research Network and Semmelweis University (ELKH-SE) Laboratory of Molecular Physiology, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Budapest, Hungary
- Institute of Enzymology, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - László Drahos
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gábor Turu
- Department of Physiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Eötvös Loránd Research Network and Semmelweis University (ELKH-SE) Laboratory of Molecular Physiology, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Budapest, Hungary
- *Correspondence: Gábor Turu,
| | - György Nagy
- Department of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine and Oncology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Heart and Vascular Centre, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
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4
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IgA rheumatoid factor is associated with bone mineral density preservation in rheumatoid arthritis. Clin Rheumatol 2021; 40:4879-4887. [PMID: 34282512 DOI: 10.1007/s10067-021-05814-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Autoantibodies such as IgM rheumatoid factor (RF) and anti-citrullinated proteins/peptides antibodies (ACPA) have previously been incriminated in systemic bone loss in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). There are, however, no data describing association of IgA RF and IgG RF with systemic bone loss. OBJECTIVE This study was aimed to investigate the association of RF isotypes with systemic bone loss among patients with RA. METHODS RF isotypes and ACPA were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay among 153 patients with RA. Bone mineral density (BMD) was assessed using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. RESULTS Ninety-four (61.4%) patients had positive IgA RF, 89 (58.2%) had positive IgG RF, 109 (71.2%) had positive IgM RF, whereas 122 (80.3%) RA patients tested positive for ACPA. Compared to the IgA RF-negative patients, IgA RF-positive patients exhibited higher disease activity and had higher RF titers. Seven (4.6%) patients had low BMD at femoral neck, 12 (7.8%) at total femur, and 47 (30.7%) at lumbar spine. IgA RF was found to be associated with protection against low BMD at spine (OR = 0.47, 95% CI = 0.23-0.95, p = 0.034). This association was further confirmed in the multivariate regression analysis taking into account several potential confounding factors (OR = 0.21, 95% CI = 0.06-0.65, p = 0.039). No association between low BMD and the presence of IgG RF or IgM RF or ACPA was found. CONCLUSION IgA RF for the first time ever was shown to be associated with BMD preservation at spine in RA. Key points • IgA RF was associated with protection against low spinal BMD. • No association between low BMD and the presence of IgG RF or IgM RF was found.
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Zuo Y, Deng GM. Fc Gamma Receptors as Regulators of Bone Destruction in Inflammatory Arthritis. Front Immunol 2021; 12:688201. [PMID: 34248975 PMCID: PMC8262610 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.688201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone erosion is one of the primary features of inflammatory arthritis and is caused by excessive differentiation and activation of osteoclasts. Fc gamma receptors (FcγRs) have been implicated in osteoclastogenesis. Our recent studies demonstrate that joint-deposited lupus IgG inhibited RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis. FcγRI is required for RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis and lupus IgG-induced signaling transduction. We reviewed the results of studies that analyzed the association between FcγRs and bone erosion in inflammatory arthritis. The analysis revealed the dual roles of FcγRs in bone destruction in inflammatory arthritis. Thus, IgG/FcγR signaling molecules may serve as potential therapeutic targets against bone erosion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyue Zuo
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Guo-Min Deng
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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6
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Ansalone C, Cole J, Chilaka S, Sunzini F, Sood S, Robertson J, Siebert S, McInnes IB, Goodyear CS. TNF is a homoeostatic regulator of distinct epigenetically primed human osteoclast precursors. Ann Rheum Dis 2021; 80:748-757. [PMID: 33692019 PMCID: PMC8142443 DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-219262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Circulating myeloid precursors are responsible for post-natal osteoclast (OC) differentiation and skeletal health, although the exact human precursors have not been defined. Enhanced osteoclastogenesis contributes to joint destruction in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and tumour necrosis factor (TNF) is a well-known pro-osteoclastogenic factor. Herein, we investigated the interplay between receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-Β ligand (RANK-L), indispensable for fusion of myeloid precursors and the normal development of OCs, and TNF in directing the differentiation of diverse pre-OC populations derived from human peripheral blood. METHODS Flow cytometric cell sorting and analysis was used to assess the potential of myeloid populations to differentiate into OCs. Transcriptomic, epigenetic analysis, receptor expression and inhibitor experiments were used to unravel RANK-L and TNF signalling hierarchy. RESULTS TNF can act as a critical homoeostatic regulator of CD14+ monocyte (MO) differentiation into OCs by inhibiting osteoclastogenesis to favour macrophage development. In contrast, a distinct previously unidentified CD14-CD16-CD11c+ myeloid pre-OC population was exempt from this negative regulation. In healthy CD14+ MOs, TNF drove epigenetic modification of the RANK promoter via a TNFR1-IKKβ-dependent pathway and halted osteoclastogenesis. In a subset of patients with RA, CD14+ MOs exhibited an altered epigenetic state that resulted in dysregulated TNF-mediated OC homoeostasis. CONCLUSIONS These findings fundamentally re-define the relationship between RANK-L and TNF. Moreover, they have identified a novel pool of human circulating non-MO OC precursors that unlike MOs are epigenetically preconditioned to ignore TNF-mediated signalling. In RA, this epigenetic preconditioning occurs in the MO compartment providing a pathological consequence of failure of this pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Ansalone
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - John Cole
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Sabarinadh Chilaka
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Flavia Sunzini
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Shatakshi Sood
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Jamie Robertson
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Stefan Siebert
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Iain B McInnes
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Carl S Goodyear
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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Kamohara A, Hirata H, Xu X, Shiraki M, Yamada S, Zhang JQ, Kukita T, Toyonaga K, Hara H, Urano Y, Yamashita Y, Miyamoto H, Kukita A. IgG immune complexes with Staphylococcus aureus protein A enhance osteoclast differentiation and bone resorption by stimulating Fc receptors and TLR2. Int Immunol 2020; 32:89-104. [PMID: 31713625 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxz063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is a main pathogen of osteomyelitis and protein A is a virulence factor with high affinity for IgG. In this study, we investigated whether S. aureus affects the differentiation and bone resorption of osteoclasts through the IgG-binding capacity of protein A. Staphylococcus aureus pre-treated with serum or IgG showed marked enhancement in osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption compared to non-treated S. aureus or a protein A-deficient mutant. Blocking of the Fc receptor and deletion of the Fcγ receptor gene in osteoclast precursor cells showed that enhanced osteoclastogenesis stimulated by S. aureus IgG immune complexes (ICs) was mediated by the Fc receptor on osteoclast precursor cells. In addition, osteoclastogenesis stimulated by S. aureus ICs but not the protein A-deficient mutant was markedly reduced in osteoclast precursor cells of Myd88-knockout mice. Moreover, NFATc1, Syk and NF-κB signals were necessary for osteoclastogenesis stimulated by S. aureus ICs. The results suggest the contribution of a of Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2)-Myd88 signal to the activity of S. aureus ICs. We further examined the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines that is known to be enhanced by FcγR-TLR cross-talk. Osteoclasts induced by S. aureus ICs showed higher expression of TNF-α and IL-1β, and marked stimulation of proton secretion of osteoclasts activated by pro-inflammatory cytokines. Finally, injection of S. aureus, but not the protein A-deficient mutant, exacerbated bone loss in implantation and intra-peritoneal administration mouse models. Our results provide a novel mechanistic aspect of bone loss induced by S. aureus in which ICs and both Fc receptors and TLR pathways are involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asana Kamohara
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Saga, Japan.,Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Saga, Japan
| | - Hirohito Hirata
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Saga, Japan.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Xianghe Xu
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Saga, Japan.,Department of Molecular Cell Biology & Oral Anatomy, Faculty of Dentistry, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Makoto Shiraki
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Saga, Japan.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Sakuo Yamada
- Department of Medical Technology, Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Health Science & Technology, Kawasaki University of Medical Welfare, Kurashiki, Okayama, Japan
| | - Jing-Qi Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Toshio Kukita
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology & Oral Anatomy, Faculty of Dentistry, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kenji Toyonaga
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Hiromitsu Hara
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Yasuteru Urano
- Department of Chemical Biology & Molecular Imaging, Graduate School of Medicine , Hongo, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Chemistry & Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | - Akiko Kukita
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Saga, Japan
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8
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Qiao W, Ding H, Zuo Y, Jiang L, Zhou J, Han X, Yu L, Du R, M Hedrich C, Deng GM. Lupus IgG deposition causes arthritis but inhibits bone destruction through competitive occupation of FcγRI and reduced RANKL signalling. Clin Transl Immunology 2020; 9:e1174. [PMID: 32994999 PMCID: PMC7507387 DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Bone destruction is a remarkable feature of inflammatory arthritis. It remains unknown why arthritis associated with the systemic autoimmune/inflammatory condition systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) does not result in erosion and destruction. We aimed to determine the role of autoantibody in the pathogenesis of non-erosive arthritis in SLE. Methods We analysed medical record of SLE patients, investigated whether autoantibody induces arthritis lacking bone destruction in animal models and determined whether SLE autoantibody inhibits osteoclastogenesis induced by RANKL in vitro experiments. Results We found that arthritis lacking bone erosions is common in SLE patients and lupus-prone mice. Intraarticular injection of lupus serum or IgG induces immune complex deposition and arthritis, but does not result in bone destruction. Deposition of IgG, monocytes/macrophages and TNF-α is all required for the development of arthritis. Lupus serum or IgG inhibits RANKL-induced differentiation of monocytes into osteoclast in a dose-dependent manner. FcγR acts as co-receptors for RANKL and is involved in osteoclastogenesis. Deficiency of FcγRII or FcγRIII does not affect osteoclastogenesis in the presence of SLE IgG. However, lupus IgG competes for FcγRI binding with RANKL, thereby reducing osteoclastogenesis. Conclusion Observations from this study demonstrate that IgG from SLE patients can induce arthritis and inhibits RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis through competitive occupation of FcγRI on monocytes/macrophages. This study improves the understanding of the pathophysiology of SLE-associated arthritis and offers a protective mechanism (FcγRI inhibition) that may be targeted in other forms of autoimmune/inflammatory arthritis, such as RA, to prevent or limit bone erosion and inflammatory bone loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Qiao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory The fourth affiliated hospital of Nanjing Medical University Nanjing China
| | - Huimin Ding
- Department of Orthopedics BenQ Medical Center The affiliated BenQ Hospital of Nanjing Medical University Nanjing China
| | - Yuyue Zuo
- Department of Rheumatology Union Hospital Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China
| | - Lijuan Jiang
- Department of Rheumatology Union Hospital Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China
| | - Jiayuan Zhou
- Department of Rheumatology Union Hospital Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China
| | - Xiaoxiao Han
- Department of Rheumatology Union Hospital Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China
| | - Likai Yu
- Department of Rheumatology Union Hospital Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China
| | - Rong Du
- Department of Rheumatology Union Hospital Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China
| | - Christian M Hedrich
- Department of Women's & Children's Health, Institute of Translational Medicine University of Liverpool Liverpool UK
| | - Guo-Min Deng
- Department of Rheumatology Union Hospital Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China
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9
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Di Ceglie I, Kruisbergen NNL, van den Bosch MHJ, van Lent PLEM. Fc-gamma receptors and S100A8/A9 cause bone erosion during rheumatoid arthritis. Do they act as partners in crime? Rheumatology (Oxford) 2020; 58:1331-1343. [PMID: 31180451 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/kez218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2018] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone erosion is one of the central hallmarks of RA and is caused by excessive differentiation and activation of osteoclasts. Presence of autoantibodies in seropositive arthritis is associated with radiographic disease progression. ICs, formed by autoantibodies and their antigens, activate Fcγ-receptor signalling in immune cells, and as such stimulate inflammation-mediated bone erosion. Interestingly, ICs can also directly activate osteoclasts by binding to FcγRs on their surface. Next to autoantibodies, high levels of alarmins, among which is S100A8/A9, are typical for RA and they can further activate the immune system but also directly promote osteoclast function. Therefore, IC-activated FcγRs and S100A8/A9 might act as partners in crime to stimulate inflammation and osteoclasts differentiation and function, thereby stimulating bone erosion. This review discusses the separate roles of ICs, FcγRs and alarmins in bone erosion and sheds new light on the possible interplay between them, which could fuel bone erosion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Di Ceglie
- Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Nik N L Kruisbergen
- Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Peter L E M van Lent
- Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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10
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Pandruvada SN, Ebersole JL, Huja SS. Inhibition of osteoclastogenesis by opsonized Porphyromonas gingivalis. FASEB Bioadv 2018; 1:213-226. [PMID: 31355360 PMCID: PMC6660169 DOI: 10.1096/fba.2018-00018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
A crucial step in the pathogenesis of periodontal disease (PD) is activation of osteoclasts (OC) by numerous virulence factors produced by Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg). To understand pathogenesis of PD and the role of specific adaptive immune responses, effects of antibodies on Pg‐induced OC differentiation and function were investigated. Human peripheral blood‐derived monocytes were differentiated to OC in the presence or absence of: (a) Pg; (b) antibodies to Pg; and (c) antibody‐opsonized Pg. Findings suggest significant induction of osteoclastogenesis by Pg when compared to control cultures, whereas opsonization decreased osteoclastogenesis by 45%. Immune receptor gene expression profile in the presence of opsonized Pg showed marked upregulation of TLR1 (three‐fold) and TLR2 (twofold) along with FcγRIIB (two‐fold) and FcγRIII receptors (five‐fold), but not TLR4 and FcRγ receptors. Interestingly, blocking FcγRIIB, but not FcγRIII receptor, reversed the inhibitory effects of opsonized Pg suggesting a critical role played by FcγRIIB in osteoclastogenesis. Furthermore, opsonized Pg transformed OC precursors to a “macrophage phenotype” suggesting a bone protective role of the immune complexes in modulating osteoclastogenesis, probably by competing as an agonist for pattern recognition receptors, and inducing selective activation of FcγRs with simultaneous suppression of FcRγ which regulates bone resorptive process. Further defining effective antibody isotypes, avidity, and antigenic specificity could improve targets for eliciting protective immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subramanya N Pandruvada
- Division of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.,Center for Oral Health Research, College of Dentistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.,Current address: College of Dental Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Jeffrey L Ebersole
- Center for Oral Health Research, College of Dentistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.,Current address: School of Dental Medicine, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, USA
| | - Sarandeep S Huja
- Division of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.,Center for Oral Health Research, College of Dentistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.,Current address: College of Dental Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
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11
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Marton N, Kovács OT, Baricza E, Kittel Á, Győri D, Mócsai A, Meier FMP, Goodyear CS, McInnes IB, Buzás EI, Nagy G. Extracellular vesicles regulate the human osteoclastogenesis: divergent roles in discrete inflammatory arthropathies. Cell Mol Life Sci 2017; 74:3599-3611. [PMID: 28493076 PMCID: PMC11107760 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-017-2535-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2016] [Revised: 03/26/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are subcellular signalosomes. Although characteristic EV production is associated with numerous physiological and pathological conditions, the effect of blood-derived EVs on bone homeostasis is unknown. Herein we evaluated the role of circulating EVs on human osteoclastogenesis. METHODS Blood samples from healthy volunteers, rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and psoriatic arthritis (PsA) patients were collected. Size-based EV sub-fractions were isolated by gravity-driven filtration and differential centrifugation. To investigate the properties of EV samples, resistive pulse sensing technique, transmission electron microscopy, flow cytometry and western blot were performed. CD14+ monocytes were separated from PBMCs, and stimulated with recombinant human M-CSF, RANKL and blood-derived EV sub-fractions. After 7 days, the cells were fixed and stained for tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase and counted. RESULTS EVs isolated by size-based sub-fractions were characterized as either microvesicles or exosomes (EXO). Healthy (n = 11) and RA-derived (n = 12) EXOs profoundly inhibited osteoclast differentiation (70%, p < 0.01; 65%, p < 0.01, respectively). In contrast, PsA-derived (n = 10) EXOs had a stimulatory effect (75%, p < 0.05). In cross-treatment experiments where EXOs and CD14+ cells were interchanged between the three groups, only healthy (n = 5) and RA (n = 5)-derived EXOs inhibited (p < 0.01, respectively) the generation of osteoclasts in all groups, whereas PsA (n = 7)-derived EXOs were unable to mediate this effect. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that blood-derived EXOs are novel regulators of the human osteoclastogenesis and may offer discrete effector function in distinct inflammatory arthropathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolett Marton
- Department of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad tér 4, 1089, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Orsolya Tünde Kovács
- Department of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad tér 4, 1089, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Eszter Baricza
- Department of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad tér 4, 1089, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ágnes Kittel
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Dávid Győri
- Department of Physiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- MTA-SE "Lendület" Inflammation Physiology Research Group of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences and the Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Attila Mócsai
- Department of Physiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- MTA-SE "Lendület" Inflammation Physiology Research Group of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences and the Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Florian M P Meier
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Carl S Goodyear
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Iain B McInnes
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Edit I Buzás
- Department of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad tér 4, 1089, Budapest, Hungary
| | - György Nagy
- Department of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad tér 4, 1089, Budapest, Hungary.
- Department of Rheumatology, 3rd Department of Internal Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
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12
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Nosrati M, Solbak S, Nordesjö O, Nissbeck M, Dourado DFAR, Andersson KG, Housaindokht MR, Löfblom J, Virtanen A, Danielson UH, Flores SC. Insights from engineering the Affibody-Fc interaction with a computational-experimental method. Protein Eng Des Sel 2017; 30:593-601. [DOI: 10.1093/protein/gzx023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
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13
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Humphrey MB, Nakamura MC. A Comprehensive Review of Immunoreceptor Regulation of Osteoclasts. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2017; 51:48-58. [PMID: 26573914 DOI: 10.1007/s12016-015-8521-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Osteoclasts require coordinated co-stimulation by several signaling pathways to initiate and regulate their cellular differentiation. Receptor activator for NF-κB ligand (RANKL or TNFSF11), a tumor necrosis factor (TNF) superfamily member, is the master cytokine required for osteoclastogenesis with essential co-stimulatory signals mediated by immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif (ITAM)-signaling adaptors, DNAX-associated protein 12 kDa size (DAP12) and FcεRI gamma chain (FcRγ). The ITAM-signaling adaptors do not have an extracellular ligand-binding domain and, therefore, must pair with ligand-binding immunoreceptors to interact with their extracellular environment. DAP12 pairs with a number of different immunoreceptors including triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2), myeloid DAP12-associated lectin (MDL-1), and sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-type lectin 15 (Siglec-15); while FcRγ pairs with a different set of receptors including osteoclast-specific activating receptor (OSCAR), paired immunoglobulin receptor A (PIR-A), and Fc receptors. The ligands for many of these receptors in the bone microenvironment remain unknown. Here, we will review immunoreceptors known to pair with either DAP12 or FcRγ that have been shown to regulate osteoclastogenesis. Co-stimulation and the effects of ITAM-signaling have turned out to be complex, and now include paradoxical findings that ITAM-signaling adaptor-associated receptors can inhibit osteoclastogenesis and immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif (ITIM) receptors can promote osteoclastogenesis. Thus, co-stimulation of osteoclastogenesis continues to reveal additional complexities that are important in the regulatory mechanisms that seek to maintain bone homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Beth Humphrey
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology, and Allergy, Department of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 975 NE 10th St., BRC209, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Mary C Nakamura
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA. .,Arthritis/Immunology Section, San Francisco Veterans Administration Medical Center, 4150 Clement St 111R, San Francisco, CA, 94121, USA.
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14
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Lee MJ, Lim E, Mun S, Bae S, Murata K, Ivashkiv LB, Park-Min KH. Intravenous Immunoglobulin (IVIG) Attenuates TNF-Induced Pathologic Bone Resorption and Suppresses Osteoclastogenesis by Inducing A20 Expression. J Cell Physiol 2016; 231:449-458. [PMID: 26189496 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Accepted: 07/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Investigations on the therapeutic effects of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) have focused on the suppression of autoantibody and immune complex-mediated inflammatory pathogenesis. Inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis are often accompanied by excessive bone erosion but the effect of IVIG on osteoclasts, bone-resorbing cells, has not been studied. Here, we investigate whether IVIG directly regulates osteoclast differentiation and has therapeutic potential for suppressing osteoclast-mediated pathologic bone resorption. IVIG or cross-linking of Fcγ receptors with plate-bound IgG suppressed receptor activator of nuclear factor-κ B ligand (RANKL)-induced osteoclastogenesis and expression of osteoclast-related genes such as integrin β3 and cathepsin K in a dose-dependent manner. Mechanistically, IVIG or plate-bound IgG suppressed osteoclastogenesis by downregulating RANKL-induced expression of NFATC1, the master regulator of osteoclastogenesis. IVIG suppressed NFATC1 expression by attenuating RANKL-induced NF-κB signaling, explained in part by induction of the inflammatory signaling inhibitor A20. IVIG administration attenuated in vivo osteoclastogenesis and suppressed bone resorption in the tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-induced calvarial osteolysis model. Our findings show that, in addition to suppressing inflammation, IVIG directly inhibits osteoclastogenesis through a mechanism involving suppression of RANK signaling. Direct suppression of osteoclast differentiation may provide beneficial effects on preserving bone mass when IVIG is used to treat rheumatic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Joon Lee
- Arthritis and Tissue Degeneration Program, David Z. Rosensweig Center for Genomic Research, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY 10021 USA
| | - Elisha Lim
- Arthritis and Tissue Degeneration Program, David Z. Rosensweig Center for Genomic Research, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY 10021 USA
| | - Sehwan Mun
- Arthritis and Tissue Degeneration Program, David Z. Rosensweig Center for Genomic Research, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY 10021 USA
| | - Seyeon Bae
- Arthritis and Tissue Degeneration Program, David Z. Rosensweig Center for Genomic Research, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY 10021 USA
| | - Koichi Murata
- Arthritis and Tissue Degeneration Program, David Z. Rosensweig Center for Genomic Research, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY 10021 USA
| | - Lionel B Ivashkiv
- Arthritis and Tissue Degeneration Program, David Z. Rosensweig Center for Genomic Research, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY 10021 USA.,Graduate Program in Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, New York, NY 10021 USA.,Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10021 US.,Drs. Park-Min and Ivashkiv contributed equally to this work
| | - Kyung-Hyun Park-Min
- Arthritis and Tissue Degeneration Program, David Z. Rosensweig Center for Genomic Research, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY 10021 USA.,Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10021 US.,Drs. Park-Min and Ivashkiv contributed equally to this work
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15
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Affiliation(s)
- Won-Ju Jeong
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Ha-Jeong Kim
- Department of Physiology, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
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16
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Pietschmann P, Mechtcheriakova D, Meshcheryakova A, Föger-Samwald U, Ellinger I. Immunology of Osteoporosis: A Mini-Review. Gerontology 2015; 62:128-37. [PMID: 26088283 DOI: 10.1159/000431091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2015] [Accepted: 05/04/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a major cause of fractures and associated morbidity in the aged population. The pathogenesis of osteoporosis is multifactorial; whereas traditional pathophysiological concepts emphasize endocrine mechanisms, it has been recognized that also components of the immune system have a significant impact on bone. Since 2000, when the term 'osteoimmunology' was coined, novel insights into the role of inflammatory cytokines by influencing the fine-tuned balance between bone resorption and bone formation have helped to explain the occurrence of osteoporosis in conjunction with chronic inflammatory reactions. Moreover, the phenomenon of a low-grade, chronic, systemic inflammatory state associated with aging has been defined as 'inflamm-aging' by Claudio Franceschi and has been linked to age-related diseases such as osteoporosis. Given the tight anatomical and physiological coexistence of B cells and the bone-forming units in the bone marrow, a role of B cells in osteoimmunological interactions has long been suspected. Recent findings of B cells as active regulators of the RANK/RANKL/OPG axis, of altered RANKL/OPG production by B cells in HIV-associated bone loss or of a modulated expression of genes linked to B-cell biology in response to estrogen deficiency support this assumption. Furthermore, oxidative stress and the generation of advanced glycation end products have emerged as links between inflammation and bone destruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Pietschmann
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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17
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Glycosylation of immunoglobulin G determines osteoclast differentiation and bone loss. Nat Commun 2015; 6:6651. [PMID: 25825024 PMCID: PMC4389255 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms7651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2014] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunglobulin G (IgG) sialylation represents a key checkpoint that determines the engagement of pro- or anti-inflammatory Fcγ receptors (FcγR) and the direction of the immune response. Whether IgG sialylation influences osteoclast differentiation and subsequently bone architecture has not been determined yet, but may represent an important link between immune activation and bone loss. Here we demonstrate that desialylated, but not sialylated, immune complexes enhance osteoclastogenesis in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, we find that the Fc sialylation state of random IgG and specific IgG autoantibodies determines bone architecture in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. In accordance with these findings, mice treated with the sialic acid precursor N-acetylmannosamine (ManNAc), which results in increased IgG sialylation, are less susceptible to inflammatory bone loss. Taken together, our findings provide a novel mechanism by which immune responses influence the human skeleton and an innovative treatment approach to inhibit immune-mediated bone loss. The IgG sugar moiety modulates the binding of immune complexes to their Fcγ receptors resulting in pro- or anti-inflammatory response. This study shows that IgG sialylation also affects osteoclastogenesis and bone mass in mice and humans, identifying a new link between bone and the immune system.
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18
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Okano M, Fujiwara T, Kariya S, Haruna T, Higaki T, Noyama Y, Makihara SI, Kanai K, Nishizaki K. Staphylococcal protein A-formulated immune complexes suppress enterotoxin-induced cellular responses in nasal polyps. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2015; 136:343-50.e8. [PMID: 25724120 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2014.10.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2014] [Revised: 09/09/2014] [Accepted: 10/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies have revealed that Staphylococcus aureus and its components participate in the pathogenesis of eosinophilic airway diseases, such as chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps. OBJECTIVE We sought to determine whether staphylococcal protein A (SpA) from S aureus regulated cellular responses in nasal polyps, especially when coupled to immunoglobulins in immune complexes (ICs). METHODS Dispersed nasal polyp cells (DNPCs) or peripheral blood monocytes were cultured in vitro with SpA in the presence or absence of IgG, and IL-5, IL-13, IFN-γ, IL-17A, and IL-10 levels were measured in the supernatants. The effect of SpA exposure on staphylococcal enterotoxin B-induced cytokine production by DNPCs in the presence and absence of IgG, IgA, and autologous serum was also examined. RESULTS Exposure to SpA induced DNPCs to produce significantly higher IL-10, IL-13, and IL-17A levels than DNPCs without SpA, although the magnitude of the IL-17A increase was less than that of IL-10 and IL-13. SpA induced IL-10 production mainly from adherent DNPCs, and this was significantly enhanced in the presence of IgG; similar results were observed in peripheral blood monocytes. IC formation between SpA and IgG (SpA-IgG ICs) was confirmed by using native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. SpA-IgG ICs, but not SpA alone, almost completely suppressed staphylococcal enterotoxin B-induced IL-5, IL-13, IFN-γ, and IL-17A production by DNPCs; similar inhibition was observed in DNPCs treated with SpA in the presence of either IgA or autologous serum. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that SpA can regulate the pathogenesis of enterotoxin-induced inflammation in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps through coupling to immunoglobulins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuhiro Okano
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan.
| | - Tazuko Fujiwara
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Shin Kariya
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Takenori Haruna
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Takaya Higaki
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Noyama
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | | | - Kengo Kanai
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Kagawa Prefectural Central Hospital, Takamatsu, Japan
| | - Kazunori Nishizaki
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
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19
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The atypical chemokine receptor ACKR2 suppresses Th17 responses to protein autoantigens. Immunol Cell Biol 2014; 93:167-76. [PMID: 25348934 PMCID: PMC4340511 DOI: 10.1038/icb.2014.90] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2013] [Revised: 08/27/2014] [Accepted: 09/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Chemokine-directed leukocyte migration is a critical component of all innate and adaptive immune responses. The atypical chemokine receptor ACKR2 is expressed by lymphatic endothelial cells and scavenges pro-inflammatory CC chemokines to indirectly subdue leukocyte migration. This contributes to the resolution of acute inflammatory responses in vivo. ACKR2 is also universally expressed by innate-like B cells, suppressing their responsiveness to the non-ACKR2 ligand CXCL13, and controlling their distribution in vivo. The role of ACKR2 in autoimmunity remains relatively unexplored, although Ackr2 deficiency reportedly lessens the clinical symptoms of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis induced by immunization with encephalogenic peptide (MOG35–55). This was attributed to poor T-cell priming stemming from the defective departure of dendritic cells from the site of immunization. However, we report here that Ackr2-deficient mice, on two separate genetic backgrounds, are not less susceptible to autoimmunity induced by immunization, and in some cases develop enhanced clinical symptoms. Moreover, ACKR2 deficiency does not suppress T-cell priming in response to encephalogenic peptide (MOG35–55), and responses to protein antigen (collagen or MOG1–125) are characterized by elevated interleukin-17 production. Interestingly, after immunization with protein, but not peptide, antigen, Ackr2 deficiency was also associated with an increase in lymph node B cells expressing granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), a cytokine that enhances T helper type 17 (Th17) cell development and survival. Thus, Ackr2 deficiency does not suppress autoreactive T-cell priming and autoimmune pathology, but can enhance T-cell polarization toward Th17 cells and increase the abundance of GM-CSF+ B cells in lymph nodes draining the site of immunization.
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20
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Bernton E, Gannon W, Kramer W, Kranz E. PRTX-100 and methotrexate in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis: A Phase Ib randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, dose-escalation study. Clin Pharmacol Drug Dev 2014; 3:477-86. [PMID: 27129122 DOI: 10.1002/cpdd.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2013] [Accepted: 03/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
PRTX-100 is a highly-purified preparation of staphylococcal protein A (SpA), with immunologic activity in vitro and in animal models of immune-mediated inflammation. Following single-dose healthy volunteer studies of safety and pharmacokinetics (PK), a multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled, sequential dose-escalation, repeated-dose phase I trial was conducted in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis (RA) on methotrexate therapy. Patients were randomized to receive either weekly intravenous PRTX-100 (0.15, 0.45, 0.90, or 1.50 µg/kg) or placebo for 4 weeks. Safety and disease activity were assessed over 16 weeks. Pharmacokinetic profiles were obtained after the first and fourth doses. The most common treatment-related adverse events were nausea, muscle spasms, dizziness, flushing, fatigue, RA flare, and headache. No serious adverse events were considered related to PRTX-100, and none occurred in the highest dose group. Geometric mean values for plasma Cmax (ng/mL) were 4.1, 15.7, 26.5, and 51.2 for doses of 0.15, 0.45, 0.90, and 1.5 µg/kg, respectively. Anti-drug antibodies (ADAs) developed in most PRTX-100 patients, but incidence and titer were not dose-dependent. At the two highest doses, data suggest PRTX-100 may have an effect on RA disease activity, even in patients with ADAs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Eduard Kranz
- Parexel Clinical Pharmacology, Bloemfontein, South Africa
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21
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Bernton E, Haughey D. Studies of the safety, pharmacokinetics and immunogenicity of repeated doses of intravenous staphylococcal protein A in cynomolgus monkeys. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2014; 115:448-55. [PMID: 24674306 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.12233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2013] [Accepted: 03/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Three Good Laboratory Practice safety studies were performed with intravenous injections of highly purified staphylococcal protein A (SPA) in cynomolgus monkeys, in support of a clinical development programme utilizing this protein as an immunomodulator. These studies established a no-observable-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) for up to 12 weekly doses of SPA, as well as toxicokinetic profiles for SPA, evaluation of antiproduct antibodies and biomarkers to better characterize the pharmacodynamic response to SPA. Biomarkers included neopterin, C-reactive protein (CRP), troponin I and the change in the blood absolute lymphocyte count (ALC) 24 hr after SPA dosing. The transient decrease in ALC noted at 24 hr after dosing was similar to that seen in human Phase 1 trials. The majority of active-treated monkeys developed antibodies against SPA. Cmax was not affected by development of antidrug antibodies (ADAs), and after the first dose was 87 (SD 19) ng/mL, 330 (SD 84) ng/mL and 1191 (SD 208) ng/mL for 5, 25 and 100 μg/kg doses, respectively. The development of ADAs increased plasma clearance of SPA. By the sixth weekly dose, the AUC was decreased by 76%, 54% and 66% for the 5, 25 and 100 μg/kg dose groups, respectively. These results indicate that SPA can be administered intravenously to non-human primates without observable toxicity at weekly doses of up to 100 μg/kg.
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22
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Abstract
In rheumatoid arthritis (RA), the presence of autoantibodies such as the rheumatoid factor and antibodies against citrullinated proteins is highly correlated with the severity of disease and bone loss. For many years, the involvement of autoantibodies in bone resorption has merely been attributed to enhanced tissue infiltration and the production of inflammatory cytokines that promote osteoclastogenesis. However, recent research provides evidence for a direct activation of osteoclasts and their precursors by autoantibodies, which is independent of inflammation. The depletion of B-cells with rituximab that substantially reduces autoantibody levels seems to be as effective as the well-established treatment with tumor necrosis factor-antagonists in RA patients that do not respond to methotrexate, highlighting the significance of autoantibodies for RA and bone loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrike Harre
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany,
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23
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Le Goff B, Berthelot JM, Maugars Y, Heymann D. Osteoclasts in RA: diverse origins and functions. Joint Bone Spine 2013; 80:586-91. [PMID: 23731635 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbspin.2013.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/28/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Osteoclasts were recognized in the late 1990s as the cells responsible for generalized and focal bone loss in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Concepts about osteoclast biology have changed radically based on recent evidence of considerable diversity in both the origins and the functions of osteoclasts. In addition, the role for osteoclasts is not confined to bone resorption but may also include active contributions to inflammatory and autoimmune responses. Thus, in RA, osteoclast progenitors may arise from both circulating cells and cells developed within the rheumatoid synovium or subchondral bone. Within the inflamed synovium, osteoclasts are activated by factors such as cytokines, immune complexes, or activators of the toll-like receptors, which are not found in healthy bone tissue. Finally, recent data suggest that osteoclasts may be capable of antigen presentation to T cells via major histocompatibility complex class I and class II molecules. Confirmation of this suggestion by future studies would indicate that osteoclasts might be involved not only in bone resorption, but also in autoimmune responses and antigen presentation. These data highlight the considerable complexity of interactions between bone tissue and the immune system. Research into these interactions may identify new targets for treatments against the bone abnormalities associated with chronic inflammatory disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benoit Le Goff
- Service de rhumatologie, Hôtel-Dieu, 1, place Alexis-Ricordeau, 44093 Nantes cedex 1, France; LUNAM université, 44000 Nantes, France; Inserm, UMR957, physiopathologie de la résorption osseuse et thérapie des tumeurs osseuses primitives, 44035 Nantes, France; Université de Nantes, Nantes atlantique universités, 44035 Nantes, France.
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24
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Park-Min KH, Lee EY, Moskowitz NK, Lim E, Lee SK, Lorenzo JA, Huang C, Melnick AM, Purdue PE, Goldring SR, Ivashkiv LB. Negative regulation of osteoclast precursor differentiation by CD11b and β2 integrin-B-cell lymphoma 6 signaling. J Bone Miner Res 2013; 28:135-49. [PMID: 22893614 PMCID: PMC3522783 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.1739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2012] [Revised: 07/23/2012] [Accepted: 08/02/2012] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Negative regulation of osteoclastogenesis is important for bone homeostasis and prevention of excessive bone resorption in inflammatory and other diseases. Mechanisms that directly suppress osteoclastogenesis are not well understood. In this study we investigated regulation of osteoclast differentiation by the β2 integrin CD11b/CD18 that is expressed on myeloid lineage osteoclast precursors. CD11b-deficient mice exhibited decreased bone mass that was associated with increased osteoclast numbers and decreased bone formation. Accordingly, CD11b and β2 integrin signaling suppressed osteoclast differentiation by preventing receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL)-induced induction of the master regulator of osteoclastogenesis nuclear factor of activated T cells, cytoplasmic 1 (NFATc1) and of downstream osteoclast-related NFATc1 target genes. CD11b suppressed induction of NFATc1 by the complementary mechanisms of downregulation of RANK expression and induction of recruitment of the transcriptional repressor B-cell lymphoma 6 (BCL6) to the NFATC1 gene. These findings identify CD11b as a negative regulator of the earliest stages of osteoclast differentiation, and provide an inducible mechanism by which environmental cues suppress osteoclastogenesis by activating a transcriptional repressor that makes genes refractory to osteoclastogenic signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-Hyun Park-Min
- Arthritis and Tissue Degeneration Program, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA
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