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Tosa I, Ruscitto A, Wang Z, Chen KZ, Ono M, Embree MC. Bulk RNA-seq analyses of mandibular condylar cartilage in a post-traumatic TMJ osteoarthritis rabbit model. Orthod Craniofac Res 2023; 26 Suppl 1:131-141. [PMID: 36891610 DOI: 10.1111/ocr.12649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is anatomically comprised of the mandibular condylar cartilage (CC) lined with fibrocartilaginous superficial zone and is crucial for eating and dental occlusion. TMJ osteoarthritis (OA) leads to pain, joint dysfunction and permanent loss of cartilage tissue. However, there are no drugs clinically available that ameliorate OA and little is known about global profiles of genes that contribute to TMJ OA. Furthermore, animal models that recapitulate the complexity of signalling pathways contributing to OA pathogenesis are crucial for designing novel biologics that thwart OA progression. We have previously developed a New Zealand white rabbit TMJ injury model that demonstrates CC degeneration. Here, we performed genome-wide profiling to identify new signalling pathways critical for cellular functions during OA pathology. MATERIALS AND METHODS Temporomandibular joint OA was surgically induced in New Zealand white rabbits. Three months following injury, we performed global gene expression profiling of the TMJ condyle. RNA samples from TMJ condyles were subjected to sequencing. After raw RNA-seq data were mapped to relevant genomes, differential expression was analysed with DESeq2. Gene ontology enrichment analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis were conducted. RESULTS/CONCLUSIONS Our study revealed multiple pathways altered during TMJ OA induction including the Wnt, Notch and PI3K-Akt signalling pathways. We demonstrate an animal model that recapitulates the complexity of the cues and signals underlying TMJ OA pathogenesis, which is essential for developing and testing novel pharmacologic agents to treat OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikue Tosa
- Cartilage Biology and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, College of Dental Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Angela Ruscitto
- Cartilage Biology and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, College of Dental Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Ziyi Wang
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kira Z Chen
- Cartilage Biology and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, College of Dental Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Mitsuaki Ono
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Mildred C Embree
- Cartilage Biology and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, College of Dental Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
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2
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Shanmugasundaram S, Solanki K, Saseendar S, Chavada VK, D'Ambrosi R. Role of Doxycycline as an Osteoarthritis Disease-Modifying Drug. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12082927. [PMID: 37109263 PMCID: PMC10145123 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12082927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Doxycycline is a drug that has been proposed to modify osteoarthritis (OA) progression, in addition to its role as an antibiotic. However, available evidence thus far comprises sporadic reports, with no consensus on its benefits. Hence, this review attempts to analyze the evidence available thus far on the role of doxycycline as a disease-modifying osteoarthritis drug (DMOAD) in knee osteoarthritis. The earliest evidence of doxycycline in OA appeared in 1991 when doxycycline was found to inhibit the type XI collagenolytic activity of extracts from the human osteoarthritic cartilage, and gelatinase and tetracycline were found to inhibit this metalloproteinase activity in articular cartilage in vivo, which could modify cartilage breakdown in osteoarthritis. Apart from the inhibition of cartilage damage by metalloproteinases (MMPs) and other cartilage-related mechanisms, doxycycline also affects the bone and interferes with many enzyme systems. The most significant finding after reviewing various studies was that doxycycline has a definitive role in structural changes in osteoarthritis progression and radiological joint space width, but its role in the improvement of clinical outcomes as a DMOAD has not been established. However, there is much of a gap and lack of evidence in this regard. Doxycycline, as an MMP inhibitor, has theoretical advantages for clinical outcomes, but the present studies reveal only beneficial structural changes in osteoarthritis and very minimal or nonexistent advantages in clinical outcomes. Current evidence does not favor the regular use of doxycycline for the treatment of osteoarthritis as an individual treatment option or in combination with others. However, multicenter large cohort studies are warranted to determine the long-term benefits of doxycycline.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Vijay K Chavada
- Department of Community Medicine, Indira Gandhi Medical College and Research Institute, Puducherry 605009, India
| | - Riccardo D'Ambrosi
- IRCCS Ospedale Galeazzi-Sant'Ambrogio, 20161 Milan, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche per la Salute, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
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3
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Biasizzo M, Javoršek U, Vidak E, Zarić M, Turk B. Cysteine cathepsins: A long and winding road towards clinics. Mol Aspects Med 2022; 88:101150. [PMID: 36283280 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2022.101150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Biomedical research often focuses on properties that differentiate between diseased and healthy tissue; one of the current focuses is elevated expression and altered localisation of proteases. Among these proteases, dysregulation of cysteine cathepsins can frequently be observed in inflammation-associated diseases, which tips the functional balance from normal physiological to pathological manifestations. Their overexpression and secretion regularly exhibit a strong correlation with the development and progression of such diseases, making them attractive pharmacological targets. But beyond their mostly detrimental role in inflammation-associated diseases, cysteine cathepsins are physiologically highly important enzymes involved in various biological processes crucial for maintaining homeostasis and responding to different stimuli. Consequently, several challenges have emerged during the efforts made to translate basic research data into clinical applications. In this review, we present both physiological and pathological roles of cysteine cathepsins and discuss the clinical potential of cysteine cathepsin-targeting strategies for disease management and diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Biasizzo
- Jozef Stefan Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Structural Biology, Jamova 39, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia; International Postgraduate School Jozef Stefan, Jamova 39, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Urban Javoršek
- Jozef Stefan Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Structural Biology, Jamova 39, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia; International Postgraduate School Jozef Stefan, Jamova 39, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Eva Vidak
- Jozef Stefan Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Structural Biology, Jamova 39, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia; International Postgraduate School Jozef Stefan, Jamova 39, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Miki Zarić
- Jozef Stefan Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Structural Biology, Jamova 39, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia; International Postgraduate School Jozef Stefan, Jamova 39, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Boris Turk
- Jozef Stefan Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Structural Biology, Jamova 39, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia; Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Vecna pot 113, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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4
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Chwastek J, Kędziora M, Borczyk M, Korostyński M, Starowicz K. Inflammation-Driven Secretion Potential Is Upregulated in Osteoarthritic Fibroblast-Like Synoviocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911817. [PMID: 36233118 PMCID: PMC9570304 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is one of the most common joint pathologies and a major cause of disability among the population of developed countries. It manifests as a gradual degeneration of the cartilage and subchondral part of the bone, leading to joint damage. Recent studies indicate that not only the cells that make up the articular cartilage but also the synoviocytes, which build the membrane surrounding the joint, contribute to the development of OA. Therefore, the aim of the study was to determine the response to inflammatory factors of osteoarthritic synoviocytes and to identify proteins secreted by them that may influence the progression of OA. This study demonstrated that fibroblast-like synoviocytes of OA patients (FLS-OA) respond more strongly to pro-inflammatory stimulation than cells obtained from control patients (FLS). These changes were observed at the transcriptome level and subsequently confirmed by protein analysis. FLS-OA stimulated by pro-inflammatory factors [such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) were shown to secrete significantly more chemokines (CXCL6, CXCL10, and CXCL16) and growth factors [angiopoietin-like protein 1 (ANGPTL1), fibroblast growth factor 5 (FGF5), and insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2)] than control cells. Moreover, the translation of proteolytic enzymes [matrix metalloprotease 3 (MMP3), cathepsin K (CTSK), and cathepsin S (CTSS)] by FLS-OA is increased under inflammatory conditions. Our data indicate that the FLS of OA patients are functionally altered, resulting in an enhanced response to the presence of pro-inflammatory factors in the environment, manifested by the increased production of the previously mentioned proteins, which may promote further disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Chwastek
- Department of Neurochemistry, Maj Institute of Pharmacology Polish Academy of Sciences, 31-343 Krakow, Poland
| | - Marta Kędziora
- Department of Neurochemistry, Maj Institute of Pharmacology Polish Academy of Sciences, 31-343 Krakow, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Borczyk
- Laboratory of Pharmacogenomics, Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology Polish Academy of Sciences, 31-343 Krakow, Poland
| | - Michał Korostyński
- Laboratory of Pharmacogenomics, Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology Polish Academy of Sciences, 31-343 Krakow, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Starowicz
- Department of Neurochemistry, Maj Institute of Pharmacology Polish Academy of Sciences, 31-343 Krakow, Poland
- Correspondence:
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Yang Y, Feng N, Liang L, Jiang R, Pan Y, Geng N, Fan M, Li X, Guo F. Progranulin, a moderator of estrogen/estrogen receptor α binding, regulates bone homeostasis through PERK/p-eIF2 signaling pathway. J Mol Med (Berl) 2022; 100:1191-1207. [PMID: 35838759 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-022-02233-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Under normal conditions, the human body employs the synergistic action of osteoblasts and osteoclasts to maintain a dynamic balance between bone formation and resorption. Bone homeostasis plays a very important role in the process of bone formation. Various bone diseases can occur if bone homeostasis is disrupted. In this study, the serum estrogen levels were significantly increased in the granulin (GRN)-deficient mice and PGRN regulates the binding of estrogen and estrogen receptor α (ERα) and then affects estrogen's ability to regulate bone formation and resorption. In addition, this study also explored the role that PGRN plays in regulating bone homeostasis by affecting the binding of estrogen and estrogen receptors through the protein kinase R-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase/phosphorylation of the eukaryotic initiation factor 2 signaling pathway. In summary, we confirmed the important role of PGRN in regulating the estrogen (E2)/ERα signal in maintaining bone homeostasis. Our findings may provide a new strategy for the treatment of osteoporosis and maintaining bone homeostasis. KEY MESSAGES: PGRN is a molecular regulator of the binding of E2 and ERα signal in maintaining bone homeostasis. PGRN plays in regulating bone homeostasis through the PERK/p-eIF2α signaling pathway. The best therapeutic effect of PGRN in osteoporosis is associated with different concentration of E2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyou Yang
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Core Facility of Development Biology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Naibo Feng
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Core Facility of Development Biology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Li Liang
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Core Facility of Development Biology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Rong Jiang
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Yiming Pan
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Core Facility of Development Biology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Nana Geng
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Core Facility of Development Biology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Mengtian Fan
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Core Facility of Development Biology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Xiaoli Li
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Core Facility of Development Biology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Fengjin Guo
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Core Facility of Development Biology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.
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6
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Zou N, Liu R, Li C. Cathepsin K+ Non-Osteoclast Cells in the Skeletal System: Function, Models, Identity, and Therapeutic Implications. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:818462. [PMID: 35912093 PMCID: PMC9326176 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.818462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cathepsin K (Ctsk) is a cysteine protease of the papain superfamily initially identified in differentiated osteoclasts; it plays a critical role in degrading the bone matrix. However, subsequent in vivo and in vitro studies based on animal models elucidate novel subpopulations of Ctsk-expressing cells, which display markers and properties of mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells. This review introduces the function, identity, and role of Ctsk+ cells and their therapeutic implications in related preclinical osseous disorder models. It also summarizes the available in vivo models for studying Ctsk+ cells and their progeny. Further investigations of detailed properties and mechanisms of Ctsk+ cells in transgenic models are required to guide potential therapeutic targets in multiple diseases in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanyu Zou
- Department of Endocrinology, Endocrinology Research Center, The Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ran Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Endocrinology Research Center, The Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Changjun Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Endocrinology Research Center, The Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders (Xiangya Hospital), Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Changjun Li,
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7
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Deng R, Zhang H, Huang L, Xiong X, Fu X. MicroRNA-186 ameliorates Knee osteoarthritis via regulation of P2X7-mediated Cathepsin-K/Runx2/ADAMTS5 signalling axis in articular chondrocytes. Saudi J Biol Sci 2021; 28:4270-4275. [PMID: 34354409 PMCID: PMC8324999 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.06.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is a chronic joint disorder involving the articular cartilage and tissues around the synovial joint. The key objective of this study was to determine the effect of miR-186-5p administration on the expression of pathogenic signalling in the chondrocytes using a surgical destabilization of the medial meniscus (DMM) model of KOA, and to testify the mechanism of P2X7-mediated regulation of RUNX2/ADAMTS5 axis by miR-186 in the KOA rats. After eight weeks of intra-articular injection of the miR-186-5p and negative control lentivirus samples, the knee cartilage tissues were subjected to histopathological analysis Safranin-O/Fast green staining. Further, the articular chondrocytes were separated and analysed for various proteins including P2X7, cathepsin-K, RUNX2 and ADAMTS5 using Western blotting method. We observed that the protein expressions of P2X7, cathepsin-K/RUNX2/ADAMTS5, and also MMP-13 were upmodulated in the KOA rats, while intra-articular miR-186-5p lentivirus administration prevented these aberrations. Hence, the study concludes that miR-186 orchestrates P2X7 expression and the P2X7-mediated cathepsin-K/RUNX2/ADAMTS5 axis and regulates the pathogenesis of KOA. In light of this evidence, we propose that molecular therapeutic interventions targeting miR-186 activation might attenuate osteoarthritic cartilage degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- RuLin Deng
- Department of Orthopedics, Nanchang HongDu Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, NanChang, Jiangxi 330006, China
| | - HongJun Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Jiangxi provincial People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanchang University, NanChang, Jiangxi 330006, China
| | - Lei Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, NanChang, Jiangxi 330006, China
| | - Xin Xiong
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, NanChang, Jiangxi 330006, China
| | - Xiaoling Fu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, NanChang, Jiangxi 330006, China
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8
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Oo WM, Little C, Duong V, Hunter DJ. The Development of Disease-Modifying Therapies for Osteoarthritis (DMOADs): The Evidence to Date. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2021; 15:2921-2945. [PMID: 34262259 PMCID: PMC8273751 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s295224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a complex heterogeneous articular disease with multiple joint tissue involvement of varying severity and no regulatory-agency-approved disease-modifying drugs (DMOADs). In this review, we discuss the reasons necessitating the development of DMOADs for OA management, the classifications of clinical phenotypes or molecular/mechanistic endotypes from the viewpoint of targeted drug discovery, and then summarize the efficacy and safety profile of a range of targeted drugs in Phase 2 and 3 clinical trials directed to cartilage-driven, bone-driven, and inflammation-driven endotypes. Finally, we briefly put forward the reasons for failures in OA clinical trials and possible steps to overcome these barriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Win Min Oo
- Rheumatology Department, Royal North Shore Hospital, and Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Kolling Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Mandalay General Hospital, University of Medicine, Mandalay, Mandalay, Myanmar
| | - Christopher Little
- Raymond Purves Bone and Joint Research Laboratories, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Kolling Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Vicky Duong
- Rheumatology Department, Royal North Shore Hospital, and Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Kolling Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - David J Hunter
- Rheumatology Department, Royal North Shore Hospital, and Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Kolling Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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Hartley A, Gregson CL, Paternoster L, Tobias JH. Osteoarthritis: Insights Offered by the Study of Bone Mass Genetics. Curr Osteoporos Rep 2021; 19:115-122. [PMID: 33538965 PMCID: PMC8016765 DOI: 10.1007/s11914-021-00655-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This paper reviews how bone genetics has contributed to our understanding of the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis. As well as identifying specific genetic mechanisms involved in osteoporosis which also contribute to osteoarthritis, we review whether bone mineral density (BMD) plays a causal role in OA development. RECENT FINDINGS We examined whether those genetically predisposed to elevated BMD are at increased risk of developing OA, using our high bone mass (HBM) cohort. HBM individuals were found to have a greater prevalence of OA compared with family controls and greater development of radiographic features of OA over 8 years, with predominantly osteophytic OA. Initial Mendelian randomisation analysis provided additional support for a causal effect of increased BMD on increased OA risk. In contrast, more recent investigation estimates this relationship to be bi-directional. However, both these findings could be explained instead by shared biological pathways. Pathways which contribute to BMD appear to play an important role in OA development, likely reflecting shared common mechanisms as opposed to a causal effect of raised BMD on OA. Studies in HBM individuals suggest this reflects an important role of mechanisms involved in bone formation in OA development; however further work is required to establish whether the same applies to more common forms of OA within the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Hartley
- Musculoskeletal Research Unit, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- MRC Integrated Epidemiology Unit, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - C L Gregson
- Musculoskeletal Research Unit, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- MRC Integrated Epidemiology Unit, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - L Paternoster
- MRC Integrated Epidemiology Unit, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - J H Tobias
- Musculoskeletal Research Unit, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
- MRC Integrated Epidemiology Unit, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
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Crataegus pinnatifida Bunge Inhibits RANKL-Induced Osteoclast Differentiation in RAW 264.7 Cells and Prevents Bone Loss in an Ovariectomized Rat Model. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:5521562. [PMID: 33859705 PMCID: PMC8024084 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5521562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Osteoporosis is characterized by a decrease in bone microarchitecture with an increased risk of fracture. Long-term use of primary treatments, such as bisphosphonates and selective estrogen receptor modulators, results in various side effects. Therefore, it is necessary to develop alternative therapeutics derived from natural products. Crataegus pinnatifida Bunge (CPB) is a dried fruit used to treat diet-induced indigestion, loss of appetite, and diarrhea. However, research into the effects of CPB on osteoclast differentiation and osteoporosis is still limited. In vitro experiments were conducted to examine the effects of CPB on RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation in RAW 264.7 cells. Moreover, we investigated the effects of CPB on bone loss in the femoral head in an ovariectomized rat model using microcomputed tomography. In vitro, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining results showed the number of TRAP-positive cells, and TRAP activity significantly decreased following CPB treatment. CPB also significantly decreased pit formation. Furthermore, CPB inhibited osteoclast differentiation by suppressing NFATc1, and c-Fos expression. Moreover, CPB treatment inhibited osteoclast-related genes, such as Nfatc1, Ca2, Acp5, mmp9, CtsK, Oscar, and Atp6v0d2. In vivo, bone mineral density and structure model index were improved by administration of CPB. In conclusion, CPB prevented osteoclast differentiation in vitro and prevented bone loss in vivo. Therefore, CPB could be a potential alternative medicine for bone diseases, such as osteoporosis.
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Abstract
The prevalence of osteoarthritis (OA) and the burden associated with the disease are steadily increasing worldwide, representing a major public health challenge for the coming decades. The lack of specific treatments for OA has led to it being recognized as a serious disease that has an unmet medical need. Advances in the understanding of OA pathophysiology have enabled the identification of a variety of potential therapeutic targets involved in the structural progression of OA, some of which are promising and under clinical investigation in randomized controlled trials. Emerging therapies include those targeting matrix-degrading proteases or senescent chondrocytes, promoting cartilage repair or limiting bone remodelling, local low-grade inflammation or Wnt signalling. In addition to these potentially disease-modifying OA drugs (DMOADs), several targets are being explored for the treatment of OA-related pain, such as nerve growth factor inhibitors. The results of these studies are expected to considerably reshape the landscape of OA management over the next few years. This Review describes the pathophysiological processes targeted by emerging therapies for OA, along with relevant clinical data and discussion of the main challenges for the further development of these therapies, to provide context for the latest advances in the field of pharmaceutical therapies for OA.
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Hyaluronan suppresses enhanced cathepsin K expression via activation of NF-κB with mechanical stress loading in a human chondrocytic HCS-2/8 cells. Sci Rep 2020; 10:216. [PMID: 31937805 PMCID: PMC6959248 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-57073-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cathepsin K is a protease known to be involved in not only bone remodeling and resorption, but also articular cartilage degradation that leads to osteoarthritis (OA). Hyaluronan (HA) plays a pivotal role in maintaining homeostasis within articular chondrocytes. Intra-articular supplementation of high molecular weight hyaluronan (HMW-HA) has been widely used in OA treatment. However, its prospective mechanism of action is still unclear. In this study, we examined the suppressive effect of HA on enhanced cathepsin K expression induced by mechanical stress loading. A human chondrocytic HCS-2/8 cells were cultured in silicon chambers and subjected to cyclic tensile stress (CTS) loading. CTS loading significantly increased messenger ribonucleic acid and protein expression of cathepsin K, which appeared to be suppressed by pre-treatment with HMW-HA. Activation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) was induced by CTS loading, and suppressed by pre-treatment with HMW-HA. Helenalin, a chemical inhibitor of NF-κB, clearly suppressed the enhanced expression of cathepsin K, as well as NF-κB activation induced by CTS loading. The suppressive effect of HMW-HA on enhanced cathepsin K expression via NF-κB inhibition impacts the effectiveness of HMW-HA in OA treatment. Our findings provide new evidence supporting the biological effectiveness of intra-articular HMW-HA injections for treatment of OA.
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13
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Hu L, Huang Z, Ishii H, Wu H, Suzuki S, Inoue A, Kim W, Jiang H, Li X, Zhu E, Piao L, Zhao G, Lei Y, Okumura K, Shi GP, Murohara T, Kuzuya M, Cheng XW. PLF-1 (Proliferin-1) Modulates Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation and Development of Experimental Intimal Hyperplasia. J Am Heart Assoc 2019; 8:e005886. [PMID: 31838975 PMCID: PMC6951060 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.117.005886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background Although apoptosis and cell proliferation have been extensively investigated in atherosclerosis and restenosis postinjury, the communication between these 2 cellular events has not been evaluated. Here, we report an inextricable communicative link between apoptosis and smooth muscle cell proliferation in the promotion of vascular remodeling postinjury. Methods and Results Cathepsin K-mediated caspase-8 maturation is a key initial step for oxidative stress-induced smooth muscle cell apoptosis. Apoptotic cells generate a potential growth-stimulating signal to facilitate cellular mass changes in response to injury. One downstream mediator that cathepsin K regulates is PLF-1 (proliferin-1), which can potently stimulate growth of surviving neighboring smooth muscle cells through activation of PI3K/Akt/p38MAPK (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B/p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase)-dependent and -independent mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin) signaling cascades. We observed that cathepsin K deficiency substantially mitigated neointimal hyperplasia by reduction of Toll-like receptor-2/caspase-8-mediated PLF-1 expression. Interestingly, PLF-1 blocking, with its neutralizing antibody, suppressed neointima formation and remodeling in response to injury in wild-type mice. Contrarily, administration of recombinant mouse PLF-1 accelerated injury-induced vascular actions. Conclusions This is the first study detailing PLF-1 as a communicator between apoptosis and proliferation during injury-related vascular remodeling and neointimal hyperplasia. These data suggested that apoptosis-driven expression of PLF-1 is thus a novel target for treatment of apoptosis-based hyperproliferative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Hu
- Department of Public Health Guilin Medical College Guilin Guangxi China.,Department of Cardiology/Hypertension and Heart Center Yanbian University Hospital Yanji Jilin China.,Department of Community & Geriatrics Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine Nagoya Japan
| | - Zhe Huang
- Department of Neurology Occupational and Environmental Health Kitakyushu Hukuoka Japan
| | - Hideki Ishii
- Department of Cardiology Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine Nagoya Japan
| | - Hongxian Wu
- Department of Cardiology Shanghai General Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
| | - Susumu Suzuki
- Department of Cardiology Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine Nagoya Japan
| | - Aiko Inoue
- Department of Community & Geriatrics Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine Nagoya Japan.,Institute of Innovation for Future Society Nagoya University Nagoya Japan
| | - Weon Kim
- Division of Cardiology Department of Internal Medicine Kyung Hee University Seoul South Korea
| | - Haiying Jiang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology Yanbian University School of Medicine Yanji Jinlin China
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Cardiology/Hypertension and Heart Center Yanbian University Hospital Yanji Jilin China
| | - Enbo Zhu
- Department of Cardiology/Hypertension and Heart Center Yanbian University Hospital Yanji Jilin China
| | - Limei Piao
- Department of Cardiology/Hypertension and Heart Center Yanbian University Hospital Yanji Jilin China.,Department of Community & Geriatrics Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine Nagoya Japan
| | - Guangxian Zhao
- Department of Cardiology/Hypertension and Heart Center Yanbian University Hospital Yanji Jilin China
| | - Yanna Lei
- Department of Cardiology/Hypertension and Heart Center Yanbian University Hospital Yanji Jilin China
| | - Kenji Okumura
- Department of Cardiology Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine Nagoya Japan
| | - Guo-Ping Shi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School Boston MA
| | - Toyoaki Murohara
- Department of Cardiology Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine Nagoya Japan
| | - Masafumi Kuzuya
- Department of Community & Geriatrics Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine Nagoya Japan.,Institute of Innovation for Future Society Nagoya University Nagoya Japan
| | - Xian Wu Cheng
- Department of Cardiology/Hypertension and Heart Center Yanbian University Hospital Yanji Jilin China.,Department of Community & Geriatrics Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine Nagoya Japan.,Division of Cardiology Department of Internal Medicine Kyung Hee University Seoul South Korea.,Institute of Innovation for Future Society Nagoya University Nagoya Japan
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14
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Tsuno H, Arito M, Suematsu N, Sato T, Hashimoto A, Matsui T, Omoteyama K, Sato M, Okamoto K, Tohma S, Kurokawa MS, Kato T. A proteomic analysis of serum-derived exosomes in rheumatoid arthritis. BMC Rheumatol 2018; 2:35. [PMID: 30886985 PMCID: PMC6390805 DOI: 10.1186/s41927-018-0041-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To understand the roles of serum exosomes in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), we comprehensively investigated the protein profiles of serum exosomes in patients with RA. Methods Exosomes were isolated from serum samples obtained from 33 patients (12 with active RA [aRA], 11 with inactive RA [iRA], 10 with osteoarthritis [OA]) and 10 healthy donors (HLs). Proteins extracted from the exosomes were separated by two-dimensional differential gel electrophoresis (2D-DIGE) and identified by mass spectrometry. Results In total, 204 protein spots were detected by 2D-DIGE. In the aRA, iRA, and OA groups, 24, 5, and 7 spots showed approximately ≥ ±1.3-fold intensity differences compared with the HL group, respectively. We were able to identify proteins in six protein spots. Among them, the protein spot identified as Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) showed approximately 6-fold higher intensity in the aRA group than in the other groups. Conclusions Patients with active RA possessed considerably different protein profiles of serum exosomes from patients with iRA, patients with OA, and healthy donors. The unique protein profile of serum exosomes, such as the possession of abundant TLR3 fragments, may reflect the pathophysiology of active RA. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s41927-018-0041-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirotaka Tsuno
- 1Clinical Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, St. Marianna University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-16-1, Sugao, Miyamae, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 216-8511 Japan.,2Department of Rheumatology, National Hospital Organization Sagamihara National Hospital, 18-1, Sakuradai, Minami, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0392 Japan
| | - Mitsumi Arito
- 1Clinical Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, St. Marianna University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-16-1, Sugao, Miyamae, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 216-8511 Japan
| | - Naoya Suematsu
- 1Clinical Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, St. Marianna University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-16-1, Sugao, Miyamae, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 216-8511 Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Sato
- 1Clinical Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, St. Marianna University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-16-1, Sugao, Miyamae, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 216-8511 Japan
| | - Atsushi Hashimoto
- 2Department of Rheumatology, National Hospital Organization Sagamihara National Hospital, 18-1, Sakuradai, Minami, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0392 Japan
| | - Toshihiro Matsui
- 2Department of Rheumatology, National Hospital Organization Sagamihara National Hospital, 18-1, Sakuradai, Minami, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0392 Japan
| | - Kazuki Omoteyama
- 1Clinical Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, St. Marianna University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-16-1, Sugao, Miyamae, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 216-8511 Japan
| | - Masaaki Sato
- 1Clinical Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, St. Marianna University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-16-1, Sugao, Miyamae, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 216-8511 Japan
| | - Kazuki Okamoto
- 5The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, 8-1, Mihogaoka, Osaka, Ibaraki 567-0047 Japan
| | - Shigeto Tohma
- 3National Hospital Organization Tokyo National Hospital, 3-1-1, Takeoka, Kiyose, Tokyo, 204-8585 Japan
| | - Manae S Kurokawa
- 4Disease Biomarker Analysis and Molecular Regulation, St. Marianna University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-16-1, Sugao, Miyamae, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 216-8511 Japan
| | - Tomohiro Kato
- 1Clinical Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, St. Marianna University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-16-1, Sugao, Miyamae, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 216-8511 Japan
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15
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Soki FN, Yoshida R, Paglia DN, Duong LT, Hansen MF, Drissi H. Articular cartilage protection in Ctsk -/- mice is associated with cellular and molecular changes in subchondral bone and cartilage matrix. J Cell Physiol 2018; 233:8666-8676. [PMID: 29781506 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative disease and a major cause of chronic disability in aging individuals. Cathepsin K (CatK), encoded by the Ctsk gene, has been implicated in the pathogenesis of pycnodysostosis and osteoporosis. The use of a selective inhibitor of CatK was recently shown to delay OA progression in rabbits. However, the cellular mechanisms underlying these protective effects remain unexplored. We examined articular cartilage maintenance and joint bone remodeling using Ctsk null mice (Ctsk-/- ) which underwent destabilization of the medial meniscus (DMM). We found that Ctsk-/- mice displayed delayed remodeling of subchondral and calcified cartilage by osteoclasts and chodroclasts respectively in DMM-induced osteoarthritis. While WT mice displayed a more severe OA phenotype than Ctsk-/- mice at 16 weeks, higher subchondral bone volume and lower trabecular spacing were also observed in surgically-induced OA joints of Ctsk-/- mice. However, no differences were seen in non-surgical controls. During OA progression, TRAP+ osteoclast numbers were increased in both WT and Ctsk-/- mice. However, Ctsk-/- mice had fewer physis-derived chondroclasts than WT when OA was present. These data suggest that CatK may differentially regulate chondroclastogenesis in the growth plate. Targeted PCR arrays of RNA harvested from laser captured osteoclasts in the subchondral bone and chondroclasts in the growth plate demonstrated differential expression of Atp6v0d2, Tnfrsf11a, Ca2, Calcr, Ccr1, Gpr68, Itgb3, Nfatc1, and Syk genes between WT and Ctsk-/- mice at 8- and 16-weeks post-DMM. Our data provide insight into the cellular mechanisms by which cathepsin K deletion delays OA progression in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiana N Soki
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut
| | - Ryu Yoshida
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut
| | - David N Paglia
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut
| | - Le T Duong
- Bone Biology, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, Pennsylvania
| | - Marc F Hansen
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut
| | - Hicham Drissi
- Department of Orthopaedics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
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16
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Jing X, Yin W, Tian H, Chen M, Yao X, Zhu W, Guo F, Ye Y. Icariin doped bioactive glasses seeded with rat adipose-derived stem cells to promote bone repair via enhanced osteogenic and angiogenic activities. Life Sci 2018; 202:52-60. [PMID: 29471105 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2017] [Revised: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 02/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Cell communication between mesenchymal stem cells and blood vessel cells are crucial for bone repair. We have previously shown that the phyto-molecule icariin significantly promoted osteogenic differentiation of rat adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs). In the present study, we aimed to investigate the relationship between icariin induced osteogenic differentiation of ASCs and angiogenesis of rat endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs). Besides, we used icariin doped 45S5 Bioglass seeded with ASCs to promote bone healing in rat calvarial bone defect models. MAIN METHODS The conditioned medium from undifferentiated ASCs (ASCs-CM) and icariin induced ASCs (Icariin-ASCs-CM) was obtained and the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) protein secretion level was measured. The angiogenic capacity and molecular mechanism of ASC-CM and Icariin-ASCs-CM on rat EPCs was analyzed. Rat calvarial bone defect models were established and treated with scaffolds implantation. Micro-CT imaging, histological and immunohistological staining were performed on the isolated specimens at 12 weeks post-surgery. KEY FINDINGS VEGF protein expression was significantly increased after icariin treatment with the highest expression in the 10-7 M icariin group. Icariin-ASCs-CM obviously increased the angiogenesis of rat EPCs and this capacity was inhibited by a VEGF/VEGF receptor-specific binding inhibitor bevacizumab. Results of the in vivo investigations showed that all scaffolds promoted bone healing compared to the Control group. Icariin significantly improved the healing capacity of 45S5 Bioglass seeded with ASCs. SIGNIFICANCE Implantation of Icariin/45S5 Bioglass seeded with rat ASCs could obviously promote both osteogenesis and angiogenesis and therefore represents an ideal candidate bone substitutes for bone repair and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingzhi Jing
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Weifeng Yin
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongtao Tian
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengcun Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xudong Yao
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Wentao Zhu
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Fengjing Guo
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yaping Ye
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.
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17
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Miyamoto K, Ohkawara B, Ito M, Masuda A, Hirakawa A, Sakai T, Hiraiwa H, Hamada T, Ishiguro N, Ohno K. Fluoxetine ameliorates cartilage degradation in osteoarthritis by inhibiting Wnt/β-catenin signaling. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0184388. [PMID: 28926590 PMCID: PMC5604944 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0184388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormal activation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling is implicated in the osteoarthritis (OA) pathology. We searched for a pre-approved drug that suppresses abnormally activated Wnt/β-catenin signaling and has a potency to reduce joint pathology in OA. We introduced the TOPFlash reporter plasmid into HCS-2/8 human chondrosarcoma cells to estimate the Wnt/β-catenin activity in the presence of 10 μM each compound in a panel of pre-approved drugs. We found that fluoxetine, an antidepressant in the class of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI), down-regulated Wnt/β-catenin signaling in human chondrosarcoma cells. Fluoxetine inhibited both Wnt3A- and LiCl-induced loss of proteoglycans in chondrogenically differentiated ATDC5 cells. Fluoxetine increased expression of Sox9 (the chondrogenic master regulator), and decreased expressions of Axin2 (a marker for Wnt/β-catenin signaling) and Mmp13 (matrix metalloproteinase 13). Fluoxetine suppressed a LiCl-induced increase of total β-catenin and a LiCl-induced decrease of phosphorylated β-catenin in a dose-dependent manner. An in vitro protein-binding assay showed that fluoxetine enhanced binding of β-catenin with Axin1, which is a scaffold protein forming the degradation complex for β-catenin. Fluoxetine suppressed LiCl-induced β-catenin accumulation in human OA chondrocytes. Intraarticular injection of fluoxetine in a rat OA model ameliorated OA progression and suppressed β-catenin accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Miyamoto
- Division of Neurogenetics, Center for Neurological Diseases and Cancer, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Bisei Ohkawara
- Division of Neurogenetics, Center for Neurological Diseases and Cancer, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Mikako Ito
- Division of Neurogenetics, Center for Neurological Diseases and Cancer, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Akio Masuda
- Division of Neurogenetics, Center for Neurological Diseases and Cancer, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Akihiro Hirakawa
- Center for Advanced Medicine and Clinical Research, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Tadahiro Sakai
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hideki Hiraiwa
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takashi Hamada
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Naoki Ishiguro
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kinji Ohno
- Division of Neurogenetics, Center for Neurological Diseases and Cancer, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
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18
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Montagne K, Onuma Y, Ito Y, Aiki Y, Furukawa KS, Ushida T. High hydrostatic pressure induces pro-osteoarthritic changes in cartilage precursor cells: A transcriptome analysis. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0183226. [PMID: 28813497 PMCID: PMC5558982 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0183226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to the high water content of cartilage, hydrostatic pressure is likely one of the main physical stimuli sensed by chondrocytes. Whereas, in the physiological range (0 to around 10 MPa), hydrostatic pressure exerts mostly pro-chondrogenic effects in chondrocyte models, excessive pressures have been reported to induce detrimental effects on cartilage, such as increased apoptosis and inflammation, and decreased cartilage marker expression. Though some genes modulated by high pressure have been identified, the effects of high pressure on the global gene expression pattern have still not been investigated. In this study, using microarray technology and real-time PCR validation, we analyzed the transcriptome of ATDC5 chondrocyte progenitors submitted to a continuous pressure of 25 MPa for up to 24 h. Several hundreds of genes were found to be modulated by pressure, including some not previously known to be mechano-sensitive. High pressure markedly increased the expression of stress-related genes, apoptosis-related genes and decreased that of cartilage matrix genes. Furthermore, a large set of genes involved in the progression of osteoarthritis were also induced by high pressure, suggesting that hydrostatic pressure could partly mimic in vitro some of the genetic alterations occurring in osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Montagne
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail: (TU); (KM)
| | - Yasuko Onuma
- Biotechnology Research Institute for Drug Discovery, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Yuzuru Ito
- Biotechnology Research Institute for Drug Discovery, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Aiki
- Biotechnology Research Institute for Drug Discovery, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Katsuko S. Furukawa
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Ushida
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail: (TU); (KM)
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19
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Conditional knockdown of hyaluronidase 2 in articular cartilage stimulates osteoarthritic progression in a mice model. Sci Rep 2017; 7:7028. [PMID: 28765635 PMCID: PMC5539311 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-07376-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The catabolism of hyaluronan in articular cartilage remains unclear. The aims of this study were to investigate the effects of hyaluronidase 2 (Hyal2) knockdown in articular cartilage on the development of osteoarthritis (OA) using genetic manipulated mice. Destabilization of the medial meniscus (DMM) model of Col2a promoter specific conditional Hyal2 knockout (Hyal−/−) mice was established and examined. Age related and DMM induced alterations of articular cartilage of knee joint were evaluated with modified Mankin score and immunohistochemical staining of MMP-13, ADAMTS-5, KIAA11199, and biotinylated- hyaluronan binding protein staining in addition to histomorphometrical analyses. Effects of Hyal2 suppression were also analyzed using explant culture of an IL-1α induced articular cartilage degradation model. The amount and size of hyaluronan in articular cartilage were higher in Hyal2−/− mice. Hyal2−/− mice exhibited aggravated cartilage degradation in age-related and DMM induced mice. MMP-13 and ADAMTS-5 positive chondrocytes were significantly higher in Hyal2−/− mice. Articular cartilage was more degraded in explant cultures obtained from Hyal2−/− mice. Knockdown of Hyal2 in articular cartilage induced OA development and progression possibly mediated by an imbalance of HA metabolism. This suggests that Hyal2 knockdown exhibits mucopolysaccharidosis-like OA change in articular cartilage similar to Hyal1 knockdown.
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20
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Mueller AJ, Canty-Laird EG, Clegg PD, Tew SR. Cross-species gene modules emerge from a systems biology approach to osteoarthritis. NPJ Syst Biol Appl 2017. [PMID: 28649440 PMCID: PMC5460168 DOI: 10.1038/s41540-017-0014-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Complexities in degenerative disorders, such as osteoarthritis, arise from multiscale biological, environmental, and temporal perturbations. Animal models serve to provide controlled representations of the natural history of degenerative disorders, but in themselves represent an additional layer of complexity. Comparing transcriptomic networks arising from gene co-expression data across species can facilitate an understanding of the preservation of functional gene modules and establish associations with disease phenotypes. This study demonstrates the preservation of osteoarthritis-associated gene modules, described by immune system and system development processes, across human and rat studies. Class prediction analysis establishes a minimal gene signature, including the expression of the Rho GDP dissociation inhibitor ARHGDIB, which consistently defined healthy human cartilage from osteoarthritic cartilage in an independent data set. The age of human clinical samples remains a strong confounder in defining the underlying gene regulatory mechanisms in osteoarthritis; however, defining preserved gene models across species may facilitate standardization of animal models of osteoarthritis to better represent human disease and control for ageing phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan James Mueller
- Department of Musculoskeletal Biology, Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, William Henry Duncan Building, 6 West Derby Street, Liverpool, L7 8TX UK
| | - Elizabeth G Canty-Laird
- Department of Musculoskeletal Biology, Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, William Henry Duncan Building, 6 West Derby Street, Liverpool, L7 8TX UK.,The MRC-Arthritis Research UK, Centre for Integrated Research into Musculoskeletal Ageing (CIMA), Liverpool, UK
| | - Peter D Clegg
- Department of Musculoskeletal Biology, Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, William Henry Duncan Building, 6 West Derby Street, Liverpool, L7 8TX UK.,The MRC-Arthritis Research UK, Centre for Integrated Research into Musculoskeletal Ageing (CIMA), Liverpool, UK
| | - Simon R Tew
- Department of Musculoskeletal Biology, Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, William Henry Duncan Building, 6 West Derby Street, Liverpool, L7 8TX UK.,The MRC-Arthritis Research UK, Centre for Integrated Research into Musculoskeletal Ageing (CIMA), Liverpool, UK
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21
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Blaker CL, Clarke EC, Little CB. Using mouse models to investigate the pathophysiology, treatment, and prevention of post-traumatic osteoarthritis. J Orthop Res 2017; 35:424-439. [PMID: 27312470 DOI: 10.1002/jor.23343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Post-traumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA) is defined by its development after joint injury. Factors contributing to the risk of PTOA occurring, the rate of progression, and degree of associated disability in any individual, remain incompletely understood. What constitutes an "OA-inducing injury" is not defined. In line with advances in the traumatic brain injury field, we propose the scope of PTOA-inducing injuries be expanded to include not only those causing immediate structural damage and instability (Type I), but also those without initial instability/damage from moderate (Type II) or minor (Type III) loading severity. A review of the literature revealed this full spectrum of potential PTOA subtypes can be modeled in mice, with 27 Type I, 6 Type II, and 4 Type III models identified. Despite limitations due to cartilage anatomy, joint size, and bio-fluid availability, mice offer advantages as preclinical models to study PTOA, particularly genetically modified strains. Histopathology was the most common disease outcome, cartilage more frequently studied than bone or synovium, and meniscus and ligaments rarely evaluated. Other methods used to examine PTOA included gene expression, protein analysis, and imaging. Despite the major issues reported by patients being pain and biomechanical dysfunction, these were the least commonly measured outcomes in mouse models. Informative correlations of simultaneously measured disease outcomes in individual animals, was rarely done in any mouse PTOA model. This review has identified knowledge gaps that need to be addressed to increase understanding and improve prevention and management of PTOA. Preclinical mouse models play a critical role in these endeavors. © 2016 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 35:424-439, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina L Blaker
- Murray Maxwell Biomechanics Laboratory, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Level 10, Kolling Institute B6, Northern Sydney Local Health District, Sydney Medical School Northern, University of Sydney, The Royal North Shore Hospital, St. Leonards, New South Wales, 2065, Australia.,Raymond Purves Bone and Joint Research Laboratories, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Kolling Institute, Northern Sydney Local Health District, Sydney Medical School Northern, University of Sydney, St. Leonards, New South Wales, 2065, Australia
| | - Elizabeth C Clarke
- Murray Maxwell Biomechanics Laboratory, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Level 10, Kolling Institute B6, Northern Sydney Local Health District, Sydney Medical School Northern, University of Sydney, The Royal North Shore Hospital, St. Leonards, New South Wales, 2065, Australia
| | - Christopher B Little
- Raymond Purves Bone and Joint Research Laboratories, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Kolling Institute, Northern Sydney Local Health District, Sydney Medical School Northern, University of Sydney, St. Leonards, New South Wales, 2065, Australia
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22
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Early cathepsin K degradation of type II collagen in vitro and in vivo in articular cartilage. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2016; 24:1461-9. [PMID: 27049030 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2016.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2015] [Revised: 01/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/25/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To characterize the initial events in the cleavage of type II collagen mediated by cathepsin K and demonstrate the presence of the resulting products in human and equine articular osteoarthritic cartilage. DESIGN Equine type II collagen was digested with cathepsin K and the cleavage products characterized by mass spectrometry. Anti-neoepitope antibodies were raised against the most N-terminal cleavage products and used to investigate the progress of collagen cleavage, in vitro, and the presence of cathepsin K-derived products in equine and human osteoarthritic cartilage. RESULTS Six cathepsin K cleavage sites distributed throughout the triple helical region were identified in equine type II collagen. Most of the cleavages occurred following a hydroxyproline residue. The most N-terminal site was within three residues of the previously identified site in bovine type II collagen. Western blotting using anti-neoepitope antibodies showed that the initial cleavages occurred at the N-terminal sites and this was followed by more extensive degradation resulting in products too small to be resolved by SDS gel electrophoresis. Immunohistochemical staining of cartilage sections from equine or human osteoarthritic joints showed staining in lesional areas which was not observed in non-arthritic sites. CONCLUSIONS Cathepsin K cleaves triple helical collagen by erosion from the N-terminus and with subsequent progressive cleavages. The liberated fragments can be detected in osteoarthritic cartilage and may represent useful biomarkers for disease activity.
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Veronesi F, Della Bella E, Cepollaro S, Brogini S, Martini L, Fini M. Novel therapeutic targets in osteoarthritis: Narrative review on knock-out genes involved in disease development in mouse animal models. Cytotherapy 2016; 18:593-612. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2016.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2015] [Revised: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 02/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Brömme D, Panwar P, Turan S. Cathepsin K osteoporosis trials, pycnodysostosis and mouse deficiency models: Commonalities and differences. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2016; 11:457-72. [DOI: 10.1517/17460441.2016.1160884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dieter Brömme
- Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- Centre for Blood Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Preety Panwar
- Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- Centre for Blood Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Serap Turan
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Joint Degradation in a Monkey Model of Collagen-Induced Arthritis: Role of Cathepsin K Based on Biochemical Markers and Histological Evaluation. Int J Rheumatol 2016; 2016:8938916. [PMID: 26949397 PMCID: PMC4754492 DOI: 10.1155/2016/8938916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Revised: 12/24/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of cathepsin K in joint degradation in a model of collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) in cynomolgus monkey was examined using biochemical markers and histology. Joint swelling, urinary C-telopeptide of type II collagen (CTX-II), deoxypyridinoline (DPD), and N- and C-telopeptides of type I collagen (NTX and CTX-I, resp.) were analyzed. Immunohistochemistry of type II collagen, cathepsin K, and CTX-II were performed using joints. Joint swelling reached peak on day 42 and continued at this level. The CTX-II level peaked on day 28 and declined thereafter, while CTX-I, NTX, and DPD reached plateau on day 43. Joint swelling was positively correlated with CTX-II increases on days 20 and 42/43, with increases in CTX-I and NTX/Cr on days 42/43 and 84, and with DPD increases throughout the study period. Intense cathepsin K staining was observed in osteoclasts and in articular cartilage and synovial tissue in arthritic joints. CTX-II was present in the superficial layer of articular cartilage in CIA monkeys. Evidence from biochemical markers suggests that matrix degradation in the CIA model starts with degradation of cartilage, rather than bone resorption. Cathepsin K expressed in osteoclasts, articular cartilage, and synovial tissue may contribute to degradation of cartilage.
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Kozawa E, Cheng XW, Urakawa H, Arai E, Yamada Y, Kitamura S, Sato K, Kuzuya M, Ishiguro N, Nishida Y. Increased expression and activation of cathepsin K in human osteoarthritic cartilage and synovial tissues. J Orthop Res 2016; 34:127-34. [PMID: 26241216 DOI: 10.1002/jor.23005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 07/31/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Few studies have analyzed Cathepsin K (CatK) expression in human osteoarthritic tissues. We investigated CatK expression and activation in human articular cartilage using clinical specimens. Human osteoarthritic cartilage was obtained during surgery of total hip arthroplasty (n = 10), and control cartilage was from that of femoral head replacement for femoral neck fracture (n = 10). CatB, CatK, CatL, CatS, and Cystatin C (CysC) expressions were evaluated immunohistochemically and by real-time PCR. Intracellular CatK protein was quantified by ELISA. Intracellular CatK activity was also investigated. Osteoarthritis (OA) chondrocytes were strongly stained with CatK, particularly in the superficial layer and more damaged areas. CatB, CatL, CatS, and CysC were weakly stained. CatK mRNA expression was significantly higher in OA group compared to that in control group (p = 0.043), whereas those of CatB, CatL, CatS, and CysC did not differ significantly. Mean CatK concentration (4.83 pmol/g protein) in OA chondrocytes was higher than that (3.91 pmol/g protein) in control chondrocytes (p = 0.001). CatK was enzymatically more activated in OA chondrocytes as compared with control chondrocytes. This study, for the first time, revealed increased CatK expression and activation in human OA cartilage, suggesting possible crucial roles for it in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritic change in articular cartilage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eiji Kozawa
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Xian Wu Cheng
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Urakawa
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Eisuke Arai
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yoshihisa Yamada
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nagoya Memorial Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Shinji Kitamura
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nagoya Daini Red Cross Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Koji Sato
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nagoya Daini Red Cross Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masafumi Kuzuya
- Department of Geriatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Naoki Ishiguro
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Nishida
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
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Zhao G, Li Y, Cui L, Li X, Jin Z, Han X, Fang E, Gao Y, Zhou D, Jiang H, Jin X, Piao G, Li X, Yang G, Jin J, Zhu E, Piao M, Piao L, Yuan K, Lei Y, Ding D, Jin C, Nan Y, Cheng X. Increased Circulating Cathepsin K in Patients with Chronic Heart Failure. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0136093. [PMID: 26302400 PMCID: PMC4547812 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0136093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cysteinyl cathepsin K (CatK) is one of the most potent mammalian collagenases involved in cardiovascular disease. Here, we investigated the clinical predictive value of serum CatK levels in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF). We examined 134 patients with CHF, measuring their serum CatK, troponin I, high-sensitive C-reactive protein, and pre-operative N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide levels. The patients were divided into two groups: the 44 patients who showed a left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction (LVEF) < 40% (the “lowLVEF” group) and the 90 patients showing LVEF values ≥ 40% (the “highLVEF” group). The lowLVEF patients had significantly higher serum CatK levels compared to the highLVEF patients (58.4 ± 12.2 vs. 44.7 ± 16.4, P < 0.001). Overall, a linear regression analysis showed that CatK levels correlated negatively with LVEF (r = −0.4, P < 0.001) and positively with LV end-diastolic dimensions (r = 0.2, P < 0.01), LV end-systolic dimensions (r = 0.3, P < 0.001), and left atrial diameters (r = 0.3, P < 0.01). A multiple logistic regression analysis showed that CatK levels were independent predictors of CHF (odds ratio, 0.90; 95% confidence interval, 0.84–0.95; P < 0.01). These data indicate that elevated levels of CatK are closely associated with the presence of CHF and that the measurement of circulating CatK provides a noninvasive method of documenting and monitoring the extent of cardiac remodeling and dysfunction in patients with CHF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangxian Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji, Jilin, P.R., China
| | - Yuzi Li
- Department of Cardiology, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji, Jilin, P.R., China
| | - Lan Cui
- Department of Cardiology, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji, Jilin, P.R., China
- * E-mail: (LC); (XC)
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Cardiology, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji, Jilin, P.R., China
| | - Zhenyi Jin
- Department of Cardiology, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji, Jilin, P.R., China
| | - Xiongyi Han
- Department of Cardiology, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji, Jilin, P.R., China
| | - Ennan Fang
- Department of Cardiology, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji, Jilin, P.R., China
| | - Yihua Gao
- Department of Clinical Examination, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji, Jilin, P.R., China
| | - Dongmei Zhou
- Department of Central Laboratory, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji, Jilin, P.R., China
| | - Haiying Jiang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Yanbian University Medical College, Yanji, Jilin, P.R., China
| | - Xueying Jin
- Department of Cardiology, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji, Jilin, P.R., China
| | - Guanghao Piao
- Department of Cardiology, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji, Jilin, P.R., China
| | - Xiangshan Li
- Department of Central Laboratory, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji, Jilin, P.R., China
| | - Guang Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji, Jilin, P.R., China
| | - Jiyong Jin
- Department of Cardiology, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji, Jilin, P.R., China
| | - Enbo Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji, Jilin, P.R., China
| | - Meina Piao
- Department of Cardiology, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji, Jilin, P.R., China
| | - Limei Piao
- Department of Cardiology, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji, Jilin, P.R., China
| | - Kuichang Yuan
- Department of Cardiology, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji, Jilin, P.R., China
| | - Yanna Lei
- Department of Cardiology, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji, Jilin, P.R., China
| | - Dazhi Ding
- Department of Cardiology, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji, Jilin, P.R., China
| | - Chengzhi Jin
- Department of Clinical Examination, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji, Jilin, P.R., China
| | - Yongshan Nan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji, Jilin P.R., China
| | - Xianwu Cheng
- Department of Cardiology, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji, Jilin, P.R., China
- * E-mail: (LC); (XC)
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Dyment N, Hagiwara Y, Jiang X, Huang J, Adams D, Rowe D. Response of knee fibrocartilage to joint destabilization. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2015; 23:996-1006. [PMID: 25680653 PMCID: PMC4757847 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2015.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2014] [Revised: 01/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/28/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A major challenge to understanding osteoarthritis (OA) pathology is identifying the cellular events that precede the onset of cartilage damage. The objective of this study is to determine the effect of joint destabilization on early changes to fibrocartilage in the joint. DESIGN/METHODS The anterior cruciate ligament was transected in collagen reporter mice (Col1CFP and ColXRFP). Mineralization labels were given every 2 weeks to measure new mineralized cartilage apposition. Novel fluorescent histology of mineralized tissue was used to characterize the changes in fibrocartilage at 2 and 4 weeks post-injury. RESULTS Changes in fibrocartilaginous structures of the joint occur as early as 2 weeks after injury and are well developed by 4 weeks. The alterations are seen in multiple entheses and in the medial surface of the femoral and tibial condyles. In the responding entheses, mineral apposition towards the ligament midsubstance results in thickening of the mineralize fibrocartilage. These changes are associated with increases in ColX-RFP, Col1-CFP reporter activity and alkaline phosphatase enzyme activity. Mineral apposition also occurs in the fibrocartilage of the non-articular regions of the medial condyles by 2 weeks and develops into osteophytes by 4 weeks post-injury. An unexpected observation is punctate expression of tartrate resistant acid phosphatase activity in unmineralized fibrochondrocytes adjacent to active appositional mineralization. DISCUSSION These observations suggest that fibrocartilage activates prior to degradation of the articular cartilage. Thus clinical and histological imaging of fibrocartilage may be an earlier indicator of disease initiation and may indicate a more appropriate time to start preventative treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- N.A Dyment
- Center for Regenerative Medicine and Skeletal Development, School of Dental Medicine, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, New England Musculoskeletal Institute, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06032
| | - Y. Hagiwara
- Center for Regenerative Medicine and Skeletal Development, School of Dental Medicine, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, New England Musculoskeletal Institute, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06032,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nippon Medical School Hospital, Tokyo 113, JAPAN
| | - X. Jiang
- Center for Regenerative Medicine and Skeletal Development, School of Dental Medicine, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, New England Musculoskeletal Institute, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06032
| | - J. Huang
- Center for Regenerative Medicine and Skeletal Development, School of Dental Medicine, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, New England Musculoskeletal Institute, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06032
| | - D.J. Adams
- Center for Regenerative Medicine and Skeletal Development, School of Dental Medicine, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, New England Musculoskeletal Institute, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06032
| | - D.W. Rowe
- Center for Regenerative Medicine and Skeletal Development, School of Dental Medicine, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, New England Musculoskeletal Institute, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06032
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Pi Y, Zhang X, Shao Z, Zhao F, Hu X, Ao Y. Intra-articular delivery of anti-Hif-2α siRNA by chondrocyte-homing nanoparticles to prevent cartilage degeneration in arthritic mice. Gene Ther 2015; 22:439-48. [PMID: 25876463 DOI: 10.1038/gt.2015.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2013] [Revised: 01/15/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Hypoxia-inducible factor-2α (Hif-2α) is a potential therapeutic target for osteoarthritis (OA), but the application of this target in the delivery of therapeutic agents to chondrocytes remains a challenge. A chondrocyte-targeting vector was constructed in a previous study to enhance transfection efficiency and specificity of chondrocytes in vivo. This study used vectors to deliver small-interfering RNA (siRNA) and silenced Hif-2α expression to prevent cartilage degeneration in OA-affected mice. After siRNA transfection was conducted by cartilage-targeting nanoparticles, the protein levels of Hif-2α, matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-13, -9), a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs (ADAMTS-4, -5), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), type X collagen and nuclear factor (NF)-κB in interleukin-1-beta (IL-1β)-stimulated chondrocytes were determined. Chondrocyte-targeting ability was also determined by fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-labeled siRNA tracking under a confocal microscope. OA model was established by surgically destabilizing the knee joints of a mouse. Hif-2α siRNA was then delivered intra-articularly with nanoparticles in vivo. Cartilage degeneration and synovium inflammation in the knee joints were analyzed by histomorphometry. IL-1β levels in the synovial fluid were also measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. In vitro assay results showed that catabolic factors, including Hif-2α, MMP-13 and -9, ADAMTS-4, VEGF, collagen type X and NF-κB, were downregulated after Hif-2α-siRNA transfection by chondrocyte-targeting nanoparticles. In vivo assay results with FITC-labeled siRNA tracking also confirmed that nanoparticles promoted the local concentration and prolonged the retention time of siRNA in the cartilage. Histological analysis results confirmed that nanoparticle-mediated siRNA maintained cartilage integrity and alleviated synovium inflammation. IL-1β levels decreased after siRNA was silenced by nanoparticles. Thus, chondrocyte-targeting nanoparticles could deliver Hif-2α siRNA to cartilage and specifically inhibit the expression of catabolic proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Pi
- Department of Sports Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Sports Injury, Institute of Sports Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, PR China
| | - X Zhang
- Department of Sports Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Sports Injury, Institute of Sports Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, PR China
| | - Z Shao
- Department of Sports Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Sports Injury, Institute of Sports Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, PR China
| | - F Zhao
- Department of Sports Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Sports Injury, Institute of Sports Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, PR China
| | - X Hu
- Department of Sports Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Sports Injury, Institute of Sports Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, PR China
| | - Y Ao
- Department of Sports Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Sports Injury, Institute of Sports Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, PR China
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Kyostio-Moore S, Piraino S, Berthelette P, Moran N, Serriello J, Bendele A, Sookdeo C, Nambiar B, Ewing P, Armentano D, Matthews GL. Overexpression of cystatin C in synovium does not reduce synovitis or cartilage degradation in established osteoarthritis. Arthritis Res Ther 2015; 17:5. [PMID: 25592743 PMCID: PMC4350912 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-015-0519-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2014] [Accepted: 01/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Cathepsin K (catK) expression is increased in cartilage, bone and synovium during osteoarthritis (OA). To study the role of catK expression and elevated cathepsin activity in the synovium on cartilage destruction in established OA, we overexpressed cystatin C (cysC), a natural cysteine protease inhibitor, in the synovium of rabbit OA joints. Methods The ability of cysC to inhibit activity of cathepsins in rabbit OA synovium lysates was tested in vitro using protease activity assay. In vivo, the tissue localization of recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) with LacZ gene after intra-articular injection was determined by β-galactosidase staining of rabbit joints 4 weeks later. To inhibit cathepsin activity in the synovium, a rAAV2-encoding cysC was delivered intra-articularly into rabbit joints 4 weeks after OA was induced by anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT). Seven weeks postinjection, endogenous catK and cysC levels as well as the vector-derived cysC expression in the synovium of normal and OA joints were examined by RNA quantification. Synovial cathepsin activity and catK, catB and catL protein levels were determined by activity and Western blot analyses, respectively. Synovitis and cartilage degradation were evaluated by histopathological scoring. Results In vitro, the ability of cysC to efficiently inhibit activity of purified catK and OA-induced cathepsins in rabbit synovial lysates was demonstrated. In vivo, the intra-articular delivery of rAAV2/LacZ showed transduction of mostly synovium. Induction of OA in rabbit joints resulted in fourfold increase in catK mRNA compared to sham controls while no change was detected in endogenous cysC mRNA levels in the synovium. Protein levels for catK, catB and catL were also increased in the synovium with a concomitant fourfold increase in cathepsin activity. Joints treated with rAAV2/cysC showed both detection of vector genomes and vector-derived cysC transcripts in the synovium. Production of functional cysC by the vector was demonstrated by complete block of cathepsin activity in the synovium. However, this did not decrease synovitis, bone sclerosis or progression of cartilage degradation. Conclusions Increased production of natural cathepsin inhibitor, cysC, in OA synovium does not alleviate synovitis or cartilage pathology during a preexisting OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sirkka Kyostio-Moore
- Gene Therapy, Genzyme, a Sanofi Company, 49 New York Avenue, Framingham, MA, USA.
| | - Susan Piraino
- Gene Therapy, Genzyme, a Sanofi Company, 49 New York Avenue, Framingham, MA, USA.
| | - Patricia Berthelette
- Gene Therapy, Genzyme, a Sanofi Company, 49 New York Avenue, Framingham, MA, USA.
| | - Nance Moran
- Orthopaedic Research, Genzyme, a Sanofi Company, 49 New York Avenue, Framingham, MA, USA.
| | - Joseph Serriello
- Orthopaedic Research, Genzyme, a Sanofi Company, 49 New York Avenue, Framingham, MA, USA.
| | | | - Cathleen Sookdeo
- Gene Therapy, Genzyme, a Sanofi Company, 49 New York Avenue, Framingham, MA, USA.
| | - Bindu Nambiar
- Gene Therapy, Genzyme, a Sanofi Company, 49 New York Avenue, Framingham, MA, USA.
| | - Patty Ewing
- Pathology, Genzyme, a Sanofi Company, 5 Mountain Road, Framingham, MA, USA.
| | - Donna Armentano
- Gene Therapy, Genzyme, a Sanofi Company, 49 New York Avenue, Framingham, MA, USA.
| | - Gloria L Matthews
- Orthopaedic Research, Genzyme, a Sanofi Company, 49 New York Avenue, Framingham, MA, USA.
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Seto SP, Parks AN, Qiu Y, Soslowsky LJ, Karas S, Platt MO, Temenoff JS. Cathepsins in Rotator Cuff Tendinopathy: Identification in Human Chronic Tears and Temporal Induction in a Rat Model. Ann Biomed Eng 2015; 43:2036-46. [PMID: 25558848 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-014-1245-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2014] [Accepted: 12/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
While overuse of the supraspinatus tendon is a leading factor in rotator cuff injury, the underlying biochemical changes have not been fully elucidated. In this study, torn human rotator cuff (supraspinatus) tendon tissue was analyzed for the presence of active cathepsin proteases with multiplex cysteine cathepsin zymography. In addition, an overuse injury to supraspinatus tendons was induced through downhill running in an established rat model. Histological analysis demonstrated that structural damage occurred by 8 weeks of overuse compared to control rats in the region of tendon insertion into bone. In both 4- and 8-week overuse groups, via zymography, there was approximately a 180% increase in cathepsin L activity at the insertion region compared to the controls, while no difference was found in the midsubstance area. Additionally, an over 400% increase in cathepsin K activity was observed for the insertion region of the 4-week overused tendons. More cathepsin K and L immunostaining was observed at the insertion region of the overuse groups compared to controls. These results provide important information on a yet unexplored mechanism for tendon degeneration that may operate alone or in conjunction with other proteases to contribute to chronic tendinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song P Seto
- W.H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, 313 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA,
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Uehara Y, Hirose J, Yamabe S, Okamoto N, Okada T, Oyadomari S, Mizuta H. Endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced apoptosis contributes to articular cartilage degeneration via C/EBP homologous protein. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2014; 22:1007-17. [PMID: 24795271 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2014.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2013] [Revised: 04/18/2014] [Accepted: 04/23/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE When endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, i.e., the excessive accumulation of unfolded proteins in ER, endangers homeostasis, apoptosis is induced by C/EBP homologous protein (Chop). In osteoarthritis (OA) cartilage, Chop expression and apoptosis increase as degeneration progresses. We investigated the role of Chop in murine chondrocyte apoptosis and in the progression of cartilage degeneration. METHOD We induced experimental OA in Chop-knockout (Chop(-/-)) mice by medial collateral ligament transection and meniscectomy and compared cartilage degeneration, apoptosis, and ER stress in Chop(-/-)- and wild-type (Chop(+/+)) mice. In our in vitro experiments we treated murine Chop(-/-) chondrocytes with the ER stress inducer tunicamycin (TM) and evaluated apoptosis, ER stress, and chondrocyte function. RESULTS In vivo, the degree of ER stress was similar in Chop(-/-)- and Chop(+/+) mice. However, in Chop(-/-) mice apoptosis and cartilage degeneration were lower by 26.4% and 42.4% at 4 weeks, by 26.8% and 44.9% at 8 weeks, and by 26.9% and 32.3% at 12 weeks after surgery than Chop(+/+) mice, respectively. In vitro, the degree of ER stress induction by TM was similar in Chop(-/-)- and Chop(+/+) chondrocytes. On the other hand, apoptosis was 55.3% lower and the suppression of collagen type II and aggrecan mRNA was 21.0% and 23.3% less, and the increase of matrix metalloproteinase-13 mRNA was 20.0% less in Chop(-/-)- than Chop(+/+) chondrocytes. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that Chop plays a direct role in chondrocyte apoptosis and that Chop-mediated apoptosis contributes to the progression of cartilage degeneration in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Uehara
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan.
| | - J Hirose
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kumamoto University Hospital, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan.
| | - S Yamabe
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan.
| | - N Okamoto
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan.
| | - T Okada
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan.
| | - S Oyadomari
- Division of Molecular Biology, Institute for Genome Research, The University of Tokushima, 3-18-15 Kuramoto, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan.
| | - H Mizuta
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan.
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Jiang H, Cheng XW, Shi GP, Hu L, Inoue A, Yamamura Y, Wu H, Takeshita K, Li X, Huang Z, Song H, Asai M, Hao CN, Unno K, Koike T, Oshida Y, Okumura K, Murohara T, Kuzuya M. Cathepsin K-mediated Notch1 activation contributes to neovascularization in response to hypoxia. Nat Commun 2014; 5:3838. [PMID: 24894568 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms4838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2014] [Accepted: 04/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Cysteine proteases play important roles in pathobiology. Here we reveal that cathepsin K (CatK) has a role in ischaemia-induced neovascularization. Femoral artery ligation-induced ischaemia in mice increases CatK expression and activity, and CatK-deficient mice show impaired functional recovery following hindlimb ischaemia. CatK deficiency reduces the levels of cleaved Notch1 (c-Notch1), Hes1 Hey1, Hey2, vascular endothelial growth factor, Flt-1 and phospho-Akt proteins of the ischaemic muscles. In endothelial cells, silencing of CatK mimicked, whereas CatK overexpression enhanced, the levels of c-Notch1 and the expression of Notch downstream signalling molecules, suggesting CatK contributes to Notch1 processing and activates downstream signalling. Moreover, CatK knockdown leads to defective endothelial cell invasion, proliferation and tube formation, and CatK deficiency is associated with decreased circulating endothelial progenitor cells-like CD31(+)/c-Kit(+) cells in mice following hindlimb ischaemia. Transplantation of bone marrow-derived mononuclear cells from CatK(+/+) mice restores the impairment of neovascularization in CatK(-/-) mice. We conclude that CatK may be a potential therapeutic target for ischaemic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiying Jiang
- 1] Department of Community Healthcare & Geriatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Aichiken, Japan [2] Department of Sport Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 464-8601, Aichiken, Japan [3] Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Yanbian University School of Medicine, Jilin 133000, Yanji, China [4]
| | - Xian Wu Cheng
- 1] Department of Community Healthcare & Geriatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Aichiken, Japan [2] Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 4668550, Aichiken, Japan [3] Department of Cardiology, Yanbian University Hospital, Jilin 133000, Yanji, China [4] Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital, Seoul1 30-702, Korea [5]
| | - Guo-Ping Shi
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Lina Hu
- Department of Community Healthcare & Geriatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Aichiken, Japan
| | - Aiko Inoue
- Department of Community Healthcare & Geriatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Aichiken, Japan
| | - Yumiko Yamamura
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 4668550, Aichiken, Japan
| | - Hongxian Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 4668550, Aichiken, Japan
| | - Kyosuke Takeshita
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 4668550, Aichiken, Japan
| | - Xiang Li
- 1] Department of Community Healthcare & Geriatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Aichiken, Japan [2] Department of Cardiology, Yanbian University Hospital, Jilin 133000, Yanji, China
| | - Zhe Huang
- Department of Community Healthcare & Geriatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Aichiken, Japan
| | - Haizhen Song
- 1] Department of Community Healthcare & Geriatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Aichiken, Japan [2] Department of Dermatology, No.3 People Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Masashi Asai
- Department of Molecular Medicinal Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8521, Nagasaki-ken, Japan
| | - Chang-Ning Hao
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 4668550, Aichiken, Japan
| | - Kazumasa Unno
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 4668550, Aichiken, Japan
| | - Teruhiro Koike
- Department of Sport Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 464-8601, Aichiken, Japan
| | - Yoshiharu Oshida
- Department of Sport Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 464-8601, Aichiken, Japan
| | - Kenji Okumura
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 4668550, Aichiken, Japan
| | - Toyoaki Murohara
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 4668550, Aichiken, Japan
| | - Masafumi Kuzuya
- Department of Community Healthcare & Geriatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Aichiken, Japan
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Lim NH, Meinjohanns E, Meldal M, Bou-Gharios G, Nagase H. In vivo imaging of MMP-13 activity in the murine destabilised medial meniscus surgical model of osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2014; 22:862-8. [PMID: 24747174 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2014.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2013] [Revised: 03/16/2014] [Accepted: 04/09/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To detect and determine disease severity of osteoarthritis (OA) using a probe activated by matrix metalloproteinase-13 (MMP-13) in vivo in the murine destabilised medial meniscus (DMM) surgical model of OA. DESIGN We have previously described MMP12ap and MMP13ap, internally quenched fluorescent peptide substrate probes that are activated respectively by MMP-12 and MMP-13. Here we used these probes to follow enzyme activity in vivo in mice knees 4, 6 and 8 weeks following DMM surgery. After in vivo optical imaging, disease severity was determined through traditional histological analysis. The amount of probe activation was analysed for discrimination between DMM, contralateral and sham operated knees, as well as for congruence between activity and histological damage. RESULTS There was no specific activation of MMP12ap at the time points observed between sham operated and DMM operated, or their respective contralateral joints. The activation of the MMP13ap in the DMM model was highest 6 weeks after surgery, but was only specific compared against sham surgery 8 weeks after surgery (1.5-fold increase). The activation of MMP13ap correlated with histological damage 6 and 8 weeks after surgery, with correlations of 0.484 (P = 0.0032) and 0.478 respectively (P = 0.0049). This correlation dropped to 0.218 (P = 0.011) if all data were considered. CONCLUSION The current MMP-13 activity probe is suitable for the discrimination between DMM and sham or contralateral knees 8 weeks after surgery, when cartilage loss is typified by the appearance of small fissures up to the tidemark, but not earlier. This activity correlates with the histological damage observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- N H Lim
- Arthritis Research UK Centre for Osteoarthritis Pathogenesis, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, Oxford University, UK.
| | | | - M Meldal
- Nano-Science Center, Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - G Bou-Gharios
- Arthritis Research UK Centre for Osteoarthritis Pathogenesis, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, Oxford University, UK.
| | - H Nagase
- Arthritis Research UK Centre for Osteoarthritis Pathogenesis, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, Oxford University, UK.
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Shi J, Liang Q, Zuscik M, Shen J, Chen D, Xu H, Wang YJ, Chen Y, Wood RW, Li J, Boyce BF, Xing L. Distribution and alteration of lymphatic vessels in knee joints of normal and osteoarthritic mice. Arthritis Rheumatol 2014; 66:657-66. [PMID: 24574226 DOI: 10.1002/art.38278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2012] [Accepted: 11/07/2013] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the distribution and alteration of lymphatic vessels and draining function in knee joints of normal and osteoarthritic mice. METHODS For the mouse models of osteoarthritis (OA), we used mice with meniscal-ligamentous injury or mice with conditional knockout of the gene for cartilage transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) type II receptor. The severity of cartilage loss and joint destruction was assessed histologically. Capillary and mature lymphatic vessels were identified and analyzed using double immunofluorescence staining and a whole-slide digital imaging system. Lymphatic drainage of knee joints was examined using near-infrared lymphatic imaging. Patient joint specimens obtained during total knee or hip arthroplasty were evaluated to verify the content validity of the mouse findings. RESULTS Lymphatic vessels were distributed in soft tissues (mainly around the joint capsule, ligaments, fat pads, and muscles of normal knees). The number of lymphatic vessels, particularly the number of capillaries, was significantly increased in joints of mice with mild OA, while the number of mature lymphatic vessels was markedly decreased in joints of mice with severe OA. OA knees exhibited significantly decreased lymph clearance. The number of both capillary and mature lymphatic vessels was significantly decreased in the joints of patients with OA. CONCLUSION The whole-slide digital imaging system is a powerful tool, enabling the identification and assessment of lymphatic microvasculature in the entire mouse knee. Lymphatic capillaries and mature vessels are present in various soft tissues around articular spaces. Abnormalities of lymphatic vessels and draining function, including significantly reduced numbers of mature vessels and impaired clearance, are present in OA joints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jixiang Shi
- Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China; University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
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Fonović M, Turk B. Cysteine cathepsins and extracellular matrix degradation. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2014; 1840:2560-70. [PMID: 24680817 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2014.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 224] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2014] [Revised: 03/16/2014] [Accepted: 03/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cysteine cathepsins are normally found in the lysosomes where they are involved in intracellular protein turnover. Their ability to degrade the components of the extracellular matrix in vitro was first reported more than 25years ago. However, cathepsins were for a long time not considered to be among the major players in ECM degradation in vivo. During the last decade it has, however, become evident that abundant secretion of cysteine cathepsins into extracellular milieu is accompanying numerous physiological and disease conditions, enabling the cathepsins to degrade extracellular proteins. SCOPE OF VIEW In this review we will focus on cysteine cathepsins and their extracellular functions linked with ECM degradation, including regulation of their activity, which is often enhanced by acidification of the extracellular microenvironment, such as found in the bone resorption lacunae or tumor microenvironment. We will further discuss the ECM substrates of cathepsins with a focus on collagen and elastin, including the importance of that for pathologies. Finally, we will overview the current status of cathepsin inhibitors in clinical development for treatment of ECM-linked diseases, in particular osteoporosis. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS Cysteine cathepsins are among the major proteases involved in ECM remodeling, and their role is not limited to degradation only. Deregulation of their activity is linked with numerous ECM-linked diseases and they are now validated targets in a number of them. Cathepsins S and K are the most attractive targets, especially cathepsin K as a major therapeutic target for osteoporosis with drugs targeting it in advanced clinical trials. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Due to their major role in ECM remodeling cysteine cathepsins have emerged as an important group of therapeutic targets for a number of ECM-related diseases, including, osteoporosis, cancer and cardiovascular diseases. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Matrix-mediated cell behaviour and properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marko Fonović
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular and Structural Biology, Jozef Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; Centre of Excellence for Integrated Approaches in Chemistry and Biology of Proteins, Jamova cesta 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Boris Turk
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular and Structural Biology, Jozef Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; Centre of Excellence for Integrated Approaches in Chemistry and Biology of Proteins, Jamova cesta 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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Miller RE, Lu Y, Tortorella MD, Malfait AM. Genetically Engineered Mouse Models Reveal the Importance of Proteases as Osteoarthritis Drug Targets. Curr Rheumatol Rep 2014; 15:350. [PMID: 23926636 DOI: 10.1007/s11926-013-0350-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
More than two decades of research has revealed a combination of proteases that determine cartilage degradation in osteoarthritis. These include metalloproteinases, which degrade the major macromolecules in cartilage, aggrecan and type II collagen, serine proteases, and cysteine proteases, for example cathepsin K. This review summarizes the function of proteases in osteoarthritis progression, as revealed by studies of genetically engineered mouse models. A brief overview of the biochemical characteristics and features of several important proteases is provided, with the objective of increasing understanding of their function. Published data reveal at least three enzymes to be major targets for osteoarthritis drug development: ADAMTS-5, MMP-13, and cathepsin K. In surgical models of osteoarthritis, mice lacking these enzymes are protected from cartilage damage and, to varying degrees, from bone changes. In-vivo studies targeting these proteases with selective small-molecule inhibitors have been performed for a variety of animal models. Mouse models will provide opportunities for future tests of the therapeutic effect of protease inhibitors, both on progression of structural damage to the joint and on associated pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel E Miller
- Department of Medicine, Section of Rheumatology, Rush University Medical Center, 1611 W. Harrison St., Suite 510, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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Kerckhofs G, Sainz J, Maréchal M, Wevers M, Van de Putte T, Geris L, Schrooten J. Contrast-Enhanced Nanofocus X-Ray Computed Tomography Allows Virtual Three-Dimensional Histopathology and Morphometric Analysis of Osteoarthritis in Small Animal Models. Cartilage 2014; 5:55-65. [PMID: 26069685 PMCID: PMC4297096 DOI: 10.1177/1947603513501175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE One of the early hallmarks of osteoarthritis (OA) is a progressive degeneration of the articular cartilage. Early diagnosis of OA-associated cartilage alterations would be beneficial for disease prevention and control, and for the development of disease-modifying treatments. However, early diagnosis is still hampered by a lack of quantifiable readouts in preclinical models. DESIGN In this study, we have shown the potency of contrast-enhanced nanofocus x-ray computed tomography (CE-nanoCT) to be used for virtual 3-dimensional (3D) histopathology in established mouse models for OA, and we compared with standard histopathology. RESULTS We showed the equivalence of CE-nanoCT images to histopathology for the modified Mankin scoring of the cartilage structure and quality. Additionally, a limited set of 3D cartilage characteristics measured by CE-nanoCT image analysis in a user-independent and semiautomatic manner, that is, average and maximum of the noncalcified cartilage thickness distribution and loss in glycosaminoglycans, was shown to be predictive for the cartilage quality and structure as can be evaluated by histopathological scoring through the use of an empirical model. CONCLUSIONS We have shown that CE-nanoCT is a tool that allows virtual histopathology and 3D morphological quantification of multitissue systems, such as the chondro-osseous junction. It provides faster and more quantitative data on cartilage structure and quality compared with standard histopathology while eliminating user bias. CE-nanoCT thus should allow capturing subtle differences in cartilage characteristics, carefully mapping OA progression and, ultimately, asses the beneficial changes when testing a candidate disease-modifying treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greet Kerckhofs
- Biomechanics Research Unit, Université de Liège, Liège, Belgium,Prometheus, Division of Skeletal Tissue Engineering Leuven, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium,Department of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, KU Leuven, Heverlee, Belgium
| | | | - Marina Maréchal
- Prometheus, Division of Skeletal Tissue Engineering Leuven, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Martine Wevers
- Department of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, KU Leuven, Heverlee, Belgium
| | | | - Liesbet Geris
- Biomechanics Research Unit, Université de Liège, Liège, Belgium,Prometheus, Division of Skeletal Tissue Engineering Leuven, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jan Schrooten
- Prometheus, Division of Skeletal Tissue Engineering Leuven, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium,Department of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, KU Leuven, Heverlee, Belgium
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Hu L, Cheng XW, Song H, Inoue A, Jiang H, Li X, Shi GP, Kozawa E, Okumura K, Kuzuya M. Cathepsin K activity controls injury-related vascular repair in mice. Hypertension 2013; 63:607-15. [PMID: 24343118 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.113.02141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cathepsin K (CatK) is one of the most potent mammalian collagenases. We showed previously the increased expression of CatK in human and animal atherosclerotic lesions. Here, we hypothesized that ablation of CatK mitigates injury-induced neointimal hyperplasia. Male wild-type (CatK(+/+)) and CatK-deficient (CatK(-/-)) mice underwent ligation or a combination of ligation and polyethylene cuff-replacement injuries to the right common carotid artery just proximal to its bifurcation, and they were then processed for morphological and biochemical studies at specific time points. On operative day 28, CatK(-/-) significantly reduced neointimal formation and neovessel formation in both single- and combination-injured arteries compared with the Cat K(+/+) mice. At early time points, CatK(-/-) reduced the lesion macrophage contents and medial smooth muscle cell proliferation, the mRNA levels of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, toll-like receptor-2, toll-like receptor-4, chemokine ligand-12, and the gelatinolytic activity related to matrix metalloproteinase-2/-9. An aorta-explant assay revealed that smooth muscle cell movement was impaired in the CatK(-/-) mice compared with the CatK(+/+) mice. In addition, the smooth muscle cells and macrophages from CatK(-/-) mice had less invasive ability through a reconstituted basement membrane barrier. This vasculoprotective effect was mimicked by Cat inhibition with trans-epoxysuccinyl-L-leucylamido-{4-guanidino} butane (E64d). These results demonstrate an essential role of CatK in neointimal lesion formation in response to injury, possibly via the reduction of toll-like receptor-2/-4-mediated inflammation and smooth muscle cell proliferation, suggesting a novel therapeutic strategy for the control of endovascular treatment-related restenosis by regulating CatK activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Hu
- Department of Community Healthcare and Geriatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsuruma-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan. or
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Fujita M, Cheng XW, Inden Y, Shimano M, Yoshida N, Inoue A, Yamamoto T, Takeshita K, Kyo S, Taguchi N, Shi GP, Kuzuya M, Okumura K, Murohara T. Mechanisms with clinical implications for atrial fibrillation-associated remodeling: cathepsin K expression, regulation, and therapeutic target and biomarker. J Am Heart Assoc 2013; 2:e000503. [PMID: 24342995 PMCID: PMC3886768 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.113.000503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The cysteine protease cathepsin K (CatK) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease. We sought to determine the link between atrial fibrillation (AF) and plasma CatK levels and to investigate the expression of and therapeutic target for CatK in vivo and in vitro. METHODS AND RESULTS Plasma CatK and extracellular matrix protein peptides (intact procollagen type I of N-terminal propeptide; carboxyl-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen [ICTP]) were measured in 209 consecutive patients with AF (paroxysmal AF, 146; persistent AF, 63) and 112 control subjects. In addition, the regulation of CatK expression was investigated in vivo and vitro. Patients with AF had higher plasma CatK and ICTP levels than did control subjects. Patients with persistent AF had higher levels of plasma CatK and ICTP than did patients with paroxysmal AF. CatK was correlated with ICTP concentration and left atrial diameter in all subjects. In rabbits, superoxide production, CatK activity, fibrosis, and the levels of atrial tissue angiotensin II, angiotensin type 1 receptor, gp91phox, phospho-p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, and CatK were greater in those with tachypacing-induced AF than in controls, and these changes were reversed with angiotensin type 1 receptor antagonist. Olmesartan and mitogen-activated protein kinase inhibitor decreased the CatK expression induced by angiotensin II in rat neonatal myocytes. CONCLUSIONS These data indicated that increased plasma CatK levels are linked with the presence of AF. Angiotensin type 1 receptor antagonist appears to be effective in alleviating atrial fibrosis in a rabbit AF model, partly reducing angiotensin type 1 receptor-p38mitogen-activated protein kinase-dependent and -independent CatK activation, thus preventing AF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaya Fujita
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
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Bateman JF, Rowley L, Belluoccio D, Chan B, Bell K, Fosang AJ, Little CB. Transcriptomics of wild-type mice and mice lacking ADAMTS-5 activity identifies genes involved in osteoarthritis initiation and cartilage destruction. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 65:1547-60. [PMID: 23436205 DOI: 10.1002/art.37900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2012] [Accepted: 02/05/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify changes in gene expression in mice with osteoarthritis (OA) in order to explore the mechanisms of the disease. METHODS Gene expression profiling was performed in cartilage from mice with surgically induced OA. We used wild-type (WT) mice and Adamts5Δcat mice, in which ADAMTS-5 activity is lacking and aggrecan loss and cartilage erosion are inhibited, to distinguish gene expression changes that are independent of ADAMTS-5 activity and cartilage breakdown. Mechanical instability was introduced into the knee joints of 10-week-old male mice via surgical destabilization of the medial meniscus (DMM). Cartilage from the developing lesion in the destabilized medial meniscus and corresponding regions in sham-operated joints was harvested by microdissection at 1, 2, and 6 weeks postsurgery, and RNA was extracted, amplified, and hybridized to whole-genome microarrays. RESULTS Several previously identified OA-related genes, including Ptgs2, Crlf1, and Inhba, and novel genes, such as Phdla2 and Il11, were up-regulated in both WT mice and Adamts5Δcat mice, indicating that they are independent of ADAMTS-5 activity. The altered expression of other genes, including Col10a1, the sentinel marker of cartilage hypertrophy, and Wnt/β-catenin pathway genes, required ADAMTS-5 activity. Cell death pathway genes were dysregulated, and Tp53, Foxo4, and Xbp1 endoplasmic reticulum-stress transcriptional networks were activated. Analysis of degradome genes identified up-regulation of many proteases, including Mmp3, Capn2, and the novel cartilage proteases Prss46 and Klk8. Comparison with other studies identified 16 genes also dysregulated in rat and human OA as priorities for study. CONCLUSION We have identified, for the first time, several genes that have an ADAMTS-5-independent role in OA, identifying them as possible OA initiation candidates. This work provides new insights into the sequence of gene dysregulation and the molecular basis of cartilage destruction in OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- John F Bateman
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute and University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
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Little CB, Hunter DJ. Post-traumatic osteoarthritis: from mouse models to clinical trials. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2013; 9:485-97. [PMID: 23689231 DOI: 10.1038/nrrheum.2013.72] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA), the most common of all arthropathies, is a leading cause of disability and has a large (and growing) worldwide socioeconomic cost. Despite its burgeoning importance, translation of disease-modifying OA therapies from the laboratory into clinical practice has slowed. Differences between the OA models studied preclinically and the disease evaluated in human clinical trials contribute to this failure. Most animal models of OA induce disease through surgical or mechanical disruption of joint biomechanics in young individuals rather than the spontaneous development of age-associated disease. This instability-induced joint disease in animals best models the arthritis that develops in humans after an injurious event, known as post-traumatic OA (PTOA). Studies in genetically modified mice suggest that PTOA has a distinct molecular pathophysiology compared with that of spontaneous OA, which might explain the poor translation from preclinical to clinical OA therapeutic trials. This Review summarizes the latest data on potential molecular targets for PTOA prevention and modification derived from studies in genetically modified mice, and describes their validation in preclinical therapeutic trials. This article focuses on how these findings might best be translated to humans, and identifies the potential challenges to successful implementation of clinical trials of disease-modifying drugs for PTOA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher B Little
- Raymond Purves Bone and Joint Research Laboratories, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, University of Sydney at Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia. christopher.little@ sydney.edu.au
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Dejica VM, Mort JS, Laverty S, Antoniou J, Zukor DJ, Tanzer M, Poole AR. Increased type II collagen cleavage by cathepsin K and collagenase activities with aging and osteoarthritis in human articular cartilage. Arthritis Res Ther 2012; 14:R113. [PMID: 22584047 PMCID: PMC3446490 DOI: 10.1186/ar3839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2011] [Revised: 04/08/2012] [Accepted: 05/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The intra-helical cleavage of type II collagen by proteases, including collagenases and cathepsin K, is increased with aging and osteoarthritis (OA) in cartilage as determined by immunochemical assays. The distinct sites of collagen cleavage generated by collagenases and cathepsin K in healthy and OA human femoral condylar cartilages were identified and compared. Methods Fixed frozen cartilage sections were examined immunohistochemically, using antibodies that react with the collagenase-generated cleavage neoepitopes, C2C and C1,2C, and the primary cleavage neoepitope (C2K) generated in type II collagen by the action of cathepsin K and possibly by other proteases, but not by any collagenases studied to date. Results In most cases, the staining patterns for collagen cleavage were similar for all three epitopes: weak to moderate mainly pericellular staining in non-OA cartilage from younger individuals and stronger, more widespread staining in aging and OA cartilages that often extended from the superficial to the mid/deep zone of the tissue. In very degenerate OA specimens, with significant disruption of the articular surface, staining was distributed throughout most of the cartilage matrix. Conclusions Cleavage of collagen by proteases usually arises pericellularly around chondrocytes at and near the articular surface, subsequently becoming more intense and extending progressively deeper into the cartilage with aging and OA. The close correspondence between the distributions of these products suggests that both collagenases and cathepsin K, and other proteases that may generate this distinct cathepsin K cleavage site, are usually active in the same sites in the degradation of type II collagen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria M Dejica
- Genetics Unit, Shriners Hospitals for Children, 1529 Cedar Avenue, Montreal, QC H3G 1A6, Canada
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