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Chen W, Lu Y, Zhang Y, Wu J, McVicar A, Chen Y, Zhu S, Zhu G, Lu Y, Zhang J, McConnell M, Li YP. Cbfβ regulates Wnt/β-catenin, Hippo/Yap, and Tgfβ signaling pathways in articular cartilage homeostasis and protects from ACLT surgery-induced osteoarthritis. eLife 2024; 13:e95640. [PMID: 38805545 DOI: 10.7554/elife.95640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
As the most common degenerative joint disease, osteoarthritis (OA) contributes significantly to pain and disability during aging. Several genes of interest involved in articular cartilage damage in OA have been identified. However, the direct causes of OA are poorly understood. Evaluating the public human RNA-seq dataset showed that CBFB (subunit of a heterodimeric Cbfβ/Runx1, Runx2, or Runx3 complex) expression is decreased in the cartilage of patients with OA. Here, we found that the chondrocyte-specific deletion of Cbfb in tamoxifen-induced Cbfbf/f;Col2a1-CreERT mice caused a spontaneous OA phenotype, worn articular cartilage, increased inflammation, and osteophytes. RNA-sequencing analysis showed that Cbfβ deficiency in articular cartilage resulted in reduced cartilage regeneration, increased canonical Wnt signaling and inflammatory response, and decreased Hippo/Yap signaling and Tgfβ signaling. Immunostaining and western blot validated these RNA-seq analysis results. ACLT surgery-induced OA decreased Cbfβ and Yap expression and increased active β-catenin expression in articular cartilage, while local AAV-mediated Cbfb overexpression promoted Yap expression and diminished active β-catenin expression in OA lesions. Remarkably, AAV-mediated Cbfb overexpression in knee joints of mice with OA showed the significant protective effect of Cbfβ on articular cartilage in the ACLT OA mouse model. Overall, this study, using loss-of-function and gain-of-function approaches, uncovered that low expression of Cbfβ may be the cause of OA. Moreover, Local admission of Cbfb may rescue and protect OA through decreasing Wnt/β-catenin signaling, and increasing Hippo/Yap signaling and Tgfβ/Smad2/3 signaling in OA articular cartilage, indicating that local Cbfb overexpression could be an effective strategy for treatment of OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Chen
- Division in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, United States
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, United States
| | - Yun Lu
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, United States
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, United States
| | - Jinjin Wu
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, United States
| | - Abigail McVicar
- Division in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, United States
| | - Yilin Chen
- Division in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, United States
| | - Siyu Zhu
- Division in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, United States
| | - Guochun Zhu
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, United States
| | - You Lu
- Division in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, United States
| | - Jiayang Zhang
- Division in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, United States
| | - Matthew McConnell
- Division in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, United States
| | - Yi-Ping Li
- Division in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, United States
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, United States
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Iacobescu GL, Iacobescu L, Popa MIG, Covache-Busuioc RA, Corlatescu AD, Cirstoiu C. Genomic Determinants of Knee Joint Biomechanics: An Exploration into the Molecular Basis of Locomotor Function, a Narrative Review. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2024; 46:1237-1258. [PMID: 38392197 PMCID: PMC10888373 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46020079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the nexus between genetics and biomechanics has garnered significant attention, elucidating the role of genomic determinants in shaping the biomechanical attributes of human joints, specifically the knee. This review seeks to provide a comprehensive exploration of the molecular basis underlying knee joint locomotor function. Leveraging advancements in genomic sequencing, we identified specific genetic markers and polymorphisms tied to key biomechanical features of the knee, such as ligament elasticity, meniscal resilience, and cartilage health. Particular attention was devoted to collagen genes like COL1A1 and COL5A1 and their influence on ligamentous strength and injury susceptibility. We further investigated the genetic underpinnings of knee osteoarthritis onset and progression, as well as the potential for personalized rehabilitation strategies tailored to an individual's genetic profile. We reviewed the impact of genetic factors on knee biomechanics and highlighted the importance of personalized orthopedic interventions. The results hold significant implications for injury prevention, treatment optimization, and the future of regenerative medicine, targeting not only knee joint health but joint health in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgian-Longin Iacobescu
- Orthopaedics and Traumatology Department, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
- University Emergency Hospital, 050098 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Loredana Iacobescu
- Orthopaedics and Traumatology Department, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
- University Emergency Hospital, 050098 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mihnea Ioan Gabriel Popa
- Orthopaedics and Traumatology Department, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
- University Emergency Hospital, 050098 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Razvan-Adrian Covache-Busuioc
- Orthopaedics and Traumatology Department, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Antonio-Daniel Corlatescu
- Orthopaedics and Traumatology Department, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Catalin Cirstoiu
- Orthopaedics and Traumatology Department, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
- University Emergency Hospital, 050098 Bucharest, Romania
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Chen W, Lu Y, Zhang Y, Wu J, McVicar A, Chen Y, Zhu S, Zhu G, Lu Y, Zhang J, McConnell M, Li YP. Cbfβ regulates Wnt/β-catenin, Hippo/Yap, and TGFβ signaling pathways in articular cartilage homeostasis and protects from ACLT surgery-induced osteoarthritis. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.15.575763. [PMID: 38293189 PMCID: PMC10827176 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.15.575763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
As the most common degenerative joint disease, osteoarthritis (OA) contributes significantly to pain and disability during aging. Several genes of interest involved in articular cartilage damage in OA have been identified. However, the direct causes of OA are poorly understood. Evaluating the public human RNA-seq dataset showed that Cbfβ, (subunit of a heterodimeric Cbfβ/Runx1,Runx2, or Runx3 complex) expression is decreased in the cartilage of patients with OA. Here, we found that the chondrocyte-specific deletion of Cbfβ in tamoxifen-induced Cbfβf/fCol2α1-CreERT mice caused a spontaneous OA phenotype, worn articular cartilage, increased inflammation, and osteophytes. RNA-sequencing analysis showed that Cbfβ deficiency in articular cartilage resulted in reduced cartilage regeneration, increased canonical Wnt signaling and inflammatory response, and decreased Hippo/YAP signaling and TGF-β signaling. Immunostaining and western blot validated these RNA-seq analysis results. ACLT surgery-induced OA decreased Cbfβ and Yap expression and increased active β-catenin expression in articular cartilage, while local AAV-mediated Cbfβ overexpression promoted Yap expression and diminished active β-catenin expression in OA lesions. Remarkably, AAV-mediated Cbfβ overexpression in knee joints of mice with OA showed the significant protective effect of Cbfβ on articular cartilage in the ACLT OA mouse model. Overall, this study, using loss-of-function and gain-of-function approaches, uncovered that low expression of Cbfβ may be the cause of OA. Moreover, Local admission of Cbfβ may rescue and protect OA through decreasing Wnt/β-catenin signaling, and increasing Hippo/Yap signaling and TGFβ/Smad2/3 signaling in OA articular cartilage, indicating that local Cbfβ overexpression could be an effective strategy for treatment of OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Chen
- Division in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Yun Lu
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Jinjin Wu
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Abigail McVicar
- Division in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Yilin Chen
- Division in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Siyu Zhu
- Division in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Guochun Zhu
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - You Lu
- Division in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Jiayang Zhang
- Division in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Matthew McConnell
- Division in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Yi-Ping Li
- Division in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
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Zhao Y, Mu Y, Zou Y, Lei X, Ji R, Wei B, Wei T, Lu T, He Z, Wang X, Li W, Gao B. Integrated analysis of single-cell transcriptome and structural biology approach reveals the dynamics changes of NP subtypes and roles of Menaquinone in attenuating intervertebral disc degeneration. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023:1-24. [PMID: 37902557 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2275172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
Intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) is a progressive and chronic disease, the mechanisms have been studied extensively as a whole, while the cellular heterogeneity of cells in nucleus pulposus (NP) tissues remained controversial for a long time. This study conducted integrated analysis through single-cell sequencing analysis, weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), and differential expression analysis, to systematically decipher the longitudinal alterations of distinct NP subtypes, and also analyzed the most essential genes in the development of IDD. Then, this study further conducted structural biology method to discover the potential lead compounds through a suite of advanced approaches like high-throughput screening (HTVS), pharmaceutical characteristics assessment, CDOCKER module as well as molecular dynamics simulation, etc., aiming to ameliorate the progression of IDD. Totally 5 NP subpopulations were identified with distinct biological functions based on their unique gene expression patterns. The predominant dynamics changes mainly involved RegNPs and EffNPs, the RegNPs were mainly aggregated in normal NP tissues and drastically decreased in degenerative NP, while EffNPs, as pathogenic subtype, exhibited opposite phenomenon. Importantly, this study further reported the essential roles of Menaquinone in alleviating degenerative NP cells for the first time, which could provide solid evidence for the application of nutritional therapy in the treatment of IDD. This study combined scRNA-seq, bulk-RNA seq and HTVS techniques to systematically decipher the longitudinal changes of NP subtypes during IDD. EffNPs were considered to be 'chief culprit' in IDD progression, while the novel natural drug Menaquinone could reverse this phenomenon.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingjing Zhao
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yuxue Mu
- Aerospace Clinical Medical Center, School of Aerospace Medicine, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yujia Zou
- China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Jilin, China
- Department of Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to School of Medicine, Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Lei
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Rui Ji
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Bingqian Wei
- Basic Medical College, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Tianyu Wei
- Basic Medical College, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Tianxing Lu
- Zonglian College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhijian He
- Department of Sports Teaching and Research, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xinhui Wang
- Department of Oncology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical College, Xinxiang, China
| | - Weihang Li
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Bo Gao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
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5
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Chondrocyte Hypertrophy in Osteoarthritis: Mechanistic Studies and Models for the Identification of New Therapeutic Strategies. Cells 2022; 11:cells11244034. [PMID: 36552796 PMCID: PMC9777397 DOI: 10.3390/cells11244034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Articular cartilage shows limited self-healing ability owing to its low cellularity and avascularity. Untreated cartilage defects display an increased propensity to degenerate, leading to osteoarthritis (OA). During OA progression, articular chondrocytes are subjected to significant alterations in gene expression and phenotype, including a shift towards a hypertrophic-like state (with the expression of collagen type X, matrix metalloproteinases-13, and alkaline phosphatase) analogous to what eventuates during endochondral ossification. Present OA management strategies focus, however, exclusively on cartilage inflammation and degradation. A better understanding of the hypertrophic chondrocyte phenotype in OA might give new insights into its pathogenesis, suggesting potential disease-modifying therapeutic approaches. Recent developments in the field of cellular/molecular biology and tissue engineering proceeded in the direction of contrasting the onset of this hypertrophic phenotype, but knowledge gaps in the cause-effect of these processes are still present. In this review we will highlight the possible advantages and drawbacks of using this approach as a therapeutic strategy while focusing on the experimental models necessary for a better understanding of the phenomenon. Specifically, we will discuss in brief the cellular signaling pathways associated with the onset of a hypertrophic phenotype in chondrocytes during the progression of OA and will analyze in depth the advantages and disadvantages of various models that have been used to mimic it. Afterwards, we will present the strategies developed and proposed to impede chondrocyte hypertrophy and cartilage matrix mineralization/calcification. Finally, we will examine the future perspectives of OA therapeutic strategies.
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Gerwin N, Scotti C, Halleux C, Fornaro M, Elliott J, Zhang Y, Johnson K, Shi J, Walter S, Li Y, Jacobi C, Laplanche N, Belaud M, Paul J, Glowacki G, Peters T, Wharton KA, Vostiar I, Polus F, Kramer I, Guth S, Seroutou A, Choudhury S, Laurent D, Gimbel J, Goldhahn J, Schieker M, Brachat S, Roubenoff R, Kneissel M. Angiopoietin-like 3-derivative LNA043 for cartilage regeneration in osteoarthritis: a randomized phase 1 trial. Nat Med 2022; 28:2633-2645. [PMID: 36456835 PMCID: PMC9800282 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-022-02059-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common, debilitating, chronic disease with no disease-modifying drug approved to date. We discovered LNA043-a derivative of angiopoietin-like 3 (ANGPTL3)-as a potent chondrogenesis inducer using a phenotypic screen with human mesenchymal stem cells. We show that LNA043 promotes chondrogenesis and cartilage matrix synthesis in vitro and regenerates hyaline articular cartilage in preclinical OA and cartilage injury models in vivo. LNA043 exerts at least part of these effects through binding to the fibronectin receptor, integrin α5β1 on mesenchymal stem cells and chondrocytes. In a first-in-human (phase 1), randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, single ascending dose, single-center trial ( NCT02491281 ; sponsored by Novartis Pharmaceuticals), 28 patients with knee OA were injected intra-articularly with LNA043 or placebo (3:1 ratio) either 2 h, 7 d or 21 d before total knee replacement. LNA043 met its primary safety endpoint and showed short serum pharmacokinetics, cartilage penetration and a lack of immunogenicity (secondary endpoints). Post-hoc transcriptomics profiling of cartilage revealed that a single LNA043 injection reverses the OA transcriptome signature over at least 21 d, inducing the expression of hyaline cartilage matrix components and anabolic signaling pathways, while suppressing mediators of OA progression. LNA043 is a novel disease-modifying OA drug candidate that is currently in a phase 2b trial ( NCT04864392 ) in patients with knee OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Gerwin
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland.
| | | | | | - Mara Fornaro
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jimmy Elliott
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Yunyu Zhang
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Jian Shi
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Sandra Walter
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Yufei Li
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Carsten Jacobi
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Nelly Laplanche
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Magali Belaud
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Thomas Peters
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Igor Vostiar
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Florine Polus
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ina Kramer
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sabine Guth
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Didier Laurent
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Jörg Goldhahn
- Institute for Translational Medicine, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | | | - Sophie Brachat
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
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Stage-Dependent Activity and Pro-Chondrogenic Function of PI3K/AKT during Cartilage Neogenesis from Mesenchymal Stromal Cells. Cells 2022; 11:cells11192965. [PMID: 36230927 PMCID: PMC9563299 DOI: 10.3390/cells11192965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Differentiating mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) into articular chondrocytes (ACs) for application in clinical cartilage regeneration requires a profound understanding of signaling pathways regulating stem cell chondrogenesis and hypertrophic degeneration. Classifying endochondral signals into drivers of chondrogenic speed versus hypertrophy, we here focused on insulin/insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1)-induced phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT signaling. Aware of its proliferative function during early but not late MSC chondrogenesis, we aimed to unravel the late pro-chondrogenic versus pro-hypertrophic PI3K/AKT role. PI3K/AKT activity in human MSC and AC chondrogenic 3D cultures was assessed via Western blot detection of phosphorylated AKT. The effects of PI3K inhibition with LY294002 on chondrogenesis and hypertrophy were assessed via histology, qPCR, the quantification of proteoglycans, and alkaline phosphatase activity. Being repressed by ACs, PI3K/AKT activity transiently rose in differentiating MSCs independent of TGFβ or endogenous BMP/WNT activity and climaxed around day 21. PI3K/AKT inhibition from day 21 on equally reduced chondrocyte and hypertrophy markers. Proving important for TGFβ-induced SMAD2 phosphorylation and SOX9 accumulation, PI3K/AKT activity was here identified as a required stage-dependent driver of chondrogenic speed but not of hypertrophy. Thus, future attempts to improve MSC chondrogenesis will depend on the adequate stimulation and upregulation of PI3K/AKT activity to generate high-quality cartilage from human MSCs.
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Primary Cilia: A Cellular Regulator of Articular Cartilage Degeneration. Stem Cells Int 2022; 2022:2560441. [PMID: 36193252 PMCID: PMC9525753 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2560441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common joint disease that can cause pain and disability in adults. The main pathological characteristic of OA is cartilage degeneration, which is caused by chondrocyte apoptosis, cartilage matrix degradation, and inflammatory factor destruction. The current treatment for patients with OA focuses on delaying its progression, such as oral anti-inflammatory analgesics or injection of sodium gluconate into the joint cavity. Primary cilia are an important structure involved in cellular signal transduction. Thus, they are very sensitive to mechanical and physicochemical stimuli. It is reported that the primary cilia may play an important role in the development of OA. Here, we review the correlation between the morphology (location, length, incidence, and orientation) of chondrocyte primary cilia and OA and summarize the relevant signaling pathways in chondrocytes that could regulate the OA process through primary cilia, including Hedgehog, Wnt, and inflammation-related signaling pathways. These data provide new ideas for OA treatment.
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Aulin C, Larsson S, Vogl T, Roth J, Åkesson A, Swärd P, Heinbäck R, Erlandsson Harris H, Struglics A. The alarmins high mobility group box protein 1 and S100A8/A9 display different inflammatory profiles after acute knee injury. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2022; 30:1198-1209. [PMID: 35809846 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2022.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the concentrations of high mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1) and S100A8/A9 in synovial fluid between patients with knee injuries and osteoarthritis (OA), and knee healthy subjects. To investigate associations of alarmin levels with different joint injuries and with biomarkers of inflammation, Wnt signaling, complement system, bone and cartilage degradation. METHODS HMGB1 and S100A8/A9 were measured in synovial fluid by immunoassays in patients with knee injuries, with OA and from knee healthy subjects, and were related to time from injury and with biomarkers obtained from previous studies. Hierarchical cluster and enrichment analyses of biomarkers associated to HMGB1 and S100A8/A9 were performed. RESULTS The synovial fluid HMGB1 and S100A8/A9 concentrations were increased early after knee injury; S100A8/A9 levels were negatively associated to time after injury and was lower in the old compared to recent injury group, while HMGB1 was not associated to time after injury. The S100A8/A9 levels were also increased in OA. The initial inflammatory response was similar between the alarmins, and HMGB1 and S100A8/A9 shared 9 out of 20 enriched pathways. The alarmins displayed distinct response profiles, HMGB1 being associated to cartilage biomarkers while S100A8/A9 was associated to proinflammatory cytokines. CONCLUSIONS HMGB1 and S100A8/A9 are increased as an immediate response to knee trauma. While they share many features in inflammatory and immunoregulatory mechanisms, S100A8/A9 and HMGB1 are associated to different downstream responses, which may have impact on the OA progression after acute knee injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Aulin
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, and Division of Rheumatology, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - S Larsson
- Lund University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Orthopaedics, Lund, Sweden
| | - T Vogl
- University of Muenster, Institute of Immunology, Münster, Germany
| | - J Roth
- University of Muenster, Institute of Immunology, Münster, Germany
| | - A Åkesson
- Clinical Studies Sweden, Forum South, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - P Swärd
- Lund University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Orthopaedics, Lund, Sweden
| | - R Heinbäck
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, and Division of Rheumatology, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - H Erlandsson Harris
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, and Division of Rheumatology, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden; Broegelmann Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - A Struglics
- Lund University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Orthopaedics, Lund, Sweden
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Pothiawala A, Sahbazoglu BE, Ang BK, Matthias N, Pei G, Yan Q, Davis BR, Huard J, Zhao Z, Nakayama N. GDF5+ chondroprogenitors derived from human pluripotent stem cells preferentially form permanent chondrocytes. Development 2022; 149:dev196220. [PMID: 35451016 PMCID: PMC9245189 DOI: 10.1242/dev.196220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
It has been established in the mouse model that during embryogenesis joint cartilage is generated from a specialized progenitor cell type, distinct from that responsible for the formation of growth plate cartilage. We recently found that mesodermal progeny of human pluripotent stem cells gave rise to two types of chondrogenic mesenchymal cells in culture: SOX9+ and GDF5+ cells. The fast-growing SOX9+ cells formed in vitro cartilage that expressed chondrocyte hypertrophy markers and readily underwent mineralization after ectopic transplantation. In contrast, the slowly growing GDF5+ cells derived from SOX9+ cells formed cartilage that tended to express low to undetectable levels of chondrocyte hypertrophy markers, but expressed PRG4, a marker of embryonic articular chondrocytes. The GDF5+-derived cartilage remained largely unmineralized in vivo. Interestingly, chondrocytes derived from the GDF5+ cells seemed to elicit these activities via non-cell-autonomous mechanisms. Genome-wide transcriptomic analyses suggested that GDF5+ cells might contain a teno/ligamento-genic potential, whereas SOX9+ cells resembled neural crest-like progeny-derived chondroprogenitors. Thus, human pluripotent stem cell-derived GDF5+ cells specified to generate permanent-like cartilage seem to emerge coincidentally with the commitment of the SOX9+ progeny to the tendon/ligament lineage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azim Pothiawala
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Berke E. Sahbazoglu
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Bryan K. Ang
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Nadine Matthias
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Guangsheng Pei
- Center for Precision Health, School of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Qing Yan
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Brian R. Davis
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Johnny Huard
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Center for Regenerative and Personalized Medicine, Steadman Philippon Research Institute, Vail, CO 81657, USA
| | - Zhongming Zhao
- Center for Precision Health, School of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Naoki Nakayama
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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11
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Protective role of microRNA-23a/b-3p inhibition against osteoarthritis through Gremlin1-depenent activation of TGF-β/smad signaling in chondrocytesa. Inflammopharmacology 2022; 30:843-853. [PMID: 35441352 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-022-00923-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The changed biomechanical environment of chondrocytes elicited by altered extracellular matrix is reported to accelerate the progression of OA. MicroRNAs (miRNAs or miRs) have emerged as major regulators in chondrocyte function. Hence, we explored effect of miR-23a/b-3p on OA in regulating chondrocyte growth. The medial meniscus and anterior cruciate ligaments of right knee was removed to induce a mouse model of OA. miR-23a/b-3p and Gremlin1 (Grem1) expressions in OA were determined by RT-qPCR. Dual luciferase reporter gene assay was conducted to assess their relationship in the context of OA. Loss- and gain-of-function assays were adopted to clarify their effects on OA by determining the release of pro-inflammatory proteins and the apoptosis of chondrocytes. RT-qPCR determined increased miR-23a/b-3p expression and decreased Grem1 expression in the setting OA. Inhibiting miR-23a/b-3p or overexpressing Grem1 activated transforming growth factor-β/solvated metal atom dispersed 3 (TGF-β/Smad) signaling to prevent OA development. Silencing Grem1 ablated suppressive effects of miR-23a/b-3p inhibitor on the release of pro-inflammatory proteins and the apoptosis of chondrocytes. To conclude, inhibition of miR-23a/b-3p delays OA progression through Grem1-mediated activation of TGF-β/Smad signaling, contributing to deepen understanding of the pathogenesis of OA.
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12
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Grem1 accelerates nucleus pulposus cell apoptosis and intervertebral disc degeneration by inhibiting TGF-β-mediated Smad2/3 phosphorylation. Exp Mol Med 2022; 54:518-530. [PMID: 35440754 PMCID: PMC9076866 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-022-00753-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) is a main cause of low back pain, and inflammatory factors play key roles in its pathogenesis. Gremlin-1 (Grem1) was reported to induce an inflammatory response in other fields. This study aimed to investigate the mechanisms of Grem1 in the degenerative process of intervertebral discs. Dysregulated genes were determined by analyzing microarray profiles. The expression of Grem1 in 17 human disc samples (male:female = 9:8) and rat models (n = 5 each group) was measured by western blotting (WB), real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR), and immunohistochemistry (IHC). The regulatory effects of Grem1 on apoptosis were examined using siRNAs, flow cytometry, immunofluorescence (IF), and WB. The therapeutic effect was evaluated by locally injecting specific Grem1 siRNA into IVDD rats. The expression of Grem1 was significantly increased in human degenerative intervertebral discs; furthermore, the expression of Grem1 positively correlated with the level of intervertebral disc degeneration. Grem1 was significantly overexpressed in tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α-induced degenerative NP cells. Apoptosis in degenerative NP cells transfected with siRNA targeting Grem1 was significantly lower than that in the control group. Specific Grem1 siRNA markedly repressed the development of IVDD in surgery-induced IVDD rats. These results indicated that the expression of Grem1 was positively correlated with the severity of intervertebral disc degeneration, and Grem1 siRNA could inhibit Grem1-induced apoptosis and extracellular matrix alterations by mediating the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway. This study may provide a therapeutic strategy for alleviating inflammation-induced apoptosis associated with intervertebral disc degeneration.
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13
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Ma Z, Li DX, Kunze M, Mulet-Sierra A, Westover L, Adesida AB. Engineered Human Meniscus in Modeling Sex Differences of Knee Osteoarthritis in Vitro. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:823679. [PMID: 35284415 PMCID: PMC8904202 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.823679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Osteoarthritis (OA) primarily affects mechanical load-bearing joints. The knee joint is the most impacted by OA. Knee OA (KOA) occurs in almost all demographic groups, but the prevalence and severity are disproportionately higher in females. The molecular mechanism underlying the pathogenesis and progression of KOA is unknown. The molecular basis of biological sex matters of KOA is not fully understood. Mechanical stimulation plays a vital role in modulating OA-related responses of load-bearing tissues. Mechanical unloading by simulated microgravity (SMG) induced OA-like gene expression in engineered cartilage, while mechanical loading by cyclic hydrostatic pressure (CHP), on the other hand, exerted a pro-chondrogenic effect. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of mechanical loading and unloading via CHP and SMG, respectively, on the OA-related profile changes of engineered meniscus tissues and explore biological sex-related differences.Methods: Tissue-engineered menisci were made from female and male meniscus fibrochondrocytes (MFCs) under static conditions of normal gravity in chondrogenic media and subjected to SMG and CHP culture. Constructs were assayed via histology, immunofluorescence, GAG/DNA assays, RNA sequencing, and testing of mechanical properties.Results: The mRNA expression of ACAN and COL2A1, was upregulated by CHP but downregulated by SMG. COL10A1, a marker for chondrocyte hypertrophy, was downregulated by CHP compared to SMG. Furthermore, CHP increased GAG/DNA levels and wet weight in both female and male donors, but only significantly in females. From the transcriptomics, CHP and SMG significantly modulated genes related to the ossification, regulation of ossification, extracellular matrix, and angiogenesis Gene Ontology (GO) terms. A clear difference in fold-change magnitude and direction was seen between the two treatments for many of the genes. Furthermore, differences in fold-change magnitudes were seen between male and female donors within each treatment. SMG and CHP also significantly modulated genes in OA-related KEGG pathways, such as mineral absorption, Wnt signalling pathway, and HIF-1 signalling pathway.Conclusion: Engineered menisci responded to CHP and SMG in a sex-dependent manner. SMG may induce an OA-like profile, while CHP promotes chondrogenesis. The combination of SMG and CHP could serve as a model to study the early molecular events of KOA and potential drug-targetable pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyao Ma
- Department of Surgery, Divisions of Orthopaedic Surgery, Surgical Research and Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - David Xinzheyang Li
- Department of Surgery, Divisions of Orthopaedic Surgery, Surgical Research and Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Melanie Kunze
- Department of Surgery, Divisions of Orthopaedic Surgery, Surgical Research and Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Aillette Mulet-Sierra
- Department of Surgery, Divisions of Orthopaedic Surgery, Surgical Research and Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Lindsey Westover
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Adetola B. Adesida
- Department of Surgery, Divisions of Orthopaedic Surgery, Surgical Research and Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- *Correspondence: Adetola B. Adesida,
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14
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Tu J, Li W, Yang S, Yang P, Yan Q, Wang S, Lai K, Bai X, Wu C, Ding W, Cooper‐White J, Diwan A, Yang C, Yang H, Zou J. Single-Cell Transcriptome Profiling Reveals Multicellular Ecosystem of Nucleus Pulposus during Degeneration Progression. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2103631. [PMID: 34825784 PMCID: PMC8787427 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202103631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Although degeneration of the nucleus pulposus (NP) is a major contributor to intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) and low back pain, the underlying molecular complexity and cellular heterogeneity remain poorly understood. Here, a comprehensive single-cell resolution transcript landscape of human NP is reported. Six novel human NP cells (NPCs) populations are identified by their distinct molecular signatures. The potential functional differences among NPC subpopulations are analyzed. Predictive transcripts, transcriptional factors, and signal pathways with respect to degeneration grades are explored. It is reported that fibroNPCs is the subpopulation for end-stage degeneration. CD90+NPCs are observed to be progenitor cells in degenerative NP tissues. NP-infiltrating immune cells comprise a previously unrecognized diversity of cell types, including granulocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells (G-MDSCs). Integrin αM (CD11b) and oxidized low density lipoprotein receptor 1 (OLR1) as surface markers of NP-derived G-MDSCs are uncovered. The G-MDSCs are found to be enriched in mildly degenerated (grade II and III) NP tissues compared to severely degenerated (grade IV and V) NP tissues. Their immunosuppressive function and alleviation effects on NPCs' matrix degradation are revealed in vitro. Collectively, this study reveals the NPC-type complexity and phenotypic characteristics in NP, thereby providing new insights and clues for IVDD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Tu
- Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhou215006China
- Spine Labs, St. George and Sutherland Clinical SchoolFaculty of MedicineUniversity of New South WalesSydneyNew South Wales2217Australia
| | - Wentian Li
- Spine Labs, St. George and Sutherland Clinical SchoolFaculty of MedicineUniversity of New South WalesSydneyNew South Wales2217Australia
| | - Sidong Yang
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and NanotechnologyThe University of QueenslandSt. LuciaBrisbaneQueensland4072Australia
- Department of Spine SurgeryThe Third Hospital of Hebei Medical UniversityShijiazhuang05000China
| | - Pengyi Yang
- Charles Perkins CentreThe University of SydneySydneyNSW2006Australia
- School of Life and Environmental SciencesThe University of SydneySydneyNSW2006Australia
- Computational Systems Biology GroupChildren's Medical Research InstituteFaculty of Medicine and HealthThe University of SydneyWestmeadNSW2145Australia
| | - Qi Yan
- Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhou215006China
| | - Shenyu Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhou215006China
| | - Kaitao Lai
- The ANZAC Research InstituteConcord Repatriation General HospitalSydneyNSW2139Australia
- Concord Clinical SchoolFaculty of Medicine and HealthThe University of SydneySydneyNSW2139Australia
| | - Xupeng Bai
- Cancer Care CentreSt. George and Sutherland Clinical SchoolFaculty of MedicineUniversity of New South WalesSydneyNew South Wales2052Australia
| | - Cenhao Wu
- Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhou215006China
| | - Wenyuan Ding
- Department of Spine SurgeryThe Third Hospital of Hebei Medical UniversityShijiazhuang05000China
| | - Justin Cooper‐White
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and NanotechnologyThe University of QueenslandSt. LuciaBrisbaneQueensland4072Australia
- School of Chemical EngineeringThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneQueensland4072Australia
| | - Ashish Diwan
- Spine Labs, St. George and Sutherland Clinical SchoolFaculty of MedicineUniversity of New South WalesSydneyNew South Wales2217Australia
- Spine ServiceDepartment of Orthopaedic SurgerySt. George HospitalKogarahNew South Wales2217Australia
| | - Cao Yang
- Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryWuhan Union HospitalTongji Medical SchoolHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanHubei430022China
| | - Huilin Yang
- Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhou215006China
| | - Jun Zou
- Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhou215006China
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15
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Khurana S, Schivo S, Plass JRM, Mersinis N, Scholma J, Kerkhofs J, Zhong L, van de Pol J, Langerak R, Geris L, Karperien M, Post JN. An ECHO of Cartilage: In Silico Prediction of Combinatorial Treatments to Switch Between Transient and Permanent Cartilage Phenotypes With Ex Vivo Validation. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:732917. [PMID: 34869253 PMCID: PMC8634894 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.732917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A fundamental question in cartilage biology is: what determines the switch between permanent cartilage found in the articular joints and transient hypertrophic cartilage that functions as a template for bone? This switch is observed both in a subset of OA patients that develop osteophytes, as well as in cell-based tissue engineering strategies for joint repair. A thorough understanding of the mechanisms regulating cell fate provides opportunities for treatment of cartilage disease and tissue engineering strategies. The objective of this study was to understand the mechanisms that regulate the switch between permanent and transient cartilage using a computational model of chondrocytes, ECHO. To investigate large signaling networks that regulate cell fate decisions, we developed the software tool ANIMO, Analysis of Networks with interactive Modeling. In ANIMO, we generated an activity network integrating 7 signal transduction pathways resulting in a network containing over 50 proteins with 200 interactions. We called this model ECHO, for executable chondrocyte. Previously, we showed that ECHO could be used to characterize mechanisms of cell fate decisions. ECHO was first developed based on a Boolean model of growth plate. Here, we show how the growth plate Boolean model was translated to ANIMO and how we adapted the topology and parameters to generate an articular cartilage model. In ANIMO, many combinations of overactivation/knockout were tested that result in a switch between permanent cartilage (SOX9+) and transient, hypertrophic cartilage (RUNX2+). We used model checking to prioritize combination treatments for wet-lab validation. Three combinatorial treatments were chosen and tested on metatarsals from 1-day old rat pups that were treated for 6 days. We found that a combination of IGF1 with inhibition of ERK1/2 had a positive effect on cartilage formation and growth, whereas activation of DLX5 combined with inhibition of PKA had a negative effect on cartilage formation and growth and resulted in increased cartilage hypertrophy. We show that our model describes cartilage formation, and that model checking can aid in choosing and prioritizing combinatorial treatments that interfere with normal cartilage development. Here we show that combinatorial treatments induce changes in the zonal distribution of cartilage, indication possible switches in cell fate. This indicates that simulations in ECHO aid in describing pathologies in which switches between cell fates are observed, such as OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakshi Khurana
- Technical Medicine Centre, Department of Developmental BioEngineering, University of Twente, Enschede, Netherlands
| | - Stefano Schivo
- Technical Medicine Centre, Department of Developmental BioEngineering, University of Twente, Enschede, Netherlands.,Department of Formal Methods and Tools, CTIT Institute, University of Twente, Enschede, Netherlands
| | - Jacqueline R M Plass
- Technical Medicine Centre, Department of Developmental BioEngineering, University of Twente, Enschede, Netherlands
| | - Nikolas Mersinis
- Technical Medicine Centre, Department of Developmental BioEngineering, University of Twente, Enschede, Netherlands
| | - Jetse Scholma
- Technical Medicine Centre, Department of Developmental BioEngineering, University of Twente, Enschede, Netherlands
| | - Johan Kerkhofs
- Biomechanics Research Unit, GIGA In Silico Medicine, ULiège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Leilei Zhong
- Technical Medicine Centre, Department of Developmental BioEngineering, University of Twente, Enschede, Netherlands
| | - Jaco van de Pol
- Department of Formal Methods and Tools, CTIT Institute, University of Twente, Enschede, Netherlands.,Dept. of Computer Science, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Rom Langerak
- Department of Formal Methods and Tools, CTIT Institute, University of Twente, Enschede, Netherlands
| | - Liesbet Geris
- Biomechanics Section, Department of Mechanical Engineering, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marcel Karperien
- Technical Medicine Centre, Department of Developmental BioEngineering, University of Twente, Enschede, Netherlands
| | - Janine N Post
- Technical Medicine Centre, Department of Developmental BioEngineering, University of Twente, Enschede, Netherlands
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16
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Bundy JA, Yang JT, Morscher MA, Steiner RP, Adamczyk MJ, Weiner DS, Jacquet RD, Landis WJ. Induced hypothyroidism alters articular cartilage in skeletally immature miniature swine. Connect Tissue Res 2021; 62:643-657. [PMID: 33073630 DOI: 10.1080/03008207.2020.1839436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE/AIM Thyroid hormone has been implicated in the normal growth and development of articular cartilage; however, its effect on a disease state, such as hypothyroidism, is unknown. The purpose of this investigation was to compare normal articular cartilage from proximal femurs of immature miniature swine to proximal femurs from hypothyroid-induced immature miniature swine. MATERIALS AND METHODS Two 11-week-old male Sinclair miniature swine were made hypothyroid by administration of 6-propyl-2-thiouracil (PTU) in their drinking water; two control animals did not receive PTU. At 25 weeks of age, the animals were euthanized and their proximal femurs were fixed and decalcified. Samples were sectioned and analyzed by histology to define extracellular matrix (ECM) structure, immunohistochemistry (IHC) to identify types II and X collagen, and histomorphometry to assess articular cartilage mean total and localized height and cell density. Statistics included nested mixed-effects ANOVA with p ≤ 0.05 considered statistically significant. RESULTS Compared to controls, hypothyroid articular cartilage demonstrated statistically significant quantitative differences in mean tissue height, mean cell density and type II collagen localized zone height. Qualitative differences in ECM proteoglycans and overall collagen types were also found. Type X collagen was not detected in either hypothyroid or control articular cartilage specimens. CONCLUSIONS Significant changes in articular cartilage structure in hypothyroid compared to control immature miniature swine suggest that thyroid hormone is critical in the growth and development of articular cartilage. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Understanding articular cartilage development in immature animal models may provide insight into healing or repair of degenerative human articular cartilage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua A Bundy
- Department of Polymer Science, University of Akron, Akron, OH, USA.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Marian University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Julianne T Yang
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stark Women's Center, Canton, OH, USA
| | | | | | - Mark J Adamczyk
- Department of Orthopedics, Akron Children's Hospital, Akron, OH, USA
| | - Dennis S Weiner
- Department of Orthopedics, Akron Children's Hospital, Akron, OH, USA
| | - Robin DiFeo Jacquet
- Department of Polymer Science, University of Akron, Akron, OH, USA.,Department of Orthopedics, Akron Children's Hospital, Akron, OH, USA
| | - William J Landis
- Department of Polymer Science, University of Akron, Akron, OH, USA
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17
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González Vázquez AG, Blokpoel Ferreras LA, Bennett KE, Casey SM, Brama PAJ, O'Brien FJ. Systematic Comparison of Biomaterials-Based Strategies for Osteochondral and Chondral Repair in Large Animal Models. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2100878. [PMID: 34405587 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202100878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Joint repair remains a major challenge in orthopaedics. Recent progress in biomaterial design has led to the fabrication of a plethora of promising devices. Pre-clinical testing of any joint repair strategy typically requires the use of large animal models (e.g., sheep, goat, pig or horse). Despite the key role of such models in clinical translation, there is still a lack of consensus regarding optimal experimental design, making it difficult to draw conclusions on their efficacy. In this context, the authors performed a systematic literature review and a risk of bias assessment on large animal models published between 2010 and 2020, to identify key experimental parameters that significantly affect the biomaterial therapeutic outcome and clinical translation potential (including defect localization, animal age/maturity, selection of controls, cell-free versus cell-laden). They determined that mechanically strong biomaterials perform better at the femoral condyles; while highlighted the importance of including native tissue controls to better evaluate the quality of the newly formed tissue. Finally, in cell-laded biomaterials, the pre-culture conditions played a more important role in defect repair than the cell type. In summary, here they present a systematic evaluation on how the experimental design of preclinical models influences biomaterial-based therapeutic outcomes in joint repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arlyng G. González Vázquez
- Tissue Engineering Research Group Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Medicine Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI) Dublin 2 D02 YN77 Ireland
- Advanced Materials Bio‐Engineering Research Centre (AMBER) RCSI and TCD Dublin 2 D02 PN40 Ireland
| | - Lia A. Blokpoel Ferreras
- Tissue Engineering Research Group Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Medicine Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI) Dublin 2 D02 YN77 Ireland
- Advanced Materials Bio‐Engineering Research Centre (AMBER) RCSI and TCD Dublin 2 D02 PN40 Ireland
| | | | - Sarah M. Casey
- Tissue Engineering Research Group Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Medicine Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI) Dublin 2 D02 YN77 Ireland
- Advanced Materials Bio‐Engineering Research Centre (AMBER) RCSI and TCD Dublin 2 D02 PN40 Ireland
| | - Pieter AJ Brama
- School of Veterinary Medicine University College Dublin (UCD) Dublin 4 D04 V1W8 Ireland
| | - Fergal J. O'Brien
- Tissue Engineering Research Group Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Medicine Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI) Dublin 2 D02 YN77 Ireland
- Advanced Materials Bio‐Engineering Research Centre (AMBER) RCSI and TCD Dublin 2 D02 PN40 Ireland
- Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute Trinity College Dublin (TCD) Dublin 2 D02 PN40 Ireland
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18
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Huang X, Zhong L, van Helvoort E, Lafeber F, Mastbergen S, Hendriks J, Post JN, Karperien M. The Expressions of Dickkopf-Related Protein 1 and Frizzled-Related Protein Are Negatively Correlated to Local Inflammation and Osteoarthritis Severity. Cartilage 2021; 12:496-504. [PMID: 30947534 PMCID: PMC8461161 DOI: 10.1177/1947603519841676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the presence of WNT antagonists Dickkopf-related protein 1 (DKK1), Frizzled-related protein (FRZB) and BMP antagonist Gremlin 1 (GREM1) in synovial fluid (SF) and serum, respectively, from end-stage knee osteoarthritis (OA) patients, and correlate their expression with other markers of OA. DESIGN In a cross-sectional study, SF and serum were collected from OA patients (n = 132). The concentrations of DKK1, FRZB and GREM1 in SF and serum were determined using immunoassays. Correlation measurements were performed between groups and previously assessed disease markers, such as synovium nitric oxide (NO), inerleukin-1β (IL1β), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα), and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). RESULTS The OA patients with the celecoxib treatment till surgery have higher median SF FRZB values compared with the control (no treatment); the celecoxib 3-days before surgery stopped treatment group has higher median serum FRZB values than the control and the naproxen treatment group. The combinational analysis of SF DKK1 and SF FRZB negatively correlated with macroscopic cartilage scores and histological synovium scores in OA patients. The expression of DKK1 and FRZB in SF showed the same expression trend as their expression in serum. Furthermore, the SF concentration of DKK1 was positively correlated with FRZB in both SF and serum. In contrast, it was negatively correlated with synovium NO and IL1β. SF FRZB was negatively correlated with synovium NO, IL1β, cartilage PGE2, and age. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest DKK1 and FRZB were negatively correlated with OA severity and multiple pro-inflammatory cytokines. Our data indicate that DKK1 and FRZB can be joint disease-specific biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobin Huang
- Department of Developmental BioEngineering, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands
| | - Leilei Zhong
- Department of Developmental BioEngineering, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands
| | - Eefje van Helvoort
- Department of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht, University Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Floris Lafeber
- Department of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht, University Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Simon Mastbergen
- Department of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht, University Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Jan Hendriks
- Department of Developmental BioEngineering, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands
| | - Janine N Post
- Department of Developmental BioEngineering, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands
| | - Marcel Karperien
- Department of Developmental BioEngineering, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands
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19
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Park S, Bello A, Arai Y, Ahn J, Kim D, Cha KY, Baek I, Park H, Lee SH. Functional Duality of Chondrocyte Hypertrophy and Biomedical Application Trends in Osteoarthritis. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13081139. [PMID: 34452101 PMCID: PMC8400409 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13081139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chondrocyte hypertrophy is one of the key indicators in the progression of osteoarthritis (OA). However, compared with other OA indications, such as cartilage collapse, sclerosis, inflammation, and protease activation, the mechanisms by which chondrocyte hypertrophy contributes to OA remain elusive. As the pathological processes in the OA cartilage microenvironment, such as the alterations in the extracellular matrix, are initiated and dictated by the physiological state of the chondrocytes, in-depth knowledge of chondrocyte hypertrophy is necessary to enhance our understanding of the disease pathology and develop therapeutic agents. Chondrocyte hypertrophy is a factor that induces OA progression; it is also a crucial factor in the endochondral ossification. This review elaborates on this dual functionality of chondrocyte hypertrophy in OA progression and endochondral ossification through a description of the characteristics of various genes and signaling, their mechanism, and their distinguishable physiological effects. Chondrocyte hypertrophy in OA progression leads to a decrease in chondrogenic genes and destruction of cartilage tissue. However, in endochondral ossification, it represents an intermediate stage at the process of differentiation of chondrocytes into osteogenic cells. In addition, this review describes the current therapeutic strategies and their mechanisms, involving genes, proteins, cytokines, small molecules, three-dimensional environments, or exosomes, against the OA induced by chondrocyte hypertrophy. Finally, this review proposes that the contrasting roles of chondrocyte hypertrophy are essential for both OA progression and endochondral ossification, and that this cellular process may be targeted to develop OA therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunghyun Park
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Dongguk University-Seoul, Seoul 04620, Korea; (S.P.); (A.B.); (Y.A.); (J.A.); (D.K.); (K.-Y.C.); (I.B.)
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, 335 Pangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si 13488, Korea
| | - Alvin Bello
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Dongguk University-Seoul, Seoul 04620, Korea; (S.P.); (A.B.); (Y.A.); (J.A.); (D.K.); (K.-Y.C.); (I.B.)
- School of Integrative Engineering, Chung-ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Korea;
| | - Yoshie Arai
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Dongguk University-Seoul, Seoul 04620, Korea; (S.P.); (A.B.); (Y.A.); (J.A.); (D.K.); (K.-Y.C.); (I.B.)
| | - Jinsung Ahn
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Dongguk University-Seoul, Seoul 04620, Korea; (S.P.); (A.B.); (Y.A.); (J.A.); (D.K.); (K.-Y.C.); (I.B.)
| | - Dohyun Kim
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Dongguk University-Seoul, Seoul 04620, Korea; (S.P.); (A.B.); (Y.A.); (J.A.); (D.K.); (K.-Y.C.); (I.B.)
| | - Kyung-Yup Cha
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Dongguk University-Seoul, Seoul 04620, Korea; (S.P.); (A.B.); (Y.A.); (J.A.); (D.K.); (K.-Y.C.); (I.B.)
| | - Inho Baek
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Dongguk University-Seoul, Seoul 04620, Korea; (S.P.); (A.B.); (Y.A.); (J.A.); (D.K.); (K.-Y.C.); (I.B.)
| | - Hansoo Park
- School of Integrative Engineering, Chung-ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Korea;
| | - Soo-Hong Lee
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Dongguk University-Seoul, Seoul 04620, Korea; (S.P.); (A.B.); (Y.A.); (J.A.); (D.K.); (K.-Y.C.); (I.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-31-961-5153; Fax: +82-31-961-5108
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20
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Zupan J, Strazar K, Kocijan R, Nau T, Grillari J, Marolt Presen D. Age-related alterations and senescence of mesenchymal stromal cells: Implications for regenerative treatments of bones and joints. Mech Ageing Dev 2021; 198:111539. [PMID: 34242668 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2021.111539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The most common clinical manifestations of age-related musculoskeletal degeneration are osteoarthritis and osteoporosis, and these represent an enormous burden on modern society. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have pivotal roles in musculoskeletal tissue development. In adult organisms, MSCs retain their ability to regenerate tissues following bone fractures, articular cartilage injuries, and other traumatic injuries of connective tissue. However, their remarkable regenerative ability appears to be impaired through aging, and in particular in age-related diseases of bones and joints. Here, we review age-related alterations of MSCs in musculoskeletal tissues, and address the underlying mechanisms of aging and senescence of MSCs. Furthermore, we focus on the properties of MSCs in osteoarthritis and osteoporosis, and how their changes contribute to onset and progression of these disorders. Finally, we consider current treatments that exploit the enormous potential of MSCs for tissue regeneration, as well as for innovative cell-free extracellular-vesicle-based and anti-aging treatment approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janja Zupan
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Klemen Strazar
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia; Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Roland Kocijan
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Osteology at Hanusch Hospital of OEGK and AUVA Trauma Center Meidling, 1st Medical Department, Hanusch Hospital, Vienna, Austria; Medical Faculty of Bone Diseases, Sigmund Freud University Vienna, 1020, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Nau
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology in the AUVA Trauma Research Centre, 1200, Vienna, Austria; Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, 1200, Vienna, Austria; Building 14, Mohamed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences Dubai, Dubai Healthcare City, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Johannes Grillari
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology in the AUVA Trauma Research Centre, 1200, Vienna, Austria; Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, 1200, Vienna, Austria; Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, 1180, Vienna, Austria
| | - Darja Marolt Presen
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology in the AUVA Trauma Research Centre, 1200, Vienna, Austria; Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, 1200, Vienna, Austria.
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21
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Porro S, Genchi VA, Cignarelli A, Natalicchio A, Laviola L, Giorgino F, Perrini S. Dysmetabolic adipose tissue in obesity: morphological and functional characteristics of adipose stem cells and mature adipocytes in healthy and unhealthy obese subjects. J Endocrinol Invest 2021; 44:921-941. [PMID: 33145726 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-020-01446-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The way by which subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) expands and undergoes remodeling by storing excess lipids through expansion of adipocytes (hypertrophy) or recruitment of new precursor cells (hyperplasia) impacts the risk of developing cardiometabolic and respiratory diseases. In unhealthy obese subjects, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and obstructive sleep apnoea are typically associated with pathologic SAT remodeling characterized by adipocyte hypertrophy, as well as chronic inflammation, hypoxia, increased visceral adipose tissue (VAT), and fatty liver. In contrast, metabolically healthy obese individuals are generally associated with SAT development characterized by the presence of smaller and numerous mature adipocytes, and a lower degree of VAT inflammation and ectopic fat accumulation. The remodeling of SAT and VAT is under genetic regulation and influenced by inherent depot-specific differences of adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ASCs). ASCs have multiple functions such as cell renewal, adipogenic capacity, and angiogenic properties, and secrete a variety of bioactive molecules involved in vascular and extracellular matrix remodeling. Understanding the mechanisms regulating the proliferative and adipogenic capacity of ASCs from SAT and VAT in response to excess calorie intake has become a focus of interest over recent decades. Here, we summarize current knowledge about the biological mechanisms able to foster or impair the recruitment and adipogenic differentiation of ASCs during SAT and VAT development, which regulate body fat distribution and favorable or unfavorable metabolic responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Porro
- Section of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Andrology and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Piazza Giulio Cesare, 11, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - V A Genchi
- Section of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Andrology and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Piazza Giulio Cesare, 11, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - A Cignarelli
- Section of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Andrology and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Piazza Giulio Cesare, 11, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - A Natalicchio
- Section of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Andrology and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Piazza Giulio Cesare, 11, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - L Laviola
- Section of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Andrology and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Piazza Giulio Cesare, 11, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - F Giorgino
- Section of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Andrology and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Piazza Giulio Cesare, 11, 70124, Bari, Italy.
| | - S Perrini
- Section of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Andrology and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Piazza Giulio Cesare, 11, 70124, Bari, Italy
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22
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Hall GN, Tam WL, Andrikopoulos KS, Casas-Fraile L, Voyiatzis GA, Geris L, Luyten FP, Papantoniou I. Patterned, organoid-based cartilaginous implants exhibit zone specific functionality forming osteochondral-like tissues in vivo. Biomaterials 2021; 273:120820. [PMID: 33872857 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.120820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Tissue engineered constructs have the potential to respond to the unmet medical need of treating deep osteochondral defects. However, current tissue engineering strategies struggle in the attempt to create patterned constructs with biologically distinct functionality. In this work, a developmentally-inspired modular approach is proposed, whereby distinct cartilaginous organoids are used as living building blocks. First, a hierarchical construct was created, composed of three layers of cartilaginous tissue intermediates derived from human periosteum-derived cells: (i) early (SOX9), (ii) mature (COL2) and (iii) (pre)hypertrophic (IHH, COLX) phenotype. Subcutaneous implantation in nude mice generated a hybrid tissue containing one mineralized and one non-mineralized part. However, the non-mineralized part was represented by a collagen type I positive fibrocartilage-like tissue. To engineer a more stable articular cartilage part, iPSC-derived cartilage microtissues (SOX9, COL2; IHH neg) were generated. Subcutaneous implantation of assembled iPSC-derived cartilage microtissues resulted in a homogenous cartilaginous tissue positive for collagen type II but negative for osteocalcin. Finally, iPSC-derived cartilage microtissues in combination with the pre-hypertrophic cartilage organoids (IHH, COLX) could form dual tissues consisting of i) a cartilaginous safranin O positive and ii) a bony osteocalcin positive region upon subcutaneous implantation, corresponding to the pre-engineered zonal pattern. The assembly of functional building blocks, as presented in this work, opens possibilities for the production of complex tissue engineered implants by embedding zone-specific functionality through the use of pre-programmed living building blocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella Nilsson Hall
- Prometheus Division of Skeletal Tissue Engineering, KU Leuven, O&N1, Herestraat 49, PB 813, 3000, Leuven, Belgium; Skeletal Biology and Engineering Research Center, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, O&N1, Herestraat 49, PB 813, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Wai Long Tam
- Skeletal Biology and Engineering Research Center, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, O&N1, Herestraat 49, PB 813, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Konstantinos S Andrikopoulos
- Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Stadiou, 26504, Platani, Patras, Greece; Department of Physics, University of Patras, GR-265 00, Rio-Patras, Greece
| | - Leire Casas-Fraile
- Laboratory of Tissue Homeostasis and Disease, Skeletal Biology and Engineering Research Center, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, O&N1, Herestraat 49, PB 813, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
| | - George A Voyiatzis
- Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Stadiou, 26504, Platani, Patras, Greece
| | - Liesbet Geris
- Prometheus Division of Skeletal Tissue Engineering, KU Leuven, O&N1, Herestraat 49, PB 813, 3000, Leuven, Belgium; GIGA in Silico Medicine, Université de Liège, Avenue de L'Hôpital 11 - BAT 34, 4000, Liège 1, Belgium; Biomechanics Section, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 300C, PB 2419, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Frank P Luyten
- Prometheus Division of Skeletal Tissue Engineering, KU Leuven, O&N1, Herestraat 49, PB 813, 3000, Leuven, Belgium; Skeletal Biology and Engineering Research Center, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, O&N1, Herestraat 49, PB 813, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Ioannis Papantoniou
- Prometheus Division of Skeletal Tissue Engineering, KU Leuven, O&N1, Herestraat 49, PB 813, 3000, Leuven, Belgium; Skeletal Biology and Engineering Research Center, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, O&N1, Herestraat 49, PB 813, 3000, Leuven, Belgium; Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Stadiou, 26504, Platani, Patras, Greece.
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23
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Martínez-Gil N, Roca-Ayats N, Atalay N, Pineda-Moncusí M, Garcia-Giralt N, Van Hul W, Boudin E, Ovejero D, Mellibovsky L, Nogués X, Díez-Pérez A, Grinberg D, Balcells S. Functional Assessment of Coding and Regulatory Variants From the DKK1 Locus. JBMR Plus 2020; 4:e10423. [PMID: 33354644 PMCID: PMC7745885 DOI: 10.1002/jbm4.10423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The DKK1 gene encodes an extracellular inhibitor of the Wnt pathway with an important role in bone tissue development, bone homeostasis, and different critical aspects of bone biology. Several BMD genome‐wide association studies (GWASs) have consistently found association with SNPs in the DKK1 genomic region. For these reasons, it is important to assess the functionality of coding and regulatory variants in the gene. Here, we have studied the functionality of putative regulatory variants, previously found associated with BMD in different studies by others and ourselves, and also six missense variants present in the general population. Using a Wnt‐pathway‐specific luciferase reporter assay, we have determined that the variants p.Ala41Thr, p.Tyr74Phe, p.Arg120Leu, and p.Ser157Ile display a reduced DKK1 inhibitory capacity as compared with WT. This result agrees with the high‐bone‐mass (HBM) phenotype of two women from our cohort who carried mutations p.Tyr74Phe or p.Arg120Leu. On the other hand, by means of a circularized chromosome conformation capture‐ (4C‐) sequencing experiment, we have detected that the region containing 24 BMD‐GWA variants, located 350‐kb downstream of DKK1, interacts both with DKK1 and the LNCAROD (LncRNA‐activating regulator of DKK1, AKA LINC0148) in osteoblastic cells. In conclusion, we have shown that some rare coding variants are partial loss‐of‐function mutations that may lead to a HBM phenotype, whereas the common SNPs associated with BMD in GWASs belong to a putative long‐range regulatory region, through a yet unknown mechanism involving LNCAROD. © 2020 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Núria Martínez-Gil
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, Faculty of Biology Universitat de Barcelona, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu (IRSJD) Barcelona Spain
| | - Neus Roca-Ayats
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, Faculty of Biology Universitat de Barcelona, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu (IRSJD) Barcelona Spain
| | - Nurgül Atalay
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, Faculty of Biology Universitat de Barcelona, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu (IRSJD) Barcelona Spain
| | - Marta Pineda-Moncusí
- Musculoskeletal Research Group, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable, ISCIII Barcelona Spain
| | - Natàlia Garcia-Giralt
- Musculoskeletal Research Group, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable, ISCIII Barcelona Spain
| | - Wim Van Hul
- Center of Medical Genetics University of Antwerp & University Hospital Antwerp Antwerp Belgium
| | - Eveline Boudin
- Center of Medical Genetics University of Antwerp & University Hospital Antwerp Antwerp Belgium
| | - Diana Ovejero
- Musculoskeletal Research Group, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable, ISCIII Barcelona Spain
| | - Leonardo Mellibovsky
- Musculoskeletal Research Group, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable, ISCIII Barcelona Spain
| | - Xavier Nogués
- Musculoskeletal Research Group, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable, ISCIII Barcelona Spain
| | - Adolfo Díez-Pérez
- Musculoskeletal Research Group, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable, ISCIII Barcelona Spain
| | - Daniel Grinberg
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, Faculty of Biology Universitat de Barcelona, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu (IRSJD) Barcelona Spain
| | - Susanna Balcells
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, Faculty of Biology Universitat de Barcelona, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu (IRSJD) Barcelona Spain
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24
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Chawla S, Berkelaar MHM, Dasen B, Halleux C, Guth-Gundel S, Kramer I, Ghosh S, Martin I, Barbero A, Occhetta P. Blockage of bone morphogenetic protein signalling counteracts hypertrophy in a human osteoarthritic micro-cartilage model. J Cell Sci 2020; 133:133/23/jcs249094. [PMID: 33310869 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.249094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signalling plays a significant role during embryonic cartilage development and has been associated with osteoarthritis (OA) pathogenesis, being in both cases involved in triggering hypertrophy. Inspired by recent findings that BMP inhibition counteracts hypertrophic differentiation of human mesenchymal progenitors, we hypothesized that selective inhibition of BMP signalling would mitigate hypertrophic features in OA cartilage. First, a 3D in vitro OA micro-cartilage model was established using minimally expanded OA chondrocytes that was reproducibly able to capture OA-like hypertrophic features. BMP signalling was then restricted by means of two BMP receptor type I inhibitors, resulting in reduction of OA hypertrophic traits while maintaining synthesis of cartilage extracellular matrix. Our findings open potential pharmacological strategies for counteracting cartilage hypertrophy in OA and support the broader perspective that key signalling pathways known from developmental processes can guide the understanding, and possibly the mitigation, of adult pathological features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shikha Chawla
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland.,Regenerative Engineering Laboratory, Department of Textile Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi 110016, India
| | - Majoska H M Berkelaar
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Boris Dasen
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christine Halleux
- Musculoskeletal Disease Area, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sabine Guth-Gundel
- Musculoskeletal Disease Area, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ina Kramer
- Musculoskeletal Disease Area, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sourabh Ghosh
- Regenerative Engineering Laboratory, Department of Textile Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi 110016, India
| | - Ivan Martin
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Barbero
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Paola Occhetta
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
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25
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Ibrahim NH, Abdel-Monem SM, Elbarashy AWSE, Elhussieny HAW, Elsayed RAH. Study of serum and synovial fluid Dickkopf-1 levels in patients with primary osteoarthritis of the knee joint in correlation with disease activity and severity. EGYPTIAN RHEUMATOLOGY AND REHABILITATION 2020. [DOI: 10.1186/s43166-020-00019-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a typical complex degenerative articular ailment that shows focal cartilage loss, new bone formation with involvement of entire joint tissues. Dkk-1 assumes a job in controlling the pattern of bone repair and regeneration in both OA and RA. This study aimed to determine serum and synovial fluid levels of Dickkopf-1 (Dkk-1) in patients with primary OA of the knee joint and study their correlations with disease activity and severity. This study included 45 patients, 30 of them were diagnosed as primary knee OA. Fifteen rheumatoid arthritis patients as well as 15 healthy subjects were enrolled in the study as control groups, serum and synovial levels of Dkk-1 were estimated utilizing the ELISA technique.
Results
Serum levels of Dkk-1 were significantly higher in OA patients than healthy subjects (p < 0.001), although it was even significantly higher in RA patients than OA patients (p < 0.001). There was a highly significant decrease in the median synovial level of Dkk-1 in OA patients compared to the RA control group (p < 0.001). There was a highly statistically significant inverse correlation between circulating as well as synovial fluid Dkk-1 levels and radiological disease grading in knee OA (p < 0.001). There was a statistically significant decrease in serum levels of Dkk-1 in patients with severe OA (grade 3, 4) compared to those with mild OA (Grade 2) (p < 0.001).
Conclusion
Dkk-1 is an interesting marker that is related to articular disease .It could play an important role in decelerating the degenerative process of OA and can reflects radiographic severity of the disease as well.
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26
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Tian J, Gao SG, Li YS, Cheng C, Deng ZH, Luo W, Zhang FJ. The β-catenin/TCF-4 pathway regulates the expression of OPN in human osteoarthritic chondrocytes. J Orthop Surg Res 2020; 15:344. [PMID: 32819387 PMCID: PMC7441722 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-020-01881-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cartilage destruction is the main characteristic of osteoarthritis (OA), and osteopontin (OPN) is elevated in OA articular cartilage; however, the reason for the increased OPN level is not determined. In addition, Wnt/β-catenin signaling participates in the progression of OA. The aim of the present study was to evaluate whether canonical Wnt signaling could regulate the expression of OPN in human chondrocytes in vitro. METHODS Human chondrocytes were cultured in vitro, and we first assayed the mRNA levels of OPN and β-catenin in chondrocytes. Next, we performed transient transfection of TCF 4 shRNA into chondrocytes to inhibit TCF 4 expression and explore changes in the OPN level. Then, the Wnt/β-catenin signaling inhibitor Dickkopf-1 (Dkk-1) was incubated with chondrocytes, and we assayed the changes in β-catenin and OPN. RESULTS Our results showed that the expression of both β-catenin and OPN was increased in OA chondrocytes, but there were no correlations between β-catenin and OPN expression. TCF4 shRNA downregulated the expression of TCF 4 and OPN in chondrocytes, while after treatment with rDKK-1 at a concentration of 400 ng/ml for 24 h, the mRNA and protein expression of both β-catenin and OPN was significantly decreased in chondrocytes. CONCLUSIONS Elevated OPN expression might be regulated by the β-catenin/TCF-4 pathway, and the Wnt/β-catenin inhibitor DKK1 could inhibit the expression of β-catenin and OPN in OA chondrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Tian
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No.87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Shu-Guang Gao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No.87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.
| | - Yu-Sheng Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No.87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Chao Cheng
- Department of Orthopaedics, Yiyang Central Hospital, Clinical Medical Technology Demonstration Base for Minimally Invasive and Digital Orthopaedics in Hunan Province, No.118 North KangFu Road, Yiyang, 413000, Hunan, China
| | - Zhen-Han Deng
- Department of Sports Medicine, The First Hospital Affiliated to Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518035, Guangdong, China
| | - Wei Luo
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No.87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Fang-Jie Zhang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No.87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China. .,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No.87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.
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27
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28
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Díaz-Payno PJ, Browe DC, Cunniffe GM, Kelly DJ. The identification of articular cartilage and growth plate extracellular matrix-specific proteins supportive of either osteogenesis or stable chondrogenesis of stem cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 528:285-291. [PMID: 32473752 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.05.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Tissue-specific extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins can play a key role in regulating the fate of stem cells and can potentially be utilized for therapeutic applications. Realising this potential requires further characterization of the diversity of biomolecules present in tissue-specific ECMs and an evaluation of their role as regulatory cues for regenerative medicine applications. The goal of this study was to identify specific soluble factors within the ECM of articular cartilage (AC) and growth plate (GP) that may impart chondro-inductivity or osteo-inductivity respectively. To this end, the significantly different proteins between both matrisomes were searched against the STRING database platform, from which C-type lectin domain family-11 member-A (CLEC11A) and S100 calcium-binding protein-A10 (S100A10) were identified as potential candidates for supporting osteogenesis, and Gremlin-1 (GREM1) and TGF-β induced gene human clone-3 (βIGH3) were identified as potential candidates for supporting stable chondrogenesis. Stimulation of chondrogenically-primed bone marrow-derived stem cells (BMSCs) with the AC-specific proteins GREM1 and βIGH3 had no noticeable effect on the deposition of collagen-II, a marker of chondrogenesis, but appeared to suppress the production of the hypertrophic marker collagen-X, particularly for higher concentrations of GREM1. Stimulation with GREM1 was also found to suppress the direct osteoblastic differentiation of BMSCs. In contrast, stimulation with the GP-specific factors CLEC11A and S100A10 was found to enhance osteogenesis of BMSCs, increasing the levels of mineralization, particularly for higher concentration of CLEC11A. Together these results demonstrate that AC- and GP-specific proteins may play a key role in developing novel strategies for engineering phenotypically stable articular cartilage or enhancing the regeneration of critically-sized bone defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro J Díaz-Payno
- Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - David C Browe
- Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research Centre (AMBER), Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland and Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Gráinne M Cunniffe
- Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research Centre (AMBER), Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland and Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Daniel J Kelly
- Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research Centre (AMBER), Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland and Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Tissue Engineering Research Group, Department of Anatomy, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland.
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29
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Taheem DK, Jell G, Gentleman E. Hypoxia Inducible Factor-1α in Osteochondral Tissue Engineering. TISSUE ENGINEERING. PART B, REVIEWS 2020; 26:105-115. [PMID: 31774026 PMCID: PMC7166133 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2019.0283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Damage to osteochondral (OC) tissues can lead to pain, loss of motility, and progress to osteoarthritis. Tissue engineering approaches offer the possibility of replacing damaged tissues and restoring joint function; however, replicating the spatial and functional heterogeneity of native OC tissue remains a pressing challenge. Chondrocytes in healthy cartilage exist in relatively low-oxygen conditions, while osteoblasts in the underlying bone experience higher oxygen pressures. Such oxygen gradients also exist in the limb bud, where they influence OC tissue development. The cellular response to these spatial variations in oxygen pressure, which is mediated by the hypoxia inducible factor (HIF) pathway, plays a central role in regulating osteo- and chondrogenesis by directing progenitor cell differentiation and promoting and maintaining appropriate extracellular matrix production. Understanding the role of the HIF pathway in OC tissue development may enable new approaches to engineer OC tissue. In this review, we discuss strategies to spatially and temporarily regulate the HIF pathway in progenitor cells to create functional OC tissue for regenerative therapies. Impact statement Strategies to engineer osteochondral (OC) tissue are limited by the complex and varying microenvironmental conditions in native bone and cartilage. Indeed, native cartilage experiences low-oxygen conditions, while the underlying bone is relatively normoxic. The cellular response to these low-oxygen conditions, which is mediated through the hypoxia inducible factor (HIF) pathway, is known to promote and maintain the chondrocyte phenotype. By using tissue engineering scaffolds to spatially and temporally harness the HIF pathway, it may be possible to improve OC tissue engineering strategies for the regeneration of damaged cartilage and its underlying subchondral bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dheraj K. Taheem
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gavin Jell
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Eileen Gentleman
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
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30
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Schivo S, Khurana S, Govindaraj K, Scholma J, Kerkhofs J, Zhong L, Huang X, van de Pol J, Langerak R, van Wijnen AJ, Geris L, Karperien M, Post JN. ECHO, the executable CHOndrocyte: A computational model to study articular chondrocytes in health and disease. Cell Signal 2020; 68:109471. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2019.109471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Revised: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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31
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Gottardi
- Biomaterials and Bioengineering Laboratory, Division of Pulmonology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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32
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Ng J, Little CB, Woods S, Whittle S, Lee FY, Gronthos S, Mukherjee S, Hunter DJ, Worthley DL. Stem cell-directed therapies for osteoarthritis: The promise and the practice. Stem Cells 2020; 38:477-486. [PMID: 31837053 DOI: 10.1002/stem.3139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a disease of an entire synovial joint characterized by clinical symptoms and distortion of joint tissues, including cartilage, muscles, ligaments, and bone. Although OA is a disease of all joint tissues, it is a defined accessible compartment and is thus amenable to topical surgical and regenerative therapies, including stem cells. All tissues arise from stem progenitor cells, and the relative capacity of different cellular compartments, and different individuals, to renew tissues into adulthood may be important in the onset of many different degenerative diseases. OA is driven by both mechanical and inflammatory factors, but how these factors affect the proliferation and differentiation of cells into cartilage in vivo is largely unknown. Indeed, our very basic understanding of the physiological cellular kinetics and biology of the stem-progenitor cell unit of the articular cartilage, and how this is influenced by mechano-inflammatory injury, is largely unknown. OA seems, rather deceptively, to be the low-hanging fruit for stem cell therapy. Without the basic understanding of the stem cell and progenitor unit that generate and maintain articular cartilage in vivo, we will continue to waste opportunities to both prevent and manage this disease. In this review, we discuss the biology of chondrogenesis, the stem cell populations that support articular cartilage in health and disease, and future opportunities afforded through the translation of basic articular chondrocyte stem cell biology into new clinical therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Ng
- Precision Medicine, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Department of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Christopher B Little
- Northern Clinical School, University of Sydney, St. Leonards, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Raymond Purves Bone & Joint Research Laboratories, Kolling Institute, St. Leonards, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Susan Woods
- Precision Medicine, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Department of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Samuel Whittle
- Department of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Francis Y Lee
- Rheumatology Department, Royal North Shore Hospital, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Kolling Institute, University of Sydney, St. Leonards, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Stan Gronthos
- Precision Medicine, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Mesenchymal Stem Cell Laboratory, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Siddhartha Mukherjee
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - David J Hunter
- Northern Clinical School, University of Sydney, St. Leonards, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Daniel L Worthley
- Precision Medicine, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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33
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Diederichs S, Tonnier V, März M, Dreher SI, Geisbüsch A, Richter W. Regulation of WNT5A and WNT11 during MSC in vitro chondrogenesis: WNT inhibition lowers BMP and hedgehog activity, and reduces hypertrophy. Cell Mol Life Sci 2019; 76:3875-3889. [PMID: 30980110 PMCID: PMC11105731 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03099-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Re-directing mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) chondrogenesis towards a non-hypertrophic articular chondrocyte-(AC)-like phenotype is important for improving articular cartilage neogenesis to enhance clinical cartilage repair strategies. This study is the first to demonstrate that high levels of non-canonical WNT5A followed by WNT11 and LEF1 discriminated MSC chondrogenesis from AC re-differentiation. Moreover, β-catenin seemed incompletely silenced in differentiating MSCs, which altogether suggested a role for WNT signaling in hypertrophic MSC differentiation. WNT inhibition with the small molecule IWP-2 supported MSC chondrogenesis according to elevated proteoglycan deposition and reduced the characteristic upregulation of BMP4, BMP7 and their target ID1, as well as IHH and its target GLI1 observed during endochondral differentiation. Along with the pro-hypertrophic transcription factor MEF2C, multiple hypertrophic downstream targets including IBSP and alkaline phosphatase activity were reduced by IWP-2, demonstrating that WNT activity drives BMP and hedgehog upregulation, and MSC hypertrophy. WNT inhibition almost matched the strong anti-hypertrophic capacity of pulsed parathyroid hormone-related protein application, and both outperformed suppression of BMP signaling with dorsomorphin, which also reduced cartilage matrix deposition. Yet, hypertrophic marker expression under IWP-2 remained above AC level, and in vivo mineralization and ectopic bone formation were reduced but not eliminated. Overall, the strong anti-hypertrophic effects of IWP-2 involved inhibition but not silencing of pro-hypertrophic BMP and IHH pathways, and more advanced silencing of WNT activity as well as combined application of IHH or BMP antagonists should next be considered to install articular cartilage neogenesis from human MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solvig Diederichs
- Research Center for Experimental Orthopaedics, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Veronika Tonnier
- Research Center for Experimental Orthopaedics, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Melanie März
- Research Center for Experimental Orthopaedics, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Simon I Dreher
- Research Center for Experimental Orthopaedics, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andreas Geisbüsch
- Clinic for Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Wiltrud Richter
- Research Center for Experimental Orthopaedics, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.
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34
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Occhetta P, Mainardi A, Votta E, Vallmajo-Martin Q, Ehrbar M, Martin I, Barbero A, Rasponi M. Hyperphysiological compression of articular cartilage induces an osteoarthritic phenotype in a cartilage-on-a-chip model. Nat Biomed Eng 2019; 3:545-557. [PMID: 31160722 DOI: 10.1038/s41551-019-0406-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Owing to population aging, the social impact of osteoarthritis (OA)-the most common musculoskeletal disease-is expected to increase dramatically. Yet, therapy is still limited to palliative treatments or surgical intervention, and disease-modifying OA (DMOA) drugs are scarce, mainly because of the absence of relevant preclinical OA models. Therefore, in vitro models that can reliably predict the efficacy of DMOA drugs are needed. Here, we show, using a newly developed microphysiological cartilage-on-a-chip model that enables the application of strain-controlled compression to three-dimensional articular cartilage microtissue, that a 30% confined compression recapitulates the mechanical factors involved in OA pathogenesis and is sufficient to induce OA traits. Such hyperphysiological compression triggers a shift in cartilage homeostasis towards catabolism and inflammation, hypertrophy, and the acquisition of a gene expression profile akin to those seen in clinical osteoarthritic tissue. The cartilage on-a-chip model may enable the screening of DMOA candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Occhetta
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Mainardi
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, Allschwil, Switzerland.,Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Emiliano Votta
- Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Queralt Vallmajo-Martin
- Department of Obstetrics, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Zurich Centre for Integrative Human Physiology, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Martin Ehrbar
- Department of Obstetrics, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Zurich Centre for Integrative Human Physiology, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ivan Martin
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, Allschwil, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Barbero
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Marco Rasponi
- Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
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35
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Fan L, Chen J, Tao Y, Heng BC, Yu J, Yang Z, Ge Z. Enhancement of the chondrogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells and cartilage repair by ghrelin. J Orthop Res 2019; 37:1387-1397. [PMID: 30644571 DOI: 10.1002/jor.24224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) is commonly utilized in chondrogenic differentiation protocols, but this often results in incomplete maturation of the derived chondrocytes. Gene expression analysis, quantitation of sulfated glycosaminoglycan and collagen, and histological staining were performed to assess the effects of ghrelin. The signaling pathways involved were investigated with inhibitors or targeted by shRNAs. Joint cavity delivery of TGF-β with or without ghrelin, within a rat cartilage defect model was performed to evaluate the in vivo effects of ghrelin. Ghrelin dramatically enhanced gene expression levels of SOX9, ACAN, and COL II and resulted in increased synthesis of sulfated glycosaminoglycan (sGAG) and collagen in vitro. Combined treatment with TGF-β and ghrelin synergistically enhanced the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and DMNT3A, which accounted for increased expression of chondrogenic genes. Delivery of ghrelin in combination with TGF-β after MSC implantation within a rat osteochondral defect model significantly enhanced de novo cartilage regeneration, as compared to delivery with TGF-β alone. In conclusion, ghrelin could significantly enhance MSC chondrogenic differentiation in vitro and can also enhance cartilage regeneration in vivo when used in combination with TGF-β. © 2019 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 37:1387-1397, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Litong Fan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Jiaqing Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Yanmeng Tao
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Boon Chin Heng
- Faculty of Dentistry, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jiakuo Yu
- Institute of Sports Medicine of Peking University 3rd Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zheng Yang
- Tissue Engineering Program, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, 27 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117510, Singapore
| | - Zigang Ge
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
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36
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Skeletal-muscle-derived mesenchymal stem/stromal cells from patients with osteoarthritis show superior biological properties compared to bone-derived cells. Stem Cell Res 2019; 38:101465. [PMID: 31132579 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2019.101465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) are being exploited for patient-derived stem-cell therapies. As the biological properties of MSCs derived from skeletal muscle of osteoarthritis patients are poorly understood, the aim of this study was to compare muscle MSCs with well-recognized bone and bone marrow-derived MSCs from these patients. Paired samples of skeletal muscle and trabecular bone tissue were obtained from 21 patients with osteoarthritis. Isolated cells were compared using ex vivo immunophenotyping and detailed in vitro analyses. These included the colony forming unit fibroblast assay, growth kinetics, senescence, multilineage potential, immunophenotyping, and MSC marker gene expression profiling. Freshly isolated MSCs from muscle showed improved viability over bone-derived MSCs, with similar mesenchymal fraction. Muscle-derived MSCs showed superior clonogenicity, higher growth rates, and lower doubling times. Muscle-derived MSCs also showed superior osteogenic and myogenic properties and a positive correlation between CD271 expression and adipogenesis. Senescence rate as well as adipogenic and chondrogenic potentials were similar. Skeletal muscle-derived MSCs of osteoarthritis patients have superior clonogenicity and growth kinetics compared to bone-derived MSCs, making them a good candidate for autologous stem-cell therapies. Moreover, the positive correlation between CD271 and adipogenesis suggest that CD271 expressing muscle MSCs might contribute to muscle steatosis observed in osteoarthritis.
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37
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Diederichs S, Tonnier V, März M, Dreher SI, Geisbüsch A, Richter W. Regulation of WNT5A and WNT11 during MSC in vitro chondrogenesis: WNT inhibition lowers BMP and hedgehog activity, and reduces hypertrophy. CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR LIFE SCIENCES : CMLS 2019. [PMID: 30980110 DOI: 10.1007/s00018‐019‐03099‐0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Re-directing mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) chondrogenesis towards a non-hypertrophic articular chondrocyte-(AC)-like phenotype is important for improving articular cartilage neogenesis to enhance clinical cartilage repair strategies. This study is the first to demonstrate that high levels of non-canonical WNT5A followed by WNT11 and LEF1 discriminated MSC chondrogenesis from AC re-differentiation. Moreover, β-catenin seemed incompletely silenced in differentiating MSCs, which altogether suggested a role for WNT signaling in hypertrophic MSC differentiation. WNT inhibition with the small molecule IWP-2 supported MSC chondrogenesis according to elevated proteoglycan deposition and reduced the characteristic upregulation of BMP4, BMP7 and their target ID1, as well as IHH and its target GLI1 observed during endochondral differentiation. Along with the pro-hypertrophic transcription factor MEF2C, multiple hypertrophic downstream targets including IBSP and alkaline phosphatase activity were reduced by IWP-2, demonstrating that WNT activity drives BMP and hedgehog upregulation, and MSC hypertrophy. WNT inhibition almost matched the strong anti-hypertrophic capacity of pulsed parathyroid hormone-related protein application, and both outperformed suppression of BMP signaling with dorsomorphin, which also reduced cartilage matrix deposition. Yet, hypertrophic marker expression under IWP-2 remained above AC level, and in vivo mineralization and ectopic bone formation were reduced but not eliminated. Overall, the strong anti-hypertrophic effects of IWP-2 involved inhibition but not silencing of pro-hypertrophic BMP and IHH pathways, and more advanced silencing of WNT activity as well as combined application of IHH or BMP antagonists should next be considered to install articular cartilage neogenesis from human MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solvig Diederichs
- Research Center for Experimental Orthopaedics, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Veronika Tonnier
- Research Center for Experimental Orthopaedics, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Melanie März
- Research Center for Experimental Orthopaedics, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Simon I Dreher
- Research Center for Experimental Orthopaedics, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andreas Geisbüsch
- Clinic for Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Wiltrud Richter
- Research Center for Experimental Orthopaedics, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.
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38
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Regional gene expression analysis of multiple tissues in an experimental animal model of post-traumatic osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2019; 27:294-303. [PMID: 30448533 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2018.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Revised: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To characterize local disease progression of the medial meniscus transection (MMT) model of post-traumatic osteoarthritis (OA) at the molecular level, in order to establish a baseline for therapeutic testing at the preclinical stage. DESIGN Weight-matched male Lewis rats underwent MMT or sham surgery on the left limb with the right leg as contralateral control. At 1 and 3 weeks post-surgery, tissues were harvested from different areas of the articular cartilage (medial and lateral tibial plateaus, and medial osteophyte region) and synovium (medial and lateral), and analyzed separately. RNA was extracted and used for microarray (RT-PCR) analysis. RESULTS Gene expression changes due to surgery were isolated to the medial side of the joint. Gene changes in chondrocyte phenotype of the medial tibial plateau cartilage preceded changes in tissue composition genes. Differences in inflammatory markers were only observed at the osteophyte region at 3 weeks post-surgery. There was surgical noise in the synovium at week 1, which dissipated at week 3. At this later timepoint, meniscal instability resulted in elevated expression of matrix degradation proteins and osteogenic markers in the synovium and cartilage. CONCLUSION These results suggest feedback interactions between joint tissues during disease progression. Regional tissue expression differences found in MMT joints indicated similar pathophysiology to human OA, and provided novel insights about this degeneration model. The examination of gene expression at a localized level in multiple tissues provides a well-characterized baseline to evaluate mechanistic effects of potential therapeutic agents on OA disease progression in the MMT model.
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39
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Cunniffe GM, Díaz-Payno PJ, Sheehy EJ, Critchley SE, Almeida HV, Pitacco P, Carroll SF, Mahon OR, Dunne A, Levingstone TJ, Moran CJ, Brady RT, O'Brien FJ, Brama PA, Kelly DJ. Tissue-specific extracellular matrix scaffolds for the regeneration of spatially complex musculoskeletal tissues. Biomaterials 2019; 188:63-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2018.09.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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40
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Rojas A, Mardones R, Pritzker K, van Wijnen AJ, Galindo MA, Las Heras F. Dickkopf-1 reduces hypertrophic changes in human chondrocytes derived from bone marrow stem cells. Gene 2018; 687:228-237. [PMID: 30447344 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.11.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The in vitro process of chondrogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) induces a pre-apoptotic hypertrophic phenotype, guided by the active status of the WNT/β‑catenin pathway. To achieve a stable chondrocyte phenotype for cartilage tissue engineering, it is necessary to gain a better understanding of specific genes that regulate the cartilage tissue phenotype. RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis of tissue samples from bone, cartilage, growth plate and muscle show that Dickkopf-1 (DKK1), a natural WNT canonical signaling inhibitor, is expressed in cartilage tissue. This observation reinforces the concept that inhibition of the WNT/β‑catenin pathway is critical for preventing avoid chondrocyte hypertrophy in vitro. We used two doses of DKK1 in a pellet cell culture system to inhibit the terminal differentiation of chondrocytes derived from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Bone marrow MSCs were cultured in chondrogenic induction medium with 50 and 200 ng/ml of DKK1 for 21 days. The highest doses of DKK1 reduce β‑catenin expression and nuclear localization at day 21, concomitant with reduced expression and activity of hypertrophy markers collagen type X (COL10A1) and alkaline phosphatase (ALPL), thus decreasing the pre-hypertrophic chondrocyte population. Furthermore, DKK1 stimulated expression of collagen type II (COL2A1) and glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), which represent healthy articular cartilage markers. We conclude that exogenous DKK1 impedes chondrocyte progression into a prehypertrophic stage and stimulates expression of healthy articular cartilage markers by blocking the WNT/β‑catenin pathway. Hence, DKK1 may promote a mature healthy articular cartilage phenotype and facilitate cartilage tissue engineering for joint repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Rojas
- Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, 8380453 Santiago, Chile; Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, 8380453 Santiago, Chile
| | - Rodrigo Mardones
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Clínica Las Condes, 7591047 Santiago, Chile
| | - Kenneth Pritzker
- Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Surgery, University of Toronto, M5S 1A1, Ontario, Canada; Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, M5G 1X5, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andre J van Wijnen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester 55905, MN, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester 55905, MN, USA
| | - Mario A Galindo
- Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, 8380453 Santiago, Chile; Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, 8380453 Santiago, Chile.
| | - Facundo Las Heras
- Pathology Department, Clínica Las Condes, 7591046 Santiago, Chile; Pathology Department, University of Chile, 8380453 Santiago, Chile.
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41
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Weinmann D, Kenn M, Schmidt S, Schmidt K, Walzer SM, Kubista B, Windhager R, Schreiner W, Toegel S, Gabius HJ. Galectin-8 induces functional disease markers in human osteoarthritis and cooperates with galectins-1 and -3. Cell Mol Life Sci 2018; 75:4187-4205. [PMID: 29934665 PMCID: PMC6182346 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-018-2856-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Revised: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The reading of glycan-encoded signals by tissue lectins is considered a major route of the flow of biological information in many (patho)physiological processes. The arising challenge for current research is to proceed from work on a distinct protein to family-wide testing of lectin function. Having previously identified homodimeric galectin-1 and chimera-type galectin-3 as molecular switches in osteoarthritis progression, we here provide proof-of-principle evidence for an intra-network cooperation of galectins with three types of modular architecture. We show that the presence of tandem-repeat-type galectin-8 significantly correlated with cartilage degeneration and that it is secreted by osteoarthritic chondrocytes. Glycan-inhibitable surface binding of galectin-8 to these cells increased gene transcription and the secretion of functional disease markers. The natural variant galectin-8 (F19Y) was less active than the prevalent form. Genome-wide array analysis revealed induction of a pro-degradative/inflammatory gene signature, largely under control of NF-κB signaling. This signature overlapped with respective gene-expression patterns elicited by galectins-1 and -3, but also presented supplementary features. Functional assays with mixtures of galectins that mimic the pathophysiological status unveiled cooperation between the three galectins. Our findings shape the novel concept to consider individual galectins as part of a so far not realized teamwork in osteoarthritis pathogenesis, with relevance beyond this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Weinmann
- Karl Chiari Lab for Orthopaedic Biology, Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Kenn
- Center for Medical Statistics, Informatics and Intelligent Systems, Institute of Biosimulation and Bioinformatics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sebastian Schmidt
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Katy Schmidt
- Center for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Department for Cell and Developmental Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sonja M Walzer
- Karl Chiari Lab for Orthopaedic Biology, Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Bernd Kubista
- Karl Chiari Lab for Orthopaedic Biology, Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Reinhard Windhager
- Karl Chiari Lab for Orthopaedic Biology, Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Schreiner
- Center for Medical Statistics, Informatics and Intelligent Systems, Institute of Biosimulation and Bioinformatics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefan Toegel
- Karl Chiari Lab for Orthopaedic Biology, Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
- Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster for Arthritis and Rehabilitation, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Hans-Joachim Gabius
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
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42
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Wypchło M, Korwin-Kossakowska A, Bereznowski A, Hecold M, Lewczuk D. Polymorphisms in selected genes and analysis of their relationship with osteochondrosis in Polish sport horse breeds. Anim Genet 2018; 49:623-627. [DOI: 10.1111/age.12715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Wypchło
- Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding of the Polish Academy of Science in Jastrzebiec; Postepu Street 36A 05-552 Magdalenka Poland
| | - A. Korwin-Kossakowska
- Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding of the Polish Academy of Science in Jastrzebiec; Postepu Street 36A 05-552 Magdalenka Poland
| | - A. Bereznowski
- Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW; Nowoursynowska Street 166 02-787 Warsaw Poland
| | - M. Hecold
- Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW; Nowoursynowska Street 166 02-787 Warsaw Poland
| | - D. Lewczuk
- Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding of the Polish Academy of Science in Jastrzebiec; Postepu Street 36A 05-552 Magdalenka Poland
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43
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Controlled Non-Viral Gene Delivery in Cartilage and Bone Repair: Current Strategies and Future Directions. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/adtp.201800038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Hayes AJ, Smith SM, Caterson B, Melrose J. Concise Review: Stem/Progenitor Cell Proteoglycans Decorated with 7-D-4, 4-C-3, and 3-B-3(-) Chondroitin Sulfate Motifs Are Morphogenetic Markers of Tissue Development. Stem Cells 2018; 36:1475-1486. [PMID: 29893019 PMCID: PMC6381390 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Revised: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
This study reviewed the occurrence of chondroitin sulfate (CS) motifs 4-C-3, 7-D-4, and 3-B-3(-), which are expressed by progenitor cells in tissues undergoing morphogenesis. These motifs have a transient early expression pattern during tissue development and also appear in mature tissues during pathological remodeling and attempted repair processes by activated adult stem cells. The CS motifs are information and recognition modules, which may regulate cellular behavior and delineate stem cell niches in developmental tissues. One of the difficulties in determining the precise role of stem cells in tissue development and repair processes is their short engraftment period and the lack of specific markers, which differentiate the activated stem cell lineages from the resident cells. The CS sulfation motifs 7-D-4, 4-C-3, and 3-B-3 (-) decorate cell surface proteoglycans on activated stem/progenitor cells and appear to identify these cells in transitional areas of tissue development and in tissue repair and may be applicable to determining a more precise role for stem cells in tissue morphogenesis. Stem Cells 2018;36:1475-1486.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony J Hayes
- Bioimaging Research Hub, Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Susan M Smith
- Raymond Purves Bone and Joint Research Laboratories, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Royal North Shore Hospital and University of Sydney, St. Leonards, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Bruce Caterson
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - James Melrose
- Raymond Purves Bone and Joint Research Laboratories, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Royal North Shore Hospital and University of Sydney, St. Leonards, New South Wales, Australia.,Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Lee JY, Matthias N, Pothiawala A, Ang BK, Lee M, Li J, Sun D, Pigeot S, Martin I, Huard J, Huang Y, Nakayama N. Pre-transplantational Control of the Post-transplantational Fate of Human Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cartilage. Stem Cell Reports 2018; 11:440-453. [PMID: 30057264 PMCID: PMC6092881 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2018.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Revised: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Cartilage pellets generated from ectomesenchymal progeny of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) in vitro eventually show signs of commitment of chondrocytes to hypertrophic differentiation. When transplanted subcutaneously, most of the surviving pellets were fully mineralized by 8 weeks. In contrast, treatment with the adenylyl cyclase activator, forskolin, in vitro resulted in slightly enlarged cartilage pellets containing an increased proportion of proliferating immature chondrocytes that expressed very low levels of hypertrophic/terminally matured chondrocyte-specific genes. Forskolin treatment also enhanced hyaline cartilage formation by reducing type I collagen gene expression and increasing sulfated glycosaminoglycan accumulation in the developed cartilage. Chondrogenic mesoderm from hPSCs and dedifferentiated nasal chondrocytes responded similarly to forskolin. Furthermore, forskolin treatment in vitro increased the frequency at which the cartilage pellets maintained unmineralized chondrocytes after subcutaneous transplantation. Thus, the post-transplantational fate of chondrocytes originating from hPSC-derived chondroprogenitors can be controlled during their genesis in vitro. Forskolin/cAMP suppresses/delays BMP-induced chondrocyte maturation in vitro Forskolin supports chondrocyte proliferation and hyaline chondrogenesis in vitro Forskolin suppresses osteogenesis and BMP signaling gene expression in cartilage In vitro forskolin treatment improves in vivo maintenance of uncalcified cartilage
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Affiliation(s)
- John Y Lee
- Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth) Medical School, 1825 Pressler St., Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Nadine Matthias
- Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth) Medical School, 1825 Pressler St., Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Azim Pothiawala
- Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth) Medical School, 1825 Pressler St., Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Bryan K Ang
- Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth) Medical School, 1825 Pressler St., Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Minjung Lee
- Institute of Biosciences and Technology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jia Li
- Institute of Biosciences and Technology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Deqiang Sun
- Institute of Biosciences and Technology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Sebastien Pigeot
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel CH-4031, Switzerland
| | - Ivan Martin
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel CH-4031, Switzerland
| | - Johnny Huard
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UTHealth Medical School, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yun Huang
- Institute of Biosciences and Technology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Naoki Nakayama
- Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth) Medical School, 1825 Pressler St., Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UTHealth Medical School, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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46
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Huang X, Post JN, Zhong L, Leijten J, Larsson S, Karperien M, Struglics A. Dickkopf-related protein 1 and gremlin 1 show different response than frizzled-related protein in human synovial fluid following knee injury and in patients with osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2018. [PMID: 29526783 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2018.02.904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the involvement of the wingless-type MMTV integration site (WNT) and bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) antagonists dickkopf-related protein 1 (DKK1), frizzled-related protein (FRZB) and gremlin 1 (GREM1) in knee injury and osteoarthritis (OA). DESIGN The antagonists were immunoassayed in synovial fluid from a cross-sectional cohort of nine knee healthy reference subjects, patients with recent (0-77 days, n = 158) or old (1-37 years, n = 50) knee injuries, and OA (n = 22). Cartilage (ARGS-aggrecan, cartilage oligomeric matrix protein and C2C type II collagen) and other biomarkers were assessed in synovial fluid in a subset of samples. Statistical analysis was by Kendall's tau (τ) correlation, Mann-Whitney U test, and linear regression analysis. RESULTS Compared to references, median concentration of GREM1 (but not DKK1 and FRZB) was elevated 1.5-fold immediately after injury, and FRZB was reduced 1000-folds in OA. All three antagonists decreased with increasing time after injury as well as with increasing age, but the temporal change after injury was less accentuated for FRZB (peaked 8-22 days after injury) compared to that of DKK1 and GREM1 (peaked immediately after injury). In the recent injury group, there was a correlation between GREM1 and DKK1 (τ = 0.172); FRZB concentrations correlated with concentrations of cartilage biomarkers (τ between 0.257 and 0.369), while DKK1 and GREM1 were inversely correlated (τ between -0.177 and -0.217) with these markers. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate separate roles for the antagonists, where DKK1 and GREM1 had similarities in response to injury and in OA, with a different response for FRZB.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Huang
- Department of Developmental BioEngineering, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands.
| | - J N Post
- Department of Developmental BioEngineering, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands.
| | - L Zhong
- Department of Developmental BioEngineering, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands.
| | - J Leijten
- Department of Developmental BioEngineering, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands.
| | - S Larsson
- Lund University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Orthopaedics, Lund, Sweden.
| | - M Karperien
- Department of Developmental BioEngineering, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands.
| | - A Struglics
- Lund University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Orthopaedics, Lund, Sweden.
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47
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Paradise CR, Galeano-Garces C, Galeano-Garces D, Dudakovic A, Milbrandt TA, Saris DBF, Krych AJ, Karperien M, Ferguson GB, Evseenko D, Riester SM, van Wijnen AJ, Larson AN. Molecular characterization of physis tissue by RNA sequencing. Gene 2018; 668:87-96. [PMID: 29775757 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.05.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The physis is a well-established and anatomically distinct cartilaginous structure that is crucial for normal long-bone development and growth. Abnormalities in physis function are linked to growth plate disorders and other pediatric musculoskeletal diseases. Understanding the molecular pathways operative in the physis may permit development of regenerative therapies to complement surgically-based procedures that are the current standard of care for growth plate disorders. Here, we performed next generation RNA sequencing on mRNA isolated from human physis and other skeletal tissues (e.g., articular cartilage and bone; n = 7 for each tissue). We observed statistically significant enrichment of gene sets in the physis when compared to the other musculoskeletal tissues. Further analysis of these upregulated genes identified physis-specific networks of extracellular matrix proteins including collagens (COL2A1, COL6A1, COL9A1, COL14A1, COL16A1) and matrilins (MATN1, MATN2, MATN3), and signaling proteins in the WNT pathway (WNT10B, FZD1, FZD10, DKK2) or the FGF pathway (FGF10, FGFR4). Our results provide further insight into the gene expression networks that contribute to the physis' unique structural composition and regulatory signaling networks. Physis-specific expression profiles may guide ongoing initiatives in tissue engineering and cell-based therapies for treatment of growth plate disorders and growth modulation therapies. Furthermore, our findings provide new leads for therapeutic drug discovery that would permit future intervention through pharmacological rather than surgical strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher R Paradise
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Catalina Galeano-Garces
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Department of Developmental BioEngineering, University of Twente, Enschede, Netherlands
| | | | - Amel Dudakovic
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Todd A Milbrandt
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Daniel B F Saris
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Department of Developmental BioEngineering, University of Twente, Enschede, Netherlands; Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Aaron J Krych
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Department of Sports Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Marcel Karperien
- Department of Developmental BioEngineering, University of Twente, Enschede, Netherlands
| | - Gabriel B Ferguson
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Southern California (USC), Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Denis Evseenko
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Southern California (USC), Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Scott M Riester
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Andre J van Wijnen
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
| | - A Noelle Larson
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
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Hemmati-Sadeghi S, Ringe J, Dehne T, Haag R, Sittinger M. Hyaluronic Acid Influence on Normal and Osteoarthritic Tissue-Engineered Cartilage. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19051519. [PMID: 29783732 PMCID: PMC5983669 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19051519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Revised: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study is to identify gene expression profiles associated with hyaluronic acid (HA) treatment of normal and osteoarthritis (OA)-like tissue-engineered cartilage. 3D cartilage micromasses were treated with tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) (OA-inducer) and/or HA for 7 days. Viability was examined by PI/FDA staining. To document extracellular matrix (ECM) formation, glycosaminoglycans (GAG) were stained with Safranin-O and cartilage-specific type II collagen was detected immunohistochemically. Genome-wide gene expression was determined using microarray analysis. Normal and OA-like micromasses remained vital and showed a spherical morphology and homogenous cell distribution regardless of the treatment. There was no distinct difference in immunolabeling for type II collagen. Safranin-O staining demonstrated a typical depletion of GAG in TNF-α-treated micromasses (−73%), although the extent was limited in the presence of HA (−39%). The microarray data showed that HA can influence the cartilage metabolism via upregulation of TIMP3 in OA-like condition. The upregulation of VEGFA and ANKRD37 genes implies a supportive role of HA in cartilage maturation and survival. The results of this study validate the feasibility of the in vitro OA model for the investigation of HA. On the cellular level, no inhibiting or activating effect of HA was shown. Microarray data demonstrated a minor impact of HA on gene expression level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shabnam Hemmati-Sadeghi
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin-Brandenburg School for Regenerative Therapies, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies & Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Jochen Ringe
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies & Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Tilo Dehne
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies & Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Rainer Haag
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Michael Sittinger
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies & Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
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Developmentally inspired programming of adult human mesenchymal stromal cells toward stable chondrogenesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:4625-4630. [PMID: 29666250 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1720658115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
It is generally accepted that adult human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSCs) are default committed toward osteogenesis. Even when induced to chondrogenesis, hMSCs typically form hypertrophic cartilage that undergoes endochondral ossification. Because embryonic mesenchyme is obviously competent to generate phenotypically stable cartilage, it is questioned whether there is a correspondence between mesenchymal progenitor compartments during development and in adulthood. Here we tested whether forcing specific early events of articular cartilage development can program hMSC fate toward stable chondrogenesis. Inspired by recent findings that spatial restriction of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling guides embryonic progenitors toward articular cartilage formation, we hypothesized that selective inhibition of BMP drives the phenotypic stability of hMSC-derived chondrocytes. Two BMP type I receptor-biased kinase inhibitors were screened in a microfluidic platform for their time- and dose-dependent effect on hMSC chondrogenesis. The different receptor selectivity profile of tested compounds allowed demonstration that transient blockade of both ALK2 and ALK3 receptors, while permissive to hMSC cartilage formation, is necessary and sufficient to maintain a stable chondrocyte phenotype. Remarkably, even upon compound removal, hMSCs were no longer competent to undergo hypertrophy in vitro and endochondral ossification in vivo, indicating the onset of a constitutive change. Our findings demonstrate that adult hMSCs effectively share properties of embryonic mesenchyme in the formation of transient but also of stable cartilage. This opens potential pharmacological strategies to articular cartilage regeneration and more broadly indicates the relevance of developmentally inspired protocols to control the fate of adult progenitor cell systems.
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50
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Jin GZ, Kim HW. Chondrogenic Potential of Dedifferentiated Rat Chondrocytes Reevaluated in Two- and Three-Dimensional Culture Conditions. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2018; 15:163-172. [PMID: 30603544 PMCID: PMC6171694 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-017-0094-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Revised: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
For the cartilage repair, the cell sources currently adopted are primarily chondrocytes or mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Due to the fact that chondrocytes dedifferentiate during 2-dimensional (2D) expansion, MSCs are generally more studied and considered to have higher potential for cartilage repair purposes. Here we question if the dedifferentiated chondrocytes can regain the chondrogenic potential, to find potential applications in cartilage repair. For this we chose chondrocytes at passage 12 (considered to have sufficiently dedifferentiated) and the expression of chondrogenic phenotypes and matrix syntheses were examined over 14 days. In particular, the chondrogenic potential of MSCs was also compared. Results showed that the dedifferentiated chondrocytes proliferated actively over 14 days with almost 2.5-fold increase relative to MSCs. Moreover, the chondrogenic ability of chondrocytes was significantly higher than that of MSCs, as confirmed by the expression of a series of mRNA levels and the production of cartilage extracellular matrix molecules in 2D-monolayer and 3-dimensional (3D)-spheroid cultures. Of note, the significance was higher in 3D-culture than in 2D-culture. Although more studies are needed such as the use of different cell passages and human cell source, and the chondrogenic confirmation under in vivo conditions, this study showing that the dedifferentiated chondrocytes can also be a suitable cell source for the cell-based cartilage repair, as a counterpart of MSCs, will encourage further studies regarding this issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Zhen Jin
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan, 31116 Korea
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science and BK21 PLUS NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116 Korea
| | - Hae-Won Kim
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan, 31116 Korea
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science and BK21 PLUS NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116 Korea
- Department of Biomaterials Science, School of Dentistry, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116 Korea
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