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Chiñas M, Fernandez-Salinas D, Aguiar VRC, Nieto-Caballero VE, Lefton M, Nigrovic PA, Ermann J, Gutierrez-Arcelus M. Functional genomics implicates natural killer cells in the pathogenesis of ankylosing spondylitis. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2024:2023.09.21.23295912. [PMID: 37808698 PMCID: PMC10557806 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.21.23295912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Objective Multiple lines of evidence indicate that ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a lymphocyte-driven disease. However, which lymphocyte populations are critical in AS pathogenesis is not known. In this study, we aimed to identify the key cell types mediating the genetic risk in AS using an unbiased functional genomics approach. Methods We integrated genome-wide association study (GWAS) data with epigenomic and transcriptomic datasets of human immune cells. To quantify enrichment of cell type-specific open chromatin or gene expression in AS risk loci, we used three published methods that have successfully identified relevant cell types in other diseases. We performed co-localization analyses between GWAS risk loci and genetic variants associated with gene expression (eQTL) to find putative target genes. Results Natural killer (NK) cell-specific open chromatin regions are significantly enriched in heritability for AS, compared to other immune cell types such as T cells, B cells, and monocytes. This finding was consistent between two AS GWAS. Using RNA-seq data, we validated that genes in AS risk loci are enriched in NK cell-specific gene expression. Using the human Space-Time Gut Cell Atlas, we also found significant upregulation of AS-associated genes predominantly in NK cells. Co-localization analysis revealed four AS risk loci affecting regulation of candidate target genes in NK cells: two known loci, ERAP1 and TNFRSF1A, and two under-studied loci, ENTR1 (aka SDCCAG3) and B3GNT2. Conclusion Our findings suggest that NK cells may play a crucial role in AS development and highlight four putative target genes for functional follow-up in NK cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Chiñas
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Daniela Fernandez-Salinas
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Licenciatura en Ciencias Genomicas, Centro de Ciencias Genomicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Morelos 62210, Mexico
| | - Vitor R. C. Aguiar
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Victor E. Nieto-Caballero
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Licenciatura en Ciencias Genomicas, Centro de Ciencias Genomicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Morelos 62210, Mexico
| | - Micah Lefton
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation and Immunity, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Peter A. Nigrovic
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation and Immunity, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Joerg Ermann
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation and Immunity, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Maria Gutierrez-Arcelus
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
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2
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Venema WJ, Hiddingh S, van Loosdregt J, Bowes J, Balliu B, de Boer JH, Ossewaarde-van Norel J, Thompson SD, Langefeld CD, de Ligt A, van der Veken LT, Krijger PHL, de Laat W, Kuiper JJW. A cis-regulatory element regulates ERAP2 expression through autoimmune disease risk SNPs. CELL GENOMICS 2024; 4:100460. [PMID: 38190099 PMCID: PMC10794781 DOI: 10.1016/j.xgen.2023.100460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) near the ERAP2 gene are associated with various autoimmune conditions, as well as protection against lethal infections. Due to high linkage disequilibrium, numerous trait-associated SNPs are correlated with ERAP2 expression; however, their functional mechanisms remain unidentified. We show by reciprocal allelic replacement that ERAP2 expression is directly controlled by the splice region variant rs2248374. However, disease-associated variants in the downstream LNPEP gene promoter are independently associated with ERAP2 expression. Allele-specific conformation capture assays revealed long-range chromatin contacts between the gene promoters of LNPEP and ERAP2 and showed that interactions were stronger in patients carrying the alleles that increase susceptibility to autoimmune diseases. Replacing the SNPs in the LNPEP promoter by reference sequences lowered ERAP2 expression. These findings show that multiple SNPs act in concert to regulate ERAP2 expression and that disease-associated variants can convert a gene promoter region into a potent enhancer of a distal gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wouter J Venema
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Sanne Hiddingh
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Jorg van Loosdregt
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - John Bowes
- Centre for Genetics and Genomics Versus Arthritis, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Brunilda Balliu
- Department of Computational Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Joke H de Boer
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | | | - Susan D Thompson
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Carl D Langefeld
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, and Center for Precision Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Aafke de Ligt
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Lars T van der Veken
- Department of Genetics, Division Laboratories, Pharmacy and Biomedical Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Peter H L Krijger
- Oncode Institute, Hubrecht Institute-KNAW and University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CT Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Wouter de Laat
- Oncode Institute, Hubrecht Institute-KNAW and University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CT Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Jonas J W Kuiper
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
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3
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Nowak I, Bochen P. The Antigen-Processing Pathway via Major Histocompatibility Complex I as a New Perspective in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Endometriosis. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz) 2024; 72:aite-2024-0008. [PMID: 38478380 DOI: 10.2478/aite-2024-0008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Endometriosis is a debilitating gynecological disease defined as the presence of endometrium-like epithelium and/or stroma outside the uterine cavity. The most commonly affected sites are the pelvic peritoneum, ovaries, uterosacral ligaments, and the rectovaginal septum. The aberrant tissue responds to hormonal stimulation, undergoing cyclical growth and shedding similar to appropriately located endometrial tissue in the uterus. Common symptoms of endometriosis are painful periods and ovulation, severe pelvic cramping, heavy bleeding, pain during sex, urination and bowel pain, bleeding, and pain between periods. Numerous theories have been proposed to explain the pathogenesis of endometriosis. Sampson's theory of retrograde menstruation is considered to be the most accepted. This theory assumes that endometriosis occurs due to the retrograde flow of endometrial cells through the fallopian tubes during menstruation. However, it has been shown that this process takes place in 90% of women, while endometriosis is diagnosed in only 10% of them. This means that there must be a mechanism that blocks the immune system from removing endometrial cells and interferes with its function, leading to implantation of the ectopic endometrium and the formation of lesions. In this review, we consider the contribution of components of the Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC)-I-mediated antigen-processing pathway, such as the ERAP, TAP, LMP, LNPEP, and tapasin, to the susceptibility, onset, and severity of endometriosis. These elements can induce significant changes in MHC-I-bound peptidomes that may influence the response of immune cells to ectopic endometrial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Nowak
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Laboratory of Immunogenetics and Tissue, Immunology, Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Patrycja Bochen
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Laboratory of Immunogenetics and Tissue, Immunology, Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
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Saad MA, Abdul-Sattar AB, Abdelal IT, Baraka A. Shedding Light on the Role of ERAP1 in Axial Spondyloarthritis. Cureus 2023; 15:e48806. [PMID: 38024089 PMCID: PMC10645460 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.48806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Spondyloarthritis (SpA) is a multifactorial chronic inflammatory disease affecting the axial skeleton (axSpA) and/or peripheral joints (p-SpA) and entheses. The disease's pathogenesis depends on genetic, immunological, mechanical, and environmental factors. Endoplasmic reticulum aminopeptidase 1 (ERAP1) is a multifunctional enzyme that shapes the peptide repertoire presented by major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified different single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in ERAP1 that are associated with several autoimmune diseases, including axSpA. Therefore, a deeper understanding of the ERAP1 role in axSpA could make it a potential therapeutic target for this disease and offer greater insight into its impact on the immune system. Here, we review the biological functions and structure of ERAP1, discuss ERAP1 polymorphisms and their association with axSpA, highlight the interaction between ERAP1 and human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-B27, and review the association between ERAP1 SNPs and axSpA clinical parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A Saad
- Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (PMR) Hospital, Kuwait, KWT
| | - Amal B Abdul-Sattar
- Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, EGY
| | - Ibrahim T Abdelal
- Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, EGY
| | - Ahmed Baraka
- Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, EGY
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Blander JM, Yee Mon KJ, Jha A, Roycroft D. The show and tell of cross-presentation. Adv Immunol 2023; 159:33-114. [PMID: 37996207 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ai.2023.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Cross-presentation is the culmination of complex subcellular processes that allow the processing of exogenous proteins and the presentation of resultant peptides on major histocompatibility class I (MHC-I) molecules to CD8 T cells. Dendritic cells (DCs) are a cell type that uniquely specializes in cross-presentation, mainly in the context of viral or non-viral infection and cancer. DCs have an extensive network of endovesicular pathways that orchestrate the biogenesis of an ideal cross-presentation compartment where processed antigen, MHC-I molecules, and the MHC-I peptide loading machinery all meet. As a central conveyor of information to CD8 T cells, cross-presentation allows cross-priming of T cells which carry out robust adaptive immune responses for tumor and viral clearance. Cross-presentation can be canonical or noncanonical depending on the functional status of the transporter associated with antigen processing (TAP), which in turn influences the vesicular route of MHC-I delivery to internalized antigen and the cross-presented repertoire of peptides. Because TAP is a central node in MHC-I presentation, it is targeted by immune evasive viruses and cancers. Thus, understanding the differences between canonical and noncanonical cross-presentation may inform new therapeutic avenues against cancer and infectious disease. Defects in cross-presentation on a cellular and genetic level lead to immune-related disease progression, recurrent infection, and cancer progression. In this chapter, we review the process of cross-presentation beginning with the DC subsets that conduct cross-presentation, the signals that regulate cross-presentation, the vesicular trafficking pathways that orchestrate cross-presentation, the modes of cross-presentation, and ending with disease contexts where cross-presentation plays a role.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Magarian Blander
- Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, United States; Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, United States; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, United States; Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, United States; Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis Programs, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, United States.
| | - Kristel Joy Yee Mon
- Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, United States; Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Atimukta Jha
- Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, United States; Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Dylan Roycroft
- Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, United States; Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, United States
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6
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Kim SH, Lee SH. Updates on ankylosing spondylitis: pathogenesis and therapeutic agents. JOURNAL OF RHEUMATIC DISEASES 2023; 30:220-233. [PMID: 37736590 PMCID: PMC10509639 DOI: 10.4078/jrd.2023.0041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is an autoinflammatory disease that manifests with the unique feature of enthesitis. Gut microbiota, HLA-B*27, and biomechanical stress mutually influence and interact resulting in setting off a flame of inflammation. In the HLA-B*27 positive group, dysbiosis in the gut environment disrupts the barrier to exogenous bacteria or viruses. Additionally, biomechanical stress induces inflammation through enthesial resident or gut-origin immune cells. On this basis, innate and adaptive immunity can propagate inflammation and lead to chronic disease. Finally, bone homeostasis is regulated by cytokines, by which the inflamed region is substituted into new bone. Agents that block cytokines are constantly being developed to provide diverse therapeutic options for preventing the progression of inflammation. In addition, some antibodies have been shown to distinguish disease selectively, which support the involvement of autoimmune immunity in AS. In this review, we critically analyze the complexity and uniqueness of the pathogenesis with updates on the findings of immunity and provide new information about biologics and biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Se Hee Kim
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang-Hoon Lee
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
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7
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Wagner M, Sobczyński M, Jasek M, Pawełczyk K, Porębska I, Kuśnierczyk P, Wiśniewski A. Down-regulation of ERAP1 mRNA expression in non-small cell lung cancer. BMC Cancer 2023; 23:383. [PMID: 37101107 PMCID: PMC10134604 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-023-10785-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND ERAP1 is a major aminopeptidase that serves as an editor of the peptide repertoire by trimming N-terminal residues of antigenic peptides, creating a pool of peptides with the optimal length for MHC-I binding. As an important component of the antigen processing and presenting machinery - APM, ERAP1 is frequently down-regulated in many cancers. Since ERAP1 expression has not yet been thoroughly investigated in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), we decided to analyze ERAP1 mRNA levels in tissues collected from NSCLC patients. METHODS Using real-time qPCR, we evaluated ERAP1 mRNA expression in samples of tumor and adjacent non-tumor tissue (serving as control tissue) from 61 NSCLC patients. RESULTS We observed a significantly lower level of ERAP1 mRNA expression in tumor tissue (MedTumor = 0.75) in comparison to non-tumor tissue (MedNon-tumor = 1.1), p = 0.008. One of the five tested polymorphisms, namely rs26653, turned out to be significantly associated with ERAP1 expression in non-tumor tissue (difference [d] = 0.59 CI95% (0.14;1.05), p = 0.0086), but not in tumor tissue. The levels of ERAP1 mRNA expression did not affect the overall survival of NSCLC patients, either in the case of the tumor (p = 0.788) or in non-tumor (p = 0.298) tissue. We did not detect any association between mRNA ERAP1 expression level in normal tissue and: (i) age at diagnosis (p = 0.8386), (ii) patient's sex (p = 0.3616), (iii) histological type of cancer (p = 0.7580) and (iv) clinical stage of NSCLC (p = 0.7549). Furthermore, in the case of tumor tissue none of the abovementioned clinical parameters were associated with ERAP1 expression (p = 0.76). CONCLUSION Down-regulation of ERAP1 mRNA observed in NSCLC tissue may be related to tumor immune evasion strategy. The rs26653 polymorphism can be considered an expression quantitative trait locus (eQTL) associated with ERAP1 expression in normal lung tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Wagner
- Laboratory of Genetics and Epigenetics of Human Diseases, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Maciej Sobczyński
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Monika Jasek
- Laboratory of Genetics and Epigenetics of Human Diseases, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Konrad Pawełczyk
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Lower Silesian Centre of Oncology, Pulmonology and Haematology, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Irena Porębska
- Department of Pulmonology and Lung Oncology, Wrocław Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Piotr Kuśnierczyk
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics and Tissue Immunology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Andrzej Wiśniewski
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics and Tissue Immunology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wrocław, Poland.
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8
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Kuiper JJ, Prinz JC, Stratikos E, Kuśnierczyk P, Arakawa A, Springer S, Mintoff D, Padjen I, Shumnalieva R, Vural S, Kötter I, van de Sande MG, Boyvat A, de Boer JH, Bertsias G, de Vries N, Krieckaert CL, Leal I, Vidovič Valentinčič N, Tugal-Tutkun I, El Khaldi Ahanach H, Costantino F, Glatigny S, Mrazovac Zimak D, Lötscher F, Kerstens FG, Bakula M, Viera Sousa E, Böhm P, Bosman K, Kenna TJ, Powis SJ, Breban M, Gul A, Bowes J, Lories RJ, Nowatzky J, Wolbink GJ, McGonagle DG, Turkstra F. EULAR study group on ‘MHC-I-opathy’: identifying disease-overarching mechanisms across disciplines and borders. Ann Rheum Dis 2023:ard-2022-222852. [PMID: 36987655 DOI: 10.1136/ard-2022-222852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
The ‘MHC-I (major histocompatibility complex class I)-opathy’ concept describes a family of inflammatory conditions with overlapping clinical manifestations and a strong genetic link to the MHC-I antigen presentation pathway. Classical MHC-I-opathies such as spondyloarthritis, Behçet’s disease, psoriasis and birdshot uveitis are widely recognised for their strong association with certain MHC-I alleles and gene variants of the antigen processing aminopeptidases ERAP1 and ERAP2 that implicates altered MHC-I peptide presentation to CD8+T cells in the pathogenesis. Progress in understanding the cause and treatment of these disorders is hampered by patient phenotypic heterogeneity and lack of systematic investigation of the MHC-I pathway.Here, we discuss new insights into the biology of MHC-I-opathies that strongly advocate for disease-overarching and integrated molecular and clinical investigation to decipher underlying disease mechanisms. Because this requires transformative multidisciplinary collaboration, we introduce the EULAR study group on MHC-I-opathies to unite clinical expertise in rheumatology, dermatology and ophthalmology, with fundamental and translational researchers from multiple disciplines such as immunology, genomics and proteomics, alongside patient partners. We prioritise standardisation of disease phenotypes and scientific nomenclature and propose interdisciplinary genetic and translational studies to exploit emerging therapeutic strategies to understand MHC-I-mediated disease mechanisms. These collaborative efforts are required to address outstanding questions in the etiopathogenesis of MHC-I-opathies towards improving patient treatment and prognostication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Jw Kuiper
- Department of Ophthalmology, Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jörg C Prinz
- University Hospital, department of Dermatology and Allergy, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Munchen, Germany
| | - Efstratios Stratikos
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Piotr Kuśnierczyk
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics and Tissue Immunology, Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy Ludwik Hirszfeld Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Akiko Arakawa
- University Hospital, department of Dermatology and Allergy, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Munchen, Germany
| | | | - Dillon Mintoff
- Department of Dermatology, Mater Dei Hospital, Msida, Malta
- Department of Pathology, University of Malta Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Msida, Malta
| | - Ivan Padjen
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Centre Zagreb Department of Internal Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
- University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Russka Shumnalieva
- Clinic of Rheumatology, Department of Rheumatology, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Seçil Vural
- School of Medicine, Department of Dermatology, Koç University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ina Kötter
- Clinic for Rheumatology and Immunology, Bad Bramdsted Hospital, Bad Bramstedt, Germany
- Division of Rheumatology and Systemic Inflammatory Diseases, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marleen G van de Sande
- University of Amsterdam, Department of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology and Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam Institute for Infection & Immunity, Amsterdam UMC Location AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center (ARC) | Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ayşe Boyvat
- Department of Dermatology, Ankara University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Joke H de Boer
- Department of Ophthalmology, Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - George Bertsias
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Crete School of Medicine, Iraklio, Greece
- Laboratory of Autoimmunity-Inflammation, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Niek de Vries
- University of Amsterdam, Department of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology and Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam Institute for Infection & Immunity, Amsterdam UMC Location AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center (ARC) | Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Charlotte Lm Krieckaert
- Amsterdam Rheumatology and immunology Center (ARC)| Reade, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Rheumatology, Reade Hoofdlocatie Dr Jan van Breemenstraat, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Inês Leal
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte EPE, Lisboa, Portugal
- Centro de Estudeos das Ciencias da Visão, Universidade de Lisboa Faculdade de Medicina, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Nataša Vidovič Valentinčič
- University Eye Clinic, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty of medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Ilknur Tugal-Tutkun
- Department of Ophthalmology, Istanbul University Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hanane El Khaldi Ahanach
- Departement of Ophthalmology, Amsterdam UMC Location AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Ophthalmology, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Félicie Costantino
- Service de Rheumatology, Hospital Ambroise-Pare, Boulogne-Billancourt, France
- Infection & Inflammation, UMR 1173, Inserm, UVSQ, University Paris-Saclay, Montigny-le-Bretonneux, France
| | - Simon Glatigny
- Infection & Inflammation, UMR 1173, Inserm, UVSQ/Université Paris Saclay, Montigny-le-Bretonneux, France
- Laboratoire d'Excellence Inflamex, Paris, France
| | | | - Fabian Lötscher
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Inselspital University Hospital Bern, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Floor G Kerstens
- Amsterdam Rheumatology and immunology Center (ARC)| Reade, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Rheumatology, Reade Hoofdlocatie Dr Jan van Breemenstraat, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marija Bakula
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Centre Zagreb Department of Internal Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Elsa Viera Sousa
- Rheumatology Research Unit Molecular João Lobo Antunes, University of Lisbon Medical Faculty, Lisboa, Portugal
- Rheumatology DepartmentSanta Maria Centro Hospital, Academic Medical Centre of Lisbon, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Peter Böhm
- Patientpartner, German League against Rheumatism, Bonn, Germany
| | - Kees Bosman
- Patientpartner, Nationale Vereniging ReumaZorg, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Tony J Kenna
- Translational Research Institute, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Simon J Powis
- School of Medicine, University of St Andrews School of Medicine, St Andrews, UK
| | - Maxime Breban
- Service de Rheumatology, Hospital Ambroise-Pare, Boulogne-Billancourt, France
- Infection & Inflammation, UMR 1173, Inserm, UVSQ, University Paris-Saclay, Montigny-le-Bretonneux, France
| | - Ahmet Gul
- Division of Rheumatology, Istanbul University Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - John Bowes
- Centre for Genetics and Genomics Versus Arthritis, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Center, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- NIHR Manchester Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Rik Ju Lories
- Department of Rheumatology, KU Leuven University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Skeletal Biology and Engineering Research Center, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Johannes Nowatzky
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, NYU Langone Behçet's Disease Program, NYU Langone Ocular Rheumatology Program, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York University, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Gerrit Jan Wolbink
- Amsterdam Rheumatology and immunology Center (ARC)| Reade, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department Immunopathology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dennis G McGonagle
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
- NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
| | - Franktien Turkstra
- Amsterdam Rheumatology and immunology Center (ARC)| Reade, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Rheumatology, Reade Hoofdlocatie Dr Jan van Breemenstraat, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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9
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Kuiper J, van Endert P. Uncovering the genomic toll of the Black Death. Trends Immunol 2023; 44:90-92. [PMID: 36526581 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2022.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The Black Death, a notorious devastating pandemic caused by Yersinia pestis infection during the 14th century, posed a formidable challenge to human immune defenses. A new article by Klunk et al. reports that a variant in an antigen-processing gene may have favored survival during the plague and may have undergone genomic selection in Europeans at unprecedented speed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Kuiper
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center Utrecht, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Peter van Endert
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM, CNRS, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, F-75015 Paris, France.
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10
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Genotype by sex interactions in ankylosing spondylitis. Nat Genet 2023; 55:14-16. [PMID: 36624341 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-022-01250-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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11
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Yu P, Luo S, Cai J, Li J, Peng C. ERAP2 as a potential biomarker for predicting gemcitabine response in patients with pancreatic cancer. Aging (Albany NY) 2022; 14:7941-7958. [PMID: 36214762 PMCID: PMC9596206 DOI: 10.18632/aging.204324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Objective: Pancreatic cancer is one of the most malignant tumors, with rapid metastasis, high mortality rate, and difficult early screening. Currently, gemcitabine is a first-line drug for pancreatic cancer patients, but its clinical effect is limited due to drug resistance. It is particularly important to further identify biomarkers associated with gemcitabine resistance to improve the sensitivity of gemcitabine treatment. Methods: Drug sensitivity data and the corresponding transcript data derived from the Genomics of Drug Sensitivity in Cancer (GDSC) database for correlation analysis was adopted to obtain genes related to gemcitabine sensitivity. Moreover, the survival model of pancreatic cancer patients treated with gemcitabine in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database was utilized to obtain key genes. Multiple in vitro assays were performed to verify the function of the key biomarker. Results: Endoplasmic Reticulum Aminopeptidase 2 (ERAP2) was identified as a biomarker promoting gemcitabine resistance, and its high expression resulted in a worse prognosis. Besides, gemcitabine significantly increased the mRNA and protein levels of ERAP2 in pancreatic cancer cells. Additionally, ERAP2 knockdown suppressed tumorigenesis and potentiated gemcitabine-induced growth, migration and invasion inhibition in human pancreatic cancer cells. Conclusions: ERAP2 may be a novel key biomarker for gemcitabine sensitivity and diagnosis, thus providing an effective therapeutic strategy for pancreatic cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pian Yu
- The Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410000, Hunan, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Personalized Diagnostic and Therapeutic Technology, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha 410000, Hunan, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha 410000, Hunan, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha 410000, Hunan, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha 410000, Hunan, China
| | - Shifu Luo
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Jiaxin Cai
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Jie Li
- The Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410000, Hunan, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Personalized Diagnostic and Therapeutic Technology, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha 410000, Hunan, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha 410000, Hunan, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha 410000, Hunan, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha 410000, Hunan, China
| | - Cong Peng
- The Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410000, Hunan, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Personalized Diagnostic and Therapeutic Technology, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha 410000, Hunan, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha 410000, Hunan, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha 410000, Hunan, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha 410000, Hunan, China
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12
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Liu S, Lu J, Wu J, Feng D, Su X, Cao H. Structural and biochemical insights into the association between ERAP1 polymorphism and autoimmune diseases. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 632:189-194. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.09.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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13
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Wang CM, Liu MK, Jan Wu YJ, Lin JC, Zheng JW, Wu J, Chen JY. Functional ERAP1 Variants Distinctively Associate with Ankylosing Spondylitis Susceptibility under the Influence of HLA-B27 in Taiwanese. Cells 2022; 11:cells11152427. [PMID: 35954271 PMCID: PMC9368314 DOI: 10.3390/cells11152427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Epistasis of ERAP1 single nucleotide variations (SNVs) and HLA-B27 has been linked to ankylosing spondylitis susceptibility (AS). The current study examined how prevalent ERAP1 allelic variants (SNV haplotypes) in Taiwan affect ERAP1 functions and AS susceptibility in the presence or absence of HLA-B27. Sanger sequencing was used to discover all ERAP1 coding SNVs and common allelic variants in Taiwanese full-length cDNAs from 45 human patients. For the genetic association investigation, TaqMan genotyping assays were utilized to establish the genotypes of ERAP1 SNVs in 863 AS patients and 1438 healthy controls. Ex vivo biological analysis of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from homozygous donors of two common-risk ERAP1 allelic variants was performed. Two common-risk ERAP1 allelic variants were also cloned and functionally studied. In Taiwanese, eleven frequent ERAP1 SNVs and six major ERAP1 allelic variants were discovered. We discovered that in Taiwanese, the most prevalent ERAP1-001 variant with 56E, 127R, 276I, 349M, 528K, 575D, 725R, and 730Q interacting with HLA-B27 significantly contributed to the development of AS. In HLA-B27 negative group, however, the second most prevalent ERAP1-002 variant with 56E, 127P, 276M, 349M, 528R, 575D, 725R, and 730E was substantially related with an increased risk of AS. Ex vivo and in vitro research demonstrated that ERAP1 allelic variants have a significant impact on ERAP1 functions, suggesting that ERAP1 plays a role in the development of AS. In an HLA-B27-dependent manner, common ERAP1 allelic variants are related with AS susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin-Man Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan City 333, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Kun Liu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan City 333, Taiwan
| | - Yeong-Jian Jan Wu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan City 333, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Chi Lin
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan City 333, Taiwan
| | - Jian-Wen Zheng
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan City 333, Taiwan
| | - Jianming Wu
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Ji-Yih Chen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan City 333, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-3-3281200 (ext. 2410); Fax: +886-3-3288287
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14
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Kuśnierczyk P. To Be or Not to Be: The Case of Endoplasmic Reticulum Aminopeptidase 2. Front Immunol 2022; 13:902567. [PMID: 35769458 PMCID: PMC9234130 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.902567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
To be, or not to be, that is the question. (William Shakespeare, Hamlet)
Endoplasmic reticulum aminopeptidases 1 and 2 (ERAP1 and ERAP2, respectively) play a role in trimming peptides that are too long to be bound and presented by class I HLA (HLA-I) molecules to CD8+ T cells. They may also affect the HLA-I-presented peptide repertoire by overtrimming potential epitopes. Both enzymes may also be released from the cell to cleave cytokine receptors and regulate blood pressure. Both enzymes are polymorphic, which affects their expression, specificity, and activity, resulting in their role in diseases associated with HLA-I. In this brief review, we concentrate on ERAP2, less investigated because of its lack in laboratory mice and 25% of humans, as well as a lower polymorphism. ERAP2 was found to be associated with several diseases and to influence ERAP1 effects. It was discovered recently that the defective ERAP2 gene, not encoding functional aminopeptidase, may nevertheless, during viral infections, produce a truncated protein isoform of unknown function, possibly interfering with ERAP1 and full-length ERAP2 by heterodimer formation. The disease associations of ERAP2, alone or in combination with ERAP1, are reviewed.
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15
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Huang XF, Brown MA. Progress in the genetics of uveitis. Genes Immun 2022; 23:57-65. [PMID: 35379982 PMCID: PMC9042703 DOI: 10.1038/s41435-022-00168-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Uveitis is the most common form of intraocular inflammatory disease and is a significant cause of visual impairment worldwide. Aetiologically, uveitis can also be classified into infectious uveitis and non-infectious uveitis. The common non-infectious forms of uveitis include acute anterior uveitis (AAU), Behçet’s disease (BD), Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH) disease, birdshot chorioretinopathy (BSCR), sarcoid uveitis. In addition, a few monogenic autoinflammatory disorders can also cause uveitis, such as Blau Syndrome and haploinsufficiency of A20 (HA20). Although the exact pathogenesis of non-infectious uveitis is still unclear, it is well-recognised that it involves both genetic and environmental risk factors. A hallmark of uveitis is its strong associations with human leucocyte antigens (HLA). For examples, AAU, BD and BSCR are strongly associated with HLA-B27, HLA-B51, and HLA-A29, respectively. In uveitis studies, multiple GWAS have successfully been conducted and led to identification of novel susceptibility loci, for example, IL23R has been identified in BD, VKH and AAU. In this review, we summarize the latest progress on the genetic associations of both HLA and non-HLA genes with major forms of uveitis, including AAU, BD, VKH, BSCR, sarcoid uveitis, Blau Syndrome and HA20, and potential future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu-Feng Huang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Queensland University of Technology, Centre for Genomics and Personalised Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Qld, Australia
| | - Matthew A Brown
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, England. .,Genomics England, London, UK.
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16
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Liao HT, Tsai CY, Lai CC, Hsieh SC, Sun YS, Li KJ, Shen CY, Wu CH, Lu CH, Kuo YM, Li TH, Chou CT, Yu CL. The Potential Role of Genetics, Environmental Factors, and Gut Dysbiosis in the Aberrant Non-Coding RNA Expression to Mediate Inflammation and Osteoclastogenic/Osteogenic Differentiation in Ankylosing Spondylitis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 9:748063. [PMID: 35127698 PMCID: PMC8811359 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.748063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) or radiographic axial spondyloarthritis is a chronic immune-mediated rheumatic disorder characterized by the inflammation in the axial skeleton, peripheral joints, and soft tissues (enthesis, fascia, and ligament). In addition, the extra-skeletal complications including anterior uveitis, interstitial lung diseases and aortitis are found. The pathogenesis of AS implicates an intricate interaction among HLA (HLA-B27) and non-HLA loci [endoplasmic reticulum aminopeptidase 1 (ERAP1), and interleukin-23 receptor (IL23R), gut dysbiosis, immune plasticity, and numerous environmental factors (infections, heavy metals, stress, cigarette smoking, etc.) The latter multiple non-genetic factors may exert a powerful stress on epigenetic regulations. These epigenetic regulations of gene expression contain DNA methylation/demethylation, histone modifications and aberrant non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) expression, leading to inflammation and immune dysfunctions. In the present review, we shall discuss these contributory factors that are involved in AS pathogenesis, especially the aberrant ncRNA expression and its effects on the proinflammatory cytokine productions (TNF-α, IL-17 and IL-23), T cell skewing to Th1/Th17, and osteoclastogenic/osteogenic differentiation. Finally, some potential investigatory approaches are raised for solving the puzzles in AS pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsien-Tzung Liao
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, National Yang-Ming Chiao-Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Youh Tsai
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, National Yang-Ming Chiao-Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- *Correspondence: Chang-Youh Tsai, ; Chia-Li Yu,
| | - Chien-Chih Lai
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, National Yang-Ming Chiao-Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Song-Chou Hsieh
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Syuan Sun
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, National Yang-Ming Chiao-Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ko-Jen Li
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chieh-Yu Shen
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Han Wu
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Hsun Lu
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Min Kuo
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Hao Li
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Taipei, Taiwan
- Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Tei Chou
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, National Yang-Ming Chiao-Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Li Yu
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
- *Correspondence: Chang-Youh Tsai, ; Chia-Li Yu,
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17
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Gokuladhas S, Zaied RE, Schierding W, Farrow S, Fadason T, O'Sullivan JM. Integrating Multimorbidity into a Whole-Body Understanding of Disease Using Spatial Genomics. Results Probl Cell Differ 2022; 70:157-187. [PMID: 36348107 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-06573-6_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Multimorbidity is characterized by multidimensional complexity emerging from interactions between multiple diseases across levels of biological (including genetic) and environmental determinants and the complex array of interactions between and within cells, tissues and organ systems. Advances in spatial genomic research have led to an unprecedented expansion in our ability to link alterations in genome folding with changes that are associated with human disease. Studying disease-associated genetic variants in the context of the spatial genome has enabled the discovery of transcriptional regulatory programmes that potentially link dysregulated genes to disease development. However, the approaches that have been used have typically been applied to uncover pathological molecular mechanisms occurring in a specific disease-relevant tissue. These forms of reductionist, targeted investigations are not appropriate for the molecular dissection of multimorbidity that typically involves contributions from multiple tissues. In this perspective, we emphasize the importance of a whole-body understanding of multimorbidity and discuss how spatial genomics, when integrated with additional omic datasets, could provide novel insights into the molecular underpinnings of multimorbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Roan E Zaied
- Liggins Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - William Schierding
- Liggins Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- The Maurice Wilkins Centre, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Sophie Farrow
- Liggins Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Tayaza Fadason
- Liggins Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- The Maurice Wilkins Centre, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Justin M O'Sullivan
- Liggins Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
- The Maurice Wilkins Centre, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
- Australian Parkinson's Mission, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.
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18
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Piekarska K, Radwan P, Tarnowska A, Wiśniewski A, Radwan M, Wilczyński JR, Malinowski A, Nowak I. ERAP, KIR, and HLA-C Profile in Recurrent Implantation Failure. Front Immunol 2021; 12:755624. [PMID: 34745129 PMCID: PMC8569704 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.755624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The mother’s uterine immune system is dominated by uterine natural killer (NK) cells during the first trimester of pregnancy. These cells express killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) of inhibitory or activating function. Invading extravillous trophoblast cells express HLA-C molecules, and both maternal and paternal HLA-C allotypes are presented to KIRs. Endoplasmic reticulum aminopeptidase 1 (ERAP1) and 2 (ERAP2) shape the HLA class I immunopeptidome. The ERAPs remove N-terminal residues from antigenic precursor peptides and generate optimal-length peptides to fit into the HLA class I groove. The inability to form the correct HLA class I complexes with the appropriate peptides may result in a lack of immune response by NK cells. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of ERAP1 and ERAP2 polymorphisms in the context of KIR and HLA-C genes in recurrent implantation failure (RIF). In addition, for the first time, we showed the results of ERAP1 and ERAP2 secretion into the peripheral blood of patients and fertile women. We tested a total of 881 women. Four hundred ninety-six females were patients who, together with their partners, participated in in vitro fertilization (IVF). A group of 385 fertile women constituted the control group. Women positive for KIR genes in the Tel AA region and HLA-C2C2 were more prevalent in the RIF group than in fertile women (p/pcorr. = 0.004/0.012, OR = 2.321). Of the ERAP polymorphisms studied, two of them (rs26653 and rs26618) appear to affect RIF susceptibility in HLA-C2-positive patients. Moreover, fertile women who gave birth in the past secreted significantly more ERAP1 than IVF women and control pregnant women (p < 0.0001 and p = 0.0005, respectively). In the case of ERAP2, the opposite result was observed; i.e., fertile women secreted far less ERAP2 than IVF patients (p = 0.0098). Patients who became pregnant after in vitro fertilization embryo transfer (IVF-ET) released far less ERAP2 than patients who miscarried (p = 0.0032). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses indicate a value of about 2.9 ng/ml of ERAP2 as a point of differentiation between patients who miscarried and those who gave birth to a healthy child. Our study indicates that both ERAP1 and ERAP2 may be involved in processes related to reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Piekarska
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics and Tissue Immunology, Department of Clinical Immunology, Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Paweł Radwan
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Gameta Hospital, Rzgów, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Tarnowska
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics and Tissue Immunology, Department of Clinical Immunology, Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Andrzej Wiśniewski
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics and Tissue Immunology, Department of Clinical Immunology, Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Michał Radwan
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Gameta Hospital, Rzgów, Poland.,Faculty of Health Sciences, The Mazovian State University in Płock, Płock, Poland
| | - Jacek R Wilczyński
- Department of Surgical and Oncological Gynecology, Medical University of Łódź, Łódź, Poland
| | - Andrzej Malinowski
- Department of Surgical, Endoscopic and Oncologic Gynecology, Polish Mothers' Memorial Hospital-Research Institute, Łódź, Poland.,Medical Centre Gynemed, Łódź, Poland
| | - Izabela Nowak
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics and Tissue Immunology, Department of Clinical Immunology, Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
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19
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Hutchinson JP, Temponeras I, Kuiper J, Cortes A, Korczynska J, Kitchen S, Stratikos E. Common allotypes of ER aminopeptidase 1 have substrate-dependent and highly variable enzymatic properties. J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100443. [PMID: 33617882 PMCID: PMC8024916 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Polymorphic variation of immune system proteins can drive variability of individual immune responses. Endoplasmic reticulum aminopeptidase 1 (ERAP1) generates antigenic peptides for presentation by major histocompatibility complex class I molecules. Coding SNPs in ERAP1 have been associated with predisposition to inflammatory rheumatic disease and shown to affect functional properties of the enzyme, but the interplay between combinations of these SNPs as they exist in allotypes has not been thoroughly explored. We used phased genotype data to estimate ERAP1 allotype frequency in 2504 individuals across five major human populations, generated highly pure recombinant enzymes corresponding to the ten most common ERAP1 allotypes, and systematically characterized their in vitro enzymatic properties. We find that ERAP1 allotypes possess a wide range of enzymatic activities, up to 60-fold, whose ranking is substrate dependent. Strikingly, allotype 10, previously associated with Behçet’s disease, is consistently a low-activity outlier, suggesting that a significant percentage of individuals carry a subactive ERAP1 gene. Enzymatic analysis revealed that ERAP1 allotypes can differ in both catalytic efficiency and substrate affinity, differences that can change intermediate accumulation in multistep trimming reactions. Alterations in efficacy of an allosteric inhibitor that targets the regulatory site suggest that allotypic variation influences the communication between the regulatory and the active site. Our work defines the wide landscape of ERAP1 activity in human populations and demonstrates how common allotypes can induce substrate-dependent variability in antigen processing, thus contributing, in synergy with major histocompatibility complex haplotypes, to immune response variability and predisposition to chronic inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ioannis Temponeras
- Protein Chemistry Laboratory, National Centre for Scientific Research "Demokritos", Athens, Greece
| | - Jonas Kuiper
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Adrian Cortes
- Human Genetics, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Justyna Korczynska
- Medicinal Science and Technology, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Semra Kitchen
- Adaptive Immunity Research Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Efstratios Stratikos
- Protein Chemistry Laboratory, National Centre for Scientific Research "Demokritos", Athens, Greece; Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, Athens, Greece.
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20
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Bouland GA, Beulens JWJ, Nap J, van der Slik AR, Zaldumbide A, 't Hart LM, Slieker RC. CONQUER: an interactive toolbox to understand functional consequences of GWAS hits. NAR Genom Bioinform 2021; 2:lqaa085. [PMID: 33575630 PMCID: PMC7671384 DOI: 10.1093/nargab/lqaa085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous large genome-wide association studies have been performed to understand the influence of genetics on traits. Many identified risk loci are in non-coding and intergenic regions, which complicates understanding how genes and their downstream pathways are influenced. An integrative data approach is required to understand the mechanism and consequences of identified risk loci. Here, we developed the R-package CONQUER. Data for SNPs of interest are acquired from static- and dynamic repositories (build GRCh38/hg38), including GTExPortal, Epigenomics Project, 4D genome database and genome browsers. All visualizations are fully interactive so that the user can immediately access the underlying data. CONQUER is a user-friendly tool to perform an integrative approach on multiple SNPs where risk loci are not seen as individual risk factors but rather as a network of risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerard A Bouland
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Joline W J Beulens
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam Public Health Institute, Amsterdam UMC, location VUmc, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Joey Nap
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Arno R van der Slik
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Arnaud Zaldumbide
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Leen M 't Hart
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Roderick C Slieker
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Jiang P, Veenstra RN, Seitz A, Nolte IM, Hepkema BG, Visser L, van den Berg A, Diepstra A. Interaction between ERAP Alleles and HLA Class I Types Support a Role of Antigen Presentation in Hodgkin Lymphoma Development. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13030414. [PMID: 33499248 PMCID: PMC7865538 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13030414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) is a common lymphoma in young adults derived from B cells. Emerging evidence suggests that antigen presentation by the malignant B cells is critically involved in HL pathogenesis. In fact, genetic variants of the antigen presenting Human Leukocyte Antigens (HLA) are strongly associated with HL susceptibility. Interestingly, the endoplasmic reticulum aminopeptidase (ERAP)1 and ERAP2 genes, that code for enzymes that process antigens, also appear to be associated. In this study, we show that genetic variants of ERAP genes strongly affect expression levels of ERAP1 and ERAP2. In addition, we find that certain ERAP variants interact with specific HLA class I types in HL patients. This suggests that mechanisms that determine the repertoire of antigens that are presented to the immune system, affect the chance of developing HL. Our findings therefore support a prominent role of antigen presentation in HL susceptibility. Abstract Genetic variants in the HLA region are the strongest risk factors for developing Hodgkin lymphoma (HL), suggesting an important role for antigen presentation. This is supported by another HL-associated genomic region which contains the loci of two enzymes that process endogenous proteins to peptides to be presented by HLA class I, i.e., endoplasmic reticulum aminopeptidase 1 (ERAP1) and ERAP2. We hypothesized that ERAP and HLA class I type interact in HL susceptibility, as shown previously for several autoimmune diseases. We detected ERAP1 and ERAP2 expression in tumor cells and cells in the microenvironment in primary HL tissue samples. Seven ERAP SNPs and ERAP1 haplotypes showed strong associations with RNA and protein levels of ERAP1 and ERAP2 in LCLs and HL cell lines. Analysis of HLA class I types, ERAP SNPs and ERAP haplotypes by direct genotyping or imputation from genome-wide association data in 390 HL patients revealed significant interactions between HLA-A11, rs27038 and the rs27038 associated ERAP haplotype, as well as between HLA-Cw2 and rs26618. In conclusion, our results show that ERAP and HLA class I interact in genetic susceptibility to HL, providing further evidence that antigen presentation is an important process in HL susceptibility and pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peijia Jiang
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands; (P.J.); (R.N.V.); (A.S.); (L.V.); (A.v.d.B.)
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shenyang Huanggu National Defense Hospital, Shenyang 110032, China
| | - Rianne N. Veenstra
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands; (P.J.); (R.N.V.); (A.S.); (L.V.); (A.v.d.B.)
| | - Annika Seitz
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands; (P.J.); (R.N.V.); (A.S.); (L.V.); (A.v.d.B.)
| | - Ilja M. Nolte
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands;
| | - Bouke G. Hepkema
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands;
| | - Lydia Visser
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands; (P.J.); (R.N.V.); (A.S.); (L.V.); (A.v.d.B.)
| | - Anke van den Berg
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands; (P.J.); (R.N.V.); (A.S.); (L.V.); (A.v.d.B.)
| | - Arjan Diepstra
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands; (P.J.); (R.N.V.); (A.S.); (L.V.); (A.v.d.B.)
- Correspondence:
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22
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Clunie G, Horwood N. Loss and gain of bone in spondyloarthritis: what drives these opposing clinical features? Ther Adv Musculoskelet Dis 2020; 12:1759720X20969260. [PMID: 33240403 PMCID: PMC7675871 DOI: 10.1177/1759720x20969260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The breadth of bone lesion types seen in spondyloarthritis is unprecedented in
medicine and includes increased bone turnover, bone loss and fragility,
osteitis, osteolysis and erosion, osteosclerosis, osteoproliferation of soft
tissues adjacent to bone and spinal skeletal structure weakness. Remarkably,
these effects can be present simultaneously in the same patient. The search for
a potential unifying cause of effects on the skeleton necessarily focuses on
inflammation arising from the dysregulation of immune response to
microorganisms, particularly dysregulation of TH17 lymphocytes, and
the dysbiosis of established gut and other microbiota. The compelling notion
that a common antecedent pathological mechanism affects existing bone and
tissues with bone-forming potential (entheses), simultaneously with variable
effect in the former but bone-forming in the latter, drives basic research
forward and focuses our awareness on the effects on these bone mechanisms of the
increasing portfolio of targeted immunotherapies used in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gavin Clunie
- Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Box, 204 Hills Rd, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Nicole Horwood
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
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Kuiper JJW, Venema WJ. HLA-A29 and Birdshot Uveitis: Further Down the Rabbit Hole. Front Immunol 2020; 11:599558. [PMID: 33262772 PMCID: PMC7687429 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.599558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
HLA class I alleles constitute established risk factors for non-infectious uveitis and preemptive genotyping of HLA class I alleles is standard practice in the diagnostic work-up. The HLA-A29 serotype is indispensable to Birdshot Uveitis (BU) and renders this enigmatic eye condition a unique model to better understand how the antigen processing and presentation machinery contributes to non-infectious uveitis or chronic inflammatory conditions in general. This review will discuss salient points regarding the protein structure of HLA-A29 and how key amino acid positions impact the peptide binding preference and interaction with T cells. We discuss to what extent the risk genes ERAP1 and ERAP2 uniquely affect HLA-A29 and how the discovery of a HLA-A29-specific submotif may impact autoantigen discovery. We further provide a compelling argument to solve the long-standing question why BU only affects HLA-A29-positive individuals from Western-European ancestry by exploiting data from the 1000 Genomes Project. We combine novel insights from structural and immunopeptidomic studies and discuss the functional implications of genetic associations across the HLA class I antigen presentation pathway to refine the etiological basis of Birdshot Uveitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas J. W. Kuiper
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center Utrecht, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Wouter J. Venema
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center Utrecht, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
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24
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The Genetics of Spondyloarthritis. J Pers Med 2020; 10:jpm10040151. [PMID: 33023259 PMCID: PMC7711559 DOI: 10.3390/jpm10040151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The term spondyloarthritis (SpA) encompasses a group of chronic inflammatory diseases with common features in terms of clinical presentation and genetic predisposition. SpA is characterized by inflammation of the spine and peripheral joints, and is also be associated with extra-articular inflammatory manifestations such as psoriasis, uveitis, or inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The etiology of SpA is not completely understood, but it is known to have a strong genetic component dominated by the human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-B27. In the last few years, our understanding of genetic susceptibility to SpA, particularly ankylosing spondylitis (AS), has greatly improved thanks to the findings derived from powered genome-wide association studies (GWAS) based on single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) arrays. These studies have identified many candidate genes, therefore providing new potential directions in the exploration of disease mechanisms, especially with regard to the key role of the immune system in the pathogenesis of SpA. SpA is a complex disease where genetic variability, environmental factors, and random events interact to trigger pathological pathways. The aim of this review is to summarize current findings on the genetics of SpA, some of which might help to study new treatment approaches.
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25
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Li C, Li Y, Yan Z, Dai S, Liu S, Wang X, Wang J, Zhang X, Shi L, Yao Y. Polymorphisms in endoplasmic reticulum aminopeptidase genes are associated with cervical cancer risk in a Chinese Han population. BMC Cancer 2020; 20:341. [PMID: 32321463 PMCID: PMC7178719 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-020-06832-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Antigen-processing machinery molecules play crucial roles in infectious diseases and cancers. Studies have shown that polymorphisms in endoplasmic reticulum aminopeptidase (ERAP) genes can influence the enzymatic activity of ERAP proteins and are associated with the risk of diseases. In the current study, we evaluated the influence of ERAP gene (ERAP1 and ERAP2) polymorphisms on susceptibility to cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and cervical cancer. Methods Six single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in ERAP1 and 5 SNPs in ERAP2 were selected and genotyped in 556 CIN patients, 1072 cervical cancer patients, and 1262 healthy control individuals. Candidate SNPs were genotyped using SNaPshot assay. And the association of these SNPs with CIN and cervical cancer was analysed. Results The results showed that allelic and genotypic frequencies of rs26653 in ERAP1 were significantly different between cervical cancer and control groups (P = 0.001 and 0.004). The allelic frequencies of rs27044 in ERAP1 and rs2287988 in ERAP2 were significantly different between control and cervical cancer groups (P = 0.003 and 0.004). Inheritance model analysis showed that genotypes of rs27044, rs26618, rs26653 and rs2287988 SNPs may be associated with the risk of cervical cancer (P = 0.003, 0.004, 0.001 and 0.002). Additionally, haplotype analysis results showed that the ERAP1 haplotype, rs27044C-rs30187T-rs26618T-rs26653G-rs3734016C, was associated with a lower risk of cervical cancer (P = 0.001). The ERAP2 haplotypes rs2549782G- rs2548538A-rs2248374A-rs2287988G-rs1056893T (P = 0.009 and 0.006) and rs2549782T-rs2548538T-rs2248374G-rs2287988A-rs1056893T (P = 0.003 and 0.009) might be associated with cervical cancer and the development from CIN to cervical cancer. Conclusion Our results indicated that rs27044, rs26618 and rs26653 in ERAP1 and rs2287988 in ERAP2 influenced susceptibility to cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanyin Li
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, 650118, China
| | - Yaheng Li
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, 650118, China
| | - Zhiling Yan
- Department of Gynaecologic Oncology, The 3rd Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650118, China
| | - Shuying Dai
- School of Basic Medical Science, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Shuyuan Liu
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, 650118, China
| | - Xia Wang
- Department of Gynaecologic Oncology, The 3rd Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650118, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Gynaecologic Oncology, The 3rd Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650118, China
| | - Xinwen Zhang
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, 650118, China
| | - Li Shi
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, 650118, China.
| | - Yufeng Yao
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, 650118, China.
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Paladini F, Fiorillo MT, Tedeschi V, D'Otolo V, Piga M, Cauli A, Mathieu A, Sorrentino R. The rs75862629 minor allele in the endoplasmic reticulum aminopeptidases intergenic region affects human leucocyte antigen B27 expression and protects from ankylosing spondylitis in Sardinia. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2020; 58:2315-2324. [PMID: 31209470 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/kez212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Revised: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES HLA-B27 and the endoplasmic reticulum aminopeptidase 1 (ERAP1) and ERAP2 genes are predisposing factors for AS. A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the ERAP2 promoter (rs75862629) coordinates the transcription of both ERAP genes. We investigated whether this SNP associates with AS and whether it affects the expression of the two major HLA-B27 alleles present in Sardinia, the AS-associated B*2705 and the non-AS-associated B*2709. METHODS Four SNPs in the ERAP region were genotyped in HLA-B*2705-positive patients with AS (n = 145), B27-positive healthy subjects (n = 126) and B27-negative controls (n = 250) and the allele and haplotype frequencies were derived. The expression of ERAP1 and ERAP2 mRNAs in 36 HLA-B27-positive B lymphoblastoid cell lines was measured by quantitative PCR. An electrophoretic mobility shift assay was performed to search for a nuclear factor binding the DNA sequence encompassing rs75862629. The expression of HLA-B27 molecules related to the SNP at rs75862629 was determined by flow cytometry. RESULTS The minor allele G at rs75862629 was found significantly increased in B27 healthy individuals, both B*2705 and B*2709, compared with B*2705-positive patients with AS and B27-negative controls. The electrophoretic mobility shift assay indicated the lack of binding of a transcription factor as the cause of the observed reduction in the ERAP2 concomitant with a higher ERAP1 expression. Of note, this occurs with a different cell surface expression of the HLA-B*2705 and HLA-B*2709 molecules. CONCLUSION SNP rs75862629, by modulating simultaneously the expression of ERAP1 and ERAP2, provides protection from AS in HLA-B27-positive subjects in Sardinia. This has a functional impact on HLA-B27 expression and likely on disease onset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiana Paladini
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Charles Darwin", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Fiorillo
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Charles Darwin", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Tedeschi
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Charles Darwin", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Viviana D'Otolo
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Charles Darwin", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Matteo Piga
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University and Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Alberto Cauli
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University and Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Alessandro Mathieu
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University and Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Rosa Sorrentino
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Charles Darwin", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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Tsujimoto M, Aoki K, Ohnishi A, Goto Y. Endoplasmic Reticulum Aminopeptidase 1 beyond Antigenic Peptide-Processing Enzyme in the Endoplasmic Reticulum. Biol Pharm Bull 2020; 43:207-214. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b19-00857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Kazuma Aoki
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Teikyo Heisei University
| | - Atsushi Ohnishi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Teikyo Heisei University
| | - Yoshikuni Goto
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Teikyo Heisei University
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Kubota N, Suyama M. An integrated analysis of public genomic data unveils a possible functional mechanism of psoriasis risk via a long-range ERRFI1 enhancer. BMC Med Genomics 2020; 13:8. [PMID: 31969149 PMCID: PMC6977261 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-020-0662-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease, for which genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified many genetic variants as risk markers. However, the details of underlying molecular mechanisms, especially which variants are functional, are poorly understood. METHODS We utilized a computational approach to survey psoriasis-associated functional variants that might affect protein functions or gene expression levels. We developed a pipeline by integrating publicly available datasets provided by GWAS Catalog, FANTOM5, GTEx, SNP2TFBS, and DeepBlue. To identify functional variants on exons or splice sites, we used a web-based annotation tool in the Ensembl database. To search for noncoding functional variants within promoters or enhancers, we used eQTL data calculated by GTEx. The data of variants lying on transcription factor binding sites provided by SNP2TFBS were used to predict detailed functions of the variants. RESULTS We discovered 22 functional variant candidates, of which 8 were in noncoding regions. We focused on the enhancer variant rs72635708 (T > C) in the 1p36.23 region; this variant is within the enhancer region of the ERRFI1 gene, which regulates lipid metabolism in the liver and skin morphogenesis via EGF signaling. Further analysis showed that the ERRFI1 promoter spatially contacts with the enhancer, despite the 170 kb distance between them. We found that this variant lies on the AP-1 complex binding motif and may modulate binding levels. CONCLUSIONS The minor allele rs72635708 (rs72635708-C) might affect the ERRFI1 promoter activity, which results in unstable expression of ERRFI1, enhancing the risk of psoriasis via disruption of lipid metabolism and skin cell proliferation. Our study represents a successful example of predicting molecular pathogenesis by integration and reanalysis of public data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoto Kubota
- Division of Bioinformatics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
- Research Fellow of Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, 102-0083, Japan
| | - Mikita Suyama
- Division of Bioinformatics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.
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Dimopoulou C, Lundgren JD, Sundal J, Ullum H, Aukrust P, Nielsen FC, Marvig RL. Variant in ERAP1 promoter region is associated with low expression in a patient with a Behçet-like MHC-I-opathy. J Hum Genet 2019; 65:325-335. [PMID: 31873220 DOI: 10.1038/s10038-019-0709-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Behçet disease (BD) is an immune-mediated disease. The cause of BD remains unknown, but the existence of multiple pathological pathways is suspected, including different genetic factors. Polymorphisms in ERAP1 gene have been associated with an increased risk of BD. However, while current BD-associated ERAP1 variants are suggested to contribute to disease by altering the activity of the encoded protein, there is no knowledge of variants that alter the expression level of ERAP1, despite previous associations between ERAP1 expression and BD. Here, we used whole-exome sequencing of a patient with a Behçet-like MHC-I-opathy to identify that the patient, unlike its healthy parents, was homozygous for a rare 1-bp deletion, rs140416843, in the promoter region of ERAP1. rs140416843 has not previously been associated with disease, but is linked to ERAP1 haplotype Hap10 which is associated with BD. The expression of ERAP1 by both RT-qPCR and RNA sequencing showed that ERAP1 mRNA expression correlated with the zygosity for the identified deletion and was decreased in comparison to a healthy cohort. In conclusion, we diagnosed the patient as having BD, and hypothesize that rs140416843-mediated changes in ERAP1 expression play a causative role in BD and that this risk factor is contributing to the association between Hap10 and BD. This is the first report to identify a variant that may cause BD by altering the expression of ERAP1, and our findings suggest that downregulation of ERAP1 expression can serve as a diagnostic marker for BD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chrysoula Dimopoulou
- Centre of Excellence for Health, Immunity and Infection (CHIP), Department of Infectious Diseases, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Center for Genomic Medicine, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jens D Lundgren
- Centre of Excellence for Health, Immunity and Infection (CHIP), Department of Infectious Diseases, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jon Sundal
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Henrik Ullum
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Pål Aukrust
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.,Section of Clinical Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.,Insitute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Finn C Nielsen
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rasmus L Marvig
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Ruiz-Romero C, Lam MPY, Nilsson P, Önnerfjord P, Utz PJ, Van Eyk JE, Venkatraman V, Fert-Bober J, Watt FE, Blanco FJ. Mining the Proteome Associated with Rheumatic and Autoimmune Diseases. J Proteome Res 2019; 18:4231-4239. [PMID: 31599600 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.9b00360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
A steady increase in the incidence of osteoarthritis and other rheumatic diseases has been observed in recent decades, including autoimmune conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis, spondyloarthropathies, systemic lupus erythematosus, systemic sclerosis, and Sjögren's syndrome. Rheumatic and autoimmune diseases (RADs) are characterized by the inflammation of joints, muscles, or other connective tissues. In addition to often experiencing debilitating mobility and pain, RAD patients are also at a higher risk of suffering comorbidities such as cardiovascular or infectious events. Given the socioeconomic impact of RADs, broad research efforts have been dedicated to these diseases worldwide. In the present work, we applied literature mining platforms to identify "popular" proteins closely related to RADs. The platform is based on publicly available literature. The results not only will enable the systematic prioritization of candidates to perform targeted proteomics studies but also may lead to a greater insight into the key pathogenic processes of these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Ruiz-Romero
- Grupo de Investigación de Reumatología (GIR), Unidad de Proteómica, INIBIC - Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña, SERGAS , Universidad de A Coruña , A Coruña 15006 , Spain
| | - Maggie P Y Lam
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Consortium for Fibrosis Research and Translation, Anschutz Medical Campus , University of Colorado Denver , Aurora , Colorado 80045 , United States
| | - Peter Nilsson
- Division of Affinity Proteomics, SciLifeLab, Department of Protein Science , KTH Royal Institute of Technology , Stockholm 17121 , Sweden
| | - Patrik Önnerfjord
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Section for Rheumatology and Molecular Skeletal Biology , Lund University , Lund 22184 , Sweden
| | - Paul J Utz
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology , Stanford University School of Medicine ; Palo Alto , California 94304 , United States
| | - Jennifer E Van Eyk
- Department of Medicine and The Heart Institute , Cedars-Sinai Medical Center , Los Angeles , California 90048 , United States
| | - Vidya Venkatraman
- Department of Medicine and The Heart Institute , Cedars-Sinai Medical Center , Los Angeles , California 90048 , United States
| | - Justyna Fert-Bober
- Department of Medicine and The Heart Institute , Cedars-Sinai Medical Center , Los Angeles , California 90048 , United States
| | - Fiona E Watt
- Arthritis Research UK Centre for Osteoarthritis Pathogenesis, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology , University of Oxford , Oxford OX3 7FY , United Kingdom
| | - Francisco J Blanco
- Grupo de Investigación de Reumatología, INIBIC-Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña, SERGAS , Departamento de Medicina Universidad de A Coruña , A Coruña 15006 , Spain
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Ankylosing spondyloarthritis (AS) is a chronic inflammatory disease that involves the axial joints and entheses. Extra-spinal manifestations such as anterior uveitis, psoriasis, and colitis also occur frequently. This review on the pathogenesis of AS includes an update on the recent discoveries within the field. RECENT FINDINGS HLA-B*27 is still considered of major importance in the pathogenesis, and it has recently been shown to profoundly affect the gut microbiome and its metabolites and the handling of bacteria during infection. Biochemical and biophysical properties of HLA-B*27 influence its ability to misfold, to induce an endoplasmic reticulum stress response, and to promote autophagy/unfolded protein responses (UPR). HLA-B*27 free heavy chains may induce inflammation through T cells, NK cells, and myeloid cells. Induction of UPR genes results in release of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-17 (IL-17), IL-23, and interferon-γ and increase in T helper (Th) 17 cells. Several other HLA-B and non-B molecules have been associated with AS, although their role in the pathogenesis is unknown. Genotypes of endoplasmic reticulum aminopeptidases (ERAP) 1 and 2 have been associated with alterations in the antigenic pool expressed by HLA-B*27 molecules. In the gut, innate immune cells type 3 (ILC3) influence T cell expression of IL-17 and IL-22. Gamma-delta (γ/δ) T cells are induced by IL-23 to produce IL-17. IL-7 induces mucosa-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells to produce IL-17. Besides the microbiome, zonulin may be important through its effects on the permeability of tight junctions in the intestinal epithelial barrier.
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Pedersen SJ, Maksymowych WP. Beyond the TNF-α Inhibitors: New and Emerging Targeted Therapies for Patients with Axial Spondyloarthritis and their Relation to Pathophysiology. Drugs 2019; 78:1397-1418. [PMID: 30171593 DOI: 10.1007/s40265-018-0971-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) is a complex disease that affects the joints and entheses of axial and peripheral joints, and is associated with inflammation in extra-articular sites such as the gut. Improved knowledge on genetics and immunology has improved treatment options with the availability of treatments targeting tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin (IL)-17. However, these agents do not provide clinical benefit for about 40% of patients, and additional therapeutic options are necessary. Theories on pathogenesis includes misfolding of HLA-B*27 during its assembly leading to endoplasmic reticulum stress and autophagy/unfolded protein response (UPR). HLA-B*27 may express free heavy chain on the cell surface, which activates innate immune receptors on T, natural killer, and myeloid cells with pro-inflammatory effects. Activation of UPR genes is associated with increased TNF-α, interleukin-23 (IL-23), IL-17, interferon-γ expression, and expansion of T helper (Th)-17 cells. Certain genotypes of endoplasmic reticulum aminopeptidase (ERAP) 1 and 2 are associated with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and functionally interact with the HLA-B27 peptidome. Innate immune cells type 3, which express RORγt, regulate expression of IL-17 and IL-22 in T cells. Stimulation of gamma-delta T cells with IL-23 also induces IL-17. Mucosa-associated invariant T cells residing in the gut mucosa express IL-17 in AS patients after stimulation with IL-7. Prostaglandin E2 induces IL-17A independent of IL-23 via IL-1β and IL-6. The pathogenic role of gut inflammation, zonulin and microbiota, which has a different composition in AS patients, remains to be elucidated. This article also includes a comprehensive review on the mechanism of action and efficacy of the biological treatments currently approved for axSpA (TNF-α inhibitors and IL-17 inhibitors) and future targets for treatment (other IL-17 family member (s), Janus kinase, IL-23, and phosphodiesterase 4).
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Juhl Pedersen
- Copenhagen Center for Arthritis Research (COPECARE), Center for Rheumatology and Spine Disease, Rigshospitalet, Valdemar Hansens Vej 17, 2600, Glostrup, Denmark.
| | - Walter P Maksymowych
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2S2, Canada
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Hanson AL, Morton CJ, Parker MW, Bessette D, Kenna TJ. The genetics, structure and function of the M1 aminopeptidase oxytocinase subfamily and their therapeutic potential in immune-mediated disease. Hum Immunol 2019; 80:281-289. [DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2018.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Padula MC, Leccese P, Lascaro N, Carbone T, Gilio M, Padula AA, Martelli G, D'Angelo S. Genotyping of Italian patients with Behçet syndrome identified two novel ERAP1 polymorphisms using sequencing-based approach. Hum Immunol 2019; 80:335-338. [DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2019.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Revised: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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35
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Compagnone M, Cifaldi L, Fruci D. Regulation of ERAP1 and ERAP2 genes and their disfunction in human cancer. Hum Immunol 2019; 80:318-324. [PMID: 30825518 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2019.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Revised: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) aminopeptidases ERAP1 and ERAP2 are two multifunctional enzymes playing an important role in the biological processes requiring trimming of substrates, including the generation of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I binding peptides. In the absence of ERAP enzymes, the cells exhibit a different pool of peptides on their surface which can promote both NK and CD8+ T cell-mediated immune responses. The expression of ERAP1 and ERAP2 is frequently altered in tumors, as compared to their normal counterparts, but how this affects tumor growth and anti-tumor immune responses has been little investigated. This review will provide an overview of current knowledge on transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulations of ERAP enzymes, and will discuss the contribution of recent studies to our understanding of ERAP1 and ERAP2 role in cancer immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirco Compagnone
- Paediatric Haematology/Oncology Department, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Loredana Cifaldi
- Academic Department of Pediatrics (DPUO), Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Doriana Fruci
- Paediatric Haematology/Oncology Department, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, 00146 Rome, Italy.
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Yao Y, Liu N, Zhou Z, Shi L. Influence of ERAP1 and ERAP2 gene polymorphisms on disease susceptibility in different populations. Hum Immunol 2019; 80:325-334. [PMID: 30797823 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2019.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum aminopeptidases (ERAPs), ERAP1 and ERAP2, makes a role in shaping the HLA class I peptidome by trimming peptides to the optimal size in MHC-class I-mediated antigen presentation and educating the immune system to differentiate between self-derived and foreign antigens. Association studies have shown that genetic variations in ERAP1 and ERAP2 genes increase susceptibility to autoimmune diseases, infectious diseases, and cancers. Both ERAP1 and ERAP2 genes exhibit diverse polymorphisms in different populations, which may influence their susceptibly to the aforementioned diseases. In this article, we review the distribution of ERAP1 and ERAP2 gene polymorphisms in various populations; discuss the risk or protective influence of these gene polymorphisms in autoimmune diseases, infectious diseases, and cancers; and highlight how ERAP genetic variations can influence disease associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufeng Yao
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Kunming 650118, China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research & Development on Severe Infectious Disease, Kunming 650118, China
| | - Nannan Liu
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Kunming 650118, China
| | - Ziyun Zhou
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Kunming 650118, China
| | - Li Shi
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Kunming 650118, China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research & Development on Severe Infectious Disease, Kunming 650118, China.
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37
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Costantino F, Breban M, Garchon HJ. Genetics and Functional Genomics of Spondyloarthritis. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2933. [PMID: 30619293 PMCID: PMC6305624 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Spondyloarthritis (SpA) is a chronic inflammatory disorder with high heritability but with complex genetics. It encompasses several entities that share common clinical features. Most of the genetic studies in SpA have been restricted to ankylosing spondylitis (AS), the prototypical form of SpA. However, there is growing evidence of shared genetic background between all the SpA subtypes and also with some other immune-mediated diseases. The most important part of SpA heritability comes from the HLA-B27 allele in the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) that explains around 25% of the attributable heredity. Several other loci outside of the MHC have been shown to be involved in the disease. However, all these non-MHC loci explain only a small additional fraction of disease predisposition. Thus, a substantial fraction of SpA genetic basis remains poorly understood. Gene expression profiling is a complementary approach to elucidate the underlying mechanisms and pathways that drive the disease. Several expression profiling studies have been undertaken in SpA. However, results have been quite disappointing with little overlap between the studies largely due to the small sample sizes, resulting in limited power to discover small effects. In this review, we summarize current knowledge on genetic findings concerning SpA and we describe strategic approaches for identification of additional variants, with a focus on rare variants in familial forms. We also provide an overview of gene expression studies in SpA and discuss the possibilities offered by high-throughput RNA sequencing technologies, in particular in sorted cells. Finally, issues in establishing molecular mechanisms underlying genetic association hits and potential translational applications will be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Félicie Costantino
- UMR 1173 INSERM/Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines University, Montigny le Bretonneux, France.,Rheumatology Division Ambroise Paré Hospital (AP-HP), Boulogne-Billancourt, France
| | - Maxime Breban
- UMR 1173 INSERM/Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines University, Montigny le Bretonneux, France.,Rheumatology Division Ambroise Paré Hospital (AP-HP), Boulogne-Billancourt, France
| | - Henri-Jean Garchon
- UMR 1173 INSERM/Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines University, Montigny le Bretonneux, France.,Genetics Division Ambroise Paré Hospital (AP-HP), Boulogne-Billancourt, France
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Kuiper JJW, van Setten J, Devall M, Cretu-Stancu M, Hiddingh S, Ophoff RA, Missotten TOAR, van Velthoven M, Den Hollander AI, Hoyng CB, James E, Reeves E, Cordero-Coma M, Fonollosa A, Adán A, Martín J, Koeleman BPC, de Boer JH, Pulit SL, Márquez A, Radstake TRDJ. Functionally distinct ERAP1 and ERAP2 are a hallmark of HLA-A29-(Birdshot) Uveitis. Hum Mol Genet 2018; 27:4333-4343. [PMID: 30215709 PMCID: PMC6276832 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddy319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Revised: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Birdshot Uveitis (Birdshot) is a rare eye condition that affects HLA-A29-positive individuals and could be considered a prototypic member of the recently proposed 'MHC-I (major histocompatibility complex class I)-opathy' family. Genetic studies have pinpointed the endoplasmic reticulum aminopeptidase (ERAP1) and (ERAP2) genes as shared associations across MHC-I-opathies, which suggests ERAP dysfunction may be a root cause for MHC-I-opathies. We mapped the ERAP1 and ERAP2 haplotypes in 84 Dutch cases and 890 controls. We identified association at variant rs10044354, which mediated a marked increase in ERAP2 expression. We also identified and cloned an independently associated ERAP1 haplotype (tagged by rs2287987) present in more than half of the cases; this ERAP1 haplotype is also the primary risk and protective haplotype for other MHC-I-opathies. We show that the risk ERAP1 haplotype conferred significantly altered expression of ERAP1 isoforms in transcriptomic data (n = 360), resulting in lowered protein expression and distinct enzymatic activity. Both the association for rs10044354 (meta-analysis: odds ratio (OR) [95% CI]=2.07[1.58-2.71], P = 1.24 × 10(-7)) and rs2287987 (OR[95% CI]: =2.01[1.51-2.67], P = 1.41 × 10(-6)) replicated and showed consistent direction of effect in an independent Spanish cohort of 46 cases and 2103 controls. In both cohorts, the combined rs2287987-rs10044354 haplotype associated with Birdshot more strongly than either variant alone [meta-analysis: P=3.9 × 10(-9)]. Finally, we observed that ERAP2 protein expression is dependent on the ERAP1 background across three European populations (n = 3353). In conclusion, a functionally distinct combination of ERAP1 and ERAP2 are a hallmark of Birdshot and provide rationale for strategies designed to correct ERAP function for treatment of Birdshot and MHC-I-opathies more broadly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas J W Kuiper
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center Utrecht, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Jessica van Setten
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Matthew Devall
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Mircea Cretu-Stancu
- Department of Genetics, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Sanne Hiddingh
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center Utrecht, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Roel A Ophoff
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Anneke I Den Hollander
- Department of Ophthalmology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Carel B Hoyng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Edward James
- Centre for Cancer Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Emma Reeves
- Centre for Cancer Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Miguel Cordero-Coma
- Ophthalmology Department, Hospital de León, IBIOMED, Universidad de León, León, Spain
| | - Alejandro Fonollosa
- Ophthalmology Department, BioCruces Health Research Institute, Hospital Universitario Cruces, Barakaldo, Spain
| | - Alfredo Adán
- Ophthalmology Department, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Javier Martín
- Instituto de Parasitología y Biomedicina ‘López-Neyra’, CSIC, PTS Granada, Granada Spain
| | - Bobby P C Koeleman
- Department of Genetics, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Joke H de Boer
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center Utrecht, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Sara L Pulit
- Department of Genetics, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Centre for Health Information and Discovery, Big Data Institute, Oxford University, Oxford, UK
| | - Ana Márquez
- Systemic Autoimmune Disease Unit, Hospital Universitario San Cecilio, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada, Granada Spain
| | - Timothy R D J Radstake
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
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39
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de Castro JAL, Stratikos E. Intracellular antigen processing by ERAP2: Molecular mechanism and roles in health and disease. Hum Immunol 2018; 80:310-317. [PMID: 30414458 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2018.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Revised: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Endoplasmic Reticulum Aminopeptidase 2 (ERAP2) is an intracellular enzyme localized in the ER that has been shown to play roles in the generation of peptides that serve as ligands for MHC class I (MHC-1) molecules. Although ERAP2 has been primarily described as an accessory and complementary enzyme to the homologous ERAP1, several lines of evidence during the last few years suggest that it can play distinct and important roles in processing antigenic peptides and influencing cellular cytotoxic immune responses. Such emerging evidence has been shaping ERAP2 as a potentially tractable target for regulating select autoimmune and anti-cancer responses for therapeutic purposes. Here, we review the state-of-the-art knowledge on the role of ERAP2 in antigen processing, its structure and molecular mechanism, influence on shaping MHC-I-bound immunopeptidomes and its involvement in disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- José A López de Castro
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas and Universidad Autónoma), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Efstratios Stratikos
- National Centre for Scientific Research Demokritos, Agia Paraskevi, Athens, Greece.
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López de Castro JA. How ERAP1 and ERAP2 Shape the Peptidomes of Disease-Associated MHC-I Proteins. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2463. [PMID: 30425713 PMCID: PMC6219399 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Four inflammatory diseases are strongly associated with Major Histocompatibility Complex class I (MHC-I) molecules: birdshot chorioretinopathy (HLA-A*29:02), ankylosing spondylitis (HLA-B*27), Behçet's disease (HLA-B*51), and psoriasis (HLA-C*06:02). The endoplasmic reticulum aminopeptidases (ERAP) 1 and 2 are also risk factors for these diseases. Since both enzymes are involved in the final processing steps of MHC-I ligands it is reasonable to assume that MHC-I-bound peptides play a significant pathogenetic role. This review will mainly focus on recent studies concerning the effects of ERAP1 and ERAP2 polymorphism and expression on shaping the peptidome of disease-associated MHC-I molecules in live cells. These studies will be discussed in the context of the distinct mechanisms and substrate preferences of both enzymes, their different patterns of genetic association with various diseases, the role of polymorphisms determining changes in enzymatic activity or expression levels, and the distinct peptidomes of disease-associated MHC-I allotypes. ERAP1 and ERAP2 polymorphism and expression induce significant changes in multiple MHC-I-bound peptidomes. These changes are MHC allotype-specific and, without excluding a degree of functional inter-dependence between both enzymes, reflect largely separate roles in their processing of MHC-I ligands. The studies reviewed here provide a molecular basis for the distinct patterns of genetic association of ERAP1 and ERAP2 with disease and for the pathogenetic role of peptides. The allotype-dependent alterations induced on distinct peptidomes may explain that the joint association of both enzymes and unrelated MHC-I alleles influence different pathological outcomes.
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41
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Brown MA, Wordsworth BP. Genetics in ankylosing spondylitis - Current state of the art and translation into clinical outcomes. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol 2018; 31:763-776. [PMID: 30509439 DOI: 10.1016/j.berh.2018.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Revised: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is the prototypic form of axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA). It is highly heritable, with studies conducted in twins and in unrelated cases and controls showing that the heritability for AS is much higher than those for inflammatory bowel disease or rheumatoid arthritis. To date, 116 loci have been identified, contributing to 28% of the genetic variation in the disease. These loci provide important clues into pathogenic pathways in the disease that have led to therapeutic advances such as the repositioning of IL-17 inhibitors in the disease. Much more research is currently required to determine the functional mechanisms by which the genetic associations operate, from which it is likely that novel therapeutic approaches will be developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew A Brown
- Translational Genomics Group, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Translational Research Institute, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia.
| | - B Paul Wordsworth
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Aoki K, Furuya A, Matsumoto K, Tsujimoto M. The gene expression of two endoplasmic reticulum aminopeptidase 1 isoforms is regulated by distinct posttranscriptional mechanisms. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 503:3180-3185. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.08.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/18/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Paladini F, Fiorillo MT, Vitulano C, Tedeschi V, Piga M, Cauli A, Mathieu A, Sorrentino R. An allelic variant in the intergenic region between ERAP1 and ERAP2 correlates with an inverse expression of the two genes. Sci Rep 2018; 8:10398. [PMID: 29991817 PMCID: PMC6039459 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-28799-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The Endoplasmatic Reticulum Aminopeptidases ERAP1 and ERAP2 are implicated in a variety of immune and non-immune functions. Most studies however have focused on their role in shaping the HLA class I peptidome by trimming peptides to the optimal size. Genome Wide Association Studies highlighted non-synonymous polymorphisms in their coding regions as associated with several immune mediated diseases. The two genes lie contiguous and oppositely oriented on the 5q15 chromosomal region. Very little is known about the transcriptional regulation and the quantitative variations of these enzymes. Here, we correlated the level of transcripts and proteins of the two aminopeptidases in B-lymphoblastoid cell lines from 44 donors harbouring allelic variants in the intergenic region between ERAP1 and ERAP2. We found that the presence of a G instead of an A at SNP rs75862629 in the ERAP2 gene promoter strongly influences the expression of the two ERAPs with a down-modulation of ERAP2 coupled with a significant higher expression of ERAP1. We therefore show here for the first time a coordinated quantitative regulation of the two ERAP genes, which can be relevant for the setting of specific therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiana Paladini
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Charles Darwin", Sapienza University, Rome, Italy.
| | - Maria Teresa Fiorillo
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Charles Darwin", Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Carolina Vitulano
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Charles Darwin", Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Tedeschi
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Charles Darwin", Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Matteo Piga
- Rheumatology Unit, University Clinic and AOU of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Alberto Cauli
- Rheumatology Unit, University Clinic and AOU of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Alessandro Mathieu
- Rheumatology Unit, University Clinic and AOU of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Rosa Sorrentino
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Charles Darwin", Sapienza University, Rome, Italy.
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Sanz-Bravo A, Alvarez-Navarro C, Martín-Esteban A, Barnea E, Admon A, López de Castro JA. Ranking the Contribution of Ankylosing Spondylitis-associated Endoplasmic Reticulum Aminopeptidase 1 (ERAP1) Polymorphisms to Shaping the HLA-B*27 Peptidome. Mol Cell Proteomics 2018; 17:1308-1323. [PMID: 29632046 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.ra117.000565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Revised: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The Endoplasmic reticulum aminopeptidase I (ERAP1) trims peptides to their optimal size for binding to Major Histocompatibility Complex class I proteins. The natural polymorphism of this enzyme is associated with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) in epistasis with the major risk factor for this disease, HLA-B*27, suggesting a direct relationship between AS and HLA-B*27-bound peptides. Three polymorphisms that affect peptide trimming protect from AS: K528R, D575N/R725Q, and Q730E. We characterized and ranked the effects of each mutation, and their various combinations, by quantitative comparisons of the HLA-B*27 peptidomes from cells expressing distinct ERAP1 variants. Five features were examined: peptide length, N-terminal flanking residues, N-terminal residues of the natural ligands, internal sequences and affinity for B*27:05. Polymorphism at residue 528 showed the largest influence, affecting all five features regardless of peptide length. D575N/R725Q showed a much smaller effect. Yet, when co-occurring with K528R, it further decreased ERAP1 activity. Polymorphism at residue 730 showed a significant influence on peptide length, because of distinct effects on trimming of nonamers compared with longer peptides. Accordingly, multiple features were affected by the Q730E mutation in a length-dependent way. The alterations induced in the B*27:05 peptidome by natural ERAP1 variants with different K528R/Q730E combinations reflected separate and additive effects of both mutations. Thus, the influence of ERAP1 on HLA-B*27 is very diverse at the population level, because of the multiplicity and complexity of ERAP1 variants, and to the distinct effects of their co-occurring polymorphisms, leading to significant modulation of disease risk among HLA-B*27-positive individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Sanz-Bravo
- From the ‡Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CSIC-UAM), 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Alvarez-Navarro
- §Instituto de Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Austral del Chile, and Escuela de Tecnología Médica, Facultad de Salud, Universidad Santo Tomás, Valdivia, Chile
| | | | - Eilon Barnea
- ¶Faculty of Biology, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Arie Admon
- ¶Faculty of Biology, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
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Padula MC, Leccese P, Padula AA, D'Angelo S, Martelli G. ERAP1 molecular characterization: Identification of a de novo allelic variant. HLA 2018; 92:44-45. [PMID: 29577660 DOI: 10.1111/tan.13262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Revised: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The novel ERAP1 allelic variant is a missense polymorphism leading to the Arg53Pro substitution.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Padula
- Rheumatology Institute of Lucania (IReL) and Rheumatology Department of Lucania, San Carlo Hospital of Potenza and Madonna delle Grazie Hospital of Matera, Potenza, Italy
- Department of Science, University of Basilicata, Potenza, Italy
| | - P Leccese
- Rheumatology Institute of Lucania (IReL) and Rheumatology Department of Lucania, San Carlo Hospital of Potenza and Madonna delle Grazie Hospital of Matera, Potenza, Italy
| | - A A Padula
- Rheumatology Institute of Lucania (IReL) and Rheumatology Department of Lucania, San Carlo Hospital of Potenza and Madonna delle Grazie Hospital of Matera, Potenza, Italy
| | - S D'Angelo
- Rheumatology Institute of Lucania (IReL) and Rheumatology Department of Lucania, San Carlo Hospital of Potenza and Madonna delle Grazie Hospital of Matera, Potenza, Italy
- Basilicata Ricerca Biomedica (BRB) Foundation, Potenza, Italy
| | - G Martelli
- Department of Science, University of Basilicata, Potenza, Italy
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