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Yang R, Fu Y, Li C, Chen Y, He A, Jiang X, Ma J, Zhang T. Profiling of Long Non-Coding RNAs in Auricular Cartilage of Patients with Isolated Microtia. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2024; 28:50-58. [PMID: 38416666 DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2023.0360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Microtia is the second most common maxillofacial birth defect worldwide. However, the involvement of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in isolated microtia is not well understood. This study aimed at identifying lncRNAs that regulate the expression of genes associated with isolated microtia. Methods: We used our microarray data to analyze the expression pattern of lncRNA in the auricular cartilage tissues from 10 patients diagnosed with isolated microtia, alongside 15 control subjects. Five lncRNAs were chosen for validation using real-time quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Results: We identified 4651 differentially expressed lncRNAs in the auricular cartilage from patients with isolated microtia. By Gene Ontology/Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway (GO/KEGG) analysis, we identified 27 differentially expressed genes enriched in pathways associated with microtia. In addition, we predicted 9 differentially expressed genes as potential cis-acting targets of 12 differentially expressed lncRNAs. Our findings by qRT-PCR demonstrate significantly elevated expression levels of ZFAS1 and DAB1-AS1, whereas ADIRF-AS1, HOTAIRM1, and EPB41L4A-AS1 exhibited significantly reduced expression levels in the auricular cartilage tissues of patients with isolated microtia. Conclusions: Our study sheds light on the potential involvement of lncRNAs in microtia and provides a basis for further investigation into their functional roles and underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Run Yang
- Department of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, ENT Institute, Eye & ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yaoyao Fu
- Department of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, ENT Institute, Eye & ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chenlong Li
- Department of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, ENT Institute, Eye & ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yin Chen
- Department of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, ENT Institute, Eye & ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Aijuan He
- Department of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, ENT Institute, Eye & ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Jiang
- Medical Laboratory of Nantong Zhongke, Department of Bioinformatics, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jing Ma
- Department of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, ENT Institute, Eye & ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tianyu Zhang
- Department of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, ENT Institute, Eye & ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Scotto G, Massa S, Spirito F, Fazio V. Congenital Zika Virus Syndrome: Microcephaly and Orofacial Anomalies. Life (Basel) 2023; 14:55. [PMID: 38255670 PMCID: PMC10820182 DOI: 10.3390/life14010055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The progressive reappearance of Zika virus (ZIKV) infections since October 2013 and its circulation in >70 countries and territories (from French Polynesia to Brazil and other countries in the Americas, with sporadic spread in Europe and the East) has long been reported as a global public health emergency. ZIKV is a virus transmitted by arthropods (arboviruses), mainly by Aedes mosquitoes. ZIKV can also be transmitted to humans through mechanisms other than vector infection such as sexual intercourse, blood transfusions, and mother-to-child transmission. The latter mode of transmission can give rise to a severe clinical form called congenital Zika syndrome (CZS), which can result in spontaneous abortion or serious pathological alterations in the fetus such as microcephaly or neurological and orofacial anomalies. In this study, beside a succinct overview of the etiological, microbiological, and epidemiological aspects and modes of transmission of Zika virus infections, we have focused our attention on the pathogenetic and histopathological aspects in pregnancy and the pathogenetic and molecular mechanisms that can determine microcephaly, and consequently the clinical alterations, typical of the fetus and newborns, in a subject affected by CZS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaetano Scotto
- Infectious Diseases Unit, University Hospital “OORR” Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Salvatore Massa
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Natural Resource and Engineering, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy;
| | - Francesca Spirito
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy;
| | - Vincenzina Fazio
- Clinical Chemistry Laboratory, Virology Unit, University Hospital “OORR” Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy;
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Castro-Pérez E, Singh M, Sadangi S, Mela-Sánchez C, Setaluri V. Connecting the dots: Melanoma cell of origin, tumor cell plasticity, trans-differentiation, and drug resistance. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2023; 36:330-347. [PMID: 37132530 PMCID: PMC10524512 DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.13092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Melanoma, a lethal malignancy that arises from melanocytes, exhibits a multiplicity of clinico-pathologically distinct subtypes in sun-exposed and non-sun-exposed areas. Melanocytes are derived from multipotent neural crest cells and are present in diverse anatomical locations, including skin, eyes, and various mucosal membranes. Tissue-resident melanocyte stem cells and melanocyte precursors contribute to melanocyte renewal. Elegant studies using mouse genetic models have shown that melanoma can arise from either melanocyte stem cells or differentiated pigment-producing melanocytes depending on a combination of tissue and anatomical site of origin and activation of oncogenic mutations (or overexpression) and/or the repression in expression or inactivating mutations in tumor suppressors. This variation raises the possibility that different subtypes of human melanomas (even subsets within each subtype) may also be a manifestation of malignancies of distinct cells of origin. Melanoma is known to exhibit phenotypic plasticity and trans-differentiation (defined as a tendency to differentiate into cell lineages other than the original lineage from which the tumor arose) along vascular and neural lineages. Additionally, stem cell-like properties such as pseudo-epithelial-to-mesenchymal (EMT-like) transition and expression of stem cell-related genes have also been associated with the development of melanoma drug resistance. Recent studies that employed reprogramming melanoma cells to induced pluripotent stem cells have uncovered potential relationships between melanoma plasticity, trans-differentiation, and drug resistance and implications for cell or origin of human cutaneous melanoma. This review provides a comprehensive summary of the current state of knowledge on melanoma cell of origin and the relationship between tumor cell plasticity and drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edgardo Castro-Pérez
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Biology of Diseases, Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología (INDICASAT-AIP), City of Knowledge, Panama City, Panama
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, University of Panama, Panama City, Panama
| | - Mithalesh Singh
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, U.S.A
| | - Shreyans Sadangi
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, U.S.A
| | - Carmen Mela-Sánchez
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, University of Panama, Panama City, Panama
| | - Vijayasaradhi Setaluri
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, U.S.A
- William S. Middleton VA Hospital, Madison, WI, U.S.A
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4
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Chen Q, Zhang Y, Luo Y, Li G. Mycophenolate mofetil exposure on embryonic and fetal ear development in rats during pregnancy. Birth Defects Res 2023; 115:1411-1423. [PMID: 37602693 DOI: 10.1002/bdr2.2214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To explore the pathogenesis of microtia, in this study, the different concentrations of mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) exposure on the development of rat embryonic and fetal ears, in order to establish a drug-induced microtia model, and provide a basis for further exploring the pathogenesis of microtia. METHODS The pregnant rat model was established in this study, 56 pregnant SD rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: control group and MMF (50, 100, and 200 mg/kg) group. Solutions were administered to the rats by oral gavage at gestation day (GD) 9 and GD 10 8:00 a.m, once a day. On GD 10.5 and GD 14.5, embryos were evaluated for neural crest development. On GD 20.5, fetuses were evaluated for overall survival and development with particular focus on ear development via morphologic, skeletal, and histologic investigation. Some animals were allowed to deliver their litters and offspring were evaluated on postnatal day 18 for ear development. RESULTS A total of 56 pregnant rats, 14 in each group, were included in the study. As a result, depending on MMF dose increase, in experimental groups, it was determined that the statistically significant the development of the first and second branchial arches and derived tissues of the embryo, overall survival, ear development, and length and weight of fetuses. Imaging of MMF groups revealed statistically significant differences in the development of the skull and auditory vesicles of MMF treated fetuses. Histologically, MMF affected the proliferation and differentiation of chondrocytes and the expression of type II collagen. CONCLUSIONS Mycophenolate mofetil can lead to the hypoplasia of rat embryos, fetuses, and auricle in a dose-dependent. MMF may affect the migration and proliferation of cranial neural crest cells, and then lead to microtia. MMF may induce the establishment of an animal model of microtia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Chen
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Youqi Luo
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Gaofeng Li
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
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Gross JB, Berning D, Phelps A, Luc H. An analysis of lateralized neural crest marker expression across development in the Mexican tetra, Astyanax mexicanus. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1074616. [PMID: 36875772 PMCID: PMC9975491 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1074616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The biological basis of lateralized cranial aberrations can be rooted in early asymmetric patterning of developmental tissues. However, precisely how development impacts natural cranial asymmetries remains incompletely understood. Here, we examined embryonic patterning of the cranial neural crest at two phases of embryonic development in a natural animal system with two morphotypes: cave-dwelling and surface-dwelling fish. Surface fish are highly symmetric with respect to cranial form at adulthood, however adult cavefish harbor diverse cranial asymmetries. To examine if lateralized aberrations of the developing neural crest underpin these asymmetries, we used an automated technique to quantify the area and expression level of cranial neural crest markers on the left and right sides of the embryonic head. We examined the expression of marker genes encoding both structural proteins and transcription factors at two key stages of development: 36 hpf (∼mid-migration of the neural crest) and 72 hpf (∼early differentiation of neural crest derivatives). Interestingly, our results revealed asymmetric biases at both phases of development in both morphotypes, however consistent lateral biases were less common in surface fish as development progressed. Additionally, this work provides the information on neural crest development, based on whole-mount expression patterns of 19 genes, between stage-matched cave and surface morphs. Further, this study revealed 'asymmetric' noise as a likely normative component of early neural crest development in natural Astyanax fish. Mature cranial asymmetries in cave morphs may arise from persistence of asymmetric processes during development, or as a function of asymmetric processes occurring later in the life history.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua B Gross
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Daniel Berning
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Ayana Phelps
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Heidi Luc
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
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Medina DT, Santos APPD, Rodrigues FMDF, Oliveira BHD. Oral manifestations of congenital Zika virus infection in children with microcephaly: 18-month follow-up case series. SPECIAL CARE IN DENTISTRY 2021; 42:343-351. [PMID: 34811766 DOI: 10.1111/scd.12681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To describe oral manifestations in children born with microcephaly attributed to congenital Zika virus syndrome (CZS). METHODS Data was collected in semiannual intervals from 2017 to 2019, by oral exams of the children and interview with caregivers at a Public Dental Center in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. A single calibrated examiner performed clinical examinations. RESULTS Of 38 eligible children, 34 were followed-up from 12 to 30 months of age, 20 boys and 14 girls. The mean age of emergence of their first primary tooth was 12.4 months (SD = 2.9). By 30 months of age only 14.7% (n = 5) had complete primary dentition. Alteration in the sequence of tooth emergence was observed in 41.1% (n = 14). Radiographic examination demonstrated dental agenesis (14.7% n = 5). Dental developmental alterations (38.2%, n = 13), enamel defects (14.7%, n = 5), eruption cysts/hematoma (23.5%, n = 8), gingival bleeding (55.8%, n = 19), narrow palate, and bruxism (64.7%, n = 22) were also observed. No child had dental caries. CONCLUSION Children with microcephaly attributed to CZS presented oral manifestations early in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Débora Teixeira Medina
- Rio de Janeiro State University - UERJ, School of Dentistry, Department of Community and Preventive Dentistry, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Pires Dos Santos
- Rio de Janeiro State University - UERJ, School of Dentistry, Department of Community and Preventive Dentistry, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Branca Heloisa de Oliveira
- Rio de Janeiro State University - UERJ, School of Dentistry, Department of Community and Preventive Dentistry, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Parmar B, Verma U, Khaire K, Danes D, Balakrishnan S. Inhibition of Cyclooxygenase-2 Alters Craniofacial Patterning during Early Embryonic Development of Chick. J Dev Biol 2021; 9:16. [PMID: 33922791 PMCID: PMC8167724 DOI: 10.3390/jdb9020016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A recent study from our lab revealed that the inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) exclusively reduces the level of PGE2 (Prostaglandin E2) among prostanoids and hampers the normal development of several structures, strikingly the cranial vault, in chick embryos. In order to unearth the mechanism behind the deviant development of cranial features, the expression pattern of various factors that are known to influence cranial neural crest cell (CNCC) migration was checked in chick embryos after inhibiting COX-2 activity using etoricoxib. The compromised level of cell adhesion molecules and their upstream regulators, namely CDH1 (E-cadherin), CDH2 (N-cadherin), MSX1 (Msh homeobox 1), and TGF-β (Transforming growth factor beta), observed in the etoricoxib-treated embryos indicate that COX-2, through its downstream effector PGE2, regulates the expression of these factors perhaps to aid the migration of CNCCs. The histological features and levels of FoxD3 (Forkhead box D3), as well as PCNA (Proliferating cell nuclear antigen), further consolidate the role of COX-2 in the migration and survival of CNCCs in developing embryos. The results of the current study indicate that COX-2 plays a pivotal role in orchestrating craniofacial structures perhaps by modulating CNCC proliferation and migration during the embryonic development of chicks.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Suresh Balakrishnan
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Gujarat 390002, India; (B.P.); (U.V.); (K.K.); (D.D.)
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Kandalam U, Kawai T, Ravindran G, Brockman R, Romero J, Munro M, Ortiz J, Heidari A, Thomas R, Kuriakose S, Naglieri C, Ejtemai S, Kaltman SI. Predifferentiated Gingival Stem Cell-Induced Bone Regeneration in Rat Alveolar Bone Defect Model. Tissue Eng Part A 2020; 27:424-436. [PMID: 32729362 PMCID: PMC8098763 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2020.0052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cleft alveolus, a common birth defect of the maxillary bone, affects one in 700 live births every year. This defect is traditionally restored by autogenous bone grafts or allografts, which may possibly cause complications. Cell-based therapies using the mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) derived from human gingiva (gingiva-derived mesenchymal stem cells [GMSCs]) is attracting the research interest due to their highly proliferative and multilineage differentiation capacity. Undifferentiated GMSCs expressed high level of MSC-distinctive surface antigens, including CD73, CD105, CD90, and CD166. Importantly, GMSCs induced with osteogenic medium for a week increased the surface markers of osteogenic phenotypes, such as CD10, CD92, and CD140b, indicating their osteogenic potential. The objective of this study was to assess the bone regenerative efficacy of predifferentiated GMSCs (dGMSCs) toward an osteogenic lineage in combination with a self-assembling hydrogel scaffold PuraMatrix™ (PM) and/or bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2), on a rodent model of maxillary alveolar bone defect. A critical size maxillary alveolar defect of 7 mm × 1 mm × 1 mm was surgically created in athymic nude rats. The defect was filled with either PM/BMP2 or PM/dGMSCs or the combination of three (PM/dGMSCs/BMP2) and the bone regeneration was evaluated at 4 and 8 weeks postsurgery. New bone formation was evaluated by microcomputed tomography and histology using Hematoxylin and Eosin staining. The results demonstrated the absence of spontaneous bone healing, either at 4 or 8 weeks postsurgery in the defect group. However, the PM/dGMSCs/BMP2 group showed significant enhancement in bone regeneration at 4 and 8 weeks postsurgery, compared with the transplantation of individual material/cells alone. Apart from developing the smallest critical size defect, results showed that PM/dGMSCs/BMP2 could serve as a promising option for the regeneration of bone in the cranio/maxillofacial region in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umadevi Kandalam
- Department of Oral Sciences and Translational Research, College of Dental Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, Florida, USA
| | - Toshihisa Kawai
- Department of Oral Sciences and Translational Research, College of Dental Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, Florida, USA
| | - Geeta Ravindran
- NSU Cell Therapy Institute, Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Allopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, Florida, USA.,Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ross Brockman
- Department of Oral Sciences and Translational Research, College of Dental Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, Florida, USA.,Oral and Maxillofacial, LSU Health Sciences Center New Orleans, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Jorge Romero
- Department of Oral Sciences and Translational Research, College of Dental Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, Florida, USA
| | - Matthew Munro
- Department of Oral Sciences and Translational Research, College of Dental Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, Florida, USA
| | - Julian Ortiz
- Department of Oral Sciences and Translational Research, College of Dental Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, Florida, USA
| | - Alireza Heidari
- Department of Oral Sciences and Translational Research, College of Dental Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, Florida, USA
| | - Ron Thomas
- NSU Cell Therapy Institute, Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Allopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, Florida, USA
| | - Sajish Kuriakose
- Department of Oral Medicine and Oral Surgery and College of Dental Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, Florida, USA
| | - Christopher Naglieri
- Department of Oral Sciences and Translational Research, College of Dental Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, Florida, USA
| | - Shaileen Ejtemai
- Department of Oral Sciences and Translational Research, College of Dental Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, Florida, USA
| | - Steven I Kaltman
- Department of Oral Sciences and Translational Research, College of Dental Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, Florida, USA.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Dental Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, Florida, USA
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de Oliveira AMM, de Melo EGM, Mendes MLT, Dos Santos Oliveira SJG, Tavares CSS, Vaez AC, de Vasconcelos SJA, Santos HP, Santos VS, Martins-Filho PRS. Oral and maxillofacial conditions, dietary aspects, and nutritional status of children with congenital Zika syndrome. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2020; 130:71-77. [PMID: 32493680 DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2020.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate oral and maxillofacial outcomes in children with congenital Zika syndrome (CZS) and the presence of nonnutritive sucking habits, functional habits, and features related to breastfeeding and nutrition of these children. STUDY DESIGN We conducted a cross-sectional study with 45 children with CZS and 50 healthy controls in Sergipe state, Brazil, from February 2018 to June 2018. Demographic and clinical data, including breastfeeding and feeding data, were obtained for each child. Additionally, oral and maxillofacial evaluation was performed. RESULTS Low weight (prevalence rate [PR] 8.33; 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.02-34.45), nonexclusive breastfeeding up to 6 months (PR 1.56; 95% CI 1.18-2.08); mouth breathing (PR 3.46; 95% CI 1.83-6.52); difficulty in swallowing (PR 6.00; 95% CI 2.53-14.25); and excessive salivation (PR 4.81; 95% CI 2.18-10.62) were more frequent in children with CZS. Children with CZS were more likely to have abnormal insertion of the upper labial frenulum (PR 7.04; 95% CI 2.23-22.20); ogival palate (PR 3.70; 95% CI 1.63-8.40), dental enamel defects (PR 2.22; 95% CI 1.05-4.69); and delayed dental eruption (PR 8.89; 95% CI 1.16-68.32) compared with healthy children. CONCLUSIONS Children with CZS had a higher frequency of problems related to breastfeeding, low weight, and oral and maxillofacial abnormalities compared with healthy children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Márcia Menezes de Oliveira
- Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, Brazil; Investigative Pathology Laboratory, Federal University of Sergipe, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Elisama Gomes Magalhães de Melo
- Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, Brazil; Investigative Pathology Laboratory, Federal University of Sergipe, Sergipe, Brazil
| | | | - Sheila Jaqueline Gomes Dos Santos Oliveira
- Investigative Pathology Laboratory, Federal University of Sergipe, Sergipe, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Sergipe, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Carolina Santos Souza Tavares
- Investigative Pathology Laboratory, Federal University of Sergipe, Sergipe, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Sergipe, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Andreia Centenaro Vaez
- Investigative Pathology Laboratory, Federal University of Sergipe, Sergipe, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Nursing, Federal University of Sergipe, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Sara Juliana Abreu de Vasconcelos
- Investigative Pathology Laboratory, Federal University of Sergipe, Sergipe, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Sergipe, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Hudson P Santos
- School of Nursing, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Victor Santana Santos
- Department of Nursing, Centre for Epidemiology and Public Health, Federal University of Alagoas, Arapiraca, Brazil
| | - Paulo Ricardo Saquete Martins-Filho
- Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, Brazil; Investigative Pathology Laboratory, Federal University of Sergipe, Sergipe, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Sergipe, Sergipe, Brazil.
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10
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Dhingra D, Joshi G, Kaushik S, Pandav SS. Anterior segment dysgenesis and secondary glaucoma in Goldenhar syndrome. Indian J Ophthalmol 2020; 67:1751-1753. [PMID: 31546553 PMCID: PMC6786137 DOI: 10.4103/ijo.ijo_301_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A 3-year-old girl presented with a history of watering, haze and increase in the size of the right eye for two months. The child had bilateral preauricular skin tags, limbal dermoid and dermolipoma, consistant with the diagnosis of Goldenhad syndrome. In addition, her right eye manifested enlarged cornea, flat anterior chamber, atrophic iris and elevated intraocular pressure. This case report highlights a possible association of anterior segment dysgenesis and glaucoma with Goldenhar syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepika Dhingra
- Advanced Eye Centre, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Gunjan Joshi
- Advanced Eye Centre, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Sushmita Kaushik
- Advanced Eye Centre, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Surinder S Pandav
- Advanced Eye Centre, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
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11
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Hall EG, Wenger LW, Wilson NR, Undurty-Akella SS, Standley J, Augustine-Akpan EA, Kousa YA, Acevedo DS, Goering JP, Pitstick L, Natsume N, Paroya SM, Busch TD, Ito M, Mori A, Imura H, Schultz-Rogers LE, Klee EW, Babovic-Vuksanovic D, Kroc SA, Adeyemo WL, Eshete MA, Bjork BC, Suzuki S, Murray JC, Schutte BC, Butali A, Saadi I. SPECC1L regulates palate development downstream of IRF6. Hum Mol Genet 2020; 29:845-858. [PMID: 31943082 PMCID: PMC7104672 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddaa002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
SPECC1L mutations have been identified in patients with rare atypical orofacial clefts and with syndromic cleft lip and/or palate (CL/P). These mutations cluster in the second coiled-coil and calponin homology domains of SPECC1L and severely affect the ability of SPECC1L to associate with microtubules. We previously showed that gene-trap knockout of Specc1l in mouse results in early embryonic lethality. We now present a truncation mutant mouse allele, Specc1lΔC510, that results in perinatal lethality. Specc1lΔC510/ΔC510 homozygotes showed abnormal palate rugae but did not show cleft palate. However, when crossed with a gene-trap allele, Specc1lcGT/ΔC510 compound heterozygotes showed a palate elevation delay with incompletely penetrant cleft palate. Specc1lcGT/ΔC510 embryos exhibit transient oral epithelial adhesions at E13.5, which may delay shelf elevation. Consistent with oral adhesions, we show periderm layer abnormalities, including ectopic apical expression of adherens junction markers, similar to Irf6 hypomorphic mutants and Arhgap29 heterozygotes. Indeed, SPECC1L expression is drastically reduced in Irf6 mutant palatal shelves. Finally, we wanted to determine if SPECC1L deficiency also contributed to non-syndromic (ns) CL/P. We sequenced 62 Caucasian, 89 Filipino, 90 Ethiopian, 90 Nigerian and 95 Japanese patients with nsCL/P and identified three rare coding variants (p.Ala86Thr, p.Met91Iso and p.Arg546Gln) in six individuals. These variants reside outside of SPECC1L coiled-coil domains and result in milder functional defects than variants associated with syndromic clefting. Together, our data indicate that palate elevation is sensitive to deficiency of SPECC1L dosage and function and that SPECC1L cytoskeletal protein functions downstream of IRF6 in palatogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Everett G Hall
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Luke W Wenger
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Nathan R Wilson
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Sraavya S Undurty-Akella
- Department of Pediatrics, Craniofacial Anomalies Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Jennifer Standley
- Department of Pediatrics, Craniofacial Anomalies Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Eno-Abasi Augustine-Akpan
- Department of Oral Pathology, Radiology and Medicine/Dow Institute for Dental Research, College of Dentistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Youssef A Kousa
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Diana S Acevedo
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Jeremy P Goering
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Lenore Pitstick
- Department of Biochemistry, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL 60515, USA
| | - Nagato Natsume
- Division of Research and Treatment for Oral and Maxillofacial Congenital Anomalies, Aichi Gakuin University Hospital, 2-11 Suemori-Dori, Nagoya, Chikusa-ku, Japan
| | - Shahnawaz M Paroya
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Tamara D Busch
- Department of Pediatrics, Craniofacial Anomalies Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Masaaki Ito
- Division of Research and Treatment for Oral and Maxillofacial Congenital Anomalies, Aichi Gakuin University Hospital, 2-11 Suemori-Dori, Nagoya, Chikusa-ku, Japan
| | - Akihiro Mori
- Division of Research and Treatment for Oral and Maxillofacial Congenital Anomalies, Aichi Gakuin University Hospital, 2-11 Suemori-Dori, Nagoya, Chikusa-ku, Japan
| | - Hideto Imura
- Division of Research and Treatment for Oral and Maxillofacial Congenital Anomalies, Aichi Gakuin University Hospital, 2-11 Suemori-Dori, Nagoya, Chikusa-ku, Japan
| | | | - Eric W Klee
- Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Department of Clinical Genomics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | | | - Sarah A Kroc
- Department of Clinical Genomics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Wasiu L Adeyemo
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, PMB 12003, Nigeria
| | - Mekonen A Eshete
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, PO Box 26493, Ethiopia
| | - Bryan C Bjork
- Department of Biochemistry, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL 60515, USA
| | - Satoshi Suzuki
- Department of Pediatrics, Craniofacial Anomalies Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Division of Research and Treatment for Oral and Maxillofacial Congenital Anomalies, Aichi Gakuin University Hospital, 2-11 Suemori-Dori, Nagoya, Chikusa-ku, Japan
| | - Jeffrey C Murray
- Department of Pediatrics, Craniofacial Anomalies Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Brian C Schutte
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Department of Pediatrics and Human Development, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Azeez Butali
- Department of Oral Pathology, Radiology and Medicine/Dow Institute for Dental Research, College of Dentistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Irfan Saadi
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
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12
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Extracraniofacial anomalies in craniofacial microsomia: retrospective analysis of 991 patients. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2019; 48:1169-1176. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2019.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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13
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Neural crest stem cells from human epidermis of aged donors maintain their multipotency in vitro and in vivo. Sci Rep 2019; 9:9750. [PMID: 31278326 PMCID: PMC6611768 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-46140-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Neural crest (NC) cells are multipotent stem cells that arise from the embryonic ectoderm, delaminate from the neural tube in early vertebrate development and migrate throughout the developing embryo, where they differentiate into various cell lineages. Here we show that multipotent and functional NC cells can be derived by induction with a growth factor cocktail containing FGF2 and IGF1 from cultures of human inter-follicular keratinocytes (KC) isolated from elderly donors. Adult NC cells exhibited longer doubling times as compared to neonatal NC cells, but showed limited signs of cellular senescence despite the advanced age of the donors and exhibited significantly younger epigenetic age as compared to KC. They also maintained their multipotency, as evidenced by their ability to differentiate into all NC-specific lineages including neurons, Schwann cells, melanocytes, and smooth muscle cells (SMC). Notably, upon implantation into chick embryos, adult NC cells behaved similar to their embryonic counterparts, migrated along stereotypical pathways and contributed to multiple NC derivatives in ovo. These results suggest that KC-derived NC cells may provide an easily accessible, autologous source of stem cells that can be used for treatment of neurodegenerative diseases or as a model system for studying disease pathophysiology and drug development.
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14
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Gaczkowska A, Biedziak B, Budner M, Zadurska M, Lasota A, Hozyasz KK, Dąbrowska J, Wójcicki P, Szponar-Żurowska A, Żukowski K, Jagodziński PP, Mostowska A. PAX7 nucleotide variants and the risk of non-syndromic orofacial clefts in the Polish population. Oral Dis 2019; 25:1608-1618. [PMID: 31173442 DOI: 10.1111/odi.13139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The etiology of non-syndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (nsCL/P) is multifactorial, heterogeneous, and still not completely understood. The aim of the present study was to examine the associations between common and rare PAX7 nucleotide variants and the risk of this common congenital anomaly in a Polish population. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Eight top nsCL/P-associated PAX7 variants identified in our cleft genome-wide association study (GWAS) were selected for replication analysis in an independent group of patients and controls (n = 247 and n = 445, respectively). In addition, mutation screening of the PAX7 protein-coding region was conducted. RESULTS Analysis of the pooled data from the GWAS and replication study confirmed that common PAX7 nucleotide variants are significantly associated with the increased risk of nsCL/P. The strongest individual variant was rs1339062 (c.586 + 15617T > C) with a p-value = 2.47E-05 (OR = 1.4, 95%CI: 1.20-1.64). Sequencing analysis identified a novel synonymous PAX7 substitution (c.87G > A, p.Val29Val) in a single patient with nsCLP. This transition located in the early exonic position was predicted to disrupt potential splice enhancer elements. CONCLUSION Our study confirmed that PAX7 is a strong candidate gene for nsCL/P. Nucleotide variants of this gene contribute to the etiology of nsCL/P in the homogenous Polish population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Gaczkowska
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Barbara Biedziak
- Clinic of Craniofacial Anomalies, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Margareta Budner
- Eastern Poland Burn Treatment and Reconstructive Center, Leczna, Poland
| | | | - Agnieszka Lasota
- Department of Jaw Orthopedics, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Kamil K Hozyasz
- Institute of Health Sciences, State School of Higher Education, Biala Podlaska, Poland
| | - Justyna Dąbrowska
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Piotr Wójcicki
- Plastic Surgery Clinic, Medical University in Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Anna Szponar-Żurowska
- Clinic of Craniofacial Anomalies, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Kacper Żukowski
- Department of Cattle Breeding, National Research Institute of Animal Production, Balice, Poland
| | - Paweł P Jagodziński
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Adrianna Mostowska
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
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15
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Yang J, Pan H, Mishina Y. Tissue Preparation and Immunostaining of Mouse Craniofacial Tissues and Undecalcified Bone. J Vis Exp 2019. [PMID: 31132049 DOI: 10.3791/59113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissue immunostaining provides highly specific and reliable detection of proteins of interest within a given tissue. Here we describe a complete and simple protocol to detect protein expression during craniofacial morphogenesis/pathogenesis using mouse craniofacial tissues as examples. The protocol consists of preparation and cryosectioning of tissues, indirect immunofluorescence, image acquisition, and quantification. In addition, a method for preparation and cryosectioning of undecalcified hard tissues for immunostaining is described, using craniofacial tissues and long bones as examples. Those methods are key to determine the protein expression and morphological/anatomical changes in various tissues during craniofacial morphogenesis/pathogenesis. They are also applicable to other tissues with appropriate modifications. Knowledge of the histology and high quality of sections are critical to draw scientific conclusions from experimental outcomes. Potential limitations of this methodology include but are not limited to specificity of antibodies and difficulties of quantification, which are also discussed here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwen Yang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedicine of Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University; Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan
| | - Haichun Pan
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan
| | - Yuji Mishina
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan;
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16
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Matheus F, Rusha E, Rehimi R, Molitor L, Pertek A, Modic M, Feederle R, Flatley A, Kremmer E, Geerlof A, Rishko V, Rada-Iglesias A, Drukker M. Pathological ASXL1 Mutations and Protein Variants Impair Neural Crest Development. Stem Cell Reports 2019; 12:861-868. [PMID: 31006630 PMCID: PMC6524927 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2019.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The neural crest (NC) gives rise to a multitude of fetal tissues, and its misregulation is implicated in congenital malformations. Here, we investigated molecular mechanisms pertaining to NC-related symptoms in Bohring-Opitz syndrome (BOS), a developmental disorder linked to mutations in the Polycomb group factor Additional sex combs-like 1 (ASXL1). Genetically edited human pluripotent stem cell lines that were differentiated to NC progenitors and then xenotransplanted into chicken embryos demonstrated an impairment of NC delamination and emigration. Molecular analysis showed that ASXL1 mutations correlated with reduced activation of the transcription factor ZIC1 and the NC gene regulatory network. These findings were supported by differentiation experiments using BOS patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cell lines. Expression of truncated ASXL1 isoforms (amino acids 1-900) recapitulated the NC phenotypes in vitro and in ovo, raising the possibility that truncated ASXL1 variants contribute to BOS pathology. Collectively, we expand the understanding of truncated ASXL1 in BOS and in the human NC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Friederike Matheus
- Institute for Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München GmbH, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Ejona Rusha
- Institute for Stem Cell Research, iPSC Core Facility, Helmholtz Zentrum München GmbH, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Rizwan Rehimi
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), 50931 Köln, Germany
| | - Lena Molitor
- Institute for Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München GmbH, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Anna Pertek
- Institute for Stem Cell Research, iPSC Core Facility, Helmholtz Zentrum München GmbH, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Miha Modic
- The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK; Department for Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Regina Feederle
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Monoclonal Antibody Core Facility, Helmholtz Zentrum München GmbH, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Andrew Flatley
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Monoclonal Antibody Core Facility, Helmholtz Zentrum München GmbH, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Kremmer
- Institute of Molecular Immunology, Helmholtz Zentrum München GmbH, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Arie Geerlof
- Institute of Structural Biology, Protein Expression and Purification Facility, Helmholtz Zentrum München GmbH, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Valentyna Rishko
- Institute for Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München GmbH, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | | | - Micha Drukker
- Institute for Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München GmbH, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
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17
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Adameyko I. Supracellular contractions propel migration. Science 2018; 362:290-291. [PMID: 30337397 DOI: 10.1126/science.aav3376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Igor Adameyko
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden. .,Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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18
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Tseropoulos G, Moghadasi Boroujeni S, Bajpai VK, Lei P, Andreadis ST. Derivation of neural crest stem cells from human epidermal keratinocytes requires FGF-2, IGF-1, and inhibition of TGF-β1. Bioeng Transl Med 2018; 3:256-264. [PMID: 30377664 PMCID: PMC6195909 DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Revised: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Neural crest (NC) cells play a central role in forming the peripheral nervous system, the craniofacial skeleton, and the pigmentation of the skin during development due to their broad multilineage differentiation potential into neurons, Schwann cells, melanocytes, and mesenchymal stem cells. Recently, we identified an easily accessible source of pluripotent NC stem cells from human inter‐follicular keratinocyte (KC) cultures (KC‐NC). In this work, we examined specific conditions for the derivation of NC from KC cultures. More specifically, we examined the role of two growth factors, FGF2 and IGF1, in NC proliferation and in expression of two potent NC transcription factors, Sox10 and FoxD3. Using specific chemical inhibitors, we uncovered that the downstream regulatory pathways AKT/PI3K, MEK/ERK, and JNK/cJun may be critical in Sox10 and FoxD3 regulation in KC‐NC. The TGF‐β1 pathway was also implicated in suppressing Sox10 expression and NC proliferation. In summary, our study shed light into the role of FGF2, IGF1, and TGF‐β1 on the induction of NC from KC cultures and the pathways that regulate Sox10 and FoxD3. We also established culture conditions for sustaining KC‐NC multipotency and, therefore, the potential of these cells for regenerative medicine and cellular therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Tseropoulos
- Dept. of Chemical and Biological Engineering University at Buffalo Buffalo NY 14260
| | | | - Vivek K Bajpai
- Dept. of Chemical and Biological Engineering University at Buffalo Buffalo NY 14260
| | - Pedro Lei
- Dept. of Chemical and Biological Engineering University at Buffalo Buffalo NY 14260
| | - Stelios T Andreadis
- Dept. of Chemical and Biological Engineering University at Buffalo Buffalo NY 14260.,Dept. of Biomedical Engineering University at Buffalo Buffalo NY 14228.,Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics and Life Sciences Buffalo NY 14203
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19
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A comparative study of cartilage engineered constructs in immunocompromised, humanized and immunocompetent mice. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.regen.2018.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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20
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Kaucka M, Petersen J, Tesarova M, Szarowska B, Kastriti ME, Xie M, Kicheva A, Annusver K, Kasper M, Symmons O, Pan L, Spitz F, Kaiser J, Hovorakova M, Zikmund T, Sunadome K, Matise MP, Wang H, Marklund U, Abdo H, Ernfors P, Maire P, Wurmser M, Chagin AS, Fried K, Adameyko I. Signals from the brain and olfactory epithelium control shaping of the mammalian nasal capsule cartilage. eLife 2018; 7:34465. [PMID: 29897331 PMCID: PMC6019068 DOI: 10.7554/elife.34465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Facial shape is the basis for facial recognition and categorization. Facial features reflect the underlying geometry of the skeletal structures. Here, we reveal that cartilaginous nasal capsule (corresponding to upper jaw and face) is shaped by signals generated by neural structures: brain and olfactory epithelium. Brain-derived Sonic Hedgehog (SHH) enables the induction of nasal septum and posterior nasal capsule, whereas the formation of a capsule roof is controlled by signals from the olfactory epithelium. Unexpectedly, the cartilage of the nasal capsule turned out to be important for shaping membranous facial bones during development. This suggests that conserved neurosensory structures could benefit from protection and have evolved signals inducing cranial cartilages encasing them. Experiments with mutant mice revealed that the genomic regulatory regions controlling production of SHH in the nervous system contribute to facial cartilage morphogenesis, which might be a mechanism responsible for the adaptive evolution of animal faces and snouts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marketa Kaucka
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Molecular Neurosciences, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Julian Petersen
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Molecular Neurosciences, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Marketa Tesarova
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Bara Szarowska
- Department of Molecular Neurosciences, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Maria Eleni Kastriti
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Molecular Neurosciences, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Meng Xie
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Kicheva
- Institute of Science and Technology IST Austria, Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Karl Annusver
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Center for Innovative Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Maria Kasper
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Center for Innovative Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Orsolya Symmons
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States
| | - Leslie Pan
- Developmental Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Francois Spitz
- Developmental Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany.,Genomics of Animal Development Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Jozef Kaiser
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Maria Hovorakova
- Department of Developmental Biology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Zikmund
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Kazunori Sunadome
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Michael P Matise
- Department of Neuroscience & Cell Biology, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, United States
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Neuroscience & Cell Biology, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, United States
| | - Ulrika Marklund
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hind Abdo
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Patrik Ernfors
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Pascal Maire
- Department of Development, Reproduction and Cancer, Institute Cochin, Paris, France
| | - Maud Wurmser
- Department of Development, Reproduction and Cancer, Institute Cochin, Paris, France
| | - Andrei S Chagin
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Kaj Fried
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Igor Adameyko
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Molecular Neurosciences, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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21
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Dysregulation of cotranscriptional alternative splicing underlies CHARGE syndrome. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:E620-E629. [PMID: 29311329 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1715378115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
CHARGE syndrome-which stands for coloboma of the eye, heart defects, atresia of choanae, retardation of growth/development, genital abnormalities, and ear anomalies-is a severe developmental disorder with wide phenotypic variability, caused mainly by mutations in CHD7 (chromodomain helicase DNA-binding protein 7), known to encode a chromatin remodeler. The genetic lesions responsible for CHD7 mutation-negative cases are unknown, at least in part because the pathogenic mechanisms underlying CHARGE syndrome remain poorly defined. Here, we report the characterization of a mouse model for CHD7 mutation-negative cases of CHARGE syndrome generated by insertional mutagenesis of Fam172a (family with sequence similarity 172, member A). We show that Fam172a plays a key role in the regulation of cotranscriptional alternative splicing, notably by interacting with Ago2 (Argonaute-2) and Chd7. Validation studies in a human cohort allow us to propose that dysregulation of cotranscriptional alternative splicing is a unifying pathogenic mechanism for both CHD7 mutation-positive and CHD7 mutation-negative cases. We also present evidence that such splicing defects can be corrected in vitro by acute rapamycin treatment.
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22
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Pan H, Zhang H, Abraham P, Komatsu Y, Lyons K, Kaartinen V, Mishina Y. BmpR1A is a major type 1 BMP receptor for BMP-Smad signaling during skull development. Dev Biol 2017. [PMID: 28641928 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2017.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Craniosynostosis is caused by premature fusion of one or more sutures in an infant skull, resulting in abnormal facial features. The molecular and cellular mechanisms by which genetic mutations cause craniosynostosis are incompletely characterized, and many of the causative genes for diverse types of syndromic craniosynostosis have not yet been identified. We previously demonstrated that augmentation of BMP signaling mediated by a constitutively active BMP type IA receptor (ca-BmpR1A) in neural crest cells (ca1A hereafter) causes craniosynostosis and superimposition of heterozygous null mutation of Bmpr1a rescues premature suture fusion (ca1A;1aH hereafter). In this study, we superimposed heterozygous null mutations of the other two BMP type I receptors, Bmpr1b and Acvr1 (ca1A;1bH and ca1A;AcH respectively hereafter) to further dissect involvement of BMP-Smad signaling. Unlike caA1;1aH, ca1A;1bH and ca1A;AcH did not restore the craniosynostosis phenotypes. In our in vivo study, Smad-dependent BMP signaling was decreased to normal levels in mut;1aH mice. However, BMP receptor-regulated Smads (R-Smads; pSmad1/5/9 hereafter) levels were comparable between ca1A, ca1A;1bH and ca1A;AcH mice, and elevated compared to control mice. Bmpr1a, Bmpr1b and Acvr1 null cells were used to examine potential mechanisms underlying the differences in ability of heterozygosity for Bmpr1a vs. Bmpr1b or Acvr1 to rescue the mut phenotype. pSmad1/5/9 level was undetectable in Bmpr1a homozygous null cells while pSmad1/5/9 levels did not decrease in Bmpr1b or Acvr1 homozygous null cells. Taken together, our study indicates that different levels of expression and subsequent activation of Smad signaling differentially contribute each BMP type I receptor to BMP-Smad signaling and craniofacial development. These results also suggest differential involvement of each type 1 receptor in pathogenesis of syndromic craniosynostoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haichun Pan
- Department of Biologic & Materials Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, 1011 N. University Ave., Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Honghao Zhang
- Department of Biologic & Materials Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, 1011 N. University Ave., Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Ponnu Abraham
- Department of Biologic & Materials Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, 1011 N. University Ave., Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Yoshihiro Komatsu
- Department of Biologic & Materials Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, 1011 N. University Ave., Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Karen Lyons
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Vesa Kaartinen
- Department of Biologic & Materials Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, 1011 N. University Ave., Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Yuji Mishina
- Department of Biologic & Materials Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, 1011 N. University Ave., Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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23
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Bajpai VK, Kerosuo L, Tseropoulos G, Cummings KA, Wang X, Lei P, Liu B, Liu S, Popescu GK, Bronner ME, Andreadis ST. Reprogramming Postnatal Human Epidermal Keratinocytes Toward Functional Neural Crest Fates. Stem Cells 2017; 35:1402-1415. [PMID: 28142205 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Revised: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
During development, neural crest (NC) cells are induced by signaling events at the neural plate border of all vertebrate embryos. Initially arising within the central nervous system, NC cells subsequently undergo an epithelial to mesenchymal transition to migrate into the periphery, where they differentiate into diverse cell types. Here we provide evidence that postnatal human epidermal keratinocytes (KC), in response to fibroblast growth factor 2 and insulin like growth factor 1 signals, can be reprogrammed toward a NC fate. Genome-wide transcriptome analyses show that keratinocyte-derived NC cells are similar to those derived from human embryonic stem cells. Moreover, they give rise in vitro and in vivo to NC derivatives such as peripheral neurons, melanocytes, Schwann cells and mesenchymal cells (osteocytes, chondrocytes, adipocytes, and smooth muscle cells). By demonstrating that human keratin-14+ KC can form NC cells, even from clones of single cells, our results have important implications in stem cell biology and regenerative medicine. Stem Cells 2017;35:1402-1415.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek K Bajpai
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Laura Kerosuo
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA
| | - Georgios Tseropoulos
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Kirstie A Cummings
- Department of Biochemistry, Neuroscience Program, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Pedro Lei
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Biao Liu
- Center for Personalized Medicine, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York, USA.,Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Song Liu
- Center for Personalized Medicine, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York, USA.,Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Gabriela K Popescu
- Department of Biochemistry, Neuroscience Program, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Marianne E Bronner
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA
| | - Stelios T Andreadis
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA.,Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics and Life Sciences, Buffalo, New York, USA
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24
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Lattanzi W, Barba M, Di Pietro L, Boyadjiev SA. Genetic advances in craniosynostosis. Am J Med Genet A 2017; 173:1406-1429. [PMID: 28160402 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.38159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Revised: 12/30/2016] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Craniosynostosis, the premature ossification of one or more skull sutures, is a clinically and genetically heterogeneous congenital anomaly affecting approximately one in 2,500 live births. In most cases, it occurs as an isolated congenital anomaly, that is, nonsyndromic craniosynostosis (NCS), the genetic, and environmental causes of which remain largely unknown. Recent data suggest that, at least some of the midline NCS cases may be explained by two loci inheritance. In approximately 25-30% of patients, craniosynostosis presents as a feature of a genetic syndrome due to chromosomal defects or mutations in genes within interconnected signaling pathways. The aim of this review is to provide a detailed and comprehensive update on the genetic and environmental factors associated with NCS, integrating the scientific findings achieved during the last decade. Focus on the neurodevelopmental, imaging, and treatment aspects of NCS is also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanda Lattanzi
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.,Latium Musculoskeletal Tıssue Bank, Rome, Italy
| | - Marta Barba
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Lorena Di Pietro
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Simeon A Boyadjiev
- Division of Genomic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Davis Medical Center, University of California, Sacramento, California
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25
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Mandalos NP, Remboutsika E. Sox2: To crest or not to crest? Semin Cell Dev Biol 2016; 63:43-49. [PMID: 27592260 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2016.08.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Revised: 08/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Precise control of neural progenitor transformation into neural crest stem cells ensures proper craniofacial and head development. In the neural progenitor pool, SoxB factors play an essential role as cell fate determinants of neural development, whereas during neural crest stem cell formation, Sox2 plays a predominant role as a guardian of the developmental clock that ensures precision of cell flow in the developing head.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos Panagiotis Mandalos
- National University of Athens Medical School, Department of Pediatrics, 75 Mikras Asias Str., 115 27, Athens, Greece; Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, Biomedical Sciences Research Centre "Alexander Fleming", 34 Fleming Str., 16672 Vari-Attica, Greece; Adjunct Faculty, The Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Basic Sciences Division, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, 855 North Wolfe Str., Suite 300, 3rd Floor, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Eumorphia Remboutsika
- National University of Athens Medical School, Department of Pediatrics, 75 Mikras Asias Str., 115 27, Athens, Greece; Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, Biomedical Sciences Research Centre "Alexander Fleming", 34 Fleming Str., 16672 Vari-Attica, Greece; Adjunct Faculty, The Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Basic Sciences Division, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, 855 North Wolfe Str., Suite 300, 3rd Floor, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
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26
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Badri MK, Zhang H, Ohyama Y, Venkitapathi S, Alamoudi A, Kamiya N, Takeda H, Ray M, Scott G, Tsuji T, Kunieda T, Mishina Y, Mochida Y. Expression of Evc2 in craniofacial tissues and craniofacial bone defects in Evc2 knockout mouse. Arch Oral Biol 2016; 68:142-52. [PMID: 27164562 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2016.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2015] [Revised: 04/30/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Our objectives were to determine the expression of EVC2 in craniofacial tissues and investigate the effect of Evc2 deficiency on craniofacial bones using Evc2 knockout (KO) mouse model. DESIGN Evc2 KO mice were generated by introducing a premature stop codon followed by the Internal Ribosomal Entry Site fused to β-galactosidase (LacZ). Samples from wild-type (WT), heterozygous (Het) and homozygous Evc2 KO mice were prepared. LacZ staining and immunohistochemistry (IHC) with anti-β-galactosidase, anti-EVC2 and anti-SOX9 antibodies were performed. The craniofacial bones were stained with alcian blue and alizarin red. RESULTS The LacZ activity in KO was mainly observed in the anterior parts of viscerocranium. The Evc2-expressing cells were identified in many cartilageous regions by IHC with anti-β-galactosidase antibody in KO and Het embryos. The endogenous EVC2 protein was observed in these areas in WT embryos. Double labeling with anti-SOX9 antibody showed that these cells were mainly chondrocytes. At adult stages, the expression of EVC2 was found in chondrocytes of nasal bones and spheno-occipital synchondrosis, and osteocytes and endothelial-like cells of the premaxilla and mandible. The skeletal double staining demonstrated that craniofacial bones, where the expression of EVC2 was observed, in KO had the morphological defects as compared to WT. CONCLUSION To our knowledge, our study was the first to identify the types of Evc2-expressing cells in craniofacial tissues. Consistent with the expression pattern, abnormal craniofacial bone morphology was found in the Evc2 KO mice, suggesting that EVC2 may be important during craniofacial growth and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed K Badri
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Henry M. Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Boston University, 700 Albany Street, Boston, MA 02118, USA; Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, Taibah University, Al-Madinah Al-Munawarah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Honghao Zhang
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, 1011 N. University Ave., Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1078, USA
| | - Yoshio Ohyama
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Henry M. Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Boston University, 700 Albany Street, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Sundharamani Venkitapathi
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Henry M. Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Boston University, 700 Albany Street, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Ahmed Alamoudi
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Henry M. Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Boston University, 700 Albany Street, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Nobuhiro Kamiya
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, 1011 N. University Ave., Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1078, USA; Laboratory of Reproductive and Developmental Toxicology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, 111 TW Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27009, USA
| | - Haruko Takeda
- Unit of Animal Genomics, GIGA-R & Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, 1 Avenue de l'Hôpital, 4000-Liège, Belgium
| | - Manas Ray
- Knock Out Core, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, 111 TW Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27009, USA
| | - Greg Scott
- Knock Out Core, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, 111 TW Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27009, USA
| | - Takehito Tsuji
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama City, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Kunieda
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama City, Japan
| | - Yuji Mishina
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, 1011 N. University Ave., Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1078, USA; Laboratory of Reproductive and Developmental Toxicology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, 111 TW Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27009, USA; Knock Out Core, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, 111 TW Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27009, USA
| | - Yoshiyuki Mochida
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Henry M. Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Boston University, 700 Albany Street, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
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27
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Van Otterloo E, Williams T, Artinger KB. The old and new face of craniofacial research: How animal models inform human craniofacial genetic and clinical data. Dev Biol 2016; 415:171-187. [PMID: 26808208 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2016.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Revised: 01/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The craniofacial skeletal structures that comprise the human head develop from multiple tissues that converge to form the bones and cartilage of the face. Because of their complex development and morphogenesis, many human birth defects arise due to disruptions in these cellular populations. Thus, determining how these structures normally develop is vital if we are to gain a deeper understanding of craniofacial birth defects and devise treatment and prevention options. In this review, we will focus on how animal model systems have been used historically and in an ongoing context to enhance our understanding of human craniofacial development. We do this by first highlighting "animal to man" approaches; that is, how animal models are being utilized to understand fundamental mechanisms of craniofacial development. We discuss emerging technologies, including high throughput sequencing and genome editing, and new animal repository resources, and how their application can revolutionize the future of animal models in craniofacial research. Secondly, we highlight "man to animal" approaches, including the current use of animal models to test the function of candidate human disease variants. Specifically, we outline a common workflow deployed after discovery of a potentially disease causing variant based on a select set of recent examples in which human mutations are investigated in vivo using animal models. Collectively, these topics will provide a pipeline for the use of animal models in understanding human craniofacial development and disease for clinical geneticist and basic researchers alike.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Van Otterloo
- Department of Craniofacial Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
| | - Trevor Williams
- Department of Craniofacial Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Kristin Bruk Artinger
- Department of Craniofacial Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
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28
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Podleschny M, Grund A, Berger H, Rollwitz E, Borchers A. A PTK7/Ror2 Co-Receptor Complex Affects Xenopus Neural Crest Migration. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0145169. [PMID: 26680417 PMCID: PMC4683079 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0145169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Neural crest cells are a highly migratory pluripotent cell population that generates a wide array of different cell types and failure in their migration can result in severe birth defects and malformation syndromes. Neural crest migration is controlled by various means including chemotaxis, repellent guidance cues and cell-cell interaction. Non-canonical Wnt PCP (planar cell polarity) signaling has previously been shown to control cell-contact mediated neural crest cell guidance. PTK7 (protein tyrosine kinase 7) is a transmembrane pseudokinase and a known regulator of Wnt/PCP signaling, which is expressed in Xenopus neural crest cells and required for their migration. PTK7 functions as a Wnt co-receptor; however, it remains unclear by which means PTK7 affects neural crest migration. Expressing fluorescently labeled proteins in Xenopus neural crest cells we find that PTK7 co-localizes with the Ror2 Wnt-receptor. Further, co-immunoprecipitation experiments demonstrate that PTK7 interacts with Ror2. The PTK7/Ror2 interaction is likely relevant for neural crest migration, because Ror2 expression can rescue the PTK7 loss of function migration defect. Live cell imaging of explanted neural crest cells shows that PTK7 loss of function affects the formation of cell protrusions as well as cell motility. Co-expression of Ror2 can rescue these defects. In vivo analysis demonstrates that a kinase dead Ror2 mutant cannot rescue PTK7 loss of function. Thus, our data suggest that Ror2 can substitute for PTK7 and that the signaling function of its kinase domain is required for this effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Podleschny
- Faculty of Biology, Molecular Embryology, Philipps-Universität Marburg, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Anita Grund
- Faculty of Biology, Molecular Embryology, Philipps-Universität Marburg, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Hanna Berger
- Faculty of Biology, Molecular Embryology, Philipps-Universität Marburg, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Erik Rollwitz
- Faculty of Biology, Molecular Embryology, Philipps-Universität Marburg, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Annette Borchers
- Faculty of Biology, Molecular Embryology, Philipps-Universität Marburg, 35043 Marburg, Germany
- * E-mail:
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29
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A Comprehensive Study of Soft Palate Development in Mice. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0145018. [PMID: 26671681 PMCID: PMC4687642 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0145018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cleft palate is one of the most common congenital birth defects. Tremendous efforts have been made over the last decades towards understanding hard palate development. However, little is known about soft palate morphogenesis and myogenesis. Finding an appropriate surgical repair to restore physiological functions of the soft palate in patients with cleft palate is a major challenge for surgeons, and complete restoration is not always achievable. Here, we first analyzed the morphology, orientation and attachments of the four muscles of the murine soft palate and found that they are very similar to their counterparts in humans, validating the use of mus musculus as a model for future studies. Our data suggests that muscle differentiation extends from the lateral region to the midline following palatal fusion. We also detected an epithelial seam in the fusing soft palatal shelves, consistent with the process of fusion of the posterior palatal shelves, followed by degradation of the epithelial remnants. Innervation and vascularization are present mainly in the oral side of the soft palate, complementing the differentiated muscles. Cell lineage tracing using Wnt1-Cre;Zsgreenfl/fl mice indicated that all the tendons and mesenchyme embedding the soft palate muscles are neural crest-derived. We propose that the posterior attachment of the soft palate to the pharyngeal wall is an interface between the neural crest- and mesoderm-derived mesenchyme in the craniofacial region, and thus can serve as a potential model for the study of boundaries during development. Taken together, our study provides a comprehensive view of the development and morphology of the murine soft palate and serves as a reference for further molecular analyses.
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