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Garcias-Bonet N, Roik A, Tierney B, García FC, Villela HDM, Dungan AM, Quigley KM, Sweet M, Berg G, Gram L, Bourne DG, Ushijima B, Sogin M, Hoj L, Duarte G, Hirt H, Smalla K, Rosado AS, Carvalho S, Thurber RV, Ziegler M, Mason CE, van Oppen MJH, Voolstra CR, Peixoto RS. Horizon scanning the application of probiotics for wildlife. Trends Microbiol 2024; 32:252-269. [PMID: 37758552 DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2023.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
The provision of probiotics benefits the health of a wide range of organisms, from humans to animals and plants. Probiotics can enhance stress resilience of endangered organisms, many of which are critically threatened by anthropogenic impacts. The use of so-called 'probiotics for wildlife' is a nascent application, and the field needs to reflect on standards for its development, testing, validation, risk assessment, and deployment. Here, we identify the main challenges of this emerging intervention and provide a roadmap to validate the effectiveness of wildlife probiotics. We cover the essential use of inert negative controls in trials and the investigation of the probiotic mechanisms of action. We also suggest alternative microbial therapies that could be tested in parallel with the probiotic application. Our recommendations align approaches used for humans, aquaculture, and plants to the emerging concept and use of probiotics for wildlife.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neus Garcias-Bonet
- Red Sea Research Center (RSRC), Division of Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anna Roik
- Helmholtz Institute for Functional Marine Biodiversity (HIFMB), Oldenburg, Germany; Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research (AWI), Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Braden Tierney
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Francisca C García
- Red Sea Research Center (RSRC), Division of Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Helena D M Villela
- Red Sea Research Center (RSRC), Division of Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ashley M Dungan
- School of Biosciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Kate M Quigley
- Minderoo Foundation, Perth, WA, Australia; James Cook University, Townsville, Australia
| | - Michael Sweet
- Aquatic Research Facility, Nature-based Solutions Research Centre, University of Derby, Derby, UK
| | - Gabriele Berg
- Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria; University of Potsdam and Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Bioeconomy (ATB), Potsdam, Germany
| | - Lone Gram
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs., Lyngby, Denmark
| | - David G Bourne
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia; Australian Institute of Marine Science, PMB 3, Townsville MC, Townsville, QLD 4810, Australia
| | - Blake Ushijima
- Department of Biology and Marine Biology, University of North Carolina Wilmington, Wilmington, NC, USA
| | - Maggie Sogin
- Molecular Cell Biology, University of California, Merced, CA, USA
| | - Lone Hoj
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, PMB 3, Townsville MC, Townsville, QLD 4810, Australia
| | - Gustavo Duarte
- Red Sea Research Center (RSRC), Division of Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia; IMPG, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Heribert Hirt
- Center for Desert Agriculture (CDA), Division of Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Alexandre S Rosado
- Red Sea Research Center (RSRC), Division of Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia; Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), Division of Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Susana Carvalho
- Red Sea Research Center (RSRC), Division of Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Maren Ziegler
- Department of Animal Ecology and Systematics, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Christopher E Mason
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA; WorldQuant Initiative on Quantitative Prediction, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Madeleine J H van Oppen
- School of Biosciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Australian Institute of Marine Science, PMB 3, Townsville MC, Townsville, QLD 4810, Australia
| | | | - Raquel S Peixoto
- Red Sea Research Center (RSRC), Division of Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia; Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), Division of Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia.
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Connors BM, Thompson J, Ertmer S, Clark RL, Pfleger BF, Venturelli OS. Control points for design of taxonomic composition in synthetic human gut communities. Cell Syst 2023; 14:1044-1058.e13. [PMID: 38091992 PMCID: PMC10752370 DOI: 10.1016/j.cels.2023.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Microbial communities offer vast potential across numerous sectors but remain challenging to systematically control. We develop a two-stage approach to guide the taxonomic composition of synthetic microbiomes by precisely manipulating media components and initial species abundances. By combining high-throughput experiments and computational modeling, we demonstrate the ability to predict and design the diversity of a 10-member synthetic human gut community. We reveal that critical environmental factors governing monoculture growth can be leveraged to steer microbial communities to desired states. Furthermore, systematically varied initial abundances drive variation in community assembly and enable inference of pairwise inter-species interactions via a dynamic ecological model. These interactions are overall consistent with conditioned media experiments, demonstrating that specific perturbations to a high-richness community can provide rich information for building dynamic ecological models. This model is subsequently used to design low-richness communities that display low or high temporal taxonomic variability over an extended period. A record of this paper's transparent peer review process is included in the supplemental information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryce M Connors
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Jaron Thompson
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Sarah Ertmer
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Ryan L Clark
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Brian F Pfleger
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Ophelia S Venturelli
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
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3
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Emmenegger B, Massoni J, Pestalozzi CM, Bortfeld-Miller M, Maier BA, Vorholt JA. Identifying microbiota community patterns important for plant protection using synthetic communities and machine learning. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7983. [PMID: 38042924 PMCID: PMC10693592 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43793-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant-associated microbiomes contribute to important ecosystem functions such as host resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses. The factors that determine such community outcomes are inherently difficult to identify under complex environmental conditions. In this study, we present an experimental and analytical approach to explore microbiota properties relevant for a microbiota-conferred host phenotype, here plant protection, in a reductionist system. We screened 136 randomly assembled synthetic communities (SynComs) of five bacterial strains each, followed by classification and regression analyses as well as empirical validation to test potential explanatory factors of community structure and composition, including evenness, total commensal colonization, phylogenetic diversity, and strain identity. We find strain identity to be the most important predictor of pathogen reduction, with machine learning algorithms improving performances compared to random classifications (94-100% versus 32% recall) and non-modelled predictions (0.79-1.06 versus 1.5 RMSE). Further experimental validation confirms three strains as the main drivers of pathogen reduction and two additional strains that confer protection in combination. Beyond the specific application presented in our study, we provide a framework that can be adapted to help determine features relevant for microbiota function in other biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Julien Massoni
- Institute of Microbiology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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Mousavinasab F, Karimi R, Taheri S, Ahmadvand F, Sanaaee S, Najafi S, Halvaii MS, Haghgoo A, Zamany M, Majidpoor J, Khosravifar M, Baniasadi M, Talebi M, Movafagh A, Aghaei-Zarch SM, Khorram N, Farnia P, Kalhor K. Microbiome modulation in inflammatory diseases: Progress to microbiome genetic engineering. Cancer Cell Int 2023; 23:271. [PMID: 37951913 PMCID: PMC10640760 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-023-03095-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent developments in sequencing technology and analytical approaches have allowed researchers to show that the healthy gut microbiome is very varied and capable of performing a wide range of tasks. The importance of gut microbiota in controlling immunological, neurological, and endocrine function is becoming well-recognized. Thereby, numerous inflammatory diseases, including those that impact the gastrointestinal system, as well as less obvious ones, including Rheumatoid arthritis (RA), cancer, gestational diabetes (GD), type 1 diabetes (T1D), and type 2 diabetes (T2D), have been linked to dysbiotic gut microbiota. Microbiome engineering is a rapidly evolving frontier for solutions to improve human health. Microbiome engineering seeks to improve the function of an ecosystem by manipulating the composition of microbes. Thereby, generating potential therapies against metabolic, inflammatory, and immunological diseases will be possible through microbiome engineering. This essay first provides an overview of the traditional technological instruments that might be used for microbiome engineering, such as Fecal Microbiota Transplantation (FMT), prebiotics, and probiotics. Moreover, we will also discuss experimental genetic methods such as Metagenomic Alteration of Gut microbiome by In situ Conjugation (MAGIC), Bacteriophage, and Conjugative plasmids in manipulating intestinal microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ronika Karimi
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sima Taheri
- Department of Microbiology, Shahr Qods Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Saameh Sanaaee
- Department of New Science, Faculty of Cellular and Molecular biology, Tehran Medical Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sajad Najafi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Alireza Haghgoo
- Department of Microbiology and Microbial Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marzieh Zamany
- Shahid Akbarabadi Clinical Research Development Unit, Iran University of medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jamal Majidpoor
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Infectious Disease Research Center, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran
| | - Mina Khosravifar
- Institute of Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Mohammad Baniasadi
- Department of Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, Bam University of Medical Sciences, Bam, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Talebi
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Abolfazl Movafagh
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Seyed Mohsen Aghaei-Zarch
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Nastaran Khorram
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Poopak Farnia
- Mycobacteriology Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Kambiz Kalhor
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, USA
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Klinsawat W, Uthaipaisanwong P, Jenjaroenpun P, Sripiboon S, Wongsurawat T, Kusonmano K. Microbiome variations among age classes and diets of captive Asian elephants (Elephas maximus) in Thailand using full-length 16S rRNA nanopore sequencing. Sci Rep 2023; 13:17685. [PMID: 37848699 PMCID: PMC10582034 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-44981-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Asian elephant (Elephas maximus) is the national symbol of Thailand and linked to Thai history and culture for centuries. The elephant welfare improvement is one of the major components to achieve sustainable captive management. Microbiome inhabiting digestive tracts have been shown with symbiotic relations to host health. This work provided high-resolution microbiome profiles of 32 captive elephants at a species level by utilizing full-length 16S rRNA gene nanopore sequencing. Eleven common uncultured bacterial species were found across elephants fed with solid food including uncultured bacterium Rikenellaceae RC9 gut group, Kiritimatiellae WCHB1-41, Phascolarctobacterium, Oscillospiraceae NK4A214 group, Christensenellaceae R-7 group, Oribacterium, Oscillospirales UCG-010, Lachnospiraceae, Bacteroidales F082, uncultured rumen Rikenellaceae RC9 gut group, and Lachnospiraceae AC2044 group. We observed microbiome shifts along the age classes of baby (0-2 years), juvenile (2-10 years), and adult (> 10 years). Interestingly, we found distinct microbiome profiles among adult elephants fed with a local palm, Caryota urens, as a supplement. Potential beneficial microbes have been revealed according to the age classes and feed diets. The retrieved microbiome data could be provided as good baseline microbial profiles for monitoring elephant health, suggesting further studies towards dietary selection suitable for each age class and the use of local supplementary diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Worata Klinsawat
- Conservation Ecology Program, School of Bioresources and Technology, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Pichahpuk Uthaipaisanwong
- Systems Biology and Bioinformatics Research Group, Pilot Plant Development and Training Institute, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Piroon Jenjaroenpun
- Division of Medical Bioinformatics, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Supaphen Sripiboon
- Department of Large Animal and Wildlife Clinical Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Kamphaeng Saen Campus, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Thidathip Wongsurawat
- Division of Medical Bioinformatics, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
| | - Kanthida Kusonmano
- Systems Biology and Bioinformatics Research Group, Pilot Plant Development and Training Institute, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, Thailand.
- Bioinformatics and Systems Biology Program, Schools of Bioresources and Technology, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, Thailand.
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Ma M, Zhuang Y, Chang L, Xiao L, Lin Q, Qiu Q, Chen D, Egan S, Wang G. Naturally occurring beneficial bacteria Vibrio alginolyticus X-2 protects seaweed from bleaching disease. mBio 2023; 14:e0006523. [PMID: 37310733 PMCID: PMC10470739 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.00065-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Microbiome manipulation is gaining fresh attention as a way to mitigate diseases in aquaculture. The commercially farmed seaweed Saccharina japonica suffers from a bacterial-induced bleaching disease, which has major implications for the reliable supply of healthy sporelings. Here, we identify a beneficial bacterium, Vibrio alginolyticus X-2 that significantly reduces the risk of bleaching disease. By combining infection assays and multi-omic analyses, we provide evidence to suggest that the underlying protective mechanisms of V. alginolyticus X-2 involve maintaining epibacterial communities, increasing the gene expression of S. japonica related to immune and stress protection pathways, and stimulating betaine concentrations in S. japonica holobionts. Thus, V. alginolyticus X-2 can elicit a suite of microbial and host responses to mitigate the bleaching disease. Our study provides insights into disease control in farmed S. japonica through the application of beneficial bacteria. IMPORTANCE Beneficial bacteria can elicit a suite of microbial and host responses to enhance the resistance to bleaching disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyu Ma
- College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
- Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Yingrui Zhuang
- College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
- Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Lirong Chang
- Weihai Changqing Ocean Science & Technology Co., Ltd, Rongcheng, China
| | - Luyang Xiao
- Weihai Changqing Ocean Science & Technology Co., Ltd, Rongcheng, China
| | - Qin Lin
- Fujian Lianjiang Guanwu Seafood Developing Product Co., Ltd, Guanwu, China
| | - Qiying Qiu
- Fujian Lianjiang Guanwu Seafood Developing Product Co., Ltd, Guanwu, China
| | - Defu Chen
- Fujian Lianjiang Guanwu Seafood Developing Product Co., Ltd, Guanwu, China
| | - Suhelen Egan
- Centre for Marine Science and Innovation & School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Gaoge Wang
- College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
- Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
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7
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Fuller E, Germaine KJ, Rathore DS. The Good, the Bad, and the Useable Microbes within the Common Alder ( Alnus glutinosa) Microbiome-Potential Bio-Agents to Combat Alder Dieback. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2187. [PMID: 37764031 PMCID: PMC10535473 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11092187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Common Alder (Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn.) is a tree species native to Ireland and Europe with high economic and ecological importance. The presence of Alder has many benefits including the ability to adapt to multiple climate types, as well as aiding in ecosystem restoration due to its colonization capabilities within disturbed soils. However, Alder is susceptible to infection of the root rot pathogen Phytophthora alni, amongst other pathogens associated with this tree species. P. alni has become an issue within the forestry sector as it continues to spread across Europe, infecting Alder plantations, thus affecting their growth and survival and altering ecosystem dynamics. Beneficial microbiota and biocontrol agents play a crucial role in maintaining the health and resilience of plants. Studies have shown that beneficial microbes promote plant growth as well as aid in the protection against pathogens and abiotic stress. Understanding the interactions between A. glutinosa and its microbiota, both beneficial and pathogenic, is essential for developing integrated management strategies to mitigate the impact of P. alni and maintain the health of Alder trees. This review is focused on collating the relevant literature associated with Alder, current threats to the species, what is known about its microbial composition, and Common Alder-microbe interactions that have been observed worldwide to date. It also summarizes the beneficial fungi, bacteria, and biocontrol agents, underpinning genetic mechanisms and secondary metabolites identified within the forestry sector in relation to the Alder tree species. In addition, biocontrol mechanisms and microbiome-assisted breeding as well as gaps within research that require further attention are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Fuller
- EnviroCore, Dargan Research Centre, Department of Applied Science, South East Technological University, Kilkenny Road, R93 V960 Carlow, Ireland; (E.F.); (K.J.G.)
- Teagasc, Forestry Development Department, Oak Park Research Centre, R93 XE12 Carlow, Ireland
| | - Kieran J. Germaine
- EnviroCore, Dargan Research Centre, Department of Applied Science, South East Technological University, Kilkenny Road, R93 V960 Carlow, Ireland; (E.F.); (K.J.G.)
| | - Dheeraj Singh Rathore
- Teagasc, Forestry Development Department, Oak Park Research Centre, R93 XE12 Carlow, Ireland
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Dos Santos MSN, Ody LP, Kerber BD, Araujo BA, Oro CED, Wancura JHC, Mazutti MA, Zabot GL, Tres MV. New frontiers of soil fungal microbiome and its application for biotechnology in agriculture. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 39:287. [PMID: 37632593 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-023-03728-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023]
Abstract
The fungi-based technology provided encouraging scenarios in the transition from a conventionally based economic system to the potential security of sources closely associated with the agricultural sphere such as the agriculture. In recent years, the intensification of fungi-based processes has generated significant gains, additionally to the production of materials with significant benefits and strong environmental importance. Furthermore, the growing concern for human health, especially in the agriculture scenario, has fostered the investigation of organisms with high biological and beneficial potential for use in agricultural systems. Accordingly, this study offered a comprehensive review of the diversity of the soil fungal microbiome and its main applications in a biotechnological approach aimed at agriculture and food chain-related areas. Moreover, the spectrum of opportunities and the extensive optimization platform for obtaining fungi compounds and metabolites are discussed. Finally, future perspectives regarding the insurgency of innovations and challenges on the broad rise of visionary solutions applied to the biotechnology context are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maicon S N Dos Santos
- Laboratory of Agroindustrial Processes Engineering (LAPE), Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM),, 1040, Sete de Setembro St., Center DC, Cachoeira do Sul, RS 96508-010, Brazil
| | - Lissara P Ody
- Laboratory of Agroindustrial Processes Engineering (LAPE), Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM),, 1040, Sete de Setembro St., Center DC, Cachoeira do Sul, RS 96508-010, Brazil
| | - Bruno D Kerber
- Laboratory of Agroindustrial Processes Engineering (LAPE), Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM),, 1040, Sete de Setembro St., Center DC, Cachoeira do Sul, RS 96508-010, Brazil
| | - Beatriz A Araujo
- Laboratory of Agroindustrial Processes Engineering (LAPE), Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM),, 1040, Sete de Setembro St., Center DC, Cachoeira do Sul, RS 96508-010, Brazil
| | - Carolina E D Oro
- Department of Food Engineering, Integrated Regional University of Alto Uruguay and Missions, 1621, Sete de Setembro Av., Fátima, Erechim, RS 99709-910, Brazil
| | - João H C Wancura
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), 1000, Roraima Av., Camobi, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Marcio A Mazutti
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), 1000, Roraima Av., Camobi, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Giovani L Zabot
- Laboratory of Agroindustrial Processes Engineering (LAPE), Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM),, 1040, Sete de Setembro St., Center DC, Cachoeira do Sul, RS 96508-010, Brazil
| | - Marcus V Tres
- Laboratory of Agroindustrial Processes Engineering (LAPE), Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM),, 1040, Sete de Setembro St., Center DC, Cachoeira do Sul, RS 96508-010, Brazil.
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9
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Doering T, Tandon K, Topa SH, Pidot SJ, Blackall LL, van Oppen MJH. Genomic exploration of coral-associated bacteria: identifying probiotic candidates to increase coral bleaching resilience in Galaxea fascicularis. MICROBIOME 2023; 11:185. [PMID: 37596630 PMCID: PMC10439622 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-023-01622-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reef-building corals are acutely threatened by ocean warming, calling for active interventions to reduce coral bleaching and mortality. Corals associate with a wide diversity of bacteria which can influence coral health, but knowledge of specific functions that may be beneficial for corals under thermal stress is scant. Under the oxidative stress theory of coral bleaching, bacteria that scavenge reactive oxygen (ROS) or nitrogen species (RNS) are expected to enhance coral thermal resilience. Further, bacterial carbon export might substitute the carbon supply from algal photosymbionts, enhance thermal resilience and facilitate bleaching recovery. To identify probiotic bacterial candidates, we sequenced the genomes of 82 pure-cultured bacteria that were isolated from the emerging coral model Galaxea fascicularis. RESULTS Genomic analyses showed bacterial isolates were affiliated with 37 genera. Isolates such as Ruegeria, Muricauda and Roseovarius were found to encode genes for the synthesis of the antioxidants mannitol, glutathione, dimethylsulfide, dimethylsulfoniopropionate, zeaxanthin and/or β-carotene. Genes involved in RNS-scavenging were found in many G. fascicularis-associated bacteria, which represents a novel finding for several genera (including Pseudophaeobacter). Transporters that are suggested to export carbon (semiSWEET) were detected in seven isolates, including Pseudovibrio and Roseibium. Further, a range of bacterial strains, including strains of Roseibium and Roseovarius, revealed genomic features that may enhance colonisation and association of bacteria with the coral host, such as secretion systems and eukaryote-like repeat proteins. CONCLUSIONS Our work provides an in-depth genomic analysis of the functional potential of G. fascicularis-associated bacteria and identifies novel combinations of traits that may enhance the coral's ability to withstand coral bleaching. Identifying and characterising bacteria that are beneficial for corals is critical for the development of effective probiotics that boost coral climate resilience. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talisa Doering
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC Australia
| | - Kshitij Tandon
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC Australia
| | - Sanjida H. Topa
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC Australia
| | - Sacha J. Pidot
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC Australia
| | - Linda L. Blackall
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC Australia
| | - Madeleine J. H. van Oppen
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC Australia
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, QLD Australia
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10
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Kong LW, Shi W, Tian XJ, Lai YC. Effects of growth feedback on gene circuits: A dynamical understanding. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.06.06.543915. [PMID: 37333159 PMCID: PMC10274713 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.06.543915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
The successful integration of engineered gene circuits into host cells remains a significant challenge in synthetic biology due to circuit-host interactions, such as growth feedback, where the circuit influences cell growth and vice versa. Understanding the dynamics of circuit failures and identifying topologies resilient to growth feedback are crucial for both fundamental and applied research. Utilizing transcriptional regulation circuits with adaptation as a paradigm, we systematically study 435 distinct topological structures and uncover six categories of failures. Three dynamical mechanisms of circuit failures are identified: continuous deformation of the response curve, strengthened or induced oscillations, and sudden switching to coexisting attractors. Our extensive computations also uncover a scaling law between a circuit robustness measure and the strength of growth feedback. Despite the negative effects of growth feedback on the majority of circuit topologies, we identify a few circuits that maintain optimal performance as designed, a feature important for applications.
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11
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Williams KL, Enslow R, Suresh S, Beaton C, Hodge M, Brooks AE. Using the Microbiome as a Regenerative Medicine Strategy for Autoimmune Diseases. Biomedicines 2023; 11:1582. [PMID: 37371676 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11061582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune (AI) diseases, which present in a multitude of systemic manifestations, have been connected to many underlying factors. These factors include the environment, genetics, individual microbiomes, and diet. An individual's gut microbiota is an integral aspect of human functioning, as it is intimately integrated into the metabolic, mechanical, immunological, and neurologic pathways of the body. The microbiota dynamically changes throughout our lifetimes and is individually unique. While the gut microbiome is ever-adaptive, gut dysbiosis can exert a significant influence on physical and mental health. Gut dysbiosis is a common factor in various AI, and diets with elevated fat and sugar content have been linked to gut microbiome alterations, contributing to increased systemic inflammation. Additionally, multiple AI's have increased levels of certain inflammatory markers such as TNF-a, IL-6, and IL-17 that have been shown to contribute to arthropathy and are also linked to increased levels of gut dysbiosis. While chronic inflammation has been shown to affect many physiologic systems, this review explores the connection between gut microbiota, bone metabolism, and the skeletal and joint destruction associated with various AI, including psoriatic arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, irritable bowel disease, and rheumatoid arthritis. This review aims to define the mechanisms of microbiome crosstalk between the cells of bone and cartilage, as well as to investigate the potential bidirectional connections between AI, bony and cartilaginous tissue, and the gut microbiome. By doing this, the review also introduces the concept of altering an individual's specific gut microbiota as a form of regenerative medicine and potential tailored therapy for joint destruction seen in AI. We hope to show multiple, specific ways to target the microbiome through diet changes, rebalancing microbial diversity, or decreasing specific microbes associated with increased gut permeability, leading to reduced systemic inflammation contributing to joint pathology. Additionally, we plan to show that diet alterations can promote beneficial changes in the gut microbiota, supporting the body's own endogenous processes to decrease inflammation and increase healing. This concept of microbial alteration falls under the definition of regenerative medicine and should be included accordingly. By implementing microbial alterations in regenerative medicine, this current study could lend increasing support to the current research on the associations of the gut microbiota, bone metabolism, and AI-related musculoskeletal pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlin L Williams
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Rocky Vista University, Parker, CO 80112, USA
| | - Ryan Enslow
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Rocky Vista University, Ivins, UT 84738, USA
| | - Shreyas Suresh
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Rocky Vista University, Ivins, UT 84738, USA
| | - Camille Beaton
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Rocky Vista University, Parker, CO 80112, USA
| | - Mitchell Hodge
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Rocky Vista University, Parker, CO 80112, USA
| | - Amanda E Brooks
- Department of Research and Scholarly Activity, Rocky Vista University, Ivins, UT 84738, USA
- Department of Research and Scholarly Activity, Rocky Vista University, Parker, CO 80112, USA
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12
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Lee MD, Pedroso AA, Lumpkins B, Cho Y, Maurer JJ. Pioneer colonizers: Bacteria that alter the chicken intestinal morphology and development of the microbiota. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1139321. [PMID: 37064908 PMCID: PMC10090334 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1139321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Microbes commonly administered to chickens facilitate development of a beneficial microbiome that improves gut function, feed conversion and reduces pathogen colonization. Competitive exclusion products, derived from the cecal contents of hens and shown to reduce Salmonella colonization in chicks, possess important pioneer-colonizing bacteria needed for proper intestinal development and animal growth. We hypothesized that inoculation of these pioneer-colonizing bacteria to day of hatch chicks would enhance the development of their intestinal anatomy and microbiome. A competitive exclusion product was administered to broiler chickens, in their drinking water, at day of hatch, and its impact on intestinal morphometrics, intestinal microbiome, and production parameters, was assessed relative to a control, no treatment group. 16S rRNA gene, terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) was used to assess ileal community composition. The competitive exclusion product, administered on day of hatch, increased villus height, villus height/width ratio and goblet cell production ∼1.25-fold and expression of enterocyte sugar transporters 1.25 to 1.5-fold in chickens at 3 days of age, compared to the control group. As a next step, chicks were inoculated with a defined formulation, containing Bacteroidia and Clostridia representing pioneer-colonizing bacteria of the two major bacterial phyla present in the competitive exclusion product. The defined formulation, containing both groups of bacteria, were shown, dependent on age, to improve villus height (jejunum: 1.14 to 1.46-fold; ileum: 1.17-fold), goblet cell numbers (ileum 1.32 to 2.51-fold), and feed efficiency (1.18-fold, day 1) while decreasing Lactobacillus ileal abundance by one-third to half in birds at 16 and 42 days of age, respectively; compared to the phosphate buffered saline treatment group. Therefore, specific probiotic formulations containing pioneer colonizing species can provide benefits in intestinal development, feed efficiency and body weight gain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margie D. Lee
- Virginia Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
- Poultry Diagnostic and Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
- *Correspondence: Margie D. Lee,
| | - Adriana A. Pedroso
- Poultry Diagnostic and Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Brett Lumpkins
- Department of Poultry Science, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Youngjae Cho
- Poultry Diagnostic and Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - John J. Maurer
- Poultry Diagnostic and Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
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13
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Yang S, Liu H, Xie P, Wen T, Shen Q, Yuan J. Emerging Pathways for Engineering the Rhizosphere Microbiome for Optimal Plant Health. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:4441-4449. [PMID: 36890647 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c08758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The increasing impacts of global climate change on crop performance pose a significant threat to global food security. The rhizosphere microbiomes intimately interact with the plant and can largely facilitate plants in growth promotion and stress resistance via multiple mechanisms. This review focuses on approaches for harnessing the rhizosphere microbiomes to produce beneficial effects toward enhanced crop productivity, including the use of organic and inorganic amendments, and microbial inoculants. Emerging methods, such as the utilization of synthetic microbial consortia, host-mediated microbiome engineering, prebiotics made from specific plant root exudates, and crop breeding to promote beneficial plant-microbiome interactions, are highlighted. Updating our knowledge in this field is critical for understanding and improving plant-microbiome interactions, thereby enhancing plant adaptiveness to changing environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengdie Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Wastes, Educational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource-Saving Fertilizers, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Hongwei Liu
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2753, Australia
| | - Penghao Xie
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Wastes, Educational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource-Saving Fertilizers, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Tao Wen
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Wastes, Educational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource-Saving Fertilizers, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Qirong Shen
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Wastes, Educational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource-Saving Fertilizers, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jun Yuan
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Wastes, Educational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource-Saving Fertilizers, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
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14
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Gorrens E, Lecocq A, De Smet J. The Use of Probiotics during Rearing of Hermetia illucens: Potential, Caveats, and Knowledge Gaps. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11020245. [PMID: 36838211 PMCID: PMC9960648 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11020245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Given the novelty of the industrial production of the edible insects sector, research has primarily focused on the zootechnical performances of black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) in response to different substrates and rearing conditions as a basis to optimize yield and quality. However recently, research has started to focus more on the associated microbes in the larval digestive system and their substrates and the effect of manipulating the composition of these communities on insect performance as a form of microbiome engineering. Here we present an overview of the existing literature on the use of microorganisms during rearing of the BSFL to optimize the productivity of this insect. These studies have had variable outcomes and potential explanations for this variation are offered to inspire future research that might lead to a better success rate for microbiome engineering in BSFL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Gorrens
- Research Group for Insect Production and Processing, Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems (M²S), KU Leuven, 2440 Geel, Belgium
| | - Antoine Lecocq
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1871 Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Jeroen De Smet
- Research Group for Insect Production and Processing, Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems (M²S), KU Leuven, 2440 Geel, Belgium
- Correspondence:
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15
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Rai S, Omar AF, Rehan M, Al-Turki A, Sagar A, Ilyas N, Sayyed RZ, Hasanuzzaman M. Crop microbiome: their role and advances in molecular and omic techniques for the sustenance of agriculture. PLANTA 2022; 257:27. [PMID: 36583789 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-022-04052-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
This review is an effort to provide in-depth knowledge of microbe's interaction and its role in crop microbiome using combination of advanced molecular and OMICS technology to translate this information for the sustenance of agriculture. Increasing population, climate change and exhaustive agricultural practices either influenced nutrient inputs of soil or generating biological and physico-chemical deterioration of the soils and affecting the agricultural productivity and agro-ecosystems. Alarming concerns toward food security and crop production claim for renewed attention in microbe-based farming practices. Microbes are omnipresent (soil, water, and air) and their close association with plants would help to accomplish sustainable agriculture goals. In the last few decades, the search for beneficial microbes in crop production, soil fertilization, disease management, and plant growth promotion is the thirst for eco-friendly agriculture. The crop microbiome opens new paths to utilize beneficial microbes and manage pathogenic microbes through integrated advanced biotechnology. The crop microbiome helps plants acquire nutrients, growth, resilience against phytopathogens, and tolerance to abiotic stresses, such as heat, drought, and salinity. Despite the emergent functionality of the crop microbiome as a complicated constituent of the plant fitness, our understanding of how the functionality of microbiome influenced by numerous factors including genotype of host, climatic conditions, mobilization of minerals, soil composition, nutrient availability, interaction between nexus of microbes, and interactions with other external microbiomes is partially understood. However, the structure, composition, dynamics, and functional contribution of such cultured and uncultured crop microbiome are least explored. The advanced biotechnological approaches are efficient tools for acquiring the information required to investigate the microbiome and extract data to develop high yield producing and resistant variety crops. This knowledge fills the fundamental gap between the theoretical concepts and the operational use of these advanced tools in crop microbiome studies. Here, we review (1) structure and composition of crop microbiome, (2) microbiome-mediated role associated with crops fitness, (3) Molecular and -omics techniques for exploration of crop microbiome, and (4) current approaches and future prospectives of crop microbiome and its exploitation for sustainable agriculture. Recent -omic approaches are influential tool for mapping, monitoring, modeling, and management of crops microbiome. Identification of crop microbiome, using system biology and rhizho-engineering, can help to develop future bioformulations for disease management, reclamation of stressed agro-ecosystems, and improved productivity of crops. Nano-system approaches combined with triggering molecules of crop microbiome can help in designing of nano-biofertilizers and nano-biopesticides. This combination has numerous merits over the traditional bioinoculants. They stimulate various defense mechanisms in plants facing stress conditions; provide bioavailability of nutrients in the soil, helps mitigate stress conditions; and enhance chances of crops establishment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shalini Rai
- Department of Biotechnology, SHEPA, Varanasi, India.
| | - Ayman F Omar
- Department of Plant Production and Protection, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, Buraydah, 51452, Saudi Arabia.
- Department of Plant Pathology, Plant Pathology and Biotechnology Laboratory and EPCRS Excellence Center, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh, 33516, Egypt.
| | - Medhat Rehan
- Department of Plant Production and Protection, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, Buraydah, 51452, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Genetics, College of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh, 33516, Egypt
| | - Ahmad Al-Turki
- Department of Plant Production and Protection, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, Buraydah, 51452, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alka Sagar
- Department of Microbiology, MIET, Meerut, India
| | - Noshin Ilyas
- Department of Botany, PMAS Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, 46300, Pakistan
| | - R Z Sayyed
- Asian PGPR Society, Auburn Venture, Auburn, AL, USA.
| | - Mirza Hasanuzzaman
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-E-Bangla Agricultural University (SAU), Sher-E-Bangla Nagar, Dhaka, 1207, Bangladesh
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16
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Chemla Y, Dorfan Y, Yannai A, Meng D, Cao P, Glaven S, Gordon DB, Elbaz J, Voigt CA. Parallel engineering of environmental bacteria and performance over years under jungle-simulated conditions. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0278471. [PMID: 36516154 PMCID: PMC9750038 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0278471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Engineered bacteria could perform many functions in the environment, for example, to remediate pollutants, deliver nutrients to crops or act as in-field biosensors. Model organisms can be unreliable in the field, but selecting an isolate from the thousands that naturally live there and genetically manipulating them to carry the desired function is a slow and uninformed process. Here, we demonstrate the parallel engineering of isolates from environmental samples by using the broad-host-range XPORT conjugation system (Bacillus subtilis mini-ICEBs1) to transfer a genetic payload to many isolates in parallel. Bacillus and Lysinibacillus species were obtained from seven soil and water samples from different locations in Israel. XPORT successfully transferred a genetic function (reporter expression) into 25 of these isolates. They were then screened to identify the best-performing chassis based on the expression level, doubling time, functional stability in soil, and environmentally-relevant traits of its closest annotated reference species, such as the ability to sporulate and temperature tolerance. From this library, we selected Bacillus frigoritolerans A3E1, re-introduced it to soil, and measured function and genetic stability in a contained environment that replicates jungle conditions. After 21 months of storage, the engineered bacteria were viable, could perform their function, and did not accumulate disruptive mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonatan Chemla
- Synthetic Biology Center, Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Yuval Dorfan
- Synthetic Biology Center, Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Adi Yannai
- School of Molecular Cell Biology & Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Science, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Dechuan Meng
- Synthetic Biology Center, Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Paul Cao
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Sarah Glaven
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - D. Benjamin Gordon
- Synthetic Biology Center, Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Johann Elbaz
- School of Molecular Cell Biology & Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Science, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Christopher A. Voigt
- Synthetic Biology Center, Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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17
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Hu H, Wang M, Huang Y, Xu Z, Xu P, Nie Y, Tang H. Guided by the principles of microbiome engineering: Accomplishments and perspectives for environmental use. MLIFE 2022; 1:382-398. [PMID: 38818482 PMCID: PMC10989833 DOI: 10.1002/mlf2.12043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Although the accomplishments of microbiome engineering highlight its significance for the targeted manipulation of microbial communities, knowledge and technical gaps still limit the applications of microbiome engineering in biotechnology, especially for environmental use. Addressing the environmental challenges of refractory pollutants and fluctuating environmental conditions requires an adequate understanding of the theoretical achievements and practical applications of microbiome engineering. Here, we review recent cutting-edge studies on microbiome engineering strategies and their classical applications in bioremediation. Moreover, a framework is summarized for combining both top-down and bottom-up approaches in microbiome engineering toward improved applications. A strategy to engineer microbiomes for environmental use, which avoids the build-up of toxic intermediates that pose a risk to human health, is suggested. We anticipate that the highlighted framework and strategy will be beneficial for engineering microbiomes to address difficult environmental challenges such as degrading multiple refractory pollutants and sustain the performance of engineered microbiomes in situ with indigenous microorganisms under fluctuating conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyang Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, and School of Life Sciences & BiotechnologyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Miaoxiao Wang
- Department of Environmental Systems ScienceETH ZürichZürichSwitzerland
- Department of Environmental MicrobiologyETH ZürichEawagSwitzerland
| | - Yiqun Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, and School of Life Sciences & BiotechnologyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Zhaoyong Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, and School of Life Sciences & BiotechnologyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Ping Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, and School of Life Sciences & BiotechnologyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Yong Nie
- College of EngineeringPeking UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Hongzhi Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, and School of Life Sciences & BiotechnologyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
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18
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Chettri D, Nad S, Konar U, Verma AK. CAZyme from gut microbiome for efficient lignocellulose degradation and biofuel production. FRONTIERS IN CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fceng.2022.1054242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Over-exploitation and energy security concerns of the diminishing fossil fuels is a challenge to the present global economy. Further, the negative impact of greenhouse gases released using conventional fuels has led to the need for searching for alternative biofuel sources with biomass in the form of lignocellulose coming up as among the potent candidates. The entrapped carbon source of the lignocellulose has multiple applications other than biofuel generation under the biorefinery approach. However, the major bottleneck in using lignocellulose for biofuel production is its recalcitrant nature. Carbohydrate Active Enzymes (CAZymes) are enzymes that are employed for the disintegration and consumption of lignocellulose biomass as the carbon source for the production of biofuels and bio-derivatives. However, the cost of enzyme production and their stability and catalytic efficiency under stressed conditions is a concern that hinders large-scale biofuel production and utilization. Search for novel CAZymes with superior activity and stability under industrial condition has become a major research focus in this area considering the fact that the most conventional CAZymes has low commercial viability. The gut of plant-eating herbivores and other organisms is a potential source of CAZyme with high efficiency. The review explores the potential of the gut microbiome of various organisms in the production of an efficient CAZyme system and the challenges in using the biofuels produced through this approach as an alternative to conventional biofuels.
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19
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Hamdan MF, Karlson CKS, Teoh EY, Lau SE, Tan BC. Genome Editing for Sustainable Crop Improvement and Mitigation of Biotic and Abiotic Stresses. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022. [PMID: 36235491 DOI: 10.1007/s44187-022-00009-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Climate change poses a serious threat to global agricultural activity and food production. Plant genome editing technologies have been widely used to develop crop varieties with superior qualities or can tolerate adverse environmental conditions. Unlike conventional breeding techniques (e.g., selective breeding and mutation breeding), modern genome editing tools offer more targeted and specific alterations of the plant genome and could significantly speed up the progress of developing crops with desired traits, such as higher yield and/or stronger resilience to the changing environment. In this review, we discuss the current development and future applications of genome editing technologies in mitigating the impacts of biotic and abiotic stresses on agriculture. We focus specifically on the CRISPR/Cas system, which has been the center of attention in the last few years as a revolutionary genome-editing tool in various species. We also conducted a bibliographic analysis on CRISPR-related papers published from 2012 to 2021 (10 years) to identify trends and potential in the CRISPR/Cas-related plant research. In addition, this review article outlines the current shortcomings and challenges of employing genome editing technologies in agriculture with notes on future prospective. We believe combining conventional and more innovative technologies in agriculture would be the key to optimizing crop improvement beyond the limitations of traditional agricultural practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Fadhli Hamdan
- Centre for Research in Biotechnology for Agriculture, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Chou Khai Soong Karlson
- Centre for Research in Biotechnology for Agriculture, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Ee Yang Teoh
- Centre for Research in Biotechnology for Agriculture, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Su-Ee Lau
- Centre for Research in Biotechnology for Agriculture, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
| | - Boon Chin Tan
- Centre for Research in Biotechnology for Agriculture, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
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20
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Chatterjee G, Negi S, Basu S, Faintuch J, O'Donovan A, Shukla P. Microbiome systems biology advancements for natural well-being. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 838:155915. [PMID: 35568180 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Throughout the years all data from epidemiological, physiological and omics have suggested that the microbial communities play a considerable role in modulating human health. The population of microorganisms residing in the human intestine collectively known as microbiota presents a genetic repertoire that is higher in magnitude than the human genome. They play an essential role in host immunity and neuronal signaling. Rapid enhancement of sequence based screening and development of humanized gnotobiotic model has sparked a great deal of interest among scientists to probe the dynamic interactions of the commensal bacteria. This review focuses on systemic analysis of the gut microbiome to decipher the complexity of the host-microbe intercommunication and gives a special emphasis on the evolution of targeted precision medicine through microbiome engineering. In addition, we have also provided a comprehensive description of how interconnection between metabolism and biochemical reactions in a specific organism can be obtained from a metabolic network or a flux balance analysis and combining multiple datasets helps in the identification of a particular metabolite. The review highlights how genetic modification of the critical components and programming the resident microflora can be employed for targeted precision medicine. Inspite of the ongoing debate on the utility of gut microbiome we have explored on the probable new therapeutic avenues like FMT (Fecal microbiota transplant) can be utilized. This review also recapitulates integrating human-relevant 3D cellular models coupled with computational models and the metadata obtained from interventional and epidemiological studies may decipher the complex interactome of diet-microbiota-disease pathophysiology. In addition, it will also open new avenues for the development of therapeutics derived from microbiome or implementation of personalized nutrition. In addition, the identification of biomarkers can also help towards the development of new diagnostic tools and eventually will lead to strategic management of the disease. Inspite of the ongoing debate on the utility of the gut microbiome we have explored how probable new therapeutic avenues like FMT (Fecal microbiota transplant) can be utilized. This review also summarises integrating human-relevant 3D cellular models coupled with computational models and the metadata obtained from interventional and epidemiological studies may decipher the complex interactome of diet- microbiota-disease pathophysiology. In addition, it will also open new avenues for the development of therapeutics derived from the microbiome or implementation of personalized nutrition. In addition, the identification of biomarkers can also help towards the development of new diagnostic tools and eventually will lead to strategic management of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sangeeta Negi
- NMC Biolab, New Mexico Consortium, Los Alamos, NM, USA; Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87544, USA
| | - Supratim Basu
- NMC Biolab, New Mexico Consortium, Los Alamos, NM, USA
| | - Joel Faintuch
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sao Paulo University Medical School, São Paulo, SP 01246-903, Brazil
| | | | - Pratyoosh Shukla
- Enzyme Technology and Protein Bioinformatics Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India.
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21
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Chitayat Levi L, Rippin I, Ben Tulila M, Galron R, Tuller T. Modulating Gene Expression within a Microbiome Based on Computational Models. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11091301. [PMID: 36138780 PMCID: PMC9495703 DOI: 10.3390/biology11091301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Development of computational biology methodologies has provided comprehensive understanding of the complexity of microbiomes, and the extensive ways in which they influence their environment. This has awakened a new research goal, aiming to not only understand the mechanisms in which microbiomes function, but to actively modulate and engineer them for various purposes. However, current microbiome engineering techniques are usually manually tailored for a specific system and neglect the different interactions between the new genetic information and the bacterial population, turning a blind eye to processes such as horizontal gene transfer, mutations, and other genetic alterations. In this work, we developed a generic computational method to automatically tune the expression of heterologous genes within a microbiome according to given preferences, to allow the functionality of the engineering process to propagate in longer periods of time. This goal was achieved by treating each part of the gene individually and considering long term fitness effects on the environment, providing computational and experimental evidence for this approach. Abstract Recent research in the field of bioinformatics and molecular biology has revealed the immense complexity and uniqueness of microbiomes, while also showcasing the impact of the symbiosis between a microbiome and its host or environment. A core property influencing this process is horizontal gene transfer between members of the bacterial community used to maintain genetic variation. The essential effect of this mechanism is the exposure of genetic information to a wide array of members of the community, creating an additional “layer” of information in the microbiome named the “plasmidome”. From an engineering perspective, introduction of genetic information to an environment must be facilitated into chosen species which will be able to carry out the desired effect instead of competing and inhibiting it. Moreover, this process of information transfer imposes concerns for the biosafety of genetic engineering of microbiomes as exposure of genetic information into unwanted hosts can have unprecedented ecological impacts. Current technologies are usually experimentally developed for a specific host/environment, and only deal with the transformation process itself at best, ignoring the impact of horizontal gene transfer and gene-microbiome interactions that occur over larger periods of time in uncontrolled environments. The goal of this research was to design new microbiome-specific versions of engineered genetic information, providing an additional layer of compatibility to existing engineering techniques. The engineering framework is entirely computational and is agnostic to the selected microbiome or gene by reducing the problem into the following set up: microbiome species can be defined as wanted or unwanted hosts of the modification. Then, every element related to gene expression (e.g., promoters, coding regions, etc.) and regulation is individually examined and engineered by novel algorithms to provide the defined expression preferences. Additionally, the synergistic effect of the combination of engineered gene blocks facilitates robustness to random mutations that might occur over time. This method has been validated using both computational and experimental tools, stemming from the research done in the iGEM 2021 competition, by the TAU group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyam Chitayat Levi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv 997801, Israel
| | - Ido Rippin
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv 997801, Israel
| | - Moran Ben Tulila
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv 997801, Israel
| | - Rotem Galron
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv 997801, Israel
| | - Tamir Tuller
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv 997801, Israel
- The Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv 997801, Israel
- Correspondence:
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22
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Wu-Chuang A, Bates KA, Obregon D, Estrada-Peña A, King KC, Cabezas-Cruz A. Rapid evolution of a novel protective symbiont into keystone taxon in Caenorhabditis elegans microbiota. Sci Rep 2022; 12:14045. [PMID: 35982076 PMCID: PMC9388637 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-18269-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Protective microbes have a major role in shaping host-pathogen interactions, but their relative importance in the structure of the host microbiota remains unclear. Here, we used a network approach to characterize the impact of a novel, experimentally evolved 'protective microbial symbiont' (Enterococcus faecalis) on the structure and predicted function of the natural microbiota of the model organism Caenorhabditis elegans. We used microbial network analysis to identify keystone taxa and describe the hierarchical placement of protective and non-protective symbionts in the microbiota. We found that early colonization with symbionts produce statistically significant changes in the structure of the community. Notably, only the protective E. faecalis became a keystone taxon in the nematode microbiota. Non-protective lineages of the same bacterial species remained comparatively unimportant to the community. Prediction of functional profiles in bacterial communities using PICRUSt2 showed that the presence of highly protective E. faecalis decreased the abundance of ergothioneine (EGT) biosynthesis pathway involved in the synthesis of the antioxidant molecule EGT, a potential public good. These data show that in addition to direct antagonism with virulent pathogens, keystone protective symbionts are linked to modified bacterial community structure and possible reductions in public goods, potentially driving decreased antioxidant defense. We suggest that this response could suppress infection via wholesale microbial community changes to further benefit the host. These findings extend the concept of protective symbionts beyond bodyguards to ecosystem engineers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Wu-Chuang
- Anses, INRAE, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, UMR BIPAR, Laboratoire de Santé Animale, 94700, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Kieran A Bates
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3SZ, UK
| | - Dasiel Obregon
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | | | - Kayla C King
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3SZ, UK.
| | - Alejandro Cabezas-Cruz
- Anses, INRAE, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, UMR BIPAR, Laboratoire de Santé Animale, 94700, Maisons-Alfort, France.
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Çelik I, Keskin E. Revealing the Microbiome of Four Different Thermal Springs in Turkey with Environmental DNA Metabarcoding. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11070998. [PMID: 36101376 PMCID: PMC9311576 DOI: 10.3390/biology11070998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary The physicochemical conditions of thermal springs are one of the most significant barriers for detecting microbial life. According to the findings of various studies, high-throughput DNA sequencing technology can be utilized to perform more precise and detailed microbiome assessments. The main goal of this paper was to determine the microbiome in a thermal spring by metabarcoding environmental DNA obtained from four different sources and revealing how temperature and chemical composition affect the microbiome. This research also aimed to gather information that will aid in determining the best gene region and bioinformatic pipeline. The findings revealed a link between four different thermal springs’ physicochemical parameters and microbial composition and we found various manipulable steps in this study. This research is also first comprehensive thermal spring metabarcoding study conducted in Turkey. Abstract One of the most significant challenges for detecting microbial life in thermal springs by conventional techniques such as culturing is these places’ physicochemical (temperature, heavy metal content, pH, etc.) conditions. Data from several studies suggest that high-throughput DNA sequencing technologies can be used to perform more accurate and detailed microbiome analyses. The primary aim of this paper was to determine the microbiome in the thermal source by metabarcoding environmental DNA isolated from four different sources and reveal the reflection of differences caused by temperature and chemical content on the microbiome. DNA was extracted from water filtered with enclosed filters and using the Illumina high-throughput sequencing platform, V3 and V4 regions of the 16S rRNA gene were sequenced. The results showed a correlation between physicochemical conditions and microorganism composition of four different thermal springs. Springs with extremely high temperature (89–90 °C) were dominated by hyperthermophiles such as Hydrogenobacter and Thermus, while a spring with a high temperature (52 °C) was dominated by thermophiles such as Thermoanaerobaculum and Desulfurispora, and a spring with a low temperature (26 °C) and high salinity was dominated by halophiles and sulfur-oxidizers such as Hydrogenovibrio and Sulfirimonas. With this research, we observed many manipulable steps according to the work of interest. This study sought to obtain data that will help decide the right gene region and choose the optimal bioinformatic pipeline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Işılay Çelik
- Biotechnology Institute, Ankara University, Ankara 06135, Turkey;
- Evolutionary Genetics Laboratory (eGL), Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture, Agricultural Faculty, Ankara University, Ankara 06135, Turkey
| | - Emre Keskin
- Evolutionary Genetics Laboratory (eGL), Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture, Agricultural Faculty, Ankara University, Ankara 06135, Turkey
- Correspondence:
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Ecological firewalls for synthetic biology. iScience 2022; 25:104658. [PMID: 35832885 PMCID: PMC9272386 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been recently suggested that engineered microbial strains could be used to protect ecosystems from undesirable tipping points and biodiversity loss. A major concern in this context is the potential unintended consequences, which are usually addressed in terms of designed genetic constructs aimed at controlling overproliferation. Here we present and discuss an alternative view grounded in the nonlinear attractor dynamics of some ecological network motifs. These ecological firewalls are designed to perform novel functionalities (such as plastic removal) while containment is achieved within the resident community. That could help provide a self-regulating biocontainment. In this way, engineered organisms have a limited spread while—when required—preventing their extinction. The basic synthetic designs and their dynamical behavior are presented, each one inspired in a given ecological class of interaction. Their possible applications are discussed and the broader connection with invasion ecology outlined. Population control of synthetic strains can be achieved by engineering ecological links We introduce ecological firewalls, inspired in four types of ecological interactions Our firewalls are shown to maintain diversity while performing designed functions Ecological firewalls will help to tackle future bioremediation strategies
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Sahu KP, Kumar A, Sakthivel K, Reddy B, Kumar M, Patel A, Sheoran N, Gopalakrishnan S, Prakash G, Rathour R, Gautam RK. Deciphering core phyllomicrobiome assemblage on rice genotypes grown in contrasting agroclimatic zones: implications for phyllomicrobiome engineering against blast disease. ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOME 2022; 17:28. [PMID: 35619157 PMCID: PMC9134649 DOI: 10.1186/s40793-022-00421-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND With its adapted microbial diversity, the phyllosphere contributes microbial metagenome to the plant holobiont and modulates a host of ecological functions. Phyllosphere microbiome (hereafter termed phyllomicrobiome) structure and the consequent ecological functions are vulnerable to a host of biotic (Genotypes) and abiotic factors (Environment) which is further compounded by agronomic transactions. However, the ecological forces driving the phyllomicrobiome assemblage and functions are among the most understudied aspects of plant biology. Despite the reports on the occurrence of diverse prokaryotic phyla such as Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Bacteroides, and Actinobacteria in phyllosphere habitat, the functional characterization leading to their utilization for agricultural sustainability is not yet explored. Currently, the metabarcoding by Next-Generation-Sequencing (mNGS) technique is a widely practised strategy for microbiome investigations. However, the validation of mNGS annotations by culturomics methods is not integrated with the microbiome exploration program. In the present study, we combined the mNGS with culturomics to decipher the core functional phyllomicrobiome of rice genotypes varying for blast disease resistance planted in two agroclimatic zones in India. There is a growing consensus among the various stakeholder of rice farming for an ecofriendly method of disease management. Here, we proposed phyllomicrobiome assisted rice blast management as a novel strategy for rice farming in the future. RESULTS The tropical "Island Zone" displayed marginally more bacterial diversity than that of the temperate 'Mountain Zone' on the phyllosphere. Principal coordinate analysis indicated converging phyllomicrobiome profiles on rice genotypes sharing the same agroclimatic zone. Interestingly, the rice genotype grown in the contrasting zones displayed divergent phyllomicrobiomes suggestive of the role of environment on phyllomicrobiome assembly. The predominance of phyla such as Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Firmicutes was observed in the phyllosphere irrespective of the genotypes and climatic zones. The core-microbiome analysis revealed an association of Acidovorax, Arthrobacter, Bacillus, Clavibacter, Clostridium, Cronobacter, Curtobacterium, Deinococcus, Erwinia, Exiguobacterium, Hymenobacter, Kineococcus, Klebsiella, Methylobacterium, Methylocella, Microbacterium, Nocardioides, Pantoea, Pedobacter, Pseudomonas, Salmonella, Serratia, Sphingomonas and Streptomyces on phyllosphere. The linear discriminant analysis (LDA) effect size (LEfSe) method revealed distinct bacterial genera in blast-resistant and susceptible genotypes, as well as mountain and island climate zones. SparCC based network analysis of phyllomicrobiome showed complex intra-microbial cooperative or competitive interactions on the rice genotypes. The culturomic validation of mNGS data confirmed the occurrence of Acinetobacter, Aureimonas, Curtobacterium, Enterobacter, Exiguobacterium, Microbacterium, Pantoea, Pseudomonas, and Sphingomonas in the phyllosphere. Strikingly, the contrasting agroclimatic zones showed genetically identical bacterial isolates suggestive of vertical microbiome transmission. The core-phyllobacterial communities showed secreted and volatile compound mediated antifungal activity on M. oryzae. Upon phyllobacterization (a term coined for spraying bacterial cells on the phyllosphere), Acinetobacter, Aureimonas, Pantoea, and Pseudomonas conferred immunocompetence against blast disease. Transcriptional analysis revealed activation of defense genes such as OsPR1.1, OsNPR1, OsPDF2.2, OsFMO, OsPAD4, OsCEBiP, and OsCERK1 in phyllobacterized rice seedlings. CONCLUSIONS PCoA indicated the key role of agro-climatic zones to drive phyllomicrobiome assembly on the rice genotypes. The mNGS and culturomic methods showed Acinetobacter, Aureimonas, Curtobacterium, Enterobacter, Exiguobacterium, Microbacterium, Pantoea, Pseudomonas, and Sphingomonas as core phyllomicrobiome of rice. Genetically identical Pantoea intercepted on the phyllosphere from the well-separated agroclimatic zones is suggestive of vertical transmission of phyllomicrobiome. The phyllobacterization showed potential for blast disease suppression by direct antibiosis and defense elicitation. Identification of functional core-bacterial communities on the phyllosphere and their co-occurrence dynamics presents an opportunity to devise novel strategies for rice blast management through phyllomicrobiome reengineering in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuleshwar Prasad Sahu
- Division of Plant Pathology, ICAR - Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - A Kumar
- Division of Plant Pathology, ICAR - Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India.
| | - K Sakthivel
- Division of Field Crop Improvement and Protection, ICAR-Central Island Agricultural Research Institute, Port Blair, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, 744101, India
| | - Bhaskar Reddy
- Division of Plant Pathology, ICAR - Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Mukesh Kumar
- Division of Plant Pathology, ICAR - Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Asharani Patel
- Division of Plant Pathology, ICAR - Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Neelam Sheoran
- Division of Plant Pathology, ICAR - Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | | | - Ganesan Prakash
- Division of Plant Pathology, ICAR - Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Rajeev Rathour
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, CSK Himachal Pradesh Agricultural University, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, 176062, India
| | - R K Gautam
- Division of Field Crop Improvement and Protection, ICAR-Central Island Agricultural Research Institute, Port Blair, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, 744101, India
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Kaviani Rad A, Balasundram SK, Azizi S, Afsharyzad Y, Zarei M, Etesami H, Shamshiri RR. An Overview of Antibiotic Resistance and Abiotic Stresses Affecting Antimicrobial Resistance in Agricultural Soils. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19084666. [PMID: 35457533 PMCID: PMC9025980 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19084666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Excessive use of antibiotics in the healthcare sector and livestock farming has amplified antimicrobial resistance (AMR) as a major environmental threat in recent years. Abiotic stresses, including soil salinity and water pollutants, can affect AMR in soils, which in turn reduces the yield and quality of agricultural products. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of antibiotic resistance and abiotic stresses on antimicrobial resistance in agricultural soils. A systematic review of the peer-reviewed published literature showed that soil contaminants derived from organic and chemical fertilizers, heavy metals, hydrocarbons, and untreated sewage sludge can significantly develop AMR through increasing the abundance of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARBs) in agricultural soils. Among effective technologies developed to minimize AMR’s negative effects, salinity and heat were found to be more influential in lowering ARGs and subsequently AMR. Several strategies to mitigate AMR in agricultural soils and future directions for research on AMR have been discussed, including integrated control of antibiotic usage and primary sources of ARGs. Knowledge of the factors affecting AMR has the potential to develop effective policies and technologies to minimize its adverse impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Kaviani Rad
- Department of Soil Science, School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz 71946-85111, Iran;
| | - Siva K. Balasundram
- Department of Agriculture Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
- Correspondence: (S.K.B.); (M.Z.)
| | - Shohreh Azizi
- UNESCO-UNISA Africa Chair in Nanosciences and Nanotechnology, College of Graduate Studies, University of South Africa, Pretoria 0003, South Africa;
- Nanosciences African Network (NANOAFNET), iThemba LABS-National Research Foundation, Cape Town 7129, South Africa
| | - Yeganeh Afsharyzad
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Modern Sciences, The Islamic Azad University of Tehran Medical Sciences, Tehran 19496-35881, Iran;
| | - Mehdi Zarei
- Department of Soil Science, School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz 71946-85111, Iran;
- Department of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Higher Education Center of Eghlid, Eghlid 73819-43885, Iran
- Correspondence: (S.K.B.); (M.Z.)
| | - Hassan Etesami
- Department of Soil Science, University of Tehran, Tehran 14179-35840, Iran;
| | - Redmond R. Shamshiri
- Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Bioeconomy, 14469 Potsdam-Bornim, Germany;
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Growth promotion and antibiotic induced metabolic shifts in the chicken gut microbiome. Commun Biol 2022; 5:293. [PMID: 35365748 PMCID: PMC8975857 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03239-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial growth promoters (AGP) have played a decisive role in animal agriculture for over half a century. Despite mounting concerns about antimicrobial resistance and demand for antibiotic alternatives, a thorough understanding of how these compounds drive performance is missing. Here we investigate the functional footprint of microbial communities in the cecum of chickens fed four distinct AGP. We find relatively few taxa, metabolic or antimicrobial resistance genes similarly altered across treatments, with those changes often driven by the abundances of core microbiome members. Constraints-based modeling of 25 core bacterial genera associated increased performance with fewer metabolite demands for microbial growth, pointing to altered nitrogen utilization as a potential mechanism of narasin, the AGP with the largest performance increase in our study. Untargeted metabolomics of narasin treated birds aligned with model predictions, suggesting that the core cecum microbiome might be targeted for enhanced performance via its contribution to host-microbiota metabolic crosstalk. This study compares the functional profiles of the cecal microbiome among chickens fed four different antimicrobial growth promoters. Chickens receiving narasin exhibited the largest performance increase via apparent nitrogen recycling by the core cecal microbiome.
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de Lorenzo V. 15 years of microbial biotechnology: the time has come to think big-and act soon. Microb Biotechnol 2022; 15:240-246. [PMID: 34932877 PMCID: PMC8719810 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.13993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Our epoch is largely characterized by the growing realization and concern about the reality of climate change and environmental deterioration, the surge of global pandemics, the unacceptable inequalities between developed and underdeveloped countries and their unavoidable translation into messy immigration, overpopulation and food crises. While all of these issues have a fundamentally political core, they are not altogether removed from the fact that Earth is primarily a microbial planet and microorganisms are the key agents that make the biosphere (including ourselves) function as it does. It thus makes sense that we bring the microbial world-that is the environmental microbiome-to the necessary multi-tiered conversation (hopefully followed by action) on how to avoid future threats and how to make our globe a habitable common house. Beyond discussion on governance, such a dialogue has technical and scientific aspects that only frontline microbial biotechnology can help to tackle. Fortunately, the field has witnessed the onset of new conceptual and material tools that were missing when the journal started.
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29
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The Threat of Pests and Pathogens and the Potential for Biological Control in Forest Ecosystems. FORESTS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/f12111579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Forests are an essential component of the natural environment, as they support biodiversity, sequester carbon, and play a crucial role in biogeochemical cycles—in addition to producing organic matter that is necessary for the function of terrestrial organisms. Forests today are subject to threats ranging from natural occurrences, such as lightning-ignited fires, storms, and some forms of pollution, to those caused by human beings, such as land-use conversion (deforestation or intensive agriculture). In recent years, threats from pests and pathogens, particularly non-native species, have intensified in forests. The damage, decline, and mortality caused by insects, fungi, pathogens, and combinations of pests can lead to sizable ecological, economic, and social losses. To combat forest pests and pathogens, biocontrol may be an effective alternative to chemical pesticides and fertilizers. This review of forest pests and potential adversaries in the natural world highlights microbial inoculants, as well as research efforts to further develop biological control agents against forest pests and pathogens. Recent studies have shown promising results for the application of microbial inoculants as preventive measures. Other studies suggest that these species have potential as fertilizers.
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Lee SI, Choi J, Hong H, Nam JH, Strik B, Davis A, Cho Y, Ha SD, Park SH. Investigation of soil microbiome under the influence of different mulching treatments in northern highbush blueberry. AMB Express 2021; 11:134. [PMID: 34581888 PMCID: PMC8479055 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-021-01294-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial communities on soil are fundamental for the long-term sustainability of agriculture ecosystems. Microbiota in soil would impact the yield and quality of blueberries since microbial communities in soil can interact with the rhizosphere of plant. This study was conducted to determine how different mulching treatments induce changes in soil microbial composition, diversity, and functional properties. A total of 150 soil samples were collected from 5 different mulch treatments (sawdust, green weed mat, sawdust topped with green weed mat, black weed mat, and sawdust topped with black weed mat) at 3 different depths (bottom, middle, and top region of 20 cm soil depth) from 2 different months (June and July 2018). A total of 8,583,839 sequencing reads and 480 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) of bacteria were identified at genus level. Eight different plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) were detected, and the relative abundances of Bradyrhizobium, Bacillus, and Paenibacillus were more than 0.1% among all soil samples. Sampling depth and month of soil samples impacted the amount of PGPR, while there were no significant differences based on mulch type. Functional properties of bacteria were identified through PICRUSt2, which found that there is no significant difference between mulch treatment, depth, and month. The results indicated that sampling month and depth of soil impacted the relative abundance of PGPR in soil samples, but there were no significant differences of functional properties and beneficial microbial communities based on mulch type.
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Meisner A, Wepner B, Kostic T, van Overbeek LS, Bunthof CJ, de Souza RSC, Olivares M, Sanz Y, Lange L, Fischer D, Sessitsch A, Smidt H. Calling for a systems approach in microbiome research and innovation. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2021; 73:171-178. [PMID: 34479027 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2021.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Microbiomes are all around us in natural and cultivated ecosystems, for example, soils, plants, animals and our own body. Microbiomes are essential players of biotechnological applications, and their functions drive human, animal, plant and environmental health. The rapidly developing microbiome research landscape was studied by a global mapping excercise and bibliometric analysis. Although microbiome research is performed in many different science fields, using similar concepts within and across fields, microbiomes are mostly investigated one ecosystem at-a-time. In order to fully understand microbiome impacts and leverage microbial functions, research needs to adopt a systems approach connecting microbiomes and research initiatives in divergent fields to create understanding on how microbiomes can be modulated for desirable functions as a basis of sustainable, circular bioeconomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annelein Meisner
- Wageningen University & Research,Wageningen Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 4, Wageningen, 6708 PB, The Netherlands
| | - Beatrix Wepner
- AIT Austrian Institute of Technology, Center for Innovation Systems & Policy, Giefinggasse 4, Vienna, 1210, Austria
| | - Tanja Kostic
- AIT Austrian Institute of Technology, Center for Health & Bioresources, Bioresources Unit, Konrad Lorenz Strasse 24, Tulln, 3430, Austria
| | - Leo S van Overbeek
- Wageningen University & Research,Wageningen Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 4, Wageningen, 6708 PB, The Netherlands
| | - Christine J Bunthof
- Wageningen University & Research,Wageningen Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 4, Wageningen, 6708 PB, The Netherlands
| | - Rafael Soares Correa de Souza
- Genomics for Climate Change Research Center (GCCRC), Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, 13083-875, Brazil
| | - Marta Olivares
- Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology, National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), Paterna-Valencia, 46980, Spain
| | - Yolanda Sanz
- Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology, National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), Paterna-Valencia, 46980, Spain
| | - Lene Lange
- BioEconomy, Research & Advisory, Karensgade 5, Valby, 2500, Denmark
| | - Doreen Fischer
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, National Research Center for Environmental Health, Research Unit for Comparative Microbiome Analysis, Ingolstaedter Landstr. 1, Neuherberg, Munich, D-85764, Germany
| | - Angela Sessitsch
- AIT Austrian Institute of Technology, Center for Health & Bioresources, Bioresources Unit, Konrad Lorenz Strasse 24, Tulln, 3430, Austria
| | - Hauke Smidt
- Wageningen University & Research, Laboratory of Microbiology, Stippeneng 4, Wageningen, 6708 WE, The Netherlands.
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Maltecca C, Dunn R, He Y, McNulty NP, Schillebeeckx C, Schwab C, Shull C, Fix J, Tiezzi F. Microbial composition differs between production systems and is associated with growth performance and carcass quality in pigs. Anim Microbiome 2021; 3:57. [PMID: 34454609 PMCID: PMC8403435 DOI: 10.1186/s42523-021-00118-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of the microbiome in livestock production has been highlighted in recent research. Currently, little is known about the microbiome's impact across different systems of production in swine, particularly between selection nucleus and commercial populations. In this paper, we investigated fecal microbial composition in nucleus versus commercial systems at different time points. RESULTS We identified microbial OTUs associated with growth and carcass composition in each of the two populations, as well as the subset common to both. The two systems were represented by individuals with sizeable microbial diversity at weaning. At later times microbial composition varied between commercial and nucleus, with species of the genus Lactobacillus more prominent in the nucleus population. In the commercial populations, OTUs of the genera Lactobacillus and Peptococcus were associated with an increase in both growth rate and fatness. In the nucleus population, members of the genus Succinivibrio were negatively correlated with all growth and carcass traits, while OTUs of the genus Roseburia had a positive association with growth parameters. Lactobacillus and Peptococcus OTUs showed consistent effects for fat deposition and daily gain in both nucleus and commercial populations. Similarly, OTUs of the Blautia genus were positively associated with daily gain and fat deposition. In contrast, an increase in the abundance of the Bacteroides genus was negatively associated with growth performance parameters. CONCLUSIONS The current study provides a first characterization of microbial communities' value throughout the pork production systems. It also provides information for incorporating microbial composition into the selection process in the quest for affordable and sustainable protein production in swine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Maltecca
- Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, 120 W Broughton Dr, Raleigh, NC 27607 USA
| | - Rob Dunn
- Department of Applied Ecology, North Carolina State University, 100 Brooks Ave, Raleigh, NC 27607 USA
| | - Yuqing He
- Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, 120 W Broughton Dr, Raleigh, NC 27607 USA
| | | | | | - Clint Schwab
- Acuity Ag Solutions, 7475 State Route 127, Carlyle, IL 62231 USA
| | - Caleb Shull
- The Maschhoffs LLC, 7475 IL-127, Carlyle, IL 62231 USA
| | - Justin Fix
- Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, 120 W Broughton Dr, Raleigh, NC 27607 USA
| | - Francesco Tiezzi
- Acuity Ag Solutions, 7475 State Route 127, Carlyle, IL 62231 USA
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Lessard PA, Li X, Broomhead JN, Parker MH, Bailey C, Raab RM. Properties of corn-expressed carbohydrase AC1 in swine diets and its effects on apparent ileal digestibility, performance, hematology, and serum chemistry. Heliyon 2021; 7:e07696. [PMID: 34401579 PMCID: PMC8350540 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e07696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbohydrases are often incorporated into livestock feed as digestive aids to improve animal performance. AC1 is a thermostable carbohydrase with β-1,4-glucanase, endo-cellulase, and cellobiohydrolase activity. AC1 has been expressed in corn, where it accumulates in the grain for easy inclusion in animal diets. Incorporating the enzyme in high-fiber diets (corn-soy supplemented with distiller's dry grains with solubles) that were fed to 5-week-old pigs led to a trend of decreasing viscosity of the digesta as the dose of the enzyme increased (P = 0.092). AC1 also tended to increase the apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of neutral detergent fiber (P = 0.076). When fed diets containing 2126 U/kg AC1, pigs experienced no adverse effects in terms of performance metrics (body weights, average daily gain, average daily feed intake and gain-to-feed ratio), hematology, blood chemistry or general health when compared to pigs fed a control diet that lacked AC1.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xuemei Li
- Agrivida, Inc., 78E Olympia Avenue, Woburn, MA, USA
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Song C, Jin K, Raaijmakers JM. Designing a home for beneficial plant microbiomes. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 62:102025. [PMID: 33684884 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2021.102025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The plant microbiome comprises a highly diverse community of saprotrophic, mutualistic, and pathogenic microbes that can affect plant growth and plant health. There is substantial interest to exploit beneficial members of plant microbiomes for new sustainable management strategies in crop production. However, poor survival and colonization of plant tissues by introduced microbial isolates as well as lack of expression of the plant growth-promoting or disease-suppressive traits at the right time and place are still major limitations for successful implementation of microbiomes in future agricultural practices and plant breeding programs. Similar to building a home for humans, we discuss different strategies of building a home for beneficial plant microbiomes, here referred to as the 'MicrobiHome'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunxu Song
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China; National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
| | - Kemo Jin
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China; National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
| | - Jos M Raaijmakers
- Department of Microbial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Wageningen, Netherlands; Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
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Kaul S, Choudhary M, Gupta S, Dhar MK. Engineering Host Microbiome for Crop Improvement and Sustainable Agriculture. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:635917. [PMID: 34122359 PMCID: PMC8193672 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.635917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Dynamic consortium of microbial communities (bacteria, fungi, protists, viruses, and nematodes) colonizing multiple tissue types and coevolving conclusively with the host plant is designated as a plant microbiome. The interplay between plant and its microbial mutualists supports several agronomic functions, establishing its crucial role in plant beneficial activities. Deeper functional and mechanistic understanding of plant-microbial ecosystems will render many "ecosystem services" by emulating symbiotic interactions between plants, soil, and microbes for enhanced productivity and sustainability. Therefore, microbiome engineering represents an emerging biotechnological tool to directly add, remove, or modify properties of microbial communities for higher specificity and efficacy. The main goal of microbiome engineering is enhancement of plant functions such as biotic/abiotic stresses, plant fitness and productivities, etc. Various ecological-, biochemical-, and molecular-based approaches have come up as a new paradigm for disentangling many microbiome-based agromanagement hurdles. Furthermore, multidisciplinary approaches provide a predictive framework in achieving a reliable and sustainably engineered plant-microbiome for stress physiology, nutrient recycling, and high-yielding disease-resistant genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjana Kaul
- School of Biotechnology, University of Jammu, Jammu, India
| | | | - Suruchi Gupta
- School of Biotechnology, University of Jammu, Jammu, India
| | - Manoj K Dhar
- School of Biotechnology, University of Jammu, Jammu, India
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Choice of Commercial DNA Extraction Method Does Not Affect 16S Sequencing Outcomes in Cloacal Swabs. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11051372. [PMID: 34065976 PMCID: PMC8151189 DOI: 10.3390/ani11051372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The cloacal anatomy is unique because the fecal, urinary, and reproductive tracts converge into one orifice. Therefore, sampling for microbiome research can be difficult in birds, especially in agricultural production settings where it may not be feasible to sample the intestines, and cloacal swabs are often used. There is a need to evaluate laboratory methods for 16S rRNA sequencing in cloacal swab samples to ensure reproducible and trustworthy downstream results. We compared four DNA extraction methods from two commercially available magnetic-based DNA extraction kits. Mock communities and negative controls were included for each method and subjected to 16S rRNA sequencing. While extraction quality and yield differed between each extraction method, overall sequencing results were not affected, including alpha and beta diversity. Positive and negative controls are an important aspect of microbiome science and our findings lend guidance to future microbiome research in poultry. Abstract As the applications of microbiome science in agriculture expand, laboratory methods should be constantly evaluated to ensure optimization and reliability of downstream results. Most animal microbiome research uses fecal samples or rectal swabs for profiling the gut bacterial community; however, in birds, this is difficult given the unique anatomy of the cloaca where the fecal, urinary, and reproductive tracts converge into one orifice. Therefore, avian gut microbiomes are usually sampled from cloacal swabs, creating a need to evaluate sample preparation methods to optimize 16S sequencing. We compared four different DNA extraction methods from two commercially available kits on cloacal swabs from 10 adult commercial laying hens and included mock communities and negative controls, which were then subjected to 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing. Extracted DNA yield and quality, diversity analyses, and contaminants were assessed. Differences in DNA quality and quantity were observed, and all methods needed further purification for optimal sequencing, suggesting contaminants due to cloacal contents, method reagents, and/or environmental factors. However, no differences were observed in alpha or beta diversity between methods. Importantly, multiple bacterial contaminants were detected in each mock community and negative control, indicating the prevalence of laboratory and handling contamination as well as method-specific reagent contamination. We found that although the extraction methods resulted in different extraction quality and yield, overall sequencing results were not affected, and we did not identify any method that would be an inappropriate choice in extracting DNA from cloacal swabs for 16S rRNA sequencing. Overall, our results highlight the need for careful consideration of positive and negative controls in addition to DNA isolation method and lend guidance to future microbiome research in poultry.
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Satora M, Rząsa A, Rypuła K, Płoneczka-Janeczko K. Model research of the pig’s microbiome based on
“One Health” concept in the light of the shared human
and animal health. POSTEP HIG MED DOSW 2021. [DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0014.8758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The human microbiome in terms of the number of bacteria exceeds the number of cells in the
human body. It is defined as an additional “forgotten organ” and plays a key role in maintaining
a high health status, which is conditioned by the maintenance of certain proportions and
natural relations between bacteria and cells of the host organism. New diagnostic methods
can enable profiling not only the human microbiome, but also livestock. An innovative analytical
method, which is next generation sequencing (NGS), is increasingly used in the study
of the microbiome. Many bacteria are referred to as “uncultivated” or “non-culturable” and metagenomics has played an important role in detecting these bacteria and has contributed
to the development of new media for their cultivation. The main application of NGS in microbiology
is to replace the conventional characterization of pathogens based on the assessment
of morphology, staining properties and metabolic traits with their genome related characteristics.
There are several platforms, i.e. “diagnostic tools”, that use a variety of DNA sequencing
technologies, among others Ion Torrent Personal Genome Machine (PGM), Pacific
Biosciences (PacBio) and Illumina MiSeq. In the case of swine microbiome, studies of the microbiome
with the use of modern sequencing technologies seem to be particularly interesting
in the aspect of the upcoming, inevitable changes in preventive and therapeutic procedures
in animals. Analyses of this type integrate with the concept of the shared human and animal
health and enable an in-depth assessment of the impact of specific factors on the population
of intestinal microbes and learning how to “form” the composition of the microbiome
in order to improve the quality of husbandry and to maintain the pig’s proper health status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Satora
- Zakład Chorób Zakaźnych i Administracji Weterynaryjnej, Katedra Epizootiologii z Kliniką Ptaków i Zwierząt Egzotycznych, Wydział Medycyny Weterynaryjnej, Uniwersytet Przyrodniczy we Wrocławiu
| | - Anna Rząsa
- Zakład Immunologii i Prewencji Weterynaryjnej, Katedra Immunologii, Patofizjologii i Prewencji Weterynaryjnej, Wydział Medycyny Weterynaryjnej, Uniwersytet Przyrodniczy we Wrocławiu
| | - Krzysztof Rypuła
- Zakład Chorób Zakaźnych i Administracji Weterynaryjnej, Katedra Epizootiologii z Kliniką Ptaków i Zwierząt Egzotycznych, Wydział Medycyny Weterynaryjnej, Uniwersytet Przyrodniczy we Wrocławiu
| | - Katarzyna Płoneczka-Janeczko
- Zakład Chorób Zakaźnych i Administracji Weterynaryjnej, Katedra Epizootiologii z Kliniką Ptaków i Zwierząt Egzotycznych, Wydział Medycyny Weterynaryjnej, Uniwersytet Przyrodniczy we Wrocławiu
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38
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Richards K, Malik DJ. Microencapsulation of Bacteriophages Using Membrane Emulsification in Different pH-Triggered Controlled Release Formulations for Oral Administration. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14050424. [PMID: 34063218 PMCID: PMC8147480 DOI: 10.3390/ph14050424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Revised: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
An E.coli-specific phage was encapsulated in three different pH responsive polymer formulations using the process of membrane emulsification. Small 100 µm capsules were fabricated and shown to afford phages suitable acid protection upon exposure to pH 1.5. Selection of polymer formulations allowed controlled release of phages at pH 5.5, pH 6 and pH 7. Other aspects of phage encapsulation including factors affecting encapsulation yield, release kinetics, acid and storage stability were evaluated. The work presented here would be useful for future evaluation of new therapeutic strategies including microbiome editing approaches allowing pH-triggered release of phages and delivery of encapsulated cargo to different intestinal compartments. The size of the capsules were selected to permit ease of delivery using small bore oral gavage tubes typically used in pre-clinical studies for evaluation of drug substances using small animal vertebrate models such as in mice and rats.
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39
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Zhang Y, Yang Q, Ling J, Long L, Huang H, Yin J, Wu M, Tang X, Lin X, Zhang Y, Dong J. Shifting the microbiome of a coral holobiont and improving host physiology by inoculation with a potentially beneficial bacterial consortium. BMC Microbiol 2021; 21:130. [PMID: 33910503 PMCID: PMC8082877 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-021-02167-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The coral microbiome plays a key role in host health by being involved in energy metabolism, nutrient cycling, and immune system formation. Inoculating coral with beneficial bacterial consortia may enhance the ability of this host to cope with complex and changing marine environments. In this study, the coral Pocillopora damicornis was inoculated with a beneficial microorganisms for corals (BMC) consortium to investigate how the coral host and its associated microbial community would respond. Results High-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed no significant differences in bacterial community α-diversity. However, the bacterial community structure differed significantly between the BMC and placebo groups at the end of the experiment. Addition of the BMC consortium significantly increased the relative abundance of potentially beneficial bacteria, including the genera Mameliella and Endozoicomonas. Energy reserves and calcification rates of the coral host were also improved by the addition of the BMC consortium. Co-occurrence network analysis indicated that inoculation of coral with the exogenous BMC consortium improved the physiological status of the host by shifting the coral-associated microbial community structure. Conclusions Manipulating the coral-associated microbial community may enhance the physiology of coral in normal aquarium conditions (no stress applied), which may hypothetically contribute to resilience and resistance in this host. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12866-021-02167-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, China.,Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, 511458, China.,Tropical Marine Biological Research Station in Hainan, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Biotechnology, Sanya, 572000, China.,Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Qingsong Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, China.,Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, 511458, China.,Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Juan Ling
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, China.,Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, 511458, China.,Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, China
| | - Lijuan Long
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, China.,Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, 511458, China.,Tropical Marine Biological Research Station in Hainan, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Biotechnology, Sanya, 572000, China.,Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, China
| | - Hui Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, China.,Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, 511458, China.,Tropical Marine Biological Research Station in Hainan, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Biotechnology, Sanya, 572000, China.,Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, China
| | - Jianping Yin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, China.,Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, 511458, China
| | - Meilin Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, China.,Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, 511458, China
| | - Xiaoyu Tang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiancheng Lin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yanying Zhang
- Ocean school, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, China.
| | - Junde Dong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, China. .,Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, 511458, China. .,Tropical Marine Biological Research Station in Hainan, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Biotechnology, Sanya, 572000, China. .,Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, China.
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Grupstra CGB, Rabbitt KM, Howe-Kerr LI, Correa AMS. Fish predation on corals promotes the dispersal of coral symbionts. Anim Microbiome 2021; 3:25. [PMID: 33752761 PMCID: PMC7986512 DOI: 10.1186/s42523-021-00086-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The microbiomes of foundation (habitat-forming) species such as corals and sponges underpin the biodiversity, productivity, and stability of ecosystems. Consumers shape communities of foundation species through trophic interactions, but the role of consumers in dispersing the microbiomes of such species is rarely examined. For example, stony corals rely on a nutritional symbiosis with single-celled endosymbiotic dinoflagellates (family Symbiodiniaceae) to construct reefs. Most corals acquire Symbiodiniaceae from the environment, but the processes that make Symbiodiniaceae available for uptake are not resolved. Here, we provide the first comprehensive, reef-scale demonstration that predation by diverse coral-eating (corallivorous) fish species promotes the dispersal of Symbiodiniaceae, based on symbiont cell densities and community compositions from the feces of four obligate corallivores, three facultative corallivores, two grazer/detritivores as well as samples of reef sediment and water. RESULTS Obligate corallivore feces are environmental hotspots of Symbiodiniaceae cells: live symbiont cell concentrations in such feces are 5-7 orders of magnitude higher than sediment and water environmental reservoirs. Symbiodiniaceae community compositions in the feces of obligate corallivores are similar to those in two locally abundant coral genera (Pocillopora and Porites), but differ from Symbiodiniaceae communities in the feces of facultative corallivores and grazer/detritivores as well as sediment and water. Combining our data on live Symbiodiniaceae cell densities in feces with in situ observations of fish, we estimate that some obligate corallivorous fish species release over 100 million Symbiodiniaceae cells per 100 m2 of reef per day. Released corallivore feces came in direct contact with coral colonies in the fore reef zone following 91% of observed egestion events, providing a potential mechanism for the transfer of live Symbiodiniaceae cells among coral colonies. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, our findings show that fish predation on corals may support the maintenance of coral cover on reefs in an unexpected way: through the dispersal of beneficial coral symbionts in corallivore feces. Few studies examine the processes that make symbionts available to foundation species, or how environmental reservoirs of such symbionts are replenished. This work sets the stage for parallel studies of consumer-mediated microbiome dispersal and assembly in other sessile, habitat-forming species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carsten G B Grupstra
- BioSciences at Rice, Rice University, 6100 Main St, MS-140, Houston, TX, 77005, USA.
| | - Kristen M Rabbitt
- BioSciences at Rice, Rice University, 6100 Main St, MS-140, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Lauren I Howe-Kerr
- BioSciences at Rice, Rice University, 6100 Main St, MS-140, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Adrienne M S Correa
- BioSciences at Rice, Rice University, 6100 Main St, MS-140, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
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42
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Voigt CA. Synthetic biology 2020-2030: six commercially-available products that are changing our world. Nat Commun 2020; 11:6379. [PMID: 33311504 PMCID: PMC7733420 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-20122-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Synthetic biology will transform how we grow food, what we eat, and where we source materials and medicines. Here I have selected six products that are now on the market, highlighting the underlying technologies and projecting forward to the future that can be expected over the next ten years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher A Voigt
- Synthetic Biology Center, Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Boston, USA.
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43
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Taddese R, Garza DR, Ruiter LN, de Jonge MI, Belzer C, Aalvink S, Nagtegaal ID, Dutilh BE, Boleij A. Growth rate alterations of human colorectal cancer cells by 157 gut bacteria. Gut Microbes 2020; 12:1-20. [PMID: 32915102 PMCID: PMC7524400 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2020.1799733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Several bacteria in the human gut microbiome have been associated with colorectal cancer (CRC) by high-throughput screens. In some cases, molecular mechanisms have been elucidated that drive tumorigenesis, including bacterial membrane proteins or secreted molecules that interact with the human cancer cells. For most gut bacteria, however, it remains unknown if they enhance or inhibit cancer cell growth. Here, we screened bacteria-free supernatants (secretomes) and inactivated cells of over 150 cultured bacterial strains for their effects on cell growth. We observed family-level and strain-level effects that often differed between bacterial cells and secretomes, suggesting that different molecular mechanisms are at play. Secretomes of Bacteroidaceae, Enterobacteriaceae, and Erysipelotrichaceae bacteria enhanced cell growth, while most Fusobacteriaceae cells and secretomes inhibited growth, contrasting prior findings. In some bacteria, the presence of specific functional genes was associated with cell growth rates, including the virulence genes TcdA, TcdB in Clostridiales and FadA in Fusobacteriaceae, which both inhibited growth. Bacteroidaceae cells that enhanced growth were enriched for genes of the cobalamin synthesis pathway, while Fusobacteriaceae cells that inhibit growth were enriched for genes of the ethanolamine utilization pathway. Together, our results reveal how different gut bacteria have wide-ranging effects on cell growth, contribute a better understanding of the effects of the gut microbiome on host cells, and provide a valuable resource for identifying candidate target genes for potential microbiome-based diagnostics and treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahwa Taddese
- Department of Pathology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Daniel R. Garza
- Centre for Molecular and Biomolecular Informatics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Lilian N. Ruiter
- Department of Pathology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Marien I. de Jonge
- Section Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Clara Belzer
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Steven Aalvink
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Iris D. Nagtegaal
- Department of Pathology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Bas E. Dutilh
- Centre for Molecular and Biomolecular Informatics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands,Theoretical Biology and Bioinformatics, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands,CONTACT Bas E.Dutilh Centre for Molecular and Biomolecular Informatics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Annemarie Boleij
- Department of Pathology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands,Annemarie Boleij Department of Pathology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Purohit J, Chattopadhyay A, Teli B. Metagenomic Exploration of Plastic Degrading Microbes for Biotechnological Application. Curr Genomics 2020; 21:253-270. [PMID: 33071619 PMCID: PMC7521044 DOI: 10.2174/1389202921999200525155711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the last few decades, the promiscuous and uncontrolled use of plastics led to the accumulation of millions of tons of plastic waste in the terrestrial and marine environment. It elevated the risk of environmental pollution and climate change. The concern arises more due to the reckless and unscientific disposal of plastics containing high molecular weight polymers, viz., polystyrene, polyamide, polyvinylchloride, polypropylene, polyurethane, and polyethylene, etc. which are very difficult to degrade. Thus, the focus is now paid to search for efficient, eco-friendly, low-cost waste management technology. Of them, degradation of non-degradable synthetic polymer using diverse microbial agents, viz., bacteria, fungi, and other extremophiles become an emerging option. So far, very few microbial agents and their secreted enzymes have been identified and characterized for plastic degradation, but with low efficiency. It might be due to the predominance of uncultured microbial species, which consequently remain unexplored from the respective plastic degrading milieu. To overcome this problem, metagenomic analysis of microbial population engaged in the plastic biodegradation is advisable to decipher the microbial community structure and to predict their biodegradation potential in situ. Advancements in sequencing technologies and bioinformatics analysis allow the rapid metagenome screening that helps in the identification of total microbial community and also opens up the scope for mining genes or enzymes (hydrolases, laccase, etc.) engaged in polymer degradation. Further, the extraction of the core microbial population and their adaptation, fitness, and survivability can also be deciphered through comparative metagenomic study. It will help to engineer the microbial community and their metabolic activity to speed up the degradation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyotika Purohit
- 1Department of Plant Pathology, C.P. College of Agriculture, S.D. Agricultural University, SK Nagar, (Guj.), India; 2Division of Plant Pathology, IARI, New Delhi, India; 3Department of Mycology & Plant Pathology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, (U.P.), India
| | - Anirudha Chattopadhyay
- 1Department of Plant Pathology, C.P. College of Agriculture, S.D. Agricultural University, SK Nagar, (Guj.), India; 2Division of Plant Pathology, IARI, New Delhi, India; 3Department of Mycology & Plant Pathology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, (U.P.), India
| | - Basavaraj Teli
- 1Department of Plant Pathology, C.P. College of Agriculture, S.D. Agricultural University, SK Nagar, (Guj.), India; 2Division of Plant Pathology, IARI, New Delhi, India; 3Department of Mycology & Plant Pathology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, (U.P.), India
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Berg G, Rybakova D, Fischer D, Cernava T, Vergès MCC, Charles T, Chen X, Cocolin L, Eversole K, Corral GH, Kazou M, Kinkel L, Lange L, Lima N, Loy A, Macklin JA, Maguin E, Mauchline T, McClure R, Mitter B, Ryan M, Sarand I, Smidt H, Schelkle B, Roume H, Kiran GS, Selvin J, Souza RSCD, van Overbeek L, Singh BK, Wagner M, Walsh A, Sessitsch A, Schloter M. Microbiome definition re-visited: old concepts and new challenges. MICROBIOME 2020; 8:103. [PMID: 32605663 PMCID: PMC7329523 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-020-00875-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 645] [Impact Index Per Article: 161.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The field of microbiome research has evolved rapidly over the past few decades and has become a topic of great scientific and public interest. As a result of this rapid growth in interest covering different fields, we are lacking a clear commonly agreed definition of the term "microbiome." Moreover, a consensus on best practices in microbiome research is missing. Recently, a panel of international experts discussed the current gaps in the frame of the European-funded MicrobiomeSupport project. The meeting brought together about 40 leaders from diverse microbiome areas, while more than a hundred experts from all over the world took part in an online survey accompanying the workshop. This article excerpts the outcomes of the workshop and the corresponding online survey embedded in a short historical introduction and future outlook. We propose a definition of microbiome based on the compact, clear, and comprehensive description of the term provided by Whipps et al. in 1988, amended with a set of novel recommendations considering the latest technological developments and research findings. We clearly separate the terms microbiome and microbiota and provide a comprehensive discussion considering the composition of microbiota, the heterogeneity and dynamics of microbiomes in time and space, the stability and resilience of microbial networks, the definition of core microbiomes, and functionally relevant keystone species as well as co-evolutionary principles of microbe-host and inter-species interactions within the microbiome. These broad definitions together with the suggested unifying concepts will help to improve standardization of microbiome studies in the future, and could be the starting point for an integrated assessment of data resulting in a more rapid transfer of knowledge from basic science into practice. Furthermore, microbiome standards are important for solving new challenges associated with anthropogenic-driven changes in the field of planetary health, for which the understanding of microbiomes might play a key role. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Berg
- Environmental Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria.
| | - Daria Rybakova
- Environmental Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria
| | | | - Tomislav Cernava
- Environmental Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria
| | | | - Trevor Charles
- Waterloo Centre for Microbial Research, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
- Metagenom Bio, 550 Parkside Drive, Unit A9, Waterloo, ON, N2L 5 V4, Canada
| | - Xiaoyulong Chen
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of the Mountainous Region, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Luca Cocolin
- European Food Information Council, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Kellye Eversole
- International Alliance for Phytobiomes Research, Summit, Lee, MO, 's, USA
| | | | - Maria Kazou
- Laboratory of Dairy Research, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Linda Kinkel
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Lene Lange
- BioEconomy, Research, & Advisory, Valby, Denmark
| | - Nelson Lima
- CEB-Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
| | - Alexander Loy
- Department of Microbial Ecology and Ecosystem Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Emmanuelle Maguin
- MICALIS, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Tim Mauchline
- Sustainable Agriculture Sciences, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, UK
| | - Ryan McClure
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - Birgit Mitter
- Bioresources Unit, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology, Tulln, Austria
| | | | - Inga Sarand
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Hauke Smidt
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | | | | | - G Seghal Kiran
- Dept of Food Science and Technology, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, India
| | - Joseph Selvin
- Department of Microbiology, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, India
| | - Rafael Soares Correa de Souza
- Genomics for Climate Change Research Center (GCCRC), Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Leo van Overbeek
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Brajesh K Singh
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
- Global Centre for Land-Based Innovation, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - Michael Wagner
- Department of Microbial Ecology and Ecosystem Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Aaron Walsh
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland
| | - Angela Sessitsch
- Bioresources Unit, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology, Tulln, Austria
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Rodriguez R, Durán P. Natural Holobiome Engineering by Using Native Extreme Microbiome to Counteract the Climate Change Effects. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:568. [PMID: 32582678 PMCID: PMC7287022 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In the current scenario of climate change, the future of agriculture is uncertain. Climate change and climate-related disasters have a direct impact on biotic and abiotic factors that govern agroecosystems compromising the global food security. In the last decade, the advances in high throughput sequencing techniques have significantly improved our understanding about the composition, function and dynamics of plant microbiome. However, despite the microbiome have been proposed as a new platform for the next green revolution, our knowledge about the mechanisms that govern microbe-microbe and microbe-plant interactions are incipient. Currently, the adaptation of plants to environmental changes not only suggests that the plants can adapt or migrate, but also can interact with their surrounding microbial communities to alleviate different stresses by natural microbiome selection of specialized strains, phenomenon recently called "Cry for Help". From this way, plants have been co-evolved with their microbiota adapting to local environmental conditions to ensuring the survival of the entire holobiome to improve plant fitness. Thus, the strong selective pressure of native extreme microbiomes could represent a remarkable microbial niche of plant stress-amelioration to counteract the negative effect of climate change in food crops. Currently, the microbiome engineering has recently emerged as an alternative to modify and promote positive interactions between microorganisms and plants to improve plant fitness. In the present review, we discuss the possible use of extreme microbiome to alleviate different stresses in crop plants under the current scenario of climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Rodriguez
- Biocontrol Research Laboratory, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Paola Durán
- Biocontrol Research Laboratory, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
- Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
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Kemp L, Adam L, Boehm CR, Breitling R, Casagrande R, Dando M, Djikeng A, Evans NG, Hammond R, Hills K, Holt LA, Kuiken T, Markotić A, Millett P, Napier JA, Nelson C, ÓhÉigeartaigh SS, Osbourn A, Palmer MJ, Patron NJ, Perello E, Piyawattanametha W, Restrepo-Schild V, Rios-Rojas C, Rhodes C, Roessing A, Scott D, Shapira P, Simuntala C, Smith RDJ, Sundaram LS, Takano E, Uttmark G, Wintle BC, Zahra NB, Sutherland WJ. Bioengineering horizon scan 2020. eLife 2020; 9:e54489. [PMID: 32479263 PMCID: PMC7259952 DOI: 10.7554/elife.54489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Horizon scanning is intended to identify the opportunities and threats associated with technological, regulatory and social change. In 2017 some of the present authors conducted a horizon scan for bioengineering (Wintle et al., 2017). Here we report the results of a new horizon scan that is based on inputs from a larger and more international group of 38 participants. The final list of 20 issues includes topics spanning from the political (the regulation of genomic data, increased philanthropic funding and malicious uses of neurochemicals) to the environmental (crops for changing climates and agricultural gene drives). The early identification of such issues is relevant to researchers, policy-makers and the wider public.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke Kemp
- Centre for the Study of Existential Risk (CSER), University of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
- Biosecurity Research Initiative at St Catharine’s College, University of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | | | - Christian R Boehm
- Centre for the Study of Existential Risk (CSER), University of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Rainer Breitling
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Bioengineering, University of ManchesterManchesterUnited Kingdom
| | | | - Malcolm Dando
- Division of Peace Studies and International Development, University of BradfordBradfordUnited Kingdom
| | - Appolinaire Djikeng
- Centre for Tropical Livestock Genetics and Health, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary StudiesEdinburghUnited Kingdom
| | - Nicholas G Evans
- Department of Philosophy, University of MassachusettsLowellUnited States
- Rogue BioethicsLowellUnited States
| | | | | | - Lauren A Holt
- Centre for the Study of Existential Risk (CSER), University of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
- Biosecurity Research Initiative at St Catharine’s College, University of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Todd Kuiken
- Genetic Engineering and Society Center, North Carolina State UniversityRaleighUnited States
| | - Alemka Markotić
- University Hospital for Infectious DiseasesZagrebCroatia
- Medical School, University of RijekaRijekaCroatia
- Catholic University of CroatiaZagrebCroatia
| | - Piers Millett
- Future of Humanity Institute, University of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
- iGem FoundationBostonUnited States
| | | | - Cassidy Nelson
- Future of Humanity Institute, University of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
| | - Seán S ÓhÉigeartaigh
- Centre for the Study of Existential Risk (CSER), University of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
- Biosecurity Research Initiative at St Catharine’s College, University of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | | | - Megan J Palmer
- Center for International Security and Cooperation (CSIAC), Stanford UniversityStanfordUnited States
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford UniversityStanfordUnited States
| | | | | | - Wibool Piyawattanametha
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology LadkrabangBangkokThailand
- Institute for Quantitative Health Sciences and Engineering, Michigan State UniversityEast LansingUnited States
| | | | - Clarissa Rios-Rojas
- Centre for the Study of Existential Risk (CSER), University of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
- Ekpa’Palek: Empowering Latin-American Young ProfessionalsLimaPeru
| | - Catherine Rhodes
- Centre for the Study of Existential Risk (CSER), University of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
- Biosecurity Research Initiative at St Catharine’s College, University of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Anna Roessing
- Department of Politics, Languages and International Studies, University of BathBathUnited Kingdom
| | - Deborah Scott
- Science, Technology & Innovation Studies, School of Social and Political Science, University of EdinburghEdinburghUnited Kingdom
| | - Philip Shapira
- Manchester Institute of Innovation Research, Alliance Manchester Business School, University of ManchesterManchesterUnited Kingdom
- SYNBIOCHEM, University of ManchesterManchesterUnited Kingdom
- School of Public Policy, Georgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaUnited States
| | | | - Robert DJ Smith
- Science, Technology & Innovation Studies, School of Social and Political Science, University of EdinburghEdinburghUnited Kingdom
| | - Lalitha S Sundaram
- Centre for the Study of Existential Risk (CSER), University of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
- Biosecurity Research Initiative at St Catharine’s College, University of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Eriko Takano
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Bioengineering, University of ManchesterManchesterUnited Kingdom
| | - Gwyn Uttmark
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford UniversityStanfordUnited States
| | - Bonnie C Wintle
- School of BioSciences, University of MelbourneMelbourneAustralia
| | - Nadia B Zahra
- Department of Biotechnology, Qarshi UniversityLahorePakistan
| | - William J Sutherland
- Biosecurity Research Initiative at St Catharine’s College, University of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
- Department of Zoology, University of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
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Early-Life Intake of an Isotonic Protein Drink Improves the Gut Microbial Profile of Piglets. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10050879. [PMID: 32443653 PMCID: PMC7278368 DOI: 10.3390/ani10050879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The gut microbiota plays a key role in maintaining the overall health and homeostasis of mammals. Developing blends of nutrients that contribute to a diverse and balanced gut microbiota community thus contributes to improve pig health, particularly at weaning when rapid dietary and environmental changes occur. As shown in the present study, Tonisity Px, an isotonic protein drink that provides key nutrients for nourishing the enterocytes, increased the abundance of beneficial bacteria and decreased that of potentially-pathogenic bacteria when provided to piglets aged 2 to 8 days. This isotonic protein drink also improved the overall gut environment, both pre-weaning and post-weaning, as revealed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and semiquantitative Escherichia coli culture. Abstract A healthy microbial community in the gut of piglets is critical to minimize the negative performance consequences associated with dietary and environmental changes that occur at weaning. Tonisity Px, an isotonic protein drink, is a potential alternative to balance the gut microbiota as it contains key ingredients for nourishing the small intestine. In the present study, 16 litters comprising 161 piglets were randomly allocated to a group to which Tonisity Px was provided from days 2 to 8 of age (TPX group) or to a control group, to which no Tonisity Px was provided. The TPX group also received Tonisity Px in the 3 days before and after weaning. At days 9, 17, and 30 of age, fecal and ileum samples were collected from piglets belonging to both groups and analyzed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing, semiquantitative PCR of Rotavirus serogroups, and semiquantitative Escherichia coli culture. Overall, Tonisity Px increased the abundance of beneficial bacterial populations (Lactobacillus and Bacteroides species) and reduced potentially pathogenic bacterial populations (E. coli and Prevotellaceae), in both the pre-weaning and post-weaning periods.
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49
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Bhokisham N, VanArsdale E, Stephens KT, Hauk P, Payne GF, Bentley WE. A redox-based electrogenetic CRISPR system to connect with and control biological information networks. Nat Commun 2020; 11:2427. [PMID: 32415193 PMCID: PMC7228920 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-16249-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Electronic information can be transmitted to cells directly from microelectronics via electrode-activated redox mediators. These transmissions are decoded by redox-responsive promoters which enable user-specified control over biological function. Here, we build on this redox communication modality by establishing an electronic eCRISPR conduit of information exchange. This system acts as a biological signal processor, amplifying signal reception and filtering biological noise. We electronically amplify bacterial quorum sensing (QS) signaling by activating LasI, the autoinducer-1 synthase. Similarly, we filter out unintended noise by inhibiting the native SoxRS-mediated oxidative stress response regulon. We then construct an eCRISPR based redox conduit in both E. coli and Salmonella enterica. Finally, we display eCRISPR based information processing that allows transmission of spatiotemporal redox commands which are then decoded by gelatin-encapsulated E. coli. We anticipate that redox communication channels will enable biohybrid microelectronic devices that could transform our abilities to electronically interpret and control biological function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narendranath Bhokisham
- Biological Sciences Graduate Program-College of Computer, Mathematical and Natural Sciences, University of Maryland, 4066 Campus Drive, College Park, MD, 20742, USA.,Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, 5115 Plant Sciences Building, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Eric VanArsdale
- Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, 5115 Plant Sciences Building, College Park, MD, 20742, USA.,Fischell Department of Bioengineering, A. James Clark Hall, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA.,Robert E. Fischell Institute for Biomedical Devices, University of Maryland, Room 5102, A. James Clark Hall, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Kristina T Stephens
- Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, 5115 Plant Sciences Building, College Park, MD, 20742, USA.,Fischell Department of Bioengineering, A. James Clark Hall, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA.,Robert E. Fischell Institute for Biomedical Devices, University of Maryland, Room 5102, A. James Clark Hall, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Pricila Hauk
- Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, 5115 Plant Sciences Building, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Gregory F Payne
- Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, 5115 Plant Sciences Building, College Park, MD, 20742, USA.,Fischell Department of Bioengineering, A. James Clark Hall, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA.,Robert E. Fischell Institute for Biomedical Devices, University of Maryland, Room 5102, A. James Clark Hall, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - William E Bentley
- Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, 5115 Plant Sciences Building, College Park, MD, 20742, USA. .,Fischell Department of Bioengineering, A. James Clark Hall, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA. .,Robert E. Fischell Institute for Biomedical Devices, University of Maryland, Room 5102, A. James Clark Hall, College Park, MD, 20742, USA.
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50
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Directional design of a starter to assemble the initial microbial fermentation community of baijiu. Food Res Int 2020; 134:109255. [PMID: 32517943 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Tetramethylpyrazine (TTMP) is an important aroma compound in the sesame-flavored Chinese liquor, baijiu. Similar to other traditional spontaneously fermented foods, it is difficult to directionally increase the key aroma compound in situ fermentation system of baijiu without changing its sensory profile. The assembly of the starting microbial community for fermentation by using a functional starter provides a promising solution which needs careful manipulations. This study aimed to increase TTMP concentration in baijiu using the functional starter inoculated with the indigenous strain B. amyloliquefaciens XJB-104 with high TTMP production ability. After inoculation, the relative abundance of Bacillus in the initial stage of fermentation increased from 82.14% to 88.47%. The TTMP concentration increased by about 26 and 24-fold in the fermented grains (zaopei) and baijiu respectively compared with controls. Moreover, the quality of baijiu was improved according to sensory analyses. In addition, correlation analysis confirmed that the increased TTMP content in baijiu was due to the successful assembly of the initial fermentation microbiota after the inoculation of B. amyloliquefaciens.
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