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Azevedo MA, Teixeira JA, Pastrana L, Cerqueira MA. Rhamnolipids: A biosurfactant for the development of lipid-based nanosystems for food applications. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2024; 23:e13252. [PMID: 38284602 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.13252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Biosurfactants (surfactants synthesized by microorganisms) are produced by microorganisms and are suitable for use in different areas. Among biosurfactants, rhamnolipids are the most studied and popular, attracting scientists, and industries' interest. Due to their unique characteristics, the rhamnolipids have been used as synthetic surfactants' alternatives and explored in food applications. Besides the production challenges that need to be tackled to guarantee efficient production and low cost, their properties need to be adjusted to the final application, where the pH instability needs to be considered. Moreover, regulatory approval is needed to start being used in commercial applications. One characteristic of interest is their capacity to form oil-in-water nanosystems. Some of the most explored have been nanoemulsions, solid-lipid nanoparticles and nanostructured lipid carriers. This review presents an overview of the main properties of rhamnolipids, asserts the potential and efficiency of rhamnolipids to replace the synthetic surfactants in the development of nanosystems, and describes the rhamnolipids-based nanosystems used in food applications. It also discusses the main characteristics and methodologies used for their characterization and in the end, some of the main challenges are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria A Azevedo
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Braga, Portugal
- Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - José A Teixeira
- Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Lorenzo Pastrana
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Braga, Portugal
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2
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Kumar R, Barbhuiya RI, Bohra V, Wong JWC, Singh A, Kaur G. Sustainable rhamnolipids production in the next decade - Advancing with Burkholderia thailandensis as a potent biocatalytic strain. Microbiol Res 2023; 272:127386. [PMID: 37094547 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2023.127386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
Rhamnolipids are one of the most promising eco-friendly green glycolipids for bio-replacements of commercially available fossil fuel-based surfactants. However, the current industrial biotechnology practices cannot meet the required standards due to the low production yields, expensive biomass feedstocks, complicated processing, and opportunistic pathogenic nature of the conventional rhamnolipid producer strains. To overcome these problems, it has become important to realize non-pathogenic producer substitutes and high-yielding strategies supporting biomass-based production. We hereby review the inherent characteristics of Burkholderia thailandensis E264 which favor its competence towards such sustainable rhamnolipid biosynthesis. The underlying biosynthetic networks of this species have unveiled unique substrate specificity, carbon flux control and rhamnolipid congener profile. Acknowledging such desirable traits, the present review provides critical insights towards metabolism, regulation, upscaling, and applications of B. thailandensis rhamnolipids. Identification of their unique and naturally inducible physiology has proved to be beneficial for achieving previously unmet redox balance and metabolic flux requirements in rhamnolipids production. These developments in part are targeted by the strategic optimization of B. thailandensis valorizing low-cost substrates ranging from agro-industrial byproducts to next generation (waste) fractions. Accordingly, safer bioconversions can propel the industrial rhamnolipids in advanced biorefinery domains to promote circular economy, reduce carbon footprint and increased applicability as both social and environment friendly bioproducts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajat Kumar
- Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
| | | | - Varsha Bohra
- Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
| | - Jonathan W C Wong
- Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong; Institute of Bioresources and Agriculture and Sino-Forest Applied Research Centre for Pearl River Delta Environment, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
| | - Ashutosh Singh
- School of Engineering, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G2W1, Canada
| | - Guneet Kaur
- School of Engineering, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G2W1, Canada.
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3
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Chin SY, Shahruddin S, Chua GK, Samsudin NA, Mudalip SKA, Ghazali NFS, Jemaat Z, Salleh SF, Said FM, Nadir N, Ismail NL, Ng SH. Toward Sustainable Production of Sugar-Based Alkyl Polyglycoside Surfactant─A Comprehensive Review on Synthesis Route and Downstream Processing. Ind Eng Chem Res 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.2c04039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sim Yee Chin
- Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, 26300 Gambang, Kuantan, Pahang Darul Makmur Malaysia
| | - Sara Shahruddin
- PETRONAS Research Sdn. Bhd., Lot 3288 and 3289, Off Jalan Ayer Itam, Kawasan Institusi Bangi, 43000 Kajang, Selangor Darul Ehsan Malaysia
| | - Gek Kee Chua
- Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, 26300 Gambang, Kuantan, Pahang Darul Makmur Malaysia
| | - Nur Amalina Samsudin
- PETRONAS Research Sdn. Bhd., Lot 3288 and 3289, Off Jalan Ayer Itam, Kawasan Institusi Bangi, 43000 Kajang, Selangor Darul Ehsan Malaysia
| | - Siti Kholijah Abdul Mudalip
- Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, 26300 Gambang, Kuantan, Pahang Darul Makmur Malaysia
| | - Noor Fadhila Syahida Ghazali
- PETRONAS Research Sdn. Bhd., Lot 3288 and 3289, Off Jalan Ayer Itam, Kawasan Institusi Bangi, 43000 Kajang, Selangor Darul Ehsan Malaysia
| | - Zulkifly Jemaat
- Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, 26300 Gambang, Kuantan, Pahang Darul Makmur Malaysia
| | - Siti Fatihah Salleh
- PETRONAS Research Sdn. Bhd., Lot 3288 and 3289, Off Jalan Ayer Itam, Kawasan Institusi Bangi, 43000 Kajang, Selangor Darul Ehsan Malaysia
| | - Farhan Mohd Said
- Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, 26300 Gambang, Kuantan, Pahang Darul Makmur Malaysia
| | - Najiah Nadir
- PETRONAS Research Sdn. Bhd., Lot 3288 and 3289, Off Jalan Ayer Itam, Kawasan Institusi Bangi, 43000 Kajang, Selangor Darul Ehsan Malaysia
| | - Nur Liyana Ismail
- PETRONAS Research Sdn. Bhd., Lot 3288 and 3289, Off Jalan Ayer Itam, Kawasan Institusi Bangi, 43000 Kajang, Selangor Darul Ehsan Malaysia
| | - Su Han Ng
- PETRONAS Research Sdn. Bhd., Lot 3288 and 3289, Off Jalan Ayer Itam, Kawasan Institusi Bangi, 43000 Kajang, Selangor Darul Ehsan Malaysia
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Biofouling in Membrane Bioreactors: Mechanism, Interactions and Possible Mitigation Using Biosurfactants. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2023; 195:2114-2133. [PMID: 36385366 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-022-04261-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Biofouling roots damage to membrane bioreactors (MBRs), such as physical, functional and organisational changes and even therefore clogging of the membrane pores and successive microbial degradation. Further, it blocks the pores, results into a biomass cake and in due course reduces the membrane flux and leads to an increase in the operational costs. MBR fouling contributed to the rise in transmembrane pressure (TMP) and decrease in permeate flux (in case of constant pressure operation mode). Chemical surfactants adopted for the cleaning of membrane surfaces have certain disadvantages such as toxicity manifestations, damage to the membranes and high CMC concentrations. Biosurfactant surfactants have attained increasing interest due to their low toxicity, biodegradability, stability to extreme environmental conditions such as temperatures, pH and tolerance to salinity. The biosurfactants trapped the foulants via micelle formation, which distresses hydrophobic interactions amongst bacteria and the surface. Rhamnolipids as an anionic biosurfactant pose a significant interfacial potential and have affinity to bind organic matter. The present review discusses the problem of biofouling in MBRs, type and interactions of foulants involved and also highlights the mechanisms of biosurfactant cleaning, effect of different parameters, effect of concentration, TMP, flux recovery, permeability, mitigation practices and challenges.
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Li D, Tao W, Yu D, Li S. Emulsifying Properties of Rhamnolipids and Their In Vitro Antifungal Activity against Plant Pathogenic Fungi. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27227746. [PMID: 36431843 PMCID: PMC9694558 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27227746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhamnolipids have significant emulsifying activity and the potential to become a component of pesticide emulsifier. Rhamnolipids are usually composed of two main components: mono-rhamnolipids (Rha-C10-C10) and di-rhamnolipids (Rha2-C10-C10). The proportion of di-rhamnolipids in the products ranged between 15% and 90%, affected by the production strains and fermentation process. In this paper, three kinds of rhamnolipid products containing di-rhamnolipids proportions, of 25.45, 46.46 and 89.52%, were used to test their emulsifying ability toward three conventional solvents used in pesticide (S-200, xylene, cyclohexanone) and antifungal activities against five strains of plant pathogenic fungi (Phytophthora capsici, Phytophthora parasitica var.nicotianae, Colletotrichum destructivum, Colletotrichum sublineolum, Fusarium oxysporum). The results indicated that although the CMC of the three rhamnolipids were significantly different, their emulsification properties had no remarkable differences, at a concentration of 10 g/L. However, their antifungal activities were significantly different: the more di-rhamnolipids, the stronger the antifungal activity. This work helps to promote the application of rhamnolipids as pesticides adjuvants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongmei Li
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Weiyi Tao
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Dinghua Yu
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Shuang Li
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-25-5813-9942; Fax: +86-25-5813-9942
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Ali AM, Hill HJ, Elkhouly GE, Bakkar MR, Raya NR, Stamataki Z, Abo-Zeid Y. Rhamnolipid Nano-Micelles Inhibit SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Have No Dermal or Eye Toxic Effects in Rabbits. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:1556. [PMID: 36358211 PMCID: PMC9686650 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11111556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Hand hygiene is considered to be the key factor in controlling and preventing infection, either in hospital care settings or in the community. Alcohol-based hand sanitizers are commonly used due to their rapid action and broad spectrum of microbicidal activity, offering protection against bacteria and viruses. However, their frequent administration during COVID-19 pandemic was associated with serious hazards, such as skin toxicity, including irritation, skin dermatitis, skin dryness or cracking, along with peeling redness or itching, with the higher possibility of getting infections. Thus, there is a need to find alternative and novel approaches for hand sanitation. In our previous publications, we reported that rhamnolipids nano-micelles had a comparable antibacterial activity to alcohol-based hand sanitizer and a lower cytotoxicity against human dermal fibroblast cells. In the current study, we investigated the antiviral activity of rhamnolipids nano-micelles against SARS-CoV-2. There was no cytotoxic effect on Vero cells noted at the tested concentrations of rhamnolipids nano-micelles. The rhamnolipids nano-micelles solution at 20, 78, and 312 µg/mL all demonstrated a significant (p < 0.05) decrease of virus infectivity compared to the virus only and the blank vehicle sample. In addition, an acute irritation test was performed on rabbits to further ascertain the biosafety of rhamnolipids nano-micelles. In the eye and skin irritation tests, no degree of irritation was recorded after topical application of rhamnolipids nano-micelles. In addition, histopathological, biomarker, and hematological analyses from animals treated with rhamnolipids nano-micelles were identical to those recorded for untreated animal. From the above, we can conclude that rhamnolipids nano-micelles are a good candidate to be used as a hand sanitizer instead of alcohol-based hand sanitizers. However, they must still be tested in the future among healthcare workers (HCW) in a health care setting to ascertain their antimicrobial efficacy and safety compared to alcohol-based hand sanitizers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaa M Ali
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12211, Egypt
| | - Harriet J Hill
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Gehad E Elkhouly
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Cairo 11795, Egypt
- Helwan Nanotechnology Center, Helwan University, Cairo 11792, Egypt
| | - Marwa Reda Bakkar
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo 11795, Egypt
| | - Nermeen R Raya
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Cairo 11795, Egypt
- Helwan Nanotechnology Center, Helwan University, Cairo 11792, Egypt
| | - Zania Stamataki
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Yasmin Abo-Zeid
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Cairo 11795, Egypt
- Helwan Nanotechnology Center, Helwan University, Cairo 11792, Egypt
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Modabber G, Akhavan Sepahi A, Yazdian F, Rashedi H. Evaluation of production of lipopeptide biosurfactants and surfactin micelles by native
Bacillus
of Iran, for a broader application range. J SURFACTANTS DETERG 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/jsde.12626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Glayol Modabber
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of biological Sciences Islamic Azad University, North Tehran Branch Tehran Iran
| | - Abbas Akhavan Sepahi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of biological Sciences Islamic Azad University, North Tehran Branch Tehran Iran
| | - Fatemeh Yazdian
- Department of Life Science Engineering, Faculty of New Science and Technologies University of Tehran Tehran Iran
| | - Hamid Rashedi
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering University of Tehran Tehran Iran
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A mini-review: mechanism of antimicrobial action and application of surfactin. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 38:143. [PMID: 35718798 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-022-03323-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Surfactin, an antibacterial lipopeptide produced by different strains of Bacillus subtilis, is a powerful biosurfactant. It also has multiple biological activities including antiviral, anti-mycoplasma and antiprotozoal activities, in addition to the broad-spectrum antimicrobial activities against Gram-positive bacteria, Gram-negative bacteria and fungi. Surfactin may be one of the promising alternatives to antibiotics. Surfactin's chemical structure and physicochemical properties are briefly discussed in this mini-review. Surfactin's antibacterial mechanism is mainly outlined as follows: (1) attacking pathogenic bacteria's cell membrane, causing cell membrane disintegration or osmotic pressure imbalance; (2) inhibiting pathogenic bacteria's protein synthesis, preventing cell reproduction; (3) inhibiting pathogenic bacteria's enzyme activity, affecting normal cell metabolism. This provides basis for the further research and application of surfactin. Finally, the application of surfactin in food and its prospect are summarized in brief.
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Havenga B, Reyneke B, Waso-Reyneke M, Ndlovu T, Khan S, Khan W. Biological Control of Acinetobacter baumannii: In Vitro and In Vivo Activity, Limitations, and Combination Therapies. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10051052. [PMID: 35630494 PMCID: PMC9147981 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10051052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The survival, proliferation, and epidemic spread of Acinetobacter baumannii (A. baumannii) in hospital settings is associated with several characteristics, including resistance to many commercially available antibiotics as well as the expression of multiple virulence mechanisms. This severely limits therapeutic options, with increased mortality and morbidity rates recorded worldwide. The World Health Organisation, thus, recognises A. baumannii as one of the critical pathogens that need to be prioritised for the development of new antibiotics or treatment. The current review will thus provide a brief overview of the antibiotic resistance and virulence mechanisms associated with A. baumannii’s “persist and resist strategy”. Thereafter, the potential of biological control agents including secondary metabolites such as biosurfactants [lipopeptides (surfactin and serrawettin) and glycolipids (rhamnolipid)] as well as predatory bacteria (Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus) and bacteriophages to directly target A. baumannii, will be discussed in terms of their in vitro and in vivo activity. In addition, limitations and corresponding mitigations strategies will be outlined, including curtailing resistance development using combination therapies, product stabilisation, and large-scale (up-scaling) production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Havenga
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa; (B.H.); (B.R.)
| | - Brandon Reyneke
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa; (B.H.); (B.R.)
| | - Monique Waso-Reyneke
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein 2028, South Africa; (M.W.-R.); (S.K.)
| | - Thando Ndlovu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Botswana, Private Bag UB, Gaborone 0022, Botswana;
| | - Sehaam Khan
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein 2028, South Africa; (M.W.-R.); (S.K.)
| | - Wesaal Khan
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa; (B.H.); (B.R.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +27-21-808-5804
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Abo-zeid Y, Bakkar MR, Elkhouly GE, Raya NR, Zaafar D. Rhamnolipid Nano-Micelles versus Alcohol-Based Hand Sanitizer: A Comparative Study for Antibacterial Activity against Hospital-Acquired Infections and Toxicity Concerns. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11050605. [PMID: 35625249 PMCID: PMC9137935 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11050605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Hospital-acquired infections (HAIs) are considered to be a major global healthcare challenge, in large part because of the development of microbial resistance to currently approved antimicrobial drugs. HAIs are frequently preventable through infection prevention and control measures, with hand hygiene as a key activity. Improving hand hygiene was reported to reduce the transmission of healthcare-associated pathogens and HAIs. Alcohol-based hand sanitizers are commonly used due to their rapid action and broad spectrum of microbicidal activity, offering protection against bacteria and viruses. However, their frequent administration has been reported to be associated with many side effects, such as skin sensitivity, skin drying, and cracks, which promote further skin infections. Thus, there is an essential need to find alternative approaches to hand sanitation. Rhamnolipids are glycolipids produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and were shown to have broad antimicrobial activity as biosurfactants. We have previously demonstrated the antimicrobial activity of rhamnolipid nano-micelles against selected drug-resistant Gram-negative (Salmonella Montevideo and Salmonella Typhimurium) and Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae). To the best of our knowledge, the antimicrobial activity of rhamnolipid nano-micelles in comparison to alcohol-based hand sanitizers against microorganisms commonly causing HAIs in Egypt—such as Acinetobacter baumannii and Staphylococcus aureus—has not yet been studied. In the present work, a comparative study of the antibacterial activity of rhamnolipid nano-micelles versus alcohol-based hand sanitizers was performed, and their safety profiles were also assessed. It was demonstrated that rhamnolipid nano-micelles had a comparable antibacterial activity to alcohol-based hand sanitizer, with a better safety profile, i.e., rhamnolipid nano-micelles are unlikely to cause any harmful effects on the skin. Thus, rhamnolipid nano-micelles could be recommended to replace alcohol-based hand sanitizers; however, they must still be tested by healthcare workers in healthcare settings to ascertain their antimicrobial activity and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmin Abo-zeid
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Cairo 11795, Egypt; (G.E.E.); (N.R.R.)
- Helwan Nanotechnology Center, Helwan University, Cairo 11792, Egypt
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +20-10-92792846
| | - Marwa Reda Bakkar
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo 11795, Egypt;
| | - Gehad E. Elkhouly
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Cairo 11795, Egypt; (G.E.E.); (N.R.R.)
- Helwan Nanotechnology Center, Helwan University, Cairo 11792, Egypt
| | - Nermeen R. Raya
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Cairo 11795, Egypt; (G.E.E.); (N.R.R.)
- Helwan Nanotechnology Center, Helwan University, Cairo 11792, Egypt
| | - Dalia Zaafar
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Modern University for Technology and Information, Cairo 12055, Egypt;
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Overview on Glycosylated Lipids Produced by Bacteria and Fungi: Rhamno-, Sophoro-, Mannosylerythritol and Cellobiose Lipids. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 181:73-122. [DOI: 10.1007/10_2021_200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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12
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Environmental Impacts of Biosurfactants from a Life Cycle Perspective: A Systematic Literature Review. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 181:235-269. [DOI: 10.1007/10_2021_194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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13
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Process Development in Biosurfactant Production. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 181:195-233. [DOI: 10.1007/10_2021_195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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14
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Soberón-Chávez G, Hausmann R, Déziel E. Editorial: Biosurfactants: New Insights in Their Biosynthesis, Production and Applications. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:769899. [PMID: 34676204 PMCID: PMC8523918 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.769899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Soberón-Chávez
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rudolf Hausmann
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering, Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Eric Déziel
- Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS), Laval, QC, Canada
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15
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Lilge L, Vahidinasab M, Adiek I, Becker P, Kuppusamy Nesamani C, Treinen C, Hoffmann M, Morabbi Heravi K, Henkel M, Hausmann R. Expression of degQ gene and its effect on lipopeptide production as well as formation of secretory proteases in Bacillus subtilis strains. Microbiologyopen 2021; 10:e1241. [PMID: 34713601 PMCID: PMC8515880 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.1241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacillus subtilis is described as a promising production strain for lipopeptides. In the case of B. subtilis strains JABs24 and DSM10T , surfactin and plipastatin are produced. Lipopeptide formation is controlled, among others, by the DegU response regulator. The activating phospho-transfer by the DegS sensor kinase is stimulated by the pleiotropic regulator DegQ, resulting in enhanced DegU activation. In B. subtilis 168, a point mutation in the degQ promoter region leads to a reduction in gene expression. Corresponding reporter strains showed a 14-fold reduced expression. This effect on degQ expression and the associated impact on lipopeptide formation was examined for B. subtilis JABs24, a lipopeptide-producing derivative of strain 168, and B. subtilis wild-type strain DSM10T , which has a native degQ expression. Based on the stimulatory effects of the DegU regulator on secretory protease formation, the impact of degQ expression on extracellular protease activity was additionally investigated. To follow the impact of degQ, a deletion mutant was constructed for DSM10T , while a natively expressed degQ version was integrated into strain JABs24. This allowed strain-specific quantification of the stimulatory effect of degQ expression on plipastatin and the negative effect on surfactin production in strains JABs24 and DSM10T . While an unaffected degQ expression reduced surfactin production in JABs24 by about 25%, a sixfold increase in plipastatin was observed. In contrast, degQ deletion in DSM10T increased surfactin titer by threefold but decreased plipastatin production by fivefold. In addition, although significant differences in extracellular protease activity were detected, no decrease in plipastatin and surfactin produced during cultivation was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Lilge
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering (150k)Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology (150)University of HohenheimStuttgartGermany
| | - Maliheh Vahidinasab
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering (150k)Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology (150)University of HohenheimStuttgartGermany
| | - Isabel Adiek
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering (150k)Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology (150)University of HohenheimStuttgartGermany
| | - Philipp Becker
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering (150k)Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology (150)University of HohenheimStuttgartGermany
| | - Chanthiya Kuppusamy Nesamani
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering (150k)Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology (150)University of HohenheimStuttgartGermany
| | - Chantal Treinen
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering (150k)Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology (150)University of HohenheimStuttgartGermany
| | - Mareen Hoffmann
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering (150k)Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology (150)University of HohenheimStuttgartGermany
| | - Kambiz Morabbi Heravi
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering (150k)Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology (150)University of HohenheimStuttgartGermany
| | - Marius Henkel
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering (150k)Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology (150)University of HohenheimStuttgartGermany
| | - Rudolf Hausmann
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering (150k)Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology (150)University of HohenheimStuttgartGermany
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16
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Klausmann P, Lilge L, Aschern M, Hennemann K, Henkel M, Hausmann R, Morabbi Heravi K. Influence of B. subtilis 3NA mutations in spo0A and abrB on surfactin production in B. subtilis 168. Microb Cell Fact 2021; 20:188. [PMID: 34565366 PMCID: PMC8474915 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-021-01679-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bacillus subtilis is a well-established host for a variety of bioproduction processes, with much interest focused on the production of biosurfactants such as the cyclic lipopeptide surfactin. Surfactin production is tightly intertwined with quorum sensing and regulatory cell differentiation processes. As previous studies have shown, a non-sporulating B. subtilis strain 3NA encoding a functional sfp locus but mutations in the spo0A and abrB loci, called JABs32, exhibits noticeably increased surfactin production capabilities. In this work, the impacts of introducing JABs32 mutations in the genes spo0A, abrB and abh from 3NA into strain KM1016, a surfactin-forming derivative of B. subtilis 168, was investigated. This study aims to show these mutations are responsible for the surfactin producing performance of strain JABs32 in fed-batch bioreactor cultivations. Results Single and double mutant strains of B. subtilis KM1016 were constructed encoding gene deletions of spo0A, abrB and homologous abh. Furthermore, an elongated abrB version, called abrB*, as described for JABs32 was integrated. Single and combinatory mutant strains were analysed in respect of growth behaviour, native PsrfA promoter expression and surfactin production. Deletion of spo0A led to increased growth rates with lowered surfactin titers, while deletion or elongation of abrB resulted in lowered growth rates and high surfactin yields, compared to KM1016. The double mutant strains B. subtilis KM1036 and KM1020 encoding Δspo0A abrB* and Δspo0A ΔabrB were compared to reference strain JABs32, with KM1036 exhibiting similar production parameters and impeded cell growth and surfactin production for KM1020. Bioreactor fed-batch cultivations comparing a Δspo0A abrB* mutant of KM1016, KM681, with JABs32 showed a decrease of 32% in surfactin concentration. Conclusions The genetic differences of B. subtilis KM1016 and JABs32 give rise to new and improved fermentation methods through high cell density processes. Deletion of the spo0A locus was shown to be the reason for higher biomass concentrations. Only in combination with an elongation of abrB was this strain able to reach high surfactin titers of 18.27 g L−1 in fed-batch cultivations. This work shows, that a B. subtilis strain can be turned into a high cell density surfactin production strain by introduction of two mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Klausmann
- Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology, Department of Bioprocess Engineering (150K), University of Hohenheim, Fruwirthstraße 12, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Lars Lilge
- Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology, Department of Bioprocess Engineering (150K), University of Hohenheim, Fruwirthstraße 12, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Moritz Aschern
- Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology, Department of Bioprocess Engineering (150K), University of Hohenheim, Fruwirthstraße 12, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Katja Hennemann
- Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology, Department of Bioprocess Engineering (150K), University of Hohenheim, Fruwirthstraße 12, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Marius Henkel
- Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology, Department of Bioprocess Engineering (150K), University of Hohenheim, Fruwirthstraße 12, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Rudolf Hausmann
- Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology, Department of Bioprocess Engineering (150K), University of Hohenheim, Fruwirthstraße 12, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Kambiz Morabbi Heravi
- Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology, Department of Bioprocess Engineering (150K), University of Hohenheim, Fruwirthstraße 12, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany
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17
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Mishra S, Lin Z, Pang S, Zhang Y, Bhatt P, Chen S. Biosurfactant is a powerful tool for the bioremediation of heavy metals from contaminated soils. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 418:126253. [PMID: 34119972 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metal toxicity has become a pressing ecological problem that affects the ecosystems through bioaccumulation, representing a serious public health hazard. Many conventional strategies have been developed and applied to decontaminate and restore metal-contaminated areas. However, these conventional approaches are not very suitable and environmentally safe for heavy metal remediation because of their high operational costs, high energy requirements, post-waste disposal problems, and secondary pollutant generation. Thus, biosurfactant-based bioremediation of heavy metals is a sustainable and promising approach because of its biodegradation capability, economic effectiveness, and ecofriendly nature. Pseudomonas sp., Bacillus sp., Citrobacter freundii, and Candida tropicalis have been isolated as potential sources of biosurfactants and produce compounds such as surfactin, rhamnolipids, and sophorolipids. Owing to the severity of heavy metal pollution in certain parts of the environment, biosurfactants have garnered great interest and attention as an emerging multi-functional technology of the new century for successful removal of heavy metal pollutants. The present study describes the role of biosurfactants in the bioremediation of heavy metals from contaminated environments. Moreover, the interaction mechanism underlying biosurfactant-metal complexation and metal remediation are discussed. Based on the review of the literature, further research is warranted to elucidate the mechanistic roles and explore the structural characterization and gene regulation of biosurfactants to improve their productivity and expand their applicability in bioremediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandhya Mishra
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Ziqiu Lin
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Shimei Pang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yuming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Pankaj Bhatt
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Shaohua Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China.
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18
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Segovia V, Reyes A, Rivera G, Vázquez P, Velazquez G, Paz-González A, Hernández-Gama R. Production of rhamnolipids by the Thermoanaerobacter sp. CM-CNRG TB177 strain isolated from an oil well in Mexico. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 105:5833-5844. [PMID: 34396489 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11468-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to produce and characterize biosurfactants using the Thermoanaerobacter sp. CM-CNRG TB177 strain isolated from an oil field in Mexico, as well as assessing the influence of different carbon and nitrogen sources on the capacity of the produced surfactant to reduce the surface tension of water. The thin-layer chromatography (TLC) revealed that the obtained extract corresponds to a mono-rhamnolipid; the results of the ultra-performance-liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (UPLC/MS) analysis revealed that the Thermoanaerobacter sp. CM-CNRG TB177 strain produces a mixture of three rhamnolipids, whose masses correspond to mono-rhamnolipid. The rhamnolipids mixture obtained using 2.5% molasses as carbon source diminished the surface tension of water to 29.67 mNm-1, indicating that the concentration of molasses influenced the capacity of the produced surfactant to reduce the surface tension of water. Also, the microorganism was not capable of growing in the absence of yeast extract as nitrogen source. To the best of our knowledge, the presented results describe for the first time the nature of the biosurfactant produced by a bacterium of the Thermoanaerobacter genus.Key points• Thermoanaerobacter sp. CM-CNRG TB177 produces biosurfactants, and its glycolipid nature is described for the first time.• The HPLC analysis revealed a mixture of three rhamnolipid congeners, and UPLC/MS analysis determined that two of the congeners are the rhamnolipids Rha-C8-C10 and Rha-C12-C10.• The lowest surface tension of 29.67 mNm-1 was obtained with molasses as source of carbon at a 2.5% concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Segovia
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencia Aplicada y Tecnología Avanzada Campus Querétaro, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, 76090, Querétaro, Mexico
| | | | - Gildardo Rivera
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Farmacéutica, Centro de Biotecnología Genómica, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, 88710, Reynosa, Mexico
| | - Pedro Vázquez
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencia Aplicada y Tecnología Avanzada Campus Querétaro, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, 76090, Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Gonzalo Velazquez
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencia Aplicada y Tecnología Avanzada Campus Querétaro, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, 76090, Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Alma Paz-González
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Farmacéutica, Centro de Biotecnología Genómica, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, 88710, Reynosa, Mexico
| | - Regina Hernández-Gama
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencia Aplicada y Tecnología Avanzada Campus Querétaro, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, 76090, Querétaro, Mexico.
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19
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Noll P, Treinen C, Müller S, Lilge L, Hausmann R, Henkel M. Exploiting RNA thermometer-driven molecular bioprocess control as a concept for heterologous rhamnolipid production. Sci Rep 2021; 11:14802. [PMID: 34285304 PMCID: PMC8292423 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-94400-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A key challenge to advance the efficiency of bioprocesses is the uncoupling of biomass from product formation, as biomass represents a by-product that is in most cases difficult to recycle efficiently. Using the example of rhamnolipid biosurfactants, a temperature-sensitive heterologous production system under translation control of a fourU RNA thermometer from Salmonella was established to allow separating phases of preferred growth from product formation. Rhamnolipids as bulk chemicals represent a model system for future processes of industrial biotechnology and are therefore tied to the efficiency requirements in competition with the chemical industry. Experimental data confirms function of the RNA thermometer and suggests a major effect of temperature on specific rhamnolipid production rates with an increase of the average production rate by a factor of 11 between 25 and 38 °C, while the major part of this increase is attributable to the regulatory effect of the RNA thermometer rather than an unspecific overall increase in bacterial metabolism. The production capacity of the developed temperature sensitive-system was evaluated in a simple batch process driven by a temperature switch. Product formation was evaluated by efficiency parameters and yields, confirming increased product formation rates and product-per-biomass yields compared to a high titer heterologous rhamnolipid production process from literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Noll
- Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology, Department of Bioprocess Engineering (150K), University of Hohenheim, Fruwirthstr. 12, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Chantal Treinen
- Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology, Department of Bioprocess Engineering (150K), University of Hohenheim, Fruwirthstr. 12, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Sven Müller
- Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology, Department of Bioprocess Engineering (150K), University of Hohenheim, Fruwirthstr. 12, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Lars Lilge
- Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology, Department of Bioprocess Engineering (150K), University of Hohenheim, Fruwirthstr. 12, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Rudolf Hausmann
- Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology, Department of Bioprocess Engineering (150K), University of Hohenheim, Fruwirthstr. 12, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Marius Henkel
- Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology, Department of Bioprocess Engineering (150K), University of Hohenheim, Fruwirthstr. 12, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany.
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20
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Hoffmann M, Mück D, Grossmann L, Greiner L, Klausmann P, Henkel M, Lilge L, Weiss J, Hausmann R. Surfactin from Bacillus subtilis displays promising characteristics as O/W-emulsifier for food formulations. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2021; 203:111749. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2021.111749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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21
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Klausmann P, Hennemann K, Hoffmann M, Treinen C, Aschern M, Lilge L, Morabbi Heravi K, Henkel M, Hausmann R. Bacillus subtilis High Cell Density Fermentation Using a Sporulation-Deficient Strain for the Production of Surfactin. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 105:4141-4151. [PMID: 33991199 PMCID: PMC8140969 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11330-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Abstract Bacillus subtilis 3NA is a strain capable of reaching high cell densities. A surfactin producing sfp+ variant of this strain, named JABs32, was utilized in fed-batch cultivation processes. Both a glucose and an ammonia solution were fed to set a steady growth rate μ of 0.1 h-1. In this process, a cell dry weight of up to 88 g L-1 was reached after 38 h of cultivation, and surfactin titers of up to 26.5 g L-1 were detected in this high cell density fermentation process, achieving a YP/X value of 0.23 g g-1 as well as a qP/X of 0.007 g g-1 h-1. In sum, a 21-fold increase in surfactin titer was obtained compared with cultivations in shake flasks. In contrast to fed-batch operations using Bacillus subtilis JABs24, an sfp+ variant derived from B. subtilis 168, JABs32, reached an up to fourfold increase in surfactin titers using the same fed-batch protocol. Additionally, a two-stage feed process was established utilizing strain JABs32. Using an optimized mineral salt medium in this high cell density fermentation approach, after 31 h of cultivation, surfactin titers of 23.7 g L-1 were reached with a biomass concentration of 41.3 g L-1, thus achieving an enhanced YP/X value of 0.57 g g-1 as well as a qP/X of 0.018 g g-1 h-1. The mutation of spo0A locus and an elongation of AbrB in the strain utilized in combination with a high cell density fed-batch process represents a promising new route for future enhancements on surfactin production. Key points • Utilization of a sporulation deficient strain for fed-batch operations • High cell density process with Bacillus subtilis for lipopeptide production was established • High titer surfactin production capabilities confirm highly promising future platform strain
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Klausmann
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering (150 k), Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology (150), University of Hohenheim, Fruwirthstr. 12, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Katja Hennemann
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering (150 k), Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology (150), University of Hohenheim, Fruwirthstr. 12, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Mareen Hoffmann
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering (150 k), Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology (150), University of Hohenheim, Fruwirthstr. 12, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Chantal Treinen
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering (150 k), Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology (150), University of Hohenheim, Fruwirthstr. 12, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Moritz Aschern
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering (150 k), Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology (150), University of Hohenheim, Fruwirthstr. 12, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Lars Lilge
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering (150 k), Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology (150), University of Hohenheim, Fruwirthstr. 12, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Kambiz Morabbi Heravi
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering (150 k), Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology (150), University of Hohenheim, Fruwirthstr. 12, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Marius Henkel
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering (150 k), Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology (150), University of Hohenheim, Fruwirthstr. 12, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Rudolf Hausmann
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering (150 k), Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology (150), University of Hohenheim, Fruwirthstr. 12, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany
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22
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Hoffmann M, Braig A, Fernandez Cano Luna DS, Rief K, Becker P, Treinen C, Klausmann P, Morabbi Heravi K, Henkel M, Lilge L, Hausmann R. Evaluation of an oxygen-dependent self-inducible surfactin synthesis in B. subtilis by substitution of native promoter P srfA by anaerobically active P narG and P nasD. AMB Express 2021; 11:57. [PMID: 33876328 PMCID: PMC8055807 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-021-01218-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
A novel approach targeting self-inducible surfactin synthesis under oxygen-limited conditions is presented. Because both the nitrate (NarGHI) and nitrite (NasDE) reductase are highly expressed during anaerobic growth of B. subtilis, the native promoter PsrfA of the surfactin operon in strain B. subtilis JABs24 was replaced by promoters PnarG and PnasD to induce surfactin synthesis anaerobically. Shake flask cultivations with varying oxygen availabilities indicated no significant differences in native PsrfA expression. As hypothesized, activity of PnarG and PnasD increased with lower oxygen levels and surfactin was not produced by PsrfA::PnarG as well as PsrfA::PnasD mutant strains under conditions with highest oxygen availability. PnarG showed expressions similar to PsrfA at lowest oxygen availability, while maximum value of PnasD was more than 5.5-fold higher. Although the promoter exchange PsrfA::PnarG resulted in a decreased surfactin titer at lowest oxygen availability, the strain carrying PsrfA::PnasD reached a 1.4-fold increased surfactin concentration with 696 mg/L and revealed an exceptional high overall YP/X of 1.007 g/g. This value also surpassed the YP/X of the reference strain JABs24 at highest and moderate oxygen availability. Bioreactor cultivations illustrated that significant cell lysis occurred when the process of "anaerobization" was performed too fast. However, processes with a constantly low agitation and aeration rate showed promising potential for process improvement, especially by employing the strain carrying PsrfA::PnasD promoter exchange. Additionally, replacement of other native promoters by nitrite reductase promoter PnasD represents a promising tool for anaerobic-inducible bioprocesses in Bacillus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mareen Hoffmann
- Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology (150), Department of Bioprocess Engineering (150k), University of Hohenheim, Fruwirthstr. 12, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Alina Braig
- Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology (150), Department of Bioprocess Engineering (150k), University of Hohenheim, Fruwirthstr. 12, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Diana Stephanie Fernandez Cano Luna
- Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology (150), Department of Bioprocess Engineering (150k), University of Hohenheim, Fruwirthstr. 12, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Katharina Rief
- Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology (150), Department of Bioprocess Engineering (150k), University of Hohenheim, Fruwirthstr. 12, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Philipp Becker
- Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology (150), Department of Bioprocess Engineering (150k), University of Hohenheim, Fruwirthstr. 12, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Chantal Treinen
- Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology (150), Department of Bioprocess Engineering (150k), University of Hohenheim, Fruwirthstr. 12, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Peter Klausmann
- Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology (150), Department of Bioprocess Engineering (150k), University of Hohenheim, Fruwirthstr. 12, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Kambiz Morabbi Heravi
- Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology (150), Department of Bioprocess Engineering (150k), University of Hohenheim, Fruwirthstr. 12, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Marius Henkel
- Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology (150), Department of Bioprocess Engineering (150k), University of Hohenheim, Fruwirthstr. 12, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Lars Lilge
- Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology (150), Department of Bioprocess Engineering (150k), University of Hohenheim, Fruwirthstr. 12, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Rudolf Hausmann
- Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology (150), Department of Bioprocess Engineering (150k), University of Hohenheim, Fruwirthstr. 12, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany
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23
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Soberón‐Chávez G, González‐Valdez A, Soto‐Aceves MP, Cocotl‐Yañez M. Rhamnolipids produced by Pseudomonas: from molecular genetics to the market. Microb Biotechnol 2021; 14:136-146. [PMID: 33151628 PMCID: PMC7888470 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.13700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhamnolipids are biosurfactants with a wide range of industrial applications that entered into the market a decade ago. They are naturally produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa and some Burkholderia species. Occasionally, some strains of different bacterial species, like Pseudomonas chlororaphis NRRL B-30761, which have acquired RL-producing ability by horizontal gene transfer, have been described. P. aeruginosa, the ubiquitous opportunistic pathogenic bacterium, is the best rhamnolipids producer, but Pseudomonas putida has been used as heterologous host for the production of this biosurfactant with relatively good yields. The molecular genetics of rhamnolipids production by P. aeruginosa has been widely studied not only due to the interest in developing overproducing strains, but because it is coordinately regulated with the expression of different virulence-related traits by the quorum-sensing response. Here, we highlight how the research of the molecular mechanisms involved in rhamnolipid production have impacted the development of strains that are suitable for industrial production of this biosurfactant, as well as some perspectives to improve these industrial useful strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Soberón‐Chávez
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y BiotecnologíaInstituto de Investigaciones BiomédicasUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoCiudad Universitaria, CDMXCoyoacanMéxico
| | - Abigail González‐Valdez
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y BiotecnologíaInstituto de Investigaciones BiomédicasUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoCiudad Universitaria, CDMXCoyoacanMéxico
| | - Martín P. Soto‐Aceves
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y BiotecnologíaInstituto de Investigaciones BiomédicasUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoCiudad Universitaria, CDMXCoyoacanMéxico
| | - Miguel Cocotl‐Yañez
- Departamento de Microbiología y ParasitologíaFacultad de MedicinaUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoCiudad Universitaria, CDMXCoyoacanMéxico
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24
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Varjani S, Rakholiya P, Yong Ng H, Taherzadeh MJ, Hao Ngo H, Chang JS, Wong JWC, You S, Teixeira JA, Bui XT. Bio-based rhamnolipids production and recovery from waste streams: Status and perspectives. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 319:124213. [PMID: 33254448 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.124213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Bio-based rhamnolipid production from waste streams is gaining momentum nowadays because of increasing market demand, huge range of applications and its economic and environment friendly nature. Rhamnolipid type biosurfactants are produced by microorganisms as secondary metabolites and have been used to reduce surface/interfacial tension between two different phases. Biosurfactants have been reported to be used as an alternative to chemical surfactants. Pseudomonas sp. has been frequently used for production of rhamnolipid. Various wastes can be used in production of rhamnolipid. Rhamnolipids are widely used in various industrial applications. The present review provides information about structure and nature of rhamnolipid, production using different waste materials and scale-up of rhamnolipid production. It also provides comprehensive literature on various industrial applications along with perspectives and challenges in this research area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunita Varjani
- Gujarat Pollution Control Board, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382 010, India.
| | - Parita Rakholiya
- Gujarat Pollution Control Board, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382 010, India; Kadi Sarva Vishwavidyalaya, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382015, India
| | - How Yong Ng
- National University of Singapore Environmental Research Institute, 5A Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117411, Singapore
| | | | - Huu Hao Ngo
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Jo-Shu Chang
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jonathan W C Wong
- Institute of Bioresource and Agriculture, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong
| | - Siming You
- James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Jose A Teixeira
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, 4710057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Xuan-Thanh Bui
- Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT), Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Viet Nam; Key Laboratory of Advanced Waste Treatment Technology, Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh (VNU-HCM), Linh Trung ward, Thu Duc district, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Viet Nam
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Blesken CC, Strümpfler T, Tiso T, Blank LM. Uncoupling Foam Fractionation and Foam Adsorption for Enhanced Biosurfactant Synthesis and Recovery. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8122029. [PMID: 33353027 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8122029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The production of biosurfactants is often hampered by excessive foaming in the bioreactor, impacting system scale-up and downstream processing. Foam fractionation was proposed to tackle this challenge by combining in situ product removal with a pre-purification step. In previous studies, foam fractionation was coupled to bioreactor operation, hence it was operated at suboptimal parameters. Here, we use an external fractionation column to decouple biosurfactant production from foam fractionation, enabling continuous surfactant separation, which is especially suited for system scale-up. As a subsequent product recovery step, continuous foam adsorption was integrated into the process. The configuration is evaluated for rhamnolipid (RL) or 3-(3-hydroxyalkanoyloxy)alkanoic acid (HAA, i.e., RL precursor) production by recombinant non-pathogenic Pseudomonas putida KT2440. Surfactant concentrations of 7.5 gRL/L and 2.0 gHAA/L were obtained in the fractionated foam. 4.7 g RLs and 2.8 g HAAs could be separated in the 2-stage recovery process within 36 h from a 2 L culture volume. With a culture volume scale-up to 9 L, 16 g RLs were adsorbed, and the space-time yield (STY) increased by 31% to 0.21 gRL/L·h. We demonstrate a well-performing process design for biosurfactant production and recovery as a contribution to a vital bioeconomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian C Blesken
- iAMB-Institute of Applied Microbiology, ABBt-Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Tessa Strümpfler
- iAMB-Institute of Applied Microbiology, ABBt-Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Till Tiso
- iAMB-Institute of Applied Microbiology, ABBt-Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Lars M Blank
- iAMB-Institute of Applied Microbiology, ABBt-Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
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Hoffmann M, Fernandez Cano Luna DS, Xiao S, Stegemüller L, Rief K, Heravi KM, Lilge L, Henkel M, Hausmann R. Towards the Anaerobic Production of Surfactin Using Bacillus subtilis. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:554903. [PMID: 33324620 PMCID: PMC7726195 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.554903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The anaerobic growth of B. subtilis to synthesize surfactin poses an alternative strategy to conventional aerobic cultivations. In general, the strong foam formation observed during aerobic processes represents a major obstacle. Anaerobic processes have, amongst others, the distinct advantage that the total bioreactor volume can be exploited as foaming does not occur. Recent studies also reported on promising product per biomass yields. However, anaerobic growth in comparison to aerobic processes has several disadvantages. For example, the overall titers are comparably low and cultivations are time-consuming due to low growth rates. B. subtilis JABs24, a derivate of strain 168 with the ability to synthesize surfactin, was used as model strain in this study. Ammonium and nitrite were hypothesized to negatively influence anaerobic growth. Ammonium with initial concentrations up to 0.2 mol/L was shown to have no significant impact on growth, but increasing concentrations resulted in decreased surfactin titers and reduced nitrate reductase expression. Anaerobic cultivations spiked with increasing nitrite concentrations resulted in prolonged lag-phases. Indeed, growth rates were in a similar range after the lag-phase indicating that nitrite has a neglectable effect on the observed decreasing growth rates. In bioreactor cultivations, the specific growth rate decreased with increasing glucose concentrations during the time course of both batch and fed-batch processes to less than 0.05 1/h. In addition, surfactin titers, overall Y P/X and Y P/S were 53%, ∼42%, and ∼57% lower than in serum flask with 0.190 g/L, 0.344 g/g and 0.015 g/g. The Y X/S, on the contrary, was 30% lower in the serum flask with 0.044 g/g. The productivities q were similar with ∼0.005 g/(g⋅h). However, acetate strongly accumulated during cultivation and was posed as further metabolite that might negatively influence anaerobic growth. Acetate added to anaerobic cultivations in a range from 0 g/L up to 10 g/L resulted in a reduced maximum and overall growth rate μ by 44% and 30%, respectively. To conclude, acetate was identified as a promising target for future process enhancement and strain engineering. Though, the current study demonstrates that the anaerobic cultivation to synthesize surfactin represents a reasonable perspective and feasible alternative to conventional processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mareen Hoffmann
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering (150k), Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology (150), University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | | | - Shengbin Xiao
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering (150k), Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology (150), University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Lars Stegemüller
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering (150k), Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology (150), University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Katharina Rief
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering (150k), Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology (150), University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Kambiz Morabbi Heravi
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering (150k), Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology (150), University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Lars Lilge
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering (150k), Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology (150), University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Marius Henkel
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering (150k), Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology (150), University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Rudolf Hausmann
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering (150k), Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology (150), University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
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Biniarz P, Henkel M, Hausmann R, Łukaszewicz M. Development of a Bioprocess for the Production of Cyclic Lipopeptides Pseudofactins With Efficient Purification From Collected Foam. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:565619. [PMID: 33330412 PMCID: PMC7719756 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.565619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial surfactants (biosurfactants) have gained interest as promising substitutes of synthetic surface-active compounds. However, their production and purification are still challenging, with significant room for efficiency and costs optimization. In this work, we introduce a method for the enhanced production and purification of cyclic lipopeptides pseudofactins (PFs) from Pseudomonas fluorescens BD5 cultures. The method is directly applicable in a technical scale with the possibility of further upscaling. Comparing to the original protocol for production of PFs (cultures in mineral salt medium in shaken flasks followed by solvent-solvent extraction of PFs), our process offers not only ∼24-fold increased productivity, but also easier and more efficient purification. The new process combines high yield of PFs (∼7.2 grams of PFs per 30 L of working volume), with recovery levels of 80–90% and purity of raw PFs up to 60–70%. These were achieved with an innovative, single-step thermal co-precipitation and extraction of PFs directly from collected foam, as a large amount of PF-enriched foam was produced during the bioprocess. Besides we present a protocol for the selective production of PF structural analogs and their separation with high-performance liquid chromatography. Our approach can be potentially utilized in the efficient production and purification of other lipopeptides of Pseudomonas and Bacillus origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Biniarz
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland.,Department of Biotransformation, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Marius Henkel
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering (150 k), Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Rudolf Hausmann
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering (150 k), Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Marcin Łukaszewicz
- Department of Biotransformation, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, Wrocław, Poland
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Azevedo MA, Cerqueira MA, Fuciños P, Silva BFB, Teixeira JA, Pastrana L. Rhamnolipids-based nanostructured lipid carriers: Effect of lipid phase on physicochemical properties and stability. Food Chem 2020; 344:128670. [PMID: 33272755 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.128670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In this work rhamnolipids were evaluated as surfactants for the production of nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs). NLCs were produced by melt-emulsification using ultra-homogenisation followed by ultrasonication and different ratios of medium-chain-triglycerides and glycerol monostearate (lipid phase) were tested. NLCs presented sizes and polydispersity index values ranged between 97 and 120 nm and 0.20-0.26, respectively. Transmission electron microscopy observations confirmed the size and the spherical morphology of the NLCs. The thermal analysis and X-ray diffraction showed that the amount of solid lipid (glycerol monostearate) influences the melting, crystallisation and enthalpy of NLCs and their degree of crystallinity. Results showed that NLCs were more stable at 4 °C and the best formulation (1% of water phase, 0.05% of biosurfactant and solid:liquid ratio of 10:90) was stable for 30 days. This work showed the possibility of using rhamnolipids to produce NLCs and represent an important step for the development of lipid-based nanosystems using biosurfactants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria A Azevedo
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Av. Mestre Jose Veiga, 4715-330 Braga, Portugal; Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Miguel A Cerqueira
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Av. Mestre Jose Veiga, 4715-330 Braga, Portugal.
| | - Pablo Fuciños
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Av. Mestre Jose Veiga, 4715-330 Braga, Portugal
| | - Bruno F B Silva
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Av. Mestre Jose Veiga, 4715-330 Braga, Portugal
| | - José A Teixeira
- Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Lorenzo Pastrana
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Av. Mestre Jose Veiga, 4715-330 Braga, Portugal
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Herzog M, Tiso T, Blank LM, Winter R. Interaction of rhamnolipids with model biomembranes of varying complexity. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2020; 1862:183431. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2020.183431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Nayak NS, Purohit MS, Tipre DR, Dave SR. Biosurfactant production and engine oil degradation by marine halotolerant Bacillus licheniformis LRK1. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2020.101808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Tiso T, Ihling N, Kubicki S, Biselli A, Schonhoff A, Bator I, Thies S, Karmainski T, Kruth S, Willenbrink AL, Loeschcke A, Zapp P, Jupke A, Jaeger KE, Büchs J, Blank LM. Integration of Genetic and Process Engineering for Optimized Rhamnolipid Production Using Pseudomonas putida. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:976. [PMID: 32974309 PMCID: PMC7468518 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhamnolipids are biosurfactants produced by microorganisms with the potential to replace synthetic compounds with petrochemical origin. To promote industrial use of rhamnolipids, recombinant rhamnolipid production from sugars needs to be intensified. Since this remains challenging, the aim of the presented research is to utilize a multidisciplinary approach to take a step toward developing a sustainable rhamnolipid production process. Here, we developed expression cassettes for stable integration of the rhamnolipid biosynthesis genes into the genome outperformed plasmid-based expression systems. Furthermore, the genetic stability of the production strain was improved by using an inducible promoter. To enhance rhamnolipid synthesis, energy- and/or carbon-consuming traits were removed: mutants negative for the synthesis of the flagellar machinery or the storage polymer PHA showed increased production by 50%. Variation of time of induction resulted in an 18% increase in titers. A scale-up from shake flasks was carried out using a 1-L bioreactor. By recycling of the foam, biomass loss could be minimized and a rhamnolipid titer of up to 1.5 g/L was achieved without using mechanical foam destroyers or antifoaming agents. Subsequent liquid-liquid extraction was optimized by using a suitable minimal medium during fermentation to reduce undesired interphase formation. A technical-scale production process was designed and evaluated by a life-cycle assessment (LCA). Different process chains and their specific environmental impact were examined. It was found that next to biomass supply, the fermentation had the biggest environmental impact. The present work underlines the need for multidisciplinary approaches to address the challenges associated with achieving sustainable production of microbial secondary metabolites. The results are discussed in the context of the challenges of microbial biosurfactant production using hydrophilic substrates on an industrial scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Till Tiso
- iAMB – Institute of Applied Microbiology, ABBt – Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- Bioeconomy Science Center (BioSC), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
| | - Nina Ihling
- Bioeconomy Science Center (BioSC), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
- Chair of Biochemical Engineering (AVT.BioVT), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Sonja Kubicki
- Bioeconomy Science Center (BioSC), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
- Institute of Molecular Enzyme Technology, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Andreas Biselli
- Bioeconomy Science Center (BioSC), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
- Fluid Process Engineering (AVT.FVT), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Andreas Schonhoff
- Bioeconomy Science Center (BioSC), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
- Institute of Energy and Climate Research – Systems Analysis and Technology Evaluation (IEK-STE), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
| | - Isabel Bator
- iAMB – Institute of Applied Microbiology, ABBt – Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- Bioeconomy Science Center (BioSC), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
| | - Stephan Thies
- Bioeconomy Science Center (BioSC), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
- Institute of Molecular Enzyme Technology, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Tobias Karmainski
- iAMB – Institute of Applied Microbiology, ABBt – Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- Bioeconomy Science Center (BioSC), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
| | - Sebastian Kruth
- iAMB – Institute of Applied Microbiology, ABBt – Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- Bioeconomy Science Center (BioSC), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
| | - Anna-Lena Willenbrink
- Bioeconomy Science Center (BioSC), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
- Fluid Process Engineering (AVT.FVT), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Anita Loeschcke
- Bioeconomy Science Center (BioSC), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
- Institute of Molecular Enzyme Technology, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Petra Zapp
- Bioeconomy Science Center (BioSC), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
- Institute of Energy and Climate Research – Systems Analysis and Technology Evaluation (IEK-STE), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
| | - Andreas Jupke
- Bioeconomy Science Center (BioSC), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
- Fluid Process Engineering (AVT.FVT), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Karl-Erich Jaeger
- Bioeconomy Science Center (BioSC), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
- Institute of Molecular Enzyme Technology, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences IBG 1: Biotechnology, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
| | - Jochen Büchs
- Bioeconomy Science Center (BioSC), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
- Chair of Biochemical Engineering (AVT.BioVT), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Lars M. Blank
- iAMB – Institute of Applied Microbiology, ABBt – Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- Bioeconomy Science Center (BioSC), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
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Effects of Biosurfactants on Enzymatic Saccharification and Fermentation of Pretreated Softwood. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25163559. [PMID: 32764287 PMCID: PMC7465028 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25163559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose is inhibited by non-productive adsorption of cellulases to lignin, and that is particularly problematic with lignin-rich materials such as softwood. Although conventional surfactants alleviate non-productive adsorption, using biosurfactants in softwood hydrolysis has not been reported. In this study, the effects of four biosurfactants, namely horse-chestnut escin, Pseudomonas aeruginosa rhamnolipid, and saponins from red and white quinoa varieties, on the enzymatic saccharification of steam-pretreated spruce were investigated. The used biosurfactants improved hydrolysis, and the best-performing one was escin, which led to cellulose conversions above 90%, decreased by around two-thirds lignin inhibition of Avicel hydrolysis, and improved hydrolysis of pretreated spruce by 24%. Red quinoa saponins (RQS) addition resulted in cellulose conversions above 80%, which was around 16% higher than without biosurfactants, and it was more effective than adding rhamnolipid or white quinoa saponins. Cellulose conversion improved with the increase in RQS addition up to 6 g/100 g biomass, but no significant changes were observed above that dosage. Although saponins are known to inhibit yeast growth, no inhibition of Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation of hydrolysates produced with RQS addition was detected. This study shows the potential of biosurfactants for enhancing the enzymatic hydrolysis of steam-pretreated softwood.
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Durval IJB, Mendonça AHR, Rocha IV, Luna JM, Rufino RD, Converti A, Sarubbo LA. Production, characterization, evaluation and toxicity assessment of a Bacillus cereus UCP 1615 biosurfactant for marine oil spills bioremediation. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2020; 157:111357. [PMID: 32658706 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.111357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
In this study, Bacillus cereus was cultivated in a mineral medium composed of 2% frying oil and 0.12% peptone to produce a biosurfactant. The production was scaled up from flasks to 1.2-, 3.0- and 50-L bioreactors, where surface tension achieved 28.7, 27.5 and 32 mN/m and biosurfactant concentration 4.3, 4.6 and 4.7 g/L, respectively. The biosurfactant was characterized as anionic, while nuclear magnetic resonance, thin-layer chromatography and gas chromatography analyses revealed its lipopeptide nature. Toxicity tests showed survival rates of the fish Poecilia vivipara and the bivalve Anomalocardia brasiliana higher than 90% and 55%, respectively, thus suggesting the use of this biosurfactant in marine environment depollution. Moreover, the biosurfactant stimulated the growth of autochthonous microorganisms independently of the presence of motor oil in bioassays performed in seawater. These results demonstrate that the biosurfactant is biocompatible and has potential for industrial-scale production and application to bioremediation of oil spills-polluted marine environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Italo José B Durval
- Northeast Biotechnology Network (RENORBIO), Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Rua Dom Manoel de Medeiros, s/n, Dois Irmãos, 52171-900 Recife, PE, Brazil; Advanced Institute of Technology and Innovation (IATI), Rua Joaquim de Brito, n. 216, Boa Vista, 50070-280 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Ana Helena R Mendonça
- Catholic University of Pernambuco, Rua do Príncipe, n. 526, Boa Vista, 50050-900 Recife, PE, Brazil; Advanced Institute of Technology and Innovation (IATI), Rua Joaquim de Brito, n. 216, Boa Vista, 50070-280 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Igor V Rocha
- Department of Microbiology, Aggeu Magalhães Research Center, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, CPqAM/Fiocruz, Av. Professor Moraes Rego, s/n, Cidade Universitária, 50670-420 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Juliana M Luna
- Catholic University of Pernambuco, Rua do Príncipe, n. 526, Boa Vista, 50050-900 Recife, PE, Brazil; Advanced Institute of Technology and Innovation (IATI), Rua Joaquim de Brito, n. 216, Boa Vista, 50070-280 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Raquel D Rufino
- Catholic University of Pernambuco, Rua do Príncipe, n. 526, Boa Vista, 50050-900 Recife, PE, Brazil; Advanced Institute of Technology and Innovation (IATI), Rua Joaquim de Brito, n. 216, Boa Vista, 50070-280 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - A Converti
- Department of Civil, Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Genoa University, Pole of Chemical Engineering, Via Opera Pia 15, I-16145 Genova, Italy
| | - L A Sarubbo
- Catholic University of Pernambuco, Rua do Príncipe, n. 526, Boa Vista, 50050-900 Recife, PE, Brazil; Advanced Institute of Technology and Innovation (IATI), Rua Joaquim de Brito, n. 216, Boa Vista, 50070-280 Recife, PE, Brazil.
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Xylose-Inducible Promoter Tools for Pseudomonas Species and Their Use in Implicating a Role for the Type II Secretion System Protein XcpQ in the Inhibition of Corneal Epithelial Wound Closure. Appl Environ Microbiol 2020; 86:AEM.00250-20. [PMID: 32414795 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00250-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Tunable control of gene expression is an invaluable tool for biological experiments. In this study, we describe a new xylose-inducible promoter system and evaluate it in both Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Pseudomonas fluorescens The Pxut promoter, derived from the P. fluorescens xut operon, was incorporated into a broad-host-range pBBR1-based plasmid and was compared to the Escherichia coli-derived PBAD promoter using gfp as a reporter. Green fluorescent protein (GFP) fluorescence from the Pxut promoter was inducible in both Pseudomonas species, but not in E. coli, which may facilitate the cloning of genes toxic to E. coli to generate plasmids. The Pxut promoter was activated at a lower inducer concentration than PBAD in P. fluorescens, and higher gfp levels were achieved using Pxut Flow cytometry analysis indicated that Pxut was leakier than PBAD in the Pseudomonas species tested but was expressed in a higher proportion of cells when induced. d-Xylose as a sole carbon source did not support the growth of P. aeruginosa or P. fluorescens and is less expensive than many other commonly used inducers, which could facilitate large-scale applications. The efficacy of this system was demonstrated by its use to reveal a role for the P. aeruginosa type II secretion system gene xcpQ in bacterial inhibition of corneal epithelial cell wound closure. This study introduces a new inducible promoter system for gene expression for use in Pseudomonas species.IMPORTANCE Pseudomonas species are enormously important in human infections, in biotechnology, and as model systems for investigating basic science questions. In this study, we have developed a xylose-inducible promoter system, evaluated it in P. aeruginosa and P. fluorescens, and found it to be suitable for the strong induction of gene expression. Furthermore, we have demonstrated its efficacy in controlled gene expression to show that a type II secretion system protein from P. aeruginosa, XcpQ, is important for host-pathogen interactions in a corneal wound closure model.
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Silva IA, Veras BO, Ribeiro BG, Aguiar JS, Campos Guerra JM, Luna JM, Sarubbo LA. Production of cupcake-like dessert containing microbial biosurfactant as an emulsifier. PeerJ 2020; 8:e9064. [PMID: 32351793 PMCID: PMC7183308 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.9064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
This work describes the application of the biosurfactant from Candida bombicola URM 3718 as a meal additive like cupcake. The biosurfactant was produced in a culture medium containing 5% sugar cane molasses, 5% residual soybean oil and 3% corn steep liquor. The surface and interfacial tension of the biosurfactant were 30.790 ± 0.04 mN/m and 0.730 ± 0.05 mN/m, respectively. The yield in isolated biosurfactant was 25 ± 1.02 g/L and the CMC was 0.5 g/L. The emulsions of the isolated biosurfactant with vegetable oils showed satisfactory results. The microphotographs of the emulsions showed that increasing the concentration of biosurfactant decreased the oil droplets, increasing the stability of the emulsions. The biosurfactant was incorporated into the cupcake dessert formulation, replacing 50%, 75% and 100% of the vegetable fat in the standard formulation. Thermal analysis showed that the biosurfactant is stable for cooking cupcakes (180 °C). The biosurfactant proved to be promising for application in foods low in antioxidants and did not show cytotoxic potential in the tested cell lines. Cupcakes with biosurfactant incorporated in their dough did not show significant differences in physical and physical–chemical properties after baking when compared to the standard formulation. In this way, the biosurfactant has potential for application in the food industry as an emulsifier for flour dessert.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivison A Silva
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil.,Instituto Avançado de Tecnologia e Inovação (IATI), Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Bruno O Veras
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Juliana M Luna
- Instituto Avançado de Tecnologia e Inovação (IATI), Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil.,Universidade Católica de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Leonie A Sarubbo
- Instituto Avançado de Tecnologia e Inovação (IATI), Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil.,Universidade Católica de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
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He S, Ni Y, Lu L, Chai Q, Yu T, Shen Z, Yang C. Simultaneous degradation of n-hexane and production of biosurfactants by Pseudomonas sp. strain NEE2 isolated from oil-contaminated soils. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 242:125237. [PMID: 31896179 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The presence of surfactants in biofilters could enhance hydrophobic VOC removal. In this study, blood agar plate, methylene blue agar plate and a culture with n-hexane as the only carbon source were used to screen strains that could biodegrade n-hexane and produce biosurfactants simultaneously. The effects of n-hexane concentration on n-hexane removal and biosurfactant production were also investigated. Results showed that such a strain identified to be Pseudomonas sp. Strain NEE2 was successfully isolated from oil-polluted soils. The biosurfactants production by this strain were dependent on the initial concentration of n-hexane (132-2640 mg/L). At the concentration of 2640 mg/L of n-hexane, the biosurfactants promoted n-hexane removal. At 132 mg/L of n-hexane, n-hexane removal efficiency on day 2 exceeded 60%. The synergistic mechanisms of n-hexane removal and biosurfactant production by Pseudomonas sp. Strain NEE2 were discussed including the enhanced mass transfer from gas to liquid phase, within the biofilm phase and biodegradation at the presence of biosurfactants as well as the consequently enhanced production of the biosurfactants. These results in this study proved that it is possible for microorganisms utilizing the synergistic effect of hydrophobic VOC degradation and biosurfactant production for cost-effective hydrophobic VOC removal in biofilters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanying He
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Recycling, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310018, China
| | - Yaoqi Ni
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Recycling, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310018, China
| | - Li Lu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Recycling, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310018, China.
| | - Qiwei Chai
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Recycling, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310018, China
| | - Tao Yu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Recycling, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310018, China
| | - Zhiqiang Shen
- Research Center of Water Pollution Control Technology, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Chunping Yang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Recycling, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310018, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Pollution Process and Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming, Guangdong, 525000, China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, China.
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37
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Hydrolysis of surfactin over activated carbon. Bioorg Chem 2019; 93:102896. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2019.03.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Revised: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Genome Shuffling of Bacillus velezensis for Enhanced Surfactin Production and Variation Analysis. Curr Microbiol 2019; 77:71-78. [DOI: 10.1007/s00284-019-01807-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Ostendorf TA, Silva IA, Converti A, Sarubbo LA. Production and formulation of a new low-cost biosurfactant to remediate oil-contaminated seawater. J Biotechnol 2019; 295:71-79. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2019.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Revised: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Madrid F, Ballesteros R, Lacorte S, Villaverde J, Morillo E. Extraction of PAHS from an aged creosote-polluted soil by cyclodextrins and rhamnolipids. Side effects on removal and availability of potentially toxic elements. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 653:384-392. [PMID: 30412883 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.10.316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Revised: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the effect of several cyclodextrins (CDs) and a rhamnolipid (RL) on the removal of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from a co-contaminated soil which had received historically creosote and inorganic wood preservatives for almost 100 years, and the effect of such extractions on the potentially toxic elements (PTEs). The influence on such processes of an electrolyte (0.01 M Ca(NO3)2) was also studied. Up to 15.4% of the ∑16 PAHs were extracted using RL in the absence of the electrolyte as washing solution, but decreases until reaching 0.60% in the presence of Ca2+ due to RL precipitation and partial inactivation. Only up to 2% of the ∑16 PAHs was extracted with CDs (4-ring PAHs in higher concentrations), but the electrolyte had no effect on extraction. In relation to PTEs, CDs proved to be inefficient for their extraction, and even RL in the presence of the background electrolyte. But in the absence of electrolyte PTEs extraction by RL increased. Apart from that, the availability of Ni, Cr, and As, those more associated to Fe and Al soil surfaces, increased after extraction with RLs in the presence of Ca2+ (about 100% for Cr and Ni and 200% for As). Under these conditions Fe and Al availability increased two- and ten-fold, respectively, indicating that Fe-Al soil surfaces were altered. Therefore, the ionic strength and the cations present in the soil solution of soils have to be considered when RLs are used as extractants for remediation purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Madrid
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla (IRNAS-CSIC), Apdo. 1052, 41080 Sevilla, Spain.
| | - Rubén Ballesteros
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, Jordi Girona, 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Silvia Lacorte
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, Jordi Girona, 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Jaime Villaverde
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla (IRNAS-CSIC), Apdo. 1052, 41080 Sevilla, Spain.
| | - Esmeralda Morillo
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla (IRNAS-CSIC), Apdo. 1052, 41080 Sevilla, Spain.
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42
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Wang J, Guo R, Wang W, Ma G, Li S. Insight into the surfactin production of Bacillus velezensis B006 through metabolomics analysis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 45:1033-1044. [PMID: 30203399 DOI: 10.1007/s10295-018-2076-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Bacillus velezensis B006 is a biocontrol agent which functions through effective colonization and surfactin production. To reveal the surfactin-producing mechanism, gas chromatography–mass spectrometry based untargeted metabolomics was performed to compare the metabolite profiles of strain B006 grown in industrial media M3 and M4. Based on the statistical and pathway topology analyses, a total of 31 metabolites with a fold change of less than − 1.0 were screened as the significantly altered metabolites, which distributed in 15 metabolic pathways. Fourteen amino acids involving in the metabolisms of alanine/aspartate/glutamate, glycine/serine/threonine, arginine/proline, glutathione/cysteine/methionine and valine/leucine/isoleucine as well as succinic acid in TCA cycle were identified to be the hub metabolites. Aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis, glycerolipid metabolism, and pantothenate/CoA biosynthesis also contributed to surfactin production. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to investigate the metabolic pathways of B. velezensis on surfactin production, and will benefit the optimization of commercial fermentation for higher surfactin yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junqiang Wang
- grid.464356.6 Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road 100193 Beijing China
- Jiangsu Frey Agrochemicals Co. Ltd 222005 Lianyungang Jiangsu China
| | - Rongjun Guo
- grid.464356.6 Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road 100193 Beijing China
| | - Wenchao Wang
- Shanghai ProfLeader Biotech Co. Ltd 200231 Shanghai China
| | - Guizhen Ma
- 0000 0004 1800 0658 grid.443480.f School of Chemical Engineering Huaihai Institute of Technology 222005 Lianyungang Jiangsu China
| | - Shidong Li
- grid.464356.6 Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road 100193 Beijing China
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Janek T, Krasowska A, Czyżnikowska Ż, Łukaszewicz M. Trehalose Lipid Biosurfactant Reduces Adhesion of Microbial Pathogens to Polystyrene and Silicone Surfaces: An Experimental and Computational Approach. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:2441. [PMID: 30386313 PMCID: PMC6198247 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhodococcus fascians BD8, isolated from Arctic soil, was found to produce biosurfactant when grown on n-hexadecane as the sole carbon source. The glycolipid product was identified as the trehalose lipid with a molecular mass of 848 g mol-1. The purified biosurfactant reduced the surface tension of water from 72 to 34 mN m-1. The critical micelle concentration of trehalose lipid was 0.140 mg mL-1. To examine its potential for biomedical applications, the antimicrobial and antiadhesive activity of the biosurfactant was evaluated against several pathogenic microorganisms. Trehalose lipid showed antimicrobial activity against resistant pathogens. The largest antimicrobial activities of trehalose lipid were observed against Vibrio harveyi and Proteus vulgaris. The highest concentration tested (0.5 mg mL-1) caused a partial (11-34%) inhibition of other Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and 30% inhibition of Candida albicans growth. The trehalose lipid also showed significant antiadhesive properties against all of the tested microorganisms to polystyrene surface and silicone urethral catheters. The biosurfactant showed 95 and 70% antiadhesive activity against C. albicans and Escherichia coli, respectively. Finally, the role and application of trehalose lipid as an antiadhesive compound was investigated by the modification of the polystyrene and silicone surfaces. The intermolecular interaction energy calculations were performed for investigated complexes at the density functional level of theory. The results indicate that the presence of aromatic moieties can be substantial in the stabilization of trehalose lipid-surface complexes. The antimicrobial and antiadhesive activities of trehalose lipid make them promising alternatives to synthetic surfactants in a wide range of medical applications. Based on our findings, we propose that, because of its ability to inhibit microbial colonization of polystyrene and silicone surfaces, trehalose lipid can be used as a surface coating agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Janek
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Anna Krasowska
- Department of Biotransformation, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Żaneta Czyżnikowska
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Marcin Łukaszewicz
- Department of Biotransformation, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland
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44
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Vazquez L, Teixeira da Silva Ferreira A, Cavalcante FS, Garcia IJP, Dos Santos KRN, Barbosa LADO, Almeida MDS, Mignaco JA, Fontes CFL. Properties of novel surfactin-derived biosurfactants obtained through solid-phase synthesis. J Pept Sci 2018; 24:e3129. [PMID: 30325566 DOI: 10.1002/psc.3129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Revised: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Eight molecules, four peptides (SPs) and four lipopeptides (LPs) derived by rational design from surfactin, a well-known secreted biosurfactant from Bacillus subtilis, were produced employing Fmoc-based solid-phase synthesis. These new peptides were tested to evaluate their potential biosurfactant and biological activities, aiming at possible applications in industrial, biological, pharmaceutical, and medical use. Five molecules (SP1, SP2, SP4, LP5, and LP8) presented potential for medical uses, mainly due to their drug delivery properties as suggested by their synergistic activity with the antibiotic vancomycin against Staphylococcus aureus. All synthetic peptides showed low toxicity against Vero cell cultures, in assays of hemolysis, and in different cytotoxicity assays. In addition, we found that three peptides (SP1, LP6, and LP7) had potential technological and industrial use because of their emulsifying capacity, low toxicity, and ability to physically stabilize solutions. These novel molecules retained some properties of the parental molecule (surfactin, which was originally obtained through nonribosomal synthesis in Bacillus subtilis) but have the advantage of being linear peptides, which can be produced at large scales through the use of conventional heterologous protein expression protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Vazquez
- Programa de Biologia Estrutural, Lab. Est. e Reg. de Proteínas e ATPases, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Fernanda Sampaio Cavalcante
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Campus Macaé, Depto. Microbiologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Israel José P Garcia
- Department of Biochemistry, Laboratório de Bioquímica Celular, Universidade Federal de São João del Rei, Campus Centro-Oeste Dona Lindu, São João del Rei, Brazil
| | | | - Leandro Augusto de Oliveira Barbosa
- Department of Biochemistry, Laboratório de Bioquímica Celular, Universidade Federal de São João del Rei, Campus Centro-Oeste Dona Lindu, São João del Rei, Brazil
| | - Marcius da Silva Almeida
- Programa de Biologia Estrutural, Centro Nacional de Biologia Estrutural e Bioimagem (CENABIO), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Julio Alberto Mignaco
- Programa de Biologia Estrutural, Lab. Est. e Reg. de Proteínas e ATPases, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Carlos Frederico Leite Fontes
- Programa de Biologia Estrutural, Lab. Est. e Reg. de Proteínas e ATPases, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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45
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Abstract
Environmental pollution arising from metal(loid)s is a result of industrialization, and has led to serious health issues. Conventional methods of metal(loid) removal often results in generation of secondary waste which is toxic to the environment. Bioremediation in combination with physicochemical techniques offer an excellent and effective means of removal. The use of secondary metabolites and extracellular polymers produced by microorganisms is an effective procedure employed in metal(loid) sequestration and reduction in toxicity of contaminated environments. These biopolymers have different chemical structures and have shown varied selectivity to different metal(loid)s. This review discusses various microbial polymers, their mechanism of metal(loid) removal and their potential application in remediation of contaminated environment.
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46
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Amani H. Application of a Dynamic Method for the Volumetric Mass Transfer Coefficient Determination in the Scale-Up of Rhamnolipid Biosurfactant Production. J SURFACTANTS DETERG 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/jsde.12184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Amani
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering; Babol Noshirvani University of Technology; Babol Iran
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47
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Biniarz P, Coutte F, Gancel F, Łukaszewicz M. High-throughput optimization of medium components and culture conditions for the efficient production of a lipopeptide pseudofactin by Pseudomonas fluorescens BD5. Microb Cell Fact 2018; 17:121. [PMID: 30077177 PMCID: PMC6076405 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-018-0968-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Lipopeptides are a promising group of surface-active compounds of microbial origin (biosurfactants). These diverse molecules are produced mainly by Bacillus and Pseudomonas strains. Because of their attractive physiochemical and biological properties, biosurfactants are considered to be “green and versatile molecules of the future”. The main obstacles in widespread use of biosurfactants are mainly their low yields and high production costs. Pseudofactin (PF) is a lipopeptide produced by Pseudomonas fluorescens BD5. Recently, we identified two analogues, PF1 (C16-Val) and PF2 (C16-Leu), and reported that PF2 has good emulsification and foaming activities, as well as antibacterial, antifungal, anticancer, and antiadhesive properties. Reported production of PF in a mineral salt medium was approximately 10 mg/L. Results Here, we report successful high-throughput optimization of culture medium and conditions for efficient PF production using P. fluorescens BD5. Compared with production in minimal medium, PF yield increased almost 120-fold, up to 1187 ± 13.0 mg/L. Using Plackett–Burman and central composite design methodologies we identified critical factors that are important for efficient PF production, mainly high glycerol concentration, supplementation with amino acids (leucine or valine) and complex additives (e.g. tryptone), as well as high culture aeration. We also detected the shift in a ratio of produced PF analogues in response to supplementation with different amino acids. Leucine strongly induces PF2 production, while valine addition supports PF1 production. We also reported the identification of two new PF analogues: PF3 (C18-Val) and PF4 (C18-Leu). Conclusions Identification of critical culture parameters that are important for lipopeptide production and their high yields can result in reduction of the production costs of these molecules. This may lead to the industrial-scale production of biosurfactants and their widespread use. Moreover, we produced new lipopeptide pure analogues that can be used to investigate the relationship between the structure and biological activity of lipopeptides. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12934-018-0968-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Biniarz
- Department of Biotransformation, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - François Coutte
- Univ. Lille, INRA, ISA, Univ. Artois, Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, EA 7394-ICV Institut Charles Viollette, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Frédérique Gancel
- Univ. Lille, INRA, ISA, Univ. Artois, Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, EA 7394-ICV Institut Charles Viollette, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Marcin Łukaszewicz
- Department of Biotransformation, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383, Wroclaw, Poland.
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48
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Bezerra KGO, Rufino RD, Luna JM, Sarubbo LA. Saponins and microbial biosurfactants: Potential raw materials for the formulation of cosmetics. Biotechnol Prog 2018; 34:1482-1493. [PMID: 30051974 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Revised: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The cosmetic industry is currently one of the fasting growing sections of the economy in many countries. The recent tendency toward the use of cosmetics of a natural origin has driven the industry to seek alternatives to synthetic components in the formulation of products. Biosurfactants are natural compounds that have considerable potential for application in the formulation of safe, effective cosmetics as a replacement for commonly used chemical tensioactive agents. The present review provides essential information on the physicochemical and biological properties of saponins and microbial biosurfactants employed in cosmetic products, with a focus on the use of these natural compounds in shampoos, addressing the current state of research and patents involving biosurfactants for this purpose. The challenges and prospects of this cosmetic application are also discussed. © 2018 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 34:1482-1493, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Káren Gercyane O Bezerra
- Northeastern Network of Biotechnology, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco CEP 52171-900, Brazil.,Advanced Institute of Technology and Innovation (IATI), Recife, Pernambuco CEP 50070-280, Brazil.,Catholic University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco CEP 50050-900, Brazil
| | - Raquel D Rufino
- Advanced Institute of Technology and Innovation (IATI), Recife, Pernambuco CEP 50070-280, Brazil.,Catholic University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco CEP 50050-900, Brazil
| | - Juliana M Luna
- Advanced Institute of Technology and Innovation (IATI), Recife, Pernambuco CEP 50070-280, Brazil.,Catholic University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco CEP 50050-900, Brazil
| | - Leonie A Sarubbo
- Advanced Institute of Technology and Innovation (IATI), Recife, Pernambuco CEP 50070-280, Brazil.,Catholic University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco CEP 50050-900, Brazil
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49
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Rosas-Galván NS, Martínez-Morales F, Marquina-Bahena S, Tinoco-Valencia R, Serrano-Carreón L, Bertrand B, León-Rodríguez R, Guzmán-Aparicio J, Alvaréz-Berber L, Trejo-Hernández MR. Improved production, purification, and characterization of biosurfactants produced by Serratia marcescens SM3 and its isogenic SMRG-5 strain. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2018; 65:690-700. [PMID: 29457659 DOI: 10.1002/bab.1652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the biosurfactants (Bs) production of two Serratia marcescens strains (SM3 and its isogenic SMRG-5 strain) was improved and the tenso-active agents were purified and characterized. A 23 factorial design was used to evaluate the effect of nitrogen and carbon sources on the surface tension (ST) reduction and emulsion index (EI24 ) of the produced Bs. Optimum Bs production by SM3 was achieved at high concentrations of carbon and nitrogen, reducing ST to 26.5 ± 0.28 dynes/cm, with an EI24 of 79.9 ± 0.2%. Meanwhile, the best results for SMRG-5 were obtained at low concentrations, reducing the ST to 25.2 ± 0.2 dynes/cm, with an EI24 of 89.7 ± 0.28%. The optimal conditions for Bs production were scaled up in a 2-L reactor, yielding 4.8 and 5.2 g/L for SM3 and SMRG-5, respectively. Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis revealed the presence of two different lipopeptides (hidrofobic fractions: octadecanoic and hexadecanoic acid for SM3 and SMRG5, respectively). Both strains were capable of benzo [a] pyrene removal (59% after 72 H of culture).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nashbly Sarela Rosas-Galván
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Ambiental, Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, México
| | - Fernando Martínez-Morales
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Ambiental, Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, México
| | - Silvia Marquina-Bahena
- Centro de Investigaciones Químicas, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, México
| | | | | | - Brandt Bertrand
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Ambiental, Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, México
| | - Renato León-Rodríguez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, México
| | | | - Laura Alvaréz-Berber
- Centro de Investigaciones Químicas, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, México
| | - María R Trejo-Hernández
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Ambiental, Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, México
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Wittgens A, Santiago-Schuebel B, Henkel M, Tiso T, Blank LM, Hausmann R, Hofmann D, Wilhelm S, Jaeger KE, Rosenau F. Heterologous production of long-chain rhamnolipids from Burkholderia glumae in Pseudomonas putida—a step forward to tailor-made rhamnolipids. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2017; 102:1229-1239. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-017-8702-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Revised: 12/03/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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