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Maltz-Matyschsyk M, Melchiorre CK, Herbst KW, Hogan AH, Dibble K, O’Sullivan B, Graf J, Jadhav A, Lawrence DA, Lee WT, Carson KJ, Radolf JD, Salazar JC, Lynes MA. Development of a biomarker signature using grating-coupled fluorescence plasmonic microarray for diagnosis of MIS-C. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1066391. [PMID: 37064248 PMCID: PMC10102909 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1066391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) is a rare but serious condition that can develop 4–6 weeks after a school age child becomes infected by SARS-CoV-2. To date, in the United States more than 8,862 cases of MIS-C have been identified and 72 deaths have occurred. This syndrome typically affects children between the ages of 5–13; 57% are Hispanic/Latino/Black/non-Hispanic, 61% of patients are males and 100% have either tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 or had direct contact with someone with COVID-19. Unfortunately, diagnosis of MIS-C is difficult, and delayed diagnosis can lead to cardiogenic shock, intensive care admission, and prolonged hospitalization. There is no validated biomarker for the rapid diagnosis of MIS-C. In this study, we used Grating-coupled Fluorescence Plasmonic (GCFP) microarray technology to develop biomarker signatures in pediatric salvia and serum samples from patients with MIS-C in the United States and Colombia. GCFP measures antibody-antigen interactions at individual regions of interest (ROIs) on a gold-coated diffraction grating sensor chip in a sandwich immunoassay to generate a fluorescent signal based on analyte presence within a sample. Using a microarray printer, we designed a first-generation biosensor chip with the capability of capturing 33 different analytes from 80 μL of sample (saliva or serum). Here, we show potential biomarker signatures in both saliva and serum samples in six patient cohorts. In saliva samples, we noted occasional analyte outliers on the chip within individual samples and were able to compare those samples to 16S RNA microbiome data. These comparisons indicate differences in relative abundance of oral pathogens within those patients. Microsphere Immunoassay (MIA) of immunoglobulin isotypes was also performed on serum samples and revealed MIS-C patients had several COVID antigen-specific immunoglobulins that were significantly higher than other cohorts, thus identifying potential new targets for the second-generation biosensor chip. MIA also identified additional biomarkers for our second-generation chip, verified biomarker signatures generated on the first-generation chip, and aided in second-generation chip optimization. Interestingly, MIS-C samples from the United States had a more diverse and robust signature than the Colombian samples, which was also illustrated in the MIA cytokine data. These observations identify new MIS-C biomarkers and biomarker signatures for each of the cohorts. Ultimately, these tools may represent a potential diagnostic tool for use in the rapid identification of MIS-C.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Clare K. Melchiorre
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States
| | | | - Alexander H. Hogan
- Connecticut Children’s Medical Center, Hartford, CT, United States
- University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, United States
| | - Kristina Dibble
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States
| | - Brandon O’Sullivan
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States
| | - Joerg Graf
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States
| | - Aishwarya Jadhav
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY, United States
| | - David A. Lawrence
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY, United States
- University at Albany School of Public Health, Rensselaer, NY, United States
| | - William T. Lee
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY, United States
- University at Albany School of Public Health, Rensselaer, NY, United States
| | - Kyle J. Carson
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY, United States
| | - Justin D. Radolf
- University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, United States
| | - Juan C. Salazar
- Connecticut Children’s Medical Center, Hartford, CT, United States
- University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, United States
| | - Michael A. Lynes
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States
- *Correspondence: Michael A. Lynes,
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Salama S, Dishisha T, Habib MH, Abdelazem AZ, Bakeer W, Abdel-Latif M, Gaber Y. Enantioselective sulfoxidation using Streptomyces glaucescens GLA.0. RSC Adv 2020; 10:32335-32344. [PMID: 35516510 PMCID: PMC9056634 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra05838f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Asymmetric oxidation of prochiral sulfides is a direct means for production of enantiopure sulfoxides which are important in organic synthesis and the pharmaceutical industry. In the present study, Streptomyces glaucescens GLA.0 was employed for stereoselective oxidation of prochiral sulfides. Growing cells selectively catalyzed the oxidation of phenyl methyl sulfide to the corresponding sulfoxide. Only very little overoxidation was observed, resulting in minor amounts of the unwanted sulfone. Addition of isopropyl alcohol as a co-solvent, time of substrate addition and composition of the reaction media resulted in enhanced phenyl methyl sulfide biotransformation. The concentration of the undesired by-product (sulfone) was as low as 4% through the reaction course under optimal reaction conditions. The results show that S. glaucescens GLA.0 is a promising whole-cell biocatalyst for preparing highly enantiopure (R)-phenyl methyl sulfoxide in high yield (90%) with an enantiomeric excess (ee) exceeding 99%. Application of Streptomyces glaucescens as a whole-cell oxidative biocatalyst without using an external cofactor.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Salama
- Biotechnology and Life Sciences Department
- Faculty of Postgraduate Studies for Advanced Sciences
- Beni-Suef University
- Beni-Suef
- Egypt
| | - Tarek Dishisha
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- Beni-Suef University
- Beni-Suef
- Egypt
| | - Mohamed H. Habib
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- Cairo University
- Cairo
- Egypt
| | - Ahmed Z. Abdelazem
- Biotechnology and Life Sciences Department
- Faculty of Postgraduate Studies for Advanced Sciences
- Beni-Suef University
- Beni-Suef
- Egypt
| | - Walid Bakeer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- Beni-Suef University
- Beni-Suef
- Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Abdel-Latif
- Immunity Division
- Zoology Department
- Faculty of Science
- Beni-Suef University
- Beni-Suef
| | - Yasser Gaber
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- Beni-Suef University
- Beni-Suef
- Egypt
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Foladori P, Bruni L, Tamburini S. Toxicant inhibition in activated sludge: fractionation of the physiological status of bacteria. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2014; 280:758-766. [PMID: 25240645 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2014.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2014] [Revised: 08/27/2014] [Accepted: 09/01/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In wastewater treatment plants the sensitivity of activated sludge to a toxicant depends on the toxicity test chosen, and thus the use of more than one test is suggested. The physiological status of bacteria in response to toxicants was analysed by flow cytometry to distinguish intact, permeabilised, active cells and cells disrupted. Results were compared with respirometry and bioluminescence bioassay (Vibrio fischeri). 3,5-Dichlorophenol (DCP) was used as reference xenobiotic. DCP has a strong effect on cellular integrity, causing an increase in permeabilised and disrupted cells. A reduction of 44-80% of intact cells with 6-30 mgDCP/L for 5h was found. Inhibition of active cells was 25-49%, at 6-30 mgDCP/L for 5h. The bioluminescence bioassay resulted oversensitive to DCP compared to tests based on activated sludge, while oxygen uptake rate was affected similarly to intact cells measured by flow cytometry. Landfill leachate was tested: a detrimental impact on both cellular integrity and enzymatic activity was observed. Reduction of intact cells and active cells was by 32% and 61% respectively after addition of 50% (v/v) of leachate for 5h. The flow cytometry analysis proposed here might be widely applicable in the monitoring of various toxicants and in other aquatic biosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Foladori
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Mechanical Engineering, University of Trento, via Mesiano, 77, 38123 Trento, Italy.
| | - L Bruni
- Agenzia per la Depurazione, Autonomous Province of Trento, via S. Giovanni 36, 38122 Trento, Italy
| | - S Tamburini
- Centre for Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Via delle Regole 101, Mattarello, 38123 Trento, Italy
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Hall M, Bommarius AS. Enantioenriched Compounds via Enzyme-Catalyzed Redox Reactions. Chem Rev 2011; 111:4088-110. [DOI: 10.1021/cr200013n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mélanie Hall
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 315 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Andreas S. Bommarius
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 315 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
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Multi-parameter flow cytometry and cell sorting reveal extensive physiological heterogeneity in Bacillus cereus batch cultures. Biotechnol Lett 2011; 33:1395-405. [DOI: 10.1007/s10529-011-0566-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2011] [Accepted: 02/09/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Li AT, Yu HL, Pan J, Zhang JD, Xu JH, Lin GQ. Resolution of racemic sulfoxides with high productivity and enantioselectivity by a Rhodococcus sp. strain as an alternative to biooxidation of prochiral sulfides for efficient production of enantiopure sulfoxides. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2011; 102:1537-1542. [PMID: 20810278 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2010.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2010] [Revised: 08/05/2010] [Accepted: 08/06/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Whole cells of Rhodococcus sp. ECU0066 were used a catalyst for resolution of racemic sulfoxides, as an alternative to asymmetric oxidation of sulfides for efficient production of enantiopure sulfoxides. Racemic sulfoxides were excellent substrates for biotransformation because of their lower biotoxicity compared to sulfides. Determination of apparent kinetic parameters indicated that phenyl methyl sulfide (PMS), but not racemic phenyl methyl sulfoxide (rac-PMSO) caused substrate inhibition. (S)-PMSO was formed at a higher concentration and good enantiomeric excess (37.8 mM and 93.7% ee(S)) in a fed-batch reaction, than by an asymmetric oxidation of PMS (10 mM and 80% eeP (S)). The bacterium also displayed fairly good activity (yields, 22.7-43.2%; within 1-8 h) and enantioselectivity (ee(S)>99.0%) towards para-substituted (methyl and chloro) phenyl methyl sulfoxides and ethyl phenyl sulfoxide, indicating it could be a promising agent for synthetic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai-Tao Li
- Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Bioprocessing, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
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Przybylo M, Borowik T, Langner M. Fluorescence Techniques for Determination of the Membrane Potentials in High Throughput Screening. J Fluoresc 2010; 20:1139-57. [DOI: 10.1007/s10895-010-0665-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2010] [Accepted: 04/05/2010] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Shitu JO, Chartrain M, Woodley JM. Evaluating the impact of substrate and product concentration on a whole-cell biocatalyst during a Baeyer-Villiger reaction. BIOCATAL BIOTRANSFOR 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/10242420802539046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Nielsen TH, Sjøholm OR, Sørensen J. Multiple physiological states of a Pseudomonas fluorescens DR54 biocontrol inoculant monitored by a new flow cytometry protocol. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2008; 67:479-90. [PMID: 19159420 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6941.2008.00631.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
A new fluorescence staining and flow cytometry protocol was developed to monitor several physiological states in biocontrol strain Pseudomonas fluorescens DR54 during storage survival in a stationary-phase culture, preparation of clay carrier for seed formulation, and establishment in a sugar beet spermosphere. The high load of impurities in the environmental samples was dealt with by adding a density-gradient purification step to the staining protocol. Staining by SYBR Green, combined with either propidium iodide or ethidium bromide (EB)+DiBAC((4))3, was used to quantify the total cell population and further divide this population into: (1) intact cells with an unaffected membrane and energy metabolism. (2) De-energized cells unable to maintain membrane export (EB exclusion). (3) Depolarized cells unable to maintain membrane potential. (4) Permeabilized cells with a damaged membrane. During both stationary-phase storage and steps for preparation of formulation carrier, loss of intact P. fluorescens DR54 cells was quantitatively accounted for by depolarized and permeabilized states. Surviving inoculum cells subsequently proliferated on the germinating seeds, but with a surprisingly high abundance of de-energized cells. The new protocol is the first for flow cytometry to include a recording of both intact and several subpopulations of physiologically affected bacteria in complex, environmental samples with high impurity loads.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tommy Harder Nielsen
- Section of Genetics and Microbiology, Department of Ecology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
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Park JB, Bühler B, Habicher T, Hauer B, Panke S, Witholt B, Schmid A. The efficiency of recombinant Escherichia coli as biocatalyst for stereospecific epoxidation. Biotechnol Bioeng 2006; 95:501-12. [PMID: 16767777 DOI: 10.1002/bit.21037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Styrene is efficiently converted into (S)-styrene oxide by growing Escherichia coli expressing the styrene monooxygenase genes styAB of Pseudomonas sp. strain VLB120 in an organic/aqueous emulsion. Now, we investigated factors influencing the epoxidation activity of recombinant E. coli with the aim to improve the process in terms of product concentration and volumetric productivity. The catalytic activity of recombinant E. coli was not stable and decreased with reaction time. Kinetic analyses and the independence of the whole-cell activity on substrate and biocatalyst concentrations indicated that the maximal specific biocatalyst activity was not exploited under process conditions and that substrate mass transfer and enzyme inhibition did not limit bioconversion performance. Elevated styrene oxide concentrations, however, were shown to promote acetic acid formation, membrane permeabilization, and cell lysis, and to reduce growth rate and colony-forming activity. During biotransformations, when cell viability was additionally reduced by styAB overexpression, such effects coincided with decreasing specific epoxidation rates and metabolic activity. This clearly indicated that biocatalyst performance was reduced as a result of product toxicity. The results point to a product toxicity-induced biological energy shortage reducing the biocatalyst activity under process conditions. By reducing exposure time of the biocatalyst to the product and increasing biocatalyst concentrations, volumetric productivities were increased up to 1,800 micromol/min/liter aqueous phase (with an average of 8.4 g/L(aq) x h). This represents the highest productivity reported for oxygenase-based whole-cell biocatalysis involving toxic products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Byung Park
- Institute of Biotechnology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Unfricht DW, Colpitts SL, Fernandez SM, Lynes MA. Grating-coupled surface plasmon resonance: a cell and protein microarray platform. Proteomics 2006; 5:4432-42. [PMID: 16222719 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.200401314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Grating-coupled surface plasmon resonance (GCSPR) is a method for the accurate assessment of analyte in a multiplexed format using small amounts of sample. In GCSPR, the analyte is flowed across specific receptors (e.g. antibodies or other proteins) that have been immobilized on a sensor chip. The chip surface is illuminated with p-polarized light that couples to the gold surface's electrons to form a surface plasmon. At a specific angle of incidence, the GCSPR angle, the maximum amount of coupling occurs, thus reducing the intensity of reflected light. Shifts in the GCSPR angle can be correlated with refractive index increases following analyte capture by chip-bound receptors. Because regions of the chip can be independently analyzed, this system can assess 400 interactions between analyte and receptor on a single chip. We have used this label-free system to assess a number of molecules of immunological interest. GCSPR can simultaneously detect an array of cytokines and other proteins using the same chip. Moreover, GCSPR is also compatible with assessments of antigen expression by intact cells, detecting cellular apoptosis and identifying T cells and B cells. This technology represents a powerful new approach to the analysis of cells and molecular constituents of biological samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darryn W Unfricht
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, 06269, USA
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Abstract
The design of biocatalytic processes for industrial synthetic chemistry is determined in large part by the choice of isolated enzyme or whole-cell catalyst form. In the present paper, the considerations for choice are identified and some important classes of bioconversion are discussed in relation to the choice to be made. Recent developments in cell and protein engineering as well as reactor and process engineering are discussed in addition.
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Woodley JM. Microbial Biocatalytic Processes and Their Development. ADVANCES IN APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2006; 60:1-15. [PMID: 17157631 DOI: 10.1016/s0065-2164(06)60001-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- John M Woodley
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, University College London Torrington Place, London WC1E 7JE, United Kingdom
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Yildirim S, Franco T, Wohlgemuth R, Kohler HP, Witholt B, Schmid A. Recombinant Chlorobenzene Dioxygenase fromPseudomonas sp. P51: A Biocatalyst for Regioselective Oxidation of Aromatic Nitriles. Adv Synth Catal 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.200505075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Kacmar J, Zamamiri A, Carlson R, Abu-Absi NR, Srienc F. Single-cell variability in growing Saccharomyces cerevisiae cell populations measured with automated flow cytometry. J Biotechnol 2004; 109:239-54. [PMID: 15066762 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2004.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2003] [Revised: 12/22/2003] [Accepted: 01/16/2004] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Cell cultures normally are heterogeneous due to factors such as the cell cycle, inhomogeneous cell microenvironments, and genetic differences. However, distributions of cell properties usually are not taken into account in the characterization of a culture when only population averaged values are measured. In this study, the cell size, green fluorescence protein (Gfp) content, and viability after automated staining with propidium iodide (PI) are monitored at the single-cell level in Saccharomyces cerevisiae cultures growing in a batch bioreactor using an automated flow injection flow cytometer system. To demonstrate the wealth of information that can be obtained with this system, three cultures containing three different plasmids are compared. The first plasmid is a centromeric plasmid expressing under the control of a TEF2 promoter the S65T mutant form of Gfp. The other two plasmids are 2 microm plasmids and express the FM2 mutant of Gfp under the control of either the TEF1 or the TEF2 promoter. The automated sampling, cell preparation, and analysis permitted frequent quantification of the culture characteristics. The time course of the data representing not only population average values but also their variability, provides a detailed and reproducible "fingerprint" of the culture dynamics. The data demonstrate that small changes in the genetic make up of the recombinant system can result in large changes in the culture Gfp production and viability. Thus, the developed instrumentation is valuable for rapidly testing promoter strength, plasmid stability, cell viability, and culture variability.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Kacmar
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, 151 Amundson Hall, 421 Washington Avenue S.E., Minneapolis, MN 55455-0312, USA
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