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Mohammadi M, Alian M, Dale B, Ubanwa B, Balan V. Multifaced application of AFEX-pretreated biomass in producing second-generation biofuels, ruminant animal feed, and value-added bioproducts. Biotechnol Adv 2024; 72:108341. [PMID: 38499256 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2024.108341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Lignocellulosic biomass holds a crucial position in the prospective bio-based economy, serving as a sustainable and renewable source for a variety of bio-based products. These products play a vital role in displacing fossil fuels and contributing to environmental well-being. However, the inherent recalcitrance of biomass poses a significant obstacle to the efficient access of sugar polymers. Consequently, the bioconversion of lignocellulosic biomass into fermentable sugars remains a prominent challenge in biorefinery processes to produce biofuels and biochemicals. In addressing these challenges, extensive efforts have been dedicated to mitigating biomass recalcitrance through diverse pretreatment methods. One noteworthy process is Ammonia Fiber Expansion (AFEX) pretreatment, characterized by its dry-to-dry nature and minimal water usage. The volatile ammonia, acting as a catalyst in the process, is recyclable. AFEX contributes to cleaning biomass ester linkages and facilitating the opening of cell wall structures, enhancing enzyme accessibility and leading to a fivefold increase in sugar conversion compared to untreated biomass. Over the last decade, AFEX has demonstrated substantial success in augmenting the efficiency of biomass conversion processes. This success has unlocked the potential for sustainable and economically viable biorefineries. This paper offers a comprehensive review of studies focusing on the utilization of AFEX-pretreated biomass in the production of second-generation biofuels, ruminant feed, and additional value-added bioproducts like enzymes, lipids, proteins, and mushrooms. It delves into the details of the AFEX pretreatment process at both laboratory and pilot scales, elucidates the mechanism of action, and underscores the role of AFEX in the biorefinery for developing biofuels and bioproducts, and nutritious ruminant animal feed production. While highlighting the strides made, the paper also addresses current challenges in the commercialization of AFEX pretreatment within biorefineries. Furthermore, it outlines critical considerations that must be addressed to overcome these challenges, ensuring the continued progress and widespread adoption of AFEX in advancing sustainable and economically viable bio-based industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maedeh Mohammadi
- Department of Engineering Technology, Cullen College of Engineering, University of Houston, Sugarland, TX 77479, USA
| | - Mahsa Alian
- Department of Engineering Technology, Cullen College of Engineering, University of Houston, Sugarland, TX 77479, USA
| | - Bruce Dale
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Bryan Ubanwa
- Department of Engineering Technology, Cullen College of Engineering, University of Houston, Sugarland, TX 77479, USA
| | - Venkatesh Balan
- Department of Engineering Technology, Cullen College of Engineering, University of Houston, Sugarland, TX 77479, USA.
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Li L, Liu J, Zhang Y, Wang Q, Wang J. Qualitative and Quantitative Correlation of Microstructural Properties and In Vitro Glucose Adsorption and Diffusion Behaviors of Pea Insoluble Dietary Fiber Induced by Ultrafine Grinding. Foods 2022; 11:foods11182814. [PMID: 36140942 PMCID: PMC9497999 DOI: 10.3390/foods11182814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Ultrafine grinding is an important pretreatment to achieve the physical modification of dietary fiber. In this study, ultrafine grinding treatments were performed for different times to give pea insoluble dietary fiber (PIDF) samples with varied particle sizes (D50). The correlations and quantitative relationships between the microstructures of multi-scales PIDF and its in vitro glucose adsorption and diffusion behaviors were comprehensively evaluated. The results indicated that the specific surface area (SSA), pore volume (PV) and oxygen-to-carbon surface ratio (O/C) of PIDF were significantly increased by ultrafine grinding at the cellular scale, while D50 and cellulose crystallinity (CrI) were significantly decreased. These changes significantly improved the glucose adsorption capacity (GAC) of PIDF. The order of importance of microstructural changes on GAC was O/C > PV > SSA > CrI > D50. GAC showed positive exponential relationships with SSA, PV, and O/C and showed a negative linear relationship with CrI. The ability to retard glucose diffusion increased significantly with decreased fiber particle size because of improved adsorption and interception of glucose and the dense physical barrier effect of PIDF. The quantitative equation of maximum glucose dialysis retardation index was GDRImax = −1.65 ln(D50) + 16.82 ln(GAC) − 68.22 (R2 = 0.99). The results could provide theoretical support for quantitative and targeted intervention of dietary fiber structure for blood glucose control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyi Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology and Food Science, Tianjin University of Commerce, No. 409 Guangrong Road, Beichen District, Tianjin 300134, China
- Tianjin International Joint Research and Development Center, No. 409 Guangrong Road, Beichen District, Tianjin 300134, China
| | - Jianfu Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology and Food Science, Tianjin University of Commerce, No. 409 Guangrong Road, Beichen District, Tianjin 300134, China
- Tianjin International Joint Research and Development Center, No. 409 Guangrong Road, Beichen District, Tianjin 300134, China
- Correspondence:
| | - Yang Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology and Food Science, Tianjin University of Commerce, No. 409 Guangrong Road, Beichen District, Tianjin 300134, China
- Tianjin International Joint Research and Development Center, No. 409 Guangrong Road, Beichen District, Tianjin 300134, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology and Food Science, Tianjin University of Commerce, No. 409 Guangrong Road, Beichen District, Tianjin 300134, China
- Tianjin International Joint Research and Development Center, No. 409 Guangrong Road, Beichen District, Tianjin 300134, China
| | - Jinrong Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology and Food Science, Tianjin University of Commerce, No. 409 Guangrong Road, Beichen District, Tianjin 300134, China
- Tianjin International Joint Research and Development Center, No. 409 Guangrong Road, Beichen District, Tianjin 300134, China
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Enhancing for Bagasse Enzymolysis via Intercrystalline Swelling of Cellulose Combined with Hydrolysis and Oxidation. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14173587. [PMID: 36080662 PMCID: PMC9460872 DOI: 10.3390/polym14173587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
To overcome the biological barriers formed by the lignin–carbohydrate complex for releasing fermentable sugars from cellulose by enzymolysis is both imperative and challenging. In this study, a strategy of intergranular swelling of cellulose combined with hydrolysis and oxidation was demonstrated. Pretreatment of the bagasse was evaluated by one bath treatment with phosphoric acid and hydrogen peroxide. The chemical composition, specific surface area (SSA), and pore size of bagasse before and after pretreatment were investigated, while the experiments on the adsorption equilibrium of cellulose to cellulase and reagent reuse were also performed. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) were employed for microscopic morphology observations and glucose analysis, respectively. The results showed that pretreated bagasse was deconstructed into cellulose with a nanofibril network, most of the hemicellulose (~100%) and lignin (~98%) were removed, and the SSA and void were enlarged 11- and 5-fold, respectively. This simple, mild preprocessing method enhanced cellulose accessibility and reduced the biological barrier of the noncellulose component to improve the subsequent enzymolysis with a high glucose recovery (98.60%).
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Ma Y, Chen X, Zahoor Khan M, Xiao J, Liu S, Wang J, Alugongo GM, Cao Z. Biodegradation and hydrolysis of rice straw with corn steep liquor and urea-alkali pretreatment. Front Nutr 2022; 9:989239. [PMID: 35990351 PMCID: PMC9387106 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.989239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The current study evaluated the corn steep liquor (CSL) and urea-alkali pretreatment effect to enhance biodegradation and hydrolysis of rice straw (RS) by ruminal microbiome. The first used RS (1) without (Con) or with additives of (2) 4% CaO (Ca), (3) 2.5% urea plus 4% CaO (UCa) and (4) 9% corn steep liquor + 2.5% urea + 4% CaO (CUCa), and then the efficacy of CSL plus urea-alkali pretreatment was evaluated both in vitro and in vivo. The Scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction analysis, cellulose degree of polymerization and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, respectively, results showed that Ca, UCa, and CUCa pretreatment altered the physical and chemical structure of RS. CSL plus Urea-alkali pretreated enhanced microbial colonization by improving the enzymolysis efficiency of RS, and specially induced adhesion of Carnobacterium and Staphylococcus. The CUCa pretreatment could be developed to improve RS nutritional value as forage for ruminants, or as feedstock for biofuel production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulin Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Muhammad Zahoor Khan
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Agriculture, Dera Ismail Khan, Pakistan
| | - Jianxin Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Shuai Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jingjun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Gibson Maswayi Alugongo
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhijun Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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Zhou M, Tian X. Development of different pretreatments and related technologies for efficient biomass conversion of lignocellulose. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 202:256-268. [PMID: 35032493 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.01.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Lignocellulose, a kind of biological resource widely existing in nature, which can be transformed into value-added biochemical products through saccharification, fermentation or chemical catalysis. Pretreatments are the necessary step to increase the accessibility and digestibility of lignocellulose. This paper comprehensively reviewed different pretreatment progress of lignocellulose in recent year, including mechanical/thermal, biological, inorganic solvent, organic solvent and unconventional physical-chemical pretreatments, focusing on quantifying the influence of pretreatments on subsequent biomass conversion. In addition, related pretreatment techniques such as genetic engineering, reactor configurations, downstream process and visualization technology of pretreatment were discussed. Finally, this review presented the challenge of lignocellulose pretreatment in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhou
- School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingjun Tian
- School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China.
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Hoppert L, Einfalt D. Impact of particle size reduction on high gravity enzymatic hydrolysis of steam-exploded wheat straw. SN APPLIED SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s42452-021-04870-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
AbstractEconomically feasible bioethanol production from lignocellulosic biomass requires solid loadings ≥ 15% dry matter (DM, w/w). However, increased solid loadings can lead to process difficulties, which are characterized by high apparent slurry viscosity, insufficient substrate mixing and limited water availability, resulting in reduced final glucose yields. To overcome these limitations, this study focused on enzymatic hydrolysis of 10–35% DM solid loadings with steam-exploded wheat straw in two different particle sizes. At solid loadings of 20 and 25% DM small particle size of ≤ 2.5 mm yielded 16.9 ± 1.1% and 10.2 ± 1.4% increased final glucose concentrations compared to large particle size of 30 ± 20 mm. Small particle size also positively influenced slurry viscosity and, therefore, miscibility. As a key finding of this investigation, high gravity enzymatic hydrolysis with solid loadings of 30–35% DM was indeed successfully employed when wheat straw was applied in small particle size. Here, the highest final glucose yield was achieved with 127.9 ± 4.9 g L−1 at 35% DM solid loading. An increase in the solid loading from 10 to 35% DM in small particle size experiments resulted in a 460% increase in the final glucose concentration.
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Yang Q, Ying W, Wen P, Zhu J, Xu Y, Zhang J. Delignification of poplar for xylo-oligosaccharides production using lactic acid catalysis. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 342:125943. [PMID: 34547710 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Recently, xylo-oligosaccharides (XOS) production from lignocelluloses by organic acid catalysis has been widely reported. However, the effect of delignification of lignocelluloses on XOS production by organic acid catalysis was unclear, and lactic acid (LA) catalysis in XOS production from lignocelluloses has not been reported. In this work, the effect of delignification on XOS production from poplar by LA catalysis was investigated. Results demonstrated that hydrogen peroxide-acetic acid (HPAA) pretreatment removed 83.2% of lignin and retained 95.4% of xylan. After 2% LA catalysis (170 °C, 30 min), a high XOS yield of 42.7% was obtained from HPAA1-LA-pretreated poplar. Lignin removal from poplar was positively correlated with XOS yield. Glucose yield of HPAA1-LA-pretreated poplar by cellulase was 88.9%. Compared with LA-catalyzed poplar, the XOS and glucose production from HPAA1-LA-pretreated poplar by cellulase increased by 1.4-fold and 6.8-fold, respectively. This work presents a novel strategy for efficient producing XOS and monosaccharides from poplar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Yang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Wenjun Ying
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Peiyao Wen
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Junjun Zhu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; Key Laboratory of Forestry Genetics & Biotechnology (Nanjing Forestry University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Yong Xu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; Key Laboratory of Forestry Genetics & Biotechnology (Nanjing Forestry University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Junhua Zhang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; Key Laboratory of Forestry Genetics & Biotechnology (Nanjing Forestry University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210037, China; College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
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8
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Barron C, Devaux MF, Foucat L, Falourd X, Looten R, Joseph-Aime M, Durand S, Bonnin E, Lapierre C, Saulnier L, Rouau X, Guillon F. Enzymatic degradation of maize shoots: monitoring of chemical and physical changes reveals different saccharification behaviors. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2021; 14:1. [PMID: 33402195 PMCID: PMC7786969 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-020-01854-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The recalcitrance of lignocellulosics to enzymatic saccharification has been related to many factors, including the tissue and molecular heterogeneity of the plant particles. The role of tissue heterogeneity generally assessed from plant sections is not easy to study on a large scale. In the present work, dry fractionation of ground maize shoot was performed to obtain particle fractions enriched in a specific tissue. The degradation profiles of the fractions were compared considering physical changes in addition to chemical conversion. RESULTS Coarse, medium and fine fractions were produced using a dry process followed by an electrostatic separation. The physical and chemical characteristics of the fractions varied, suggesting enrichment in tissue from leaves, pith or rind. The fractions were subjected to enzymatic hydrolysis in a torus reactor designed for real-time monitoring of the number and size of the particles. Saccharification efficiency was monitored by analyzing the sugar release at different times. The lowest and highest saccharification yields were measured in the coarse and fine fractions, respectively, and these yields paralleled the reduction in the size and number of particles. The behavior of the positively- and negatively-charged particles of medium-size fractions was contrasted. Although the amount of sugar release was similar, the changes in particle size and number differed during enzymatic degradation. The reduction in the number of particles proceeded faster than that of particle size, suggesting that degradable particles were degraded to the point of disappearance with no significant erosion or fragmentation. Considering all fractions, the saccharification yield was positively correlated with the amount of water associated with [5-15 nm] pore size range at 67% moisture content while the reduction in the number of particles was inversely correlated with the amount of lignin. CONCLUSION Real-time monitoring of sugar release and changes in the number and size of the particles clearly evidenced different degradation patterns for fractions of maize shoot that could be related to tissue heterogeneity in the plant. The biorefinery process could benefit from the addition of a sorting stage to optimise the flow of biomass materials and take better advantage of the heterogeneity of the biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cécile Barron
- CIRAD, INRAE, IATE, Institut Agro, Univ. Montpellier, 34060, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Loïc Foucat
- INRAE, UR BIA, 44316, Nantes, France
- INRAE, BIBS Facility, 44316, Nantes, France
| | - Xavier Falourd
- INRAE, UR BIA, 44316, Nantes, France
- INRAE, BIBS Facility, 44316, Nantes, France
| | | | | | | | | | - Catherine Lapierre
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78000, Versailles, France
| | | | - Xavier Rouau
- CIRAD, INRAE, IATE, Institut Agro, Univ. Montpellier, 34060, Montpellier, France
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Li H, Wu H, Yu Z, Zhang H, Yang S. CO 2 -Enabled Biomass Fractionation/Depolymerization: A Highly Versatile Pre-Step for Downstream Processing. CHEMSUSCHEM 2020; 13:3565-3582. [PMID: 32285649 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202000575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 04/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Lignocellulosic biomass is inevitably subject to fractionation and depolymerization processes for enhanced selectivity toward specific products, in most cases prior to catalytic upgrading of the three main fractions-cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin. Among the developed pretreatment techniques, CO2 -assisted biomass processing exhibits some unique advantages such as the lowest critical temperature (31.0 °C) with moderate critical pressure, low cost, nontoxicity, nonflammability, ready availability, and the addition of acidity, alongside easy recovery by pressure release. This Review showcases progress in the study of sub- or supercritical CO2 -mediated thermal processing of lignocellulosic biomass-the key pre-step for downstream conversion processes. The auxo-action of CO2 in biomass pretreatment and fractionation, along with the involved variables, direct degradation of untreated biomass in CO2 by gasification, pyrolysis, and liquefaction with relevant conversion mechanisms, and CO2 -enabled depolymerization of lignocellulosic fractions with representative reaction pathways are summarized. Moreover, future prospects for the practical application of CO2 -assisted up- and downstream biomass-to-bioproduct conversion are also briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hu Li
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide & Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide & Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, State-Local Joint Laboratory for Comprehensive Utilization of Biomass, Center for Research & Development of Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550025, P.R. China
| | - Hongguo Wu
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide & Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide & Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, State-Local Joint Laboratory for Comprehensive Utilization of Biomass, Center for Research & Development of Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550025, P.R. China
| | - Zhaozhuo Yu
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide & Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide & Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, State-Local Joint Laboratory for Comprehensive Utilization of Biomass, Center for Research & Development of Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550025, P.R. China
| | - Heng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide & Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide & Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, State-Local Joint Laboratory for Comprehensive Utilization of Biomass, Center for Research & Development of Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550025, P.R. China
| | - Song Yang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide & Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide & Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, State-Local Joint Laboratory for Comprehensive Utilization of Biomass, Center for Research & Development of Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550025, P.R. China
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10
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Impacts of Cellulase and Amylase on Enzymatic Hydrolysis and Methane Production in the Anaerobic Digestion of Corn Straw. SUSTAINABILITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/su12135453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The impacts of enzyme pre-treatments on anaerobic digestion of lignocellulosic biomass were explored by using corn straw as a substrate for enzyme pre-treatment and anaerobic digestion and by utilizing starch and microcrystalline cellulose as substrates for comparative analysis. The cellulase pre-treatment effectively improved the enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose, decreased the crystallinity, and consequently showed 33.2% increase in methane yield. The methane yield of starch increased by 16.0% through amylase pre-treatment. However, when the substrate was corn straw, both the efficiencies of enzymes and methane production were markedly reduced by the lignocellulosic structure. The corn straw’s methane yields were 277.6 and 242.4 mL·CH4/g·VS with cellulase and amylase pre-treatment, respectively, which was 11.7% and 27.9% higher than that of the untreated corn straw. It may imply that the lignocellulose should be broken up firstly, enzyme pre-treatments could have great potentials when combined with other methods.
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11
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Caparco AA, Bommarius BR, Bommarius AS, Champion JA. Protein-inorganic calcium-phosphate supraparticles as a robust platform for enzyme co-immobilization. Biotechnol Bioeng 2020; 117:1979-1989. [PMID: 32255509 DOI: 10.1002/bit.27348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Immobilization of enzymes provides many benefits, including facile separation and recovery of enzymes from reaction mixtures, enhanced stability, and co-localization of multiple enzymes. Calcium-phosphate-protein supraparticles imbued with a leucine zipper binding domain (ZR ) serve as a modular immobilization platform for enzymes fused to the complementary leucine zipper domain (ZE ). The zippers provide high-affinity, specific binding, separating enzymatic activity from the binding event. Using fluorescent model proteins (mCherryZE and eGFPZE ), an amine dehydrogenase (AmDHZE ), and a formate dehydrogenase (FDHZE ), the efficacy of supraparticles as a biocatalytic solid support was assessed. Supraparticles demonstrated several benefits as an immobilization support, including predictable loading of multiple proteins, structural integrity in a panel of solvents, and the ability to elute and reload proteins without damaging the support. The dual-enzyme reaction successfully converted ketone to amine on supraparticles, highlighting the efficacy of this system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam A Caparco
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Bettina R Bommarius
- Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Andreas S Bommarius
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia
- Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Julie A Champion
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia
- Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia
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12
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Zhang W, Pan K, Liu C, Qu M, OuYang K, Song X, Zhao X. Recombinant Lentinula edodes xylanase improved the hydrolysis and in vitro ruminal fermentation of soybean straw by changing its fiber structure. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 151:286-292. [PMID: 32084470 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.02.187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Soybean straw cannot be efficiently degraded and utilized by ruminants due to the complex cross-linked structure among cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin in its cell wall. Xylanase can degrade the xylan component of hemicellulose, destroy the xylan-lignin matrix and, consequently, would theoretically improve the hydrolysis effectiveness of cellulose. Therefore, this study was performed to investigate the effects of recombinant Lentinula edodes xylanase (rLeXyn11A) on fiber structure, hydrolysis, and in vitro ruminal fermentation of soybean straw. Treatment with rLeXyn11A enhanced the hydrolysis of soybean straw with an evident increase in productions of ribose, rhamnose, and xylose. Soybean straw treated by rLeXyn11A had lower hemicellulose content and greater cellulose and lignin contents. The rLeXyn11A could remove xylan, loosen unordered fibrous networks, enhance substrate porosity, and rearrange lignin, consequently increasing the exposure of cellulose and improving the cellulase hydrolysis of soybean straw. Supplemental rLeXyn11A stimulated the dry matter digestion, volatile fatty acids production, and microbial protein synthesis during in vitro ruminal incubation. This paper demonstrated that rLeXyn11A could strengthen the cellulase hydrolysis and in vitro ruminal fermentation of soybean straw by degrading xylan and changing fiber structure, showing its potential for improving the utilization of soybean straw in ruminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Zhang
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Engineering Research Center of Feed Development, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330045, China
| | - Ke Pan
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Engineering Research Center of Feed Development, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330045, China
| | - Chanjuan Liu
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Engineering Research Center of Feed Development, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330045, China
| | - Mingren Qu
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Engineering Research Center of Feed Development, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330045, China
| | - Kehui OuYang
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Engineering Research Center of Feed Development, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330045, China
| | - Xiaozhen Song
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Engineering Research Center of Feed Development, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330045, China
| | - Xianghui Zhao
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Engineering Research Center of Feed Development, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330045, China.
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Jia L, Qin Y, Wang J, Zhang J. Lignin extracted by γ-valerolactone/water from corn stover improves cellulose enzymatic hydrolysis. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 302:122901. [PMID: 32033842 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.122901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The impact of lignin extracted from γ-valerolactone/water (GVL/H2O) pretreatment of corn stover on the enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose was investigated. Two lignin samples were separated and named as GL25 and GL75 according to the amounts of sulfuric acid (25 mM and 75 mM) used in the GVL/H2O pretreatment. With the addition of 2 g/L of GL25 and GL75, the glucan conversion of enzymatic hydrolysis of Avicel improved markedly from 28.0% to 37.4% and 31.3%, respectively. Moreover, the improvement of glucan conversion increased when increasing the loadings of GL25 and GL75. A similar observation was made when GVL/H2O pretreated corn stover was the substrate. The results of the cellulase adsorption experiments showed that the GLs had a lower maximum cellulase adsorption capacity and binding strength compared to that of acid-insoluble lignin. Further structural characterization of the GLs revealed that they had a low zeta-potential and hydrophobicity, but a high Syringyl/Guaiacyl ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Jia
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, No. 3 Taicheng Road, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yujie Qin
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, No. 3 Taicheng Road, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jia Wang
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, No. 3 Taicheng Road, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Junhua Zhang
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, No. 3 Taicheng Road, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Products, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, Jiangsu, China; Key Laboratory of Forestry Genetics & Biotechnology (Nanjing Forestry University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210037, China.
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14
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Sun S, Cao X, Li H, Zhu Y, Li Y, Jiang W, Wang Y, Sun S. Simultaneous and Efficient Production of Furfural and Subsequent Glucose in MTHF/H 2O Biphasic System via Parameter Regulation. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12030557. [PMID: 32138299 PMCID: PMC7182857 DOI: 10.3390/polym12030557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Efficient production of furfural from cornstalk in 2-Methyltetrahydrofuran/aqueous (MTHF/H2O) biphasic system via parameter regulation (e.g., VMTHF/VH2O, temperature, time, and H2SO4 concentration) was proposed. The resulting solid residues achieved from the different MTHF/H2O system conditions for furfural production were also to prepare glucose by adding cellulases to increase the high-value applications of cornstalk. A maximum furfural yield (68.1%) was obtained based on reaction condition (VMTHF:VH2O = 1:1, 170 °C, 60 min, 0.05 M H2SO4). Among these parameters, the concentration of H2SO4 had the most obvious effect on the furfural production. The glucose yields of the residues acquired from different MTHF/H2O processes were enhanced and then a maximum value of 78.9% based on the maximum furfural production conditions was observed. Single factor may not be sufficient to detail the difference in glucose production, and several factors affected the hydrolysis efficiency of the residues. Overall, the MTHF/H2O system effectively converted cornstalk into furfural and glucose via a simple and environment-friendly process, thus was an ideal manner for the food industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaolong Sun
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China;
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (X.C.); (Y.Z.); (Y.L.)
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China;
- Correspondence: (S.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Xuefei Cao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (X.C.); (Y.Z.); (Y.L.)
| | - Huiling Li
- College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China;
| | - Yingbo Zhu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (X.C.); (Y.Z.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yijing Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (X.C.); (Y.Z.); (Y.L.)
| | - Wei Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China;
| | - Yang Wang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China;
| | - Shaoni Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (X.C.); (Y.Z.); (Y.L.)
- Correspondence: (S.S.); (S.S.)
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Cosmetic potential of lignin extracts from alkaline-treated sugarcane bagasse: Optimization of extraction conditions using response surface methodology. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 153:138-145. [PMID: 32142851 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.02.328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Each year, sugarcane bagasse, a low-priced by-product of the sugar industry, is generated in large quantities. The aim of this study was to optimize the alkaline hydrolysis condition for the extraction of lignin from sugarcane bagasse using response surface methodology combined with Box-Behnken design, and to evaluate functional properties of lignin extracts for cosmetic applications. Three process parameters were varied (NaOH solution concentrations (3-7% w/v), temperatures (115-135 °C), and times (30-60 min)). The second-order polynomial model developed and the subsequent ANOVA test showed that the optimal conditions providing the highest total phenolic content (69.41 ± 0.32 mg gallic acid equivalent/g extract), antioxidant activity (262.30 ± 2.98 mg Trolox equivalent/g extract), and sun protection factor (8.65 ± 0.21) were as follows: NaOH solution concentration of 7% w/v, temperature of 135 °C, and time of 47.92 min. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy analysis revealed the functional groups present in the lignin extract that affected its activities. The extract showed both UVA and UVB-absorbing properties and tyrosinase-inhibitory properties. The results suggested that the lignin extract obtained from alkaline hydrolysis of sugarcane bagasse has great potential as a bioactive multi-functional ingredient that can offer anti-ageing, sun-protection, and skin-whitening properties for sun care formulations.
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16
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Kumar P, Kumar V, Kumar S, Singh J, Kumar P. Bioethanol production from sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) plant residue by combined physical, microbial and chemical pretreatments. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 297:122484. [PMID: 31810734 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.122484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This study explored the potential of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) plant residue (SPR) for bioethanol production. Three particle sizes, including 400, 850 and 1300 µm of SPR, were subjected to microbial degradation by Phanerochaete chrysosporium followed by 1% H2SO4 pretreatments. FTIR and HPLC analyses showed that the combined pretreatment which begins with microbial followed up by acid degraded SPR in the finest particle size (400 µm) resulted in the maximum contents of reducing sugars (370.23 mg·g-1). Kinetics studies of the pretreatment process also confirmed the maximized rate of hemicellulose and lignin reduction with reducing sugars production. The logistic model had better fitness as compared to the modified Gompertz model to predict bioethanol production. SPR gave a maximum of 1.90 g·L-1 bioethanol yield after 60 h of fermentation using Saccharomyces cerevisiae. This study is the first report on bioethanol production from SPR, which proposed its suitability for sustainable energy production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj Kumar
- Agro-ecology and Pollution Research Laboratory, Department of Zoology and Environmental Science, Gurukula Kangri Vishwavidyalaya, Haridwar 249404, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Vinod Kumar
- Agro-ecology and Pollution Research Laboratory, Department of Zoology and Environmental Science, Gurukula Kangri Vishwavidyalaya, Haridwar 249404, Uttarakhand, India.
| | - Sachin Kumar
- Agro-ecology and Pollution Research Laboratory, Department of Zoology and Environmental Science, Gurukula Kangri Vishwavidyalaya, Haridwar 249404, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Jogendra Singh
- Agro-ecology and Pollution Research Laboratory, Department of Zoology and Environmental Science, Gurukula Kangri Vishwavidyalaya, Haridwar 249404, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Piyush Kumar
- Agro-ecology and Pollution Research Laboratory, Department of Zoology and Environmental Science, Gurukula Kangri Vishwavidyalaya, Haridwar 249404, Uttarakhand, India
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17
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Li J, Zhang H, Lu M, Han L. Comparison and intrinsic correlation analysis based on composition, microstructure and enzymatic hydrolysis of corn stover after different types of pretreatments. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 293:122016. [PMID: 31473375 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.122016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Revised: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Pretreatment is a key step in the energy utilization of lignocellulosic biomass. Different types of pretreatments (ultrafine grinding pretreatment, alkaline hydroxide peroxide pretreatment, dilute acid pretreatment, and ammonia fiber expansion pretreatment) were conducted on corn stover. The lignocellulosic composition, microstructural parameters, and glucose yield of differently pretreated corn stover were characterized and compared. Then qualitative and quantitative correlation analyses of the parameters were carried out to explore the correlations among the composition, microstructure properties, and enzymatic hydrolysis efficacy of corn stover after different types of pretreatments and identify the main properties affecting enzymatic hydrolysis. Qualitative correlation analysis found that cellulose content, specific surface area, pore volume, enzyme-accessible pore volume, and surface area of cellulose had significant positive correlations with glucose yield. The results of quantitative correlation analysis were GY = 15.01 × cellulose content-339.05, GY = 13.06 × SSA + 172.35, GY = 7226.27 × PV + 129.14, GY = 8628.61 × EAPV + 125.61, and GY = 1.18 × SAC-287.21.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junbao Li
- College of Engineering, China Agricultural University (East Campus), 17 Qing-Hua-Dong-Lu, Hai-Dian District, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Haiyan Zhang
- College of Engineering, China Agricultural University (East Campus), 17 Qing-Hua-Dong-Lu, Hai-Dian District, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Minsheng Lu
- College of Engineering, China Agricultural University (East Campus), 17 Qing-Hua-Dong-Lu, Hai-Dian District, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Lujia Han
- College of Engineering, China Agricultural University (East Campus), 17 Qing-Hua-Dong-Lu, Hai-Dian District, Beijing 100083, PR China.
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18
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López-Malvar A, Butrón A, Samayoa LF, Figueroa-Garrido DJ, Malvar RA, Santiago R. Genome-wide association analysis for maize stem Cell Wall-bound Hydroxycinnamates. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 19:519. [PMID: 31775632 PMCID: PMC6882159 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-019-2135-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The structural reinforcement of cell walls by hydroxycinnamates has a significant role in defense against pests and pathogens, but it also interferes with forage digestibility and biofuel production. Elucidation of maize genetic variations that contribute to variation for stem hydroxycinnamate content could simplify breeding for cell wall strengthening by using markers linked to the most favorable genetic variants in marker-assisted selection or genomic selection approaches. RESULTS A genome-wide association study was conducted using a subset of 282 inbred lines from a maize diversity panel to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with stem cell wall hydroxycinnamate content. A total of 5, 8, and 2 SNPs were identified as significantly associated to p-coumarate, ferulate, and total diferulate concentrations, respectively in the maize pith. Attending to particular diferulate isomers, 3, 6, 1 and 2 SNPs were related to 8-O-4 diferulate, 5-5 diferulate, 8-5 diferulate and 8-5 linear diferulate contents, respectively. This study has the advantage of being done with direct biochemical determinations instead of using estimates based on Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) predictions. In addition, novel genomic regions involved in hydroxycinnamate content were found, such as those in bins 1.06 (for FA), 4.01 (for PCA and FA), 5.04 (for FA), 8.05 (for PCA), and 10.03 and 3.06 (for DFAT and some dimers). CONCLUSIONS The effect of individual SNPs significantly associated with stem hydroxycinnamate content was low, explaining a low percentage of total phenotypic variability (7 to 10%). Nevertheless, we spotlighted new genomic regions associated with the accumulation of cell-wall-bound hydroxycinnamic acids in the maize stem, and genes involved in cell wall modulation in response to biotic and abiotic stresses have been proposed as candidate genes for those quantitative trait loci (QTL). In addition, we cannot rule out that uncharacterized genes linked to significant SNPs could be implicated in dimer formation and arobinoxylan feruloylation because genes involved in those processes have been poorly characterized. Overall, genomic selection considering markers distributed throughout the whole genome seems to be a more appropriate breeding strategy than marker-assisted selection focused in markers linked to QTL.
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Affiliation(s)
- A López-Malvar
- Facultad de Biología, Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ciencias del Suelo, Universidad de Vigo, As Lagoas Marcosende, 36310, Vigo, Spain.
- Agrobiología Ambiental, Calidad de Suelos y Plantas (UVIGO), Unidad Asociada a la MBG (CSIC), Vigo, Spain.
| | - A Butrón
- Misión Biológica de Galicia (CSIC), Pazo de Salcedo, Carballeira 8, 36143, Pontevedra, Spain
| | - L F Samayoa
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, North Carolina State University Raleigh, Raleigh, NC, 27695-7620, USA
| | - D J Figueroa-Garrido
- Facultad de Biología, Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ciencias del Suelo, Universidad de Vigo, As Lagoas Marcosende, 36310, Vigo, Spain
- Agrobiología Ambiental, Calidad de Suelos y Plantas (UVIGO), Unidad Asociada a la MBG (CSIC), Vigo, Spain
| | - R A Malvar
- Misión Biológica de Galicia (CSIC), Pazo de Salcedo, Carballeira 8, 36143, Pontevedra, Spain
| | - R Santiago
- Facultad de Biología, Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ciencias del Suelo, Universidad de Vigo, As Lagoas Marcosende, 36310, Vigo, Spain
- Agrobiología Ambiental, Calidad de Suelos y Plantas (UVIGO), Unidad Asociada a la MBG (CSIC), Vigo, Spain
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19
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Production and faecal fermentation of pentose oligomers of hemicellulose: Study of variables influencing bioprocess efficiency. Food Chem 2019; 297:124945. [PMID: 31253310 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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20
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Enhancing enzymatic hydrolysis yield of sweet sorghum straw polysaccharides by heavy ion beams irradiation pretreatment. Carbohydr Polym 2019; 222:114976. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.114976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2018] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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21
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Momayez F, Karimi K, Sárvári Horváth I. Sustainable and efficient sugar production from wheat straw by pretreatment with biogas digestate. RSC Adv 2019; 9:27692-27701. [PMID: 35529226 PMCID: PMC9070756 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra05285b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of liquid fraction of biogas digestate (LFBD) instead of fresh water (hydrothermal) for the pretreatment of wheat straw was evaluated to improve the yield of released sugars during the following hydrolysis step. The pretreatments were conducted at temperatures of 130, 160, and 190 °C for 30 and 60 min. In most of the cases, pretreatment using LFBD led to higher glucose yields and higher total sugars concentrations, compared to those obtained after applying hydrothermal pretreatments. The increase of temperature resulted in an increase in sugars during the enzymatic hydrolysis. The highest yields of glucose (about 59%) were observed after treatments at 190 °C for 60 min, independently of which type of pretreatment was applied and at 190 °C for 30 min using LFBD. Treatment, with LFBD at 190 °C and for 60 min, resulted in glucose and xylose concentrations of 7.36 g L-1 and 2.41 g L-1, respectively, after the subsequent hydrolysis for 48 h. However, the FTIR analysis indicated that the crystallinity index remained rather constant after treatment. Both FTIR and compositional analysis showed that the removal of hemicelluloses was the main effect of the pretreatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Forough Momayez
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology Isfahan 84156-83111 Iran
- Swedish Centre for Resource Recovery, University of Borås 501 90 Borås Sweden +46334354684
| | - Keikhosro Karimi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology Isfahan 84156-83111 Iran
- Industrial Biotechnology Group, Research Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Isfahan University of Technology Isfahan 84156-83111 Iran
| | - Ilona Sárvári Horváth
- Swedish Centre for Resource Recovery, University of Borås 501 90 Borås Sweden +46334354684
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22
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Zhang H, Fan Z, Li J, Han L. A comparative study on enzyme adsorption and hydrolytic performance of different scale corn stover by two-step kinetics. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 282:384-389. [PMID: 30884458 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the effect of two-step kinetics on enzyme adsorption and hydrolytic properties of different structural substrates at low enzyme doses. The two-step kinetic experiments of ultrafine grinding (UGCS) and sieve-based grinding corn stover (SGCS) were performed respectively with enzyme loading of 2.5 + 2.5 FPU/g and 5 + 5 FPU/g. The different performance of these two samples were illustrated by characterizing the particle size distribution, SEM and XPS. The results showed that ultrafine grinding can promote the structural properties which is beneficial to adsorption and hydrolysis. The main factors influencing adsorption kinetics are enzyme concentration and the surface cellulose amount. Pre-adsorbed enzyme has no effects on the subsequent enzyme adsorption quantity but produces some small competitive and impeditive effects. The hydrolysis kinetics mainly depend on the structure of the substrate and its complexity of hydrolysis. The two-step hydrolysis didn't promote the total sugar yield under the same enzyme concentration, but the first step contributed more to the total sugar yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Zhang
- College of Engineering, China Agricultural University (East Campus), 17 Qing-Hua-Dong-Lu, Hai-Dian District, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Zhiliang Fan
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, United States
| | - Junbao Li
- College of Engineering, China Agricultural University (East Campus), 17 Qing-Hua-Dong-Lu, Hai-Dian District, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Lujia Han
- College of Engineering, China Agricultural University (East Campus), 17 Qing-Hua-Dong-Lu, Hai-Dian District, Beijing 100083, PR China.
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23
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Ding D, Li P, Zhang X, Ramaswamy S, Xu F. Synergy of hemicelluloses removal and bovine serum albumin blocking of lignin for enhanced enzymatic hydrolysis. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 273:231-236. [PMID: 30447624 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Revised: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A cost efficient synergistic strategy combining mild alkaline pretreatment (0.5-5% NaOH at 70 °C for 60 min) and bovine serum albumin (BSA) blocking of lignin was evaluated for effective conversion of poplar. The highest glucose yield of 69.2% was obtained for 5% alkaline pretreated sample, which was 4.4 times that of untreated sample. The enhanced enzymatic hydrolysis was attributed to significant hemicelluloses removal with limited delignification. Delignification mainly occurred in secondary wall, leading to more open cell wall structure, thus facilitating better transport of enzyme. Hemicelluloses removal helped split adjacent microfibrils, thus increased the specific sites for cellulase binding. After BSA addition in enzymatic hydrolysis, cellulose conversion further improved to 78.4% with 33% reduction of cellulase dosage due to decreased non-specific adsorption of cellulase on residual lignin. The utilization of synergistic alkaline pretreatment - BSA strategy may improve the overall economics of biomass conversion and successful commercial implementation of biorefineries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dayong Ding
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Pengyun Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xueming Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Shri Ramaswamy
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Feng Xu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
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24
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Recent Advancements in Mycodegradation of Lignocellulosic Biomass for Bioethanol Production. Fungal Biol 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-23834-6_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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25
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Wen P, Zhang T, Wang J, Lian Z, Zhang J. Production of xylooligosaccharides and monosaccharides from poplar by a two-step acetic acid and peroxide/acetic acid pretreatment. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2019; 12:87. [PMID: 31011370 PMCID: PMC6463647 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-019-1423-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Populus (poplar) tree species including hybrid varieties are considered as promising biomass feedstock for biofuels and biochemicals production due to their fast growing, short vegetative cycle, and widely distribution. In this work, poplar was pretreated with acetic acid (AC) to produce xylooligosaccharides (XOS), and hydrogen peroxide-acetic acid (HPAC) was used to remove residual lignin in AC-pretreated poplar for enzymatic hydrolysis. The aim of this work is to produce XOS and monosaccharides from poplar by a two-step pretreatment method. RESULTS The optimal conditions for the AC pretreatment were 170 °C, 5% AC, and 30 min, giving a XOS yield of 55.8%. The optimal HPAC pretreatment conditions were 60 °C, 2 h, and 80% HPAC, resulting in 92.7% delignification and 87.8% cellulose retention in the AC-pretreated poplar. The two step-treated poplar presented 86.6% glucose yield and 89.0% xylose yield by enzymatic hydrolysis with a cellulases loading of 7.2 m/g dry mass. Very high glucose (93.8%) and xylose (94.6%) yields were obtained with 14.3 mg cellulases/g dry mass. Both Tween 80 and β-glucosidase enhanced glucose yield of HPAC-pretreated poplar by alleviating the accumulation of cellobiose. Under the optimal conditions, 6.9 g XOS, 40.3 g glucose, and 8.9 g xylose were produced from 100 g poplar. CONCLUSIONS The AC and HPAC pretreatment of poplar represented an efficient strategy to produce XOS and fermentable sugars with high yields. This two-step pretreatment was a recyclable benign and advantageous scheme for biorefinery of the poplar into XOS and monosaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiyao Wen
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, 3 Taicheng Road, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi China
| | - Tian Zhang
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, 3 Taicheng Road, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi China
| | - Jinye Wang
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, 3 Taicheng Road, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi China
| | - Zhina Lian
- Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Products, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037 Jiangsu China
| | - Junhua Zhang
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, 3 Taicheng Road, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi China
- Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Products, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037 Jiangsu China
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26
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Li J, Li W, Zhang M, Wang D. Boosting the fermentable sugar yield and concentration of corn stover by magnesium oxide pretreatment for ethanol production. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 269:400-407. [PMID: 30205265 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.08.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2018] [Revised: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/25/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
MgO pretreatment was investigated to boost the fermentable sugars derived from corn stover with LHW pretreatment as control. Compared to LHW pretreatment, MgO pretreatment caused twice hemicellulose recovery (42 vs 21%). Double hemicellulose recovery not only didn't affect glucose yield but increased xylose yield by 13% and total sugar yield by 6% under the optimal conditions (pretreatment: 10% biomass loading, 0.1 mol/L MgO, 190 °C, and 40 min; hydrolysis: pretreated biomass loading of 10 g/100 mL, enzyme loading of 1 mL/g pretreated biomass, 50 °C, and 120 h). A total sugar concentration of 50 g/L was obtained under the above conditions. Besides, the enzyme component hydrolyzing xylan may be prone to deactivation by lignin residues in pretreated biomass. Both SEM and FTIR analyses indicate that MgO effectively disrupted the biomass structures and enlarged the exposed surface area of carbohydrates, thus boosting the enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentable sugars for ethanol production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Li
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Wentao Li
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Meng Zhang
- Department of Industrial and Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Donghai Wang
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA.
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Cantero-Tubilla B, Walker LP. Transformations to reduce the effect of particle size in mid-infrared spectra of biomass. Analyst 2018; 143:5191-5201. [PMID: 30264834 DOI: 10.1039/c8an01137k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Fourier Transform InfraRed (FTIR) spectroscopy is a very powerful technique for the characterization of the chemical composition of biomass and its modifications occurring during thermochemical and chemical pretreatments. However, method development is necessary to generate reproducible signals that can be used in combination with multivariate techniques (such as principal component analysis, PCA) to extract meaningful information on biomass composition and bond cleavage. Particle size is a great source of spectra variability in FTIR of biomass. The FTIR signal for an array of particle sizes (2-0.075 mm) was evaluated for hardwood and switchgrass, revealing that 0.5 mm renders higher intensity and spectral reproducibility for both the FTIR sampling techniques investigated (ATR and HTS-XT). Furthermore, the suitability of different signal processing approaches to decrease particle size variability of spectral signals was tested (signal normalization, derivation, and their combination). Normalization showed the highest contribution to enhance ATR spectral reproducibility of both biomass, as statistically shown by the 5-fold decrease of the ratio of signal variance with magnitude of spectral features (VM ratio) with respect to the unprocessed signal. Spectral signal analysis in combination with multivariate statistics (PCA) was used to extract information about the chemical differences between hardwood and switchgrass. The agreement of the biomass composition findings from FTIR-PCA and literature wet chemistry results (acid hydrolysis) contributed to corroborating that FTIR combined with PCA is a clean, quick, efficient, and versatile technique with potential to analyze and characterize biomass composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Borja Cantero-Tubilla
- Robert Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
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Li J, Lu M, Guo X, Zhang H, Li Y, Han L. Insights into the improvement of alkaline hydrogen peroxide (AHP) pretreatment on the enzymatic hydrolysis of corn stover: Chemical and microstructural analyses. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 265:1-7. [PMID: 29860078 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.05.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Revised: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The alkaline hydrogen peroxide (AHP) pretreatment (0.5 g H2O2/g corn stover, 30 °C, 24 h) removed 91.53% of the initial lignin and 55.77% of the initial hemicellulose in corn stover and afforded a considerable glucose yield (88.34%) through enzymatic hydrolysis. A combination of chemical and microstructural analyses was used to illustrate the mechanism of the effect of AHP pretreatment on enzymatic hydrolysis. During pretreatment, H2O2-derived radicals effectively spread into and destroyed the cell wall of various parts (vascular bundle sheath, xylem vessels, tracheid, phloem, and parenchyma) of corn stover to remove most of the lignin, acetyl group, and partial hemicellulose. They destroyed the compact structure of the cellulose-hemicellulose-lignin network, increased the cellulase-accessible pore volume by 6 times, doubled the area of exposed cellulose, and decreased the unproductive adsorption of enzymes onto lignin. Combining all the effects, AHP pretreatment effectively improved the cellulose accessibility to enhance the subsequent enzymatic hydrolysis efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junbao Li
- College of Engineering, China Agricultural University (East Campus), 17 Qing-Hua-Dong-Lu, Hai-Dian District, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Minsheng Lu
- College of Engineering, China Agricultural University (East Campus), 17 Qing-Hua-Dong-Lu, Hai-Dian District, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Xiaomiao Guo
- College of Engineering, China Agricultural University (East Campus), 17 Qing-Hua-Dong-Lu, Hai-Dian District, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Haiyan Zhang
- College of Engineering, China Agricultural University (East Campus), 17 Qing-Hua-Dong-Lu, Hai-Dian District, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Yaping Li
- College of Engineering, China Agricultural University (East Campus), 17 Qing-Hua-Dong-Lu, Hai-Dian District, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Lujia Han
- College of Engineering, China Agricultural University (East Campus), 17 Qing-Hua-Dong-Lu, Hai-Dian District, Beijing 100083, PR China.
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Zhao T, Tashiro Y, Zheng J, Sakai K, Sonomoto K. Semi-hydrolysis with low enzyme loading leads to highly effective butanol fermentation. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 264:335-342. [PMID: 29886308 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.05.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Revised: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
To improve butanol fermentation efficiencies, semi-hydrolysate with low enzyme loading using H2SO4 pretreated rice straw was designed, which preferably produced cellobiose with xylose (instead of glucose). Fermentation of semi-hydrolysates avoided carbon catabolite repression (CCR) and produced higher butanol yield to enzyme loading (0.0290 g U-1), a newly proposed parameter, than the conventional glucose-oriented hydrolysate (0.00197 g U-1). Further, overall butanol productivity was improved from 0.0628 g L-1 h-1 to 0.265 g L-1 h-1 during fermentation of undetoxified semi-hydrolysate by using high cell density. A novel simultaneously repeated hydrolysis and fermentation (SRHF) was constructed by recycling of enzymes and cells, which further improved butanol yield to enzyme loading by 183% and overall butanol productivity by 6.04%. Thus, semi-hydrolysate with SRHF is a smartly designed biomass for efficient butanol fermentation of lignocellulosic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zhao
- Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Division of Systems Bioengineering, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School, Kyushu University, 6-10-1 Hakozaki, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Tashiro
- Laboratory of Soil and Environmental Microbiology, Division of Systems Bioengineering, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School, Kyushu University, 6-10-1 Hakozaki, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan; Laboratory of Microbial Environmental Protection, Tropical Microbiology Unit, Center for International Education and Research of Agriculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, 6-10-1 Hakozaki, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
| | - Jin Zheng
- State Key Lab of Petroleum Pollution Control, Beijing 102206, China; Research Division of Environment Technology, CNPC Research Institute of Safety & Environmental Technology, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Kenji Sakai
- Laboratory of Soil and Environmental Microbiology, Division of Systems Bioengineering, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School, Kyushu University, 6-10-1 Hakozaki, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan; Laboratory of Microbial Environmental Protection, Tropical Microbiology Unit, Center for International Education and Research of Agriculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, 6-10-1 Hakozaki, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
| | - Kenji Sonomoto
- Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Division of Systems Bioengineering, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School, Kyushu University, 6-10-1 Hakozaki, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan.
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Li J, Zhang M, Li J, Wang D. Corn stover pretreatment by metal oxides for improving lignin removal and reducing sugar degradation and water usage. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 263:232-241. [PMID: 29747100 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Revised: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Five metal oxides, Fe2O3, CuO, NiO, ZnO, and MgO, were investigated as catalysts to improve lignin removal and reduce sugar degradation during corn stover pretreatment. Liquid hot water (LHW) pretreatment was used as control. Among the five metal oxides, MgO was the most suitable for biomass pretreatmen. The optimal pretreatment condition was the solid/liquid ratio of 1/10 with 0.10 mol/L MgO at 190 °C for 40 min. The fermentable xylose (85%) and glucose (97%) from MgO pretreatment were equivalent to those (89 and 95%) from LHW pretreatment, and lignin removal was 1.5-fold more than that from LHW pretreatment. The pH of the resulting biomass slurry was close to 7.0 and without furfural and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural formation. Thus, the water-washing step for inhibitor removal can be omitted. The biomass liquor can be used directly for downstream hydrolysis and fermentation. Acid-resistant equipment is not required due to the absence of acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Li
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, United States
| | - Meng Zhang
- Department of Industrial and Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, United States.
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Chemistry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, United States.
| | - Donghai Wang
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, United States.
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Shahabazuddin M, Sarat Chandra T, Meena S, Sukumaran RK, Shetty NP, Mudliar SN. Thermal assisted alkaline pretreatment of rice husk for enhanced biomass deconstruction and enzymatic saccharification: Physico-chemical and structural characterization. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 263:199-206. [PMID: 29747096 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Revised: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Thermal assisted alkaline pretreatment (TAAP) of rice husk (RH) was investigated to facilitate enzymatic saccharification by enhancing the enzyme accessibility to cellulosic components. Statistically guided experiments based on the Box-Behnken design involving four factors viz. biomass loading, particle size, NaOH loading and reaction time was considered for optimization. The maximum sugar yield of 371 mg g-1 biomass was obtained at optimized pretreatment condition [biomass loading (10% w/w), particle size (0.25-0.625 mm), NaOH loading (2% w/w), and reaction time (40 min)]. The TAAP of RH resulted in the efficient removal of lignin (14.9-54% (w/w)) with low hemicellulose solubilization [10.7-33.1% (w/w)] and with a simultaneous increase in cellulose concentration [32.65-51.65% (w/w)]. The SEM analysis indicated increased porosity and biomass disruption during TAAP. The FTIR analysis showed progressive removal of noncellulosic constituents, and XRD analysis revealed an increase in cellulose crystallinity post-TAAP indicating the effectiveness of pretreatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Shahabazuddin
- Department of Plant Cell Biotechnology, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, Karnataka, India; AcSIR-Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, India
| | - T Sarat Chandra
- Department of Plant Cell Biotechnology, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, Karnataka, India
| | - S Meena
- Microbial Processes and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Trivandrum, Kerala, India
| | - R K Sukumaran
- Microbial Processes and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Trivandrum, Kerala, India
| | - N P Shetty
- Department of Plant Cell Biotechnology, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, Karnataka, India
| | - S N Mudliar
- Department of Plant Cell Biotechnology, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, Karnataka, India.
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33
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Šoštarić TD, Petrović MS, Pastor FT, Lončarević DR, Petrović JT, Milojković JV, Stojanović MD. Study of heavy metals biosorption on native and alkali-treated apricot shells and its application in wastewater treatment. J Mol Liq 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2018.03.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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34
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Zhuo S, Yan X, Liu D, Si M, Zhang K, Liu M, Peng B, Shi Y. Use of bacteria for improving the lignocellulose biorefinery process: importance of pre-erosion. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2018; 11:146. [PMID: 29796087 PMCID: PMC5964970 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-018-1146-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biological pretreatment is an important alternative strategy for biorefining lignocellulose and has attracted increasing attention in recent years. However, current designs for this pretreatment mainly focus on using various white rot fungi, overlooking the bacteria. To the best of our knowledge, for the first time, we evaluated the potential contribution of bacteria to lignocellulose pretreatment, with and without a physicochemical process, based on the bacterial strain Pandoraea sp. B-6 (hereafter B-6) that was isolated from erosive bamboo slips. Moreover, the mechanism of the improvement of reducing sugar yield by bacteria was elucidated via analyses of the physicochemical changes of corn stover (CS) before and after pretreatment. RESULTS The digestibility of CS pretreated with B-6 was equivalent to that of untreated CS. The recalcitrant CS surface provided fewer mediators for contact with the extracellular enzymes of B-6. A pre-erosion strategy using a tetrahydrofuran-water co-solvent system was shown to destroy the recalcitrant CS surface. The optimal condition for pre-erosion showed a 6.5-fold increase in enzymatic digestibility compared with untreated CS. The pre-erosion of CS can expose more phenolic compounds that were chelated to oxidized Mn3+ and also provided mediators for combination with laccase, which was attributable to B-6 pretreatment. B-6 pretreatment following pre-erosion exhibited a sugar yield that was 91.2 mg/g greater than that of pre-erosion alone and 7.5-fold higher than that of untreated CS. This pre-erosion application was able to destroy the recalcitrant CS surface, thus leading to a rough and porous architecture that better facilitated the diffusion and transport of lignin derivatives. This enhanced the ability of laccase and manganese peroxidase secreted by B-6 to improve the efficiency of this biological pretreatment. CONCLUSION Bacteria were not found useful alone as a biological pretreatment, but they significantly improved enzymatic digestion after lignocellulose breakdown via other physicochemical methods. Nonetheless, phenyl or phenoxy radicals were used by laccase and manganese peroxidase in B-6 for lignin attack or lignin depolymerization. These particular mediators released from the recalcitrance network of lignocellulose openings are important for the efficacy of this bacterial pretreatment. Our findings thus offer a novel perspective on the effective design of biological pretreatment methods for lignocellulose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengnan Zhuo
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083 China
| | - Xu Yan
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083 China
- Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, Changsha, 410083 China
| | - Dan Liu
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083 China
| | - Mengying Si
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083 China
| | - Kejing Zhang
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083 China
| | - Mingren Liu
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083 China
| | - Bing Peng
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083 China
- Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, Changsha, 410083 China
| | - Yan Shi
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083 China
- Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, Changsha, 410083 China
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35
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Dhabhai R, Niu CH, Dalai AK. Selective adsorption of water from aqueous butanol solution using canola-meal-based biosorbents. CHEM ENG COMMUN 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/00986445.2017.1412307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Dhabhai
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Catherine H. Niu
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Ajay K. Dalai
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
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36
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Characterization of the solid products from hydrothermal liquefaction of waste feedstocks from food and agricultural industries. J Supercrit Fluids 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2017.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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Yao K, Wu Q, An R, Meng W, Ding M, Li B, Yuan Y. Hydrothermal pretreatment for deconstruction of plant cell wall: Part I. Effect on lignin-carbohydrate complex. AIChE J 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/aic.16114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kun Yao
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology; Tianjin University; Tianjin 300072 China
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, Ministry of Education; Tianjin 300072 China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering; Tianjin China
| | - Qinfeng Wu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology; Tianjin University; Tianjin 300072 China
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, Ministry of Education; Tianjin 300072 China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering; Tianjin China
| | - Ran An
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology; Tianjin University; Tianjin 300072 China
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, Ministry of Education; Tianjin 300072 China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering; Tianjin China
| | - Wei Meng
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology; Tianjin University; Tianjin 300072 China
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, Ministry of Education; Tianjin 300072 China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering; Tianjin China
| | - Mingzhu Ding
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology; Tianjin University; Tianjin 300072 China
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, Ministry of Education; Tianjin 300072 China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering; Tianjin China
| | - Bingzhi Li
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology; Tianjin University; Tianjin 300072 China
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, Ministry of Education; Tianjin 300072 China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering; Tianjin China
| | - Yingjin Yuan
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology; Tianjin University; Tianjin 300072 China
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, Ministry of Education; Tianjin 300072 China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering; Tianjin China
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Ghasemi M, Alexandridis P, Tsianou M. Dissolution of Cellulosic Fibers: Impact of Crystallinity and Fiber Diameter. Biomacromolecules 2018; 19:640-651. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.7b01745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Ghasemi
- Department of Chemical and
Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York (SUNY), Buffalo, New York 14260-4200, United States
| | - Paschalis Alexandridis
- Department of Chemical and
Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York (SUNY), Buffalo, New York 14260-4200, United States
| | - Marina Tsianou
- Department of Chemical and
Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York (SUNY), Buffalo, New York 14260-4200, United States
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Laluce C, Igbojionu LI, Dussán KJ. Fungal Enzymes Applied to Industrial Processes for Bioethanol Production. Fungal Biol 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-90379-8_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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40
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Sun S, Zhang L, Liu F, Fan X, Sun RC. One-step process of hydrothermal and alkaline treatment of wheat straw for improving the enzymatic saccharification. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2018; 11:137. [PMID: 29774050 PMCID: PMC5948715 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-018-1140-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To increase the production of bioethanol, a two-step process based on hydrothermal and dilute alkaline treatment was applied to reduce the natural resistance of biomass. However, the process required a large amount of water and a long operation time due to the solid/liquid separation before the alkaline treatment, which led to decrease the pure economic profit for production of bioethanol. Therefore, four one-step processes based on order of hydrothermal and alkaline treatment have been developed to enhance concentration of glucose of wheat straw by enzymatic saccharification. The aim of the present study was to systematically evaluated effect for different one-step processes by analyzing the physicochemical properties (composition, structural change, crystallinity, surface morphology, and BET surface area) and enzymatic saccharification of the treated substrates. RESULTS In this study, hemicelluloses and lignins were removed from wheat straw and the morphologic structures were destroyed to various extents during the four one-step processes, which were favorable for cellulase absorption on cellulose. A positive correlation was also observed between the crystallinity and enzymatic saccharification rate of the substrate under the conditions given. The surface area of the substrate was positively related to the concentration of glucose in this study. As compared to the control (3.0 g/L) and treated substrates (11.2-14.6 g/L) obtained by the other three one-step processes, the substrate treated by one-step process based on successively hydrothermal and alkaline treatment had a maximum glucose concentration of 18.6 g/L, which was due to the high cellulose concentration and surface area for the substrate, accompanying with removal of large amounts of lignins and hemicelluloses. CONCLUSIONS The present study demonstrated that the order of hydrothermal and alkaline treatment had significant effects on the physicochemical properties and enzymatic saccharification of wheat straw. The one-step process based on successively hydrothermal and alkaline treatment is a simple operating and economical feasible method for the production of glucose, which will be further converted into bioethanol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaolong Sun
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 Guangdong China
| | - Lidan Zhang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 Guangdong China
| | - Fang Liu
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 Guangdong China
| | - Xiaolin Fan
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 Guangdong China
| | - Run-Cang Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083 China
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Yang M, Wang J, Hou X, Wu J, Fan X, Jiang F, Tao P, Wang F, Peng P, Yang F, Zhang J. Exploring surface characterization and electrostatic property of Hybrid Pennisetum during alkaline sulfite pretreatment for enhanced enzymatic hydrolysability. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 244:1166-1172. [PMID: 28869121 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.08.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Revised: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The surface characterization and electrostatic property of Hybrid Pennisetum (HP) after alkaline sulfite pretreatment were explored for enhanced enzymatic hydrolysability. The O/C ratio in HP increased from 0.34 to 0.60, and C1 concentration decreased from 62.5% to 31.6%, indicating that alkaline sulfite pretreatment caused poorer lignin but richer carbohydrate on HP surface. Zeta potential and sulfur element analysis indicated that more enzymes would preferably adsorb on the carbohydrate surface of alkaline sulfite pretreated HP because the lignin was sulfonated, which facilitated the decrease of non-productive adsorption. Glucose yield of alkaline sulfite pretreated HP reached to 100% by synergistic action of cellulase and xylanase in the hydrolysis, which was significantly higher than that of NaOH pretreated, and the concentration of glucose released was 1.52times higher. The results suggested that alkaline sulfite pretreatment had potential for improving the HP hydrolysability, and the surface characterization and electrostatic property facilitated the enzymatic digestibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Yang
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, 3 Taicheng Road, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Jingfeng Wang
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, 3 Taicheng Road, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Xincun Hou
- Beijing Research and Development Center for Grass and Environment, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Juying Wu
- Beijing Research and Development Center for Grass and Environment, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Xifeng Fan
- Beijing Research and Development Center for Grass and Environment, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Fan Jiang
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, 3 Taicheng Road, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Pan Tao
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, 3 Taicheng Road, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Fan Wang
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, 3 Taicheng Road, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Pai Peng
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, 3 Taicheng Road, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Fangxia Yang
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, 3 Taicheng Road, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Junhua Zhang
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, 3 Taicheng Road, Yangling 712100, China.
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Abstract
The global push toward an efficient and economical biobased economy has driven research to develop more cost-effective applications for the entirety of plant biomass, including lignocellulosic crops. As discussed elsewhere (Karlsson M, Atanasova L, Funck Jensen D, Zeilinger S, in Heitman J et al. [ed], Tuberculosis and the Tubercle Bacillus, 2nd ed, in press), significant progress has been made in the use of polysaccharide fractions from lignocellulose, cellulose, and various hemicellulose types. However, developing processes for use of the lignin fraction has been more challenging. In this chapter, we discuss characteristics of lignolytic enzymes and the fungi that produce them as well as potential and current uses of lignin-derived products.
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Relations Between Moso Bamboo Surface Properties Pretreated by Kraft Cooking and Dilute Acid with Enzymatic Digestibility. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2017; 183:1526-1538. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-017-2520-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Zhang H, Chen L, Li J, Lu M, Han L. Quantitative characterization of enzyme adsorption and hydrolytic performance for ultrafine grinding pretreated corn stover. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 234:23-32. [PMID: 28315601 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Revised: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Quantitative analysis of enzyme adsorption and hydrolysis were performed for sieve-based grinding corn stover (SGCS) and ultrafine grinding corn stover (UGCS)1 with different enzyme consumptions. The UGCS presented significantly higher enzyme adsorption quantity (5.15mg/g for UGCS, 1.33mg/g for SGCS), higher glucose yield (49.75% for UGCS, 28.75% for SGCS) under 20FPU/g and higher binding enzyme proportion (41.32% for UGCS, 10.64% for SGCS under 5FPU/g) which can be attributed to the more accessible microstructure properties. The relationship between enzyme adsorption and hydrolytic production was directly proportional for SGCS (GY1=21.04×AQ1+1.86 (R2=0.95)) while was exponential for UGCS (GY2=49.42×(1-e-0.57×AQ2) (R2=0.99)),2 indicating that overmuch enzyme consumption was not advisable for UGCS at economical aspect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Zhang
- China Agricultural University (East Campus), 17 Qing-Hua-Dong-Lu, Hai-Dian District, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Longjian Chen
- China Agricultural University (East Campus), 17 Qing-Hua-Dong-Lu, Hai-Dian District, Beijing 100083, PR China.
| | - Junbao Li
- China Agricultural University (East Campus), 17 Qing-Hua-Dong-Lu, Hai-Dian District, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Minsheng Lu
- China Agricultural University (East Campus), 17 Qing-Hua-Dong-Lu, Hai-Dian District, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Lujia Han
- China Agricultural University (East Campus), 17 Qing-Hua-Dong-Lu, Hai-Dian District, Beijing 100083, PR China
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Particle Morphology Analysis of Biomass Material Based on Improved Image Processing Method. Int J Anal Chem 2017; 2017:5840690. [PMID: 28298925 PMCID: PMC5337379 DOI: 10.1155/2017/5840690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Particle morphology, including size and shape, is an important factor that significantly influences the physical and chemical properties of biomass material. Based on image processing technology, a method was developed to process sample images, measure particle dimensions, and analyse the particle size and shape distributions of knife-milled wheat straw, which had been preclassified into five nominal size groups using mechanical sieving approach. Considering the great variation of particle size from micrometer to millimeter, the powders greater than 250 μm were photographed by a flatbed scanner without zoom function, and the others were photographed using a scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with high-image resolution. Actual imaging tests confirmed the excellent effect of backscattered electron (BSE) imaging mode of SEM. Particle aggregation is an important factor that affects the recognition accuracy of the image processing method. In sample preparation, the singulated arrangement and ultrasonic dispersion methods were used to separate powders into particles that were larger and smaller than the nominal size of 250 μm. In addition, an image segmentation algorithm based on particle geometrical information was proposed to recognise the finer clustered powders. Experimental results demonstrated that the improved image processing method was suitable to analyse the particle size and shape distributions of ground biomass materials and solve the size inconsistencies in sieving analysis.
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Kamm B, Leiß S, Schönicke P, Bierbaum M. Biorefining of Lignocellulosic Feedstock by a Modified Ammonia Fiber Expansion Pretreatment and Enzymatic Hydrolysis for Production of Fermentable Sugars. CHEMSUSCHEM 2017; 10:48-52. [PMID: 27898203 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201601511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Wheat straw was pretreated and afterwards enzymatically hydrolyzed using a modified ammonia fiber expansion (AFEX) process under different reaction conditions to produce fermentable sugars. Instead of liquid ammonia, aqueous ammonia (25 % w/v) was used to test its influence on the sugar concentration and yield of the sugars. It is shown that a protein extraction after the pretreatment can distinctly improve the result obtained for the enzymatic hydrolysis. This modified AFEX process using aqueous ammonia represents a simpler and less expensive variant of the AFEX process usually described in literature. Thus, the described process can be used for the primary refining of lignocellulosic feedstocks in the sense of a roadmap for biorefinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birgit Kamm
- Research Institute Biopos e.V. and BTU Cottbus-Senftenberg, Kantstraße 55, 14513, Teltow-Seehof, Germany
| | - Sebastian Leiß
- Biorefinery.de GmbH, Kantstraße 55, 14513, Teltow-Seehof, Germany
| | - Petra Schönicke
- Research Institute Biopos e.V. and BTU Cottbus-Senftenberg, Kantstraße 55, 14513, Teltow-Seehof, Germany
| | - Matthias Bierbaum
- Research Institute Biopos e.V. and BTU Cottbus-Senftenberg, Kantstraße 55, 14513, Teltow-Seehof, Germany
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Crowe JD, Feringa N, Pattathil S, Merritt B, Foster C, Dines D, Ong RG, Hodge DB. Identification of developmental stage and anatomical fraction contributions to cell wall recalcitrance in switchgrass. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2017; 10:184. [PMID: 28725264 PMCID: PMC5512841 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-017-0870-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heterogeneity within herbaceous biomass can present important challenges for processing feedstocks to cellulosic biofuels. Alterations to cell wall composition and organization during plant growth represent major contributions to heterogeneity within a single species or cultivar. To address this challenge, the focus of this study was to characterize the relationship between composition and properties of the plant cell wall and cell wall response to deconstruction by NaOH pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis for anatomical fractions (stem internodes, leaf sheaths, and leaf blades) within switchgrass at various tissue maturities as assessed by differing internode. RESULTS Substantial differences in both cell wall composition and response to deconstruction were observed as a function of anatomical fraction and tissue maturity. Notably, lignin content increased with tissue maturity concurrently with decreasing ferulate content across all three anatomical fractions. Stem internodes exhibited the highest lignin content as well as the lowest hydrolysis yields, which were inversely correlated to lignin content. Confocal microscopy was used to demonstrate that removal of cell wall aromatics (i.e., lignins and hydroxycinnamates) by NaOH pretreatment was non-uniform across diverse cell types. Non-cellulosic polysaccharides were linked to differences in cell wall response to deconstruction in lower lignin fractions. Specifically, leaf sheath and leaf blade were found to have higher contents of substituted glucuronoarabinoxylans and pectic polysaccharides. Glycome profiling demonstrated that xylan and pectic polysaccharide extractability varied with stem internode maturity, with more mature internodes requiring harsher chemical extractions to remove comparable glycan abundances relative to less mature internodes. While enzymatic hydrolysis was performed on extractives-free biomass, extractible sugars (i.e., starch and sucrose) comprised a significant portion of total dry weight particularly in stem internodes, and may provide an opportunity for recovery during processing. CONCLUSIONS Cell wall structural differences within a single plant can play a significant role in feedstock properties and have the potential to be exploited for improving biomass processability during a biorefining process. The results from this work demonstrate that cell wall lignin content, while generally exhibiting a negative correlation with enzymatic hydrolysis yields, is not the sole contributor to cell wall recalcitrance across diverse anatomical fractions within switchgrass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob D. Crowe
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI USA
| | - Nicholas Feringa
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI USA
| | - Sivakumar Pattathil
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA USA
- Bioenergy Science Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN USA
| | - Brian Merritt
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA USA
| | - Cliff Foster
- DOE-Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI USA
| | - Dayna Dines
- DOE-Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI USA
| | - Rebecca G. Ong
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI USA
| | - David B. Hodge
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI USA
- DOE-Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI USA
- Department of Biosystems & Agricultural Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI USA
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, Luleå, Sweden
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Vestena M, Gross IP, Muller CMO, Pires ATN. Isolation of whiskers from natural sources and their dispersed in a non-aqueous medium. POLIMEROS 2016. [DOI: 10.1590/0104-1428.2367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Vestena
- Universidade Federal Santa Catarina, Brazil; Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, Brazil
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Understanding the Impacts of AFEX™ Pretreatment and Densification on the Fast Pyrolysis of Corn Stover, Prairie Cord Grass, and Switchgrass. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2016; 181:1060-1079. [PMID: 27723010 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-016-2269-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Lignocellulosic feedstocks corn stover, prairie cord grass, and switchgrass were subjected to ammonia fiber expansion (AFEX™) pretreatment and densified using extrusion pelleting and ComPAKco densification technique. The effects of AFEX™ pretreatment and densification were studied on the fast pyrolysis product yields. Feedstocks were milled in a hammer mill using three different screen sizes (2, 4, and 8 mm) and were subjected to AFEX™ pretreatment. The untreated and AFEX™-pretreated feedstocks were moisture adjusted at three levels (5, 10, and 15 % wb) and were extruded using a lab-scale single screw extruder. The barrel temperature of the extruder was maintained at 75, 100, and 125 °C. Durability of the extruded pellets made from AFEX™-pretreated corn stover, prairie cord grass, and switchgrass varied from 94.5 to 99.2, 94.3 to 98.7, and 90.1 to 97.5 %, respectively. Results of the thermogravimetric analysis showed the decrease in the decomposition temperature of the all the feedstocks after AFEX™ pretreatment indicating the increase in thermal stability. Loose and densified feedstocks were subjected to fast pyrolysis in a lab-scale reactor, and the yields (bio-oil and bio-char) were measured. Bio-char obtained from the AFEX™-pretreated feedstocks exhibited increased bulk and particle density compared to the untreated feedstocks. The properties of the bio-oil were statistically similar for the untreated, AFEX™-pretreated, and AFEX™-pretreated densified feedstocks. Based on the bio-char and bio-oil yields, the AFEX™-pretreated feedstocks and the densified AFEX™-pretreated feedstocks (pellets and PAKs) exhibited similar behavior. Hence, it can be concluded that densifying the AFEX™-pretreated feedstocks could be a viable option in the biomass-processing depots to reduce the transportation costs and the logistical impediments without affecting the product yields.
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Magyar M, Jin M, Sousa LDC, Aleid SM, Al-Hajhoj MR, Sudhakar B, Balan V. Empty Fruit Bunch from Date Palm Industries—A Sustainable Resource for Producing Biofuels and Industrial Solvents. Ind Biotechnol (New Rochelle N Y) 2016. [DOI: 10.1089/ind.2015.0036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Margaret Magyar
- Biomass Conversion Research Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Michigan State University, Lansing, MI
| | - Mingjie Jin
- Biomass Conversion Research Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Michigan State University, Lansing, MI
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Leonardo da Costa Sousa
- Biomass Conversion Research Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Michigan State University, Lansing, MI
| | - Salah Mohammed Aleid
- Date Palm Research Center of Excellence, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Department of Food and Nutrition Science, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Balakrishnan Sudhakar
- Date Palm Research Center of Excellence, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Venkatesh Balan
- Biomass Conversion Research Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Michigan State University, Lansing, MI
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