1
|
Mao Y, Kong X, Liang Z, Yang C, Wang S, Fan H, Ning C, Xiao W, Wu Y, Wu J, Yuan L, Yuan Z. Viola yedoensis Makino alleviates heat stress-induced inflammation, oxidative stress, and cell apoptosis in the spleen and thymus of broilers. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 319:117350. [PMID: 37907144 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Viola yedoensis Makino (VYM) is a traditional Chinese herbal medicine widely distributed in China. It has many pharmacological effects such as anti-inflammatory, immune regulation and anti-oxidation. However, the protective effect of VYM on the spleen and thymus of broilers induced by heat stress has rarely been reported. AIM OF THE STUDY We established a heat stress model of broilers to explore the protective effect of VYM on spleen and thymus of broilers. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this experiment, a heat stress model was made by adjusting the feeding temperature of broilers. The protective effect of VYM on the spleen and thymus of heat-stressed broilers were evaluated by detecting immune organ coefficient, histological observation, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, production of antioxidant enzymes and peroxides, TUNEL Staining, Quantitative Real-time PCR. RESULTS In this study, 60 healthy male AA broilers were divided into 6 groups: Control, 4.5% VYM, HS, HS + 0.5% VYM, HS + 1.5% VYM, HS + 4.5% VYM. After 42 days of feeding, serum, spleen and thymus were collected for detection and analysis. The study revealed that heat stress can lead to pathological damage in the spleen and thymus of broilers, reduce the content of immunoglobulin and newcastle disease (ND), infectious bursal disease (IBD) antibody levels, increase the expression of inflammatory factors IL-1β, INF-γ, heat shock 70 kDa protein (HSP70), heat shock 90 kDa protein (HSP90). Heat stress inhibits the activity of antioxidant enzymes CAT and SOD, promotes the production of MDA, and then lead to oxidative damage of the spleen and thymus. In addition, apoptotic cells and the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2 was increased. However, the addition of VYM to the feed can alleviate the adverse effects of heat stress on the spleen and thymus of broilers. CONCLUSIONS This study showed that the addition of VYM to the diet could inhibit oxidative stress and apoptosis, and reduce the inflammatory damage of heat stress on the spleen and thymus of broilers. This study provides a basis for further exploring the regulatory role of VYM in heat stress-induced immune imbalance in broilers. In addition, this study also provides a theoretical basis for the development of VYM as a feed additive with immunomodulatory effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Mao
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Health Care, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, PR China
| | - Xiangyi Kong
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Health Care, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, PR China
| | - Zengenni Liang
- Department of Hunan Agricultural Product Processing Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410128, PR China
| | - Chenglin Yang
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Health Care, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, PR China
| | - Siqi Wang
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Health Care, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, PR China
| | - Hui Fan
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Health Care, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, PR China
| | - Can Ning
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Health Care, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, PR China
| | - Wenguang Xiao
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Health Care, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, PR China
| | - You Wu
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Health Care, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, PR China
| | - Jing Wu
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Health Care, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, PR China
| | - Liyun Yuan
- Xiangyang Vocational and Technical College, Xiangyang 441050, PR China
| | - Zhihang Yuan
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Health Care, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhang Q, Wang Q, Chen S. A comprehensive review of phytochemistry, pharmacology and quality control of plants from the genus Viola. J Pharm Pharmacol 2023; 75:1-32. [PMID: 35866842 DOI: 10.1093/jpp/rgac041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The genus Viola belongs to the family Violaceae, and the plants from this genus are essential folk herb medicine extensively used in many areas. The plants from the genus Viola are used to treat various diseases and exert a significant role in protecting people's health. This review summarized the genus Viola plants' phytochemistry, pharmacology, and quality control methods. KEY FINDINGS The information on chemical constituents and pharmacological effects of the genus Viola was obtained by searching the Web of Science, Pubmed, CNKI, and other databases. A total of 208 valuable articles were selected and analyzed in this review. The main chemical components of plants from the genus Viola consist of flavonoids, coumarins, alkaloids, lignans, sesquiterpenes, cyclotides, etc. The active chemical components of medicinal plants from this genus exert antibacterial, antiviral, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, neuroprotective, hepatoprotective activities, and so on. The quality control of these plants is not sufficient and needs further research. SUMMARY The chemical constituents, pharmacological effects, and quality control of plants from the genus Viola were systematically summarized in this paper, and this review provides a literature basis for the further research of plants from this genus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qing Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Qing Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Suiqing Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ren M, Zhang J, Dai S, Wang C, Chen Z, Zhang S, Xu J, Qin X, Liu F. CX3CR1 deficiency exacerbates immune-mediated hepatitis by increasing NF-κB-mediated cytokine production in macrophage and T cell. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2023; 248:117-129. [PMID: 36426712 PMCID: PMC10041049 DOI: 10.1177/15353702221128573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune-mediated hepatitis is marked by liver inflammation characterized by immune cell infiltration, chemokine/cytokine production, and hepatocyte injury. C-X3C motif receptor 1 (CX3CR1), as the receptor of chemokine C-X3C motif ligand 1 (CX3CL1)/fractalkine, is mainly expressed on immune cells including monocytes and T cells. Previous studies have shown that CX3CR1 protects against liver fibrosis, but the exact role of CX3CL1/CX3CR1 in acute immune-mediated hepatitis remains unknown. Here, we investigate the role of the CX3CL1/CX3CR1 axis in immune-mediated hepatitis using concanavalin A (ConA)-induced liver injury model in CX3CR1-deficient (Cx3cr1-/-) mice. We observed that Cx3cr1-/- mice had severe liver injury and increased pro-inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-alpha [TNF-α], interferon-gamma [IFN-γ], interleukin-1 beta [IL-1β], and IL-6) in serum and liver compared to wild-type (Cx3cr1+/+) mice after ConA injection. The deficiency of CX3CR1 did not affect ConA-induced immune cell infiltration in liver but led to elevated production of TNF-α in macrophages as well as IFN-γ in T cells after ConA treatment. On the contrary, exogenous CX3CL1 attenuated ConA-induced cytokine production in wild type, but not CX3CR1-deficient macrophages and T cells. Furthermore, in vitro results showed that CX3CR1 deficiency promoted the pro-inflammatory cytokine expression by increasing the phosphorylation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) p65 (p-NF-κB p65). Finally, pre-treatment of p-NF-κB p65 inhibitor, resveratrol, attenuated ConA-induced liver injury and inflammatory responses, especially in Cx3cr1-/- mice. In conclusion, our data show that the deficiency of CX3CR1 promotes pro-inflammatory cytokine production in macrophages and T cells by enhancing the phosphorylation of NF-κB p65, which exacerbates liver injury in ConA-induced hepatitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mi Ren
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, People's Republic of China
- Division of Comparative Pathology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA 70433, USA
| | - Jinyan Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, People's Republic of China
| | - Shen Dai
- Division of Comparative Pathology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA 70433, USA
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250000, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenxiao Wang
- Division of Comparative Pathology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA 70433, USA
| | - Zheng Chen
- Division of Comparative Pathology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA 70433, USA
| | - Siqi Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, People's Republic of China
| | - Junming Xu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuebin Qin
- Division of Comparative Pathology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA 70433, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Fengming Liu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250000, People's Republic of China
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Yang W, Shao F, Wang J, Shen T, Zhao Y, Fu X, Zhang L, Li H. Ethyl Acetate Extract from Artemisia argyi Prevents Liver Damage in ConA-Induced Immunological Liver Injury Mice via Bax/Bcl-2 and TLR4/MyD88/NF- κB Signaling Pathways. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27227883. [PMID: 36431983 PMCID: PMC9693258 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27227883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immunological liver injury (ILI) is a common liver disease and lacks potent drugs for treatment. Artemisia argyi Lévl. et Vant. (A. argyi), a medicinal and edible homologous plant usually used in diet therapy to cure various liver diseases, provides a great option for the prevention of ILI. PURPOSE To investigate the effect that ethyl acetate extract of A. argyi (AaEA) on Concanavalin A (ConA)-induced ILI and the mechanism of regulating Bax/Bcl-2 and TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathways. METHODS The chemical components of AaEA were studied by LC-MS. In animal experiments, the positive control group was administrated diammonium glycyrrhizinate (DIG, 100 mg/kg), while different doses of AaEA groups (AaEA-H, AaEA-M, AaEA-L) were pretreated with AaEA 2.00, 1.00, and 0.50 g/kg, respectively, by intragastric for seven days, once every day. Then, ConA (12.00 mg/kg) was used through tail intravenous injection to establish the ILI model. The blood samples and livers were collected to test the degree of liver dysfunction, inflammation, oxidative stress, histopathological changes, and cell apoptosis. Real-time PCR and Western blotting analysis were used to explain the mechanism of regulating Bax/Bcl-2 and TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathways. RESULTS The way in which AaEA prevents liver damage in immunological liver injury (ILI) mice caused by ConA was investigated for the first time. Pretreatment with AaEA reduced the expression of ALT, AST, and inflammatory factors (TNF-α and IFN-γ). Meanwhile, AaEA also reduced MDA levels but upregulated the contents of IL-4, SOD, and GSH-px, alleviating oxidative stress induced by ILI. Western blotting and real-time PCR analysis demonstrated that AaEA could regulate the expression level and relative mRNA expression of key proteins on Bax/Bcl-2 and TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathways. Finally, 504 components from AaEA were identified by LC-MS analysis, mainly including flavones, phenolic acids, and terpenoids with anti-inflammatory and liver protective activities, which highlights the potential of AaEA for diet treatment of ILI. CONCLUSION AaEA can work against ConA-induced ILI in mice by regulating Bax/Bcl-2 and TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathways, which has the potential to be a great strategy for the prevention of ILI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenqian Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Fei Shao
- College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Jiexin Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Tong Shen
- College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Yu Zhao
- College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Xueyan Fu
- College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
- Ningxia Research Center of Modern Hui Medicine Engineering and Technology, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750000, China
- Key Laboratory of Ningxia Ethnomedicine Modernization, Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Liming Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
- Ningxia Research Center of Modern Hui Medicine Engineering and Technology, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750000, China
- Key Laboratory of Ningxia Ethnomedicine Modernization, Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
- Correspondence: (L.Z.); (H.L.)
| | - Hangying Li
- College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
- Ningxia Research Center of Modern Hui Medicine Engineering and Technology, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750000, China
- Key Laboratory of Ningxia Ethnomedicine Modernization, Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
- Correspondence: (L.Z.); (H.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Li C, Li J, Lai J, Liu Y. The pharmacological and pharmacokinetic properties of esculin: A comprehensive review. Phytother Res 2022; 36:2434-2448. [PMID: 35599456 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chun‐xiao Li
- Department of Dermatology Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Chengdu China
| | - Jing‐chun Li
- Department of Dermatology Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Chengdu China
| | - Jiang Lai
- Department of Anorectal Surgery Third People's Hospital of Chengdu Chengdu China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Dermatology Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Chengdu China
| |
Collapse
|