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Wu X, Zhang Q, Peng L, Tian Z, Gou G, Zuo W, Yang J. Colon-targeted piperine-glycyrrhizic acid nanocrystals for ulcerative colitis synergetic therapy via macrophage polarization. J Mater Chem B 2024; 12:1604-1616. [PMID: 38269414 DOI: 10.1039/d3tb02312e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory disease that affects the gastrointestinal tract and is characterized by immune dysregulation. Oral administration of nanoformulations containing immunomodulators is a desirable approach to treating UC. However, low drug-loading (<10%, typically), premature drug release, and systemic absorption of these nanoformulations continue to be significant challenges restricting clinical applications. Herein, we developed colon-targeted piperine-glycyrrhizic acid nanocrystals (ES100-PIP/GA NCs) to treat UC through the regulation of macrophages. The ES100-PIP/GA NCs exhibited ultra-high drug loading and colon-specific drug release. In vitro studies demonstrated that the ES100-PIP/GA NCs could effectively be internalized by lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW 264.7 and Caco-2 cells. More importantly, the ES100-PIP/GA NCs could downregulate pro-inflammatory factors (IL-1β, IL-17A), upregulate anti-inflammatory factors (TGF-β1), and repair the intestinal mucosal barrier. In a murine model of acute colitis induced by dextran sodium sulfate (DSS), ES100-PIP/GA NCs could protect PIP and GA from gastric acid destruction, reach the colon, and significantly inhibit colitis. Surprisingly, ES100-PIP/GA NCs enhance M2 macrophages by increasing the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), and inhibit M1 macrophages by reducing hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α). Overall, this study shows that ES100-PIP/GA NCs have synergistic immunotherapy capabilities with macrophage regulation, which offers a promising blueprint for the oral delivery of multicomponent drugs in UC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Wu
- Departmert of Pharmaceutics, School of Phammacy, Ningxia Medical University, No. 1160 Shengli South Street, Yinchuan 750004, PR China.
| | - Qian Zhang
- Departmert of Pharmaceutics, School of Phammacy, Ningxia Medical University, No. 1160 Shengli South Street, Yinchuan 750004, PR China.
| | - Li Peng
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, No. 804 Shengli South Street, Yinchuan 750004, PR China
| | - Zonghua Tian
- Departmert of Pharmaceutics, School of Phammacy, Ningxia Medical University, No. 1160 Shengli South Street, Yinchuan 750004, PR China.
| | - Guojing Gou
- Department of Medical Chemistry, School of Basic Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, No. 1160 Shengli South Street, Yinchuan 750004, PR China
- Departmert of Pharmaceutics, School of Phammacy, Ningxia Medical University, No. 1160 Shengli South Street, Yinchuan 750004, PR China.
| | - Wenbao Zuo
- Departmert of Pharmaceutics, School of Phammacy, Ningxia Medical University, No. 1160 Shengli South Street, Yinchuan 750004, PR China.
| | - Jianhong Yang
- Departmert of Pharmaceutics, School of Phammacy, Ningxia Medical University, No. 1160 Shengli South Street, Yinchuan 750004, PR China.
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Malintha GHT, Jeong JB, Gunathilaka BE, Hasanthi M, Yun KS, Lee KJ. Effects of dietary piperine supplementation on innate immunity, growth performance, feed utilization and intestinal morphology of olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus). FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2023; 49:925-937. [PMID: 37594621 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-023-01229-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
Piperine, the main bioactive component of black pepper (Piper nigrum) or long pepper (Piper longum), has anti-inflammatory, antifungal, and antibacterial properties. This study was carried out to evaluate the supplemental effects of piperine in olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) diets. Six isonitrogenous and isolipidic diets were formulated to contain different levels of piperine at 0.00, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, 1.00, and 2.00 g/kg (Con, P25, P50, P75, P100, and P200, respectively). Diets were randomly allocated to triplicate groups of fish (initial weight 27.6 ± 0.4 g, 30 fish/tank) and fed three times daily for 8 weeks. Results showed that dietary piperine significantly improved fish growth and feed utilization efficiency. The highest growth, including the highest Igf-1 mRNA expression, was observed in the P50 group, while P50 and P75 groups showed the highest protein efficiency ratio. Compared to the Con group piperine supplemented groups had significantly higher lysozyme activity, immunoglobulin level, and phagocytosis activities. Plasma cholesterol was significantly lower in fish fed P200 diet. Dry matter and protein digestibility were higher in P25, P50, and P75 groups than in Con group. Dietary piperine increased the intestinal villi length and goblet cell counts. In the challenge test against Edwardsiella tarda, all the groups supplemented with piperine showed higher cumulative survival compared to Con group. Therefore, these findings indicate that dietary piperine supplementation can improve growth performance, innate immunity, disease resistance, diet digestibility, and intestinal morphology of olive flounder. The optimum dietary piperine level seems to be approximately 0.5 g/kg for the fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- G H T Malintha
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, Jeju National University, 63243, Jeju, South Korea
| | - Joon Bum Jeong
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, Jeju National University, 63243, Jeju, South Korea
| | - Buddhi E Gunathilaka
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, Jeju National University, 63243, Jeju, South Korea
| | - Mirasha Hasanthi
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, Jeju National University, 63243, Jeju, South Korea
| | - Kwan-Sik Yun
- Synergen Inc., Bucheon-Si, Gyeonggi-Do, South Korea
| | - Kyeong-Jun Lee
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, Jeju National University, 63243, Jeju, South Korea.
- Marine Science Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63333, South Korea.
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Niyomchan A, Chatgat W, Chatawatee B, Keereekoch T, Issuriya A, Jaisamut P, Chusri S, Kunworarath N. Safety Evaluation of the Polyherbal Formulation NawaTab: Acute and Subacute Oral Toxicity Studies in Rats. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2023; 2023:9413458. [PMID: 37528898 PMCID: PMC10390268 DOI: 10.1155/2023/9413458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
NawaTab is a tablet formulation developed from the Nawametho polyherbal formula used in Surat Thani province, Southern Thailand, for the treatment of hyperlipidemia. This study aims at evaluating the acute and subacute toxicity of NawaTab in rats. In the acute toxicity study, NawaTab was evaluated in female rats following the OECD Guideline No. 423. In the subacute toxicity study, NawaTab was tested in both male and female rats following the OECD Guideline No. 407. In the acute toxicity study, no lethal effects or toxic signs were observed during the duration of the study. In the subacute toxicity study, there was no mortality and no abnormality in clinical signs, body weight, food consumption, relative organ weight, and hematological parameters of NawaTab-treated rats. Significantly increased water consumption by male rats (500 mg/kg BW) and female rats (250, 500, and 1000 mg/kg BW) was observed. In addition, globulin and total cholesterol of female rats (1000 mg/kg BW) significantly increased. These alterations were within normal physiological ranges. Moreover, necropsy and histopathological findings of NawaTab-treated rats demonstrated no obvious alterations attributable to NawaTab administration. The present study revealed that NawaTab has no significant acute oral toxicological effects. The lethal dose with a 50% mortality rate (LD50) was higher than 5000 mg/kg BW in rats. The subacute oral administration of NawaTab for 28 days did not have any major toxicological effects. Based on this study, NawaTab could be safe to use with caution pending its chronic toxicity study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apichaya Niyomchan
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Wasapon Chatgat
- Faculty of Traditional Thai Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
| | - Bodin Chatawatee
- Traditional Thai Medical Hospital, Faculty of Traditional Thai Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
- Traditional Thai Medical Research and Innovation Center, Faculty of Traditional Thai Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
| | - Thaweeporn Keereekoch
- Faculty of Traditional Thai Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
- Traditional Thai Medical Research and Innovation Center, Faculty of Traditional Thai Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
| | - Acharaporn Issuriya
- Division of Health and Applied Sciences, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
| | - Patcharawalai Jaisamut
- Faculty of Traditional Thai Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
- Traditional Thai Medical Research and Innovation Center, Faculty of Traditional Thai Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
| | - Sasitorn Chusri
- School of Health Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Muang, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand
| | - Nongluk Kunworarath
- Faculty of Traditional Thai Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
- Traditional Thai Medical Research and Innovation Center, Faculty of Traditional Thai Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
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Newerli-Guz J, Śmiechowska M. Health Benefits and Risks of Consuming Spices on the Example of Black Pepper and Cinnamon. Foods 2022; 11:foods11182746. [PMID: 36140874 PMCID: PMC9498169 DOI: 10.3390/foods11182746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study is to present the benefits and risks associated with the consumption of black pepper and cinnamon, which are very popular spices in Poland. The article presents the current state of knowledge about health properties and possible dangers, such as liver damage, associated with their consumption. The experimental part presents the results of the research on the antioxidant properties against the DPPH radical, which was 80.85 ± 3.84–85.42 ± 2.34% for black pepper, and 55.52 ± 7.56–91.87 ± 2.93% for cinnamon. The total content of polyphenols in black pepper was 10.67 ± 1.30–32.13 ± 0.24 mg GAE/g, and in cinnamon 52.34 ± 0.96–94.71 ± 3.34 mg GAE/g. In addition, the content of piperine and pepper oil in black pepper was determined, as well as the content of coumarin in cinnamon. The content of piperine in the black pepper samples was in the range of 3.92 ± 0.35–9.23 ± 0.05%. The tested black pepper samples contained 0.89 ± 0.08–2.19 ± 0.15 mL/100 g d.m. of essential oil. The coumarin content in the cinnamon samples remained in the range of 1027.67 ± 50.36–4012.00 ± 79.57 mg/kg. Taking into account the content of coumarin in the tested cinnamon samples, it should be assumed that the majority of cinnamon available in Polish retail is Cinnamomum cassia (L.) J. Presl.
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Othman NS, Che Roos NA, Aminuddin A, Murthy JK, A. Hamid A, Ugusman A. Effects of Piper sarmentosum Roxb. on hypertension and diabetes mellitus: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:976247. [PMID: 36091787 PMCID: PMC9453491 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.976247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertension and diabetes mellitus are among the most prevalent diseases affecting people from all walks of life. Medicinal herbs have garnered interest as potential agents for the prevention and treatment of diabetes mellitus and hypertension due to their multiple beneficial effects. Piper sarmentosum Roxb. (PS) is an edible medicinal plant that has been traditionally used in Asia for treating hypertension and diabetes mellitus. This review is aimed to provide comprehensive information from the literature on the effects of PS on hypertension and diabetes mellitus. A computerized database search was performed on Scopus, PubMed and Web of Science databases with the following set of keywords: Piper sarmentosum AND diabetes mellitus OR diabetic OR diabetes OR hyperglyc*emia OR blood glucose OR HbA1c OR glycated h*emoglobin OR h*emoglobin A1c OR hyperten* OR blood pressure. A total of 47 articles were screened and 14 articles published between the years 1998 until 2021 were included for data extraction, comprising of six articles on antihypertensive and eight articles on antidiabetic effects of PS. These studies consist of two in vitro studies and eleven in vivo animal studies. Meta-analysis of three studies on hypertension showed that PS versus no treatment significantly lowered the systolic blood pressure with mean difference (MD) -39.84 mmHg (95% confidence interval (CI) -45.05, -34.62; p < 0.01), diastolic blood pressure with MD -26.68 mmHg (95% CI -31.48, -21.88; p < 0.01), and mean arterial pressure with MD -30.56 mmHg (95% CI -34.49, -26.63; p < 0.01). Most of the studies revealed positive effects of PS against hypertension and diabetes mellitus, suggesting the potential of PS as a natural source of antidiabetic and antihypertensive agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Syakirah Othman
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nur Aishah Che Roos
- Faculty of Medicine and Defence Health, National Defence University of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Amilia Aminuddin
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Jaya Kumar Murthy
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Adila A. Hamid
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Azizah Ugusman
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Elaidy SM, Tawfik MM, Ameen AM, Hassan WA, El Sherif I, Amin MK, Elkholy SE. Metformin alleviates the dysregulated testicular steroidogenesis and spermatogenesis induced by carbimazole in levothyroxine-primed rats. Life Sci 2022; 307:120904. [PMID: 36029850 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Most of the published experiments about carbimazole (CMZ)-induced testicular injury are constructed in normal healthy animals, which lakes the translational identification. Despite metformin (MET) having advantageous effects on injured testicles, its impact on thyroid function is arguable. In the current levothyroxine (LT4)/CMZ model, Wistar rats were primed by LT4 for sixty days. CMZ was then given individually or simultaneously with different doses of MET, 100, 200, and 400 mg, daily for thirty days. Serum was assessed for thyroid profile panel, sex hormones, and gonadotropin levels. Testicular tissues were examined for steroidogenesis, spermatogenesis, inflammation, and apoptosis. Histopathology of thyroid and testes were examined, besides thyroidal nuclear factor (NF)-kB expression. MET in a dose-response manner improved the LT4/CMZ-induced testicular toxicity by increasing the steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR), and 17-β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (17βHSD) activities, the proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), sperm count and motility, sex hormones, and gonadotropin levels. MET-400 mg markedly decreased the elevated NF-kB expressions, tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α, caspase-3, and BAX, and increased BCL-2. LT4/CMZ could be used as translational animal modelling. MET displayed a dose-dependent ameliorative effect on the LT4/CMZ model without significant harmful effects on thyroid functions. MET-testicular protective roles in diabetics with thyroidal diseases should be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samah M Elaidy
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed M Tawfik
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Port Said University, Port Said, Egypt
| | - Angie M Ameen
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, 41522 Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Wael Abdou Hassan
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, 41522 Ismailia, Egypt; Department of Basic Sciences, College of Medicine, Suliman Al Rajhi University, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Iman El Sherif
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, 41522 Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Mona Karem Amin
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, 41522 Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Shereen E Elkholy
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Portsaid University, Portsaid, Egypt
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Clinical Evaluation of a Novel Tablet Formulation of Traditional Thai Polyherbal Medicine Named Nawametho in Comparison with Its Decoction in the Treatment of Hyperlipidemia. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:2530266. [PMID: 35966727 PMCID: PMC9365582 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2530266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In the traditional medical system in Thailand, medicinal plants and polyherbal medicines have been prescribed as lipid-lowering agents, including Nawametho decoction. This polyherbal formulation is described in the Worayokasan scripture. It consists of nine medicinal plants (Aegle marmelos (L.), Carthamus tinctorius L., Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn., Phyllanthus emblica L., Piper longum L., Piper nigrum L., Terminalia bellirica (Gaertn.) Roxb., Terminalia chebula Retz., and Zingiber officinale Roscoe). Apart from its utilization in Thai traditional medicine, there is a lack of evidence supporting its use. This research work thereby aims to formulate and evaluate the tablet containing Nawametho decoction. The feasibility of Nawametho decoction and NawaTab for patients with borderline hyperlipidemia was additionally examined using a prospective, open-label, randomized, parallel-group design. The dry granulation technique was employed to formulate the polyherbal tablets. The tablets were developed using the spray-dried Nawametho decoction as the active ingredient in addition to other excipients. The chosen formulation, the FB (NawaTab), consisted of 385 milligrams of the extract, 12% w/w of a diluent (lactose), 8% w/w of a lubricant (magnesium stearate), 5% w/w of a disintegrant (microcrystalline cellulose), and 5% w/w of an anti-adherent (talcum). Their hardness, friability, and disintegration time were 4.4 ± 0.32 kg, 0.05 ± 0.02%, and 4.60 ± 0.05 min, respectively. Accelerated stability study results revealed that NawaTab was stable for six months at 40°C/75% RH and 25°C/60% RH. Even though taking NawaTabs (500 mg twice daily) for eight consecutive weeks was unable to improve the lipid profile of the patients, the administration of Nawametho decoction (30 mL twice daily) was associated with a significant decrease in serum triglycerides of the patients. The results show that the dry granulation technique is suitable for the formulation of NawaTab based on the tablet evaluation. Furthermore, the triglyceride-lowering effect of Nawametho decoction was reported for the first time.
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Cardiovascular protective effect of black pepper (Piper nigrum L.) and its major bioactive constituent piperine. Trends Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2020.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Hou X, Zhang C, Wang L, Wang K. Natural Piperine Improves Lipid Metabolic Profile of High-Fat Diet-Fed Mice by Upregulating SR-B1 and ABCG8 Transporters. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2021; 84:373-381. [PMID: 33492139 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.0c01018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Natural piperine from black pepper is known to function as hypocholesterolemic agent, but how it lowers the blood cholesterol remains unclear. In this study, we found that intragastric administrations of piperine (25 mg/kg/day) for 8 weeks significantly reduced the plasma triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice. H&E staining indicated that piperine significantly decreased hepatic lipid accumulation compared with the control group. The Oil Red O staining further showed that piperine attenuated lipid deposition in liver HepG2 cells in a concentration-dependent manner. Mechanistically, piperine treatment caused a significant upregulation of hepatic scavenger receptor B1 (SR-B1) in the liver and transporter protein of ATP binding cassette SGM8 (ABCG8) in the small intestine. Taken together, our findings demonstrate the role of natural piperine in improving lipid metabolic profile that is involved in the reverse cholesterol transport (RCT)-mediated mechanism through upregulation of SR-B1 in the liver and ABCG8 in the small intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingming Hou
- Department of Pharmacology, Qingdao University School of Pharmacy, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Congxiao Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Qingdao University School of Pharmacy, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Limei Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Qingdao University School of Pharmacy, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - KeWei Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Qingdao University School of Pharmacy, Qingdao 266071, China
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Yang Y, Kanev D, Nedeva R, Jozwik A, Rollinger JM, Grzybek W, Pyzel B, Yeung AWK, Uhrin P, Breuss JM, Horbanczuk JO, Malainer C, Xu T, Wang D, Atanasov AG. Black pepper dietary supplementation increases high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels in pigs. CURRENT RESEARCH IN BIOTECHNOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.crbiot.2019.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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11
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Piperine-A Major Principle of Black Pepper: A Review of Its Bioactivity and Studies. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/app9204270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Piperine is the main compound present in black pepper, and is the carrier of its specific pungent taste, which is responsible for centuries of human dietary utilization and worldwide popularity as a food ingredient. Along with the application as a food ingredient and food preservative, it is used in traditional medicine for many purposes, which has in most cases been justified by modern scientific studies on its biological effects. It has been confirmed that piperine has many bioactive effects, such as antimicrobial action, as well as many physiological effects that can contribute to general human health, including immunomodulatory, hepatoprotective, antioxidant, antimetastatic, antitumor, and many other activities. Clinical studies demonstrated remarkable antioxidant, antitumor, and drug availability-enhancing characteristics of this compound, together with immunomodulatory potential. All these facts point to the therapeutic potential of piperine and the need to incorporate this compound into general health-enhancing medical formulations, as well as into those that would be used as adjunctive therapy in order to enhance the bioavailability of various (chemo)therapeutic drugs.
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12
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Leung KS, Leung HH, Wu CY, Galano JM, Durand T, Lee JCY. Limited Antioxidant Effect of Rosemary in Lipid Oxidation of Pan-Fried Salmon. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9080313. [PMID: 31357709 PMCID: PMC6723415 DOI: 10.3390/biom9080313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Consumption of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) rich fatty fish is known to provide an array of health benefits. However, high temperature in food preparation, such as pan-frying, potentially degrades eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) of the n-3 PUFAs by heat oxidation. The addition of antioxidant condiments, and herbs in particular, may retard PUFA peroxidation and preserve EPA and DHA during pan-frying. In this study, different types of antioxidant condiments (sage, rosemary, black peppercorn, thyme, basil, and garlic) were tested for antioxidant capacity, and the condiment with the highest capacity was selected for its effect on lipid oxidation of salmon. The changes in fatty acids and lipid peroxidation of salmon, during pan-frying with the selected condiment (olive oil infused with rosemary, RO(infused)), were compared with salmon prepared in extra virgin olive oil, olive oil, or without oil. The total saturated fatty acid was found to be less in pan fried salmon with RO(infused). None of the oil type conserved EPA- and DHA-content in salmon. However, RO(infused) lowered lipid peroxidation by lessening hydroperoxide and 4-HNE formation, but not the other related products (HDHA, HETE, isoprostanes). Our observation indicates that the antioxidant capacity of RO(infused), when it is incorporated with food, becomes limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kin Sum Leung
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong
| | - Ho Hang Leung
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong
| | - Ching Yu Wu
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong
| | - Jean-Marie Galano
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, CNRS, ENSCM Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Montpellier, 15 Av. Ch. Flahault, BP 14491, F-34093 Montpellier CEDEX 05, France
| | - Thierry Durand
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, CNRS, ENSCM Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Montpellier, 15 Av. Ch. Flahault, BP 14491, F-34093 Montpellier CEDEX 05, France
| | - Jetty Chung-Yung Lee
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong.
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Wang C, Cai Z, Wang W, Wei M, Kou D, Li T, Yang Z, Guo H, Le W, Li S. Piperine attenuates cognitive impairment in an experimental mouse model of sporadic Alzheimer's disease. J Nutr Biochem 2019; 70:147-155. [PMID: 31207354 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2019.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Piperine, the major alkaloid constituent of black pepper, has been reported to possess a wide range of pharmacological effects on the central nervous system, including antidepressant, anticonvulsant and anti-ischemic activities. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the therapeutic potential and neuroprotective mechanisms of piperine in an experimental mouse model of sporadic Alzheimer's disease (sAD) induced by intracerebroventricular (ICV) infusion of streptozotocin (STZ). STZ was infused bilaterally at a dose of 1.5 mg/kg/day on day 1 and day 3. From day 8, piperine (2.5-10 mg/kg body weight) was administered intraperitoneally once daily for 15 consecutive days. The locomotor activity and cognitive performance of mice were evaluated using open field test and Morris water maze test, respectively. On day 23, all animals were sacrificed, and the hippocampus was used for biochemical, neurochemical and neuroinflammatory determinations. Our data revealed that the ICV-STZ-infused sAD mouse showed an increased oxidative-nitrosative stress, an altered neurotransmission and an elevated neuroinflammation in hippocampus, as well as significant cognitive deficits. All these alterations can be ameliorated by piperine in a dose-dependent manner. In summary, our findings predict a therapeutic potential of piperine against cognitive deficits in sAD mouse. This effect might be due to its abilities to ameliorate oxidative-nitrosative stress, restore neurotransmission and reduce neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Che Wang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116029, China
| | - Zhengxu Cai
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian 116001, China
| | - Min Wei
- Liaoning Provincial Center for Clinical Research on Neurological Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, China; Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory for Research on the Pathogenic Mechanisms of Neurological Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, China
| | - Daqing Kou
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, China
| | - Tianbai Li
- Liaoning Provincial Center for Clinical Research on Neurological Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, China; Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory for Research on the Pathogenic Mechanisms of Neurological Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, China
| | - Zhaofei Yang
- Liaoning Provincial Center for Clinical Research on Neurological Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, China; Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory for Research on the Pathogenic Mechanisms of Neurological Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, China
| | - Huishu Guo
- Central Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116021, China.
| | - Weidong Le
- Liaoning Provincial Center for Clinical Research on Neurological Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, China; Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory for Research on the Pathogenic Mechanisms of Neurological Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, China.
| | - Song Li
- Liaoning Provincial Center for Clinical Research on Neurological Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, China; Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory for Research on the Pathogenic Mechanisms of Neurological Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, China.
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Piperine Enhances the Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Thymoquinone against Microcystin-LR-Induced Hepatotoxicity and Neurotoxicity in Mice. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:1309175. [PMID: 31178949 PMCID: PMC6501123 DOI: 10.1155/2019/1309175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Microcystin- (MC-) LR is the most frequent cyanotoxin produced by Microcystis aeruginosa cyanobacteria in the contaminated freshwater environment. MC represents a health hazard to humans and animals. Therefore, the present study was designed to evaluate the potential ameliorative effect of thymoquinone (TQ) and/or piperine (PP) against MC toxicity in mice. Fifty-six mice were randomly divided into seven experimental groups. Group I is the normal control that received distilled water for 21 days; Group II (TQ) was treated with TQ (10 mg/kg, i.p) for 21 days; Group III (PP) was treated with PP (25 mg/kg, i.p) for 21 days; Group IV (MC) was treated with MC (10 μg/kg, i.p) for 14 days and served as the toxic control; and Groups V, VI, and VII received TQ and/or PP 7 days prior to MC and continued for 14 days with MC. The results revealed that MC elicited hepatotoxicity and neurotoxicity which was evident due to the significant elevation of serum AST, ALT, γGT, ALP, LDH, IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α levels. Furthermore, MC markedly increased MDA and NO contents along with reduction of GSH, SOD, CAT, and GSH-Px in liver and brain tissues. The electron transport chain may be a possible target for MC. TQ and/or PP ameliorated the MC-mediated oxidative damage in the liver and brain which might be attributed to their antioxidant properties. However, the concurrent treatment of TQ and PP showed the best regimen as a result of the PP-enhanced bioavailability of TQ.
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Shityakov S, Bigdelian E, Hussein AA, Hussain MB, Tripathi YC, Khan MU, Shariati MA. Phytochemical and pharmacological attributes of piperine: A bioactive ingredient of black pepper. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 176:149-161. [PMID: 31103896 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2019] [Revised: 03/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Plants are vital for the wellbeing of humankind in a variety of ways. Some plant extracts contain antimicrobial properties that can treat different pathogens. Most of the world's population relies on medicinal plants and natural products for their primary health care needs. Therefore, there is a growing interest in natural products, medicinal plants, and traditional medicine along with a desire to design and develop novel plant-based pharmaceuticals. These plant-based pharmaceuticals may address the concerns of reduced efficacy of synthetic antibiotics due to the emergence of drug-resistant pathogens. In this regard, some plant extracts from black pepper (Piper nigrum) with antimicrobial properties, including piperine, have the potential to be used as natural dietary supplements together with modern therapeutic approaches. This review highlights possible applications of piperine as the active compound in the fields of rational drug design and discovery, pharmaceutical chemistry, and biomedicine. We discuss different extraction methods and pharmacological effects of the analyzed substance to pave the way for further research strategies and perspectives towards the development of novel herbal products for better healthcare solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey Shityakov
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, University of Würzburg, 97080, Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Ehsan Bigdelian
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, University of Tehran, Iran
| | - Aqeel A Hussein
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton, SO171BJ, UK; School of Medicine, University of Al-Ameed, Karbala P.O No: 198, Iraq
| | - Muhammad Bilal Hussain
- Institute of Home and Food Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Yogesh Chandra Tripathi
- Chemistry and Bioprospecting Division, Forest Research Institute, P. O. New Forest, Dehradun, 248 006, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Muhammad Usman Khan
- Bioproducts Sciences and Engineering Laboratory (BSEL), Washington State University, Richland, WA, 99354, USA; Department of Energy Systems Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Mohammad Ali Shariati
- Laboratory of Biocontrol and Antimicrobial Resistance, Orel State University Named After I.S. Turgenev, 302026, Orel, Russia.
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Takooree H, Aumeeruddy MZ, Rengasamy KRR, Venugopala KN, Jeewon R, Zengin G, Mahomoodally MF. A systematic review on black pepper (Piper nigrum L.): from folk uses to pharmacological applications. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2019; 59:S210-S243. [PMID: 30740986 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2019.1565489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Considered as the "King of spices", black pepper (Piper nigrum L.) is a widely used spice which adds flavor of its own to dishes, and also enhances the taste of other ingredients. Piper nigrum has also been extensively explored for its biological properties and its bioactive phyto-compounds. There is, however, no updated compilation of these available data to provide a complete profile of the medicinal aspects of P. nigrum. This study endeavors to systematically review scientific data on the traditional uses, phytochemical composition, and pharmacological properties of P. nigrum. Information was obtained using a combination of keywords via recognized electronic databases (e.g., Science Direct and Google Scholar). Google search was also used. Books and online materials were also considered, and the literature search was restricted to the English language. The country with the highest number of traditional reports of P. nigrum for both human and veterinary medicine was India, mostly for menstrual and ear-nose-throat disorders in human and gastrointestinal disorders in livestock. The seeds and fruits were mostly used, and the preferred mode of preparation was in powdered form, pills or tablets, and paste. Piper nigrum and its bioactive compounds were also found to possess important pharmacological properties. Antimicrobial activity was recorded against a wide range of pathogens via inhibition of biofilm, bacterial efflux pumps, bacterial swarming, and swimming motilities. Studies also reported its antioxidant effects against a series of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species including the scavenging of superoxide anion, hydrogen peroxide, nitric oxide, DPPH, ABTS, and reducing effect against ferric and molybdenum (VI). Improvement of antioxidant enzymes in vivo has also been reported. Piper nigrum also exhibited anticancer effect against a number of cell lines from breast, colon, cervical, and prostate through different mechanisms including cytotoxicity, apoptosis, autophagy, and interference with signaling pathways. Its antidiabetic property has also been confirmed in vivo as well as hypolipidemic activity as evidenced by decrease in the level of cholesterol, triglycerides, and low-density lipoprotein and increase in high-density lipoprotein. Piper nigrum also has anti-inflammatory, analgesic, anticonvulsant, and neuroprotective effects. The major bioactive compound identified in P. nigrum is piperine although other compounds are also present including piperic acid, piperlonguminine, pellitorine, piperolein B, piperamide, piperettine, and (-)-kusunokinin, which also showed biological potency. Most pharmacological studies were conducted in vitro (n = 60) while only 21 in vivo and 1 clinical trial were performed. Hence, more in vivo experiments using a pharmacokinetic and pharmacokinetic approach would be beneficial. As a conclusive remark, P. nigrum should not only be regarded as "King of spices" but can also be considered as part of the kingdom of medicinal agents, comprising a panoply of bioactive compounds with potential nutraceutical and pharmaceutical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heerasing Takooree
- a Department of Health Sciences , Faculty of Science, University of Mauritius , Moka , Mauritius
| | - Muhammad Z Aumeeruddy
- a Department of Health Sciences , Faculty of Science, University of Mauritius , Moka , Mauritius
| | | | - Katharigatta N Venugopala
- c Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology , Durban University of Technology , Durban , South Africa
| | - Rajesh Jeewon
- a Department of Health Sciences , Faculty of Science, University of Mauritius , Moka , Mauritius
| | - Gokhan Zengin
- d Science Faculty, Department of Biology, Campıus , Selcuk University , Konya , Turkey
| | - Mohamad F Mahomoodally
- a Department of Health Sciences , Faculty of Science, University of Mauritius , Moka , Mauritius
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Puiggalí‐Jou A, Micheletti P, Estrany F, del Valle LJ, Alemán C. Electrostimulated Release of Neutral Drugs from Polythiophene Nanoparticles: Smart Regulation of Drug-Polymer Interactions. Adv Healthc Mater 2017; 6. [PMID: 28671328 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201700453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Revised: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) nanoparticles are loaded with curcumin and piperine by in situ emulsion polymerization using dodecyl benzene sulfonic acid both as a stabilizer and a doping agent. The loaded drugs affect the morphology, size, and colloidal stability of the nanoparticles. Furthermore, kinetics studies of nonstimulated drug release have evidenced that polymer···drug interactions are stronger for curcumin than for piperine. This observation suggests that drug delivery systems based on combination of the former drug with PEDOT are much appropriated to show an externally tailored release profile. This is demonstrated by comparing the release profiles obtained in presence and absence of electrical stimulus. Results indicate that controlled and time-programmed release of curcumin is achieved in a physiological medium by applying a negative voltage of -1.25 V to loaded PEDOT nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Puiggalí‐Jou
- Departament d'Enginyeria Química (EEBE) and Barcelona Research Center for Multiscale Science and Engineering Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya C/Eduard Maristany, 10‐14, Ed. I2 08019 Barcelona Spain
| | - Paolo Micheletti
- Departament d'Enginyeria Química (EEBE) and Barcelona Research Center for Multiscale Science and Engineering Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya C/Eduard Maristany, 10‐14, Ed. I2 08019 Barcelona Spain
| | - Francesc Estrany
- Departament d'Enginyeria Química (EEBE) and Barcelona Research Center for Multiscale Science and Engineering Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya C/Eduard Maristany, 10‐14, Ed. I2 08019 Barcelona Spain
| | - Luis J. del Valle
- Departament d'Enginyeria Química (EEBE) and Barcelona Research Center for Multiscale Science and Engineering Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya C/Eduard Maristany, 10‐14, Ed. I2 08019 Barcelona Spain
| | - Carlos Alemán
- Departament d'Enginyeria Química (EEBE) and Barcelona Research Center for Multiscale Science and Engineering Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya C/Eduard Maristany, 10‐14, Ed. I2 08019 Barcelona Spain
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Prathima P, Venkaiah K, Pavani R, Daveedu T, Munikumar M, Gobinath M, Valli M, Sainath SB. α-lipoic acid inhibits oxidative stress in testis and attenuates testicular toxicity in rats exposed to carbimazole during embryonic period. Toxicol Rep 2017; 4:373-381. [PMID: 28959662 PMCID: PMC5615143 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2017.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Revised: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The intrauterine exposure of carbiamzole (CBZ) on male fertility is not well defined. CBZ exposure in utero results in spermatotoxic effects and impaired steroidogenesis in offspring rats at their adulthood. Gestational exposure to CBZ augmented testicular oxidative damage in offspring rats. α-lipoic acid supplementation with its antioxidant properties ameliorated diminished male reproductive health in rats exposed to CBZ prenatally.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the probable protective effect of α-lipoic acid against testicular toxicity in rats exposed to carbimazole during the embryonic period. Time-mated pregnant rats were exposed to carbimazole from the embryonic days 9–21. After completion of the gestation period, all the rats were allowed to deliver pups and weaned. At postnatal day 100, F1 male pups were assessed for the selected reproductive endpoints. Gestational exposure to carbimazole decreased the reproductive organ indices, testicular daily sperm count, epididymal sperm variables viz., sperm count, viable sperm, motile sperm and HOS-tail coiled sperms. Significant decrease in the activity levels of 3β- and 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases and expression of StAR mRNA levels with a significant increase in the total cholesterol levels were observed in the testis of experimental rats over the controls. These events were also accompanied by a significant reduction in the serum testosterone levels in CBZ exposed rats, indicating reduced steroidogenesis. In addition, the deterioration of the testicular architecture and reduced fertility ability were noticed in the carbimazole exposed rats. Significant reduction in the activity levels of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione reductase, glutathione peroxidase and reduced glutathione content with a significant increase in the levels of lipid peroxidation were observed in the testis of carbimazole exposed rats over the controls. Conversely, supplementation of α-lipoic acid (70 mg/Kg bodyweight) ameliorated the male reproductive health in rats exposed to carbimazole during the embryonic period as evidenced by enhanced reproductive organ weights, selected sperm variables, testicular steroidogenesis, and testicular enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants. To conclude, diminished testicular antioxidant balance associated with reduced spermatogenesis and steroidogenesis might be responsible for the suppressed reproduction in rats exposed to the carbimazole transplacentally. On the other hand, α-lipoic acid through its antioxidant and steroidogenic properties mitigated testicular toxicity which eventually restored the male reproductive health of carbimazole-exposed rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Prathima
- Department of Biotechnology, Vikrama Simhapuri University, Nellore-524003, AP, India, India
| | - K Venkaiah
- Department of Biotechnology, Vikrama Simhapuri University, Nellore-524003, AP, India, India
| | - R Pavani
- Department of Biotechnology, Vikrama Simhapuri University, Nellore-524003, AP, India, India
| | - T Daveedu
- Department of Biotechnology, Vikrama Simhapuri University, Nellore-524003, AP, India, India
| | - M Munikumar
- Biomedical Informatics Centre, National Institute of Nutrition-ICMR, Jamia Islamia (Post), Hyderabad-500007, Telangana, India, India
| | - M Gobinath
- Department of Pharmacy, Ratnam Institute of Pharmacy, Nellore-524346, AP, India
| | - M Valli
- Department of Genetics, Narayana Medical College, Nellore-524003, AP, India
| | - S B Sainath
- Department of Biotechnology, Vikrama Simhapuri University, Nellore-524003, AP, India, India
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Wang L, Palme V, Rotter S, Schilcher N, Cukaj M, Wang D, Ladurner A, Heiss EH, Stangl H, Dirsch VM, Atanasov AG. Piperine inhibits ABCA1 degradation and promotes cholesterol efflux from THP-1-derived macrophages. Mol Nutr Food Res 2016; 61. [PMID: 27862930 PMCID: PMC5382977 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201500960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Revised: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Scope Increased macrophage cholesterol efflux (ChE) is considered to have anti‐atherosclerotic effect counteracting cardiovascular disease. The principle pungent ingredient of the fruits of Piper nigrum, piperine, is identified in this study as a ChE inducer in THP‐1‐derived macrophages, and mechanisms underlying this effect are explored. Methods and results Without affecting cell viability, piperine concentration‐dependently enhances ChE in THP‐1‐derived macrophages from 25 to 100 μM. The expression level of the key cholesterol transporter protein ATP‐binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) is significantly upregulated by piperine, as revealed by western blot analyses. However, two other ChE‐mediating transporter proteins, ATP‐binding cassette transporter G1 (ABCG1) and scavenger receptor class B member 1 (SR‐B1), remain unaffected. Piperine exerts no influence on ABCA1 mRNA levels, but significantly inhibits the degradation of ABCA1, as evident by an increased half‐life of the protein in the presence of cycloheximide. Furthermore, it is found that piperine likely interferes with the calpain‐mediated ABCA1 degradation pathway and exhibits significant inhibition of calpain activity. Conclusion Our findings suggest that piperine promotes ChE in THP‐1‐derived macrophages by upregulation of ABCA1, which might be mediated by inhibition of calpain activity. This novel bioactivity makes the dietary constituent piperine a good candidate to be further explored for therapeutic or preventive applications in the context of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Limei Wang
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Veronika Palme
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Susanne Rotter
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Nicole Schilcher
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Malsor Cukaj
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Dongdong Wang
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Angela Ladurner
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Elke H Heiss
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Herbert Stangl
- Institute of Medical Chemistry, Center for Pathobiochemistry and Genetics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Verena M Dirsch
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Atanas G Atanasov
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzebiec, Poland
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Misharina TA. Antiradical properties of essential oils and extracts from coriander, cardamom, white, red, and black peppers. APPL BIOCHEM MICRO+ 2016. [DOI: 10.1134/s0003683816010087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Nandakumar N, Muthuraman S, Gopinath P, Nithya P, Gopas J, Kumar RS. Synthesis of coumaperine derivatives: Their NF-κB inhibitory effect, inhibition of cell migration and their cytotoxic activity. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 125:1076-1087. [PMID: 27810594 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.10.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2016] [Revised: 10/16/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Coumaperine (an amide alkaloid, present in white piper) and its derivatives were synthesized and investigated for their cytotoxicity against L428 and A549 cells and their NF-κB inhibitory activity. It was found that the coumaperine derivatives CP-9 and CP-38 suppress NF-κB subunits p50 and p65 in nuclear fractions by western blot and by NF-κB luciferase reporter gene assay in a dose dependent manner. Confirmation of these results was obtained by confocal microscopy. CP-9, CP-32 and CP-38 also exhibited dose dependent cell cytotoxicity in a L428 cells expressing constitutively active NF-κB and in A549 cells, with an IC50 value of 43.25 μg/ml, 0.39 μg/ml and 16.85 μg/ml respectively against L428 cells and 57.15 μg/ml, 69.1 μg/ml and 63.2 μg/ml respectively against A549 cells. In addition, the coumaperine derivatives show remarkable inhibitory activity on the cancer cell migration assay against A549 lung adenocarcinoma cells at the concentrations of 5 μg/ml, 10 μg/ml, and 5 μg/ml of CP-9, CP-32 and CP-38 respectively. Aromatic substituents and number of olefinic double bond in coumaperine derivatives found to influence the inhibitory activity. In luciferase reporter gene assay, di-olefin conjugated coumaperine derivatives, CP-38, CP-32 and PIP exhibited higher inhibitory activity than their corresponding tri-olefin conjugated coumaperine derivatives, CP-102, CP-146 and PIP-155 respectively. CP-32 with a stronger electron donating group (-N(CH3)2) showed better inhibitory activity in luciferase reporter gene assay and in cell proliferation of L428 cells. Simple coumaperine derivative (CP-9, with no substituent) effectively inhibited A549 cells proliferation and migration than the other coumaperine derivatives. CP-9 and CP-38 diminish significantly the NF-κB subunits (p50 and p65) of L428 cells in nuclear fractions at the dosage of 10 μg/ml and 30 μg/ml respectively. Which clearly shows that CP-9 and CP-38 inactivate the NF-κB pathway in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natarajan Nandakumar
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, and Oncology Laboratory, Soroka University Medical Center, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Subramani Muthuraman
- Chemistry Division, School of Advanced Sciences, VIT University Chennai Campus, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India
| | | | - Pattusamy Nithya
- Chemistry Division, School of Advanced Sciences, VIT University Chennai Campus, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Jacob Gopas
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, and Oncology Laboratory, Soroka University Medical Center, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Rajendran Saravana Kumar
- Chemistry Division, School of Advanced Sciences, VIT University Chennai Campus, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India.
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Sartori Oliveira CE, Pinton S, da Rocha JT, Gai BM, Nogueira CW. The hypolipidemic action of a diet supplemented with p,p'-methoxyl-diphenyl diselenide is not directly related to its antioxidant property. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2016; 94:662-8. [PMID: 27035225 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2015-0411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The present study investigated whether a p,p'-methoxyl-diphenyl diselenide (MeOPhSe)2-supplemented diet causes toxicity in rats. A second aim of this study was to determine whether a 10 ppm (MeOPhSe)2-supplemented diet has hypolipidemic effect on Triton WR-1339-induced hyperlipidemia in rats. To rule out the antioxidant property of (MeOPhSe)2 in its hypolipidemic action, parameters of oxidative stress were carried out. Wistar rats were fed with 3, 10, or 30 ppm of (MeOPhSe)2-supplemented diet for 30 days. None of (MeOPhSe)2-supplemented diets caused alteration in general parameters of toxicity and lipid profile of rats. The hypolipidemic effect of 10 ppm of (MeOPhSe)2-supplemented diet on rats treated with Triton WR-1339 (400 mg/kg, intraperitoneal) was investigated. The (MeOPhSe)2-supplemented diet partially protected against the levels of total cholesterol (TC) and non-HDL-C and reduced the atherogenic index (AI) increased by Triton WR-1339 in rats. A positive correlation between TC and triglyceride levels (r = 0.679) and non-HDL-C levels (r = 0.929) and AI (r = 0.889) was demonstrated. Triton WR-1339 altered parameters of oxidative stress in livers of rats but (MeOPhSe)2-supplemented diet did not protect against these alterations. The results demonstrated that the hypolipidemic action of (MeOPhSe)2-supplemented diet is not directly related to its antioxidant property and devoid of systemic toxicity in rats at the parameters analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Elena Sartori Oliveira
- a Laboratório de Síntese, Reatividade e Avaliação Farmacológica e Toxicológica de Organocalcogênios. Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, CEP 97105-900, RS, Brazil
| | - Simone Pinton
- b Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Pampa, CEP 97500-970 Uruguaiana, RS, Brazil
| | - Juliana Trevisan da Rocha
- a Laboratório de Síntese, Reatividade e Avaliação Farmacológica e Toxicológica de Organocalcogênios. Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, CEP 97105-900, RS, Brazil
| | - Bibiana Mozzaquatro Gai
- a Laboratório de Síntese, Reatividade e Avaliação Farmacológica e Toxicológica de Organocalcogênios. Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, CEP 97105-900, RS, Brazil
| | - Cristina Wayne Nogueira
- a Laboratório de Síntese, Reatividade e Avaliação Farmacológica e Toxicológica de Organocalcogênios. Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, CEP 97105-900, RS, Brazil
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Diwan V, Poudyal H, Brown L. Piperine attenuates cardiovascular, liver and metabolic changes in high carbohydrate, high fat-fed rats. Cell Biochem Biophys 2014; 67:297-304. [PMID: 22038304 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-011-9306-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Black pepper is used worldwide to enhance food flavor. We investigated dietary supplementation with piperine, the active principle of black pepper, to high carbohydrate, high fat (HCHF) diet-fed rats as a model of human metabolic syndrome. Rats were fed with either HCHF diet (carbohydrate, 52%; fat, 24%; 25% fructose in drinking water) or cornstarch (CS) diet for a total of 16 weeks. Diets of the treatment groups (CS + piperine and HCHF + piperine) were supplemented with piperine for the last 8 weeks of this protocol. After 16 weeks, rats fed with HCHF diet developed hypertension, elevated oxidative stress and inflammation-induced cardiac changes (infiltration of inflammatory cells in heart, increase in count and degranulation of mast cells in heart, cardiac fibrosis and increase in ventricular stiffness), reduced responsiveness of aortic rings, impaired glucose tolerance, abdominal obesity together with liver fibrosis, fat deposition and increased plasma liver enzymes. Supplementation with piperine (375 mg/kg food; approximately 30 mg/kg/day) in HCHF-fed rats normalized blood pressure, improved glucose tolerance and reactivity of aortic rings, reduced plasma parameters of oxidative stress and inflammation, attenuated cardiac and hepatic inflammatory cell infiltration and fibrosis and improved liver function. These changes clearly suggest that piperine reduces symptoms of human metabolic syndrome in HCHF-fed rats by reducing inflammation and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishal Diwan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
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Jang HI, Do GM, Lee HM, Ok HM, Shin JH, Kwon O. Schisandra Chinensis Baillon regulates the gene expression of phase II antioxidant/detoxifying enzymes in hepatic damage induced rats. Nutr Res Pract 2014; 8:272-7. [PMID: 24944771 PMCID: PMC4058560 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2014.8.3.272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2013] [Revised: 12/04/2013] [Accepted: 12/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES This study investigated the antioxidant activities and hepatoprotective effects of Schisandra chinensis Baillon extract (SCE) against tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BHP)-induced oxidative hepatic damage in rats. MATERIALS/METHODS Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were pretreated with SCE (300, 600, and 1,200 mg/kg BW) or saline once daily for 14 consecutive days. On day 14, each animal, except those belonging to the normal control group, were injected with t-BHP (0.8 mmol/kg BW/i.p.), and all of the rats were sacrificed 16 h after t-BHP injection. RESULTS Although no significant differences in AST and ALT levels were observed among the TC and SCE groups, the high-dose SCE group showed a decreasing tendency compared to the TC group. However, erythrocyte SOD activity showed a significant increase in the low-dose SCE group compared with the TC group. On the other hand, no significant differences in hepatic total glutathione (GSH) level, glutathione reductase (GR), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities were observed among the TC and SCE groups. Hepatic histopathological evaluation revealed that pretreatment with SCE resulted in reduced t-BHP-induced incidence of lesions, such as neutrophil infiltration, swelling of liver cells, and necrosis. In particular, treatment with a high dose of SCE resulted in induction of phase II antioxidant/detoxifying enzyme expression, such as glutathione S-transferase (GST) and glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit (GCLC). CONCLUSIONS Based on these results, we conclude that SCE exerts protective effects against t-BHP induced oxidative hepatic damage through the reduction of neutrophil infiltration, swelling of liver cells, and necrosis. In addition, SCE regulates the gene expression of phase II antioxidant/detoxifying enzymes independent of hepatic antioxidant enzyme activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han I Jang
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University, 52, Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-750, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyeong-Min Do
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University, 52, Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-750, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Min Lee
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University, 52, Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-750, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyang Mok Ok
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University, 52, Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-750, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Ho Shin
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Eulji University, Seongam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 461-713, Republic of Korea
| | - Oran Kwon
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University, 52, Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-750, Republic of Korea
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Kumar P, Bhandari U. Protective effect of Trigonella foenum-graecum Linn. on monosodium glutamate-induced dyslipidemia and oxidative stress in rats. Indian J Pharmacol 2014; 45:136-40. [PMID: 23716888 PMCID: PMC3660924 DOI: 10.4103/0253-7613.108288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2012] [Revised: 05/29/2012] [Accepted: 12/30/2012] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives: The present study was designed to evaluate the effect of aqueous extract of Trigonella foenum-graecum(AqE-TFG) seeds on monosodium glutamate (MSG)-induced dyslipidemia and oxidative stress in Wistar rats. Materials and Methods: Neonatal Wistar rats were treated subcutaneously with MSG (4 g/kg b.w.) from day 2 to 14 after birth, on alternate days. After attaining six-weeks of age, MSG-treated rats were administered with AqE-TFG (0.5 and 1 g/kg b.w., orally) or orlistat (10 mg/kg b.w., orally) for 28 days, respectively. Serum chemistry and relevant enzymes in hepato-cardiac tissues were assessed on day 29. Results: AqE-TFG produced significant reduction in serum total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TGs), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), aspartate amino transferase (AST), alanine amino transferase (ALT), hepatic and cardiac lipid peroxides (MDA) levels and elevation in serum high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), hepatic and cardiac antioxidant enzymes [glutathione (GSH), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT)] levels. Conclusion: Results were comparable with orlistat, a standard anti-obesity drug, and provide clear evidence that the AqE-TFG treatment offered significant protection against MSG-induced dyslipidemia and oxidative stress, and may play an important role in amelioration of the free radical generated consequences like dyslipidemia and atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parveen Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hamdard University, New Delhi, India
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da Cruz GMP, Felipe CFB, Scorza FA, da Costa MAC, Tavares AF, Menezes MLF, de Andrade GM, Leal LKAM, Brito GAC, da Graça Naffah-Mazzacoratti M, Cavalheiro EA, de Barros Viana GS. Piperine decreases pilocarpine-induced convulsions by GABAergic mechanisms. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2013; 104:144-53. [PMID: 23313550 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2013.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2012] [Revised: 12/28/2012] [Accepted: 01/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Piperine, an alkaloid present in the Piper genus, was shown to have an anticonvulsant activity, evaluated by the pilocarpine-induced model, in mice. Pilocarpine (350mg/kg, i.p.) was administered 30min after piperine (2.5, 5, 10 and 20mg/kg, i.p.) which significantly increased latencies to 1st convulsion and to death, and percentage of survivals. These parameters were also increased in the pilocarpine groups pretreated with atropine plus piperine (10 and 2.5mg/kg, respectively), as related to the pilocarpine group. However, they were not altered in the pilocarpine groups pretreated with memantine (a NMDA-type glutamate receptors blocker, 2mg/kg, p.o.) or nimodipine (a calcium channel blocker, 10mg/kg, p.o.), both associated with piperine (1 or 2.5mg/kg), as compared to the piperine plus pilocarpine group. Moreover, the pilocarpine group pretreated with diazepam (which binds to the GABAA receptor, 0.2 and 0.5mg/kg, i.p.) plus piperine (1 and 2.5mg/kg) significantly increased latency to the 1st convulsion, as related to the pilocarpine group, suggesting that the GABAergic system is involved with the piperine action. Furthermore, the piperine effect was blocked by flumazenil (2mg/kg, i.p.), a benzodiazepine antagonist. Untreated P350 animals showed decreased striatal DA and increased DOPAC and HVA levels that were not affected in the piperine plus pilocarpine groups. Piperine increased striatal levels of GABA, glycine and taurine, and reversed pilocarpine-induced increases in nitrite contents in sera and brain. Hippocampi from the untreated pilocarpine group showed an increased number of TNF-α immunostained cells in all areas, as opposed to the pilocarpine group pretreated with piperine. Taken together, piperine anticonvulsant effects are the result of its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant actions, as well as TNF-α reduction. In addition, piperine effects on inhibitory amino acids and on the GABAergic system may certainly contribute to the drug anticonvulsant activity.
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Butt MS, Pasha I, Sultan MT, Randhawa MA, Saeed F, Ahmed W. Black Pepper and Health Claims: A Comprehensive Treatise. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2013; 53:875-86. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2011.571799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Park UH, Jeong HS, Jo EY, Park T, Yoon SK, Kim EJ, Jeong JC, Um SJ. Piperine, a component of black pepper, inhibits adipogenesis by antagonizing PPARγ activity in 3T3-L1 cells. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2012; 60:3853-3860. [PMID: 22463744 DOI: 10.1021/jf204514a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the antiadipogenic activity of black pepper extract and its constituent piperine in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes as well as the underlying molecular mechanisms. Both black pepper extract and piperine, without affecting cytotoxicity, strongly inhibited the adipocyte differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells. The mRNA expression of the master adipogenic transcription factors, PPARγ, SREBP-1c, and C/EBPβ, was markedly decreased. Intriguingly, mRNA levels of PPARγ target genes were also down-regulated. Moreover, a luciferase reporter assay indicated that pipierine significantly represses the rosiglitazone-induced PPARγ transcriptional activity. Finally, GST-pull down assays demonstrated that piperine disrupts the rosiglitazone-dependent interaction between PPARγ and coactivator CBP. Genome-wide analysis using microarray further supports the role of piperine in regulating genes associated with lipid metabolism. Overall, these results suggest that piperine, a major component of black pepper, attenuates fat cell differentiation by down-regulating PPARγ activity as well as suppressing PPARγ expression, thus leading to potential treatment for obesity-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ui-Hyun Park
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, BK21 Graduate Program, Sejong University, Seoul, Korea
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Dawid C, Henze A, Frank O, Glabasnia A, Rupp M, Büning K, Orlikowski D, Bader M, Hofmann T. Structural and sensory characterization of key pungent and tingling compounds from black pepper (Piper nigrum L.). JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2012; 60:2884-2895. [PMID: 22352449 DOI: 10.1021/jf300036a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
To gain a more comprehensive knowledge on whether, besides the well-known piperine, other compounds are responsible for the pungent and tingling oral impression imparted by black pepper, an ethanol extract prepared from black pepper (Piper nigrum L.) was screened for its key sensory-active nonvolatiles by application of taste dilution analysis (TDA). Purification of the compounds perceived with the highest sensory impact, followed by LC-MS and 1D/2D NMR experiments as well as synthesis, led to the structure determination of 25 key pungent and tingling phytochemicals, among which the eight amides 1-(octadeca-2E,4E,13Z-trienyl)piperidine, 1-(octadeca-2E,4E,13Z-trienyl)pyrrolidine, (2E,4E,13Z)-N-isobutyl-octadeca-2,4,13-trienamide, 1-(octadeca-2E,4E,12Z-trienoyl)-pyrrolidine, 1-(eicosa-2E,4E,15Z-trienyl)piperidine, 1-(eicosa-2E,4E,15Z-trienyl)pyrrolidine, (2E,4E,15Z)-N-isobutyl-eicosa-2,4,15-trienamide, and 1-(eicosa-2E,4E,14Z-trienoyl)-pyrrolidine were not yet reported in literature. Sensory studies by means of a modified half-tongue test revealed recognition thresholds ranging from 3.0 to 1150.2 nmol/cm² for pungency and from 520.6 to 2162.1 nmol/cm² for the tingling orosensation depending on their chemical structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinna Dawid
- Chair for Food Chemistry and Molecular Sensory Science, Technische Universität München, Lise-Meitner-Strasse 34, D-85354 Freising, Germany
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Sakr SAR, Mahran HAH, Nofal AE. Effect of selenium on carbimazole-induced testicular damage and oxidative stress in albino rats. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2011; 25:59-66. [PMID: 20832273 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2010.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2010] [Revised: 06/01/2010] [Accepted: 07/23/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Carbimazole is an antithyroid drug used in treatment of hyperthyroidism. The present investigation studied the effect of carbimazole on testicular activity in albino rats and the ameliorative role of selenium. Treating rats with carbimazole (1.35 mg/kg b.w) daily for 8 weeks caused reduction in the body and testes weight. Moreover, the diameters of the seminiferous tubules and heights of their germinal epithelium were significantly reduced. Testes of treated rats showed many histological alterations included congestion of blood vessels, hemorrhage, degeneration of interstitial tissue and degeneration of spermatogenic cells with apoptosis and necrosis. Histochemical results revealed reduction in polysaccharides, total proteins and nucleic acids contents in testicular tissue. In addition, the level of testosterone, luteinizing hormone (LH), T(3), T(4) and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) was significantly decreased in sera of treated animals. Moreover, a high lipid peroxidation with a decrease in the enzymatic antioxidant status, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) was recorded in testes homogenate. Treating animals with carbimazole and selenium showed an improvement in the histological structure as well as histochemical components of the testis with an increase in the number of spermatogenic cells. There was an increase in testosterone, LH, T(3), T(4) and TSH levels. Moreover, administration of selenium led to decrease in malondialdehyde and increase in catalase and superoxide dismutase activities. It is suggested that the curative effect of selenium against testicular damage induced by carbimazole may be due to its antioxidant properties.
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31
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Reena MB, Lokesh BR. Effect of feeding blended and interesterified vegetable oils on antioxidant enzymes in rats. Food Chem Toxicol 2010; 49:136-43. [PMID: 20937347 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2010.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2010] [Revised: 09/06/2010] [Accepted: 10/02/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The present study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of feeding blended and interesterified oils prepared using coconut oil (CNO) with rice bran oil (RBO) or sesame oil (SESO), with a polyunsaturated/saturated (P/S) ratio of 0.8-1.0, on oxidative stress and endogenous antioxidant system. Feeding blended oils resulted in significantly increased hepatic lipid peroxide levels in rats given blended oil CNO+RBO or CNO+SESO by 1.3 and 1.6-fold, respectively compared to rats fed diet containing CNO. The lipid peroxide level in erythrocyte membrane also increased in rats fed blended oil compared to rats fed with CNO. Rats fed interesterified oils prepared from these blended oils also showed increased lipid peroxide level compared to rats given CNO diet, however it was not significantly different from rats fed with their respective blends. There was a significant increase in the activity of endogenous antioxidant enzymes super oxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione-s-transferase after feeding blended and interesterified oils. The activities of Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase and Ca(2+)/Mg(2+)-ATPase were increased in rats fed blended and interesterified oils. These results indicated that the P/S ratio of dietary fat is an important factor in determining the oxidative stress, activity of endogenous antioxidant enzymes and activity of membrane bound enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malongil B Reena
- Department of Lipid Science and Traditional Foods, Central Food Technological Research Institute, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Mysore, India
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Anti-atherogenic property of ferulic acid in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice fed Western diet: Comparison with clofibrate. Food Chem Toxicol 2010; 48:2298-303. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2010.05.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2010] [Revised: 05/18/2010] [Accepted: 05/19/2010] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Kim HJ, Jeon SM, Lee MK, Cho YY, Kwon EY, Lee JH, Choi MS. Comparison of Hesperetin and Its Metabolites for Cholesterol-Lowering and Antioxidative Efficacy in Hypercholesterolemic Hamsters. J Med Food 2010; 13:808-14. [DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2009.1320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Jin Kim
- Foods R&D, CJ Cheiljedang Corp., Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seon-Min Jeon
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Kyung Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Sunchon National University, Jeonnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Young Cho
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Young Kwon
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Hee Lee
- Foods R&D, CJ Cheiljedang Corp., Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung-Sook Choi
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
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Attorri L, Di Biase A, Di Benedetto R, Rigato P, Di Virgilio A, Salvati S. Micronutrient-enriched rapeseed oils reduce cardiovascular disease risk factors in rats fed a high-fat diet. Atherosclerosis 2010; 213:422-8. [PMID: 20678771 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2010.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2010] [Revised: 06/03/2010] [Accepted: 07/06/2010] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Many epidemiological studies have demonstrated that vegetable food consumption is associated with a reduced risk of cardiovascular diseases. The beneficial effects have been attributed to the content of bioactive molecules present in large quantities in plant food. The main proposal of this study was to evaluate in vivo whether micronutrient-enriched rapeseed oils (optimised oils) obtained using different crushing and refining procedures and characterised by different quantities and qualities of micronutrients, could have any beneficial effect on lipid profile and antioxidant status of plasma and liver. Sprague-Dawley rats were fed a high-fat diet for 4 weeks. The lipid source consisted of 20% optimised rapeseed oils with different quantities and qualities of micronutrients. The control group received traditional refined rapeseed oil. The experimental optimised oils all had a hypolipidaemic effect. In the group fed the highest levels of micronutrients, the reduction in plasma and hepatic triglycerides reached 25% and 17%, respectively, that of cholesterol 20% and 14%, respectively. In plasma, the ferric antioxidant capacity, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and reduced glutathione significantly increased and lipid peroxidation decreased in parallel with the enhancement of micronutrients. The same trend was observed in the liver, except for glutathione peroxidase which was not affected by optimised oils. These results indicate that a regular intake of optimised rapeseed oils can help to improve lipid status and prevent oxidative stress, providing evidence that optimised oils could be a functional food with potentially important cardioprotective properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucilla Attorri
- Department of Public Veterinary Health and Food Safety, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, V. Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
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Ramesh E, Jayakumar T, Elanchezhian R, Sakthivel M, Geraldine P, Thomas P. Green tea catechins, alleviate hepatic lipidemic-oxidative injury in Wistar rats fed an atherogenic diet. Chem Biol Interact 2009; 180:10-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2009.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2008] [Revised: 02/22/2009] [Accepted: 02/24/2009] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Friedman M, Levin CE, Lee SU, Lee JS, Ohnisi-Kameyama M, Kozukue N. Analysis by HPLC and LC/MS of pungent piperamides in commercial black, white, green, and red whole and ground peppercorns. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2008; 56:3028-36. [PMID: 18386929 DOI: 10.1021/jf703711z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Pepper plants accumulate pungent bioactive alkaloids called piperamides. To facilitate studies in this area, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry methods were developed and used to measure the following piperamides in 10 commercial whole (peppercorns) and in 10 ground, black, white, green, and red peppers: piperanine, piperdardine, piperine, piperlonguminine, and piperettine. Structural identification of individual compounds in extracts was performed by associating the HPLC peak of each compound with the corresponding mass spectrum. The piperanine content of the peppers (in mg/g piperine equivalents) ranged from 0.3 for the ground white pepper to 1.4 in black peppercorns. The corresponding range for piperdardine was from 0.0 for seven samples to 1.8 in black peppercorns; for four isomeric piperines, from 0.7 for red to 129 in green peppercorns; for piperlonguminine, from 0.0 in red peppercorns to 1.0 in black peppercorns; and for piperyline, from 0.9 in ground black pepper to 5.9 for red peppercorn. Four well-separated stereoisomeric forms of piperettine with the same molecular weight were present in 19 peppers. The sums of the piperamides ranged from 6.6 for red to 153 for green peppercorns. In contrast to large differences in absolute concentrations among the peppers, the ratios of piperines to total piperamide were quite narrow, ranging from 0.76 for black to 0.90 for white peppercorns, with an average value of 0.84 +/- 0.04 ( n = 19). Thus, on average, the total piperamide content of the peppers consists of 84% piperines and 16% other piperamides. These results demonstrate the utility of the described extraction and analytical methods used to determine the wide-ranging individual and total piperamide contents of widely consumed peppers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mendel Friedman
- Western Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Albany, California 94710, USA.
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Bezerra DP, Moura DJ, Rosa RM, de Vasconcellos MC, e Silva ACR, de Moraes MO, Silveira ER, Lima MAS, Henriques JAP, Costa-Lotufo LV, Saffi J. Evaluation of the genotoxicity of piplartine, an alkamide of Piper tuberculatum, in yeast and mammalian V79 cells. Mutat Res 2008; 652:164-74. [PMID: 18372210 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2008.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2007] [Revised: 01/31/2008] [Accepted: 02/04/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The genus Piper belongs to the Piperaceae family, and includes species of commercial and medicinal importance. Chemical studies on Piper species resulted in the isolation of several biologically active molecules, including alkaloid amides, such as piplartine. This molecule, isolated from Piper tuberculatum, has significant cytotoxic activity against tumor cell lines, and presents antifungal, anti-platelet aggregation, anxiolytic, and antidepressant effects. In order to understand the biological properties of piplartine, this study investigated the genotoxicity and the induction of apoptosis by piplartine in V79 cells and its mutagenic and recombinogenic potential in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Piplartine induced dose-dependent cytotoxicity in S. cerevisiae cultures in either stationary -- or exponential growth phase. In addition, piplartine was not mutagenic when cells were treated during exponential-growth phase and kept in buffer solution, but it increased the frequencies of point, frameshift, and forward mutations when cells were treated in medium during growth. Piplartine treatment induced DNA strand breaks in V79 cells, as detected by neutral and alkaline comet assay. In cell cycle analysis, piplartine induced G2/M cell cycle arrest, probably as a consequence of the DNA damage induced and repair. Moreover, piplartine treatment induced apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner, as observed by a decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential and an increase in internucleosomal DNA fragmentation. These data suggest that the DNA damage caused by piplartine induces G2/M cell cycle arrest, followed by apoptosis. Moreover, we suggest that cells surviving piplartine-induced DNA damage can accumulate mutations, since this alkaloid was mutagenic and recombinogenic in S. cerevisiae assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Pereira Bezerra
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
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Kozukue N, Park MS, Choi SH, Lee SU, Ohnishi-Kameyama M, Levin CE, Friedman M. Kinetics of light-induced cis-trans isomerization of four piperines and their levels in ground black peppers as determined by HPLC and LC/MS. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2007; 55:7131-9. [PMID: 17661483 DOI: 10.1021/jf070831p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The pungent compounds piperine and isomers thereof, secondary metabolites present in black and white pepper fruit, undergo light-induced isomerizations. To facilitate studies in this area, an HPLC method has been developed for analysis and isolation of the following four possible piperine-derived photoinduced isomers: piperine, isopiperine, chavicine, and isochavicine. The limits of detection (LOD) estimated from calibration plots were approximately 15-30 ng for each isomer. Reproducibilities of the analyses were excellent, and recoveries of spiked samples were as follows (average +/- SD; n = 3): chavicine, 98.4 +/- 2.1%; isopiperine, 96.2 +/- 3.2%; piperine, 104 +/- 3.8%; isochavicine, 98.9 +/- 3.0%. To determine the kinetics of these isomerizations, fluorescent light, sunlight, and UV radiation at 254 nm was used to induce cis-trans geometric isomerization as a function of light intensities and time of exposure determined with the aid of high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and liquid chromatography with diode array UV detection-mass spectrometry (LC-DAD/MS). HPLC was also used to determine the distribution of the isomers in four commercial ground black pepper products used as spices in culinary practice. Isomerization increased with light intensities and time of exposure and leveled off at the so-called photostationary phases. The piperine levels of the four products were quite similar, ranging (in wt %) from 10.17 to 11.68. The amounts of the other three isomers ranged from 0.01 to 0.07 of the total for chavicine; from 0.15 to 0.23 for isopiperine; and from 0.37 to 0.42 for isochavicine. The results establish the utility of the HPLC method for simultaneous analysis of the four isomers both in pure form and in black pepper extracts. The dietary significance of the results is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuyuki Kozukue
- Department of Food Service Industry, Uiduk University, San 50 Yugeom, Gangdong, Gyeongju, Gyongbuk 780-713, Korea
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Lee MK, Park YB, Moon SS, Bok SH, Kim DJ, Ha TY, Jeong TS, Jeong KS, Choi MS. Hypocholesterolemic and antioxidant properties of 3-(4-hydroxyl)propanoic acid derivatives in high-cholesterol fed rats. Chem Biol Interact 2007; 170:9-19. [PMID: 17662703 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2007.06.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2007] [Revised: 06/19/2007] [Accepted: 06/19/2007] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the in vivo efficacy of two cinnamic acid synthetic derivatives (allyl 3-[4-hydroxyphenyl]propanoate; HPP304, 1-naphthyl-methyl 3-[4-hydroxyphenyl]propanoate; HPP305) in high-cholesterol fed rats and compare their actions to that of cinnamic acid. Cinnamic acid and its synthetic derivatives were supplemented with a high-cholesterol diet for 42 days at a dose of 0.135 mmol/100g of diet. The supplementation of HPP304 and HPP305 significantly lowered cholesterol and triglyceride levels in the plasma and liver with a simultaneous increase in the HDL-cholesterol concentration, whereas cinnamic acid only lowered the plasma cholesterol concentration. Cinnamic acid lowered hepatic HMG-CoA reductase activity in high-cholesterol fed rats, however, its synthetic derivatives (HPP304 and HPP305) did not affect HMG-CoA reductase activity compared to the control group. Instead, the HPP304 and HPP305 supplements significantly lowered hepatic acyl coenzyme A:cholesterol acyltransferase activity and increased the fecal bile acid. The SOD activity of the erythrocytes and liver was not different between the groups, however, the activities of CAT and GSH-Px, and the level of GSH in the erythrocytes were significantly higher in the HPP304 and HPP305 groups than in the control group. On the other hand, the activities of CAT and GSH-Px, and the level of malondialdehyde in the liver were significantly lower in the HPP304 and HPP305 groups. The antioxidant activities of these cinnamic acid synthetic derivatives were similar to the cinnamic acid in the high-cholesterol fed rats. In addition, HPP304 and HPP305 lowered amniotransferase activity in the plasma. These results suggest that two cinnamic acid synthetic derivatives (HPP304 and HPP305) exert lipid-lowering action and antioxidant properties without hepatotoxicity in high-cholesterol fed rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi-Kyung Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Sunchon National University, Jeonnam, Republic of Korea
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