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Kim JS, Lee H, Yoo A, Jeong HY, Jung CH, Ahn J, Ha TY. Gromwell ( Lithospermum erythrorhizon) Attenuates High-Fat-Induced Skeletal Muscle Wasting by Increasing Protein Synthesis and Mitochondrial Biogenesis. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 34:495-505. [PMID: 38247215 PMCID: PMC11016769 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2311.11034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Gromwell (Lithospermum erythrorhizon, LE) can mitigate obesity-induced skeletal muscle atrophy in C2C12 myotubes and high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mice. The purpose of this study was to investigate the anti-skeletal muscle atrophy effects of LE and the underlying molecular mechanism. C2C12 myotubes were pretreated with LE or shikonin, and active component of LE, for 24 h and then treated with 500 μM palmitic acid (PA) for an additional 24 h. Additionally, mice were fed a HFD for 8 weeks to induced obesity, and then fed either the same diet or a version containing 0.25% LE for 10 weeks. LE attenuated PA-induced myotubes atrophy in differentiated C2C12 myotubes. The supplementation of LE to obese mice significantly increased skeletal muscle weight, lean body mass, muscle strength, and exercise performance compared with those in the HFD group. LE supplementation not only suppressed obesity-induced skeletal muscle lipid accumulation, but also downregulated TNF-α and atrophic genes. LE increased protein synthesis in the skeletal muscle via the mTOR pathway. We observed LE induced increase of mitochondrial biogenesis and upregulation of oxidative phosphorylation related genes in the skeletal muscles. Furthermore, LE increased the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator-1 alpha and the phosphorylation of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase. Collectively, LE may be useful in ameliorating the detrimental effects of obesity-induced skeletal muscle atrophy through the increase of protein synthesis and mitochondrial biogenesis of skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Sun Kim
- Aging and Metabolism Research Group, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
- BK21 FOUR Institute of Precision Public Health, Interdisciplinary Program in Precision Public Health, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunjung Lee
- Aging and Metabolism Research Group, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Ahyoung Yoo
- Aging and Metabolism Research Group, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Hang Yeon Jeong
- Aging and Metabolism Research Group, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Hwa Jung
- Aging and Metabolism Research Group, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Republic of Korea
- Department of Food Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyun Ahn
- Aging and Metabolism Research Group, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Republic of Korea
- Department of Food Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Youl Ha
- Aging and Metabolism Research Group, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Republic of Korea
- Department of Food Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Republic of Korea
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Lee E, Seo HD, Kim D, Park SH, Kim SR, Hyun C, Hahm JH, Ha TY, Ahn J, Jung CH. Millet seed oil activates β-catenin signaling and promotes hair growth. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1172084. [PMID: 37229245 PMCID: PMC10203242 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1172084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Alopecia, regardless of gender, exacerbates psychological stress in those affected. The rising prevalence of alopecia has fueled a research interest in preventing hair loss. This study investigates the potential of millet seed oil (MSO) in promoting the proliferation of hair follicle dermal papilla cells (HFDPC) and stimulating hair growth in animals with testosterone-dependent hair growth inhibition as part of a study on dietary treatments to improve hair growth. MSO-treated HFDPC significantly increased cell proliferation and phosphorylation of AKT, S6K1, and GSK3β proteins. This induces β-catenin, a downstream transcription factor, to translocate to the nucleus and increase the expression of factors related to cell growth. In a C57BL/6 mice model in which hair growth was inhibited by subcutaneous testosterone injection after shaving the dorsal skin, oral administration of MSO stimulated hair growth in the subject mice by increasing the size and number of hair follicles. These results suggest that MSO is a potent agent that may help prevent or treat androgenetic alopecia by promoting hair growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunyoung Lee
- Aging and Metabolism Research Group, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-Gun, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Deok Seo
- Aging and Metabolism Research Group, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-Gun, Republic of Korea
| | - Daedong Kim
- Aging and Metabolism Research Group, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-Gun, Republic of Korea
- Department of Food Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology, Wanju-Gun, Republic of Korea
| | - So-Hyun Park
- Aging and Metabolism Research Group, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-Gun, Republic of Korea
- Department of Food Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology, Wanju-Gun, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Ro Kim
- Suheung Research Center, Seongnam-si, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Jeong-Hoon Hahm
- Aging and Metabolism Research Group, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-Gun, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Youl Ha
- Aging and Metabolism Research Group, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-Gun, Republic of Korea
- Department of Food Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology, Wanju-Gun, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyun Ahn
- Aging and Metabolism Research Group, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-Gun, Republic of Korea
- Department of Food Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology, Wanju-Gun, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Hwa Jung
- Aging and Metabolism Research Group, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-Gun, Republic of Korea
- Department of Food Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology, Wanju-Gun, Republic of Korea
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Seo HD, Lee E, Ahn J, Hahm JH, Ha TY, Lee DH, Jung CH. Codium fragile reduces adipose tissue expansion and fatty liver incidence by downregulating adipo- and lipogenesis. J Food Biochem 2022; 46:e14395. [PMID: 36093909 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.14395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Codium fragile (C. fragile) is a marine alga with high functional food potential. Recent studies have proven C. fragile extract (CFE) effective against obesity. However, the exact underlying mechanism of CFE's anti-obesity effects remains unclear. Herein, CFE was orally administered to male C57BL/6 mice for 7 weeks, along with a high-fat diet. CFE (100 mg/kg) effectively induced weight loss, lowered serum cholesterol levels, and suppressed adipocyte differentiation in white adipose tissue (WAT). Furthermore, CFE effectively reduced hepatic total triglyceride, cholesterol, and lipid levels, while significantly improving liver size and color. mRNA expression analysis in WAT and liver tissue revealed that CFE significantly suppressed the expression of PPARγ and aP-2 in adipocyte differentiation, and SREBP-1c and FAS in de novo lipogenesis, suggesting that CFE's anti-obesity effect is exerted by gene inhibition. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Research on marine plants with anti-obesity effects has been increasing recently. This study demonstrated that C. fragile extract (CFE) is effective in reducing body weight and suppressing adipocyte differentiation, along with the improvement of fatty liver in mice fed with a high-fat diet (HFD). The anti-obesity effect of CFE was exhibited by the down-regulation of adipogenesis and lipogenesis, respectively. Based on these results, C. fragile could be useful, not only to effectively combat obesity but also in improving obesity-induced liver dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo-Deok Seo
- Aging and Metabolism Research Group, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do, South Korea
| | - Eunyoung Lee
- Aging and Metabolism Research Group, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do, South Korea
| | - Jiyun Ahn
- Aging and Metabolism Research Group, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do, South Korea.,Department of Food Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Jeong-Hoon Hahm
- Aging and Metabolism Research Group, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do, South Korea
| | - Tae-Youl Ha
- Aging and Metabolism Research Group, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do, South Korea.,Department of Food Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Dae-Hee Lee
- Department of Marine Food Science and Technology, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, Gangwon-do, South Korea.,Nbios Inc., Gangneung, Gangwon-do, South Korea
| | - Chang Hwa Jung
- Aging and Metabolism Research Group, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do, South Korea
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Lee DH, Park SH, Lee E, Seo HD, Ahn J, Jang YJ, Ha TY, Im SS, Jung CH. Withaferin A exerts an anti-obesity effect by increasing energy expenditure through thermogenic gene expression in high-fat diet-fed obese mice. Phytomedicine 2021; 82:153457. [PMID: 33444942 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2020.153457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The enhancement of energy expenditure has attracted attention as a therapeutic target for the management of body weight. Withaferin A (WFA), a major constituent of Withania somnifera extract, has been reported to possess anti-obesity properties, however the underlying mechanism remains unknown. PURPOSE To investigate whether WFA exerts anti-obesity effects via increased energy expenditure, and if so, to characterize the underlying pathway. METHODS C57BL/6 J mice were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for 10 weeks, and WFA was orally administered for 7 days. The oxygen consumption rate of mice was measured at 9 weeks using an OxyletPro™ system. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E), immunohistochemistry, immunoblotting, and real-time PCR methods were used. RESULTS Treatment with WFA ameliorated HFD-induced obesity by increasing energy expenditure by improving of mitochondrial activity in brown adipose tissue (BAT) and promotion of subcutaneous white adipose tissue (scWAT) browning via increasing uncoupling protein 1 levels. WFA administration also significantly increased AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) phosphorylation in the BAT of obese mice. Additionally, WFA activated mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling, including p38/extracellular signal-regulated kinase MAPK, in both BAT and scWAT. CONCLUSION WFA enhances energy expenditure and ameliorates obesity via the induction of AMPK and activating p38/extracellular signal-regulated kinase MAPK, which triggers mitochondrial biogenesis and browning-related gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da-Hye Lee
- Division of Food Functionality Research, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, Jeonbuk 55365, Republic of Korea; Department of Food Biotechnology, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - So-Hyun Park
- Division of Food Functionality Research, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, Jeonbuk 55365, Republic of Korea; Department of Food Biotechnology, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunyoung Lee
- Division of Food Functionality Research, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, Jeonbuk 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Deok Seo
- Division of Food Functionality Research, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, Jeonbuk 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyun Ahn
- Division of Food Functionality Research, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, Jeonbuk 55365, Republic of Korea; Department of Food Biotechnology, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Jin Jang
- Division of Food Functionality Research, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, Jeonbuk 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Youl Ha
- Division of Food Functionality Research, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, Jeonbuk 55365, Republic of Korea; Department of Food Biotechnology, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Soon Im
- Department of Physiology, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, 42601, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Hwa Jung
- Division of Food Functionality Research, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, Jeonbuk 55365, Republic of Korea; Department of Food Biotechnology, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea.
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Lee DH, Park SH, Ahn J, Hong SP, Lee E, Jang YJ, Ha TY, Huh YH, Ha SY, Jeon TI, Jung CH. Mir214-3p and Hnf4a/Hnf4α reciprocally regulate Ulk1 expression and autophagy in nonalcoholic hepatic steatosis. Autophagy 2020; 17:2415-2431. [PMID: 33078654 PMCID: PMC8496708 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2020.1827779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Macroautophagy/autophagy, a self-degradative process, regulates metabolic homeostasis in response to various stress conditions and is a therapeutic target for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. We found that autophagic activity was inhibited as a result of a significant reduction in the expression of autophagy-related genes such as Ulk1 in a mouse model and patients with fatty liver. This downregulation was caused by increased Mir214-3p levels and decreased Hnf4a/Hnf4α mRNA levels in hepatocytes. Mir214-3p suppressed Ulk1 expression through direct binding at a 3' untranslated region sequence. Hnf4a directly activated transcription of Ulk1. We investigated lipid accumulation and the expression of autophagy-related genes in the livers of mice treated with anti-Mir214-3p. Hepatic steatosis was alleviated, and Ulk1 mRNA levels were significantly increased by locked nucleic acid-mediated Mir214-3p silencing. Additionally, autophagosome formation and MAP1LC3/LC3-II protein levels were increased, indicating an increase in autophagic activity. Interestingly, suppression of Mir214-3p did not ameliorate fatty liver under Ulk1 suppression, suggesting that reduced Mir214-3p levels mitigate hepatic steatosis through upregulation of Ulk1. These results demonstrate that inhibition of Mir214-3p expression ameliorated fatty liver disease through increased autophagic activity by increasing the expression of Ulk1. Thus, Mir214-3p is a potential therapeutic target for nonalcoholic fatty disease.Abbreviations: AMPK: adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase; ATG: autophagy-related; ChIP: chromatin immunoprecipitation; CTSB: cathepsin B; CTSL: cathepsin L; CQ: chloroquine; HFD: high-fat diet; HNF4A: hepatocyte nuclear factor 4, alpha; IF: immunofluorescence; IHC: immunohistochemistry; LDs: lipid droplets; Leup: leupeptin; LFD: low-fat diet; LNA: locked nucleic acid; MAP1LC3B/LC3B: microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 beta; miRNA: microRNA; MTOR: mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase; NAFLD: non-alcoholic fatty liver disease; NASH: non-alcoholic steatohepatitis; PCR: polymerase chain reaction; TEM: transmission electron microscopy; TF: transcription factor; TLDA: TaqMan low-density array; ULK1: unc-51 like kinase 1; UTR: untranslated region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da-Hye Lee
- Research Division of Food Functionality, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, Republic of Korea.,Department of Food Biotechnology, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - So-Hyun Park
- Research Division of Food Functionality, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, Republic of Korea.,Department of Food Biotechnology, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyun Ahn
- Research Division of Food Functionality, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, Republic of Korea.,Department of Food Biotechnology, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Pyo Hong
- Research Division of Food Functionality, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunyoung Lee
- Research Division of Food Functionality, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Jin Jang
- Research Division of Food Functionality, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Youl Ha
- Research Division of Food Functionality, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, Republic of Korea.,Department of Food Biotechnology, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yang Hoon Huh
- Center for Electron Microscopy Research, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Yeon Ha
- Department of Pathology, Gil Medical Center, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Il Jeon
- Department of Animal Science, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Hwa Jung
- Research Division of Food Functionality, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, Republic of Korea.,Department of Food Biotechnology, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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Park SH, Lee DH, Choi HI, Ahn J, Jang YJ, Ha TY, Jung CH. Synergistic lipid-lowering effects of Zingiber mioga and Hippophae rhamnoides extracts. Exp Ther Med 2020; 20:2270-2278. [PMID: 32765704 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2020.8913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of a mixture of Hippophae rhamnoides (HR) and Zingiber mioga (ZM) extract (ZH) on intracellular lipid accumulation were investigated in vitro and the anti-obesity effects of ZH evaluated in mice with high-fat diet-induced obesity. The results revealed that ZH inhibited lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and Huh-7 cells by suppressing adipogenic and lipogenic gene and protein expression. To evaluate the anti-obesity effects of ZH, mice fed a high-fat diet were orally administered low and high doses of ZH (low, ZM 400 mg/kg + HR 100 mg/kg; high, ZM 800 mg/kg + HR 200 mg/kg) for 9 weeks. ZH significantly reduced body weight gain and adipose tissue accumulation with no reduction in food intake when compared to control treatment. Furthermore, ZH reduced hepatic triglyceride and total cholesterol levels, as well as adipose cell size, in the liver and epididymal fat pads, respectively, through inhibition of adipogenesis and lipogenesis-related gene expression. These results suggested that ZH inhibits lipid accumulation, thereby indicating its potential for use as a new therapeutic strategy for obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- So-Hyun Park
- Department of Food Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Republic of Korea.,Research Group of Natural Materials and Metabolism, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Da-Hye Lee
- Department of Food Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Republic of Korea.,Research Group of Natural Materials and Metabolism, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Il Choi
- Research Group of Natural Materials and Metabolism, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyun Ahn
- Department of Food Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Republic of Korea.,Research Group of Natural Materials and Metabolism, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Jin Jang
- Research Group of Natural Materials and Metabolism, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Youl Ha
- Department of Food Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Republic of Korea.,Research Group of Natural Materials and Metabolism, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Hwa Jung
- Department of Food Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Republic of Korea.,Research Group of Natural Materials and Metabolism, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Republic of Korea
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Gwon SY, Ahn J, Jung CH, Moon B, Ha TY. Shikonin Attenuates Hepatic Steatosis by Enhancing Beta Oxidation and Energy Expenditure via AMPK Activation. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12041133. [PMID: 32316687 PMCID: PMC7230385 DOI: 10.3390/nu12041133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Shikonin, a natural plant pigment, is known to have anti-obesity activity and to improve insulin sensitivity. This study aimed to examine the effect of shikonin on hepatic steatosis, focusing on the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and energy expenditure in Hepa 1-6 cells and in high-fat fed mice. Shikonin increased AMPK phosphorylation in a dose- and time-dependent manner, and inhibition of AMPK with compound C inhibited this activation. In an oleic acid-induced steatosis model in hepatocytes, shikonin suppressed oleic acid-induced lipid accumulation, increased AMPK phosphorylation, suppressed the expression of lipogenic genes, and stimulated fatty acid oxidation-related genes. Shikonin administration for four weeks decreased body weight gain and the accumulation of lipid droplets in the liver of high-fat fed mice. Furthermore, shikonin promoted energy expenditure by activating fatty acid oxidation. In addition, shikonin increased the expression of PPARγ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α), carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1 (CPT1) and other mitochondrial function-related genes. These results suggest that shikonin attenuated a high fat diet-induced nonalcoholic fatty liver disease by stimulating fatty acid oxidation and energy expenditure via AMPK activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- So Young Gwon
- Division of Food Functionality Research, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju 55365, Korea; (S.Y.G.); (J.A.); (C.H.J.)
- Department of Law Policy Research, National Food Safety Information Service, Seoul 110-750, Korea
| | - Jiyun Ahn
- Division of Food Functionality Research, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju 55365, Korea; (S.Y.G.); (J.A.); (C.H.J.)
- Division of Food Biotechnology, University of Science & Technology, Daejeon 305-350, Korea
| | - Chang Hwa Jung
- Division of Food Functionality Research, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju 55365, Korea; (S.Y.G.); (J.A.); (C.H.J.)
- Division of Food Biotechnology, University of Science & Technology, Daejeon 305-350, Korea
| | - BoKyung Moon
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 456-756, Korea;
| | - Tae-Youl Ha
- Division of Food Functionality Research, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju 55365, Korea; (S.Y.G.); (J.A.); (C.H.J.)
- Division of Food Biotechnology, University of Science & Technology, Daejeon 305-350, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-632299054; Fax: +82-632299225
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Woo M, Choi HI, Park SH, Ahn J, Jang YJ, Ha TY, Lee DH, Seo HD, Jung CH. The unc-51 like autophagy activating kinase 1-autophagy related 13 complex has distinct functions in tunicamycin-treated cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 524:744-749. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.01.160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Choi HI, Lee DH, Park SH, Jang YJ, Ahn J, Ha TY, Jung CH. Antiobesity effects of the combination of Patrinia scabiosaefolia root and Hippophae rhamnoides leaf extracts. J Food Biochem 2020; 44:e13214. [PMID: 32232876 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Patrinia scabiosaefolia (PS) and Hippophae rhamnoides (HR) are traditionally used functional foods. Extracts from the root of PS are known for their anti-inflammatory effects, whereas those from the leaf of HR are effective at both preventing and treating obesity. This study investigated whether the extract combination of PS and HR (PHE) affected weight loss in obese mice. In vitro experiments demonstrated that PHE showed a synergistic effect on inhibiting adipocyte differentiation as compared with treatment with the single extracts. Additionally, PHE suppressed adipogenic-related genes in a concentration-dependent manner. In vivo PHE supplementation suppressed body weight gain, inhibited hepatic lipid accumulation, decreased adipose size, serum triglycerides, and improved insulin resistance in obese mice. These results suggest that a treatment strategy using a combination of plant-derived extracts might be effective at ameliorating obesity. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Currently, common methods for reducing obesity are diet and exercise. These can stimulate oxidative phosphorylation and metabolic activation so have significantly effects. However, these are largely due to individual compliance; there is no significant effect of reducing the worldwide obesity rate. Recently, herbal extracts has been reported as alternative medicine about inflammatory and obesity because diet with the herbal extracts can improve obesity with minimal side effects. Of particular, a mixture of herbal products was investigated for the treatment of obesity. Our reports demonstrated the synergistic effects of natural products and emphasizes the need for studies investigating other combinations of herbal extracts in the treatment of obesity. The results of our studies highlight the synergistic effects of combination phytochemical extracts and their role in ameliorating obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Il Choi
- Research Group of Natural Materials and Metabolism, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, Republic of Korea
| | - Da-Hye Lee
- Research Group of Natural Materials and Metabolism, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, Republic of Korea.,Department of Food Biotechnology, Korea University of Science and Technology, Wanju-gun, Republic of Korea
| | - So-Hyun Park
- Research Group of Natural Materials and Metabolism, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, Republic of Korea.,Department of Food Biotechnology, Korea University of Science and Technology, Wanju-gun, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Jin Jang
- Research Group of Natural Materials and Metabolism, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyun Ahn
- Research Group of Natural Materials and Metabolism, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, Republic of Korea.,Department of Food Biotechnology, Korea University of Science and Technology, Wanju-gun, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Youl Ha
- Research Group of Natural Materials and Metabolism, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, Republic of Korea.,Department of Food Biotechnology, Korea University of Science and Technology, Wanju-gun, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Hwa Jung
- Research Group of Natural Materials and Metabolism, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, Republic of Korea.,Department of Food Biotechnology, Korea University of Science and Technology, Wanju-gun, Republic of Korea
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Lee DH, Park SH, Huh YH, Jung Kim M, Seo HD, Ha TY, Ahn J, Jang YJ, Jung CH. Iridoids of Valeriana fauriei contribute to alleviating hepatic steatosis in obese mice by lipophagy. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 125:109950. [PMID: 32058217 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.109950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common risk factor for metabolic syndrome that increases the risk of future cardiovascular disease, stroke, and diabetes. Recently, autophagy has been proposed as a means to prevent NAFLD. We investigated whether substances with autophagy-inducing activity alleviate NAFLD. The Valeriana fauriei (V. fauriei) was selected as a potential autophagy inducer among various natural materials using a Cyto-ID autophagy detection kit. V. fauriei 70 % ethanol extract (VFE) increased LC3II levels in the presence of the lysosomal inhibitor and reduced the GFP/mCherry puncta ratio, suggesting that VFE enhanced autophagy. VFE reduced oleic acid (OA)-induced lipid accumulation and increased the number of autophagosome in hepatocytes. Autophagy induction by VFE is due to inhibition of mTORC1 activity. VFE supplementation reduced fatty liver by downregulating lipogenesis-related genes and increased the autophagy, as revealed by TEM and IHC analysis in the fatty liver. We identified iridoids as main compounds of VFE; didrovaltrate (DI), valeriotriate B (VAL B), valeriotetrate C (VAL C), valtrate (VAL), and valechlorine (VC) were shown to enhance autophagy. These compounds also reduced OA-induced lipid accumulation in an Atg5-dependent manner. Taken together, VFE and its iridoids might be effective in alleviating fatty liver by acting as autophagy enhancers to break down LDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da-Hye Lee
- Research Division of Food Functionality, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do, 55365, Republic of Korea; Department of Food Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology, Daejoen, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - So-Hyun Park
- Research Division of Food Functionality, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do, 55365, Republic of Korea; Department of Food Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology, Daejoen, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Yang Hoon Huh
- Center for Electron Microscopy Research, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju, 28119, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Jung Kim
- Research Division of Food Functionality, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do, 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Deok Seo
- Research Division of Food Functionality, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do, 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Youl Ha
- Research Division of Food Functionality, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do, 55365, Republic of Korea; Department of Food Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology, Daejoen, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyun Ahn
- Research Division of Food Functionality, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do, 55365, Republic of Korea; Department of Food Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology, Daejoen, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Jin Jang
- Research Division of Food Functionality, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do, 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Hwa Jung
- Research Division of Food Functionality, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do, 55365, Republic of Korea; Department of Food Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology, Daejoen, 34113, Republic of Korea.
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Lee DH, Ahn J, Jang YJ, Seo HD, Ha TY, Kim MJ, Huh YH, Jung CH. Withania somnifera Extract Enhances Energy Expenditure via Improving Mitochondrial Function in Adipose Tissue and Skeletal Muscle. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12020431. [PMID: 32046183 PMCID: PMC7071232 DOI: 10.3390/nu12020431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Withania somnifera (WS), commonly known as ashwagandha, possesses diverse biological functions. WS root has mainly been used as an herbal medicine to treat anxiety and was recently reported to have an anti-obesity effect, however, the mechanisms underlying its action remain to be explored. We hypothesized that WS exerts its anti-obesity effect by enhancing energy expenditure through improving the mitochondrial function of brown/beige adipocytes and skeletal muscle. Male C57BL/6J mice were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) containing 0.25% or 0.5% WS 70% ethanol extract (WSE) for 10 weeks. WSE (0.5%) supplementation significantly suppressed the increases in body weight and serum lipids, and lipid accumulation in the liver and adipose tissue induced by HFD. WSE supplementation increased oxygen consumption and enhanced mitochondrial activity in brown fat and skeletal muscle in the HFD-fed mice. In addition, it promoted browning of subcutaneous fat by increasing mitochondrial uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) expression. Withaferin A (WFA), a major compound of WS, enhanced the differentiation of pre-adipocytes into beige adipocytes and oxygen consumption in C2C12 murine myoblasts. These results suggest that WSE ameliorates diet-induced obesity by enhancing energy expenditure via promoting mitochondrial function in adipose tissue and skeletal muscle, and WFA is a key regulator in this function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da-Hye Lee
- Division of Food Functionality Research, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, Jeonbuk 55365, Korea; (D.-H.L.); (J.A.); (Y.-J.J.); (H.-D.S.); (T.-Y.H.); (M.J.K.)
- Department of Food Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Korea
| | - Jiyun Ahn
- Division of Food Functionality Research, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, Jeonbuk 55365, Korea; (D.-H.L.); (J.A.); (Y.-J.J.); (H.-D.S.); (T.-Y.H.); (M.J.K.)
- Department of Food Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Korea
| | - Young-Jin Jang
- Division of Food Functionality Research, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, Jeonbuk 55365, Korea; (D.-H.L.); (J.A.); (Y.-J.J.); (H.-D.S.); (T.-Y.H.); (M.J.K.)
| | - Hyo-Deok Seo
- Division of Food Functionality Research, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, Jeonbuk 55365, Korea; (D.-H.L.); (J.A.); (Y.-J.J.); (H.-D.S.); (T.-Y.H.); (M.J.K.)
| | - Tae-Youl Ha
- Division of Food Functionality Research, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, Jeonbuk 55365, Korea; (D.-H.L.); (J.A.); (Y.-J.J.); (H.-D.S.); (T.-Y.H.); (M.J.K.)
- Department of Food Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Korea
| | - Min Jung Kim
- Division of Food Functionality Research, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, Jeonbuk 55365, Korea; (D.-H.L.); (J.A.); (Y.-J.J.); (H.-D.S.); (T.-Y.H.); (M.J.K.)
| | - Yang Hoon Huh
- Center for Electron Microscopy Research, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju 28119, Korea;
| | - Chang Hwa Jung
- Division of Food Functionality Research, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, Jeonbuk 55365, Korea; (D.-H.L.); (J.A.); (Y.-J.J.); (H.-D.S.); (T.-Y.H.); (M.J.K.)
- Department of Food Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-63-219-9301; Fax: +82-63-219-9225
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Kim MJ, Lee DH, Ahn J, Jang YJ, Ha TY, Do E, Jung CH. Nutrikinetic study of fermented soybean paste ( Cheonggukjang) isoflavones according to the Sasang typology. Nutr Res Pract 2019; 14:102-108. [PMID: 32256984 PMCID: PMC7075739 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2020.14.2.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES In Oriental medicine, certain foods may be beneficial or detrimental based on an individual's constitution; however, the scientific basis for this theory is insufficient. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of body constitution, based on the Sasang type of Korean traditional medical classification system, on the bioavailability of soy isoflavones of Cheonggukjang, a quick-fermented soybean paste. SUBJECTS/METHODS A pilot study was conducted on 48 healthy Korean men to evaluate the bioavailability of isoflavone after ingestion of food based on constitution types classified by the Sasang typology. The participants were classified into the Taeeumin (TE; n = 15), Soyangin (SY; n = 15), and Soeumin (SE; n = 18) groups. Each participant ingested 50 g of Cheonggukjang per 60 kg body weight. Thereafter, blood was collected, and the soy isoflavone metabolites were analyzed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Ntrikinetic analysis of individual isoflavone-derived metabolites was performed. RESULTS Our nutrikinetic analysis identified 21 metabolites derived from isoflavones in the blood samples from 48 healthy Korean men (age range, 21-29 years). Significant differences were observed in the time to maximum concentration (T max) and elimination half-life (t 1/2) for nine metabolites among the three groups. The T max and t 1/2 of the nine metabolites were higher in the SE group than in the other groups. Moreover, the absorption rates, as determined by the area under the plasma-level curve (AUC) values of intact isoflavone, were 5.3 and 9.4 times higher in the TE group than in the SY and SE groups, respectively. Additionally, the highest AUC values for phase I and II metabolites were observed in the TE group. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that isoflavone bioavailability, following Cheonggukjang insgestion, is high in individuals with the TE constitution, and relatively lower in those with the SE and SY constitutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Jung Kim
- Research Division of Food Functionality, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, Jeonbuk 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Da-Hye Lee
- Research Division of Food Functionality, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, Jeonbuk 55365, Republic of Korea.,Department of Food Biotechnology, Korea University of Science and Technology, Wanju-gun, Jeonbuk 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyun Ahn
- Research Division of Food Functionality, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, Jeonbuk 55365, Republic of Korea.,Department of Food Biotechnology, Korea University of Science and Technology, Wanju-gun, Jeonbuk 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Jin Jang
- Research Division of Food Functionality, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, Jeonbuk 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Youl Ha
- Research Division of Food Functionality, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, Jeonbuk 55365, Republic of Korea.,Department of Food Biotechnology, Korea University of Science and Technology, Wanju-gun, Jeonbuk 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunju Do
- Clinical Trial Convergence Commercialization Team, Korea Medicine Industry Support Center, Daegu Technopark, Susung-gu, Daegu 42158, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Hwa Jung
- Research Division of Food Functionality, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, Jeonbuk 55365, Republic of Korea.,Department of Food Biotechnology, Korea University of Science and Technology, Wanju-gun, Jeonbuk 55365, Republic of Korea
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Kim JS, Lee H, Nirmala FS, Jung CH, Jang YJ, Ha TY, Ahn J. Dry-Fermented Soybean Food (Cheonggukjang) Ameliorates Senile Osteoporosis in the Senescence-Accelerated Mouse Prone 6 Model. J Med Food 2019; 22:1047-1057. [PMID: 31566516 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2018.4335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Senile osteoporosis increases the risk of skeletal fractures with age. Cheonggukjang (CGJ), a traditional Korean dry fermented soybean product, has numerous therapeutic effects; however, its effects on bone mineral density (BMD) and bone metabolism in senile osteoporosis are unclear. In this study, we treated the senescence-accelerated mouse prone 6 (SAMP6) model of senile osteoporosis with CGJ to determine its potential for ameliorating and preventing osteoporosis progression. High-performance liquid chromatography analysis for isoflavone profiles revealed that short-term fermentation significantly increased the isoflavone aglycone content in soybeans. Thereafter, we fed 6-week-old SAMP6 mice with experimental diets containing 5% or 10% CGJ for 15 weeks. Microcomputed tomography revealed that CGJ supplementation effectively increased the BMD and relative bone length. In vitro, CGJ increased the osteopontin reactivity and upregulated the expression of Alp, Col1a1, Fak, Bmp2/4, Smad1/5/8, and Runx2 in osteoblasts, and decreased Cathepsin K reactivity and downregulated Rankl and Nfatc1 expression in osteoclasts. In addition, CGJ increased the osteoprotegerin/Rankl ratio. Collectively, these results demonstrate that CGJ can ameliorate the detrimental effects of senile osteoporosis by improving osteogenesis and decreasing osteoclast activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Sun Kim
- Division of Nutrition and Metabolism Research, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do, Korea
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyunjung Lee
- Division of Nutrition and Metabolism Research, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do, Korea
| | - Farida Sukma Nirmala
- Division of Nutrition and Metabolism Research, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do, Korea
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Korea University of Science and Technology, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do, Korea
| | - Chang Hwa Jung
- Division of Nutrition and Metabolism Research, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do, Korea
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Korea University of Science and Technology, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do, Korea
| | - Young-Jin Jang
- Division of Nutrition and Metabolism Research, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do, Korea
| | - Tae-Youl Ha
- Division of Nutrition and Metabolism Research, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do, Korea
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Korea University of Science and Technology, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do, Korea
| | - Jiyun Ahn
- Division of Nutrition and Metabolism Research, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do, Korea
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Korea University of Science and Technology, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do, Korea
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Lee DH, Ahn J, Jang YJ, Ha TY, Jung CH. Oleic acid-induced defective autolysosome shows impaired lipid degradation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 513:553-559. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.04.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Nirmala FS, Lee H, Kim JS, Jung CH, Ha TY, Jang YJ, Ahn J. Fermentation Improves the Preventive Effect of Soybean Against Bone Loss in Senescence-Accelerated Mouse Prone 6. J Food Sci 2019; 84:349-357. [PMID: 30726579 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.14433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Revised: 12/02/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Osteopenia is a preclinical phase of osteoporosis, it occurs naturally with aging and increases the risk of bone fractures in elderly males. Previous studies have revealed the beneficial effects of soybean on preventing bone loss due to its isoflavone contents. Fermentation alters the soybean isoflavone contents, that is, isoflavone glucosides is hydrolyzed into aglycones. However, it is not clear how these alterations influences the preventive effect of soybean on bone loss. In this study, we fed senescence-accelerated mouse prone 6 (SAMP6), a model of senile osteopenia, with an equal dosage of nonfermented soybean (NS) or fermented soybean, Doenjang (DJ) for 18 weeks. Mice supplemented with DJ showed 1.13-fold higher bone densities and 1.06-fold longer relative bone lengths than those of osteopenic SAMP6 mice old control (OC), while NS-supplemented mice showed no significant improvement. Supplementation with DJ effectively prevented bone loss in the osteopenia model by the improvement of bone formation and reduction of osteoclastogenesis. In addition, we discovered that DJ increased osteogenesis in SAMP6 mice via BMP2-Smad-Runx2 signaling. These results suggest that the fermentation process could enhance bone loss prevention by soybean and dietary supplementation with fermented soybeans may be beneficial for bone health. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Soybean fermentation improved the preventive effects of soybean on bone loss. Therefore, the consumption of fermented soybean, Doenjang, is a potential alternative for aging-related bone loss therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farida Sukma Nirmala
- Dep. of Food Biotechnology, Korea Univ. of Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunjung Lee
- Div. of Nutrition and Metabolism Research, Korea Food Research Inst., Wanju, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Sun Kim
- Dep. of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea Univ., Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Div. of Nutrition and Metabolism Research, Korea Food Research Inst., Wanju, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Hwa Jung
- Dep. of Food Biotechnology, Korea Univ. of Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Div. of Nutrition and Metabolism Research, Korea Food Research Inst., Wanju, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Youl Ha
- Dep. of Food Biotechnology, Korea Univ. of Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Div. of Nutrition and Metabolism Research, Korea Food Research Inst., Wanju, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Jin Jang
- Division of Nutrition and Metabolism Research, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyun Ahn
- Dep. of Food Biotechnology, Korea Univ. of Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Div. of Nutrition and Metabolism Research, Korea Food Research Inst., Wanju, Republic of Korea
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Kim JS, Park JT, Ahn J, Ha TY, Kim S. Optimization of Accelerated Solvent Extraction of Capsanthin from Red Paprika ( Capsicum annuum L.) Using Response Surface Methodology. FSTR 2019. [DOI: 10.3136/fstr.25.519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Sun Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University
- Research group of Natural Materials and Metabolism, Korea Food Research Institute
| | - Jong-Tae Park
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Chungnam National University
| | - Jiyun Ahn
- Research group of Natural Materials and Metabolism, Korea Food Research Institute
| | - Tae-Youl Ha
- Research group of Natural Materials and Metabolism, Korea Food Research Institute
| | - Suna Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition in Human Ecology, College of Natural Science, Korea National Open University
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Lee DH, Kim MJ, Park SH, Song EJ, Nam YD, Ahn J, Jang YJ, Ha TY, Jung CH. Bioavailability of Isoflavone Metabolites After Korean Fermented Soybean Paste (Doenjang) Ingestion in Estrogen-Deficient Rats. J Food Sci 2018; 83:2212-2221. [PMID: 30035387 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.14214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Revised: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Doenjang (DJ), a fermented soybean product used in soups, stews, and sauces, contains high quality proteins, fats, vitamins, minerals, and other functional ingredients, including isoflavones and saponins. This study investigated whether DJ improves the bioavailability of isoflavones compared to boiled soybean (BS) in sham-operated or ovariectomized (OVX) rats. We also examined the effects of ovariectomy on the differences in bioavailability of isoflavones. BS and DJ were administered in sham-operated and OVX rats, and blood samples were collected. Twenty-six isoflavone-derived metabolites were identified. Pharmacokinetic analysis revealed that T1/2 values of the individual isoflavone metabolites were most different in sham and OVX rats, even after the same sample treatment; however, Tmax values were significant different in a few metabolites such as daidzein 4'-glucuronide, daidzein 4'-sulfate, 2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid, and benzoic acid. For most of the individual metabolites, Cmax was higher in both sham and OVX rats administered BS than those administered DJ. The AUC was generally lower in OVX rats than in sham rats. The AUC of daidzein and genistein in BS-fed sham rats was approximately 1.7-fold higher than those administered DJ, whereas glycitein was detected only in the DJ group. No significant differences in AUC of daidzein and genistein were observed between BS and DJ administration in OVX rats, although the total isoflavone content of DJ was lower; thus, DJ-mediated isoflavone bioavailability was more effective in OVX rats. Similar tendencies were observed for phase II and gut-mediated metabolites. These results suggested that DJ enhanced isoflavone bioavailability under estrogen deficiency, even when the total isoflavone content was decreased by fermentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da-Hye Lee
- Research Group of Metabolic Mechanism, Korea Food Research Inst., Wanju-gun, Jeonbuk 55365, Republic of Korea
- Dept. of Food Biotechnology, Korea Univ. of Science and Technology, Wanju-gun, Jeonbuk 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Jung Kim
- Research Group of Metabolic Mechanism, Korea Food Research Inst., Wanju-gun, Jeonbuk 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - So-Hyun Park
- Research Group of Metabolic Mechanism, Korea Food Research Inst., Wanju-gun, Jeonbuk 55365, Republic of Korea
- Dept. of Food Biotechnology, Korea Univ. of Science and Technology, Wanju-gun, Jeonbuk 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Ji Song
- Research Group of Gut Microbiome, Korea Food Research Inst., Wanju-gun, Jeonbuk 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Do Nam
- Research Group of Gut Microbiome, Korea Food Research Inst., Wanju-gun, Jeonbuk 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyun Ahn
- Research Group of Metabolic Mechanism, Korea Food Research Inst., Wanju-gun, Jeonbuk 55365, Republic of Korea
- Dept. of Food Biotechnology, Korea Univ. of Science and Technology, Wanju-gun, Jeonbuk 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Jin Jang
- Research Group of Metabolic Mechanism, Korea Food Research Inst., Wanju-gun, Jeonbuk 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Youl Ha
- Research Group of Metabolic Mechanism, Korea Food Research Inst., Wanju-gun, Jeonbuk 55365, Republic of Korea
- Dept. of Food Biotechnology, Korea Univ. of Science and Technology, Wanju-gun, Jeonbuk 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Hwa Jung
- Research Group of Metabolic Mechanism, Korea Food Research Inst., Wanju-gun, Jeonbuk 55365, Republic of Korea
- Dept. of Food Biotechnology, Korea Univ. of Science and Technology, Wanju-gun, Jeonbuk 55365, Republic of Korea
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Kim JS, Lee H, Jung CH, Lee SJ, Ha TY, Ahn J. Chicoric acid mitigates impaired insulin sensitivity by improving mitochondrial function. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2018; 82:1197-1206. [DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2018.1451742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is associated with insulin resistance. Although chicoric acid (CA) is known to have beneficial effects on insulin sensitivity, the involvement of mitochondrial function has not been elucidated yet. Here, we investigated the effect of CA on insulin resistance and mitochondrial dysfunction. In palmitate-induced insulin-resistant C2C12 myotubes, CA improved impaired glucose uptake and insulin signaling pathways, along with enhanced mitochondrial membrane potential and oxygen consumption. CA treatment in diet-induced obese mice ameliorated glucose tolerance and increased insulin sensitivity. CA treatment also recovered the dysregulated expression of glucose metabolism-related genes in the high-fat-fed mice. CA significantly increased the mitochondrial DNA content, citrate synthase, and ATP content, as well as the expression of genes related to mitochondrial biogenesis and oxidative phosphorylation in the liver and skeletal muscle in high-fat- fed obese mice. These findings suggested that CA attenuates insulin resistance and promotes insulin sensitivity by enhancing mitochondrial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Sun Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University , Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Division of Nutrition and Metabolism Research, Korea Food Research Institute , Wanju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunjung Lee
- Division of Nutrition and Metabolism Research, Korea Food Research Institute , Wanju, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Hwa Jung
- Division of Nutrition and Metabolism Research, Korea Food Research Institute , Wanju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Joon Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University , Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Youl Ha
- Division of Nutrition and Metabolism Research, Korea Food Research Institute , Wanju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyun Ahn
- Division of Nutrition and Metabolism Research, Korea Food Research Institute , Wanju, Republic of Korea
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Kwon JH, Song GW, Hwang S, Kim KH, Ahn CS, Moon DB, Ha TY, Jung DH, Park GC, Kim SH, Kang WH, Cho HD, Jwa EK, Tak EY, Kirchner VA, Lee SG. Dual-graft adult living donor liver transplantation with ABO-incompatible graft: short-term and long-term outcomes. Am J Transplant 2018; 18:424-433. [PMID: 28758336 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.14448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Revised: 07/02/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
ABO-incompatible (ABOi) dual-graft (DG) adult living donor liver transplantation (ALDLT) is not commonly performed due to its inherently intricate surgical technique and immunological complexity. Therefore, data are lacking on the short- and long-term clinical outcomes of ABOi DG ALDLT. We performed a retrospective study by reviewing the medical records of patients who underwent ABOi DG ALDLT between 2008 and 2014. Additionally, computed tomography volumetric analysis was conducted to assess the graft regeneration rate. The mean age of a total of 28 recipients was 50.2 ± 8.5 years, and the mean model for end-stage liver disease score was 12.2 ± 4.6. The 1-, 3-, and 5-year patient survival rate was 96.4% during the mean follow-up period of 57.0 ± 22.4 months. The 1-, 3-, and 5-year graft survival rate was 96.4%, 94.2%, and 92.0%, respectively, and no significant differences were observed between ABO-compatible (ABOc) and ABOi grafts (P = .145). The biliary complication rate showed no significant difference (P = .195) between ABOc and ABOi grafts. Regeneration rates of ABOi grafts were not significantly different from those of ABOc grafts. DG ALDLT with ABOi and ABOc graft combination seems to be a feasible option for expanding the donor pool without additional donor risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Kwon
- Division of Liver Transplantation and Hepatobiliary Surgery, Department of Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - G W Song
- Division of Liver Transplantation and Hepatobiliary Surgery, Department of Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - S Hwang
- Division of Liver Transplantation and Hepatobiliary Surgery, Department of Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - K H Kim
- Division of Liver Transplantation and Hepatobiliary Surgery, Department of Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - C S Ahn
- Division of Liver Transplantation and Hepatobiliary Surgery, Department of Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - D B Moon
- Division of Liver Transplantation and Hepatobiliary Surgery, Department of Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - T Y Ha
- Division of Liver Transplantation and Hepatobiliary Surgery, Department of Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - D H Jung
- Division of Liver Transplantation and Hepatobiliary Surgery, Department of Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - G C Park
- Division of Liver Transplantation and Hepatobiliary Surgery, Department of Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - S H Kim
- Division of Liver Transplantation and Hepatobiliary Surgery, Department of Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - W H Kang
- Division of Liver Transplantation and Hepatobiliary Surgery, Department of Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - H D Cho
- Division of Liver Transplantation and Hepatobiliary Surgery, Department of Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - E K Jwa
- Division of Liver Transplantation and Hepatobiliary Surgery, Department of Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - E Y Tak
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences and Asan-Minnesota Institute for Innovating Transplantation, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - V A Kirchner
- Division of Transplantation, Department of Surgery and Asan-Minnesota Institute for Innovating Transplantation, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - S G Lee
- Division of Liver Transplantation and Hepatobiliary Surgery, Department of Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Lee DH, Kim MJ, Song EJ, Kim JH, Ahn J, Nam YD, Jang YJ, Ha TY, Jung CH. Nutrikinetic study of genistein metabolites in ovariectomized mice. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0186320. [PMID: 29059247 PMCID: PMC5653299 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0186320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was designed to evaluate the effect of ovariectomy on nutrikinetics of genistein metabolites. To characterize the time-dependent changes in genistein metabolite concentrations, we identified 13 genistein metabolites using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. The nutrikinetics of the individual metabolites at different time points were analyzed. Nutrikinetic analysis showed that genistein, genistein 4'-glucuronide, genistein 7-glucuronide, 3-hydroxygenistein, and hippuric acid showed relatively high bioavailability in the sham group compared to that in the ovariectomy group, suggesting that ovariectomy likely results in lower genistein bioavailability. These results may be related to alteration of gut microbiota by ovariectomy. The relative abundance of species of the Parabacteroides, Dorea, and Butyricimonas genera, and Desulfovibrionaceae_unclassified, Lachnospiraceae_unclassified, and Rikenellaceae_unclassified families increased in the ovariectomy group while the relative abundance of 523_7_unclassified and Y52_unclassified_unclassified increased in the sham group. These results suggest that gut microbiota alteration by ovariectomy may affect genistein bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da-Hye Lee
- Research Group of Metabolic Mechanism, Korea Food Research Institute, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Jung Kim
- Research Group of Metabolic Mechanism, Korea Food Research Institute, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Ji Song
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
- Research Group of Gut Microbiome, Korea Food Research Institute, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Hee Kim
- Research Group of Metabolic Mechanism, Korea Food Research Institute, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyun Ahn
- Research Group of Metabolic Mechanism, Korea Food Research Institute, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Do Nam
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
- Research Group of Gut Microbiome, Korea Food Research Institute, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Jin Jang
- Research Group of Metabolic Mechanism, Korea Food Research Institute, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Youl Ha
- Research Group of Metabolic Mechanism, Korea Food Research Institute, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Hwa Jung
- Research Group of Metabolic Mechanism, Korea Food Research Institute, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail:
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21
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Kim JS, Ha TY, Kim S, Lee SJ, Ahn J. Red paprika ( Capsicum annuum L.) and its main carotenoid capsanthin ameliorate impaired lipid metabolism in the liver and adipose tissue of high-fat diet-induced obese mice. J Funct Foods 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2017.01.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
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22
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Jung DH, Hwang S, Song GW, Ahn CS, Moon DB, Ha TY, Kim KH, Park GC, Kim BS, Park IJ, Lim SB, Kim JC, Yoo MW, Byeon JS, Jung HY, Lee GH, Myung SJ, Choe J, Choi JY, Park HW, Lee SG. Survival Benefit of Early Cancer Detection Through Regular Endoscopic Screening for De Novo Gastric and Colorectal Cancers in Korean Liver Transplant Recipients. Transplant Proc 2016; 48:145-51. [PMID: 26915860 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2015.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND De novo malignancy is not uncommon after liver transplantation (LT). Gastric cancer is one of the most common malignancies in both the Korean general population and LT recipients, and colorectal cancer prevalence is gradually increasing. METHODS Among 3690 adult recipients who underwent LT from January 1999 and December 2013, the screening patterns and prognosis of 26 cases of gastric cancer and 22 cases of colorectal cancer were analyzed. RESULTS For gastric cancer, the mean patient age was 54.6 ± 6.2 years at LT and 59.5 ± 6.7 years at cancer diagnosis, with a post-transplant interval of 60.2 ± 29.8 months. Patients were divided into regular (n = 18) and non-regular (n = 8) screening groups, with early cancer found in 14 and 0 patients; their 2-year survival rates after cancer diagnosis were 93.1% and 33.3% (P = .006), respectively. Endoscopic resection was successfully performed in 8 patients, all in the regular screening group. For colorectal cancer, the mean patient age was 53.3 ± 6.1 years at LT and 58.1 ± 6.7 years at cancer diagnosis, with a post-transplant interval of 54.3 ± 38.0 months. Patients were divided into regular (n = 19) and non-regular (n = 3) screening groups, with early cancer found in 12 and 0 patients; their 2-year survival rates after cancer diagnosis of 92.3% and 33.3% (P = .003), respectively. Endoscopic resection was successfully performed in 6 patients, all in the regular screening group. CONCLUSIONS LT recipients are strongly advised to undergo regular screening studies for various de novo malignancies, especially cancers common in the general population. Regular endoscopic screening contributes to the timely detection of gastric and colorectal cancers, improving post-treatment survival outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- D H Jung
- Department of Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - S Hwang
- Department of Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
| | - G W Song
- Department of Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - C S Ahn
- Department of Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - D B Moon
- Department of Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - T Y Ha
- Department of Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - K H Kim
- Department of Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - G C Park
- Department of Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - B S Kim
- Department of Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - I J Park
- Department of Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - S B Lim
- Department of Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - J C Kim
- Department of Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - M W Yoo
- Department of Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - J S Byeon
- Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - H Y Jung
- Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - G H Lee
- Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - S J Myung
- Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - J Choe
- Health Screening and Promotion Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - J Y Choi
- Health Screening and Promotion Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - H W Park
- Health Screening and Promotion Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - S G Lee
- Department of Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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23
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Jeon EJ, Lee DH, Kim YJ, Ahn J, Kim MJ, Hwang JT, Hur J, Kim M, Jang YJ, Ha TY, Seo DH, Lee JS, Sung MJ, Jung CH. Effects of yuja peel extract and its flavanones on osteopenia in ovariectomized rats and osteoblast differentiation. Mol Nutr Food Res 2016; 60:2587-2601. [PMID: 27506630 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201600257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Revised: 07/24/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Yuja (Citrus junos Tanaka) possesses various health benefits, but its effects on bone health are unknown. In this study, the preventative effects of yuja peel ethanol extract (YPEE) on osteopenia were determined in ovariectomized (OVX) rats, and the mechanisms by which YPEE and its flavanones regulate osteoblastogenesis were examined in vitro. METHODS AND RESULTS The effects of YPEE on osteoblastogenesis were investigated in MC3T3-E1 cells. YPEE promoted alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, mineralization, and the expression of osteoblast differentiation marker genes, such as ALP, runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), and osteocalcin. YPEE and its flavanones promoted osteoblast differentiation via BMP-2-mediated p38 and the Smad1/5/8 signaling pathway. YPEE supplementation significantly decreased body weight and increased uterine weight and bone mineral density in OVX rats. Based on a micro-CT analysis of femurs, YPEE significantly attenuated osteopenia and increased trabecular volume fraction, trabecular separation, and trabecular number (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Dietary YPEE has a protective effect on OVX-induced osteopenia. YPEE and its flavanones promote osteoblastogenesis via the activation of the BMP/p38/Smad/Runx2 pathways. These results extend our knowledge of the beneficial effects of YPEE and provide a basis for the development of novel therapies for osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Joo Jeon
- Research Group of Nutrition and Diet, Korea Food Research Institute, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Da-Hye Lee
- Research Group of Metabolic Mechanism, Korea Food Research Institute, Seongnam, Republic of Korea.,Department of Food Biotechnology, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Yang-Ji Kim
- Research Group of Metabolic Mechanism, Korea Food Research Institute, Seongnam, Republic of Korea.,Department of Food Biotechnology, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyun Ahn
- Research Group of Metabolic Mechanism, Korea Food Research Institute, Seongnam, Republic of Korea.,Department of Food Biotechnology, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Jung Kim
- Research Group of Metabolic Mechanism, Korea Food Research Institute, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Taek Hwang
- Research Group of Nutrition and Diet, Korea Food Research Institute, Seongnam, Republic of Korea.,Department of Food Biotechnology, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinyoung Hur
- Research Group of Metabolic Mechanism, Korea Food Research Institute, Seongnam, Republic of Korea.,Department of Food Biotechnology, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Mina Kim
- Research Group of Metabolic Mechanism, Korea Food Research Institute, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Jin Jang
- Research Group of Metabolic Mechanism, Korea Food Research Institute, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Youl Ha
- Research Group of Metabolic Mechanism, Korea Food Research Institute, Seongnam, Republic of Korea.,Department of Food Biotechnology, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Hyun Seo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yonsei University, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Suk Lee
- Department of Analysis Support, Gyeonggi Institute of Science & Technology Promotion, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Jeong Sung
- Research Group of Nutrition and Diet, Korea Food Research Institute, Seongnam, Republic of Korea.,Department of Food Biotechnology, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Hwa Jung
- Research Group of Metabolic Mechanism, Korea Food Research Institute, Seongnam, Republic of Korea.,Department of Food Biotechnology, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
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24
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Kang WH, Hwang S, Song GW, Jung DH, Kim KH, Park GC, Ha TY, Ahn CS, Moon DB, Yoon YI, Shin MH, Kim WJ, Kim SH, Lee SG. Donor Safety and Recipient Liver Function After Right-Lobe Liver Transplantation From Living Donors With Gilbert Syndrome. Transplant Proc 2016; 47:2827-30. [PMID: 26707296 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2015.10.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Donor safety is the most important aspect in living-donor liver transplantation (LDLT). Gilbert syndrome is an autosomal recessive condition that is a common cause of isolated unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia, and its prevalence is not negligibly low in the general population. This study intended to assess donor safety and recipient liver function after LDLT with the use of right liver grafts from living donors with Gilbert syndrome. METHODS Among 2,140 right liver transplantations performed from January 2002 to December 20113 at our institution, we identified 12 living donors (0.6%) who showed a preoperative serum total bilirubin level of ≥2 mg/dL. These donors were clinically diagnosed with Gilbert syndrome. The clinical outcomes of these donors and their recipients were analyzed retrospectively. RESULTS The mean donor age was 24.6 ± 7.1 years, and 11 donors were male. All subjects met the preoperative evaluation conditions for right liver donation except for the level of unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia. The mean serum total bilirubin level of the donors was 2.23 ± 0.20 mg/dL before and 1.79 ± 0.61 mg/dL 1 year after right liver donation. The preoperative donor direct bilirubin level was 0.43 ± 0.19 mg/dL. The preoperative indocyanine green retention rate at 15 minutes was 8.2 ± 2.8%. All donors and recipients recovered uneventfully and were alive at the time of writing. The recipient serum total bilirubin level was 1.29 ± 0.47 mg/dL 1 year after LDLT. CONCLUSIONS We suggest that LDLT with living donors with Gilbert syndrome can be safely performed, but that a meticulous preoperative evaluation is vital to maximize donor safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- W H Kang
- Division of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - S Hwang
- Division of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
| | - G W Song
- Division of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - D H Jung
- Division of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - K H Kim
- Division of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - G C Park
- Division of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - T Y Ha
- Division of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - C S Ahn
- Division of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - D B Moon
- Division of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Y I Yoon
- Division of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - M H Shin
- Division of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - W J Kim
- Division of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - S H Kim
- Division of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - S G Lee
- Division of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Lee DH, Kim YJ, Kim MJ, Ahn J, Ha TY, Lee SH, Jang YJ, Jung CH. Pharmacokinetics of Tyrosol Metabolites in Rats. Molecules 2016; 21:E128. [PMID: 26805800 PMCID: PMC6273429 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21010128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Revised: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 01/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Tyrosol is considered a potential antioxidant; however, little is known regarding the pharmacokinetics of its metabolites. To study the pharmacokinetics of tyrosol-derived metabolites after oral administration of a single dose of tyrosol, we attempted to identify tyrosol metabolites in rat plasma by using ultra-performance liquid chromatography and quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS). Two tyrosol metabolites (M1 and M2) were detected in the plasma. M1 was identified as tyrosol-4-sulfate (T4S) with an [M − H]− ion at m/z 217. While M2 showed an [M − H]− ion at m/z 151.0, its metabolite was not identified. Pharmacokinetic analysis of T4S and M2 showed rapid uptake after oral administration of tyrosol within 1 h. The metabolites were rapidly distributed in most organs and tissues and eliminated within 4 h. The greatest T4S deposition by tissue weight was observed in the liver, followed by the kidney and spleen, while M2 was most concentrated in the kidney followed by the liver and spleen. These findings indicate that T4S and M2 were distributed mainly in tissues with an abundant blood supply and were rapidly excreted in urine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da-Hye Lee
- Research Group of Metabolic Mechanism, Korea Food Research Institute, Seongnam 463-746, Korea.
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seongnam 463-746, Korea.
| | - Yang-Ji Kim
- Research Group of Metabolic Mechanism, Korea Food Research Institute, Seongnam 463-746, Korea.
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seongnam 463-746, Korea.
| | - Min Jung Kim
- Research Group of Metabolic Mechanism, Korea Food Research Institute, Seongnam 463-746, Korea.
| | - Jiyun Ahn
- Research Group of Metabolic Mechanism, Korea Food Research Institute, Seongnam 463-746, Korea.
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seongnam 463-746, Korea.
| | - Tae-Youl Ha
- Research Group of Metabolic Mechanism, Korea Food Research Institute, Seongnam 463-746, Korea.
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seongnam 463-746, Korea.
| | - Sang Hee Lee
- Research Group of Metabolic Mechanism, Korea Food Research Institute, Seongnam 463-746, Korea.
| | - Young Jin Jang
- Research Group of Metabolic Mechanism, Korea Food Research Institute, Seongnam 463-746, Korea.
| | - Chang Hwa Jung
- Research Group of Metabolic Mechanism, Korea Food Research Institute, Seongnam 463-746, Korea.
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seongnam 463-746, Korea.
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Lee SG, Moon DB, Hwang S, Ahn CS, Kim KH, Song GW, Jung DH, Ha TY, Park GC, Jung BH. Liver transplantation in Korea: past, present, and future. Transplant Proc 2015; 47:705-8. [PMID: 25891715 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2015.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2015] [Accepted: 02/25/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study reviewed the past and present status of liver transplantation (LT) and outlooks for the future of LT in Korea. METHOD The first LT in Korea was successfully performed using a deceased donor graft in 1988. Pediatric and adult living donor liver transplantations (LDLTs) were initiated in 1994 and 1997, respectively. From 1988 to 2013, 10,581 LTs were performed at 40 centers, whereas LDLT accounted for 76.5% of all LTs. RESULTS In the early 1990s, the deceased organ donation rate was less than 1.5 per million population (PMP) per year, but it increased to 5 PMP beginning in 2008. Despite the increasing number of deceased donor liver transplantations (DDLTs), high prevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV)-induced cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has provoked persistent performance of adult LDLT with technical advancement including middle hepatic vein (MHV) reconstruction of right lobe graft and dual graft LDLT with 1 nationwide donor mortality. CONCLUSION The number of LTs in Korea in 2010 was 23.2 PMP (1042 LTs/45 million population), lower than 23.5 PMP of Spain, but higher than 20 PMP of the United States. However, future LT numbers may decrease because of lowering the HBV carrier rate (neonatal HBV universal vaccination began in 1992), new potent anti-HBV agents, and lowest birth rate (1.22 children per family) with a decrease of potential live donors.
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Affiliation(s)
- S G Lee
- Hepato-Biliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
| | - D B Moon
- Hepato-Biliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - S Hwang
- Hepato-Biliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - C S Ahn
- Hepato-Biliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - K H Kim
- Hepato-Biliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - G W Song
- Hepato-Biliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - D H Jung
- Hepato-Biliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - T Y Ha
- Hepato-Biliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - G C Park
- Hepato-Biliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - B H Jung
- Hepato-Biliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Ha TY, Hwang S, Kim KH, Lee YJ, Ahn CS, Moon DB, Song GW, Park KM, Kim N, Lee SG. Expression pattern analysis of hepatocellular carcinoma tumor markers in viral hepatitis B and C patients undergoing liver transplantation and resection. Transplant Proc 2015; 46:888-93. [PMID: 24767373 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2013.12.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2013] [Revised: 11/30/2013] [Accepted: 12/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study was conducted to compare the expression patterns of serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and proteins induced by vitamin K absence or antagonist-II (PIVKA-II) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients undergoing liver transplantation (LT) and resection at a high-volume single institution. METHODS First, 663 liver transplant recipients with HCC were selected. They were divided into hepatitis B virus (HBV) (n = 628) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) groups (n = 35). Their medical records were retrospectively reviewed. Second, another cohort of 2709 patients who underwent HCC resection included 2258 HBV, 143 HCV, and 308 non-HBV non-HCV (NBNC) patients. RESULTS In the transplantation group, pretransplantation AFP level >20 ng/mL was observed in 42.5% of HBV patients and 60% of HCV patients (P = .042). PIVKA-II level >40 mAU/mL was observed in 30.6% of HBV patients and 42.9% of HCV patients (P = .127). In the resection group, a preoperative AFP level >20 ng/mL was observed in 51.7% of HBV patients and 43.3% of HCV patients (P = .052). PIVKA-II level >40 mAU/mL was observed in 59.7% of HBV patients and 56.6% of HCV patients (P = .47). Preoperative AFP level >20 ng/mL and PIVKA-II level >40 mAU/mL were observed in 35.7% and 61% of NBNC patients, respectively. Receiver-operator characteristic curve analyses revealed that the expression pattern of PIVKA-II in patients with elevated AFP level was not predictable and vice versa, regardless of background liver diseases. CONCLUSIONS This study indicates that serum AFP and PIVKA-II may be expressed variably regardless of the types of background liver disease. Further large-volume multicenter studies are needed to evaluate the possibility of the etiology-dependent expression of tumor markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Y Ha
- Department of Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - S Hwang
- Department of Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
| | - K H Kim
- Department of Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Y J Lee
- Department of Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - C S Ahn
- Department of Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - D B Moon
- Department of Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - G W Song
- Department of Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - K M Park
- Department of Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - N Kim
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - S G Lee
- Department of Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Kim JS, Ha TY, Ahn J, Kim S. Analysis and distribution of esculetin in plasma and tissues of rats after oral administration. Prev Nutr Food Sci 2014; 19:321-6. [PMID: 25580397 PMCID: PMC4287325 DOI: 10.3746/pnf.2014.19.4.321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2014] [Accepted: 10/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we developed a method to quantify esculetin (6,7-dihydroxycoumarin) in plasma and tissues using HPLC coupled with ultraviolet detection and measured the level of esculetin in rat plasma after oral administration. The calibration curve for esculetin was linear in the range of 4.8 ng/mL to 476.2 ng/mL, with a correlation coefficient (r2) of 0.996, a limit of detection value of 33.2 ng/mL, and a limit of quantification value of 100.6 ng/mL. Recovery rates for the 95.2 ng/mL and 190.5 ng/mL samples were 95.2% and 100.3%, within-runs and 104.8% and 101.0% between-runs, respectively. The relative standard deviation was less than 7% for both runs. In the pharmacokinetic analysis, the peak plasma esculetin level was reached 5 min after administration (Cmax=173.3 ng/mL; T1/2=45 min; AUC0 ~180 min=5,167.5 ng · min/mL). At 180 min post-administration (i.e., after euthanasia), esculetin was only detectable in the liver (30.87±11.33 ng/g) and the kidney (20.29±7.02 ng/g).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Sun Kim
- Department of Home Economics, College of Natural Sciences, Korea National Open University, Seoul 110-791, Korea
| | - Tae-Youl Ha
- Division of Creative Food Science for Health, Korea Food Research Institute, Gyeonggi 463-746, Korea
| | - Jiyun Ahn
- Division of Creative Food Science for Health, Korea Food Research Institute, Gyeonggi 463-746, Korea
| | - Suna Kim
- Department of Home Economics, College of Natural Sciences, Korea National Open University, Seoul 110-791, Korea
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Jung CH, Ahn J, Heo SH, Ha TY. Eleutheroside E, an active compound from Eleutherococcus senticosus, regulates adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 cells. Food Sci Biotechnol 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10068-014-0119-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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Namgoong JM, Hwang S, Ahn CS, Kim KH, Moon DB, Ha TY, Song GW, Jung DH, Park GC, Park HW, Park CS, Park YH, Kang SH, Jung BH, Lee SG. A pilot study on the safety and efficacy of generic mycophenolate agent as conversion maintenance therapy in stable liver transplant recipients. Transplant Proc 2014; 45:3035-7. [PMID: 24157030 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2013.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The patent covering mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) in Korea has expired and, thus, several generic MMF agents are now commercially available. The supply of Cellcept (Roche Korea) was interrupted at the end of 2011, so it was inevitable that a generic MMF would be used instead. During this period, we performed a prospective pilot study to examine the safety and efficacy of a generic mycophenolate agent (Myconol: Hanmi Pharmaceutical, Seoul Korea) for use as conversion maintenance therapy in stable liver transplantation (OLT) recipients. METHODS OLT recipients, who were treated with MMF on an outpatient basis from January 2012 to March 2012, attended follow-up interviews conducted. The patients had undergone OLT ≥ 2 years before the study, had tolerated Cellcept, and showed stable liver function. Fifty-three patients were followed up for more than 3 months after conversion to the same dose of Myconol. RESULTS After conversion to Myconol, 6 patients (11.3%) experienced new side effects, which disappeared when they reverted to Cellcept (n = 5) or stopped taking Myconol medication (n = 1). The side effects associated with Myconol included gastrointestinal symptoms (indigestion and diarrhea; n = 3), skin eruptions (n = 1), pruritus (n = 1), and insomnia (n = 1). The mean mycophenolic acid levels were 1.71 ± 0.88 μg/mL for Cellcept and 1.83 ± 0.91 μg/mL for Myconol, which showed a strong correlation (r(2) = 0.92, P < .001). CONCLUSIONS Myconol showed similar pharmacokinetics to those of Celcept, but a small proportion of patients experienced agent-specific side effects; therefore, patients should be closely monitored when taking Myconol. Also, further studies, with a greater number of patients, are required to identify the full spectrum of drug-associated side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Namgoong
- Division of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Moon DB, Lee SG, Hwang S, Kim KH, Ahn CS, Ha TY, Song GW, Jung DH, Park GC, Namkoong JM, Park HW, Park YH, Park CS. Toward more than 400 liver transplantations a year at a single center. Transplant Proc 2014; 45:1937-41. [PMID: 23769078 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2012.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2012] [Accepted: 12/04/2012] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND For the first time at Asan Medical Center (AMC) we performed more than 400 liver transplantations (LTs) per year in 2011, despite same number of living donor liver transplantations (LDLTs). METHODS Our OLT program was started in 1992, but not activated well due to the scarcity of deceased donor organs. Since adult LDLTs using a left lobe and then a right lobe were successfully performed in 1997, we have developed several innovative techniques and approaches for adult LDLT, for example, modified right-lobe graft reconstructing middle hepatic branches in 1998, dual graft LDLT using 2 left lobes in 2000; new criteria for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC); as well as ABO-incompatible LDLT, the first in the world. As a result, the number of LDLTs has increased rapidly but reached a plateau recently. Nationwide efforts to promote deceased donation increased the number of deceased donor liver transplantation (DDLT). RESULTS We have performed 317 LDLTs per year in 2010 and 2011, respectively. The number of LTs reached 403 in 2011. This large number was possible due to a remarkable increase of DDLTs from 50 in 2010 to 86 in 2011. Seventy-nine patients (68.1%) among 116 patients (28.8%) required an urgent LT receiving a DDLT. LT for HCC or ABO-mismatch comprised 50.3% (n = 150) or 8.7% (n = 35), respectively. In-hospital mortality rate in 2011 was 4.7%. CONCLUSIONS The increased LTs number at AMC was aided by the nationwide campaign.
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Affiliation(s)
- D B Moon
- Division of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Ro SH, Jung CH, Hahn WS, Xu X, Kim YM, Yun YS, Park JM, Kim KH, Seo M, Ha TY, Arriaga EA, Bernlohr DA, Kim DH. Distinct functions of Ulk1 and Ulk2 in the regulation of lipid metabolism in adipocytes. Autophagy 2013; 9:2103-14. [PMID: 24135897 DOI: 10.4161/auto.26563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
ULK1 (unc-51 like kinase 1) is a serine/threonine protein kinase that plays a key role in regulating the induction of autophagy. Recent studies using autophagy-defective mouse models, such as atg5- or atg7-deficient mice, revealed an important function of autophagy in adipocyte differentiation. Suppression of adipogenesis in autophagy-defective conditions has made it difficult to study the roles of autophagy in metabolism of differentiated adipocytes. In this study, we established autophagy defective-differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes, and investigated the roles of Ulk1 and its close homolog Ulk2 in lipid and glucose metabolism using the established adipocytes. Through knockdown approaches, we determined that Ulk1 and Ulk2 are important for basal and MTORC1 inhibition-induced autophagy, basal lipolysis, and mitochondrial respiration. However, unlike other autophagy genes (Atg5, Atg13, Rb1cc1/Fip200, and Becn1) Ulk1 was dispensable for adipogenesis without affecting the expression of CCAAT/enhancer binding protein ? (CEBPA) and peroxisome proliferation-activated receptor gamma (PPARG). Ulk1 knockdown reduced fatty acid oxidation and enhanced fatty acid uptake, the metabolic changes that could contribute to adipogenesis, whereas Ulk2 knockdown had opposing effects. We also found that the expression levels of insulin receptor (INSR), insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS1), and glucose transporter 4 (SLC2A4/GLUT4) were increased in Ulk1-silenced adipocytes, which was accompanied by upregulation of insulin-stimulated glucose uptake. These results suggest that ULK1, albeit its important autophagic role, regulates lipid metabolism and glucose uptake in adipocytes distinctly from other autophagy proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Hyun Ro
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics; University of Minnesota; Minneapolis, MN USA
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Jung CH, Kim H, Ahn J, Jeon TI, Lee DH, Ha TY. Fisetin regulates obesity by targeting mTORC1 signaling. J Nutr Biochem 2013; 24:1547-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2013.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2012] [Revised: 01/03/2013] [Accepted: 01/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Son SH, Lee HJ, Park K, Ha TY, Seo JS. Nutritional Evaluation and Its Relation to the Risk of Metabolic Syndrome according to the Consumption of Cooked Rice and Cooked Rice with Multi-grains in Korean Adults: Based on 2007-2008 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.5720/kjcn.2013.18.1.77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Soo-Hyun Son
- Department of Food & Nutrition, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Korea
| | - Hwa-Jung Lee
- Department of Statistics, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Korea
| | - Kyong Park
- Department of Food & Nutrition, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Korea
| | - Tae-Youl Ha
- Korea Food Research Institute, Gyeonggi, Korea
| | - Jung-Sook Seo
- Department of Food & Nutrition, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Korea
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Hwang S, Ahn CS, Kim KH, Moon DB, Ha TY, Song GW, Jung DH, Park GC, Namgoong JM, Yoon SY, Jung SW, Lee SG. Standardization of modified right lobe grafts to minimize vascular outflow complications for adult living donor liver transplantation. Transplant Proc 2012; 44:457-9. [PMID: 22410043 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2012.01.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND After >2000 adult living donor liver transplants (LDLTs), we observed minimization of the complication rate using case-by-case modification of venous outflow reconstruction in right liver graft (RLG), standardization seeking intend to provide a hemodynamic- based, regeneration-compliant hepatic outflow reconstruction. METHODS We retrospectively examined 100 consecutive adult LDLT using modified RLG before and after application of RLG standardization to compare the 6-month incidences of vascular outflow complications. RESULT The right hepatic vein stenting rate for first 6 months was 5% in the customized group and 1% in the standardized group (P=.212). The middle hepatic vein stenting rate for first 6 months was 9% in the customized group and 4% in the standardized group (P=.373). The inferior right hepatic vein stenting rate for first 6 months was 12.8% in the customized group and 7.1% in the standardized group (P=.472). The overall 6-month patient survival rate was 94% in the customized group and 95% in the standardized group (P=.867). The overall incidence of significant RLG venous outflow complications was 19% in the customized group and 8% in the standardized group (P=.023). CONCLUSION Standardization as a universal graft model seemed to be more effective and feasible than conventional graft customization requiring individualized case-by-case modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Hwang
- Division of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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Park HW, Hwang S, Ahn CS, Kim KH, Moon DB, Ha TY, Song GW, Jung DH, Park GC, Namgoong JM, Yoon SY, Park CS, Park YH, Lee HJ, Lee SG. De novo malignancies after liver transplantation: incidence comparison with the Korean cancer registry. Transplant Proc 2012; 44:802-5. [PMID: 22483500 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2012.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE De novo malignancy is not uncommon after liver transplantation (OLT). We have compared the incidence of novo malignancy following OLT with those among the general Korean population. METHODS Between January 1998 and December 2008, 1952 adult OLT were performed, including 1714 living donor and 238 deceased donor grafts whose medical records were retrospectively reviewed. RESULTS Among the 1952 patients, 44 (2.3%) showed de novo malignancies after a mean posttransplant period of 41 months. Among the 14 types of malignancy the most frequent was stomach cancer (n = 11; 25.0%), colorectal cancer (n = 9; 20.5%), breast cancer (n = 4; 9.1%), and thyroid cancer (n = 3; 6.8%). These patients underwent aggressive treatment, including surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy, except for one patient with an aggressive primary liver cancer. Over a mean follow-up of 45 months after diagnosis of de novo malignancy, 13 patients (29.5%) died; the overall 3-year patient survival rate was 67.5%. The relative risk of malignancy following OLT was 7.7-fold higher in men and 7.3-fold higher in women than the Korean general population. CONCLUSIONS OLT recipients must be checked periodically for de novo malignancy throughout their lives, especially for cancers common in the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- H W Park
- Division of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Choi WH, Ahn JY, Jung CH, Jeon TI, Kim HK, Ha TY. Cooked rice as dietary carbohydrate has anti‐obesity effect through down‐regulating lipogenic gene expression in high fat diet fed mice. FASEB J 2012. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.26.1_supplement.lb434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Won-Hee Choi
- Korea Food Research InstituteSeongnamKorea, Republic of
| | - Ji-Yun Ahn
- Korea Food Research InstituteSeongnamKorea, Republic of
| | | | - Tae-Il Jeon
- Korea Food Research InstituteSeongnamKorea, Republic of
| | - Hyun-Ku Kim
- Korea Food Research InstituteSeongnamKorea, Republic of
| | - Tae-Youl Ha
- Korea Food Research InstituteSeongnamKorea, Republic of
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Jung CH, Cho I, Ahn J, Jeon TI, Ha TY. Quercetin reduces high-fat diet-induced fat accumulation in the liver by regulating lipid metabolism genes. Phytother Res 2012; 27:139-43. [PMID: 22447684 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.4687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2011] [Revised: 03/05/2012] [Accepted: 03/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
To understand the molecular mechanisms underlying the influence of quercetin on the physiological effects of hyperlipidemia, we investigated its role in the prevention of high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity and found that it regulated hepatic gene expression related to lipid metabolism. Quercetin supplementation in mice significantly reduced the HFD-induced gains in body weight, liver weight, and white adipose tissue weight compared with the mice fed only with HFD. It also significantly reduced HFD-induced increases in serum lipids, including cholesterol, triglyceride, and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substance (TBARS). Consistent with the reduced liver weight and white adipose tissue weight, hepatic lipid accumulation and the size of lipid droplets in the epididymal fat pads were also reduced by quercetin supplementation. To further investigate how quercetin may reduce obesity, we analyzed lipid metabolism-related genes in the liver. Quercetin supplementation altered expression profiles of several lipid metabolism-related genes, including Fnta, Pon1, Pparg, Aldh1b1, Apoa4, Abcg5, Gpam, Acaca, Cd36, Fdft1, and Fasn, relative to those in HFD control mice. The expression patterns of these genes observed by quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction were confirmed by immunoblot assays. Collectively, our results indicate that quercetin prevents HFD-induced obesity in C57B1/6 mice, and its anti-obesity effects may be related to the regulation of lipogenesis at the level of transcription.
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Shin SK, Ha TY, McGregor RA, Choi MS. Long-term curcumin administration protects against atherosclerosis via hepatic regulation of lipoprotein cholesterol metabolism. Mol Nutr Food Res 2011; 55:1829-40. [PMID: 22058071 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201100440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2011] [Revised: 08/22/2011] [Accepted: 09/07/2011] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE Atherosclerosis is a major cause of cardiovascular disease caused by high cholesterol. Stains are widely prescribed to lower cholesterol levels, but natural dietary compounds may also be effective. Therefore, we studied the effect of the natural dietary compound curcumin on atherosclerosis and its underlying mechanisms based on plasma and hepatic lipid metabolism. METHODS AND RESULTS LDLR(-/-) mice were fed a high-cholesterol diet and treated with curcumin, lovastatin or control (n=10 per group) for 18 wk. Aortic arch sections revealed curcumin ameliorated early atherosclerotic lesions, lipid infiltration, ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 localization, similar to lovastatin treatment. Furthermore, curcumin lowered plasma cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL cholesterol and Apo B levels as well as CETP activity, while curcumin increased plasma HDL cholesterol and liver Apo A-I expression, similar to lovastatin treatment. Curcumin caused transcriptional inhibition of HMG-CoA reductase, independent of ACAT1 and ACAT2 expression. Hepatic PPARα and LXRα expression was upregulated by curcumin treatment. Hepatic complement factor D (Cfd) and systemic CRP levels, markers of immune complement pathway activation, were significantly reduced by curcumin treatment. CONCLUSION Long-term curcumin treatment lowers plasma and hepatic cholesterol and suppresses early atherosclerotic lesions comparable to the protective effects of lovastatin. The anti-atherogenic effect of curcumin is mediated via multiple mechanisms including altered lipid, cholesterol and immune gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Kyung Shin
- Center for Food and Nutritional Genomics Research, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
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Kim JS, Ahn JY, Ha TY, Rhee HC, Kim SA. Comparison of Phytochemical and Antioxidant Activities in Different Color Stages and Varieties of Paprika Harvested in Korea. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.9721/kjfst.2011.43.5.564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwang-Hyun Hwang
- Functional Food Technology Research Group, Korea Food Research Institute, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Ji-Yun Ahn
- Functional Food Technology Research Group, Korea Food Research Institute, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Suna Kim
- Functional Food Technology Research Group, Korea Food Research Institute, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Jae-Ho Park
- Functional Food Technology Research Group, Korea Food Research Institute, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Tae-Youl Ha
- Functional Food Technology Research Group, Korea Food Research Institute, Seongnam, Korea
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Beattie JH, Nicol F, Gordon MJ, Reid MD, Cantlay L, Horgan GW, Kwun IS, Ahn JY, Ha TY. Ginger phytochemicals mitigate the obesogenic effects of a high-fat diet in mice: a proteomic and biomarker network analysis. Mol Nutr Food Res 2011; 55 Suppl 2:S203-13. [PMID: 21954187 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201100193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2011] [Revised: 06/29/2011] [Accepted: 07/04/2011] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE Natural dietary anti-obesogenic phytochemicals may help combat the rising global incidence of obesity. We aimed to identify key hepatic pathways targeted by anti-obsogenic ginger phytochemicals fed to mice. METHODS AND RESULTS Weaning mice were fed a high-fat diet containing 6-gingerol (HFG), zerumbone (HFZ), a characterized rhizome extract of the ginger-related plant Alpinia officinarum Hance (high fat goryankang, HFGK) or no phytochemicals (high-fat control, HFC) for 6 wks and were compared with mice on a low-fat control diet (LFC). Increased adiposity in the HFC group, compared with the LFC group, was significantly (p<0.05) reduced in the HFG and HFGK groups without food intake being affected. Correlation network analysis, including a novel residuals analysis, was utilized to investigate relationships between liver proteomic data, lipid and cholesterol biomarkers and physiological indicators of adiposity. 6-Gingerol significantly increased plasma cholesterol but hepatic farnesyl diphosphate synthetase, which is involved in cholesterol biosynthesis was decreased, possibly by negative feedback. Acetyl-coenzyme A acyltransferase 1 and enoyl CoA hydratase, which participate in the β-oxidation of fatty acids were significantly (p<0.05) increased by consumption of phytochemical-supplemented diets. CONCLUSION Dietary ginger phytochemicals target cholesterol metabolism and fatty acid oxidation in mice, with anti-obesogenic but also hypercholesterolemic consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- John H Beattie
- Division of Lifelong Health, Rowett Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Aberdeen, Bucksburn, Aberdeen, Scotland, UK.
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Abstract
Estrogenic activities of ethanol extract and its active components from Psoralea corylifolia L. were studied using various in vitro assays. The main components from ethanol extract were analyzed to be bakuchiol, psoralen, isobavachalcone, isobavachromene, and bavachinin. In a fractionation procedure, hexane and chloroform fractions showed estrogenic activity in yeast transactivation assay and E-screen assay. In yeast transactivation assay, ethanol extract, hexane, and chloroform fractions showed significantly higher activities at a concentration of 1.0 ng/ml, and bakuchiol at the concentration of 10(-6) M was showed the highest activity, especially, which was higher than genistein at the same concentration. In E-screen assay, cell proliferation of bakuchiol (10(-6) M) showed similar estrogenic activity with genistein (10(-6) M). In ER binding assay, bakuchiol displayed the strongest ER-binding affinity (IC(50) for ERα=1.01×10(-6) M, IC(50) for ERβ=1.20×10(-6) M) and bakuchiol showed five times higher affinity for ERα than for ERβ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun-Hye Lim
- Food Function Research Group, Korea Food Research Institute, Seongnam-Si, Republic of Korea
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Hwang S, Kim KH, Song GW, Yu YD, Park GC, Kim KW, Choi NK, Park PJ, Choi YI, Jung DH, Ahn CS, Moon DB, Ha TY, Lee SG. Peritransplant monitoring of immune cell function in adult living donor liver transplantation. Transplant Proc 2011; 42:2567-71. [PMID: 20832545 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2010.04.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2009] [Accepted: 04/21/2010] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE We evaluated the clinical utility of peritransplant in vitro assays of immune cell function in adult living donor liver transplant (LDLT) recipients. METHODS In particular, we measured immune cell function, using the ImmuKnow assay, in 107 adult LDLT recipients and 200 potential living liver donors (control group) admitted to our center between July 2008 and January 2009. RESULTS In the control group, the mean proportion of T-helper/inducer cells was 36.8% ± 8.2%. The degree of immune response was strong in 12%, moderate in 77%, and low in 11%. In the study group, the degree of immune response within the first month was strong in 4.6%, moderate in 38.2%, and low in 57.2%, thus significantly lower than in the control group (P < .001). ImmuKnow results and tacrolimus levels did not show a significant correlation (r(2) = .002, P = .392). Although six patients showed biopsy-proven acute cellular rejection, none showed a strong immune response. Patients with overt infection showed a lower immune response. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that peritransplant assessment of immune response using the ImmuKnow assay does not reliably predict the occurrence of acute rejection. Additional studies are necessary to accurately assess the clinical utility of immune response monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Hwang
- Department of Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Kim JS, Ahn J, Lee SJ, Moon B, Ha TY, Kim S. Phytochemicals and Antioxidant Activity of Fruits and Leaves of Paprika (Capsicum Annuum L., var. Special) Cultivated in Korea. J Food Sci 2011; 76:C193-8. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2010.01891.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Choi WH, Ahn JY, Kim SA, Kim TW, Ha TY. Eisenia bicyclis Inhibits Body Weight Gain and Fat Accumulation Induced by High-Fat Diets in Mice. Prev Nutr Food Sci 2010. [DOI: 10.3746/jfn.2010.15.4.262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Cho YE, Alcantara E, Kumaran S, Son KH, Sohn HY, Lee JH, Choi CS, Ha TY, Kwun IS. Red yeast rice stimulates osteoblast proliferation and increases alkaline phosphatase activity in MC3T3-E1 cells. Nutr Res 2010; 30:501-10. [PMID: 20797483 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2010.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2010] [Revised: 06/05/2010] [Accepted: 06/17/2010] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Red yeast (Monascus purpureus) is used as a traditional hypocholesterolemic dietary food component in Asia due to its bioactive component, lovastatin. Recently, new evidence suggesting that the statins in red yeast enhance bone formation has been reported, but more research is still needed in order to support these claims of osteogenic effects. Therefore, in this study, we hypothesized that red yeast rice (in which red yeast is fermented) can improve osteogenic function through osteoblast cell proliferation and differentiation. We studied the effect of methanol extract of red yeast rice powder (RYRP) on osteoblast proliferation and differentiation by measuring mitochondrial enzyme activity and bone marker alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, respectively. Osteoblast-like MC3T3-E1 cells were cultured in various concentrations of RYRP methanol extract (0.001-1 mg/mL) during the osteoblast differentiation period (1, 5, 10, and 15 days). As measured by 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-y]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay, RYRP extracts stimulated cell proliferation during a 24-hour period, compared to cooked white rice powder extract. The most pronounced effect was observed at the concentration range between 0.075 and 0.1 mg/mL. This RYRP stimulatory effect for cell proliferation was observed during the whole osteogenic period. Cellular (synthesized) ALP activity was increased at a RYRP extract concentration of 0.075 mg/mL during 15 days of culture, but the medium (secreted) ALP activity did not show any significant change. This cellular ALP activity stimulation by RYRP extract was confirmed by the staining of ALP activity on cell matrix layers for matrix calcification. The results imply that RYRP extract may increase osteogenic effect by stimulating cell proliferation and ALP activity in osteoblastic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Eun Cho
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Andong National University, Andong, Kyungbook, Republic of Korea
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Choi SY, Lee S, Choi WH, Lee Y, Jo YO, Ha TY. Isolation and Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Bakuchiol from Ulmus davidiana var. japonica. J Med Food 2010; 13:1019-23. [DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2009.1207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sang Yoon Choi
- Korea Food Research Institute, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Sanghyun Lee
- Department of Applied Plant Science, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Hee Choi
- Korea Food Research Institute, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeonmi Lee
- Korea Food Research Institute, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Youn Ock Jo
- Korea Food Research Institute, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Youl Ha
- Korea Food Research Institute, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
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Moon MK, Ahn JY, Kim S, Ryu SY, Kim YS, Ha TY. Ethanol Extract and Saponin of Platycodon grandiflorum Ameliorate Scopolamine-Induced Amnesia in Mice. J Med Food 2010; 13:584-8. [DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2009.1310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mi-Kyeong Moon
- Functional Food Technology Research Group, Korea Food Research Institute, Sungnam-Si, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Yun Ahn
- Functional Food Technology Research Group, Korea Food Research Institute, Sungnam-Si, Republic of Korea
| | - Suna Kim
- Functional Food Technology Research Group, Korea Food Research Institute, Sungnam-Si, Republic of Korea
| | - Shi-Yong Ryu
- Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Sub Kim
- Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Youl Ha
- Functional Food Technology Research Group, Korea Food Research Institute, Sungnam-Si, Republic of Korea
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