1
|
Angelini G, Russo S, Mingrone G. Intestinal heat shock proteins in metabolic syndrome: Novel mediators of obesity and its comorbidities resolution after metabolic surgery. Cell Stress Chaperones 2024; 29:217-226. [PMID: 38412940 PMCID: PMC10939036 DOI: 10.1016/j.cstres.2024.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Over the past 40 years, the prevalence of obesity has risen dramatically, reaching epidemic proportions. Metabolic surgery has proven to be highly effective in treating obesity, leading to significant improvements or complete resolution of obesity-related comorbidities. Research conducted in both animals and humans suggests that the metabolic benefits achieved through metabolic surgery cannot be solely attributed to weight loss. Indeed, there has been an increasing recognition of intestinal inflammation as a novel factor influencing obesity. The gastrointestinal tract is continuously exposed to dietary components, particularly diets rich in saturated fats, which are known to contribute to obesity. It is now widely accepted that heat shock proteins can be released from various cells including intestinal epithelial cells and act as proinflammatory signals. Several studies have shown that circulating levels of glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) are increased in subjects with obesity and correlate with the severity of the disease. Moreover, mice with a partial knockout of GRP78 are protected from diet-induced obesity. In this review, we discuss the role of GRP78 in the development of obesity. Several evidence suggests that GRP78 can influence adipogenesis, lipid droplets stabilization, insulin resistance, and liver steatosis. We also provide an update on GRP78 regulation following metabolic surgery, focusing on the bypass of the small intestine as a key factor for GRP78 secretion. Finally, we discuss the potential role of monoclonal antibodies against GRP78 as a treatment for obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Angelini
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.
| | - Sara Russo
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Geltrude Mingrone
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Division of Diabetes & Nutritional Sciences, School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine & Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Schroeder HT, De Lemos Muller CH, Heck TG, Krause M, Homem de Bittencourt PI. Heat shock response during the resolution of inflammation and its progressive suppression in chronic-degenerative inflammatory diseases. Cell Stress Chaperones 2024; 29:116-142. [PMID: 38244765 PMCID: PMC10939074 DOI: 10.1016/j.cstres.2024.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The heat shock response (HSR) is a crucial biochemical pathway that orchestrates the resolution of inflammation, primarily under proteotoxic stress conditions. This process hinges on the upregulation of heat shock proteins (HSPs) and other chaperones, notably the 70 kDa family of heat shock proteins, under the command of the heat shock transcription factor-1. However, in the context of chronic degenerative disorders characterized by persistent low-grade inflammation (such as insulin resistance, obesity, type 2 diabetes, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and cardiovascular diseases) a gradual suppression of the HSR does occur. This work delves into the mechanisms behind this phenomenon. It explores how the Western diet and sedentary lifestyle, culminating in the endoplasmic reticulum stress within adipose tissue cells, trigger a cascade of events. This cascade includes the unfolded protein response and activation of the NOD-like receptor pyrin domain-containing protein-3 inflammasome, leading to the emergence of the senescence-associated secretory phenotype and the propagation of inflammation throughout the body. Notably, the activation of the NOD-like receptor pyrin domain-containing protein-3 inflammasome not only fuels inflammation but also sabotages the HSR by degrading human antigen R, a crucial mRNA-binding protein responsible for maintaining heat shock transcription factor-1 mRNA expression and stability on heat shock gene promoters. This paper underscores the imperative need to comprehend how chronic inflammation stifles the HSR and the clinical significance of evaluating the HSR using cost-effective and accessible tools. Such understanding is pivotal in the development of innovative strategies aimed at the prevention and treatment of these chronic inflammatory ailments, which continue to take a heavy toll on global health and well-being.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Helena Trevisan Schroeder
- Laboratory of Cellular Physiology (FisCel), Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences (ICBS), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Carlos Henrique De Lemos Muller
- Laboratory of Inflammation, Metabolism and Exercise Research (LAPIMEX), Department of Physiology, ICBS, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Thiago Gomes Heck
- Post Graduate Program in Integral Health Care (PPGAIS-UNIJUÍ/UNICRUZ/URI), Regional University of Northwestern Rio Grande Do Sul State (UNIJUI) and Post Graduate Program in Mathematical and Computational Modeling (PPGMMC), UNIJUI, Ijuí, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Mauricio Krause
- Laboratory of Inflammation, Metabolism and Exercise Research (LAPIMEX), Department of Physiology, ICBS, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Paulo Ivo Homem de Bittencourt
- Laboratory of Cellular Physiology (FisCel), Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences (ICBS), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Schroeder HT, De Lemos Muller CH, Heck TG, Krause M, Homem de Bittencourt PI. Resolution of inflammation in chronic disease via restoration of the heat shock response (HSR). Cell Stress Chaperones 2024; 29:66-87. [PMID: 38309688 PMCID: PMC10939035 DOI: 10.1016/j.cstres.2024.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Effective resolution of inflammation via the heat shock response (HSR) is pivotal in averting the transition to chronic inflammatory states. This transition characterizes a spectrum of debilitating conditions, including insulin resistance, obesity, type 2 diabetes, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and cardiovascular ailments. This manuscript explores a range of physiological, pharmacological, and nutraceutical interventions aimed at reinstating the HSR in the context of chronic low-grade inflammation, as well as protocols to assess the HSR. Monitoring the progression or suppression of the HSR in patients and laboratory animals offers predictive insights into the organism's capacity to combat chronic inflammation, as well as the impact of exercise and hyperthermic treatments (e.g., sauna or hot tub baths) on the HSR. Interestingly, a reciprocal correlation exists between the expression of HSR components in peripheral blood leukocytes (PBL) and the extent of local tissue proinflammatory activity in individuals afflicted by chronic inflammatory disorders. Therefore, the Heck index, contrasting extracellular 70 kDa family of heat shock proteins (HSP70) (proinflammatory) and intracellular HSP70 (anti-inflammatory) in PBL, serves as a valuable metric for HSR assessment. Our laboratory has also developed straightforward protocols for evaluating HSR by subjecting whole blood samples from both rodents and human volunteers to ex vivo heat challenges. Collectively, this discussion underscores the critical role of HSR disruption in the pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory states and emphasizes the significance of simple, cost-effective tools for clinical HSR assessment. This understanding is instrumental in the development of innovative strategies for preventing and managing chronic inflammatory diseases, which continue to exert a substantial global burden on morbidity and mortality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Helena Trevisan Schroeder
- Laboratory of Cellular Physiology (FisCel), Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences (ICBS), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Carlos Henrique De Lemos Muller
- Laboratory of Inflammation, Metabolism and Exercise Research (LAPIMEX), Department of Physiology, ICBS, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Thiago Gomes Heck
- Post Graduate Program in Integral Health Care (PPGAIS-UNIJUÍ/UNICRUZ/URI), Regional University of Northwestern Rio Grande Do Sul State (UNIJUI) and Post Graduate Program in Mathematical and Computational Modeling (PPGMMC), UNIJUI, Ijuí, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Mauricio Krause
- Laboratory of Inflammation, Metabolism and Exercise Research (LAPIMEX), Department of Physiology, ICBS, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Paulo Ivo Homem de Bittencourt
- Laboratory of Cellular Physiology (FisCel), Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences (ICBS), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Seibert P, Anklam CFV, Costa-Beber LC, Sulzbacher LM, Sulzbacher MM, Sangiovo AMB, dos Santos FK, Goettems-Fiorin PB, Heck TG, Frizzo MN, Ludwig MS. Increased eHSP70-to-iHSP70 ratio in prediabetic and diabetic postmenopausal women: a biomarker of cardiometabolic risk. Cell Stress Chaperones 2022; 27:523-534. [PMID: 35767179 PMCID: PMC9485348 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-022-01288-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Decreased estrogen levels in menopause are associated with anthropometric, metabolic, and inflammatory impairments, predisposing women to cardiometabolic risk factors such as diabetes. Menopause and type two diabetes (DM2) are marked by altered heat shock response (HSR), shown by decreased expression of the 70-kDa heat shock protein in the intracellular milieu (iHSP70). While iHSP70 plays an anti-inflammatory role, extracellular HSP70 (eHSP70) may mediate pro-inflammatory pathways and has been associated with insulin resistance in DM2. Considering the roles of these proteins according to localization, the eHSP70-to-iHSP70 ratio (H-index) has been proposed as a biomarker for HSR. We, therefore, evaluated whether this biomarker is associated with glycemic and inflammatory status in postmenopausal women. In this transversal study, 36 postmenopausal women were grouped according to fasting glycemia status as either the control group (normoglycemic, ≤ 99 mg/dL) or DM2 (prediabetic and diabetic, glycemia ≥ 100 mg/dL). DM2 group showed higher triglyceride/glucose (TyG) index and plasma atherogenic index (PAI), both of which are indicators of cardiometabolic risk. In addition, we found that the eHSP70-to-iHSP70 ratio (plasma/peripheral blood mononuclear cells-PBMC ratio) was higher in the DM2 group, compared with the control group. Furthermore, blood leukocyte and glycemia levels were positively correlated with the eHSP70-to-iHSP70 ratio in women that presented H-index values above 1.0 (a.u.). Taken together, our results highlight the eHSP70-to-iHSP70 ratio as a biomarker of altered HSR in DM2 postmenopausal women.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Priscila Seibert
- Research Group in Physiology, Regional University of Northwestern Rio Grande Do Sul State (UNIJUI), Ijuí, RS Brazil
- Research Group in Physiology, Post Graduate Program in Integral Attention to Health, Regional University of Northwestern Rio Grande Do Sul State (UNIJUI), RS, Rua do Comércio, 3000 – Bairro Universitário, Ijuí, 98700-000 Brazil
| | - Carolain Felipin Vincensi Anklam
- Research Group in Physiology, Regional University of Northwestern Rio Grande Do Sul State (UNIJUI), Ijuí, RS Brazil
- Research Group in Physiology, Post Graduate Program in Integral Attention to Health, Regional University of Northwestern Rio Grande Do Sul State (UNIJUI), RS, Rua do Comércio, 3000 – Bairro Universitário, Ijuí, 98700-000 Brazil
| | - Lílian Corrêa Costa-Beber
- Research Group in Physiology, Regional University of Northwestern Rio Grande Do Sul State (UNIJUI), Ijuí, RS Brazil
- Research Group in Physiology, Post Graduate Program in Integral Attention to Health, Regional University of Northwestern Rio Grande Do Sul State (UNIJUI), RS, Rua do Comércio, 3000 – Bairro Universitário, Ijuí, 98700-000 Brazil
| | - Lucas Machado Sulzbacher
- Research Group in Physiology, Regional University of Northwestern Rio Grande Do Sul State (UNIJUI), Ijuí, RS Brazil
- Research Group in Physiology, Post Graduate Program in Integral Attention to Health, Regional University of Northwestern Rio Grande Do Sul State (UNIJUI), RS, Rua do Comércio, 3000 – Bairro Universitário, Ijuí, 98700-000 Brazil
| | - Maicon Machado Sulzbacher
- Research Group in Physiology, Regional University of Northwestern Rio Grande Do Sul State (UNIJUI), Ijuí, RS Brazil
- Research Group in Physiology, Post Graduate Program in Integral Attention to Health, Regional University of Northwestern Rio Grande Do Sul State (UNIJUI), RS, Rua do Comércio, 3000 – Bairro Universitário, Ijuí, 98700-000 Brazil
- Post Graduate Program in Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS Brazil
| | - Angela Maria Blanke Sangiovo
- Research Group in Physiology, Regional University of Northwestern Rio Grande Do Sul State (UNIJUI), Ijuí, RS Brazil
- Research Group in Physiology, Post Graduate Program in Integral Attention to Health, Regional University of Northwestern Rio Grande Do Sul State (UNIJUI), RS, Rua do Comércio, 3000 – Bairro Universitário, Ijuí, 98700-000 Brazil
| | - Fernanda Knopp dos Santos
- Research Group in Physiology, Regional University of Northwestern Rio Grande Do Sul State (UNIJUI), Ijuí, RS Brazil
| | - Pauline Brendler Goettems-Fiorin
- Research Group in Physiology, Regional University of Northwestern Rio Grande Do Sul State (UNIJUI), Ijuí, RS Brazil
- Research Group in Physiology, Post Graduate Program in Integral Attention to Health, Regional University of Northwestern Rio Grande Do Sul State (UNIJUI), RS, Rua do Comércio, 3000 – Bairro Universitário, Ijuí, 98700-000 Brazil
| | - Thiago Gomes Heck
- Research Group in Physiology, Regional University of Northwestern Rio Grande Do Sul State (UNIJUI), Ijuí, RS Brazil
- Research Group in Physiology, Post Graduate Program in Integral Attention to Health, Regional University of Northwestern Rio Grande Do Sul State (UNIJUI), RS, Rua do Comércio, 3000 – Bairro Universitário, Ijuí, 98700-000 Brazil
- Post Graduate Program in Mathematical and Computational Modeling (PPGMMC-UNIJUI), Ijuí, RS Brazil
| | - Matias Nunes Frizzo
- Research Group in Physiology, Regional University of Northwestern Rio Grande Do Sul State (UNIJUI), Ijuí, RS Brazil
- Research Group in Physiology, Post Graduate Program in Integral Attention to Health, Regional University of Northwestern Rio Grande Do Sul State (UNIJUI), RS, Rua do Comércio, 3000 – Bairro Universitário, Ijuí, 98700-000 Brazil
| | - Mirna Stela Ludwig
- Research Group in Physiology, Regional University of Northwestern Rio Grande Do Sul State (UNIJUI), Ijuí, RS Brazil
- Research Group in Physiology, Post Graduate Program in Integral Attention to Health, Regional University of Northwestern Rio Grande Do Sul State (UNIJUI), RS, Rua do Comércio, 3000 – Bairro Universitário, Ijuí, 98700-000 Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Costa-Beber LC, Hirsch GE, Heck TG, Ludwig MS. Chaperone duality: the role of extracellular and intracellular HSP70 as a biomarker of endothelial dysfunction in the development of atherosclerosis. Arch Physiol Biochem 2022; 128:1016-1023. [PMID: 32293198 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2020.1745850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The 70-kDa heat shock proteins (HSP70) may provide relevant information about the endothelial dysfunction in cardiovascular diseases. Located in the intracellular milieu (iHSP70), they are essential chaperones that inhibit nuclear factor kappa B activation, stimulate nitric oxide production and superoxide dismutase activity, and inhibit apoptosis. However, under stressful conditions, HSP70 can be released into the extracellular medium (eHSP70) and act as an inflammatory mediator. Although studies have reported the vasoprotective role of iHSP70, the evidence regarding eHSP70 is contradictory. eHSP70 can activate NFκB and activator protein-1, thus stimulating the release of inflammatory cytokines and production of reactive oxygen species. Due to the antagonistic nature of HSP70 according to its location, the eHSP70/iHSP70 ratio (Heck index) has been proposed as a better marker of inflammatory status; however, more studies are required to confirm this hypothesis. Therefore, this review summarises studies that, together, describe the role of HSP70 in endothelial dysfunction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lílian Corrêa Costa-Beber
- Research Group in Physiology, Postgraduate Program in Integral Attention to Health, Department of Life Sciences, Regional University of Northwestern Rio Grande do Sul State (UNIJUI), Ijuí, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Elisa Hirsch
- Research Group in Physiology, Postgraduate Program in Integral Attention to Health, Department of Life Sciences, Regional University of Northwestern Rio Grande do Sul State (UNIJUI), Ijuí, Brazil
| | - Thiago Gomes Heck
- Research Group in Physiology, Postgraduate Program in Integral Attention to Health, Department of Life Sciences, Regional University of Northwestern Rio Grande do Sul State (UNIJUI), Ijuí, Brazil
| | - Mirna Stela Ludwig
- Research Group in Physiology, Postgraduate Program in Integral Attention to Health, Department of Life Sciences, Regional University of Northwestern Rio Grande do Sul State (UNIJUI), Ijuí, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Kotowska J, Jówko E, Cieśliński I, Gromisz W, Sadowski J. IL-6 and HSPA1A Gene Polymorphisms May Influence the Levels of the Inflammatory and Oxidative Stress Parameters and Their Response to a Chronic Swimming Training. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19138127. [PMID: 35805787 PMCID: PMC9265512 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19138127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to evaluate whether the most common polymorphisms in the IL-6 and HSP70 genes affect the circulating heat shock protein 70 (HSP70), as well as inflammatory and prooxidant-antioxidant parameters in healthy men undergoing chronic endurance training. The subjects were randomly assigned to a 12-week swimming training (ST group) or control group (CON). Fasting blood samples were collected pre- and post-study period to assessment: superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities, serum levels of lipid hydroperoxides (LHs), tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), and HSP70. Subjects were genotyped for IL-6-174G/C, HSPA1A + 190 G/C and HSPA1B + 1538 A/G single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) by real-time PCR. After a 12-week study period, a decrease in TNFα, HSP70, and GPx was observed in the ST group, but not the CON group. IL-6 SNP affected serum TNFα levels (main effect of genotype). Higher TNFα levels (pre- and post-study period) was observed in CC CON than in other IL-6 genotypes of CON and ST groups. However, a post-training decrease in TNFα was observed in both GG and CC IL-6 genotypes of ST group. In turn, only GG IL-6 genotype of the ST group was related to a post-training decrease in HSP70 (main time and genotype interaction). Moreover, pre- and post-training LHs were lower in GG than GC/CC HSPA1A genotypes of the ST group (main genotype effect). In conclusion, polymorphisms within the IL-6 and HSPA1A genes seem to affect baseline levels of some inflammatory parameters and prooxidant-antioxidant status and/or their changes after chronic swimming training. However, the results should be confirmed in a study with a larger sample size, one that includes individuals with sedentary lifestyles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jadwiga Kotowska
- Department of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Physical Education and Health in Biała Podlaska, Józef Piłsudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw, 21-500 Biała Podlaska, Poland;
| | - Ewa Jówko
- Department of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Physical Education and Health in Biała Podlaska, Józef Piłsudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw, 21-500 Biała Podlaska, Poland;
- Correspondence:
| | - Igor Cieśliński
- Department of Sports Sciences, Faculty of Physical Education and Health in Biała Podlaska, Józef Piłsudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw, 21-500 Biała Podlaska, Poland; (I.C.); (W.G.); (J.S.)
| | - Wilhelm Gromisz
- Department of Sports Sciences, Faculty of Physical Education and Health in Biała Podlaska, Józef Piłsudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw, 21-500 Biała Podlaska, Poland; (I.C.); (W.G.); (J.S.)
| | - Jerzy Sadowski
- Department of Sports Sciences, Faculty of Physical Education and Health in Biała Podlaska, Józef Piłsudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw, 21-500 Biała Podlaska, Poland; (I.C.); (W.G.); (J.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Hirsch GE, Heck TG. Inflammation, oxidative stress and altered heat shock response in type 2 diabetes: the basis for new pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions. Arch Physiol Biochem 2022; 128:411-425. [PMID: 31746233 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2019.1687522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) is a chronic disease characterised by variable degrees of insulin resistance and impaired insulin secretion. Besides, several pieces of evidence have shown that chronic inflammation, oxidative stress, and 70 kDa heat shock proteins (HSP70) are strongly involved in DM2 and its complications, and various pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment alternatives act in these processes/molecules to modulate them and ameliorate the disease. Besides, uncontrolled hyperglycaemia is related to several complications as diabetic retinopathy, neuropathy and hepatic, renal and cardiac complications. In this review, we address discuss the involvement of different inflammatory and pro-oxidant pathways related to DM2, and we described molecular targets modulated by therapeutics currently available to treat DM2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Elisa Hirsch
- Research Group in Physiology, Department of Life Sciences, Regional University of Northwestern Rio Grande do Sul State (UNIJUÍ), Rua do Comércio, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Integral Attention to Health (PPGAIS-UNIJUÍ/UNICRUZ), Regional University of Northwestern region of the state of Rio Grande do Sul (UNIJUÍ), Rua do Comércio, Brazil
| | - Thiago Gomes Heck
- Research Group in Physiology, Department of Life Sciences, Regional University of Northwestern Rio Grande do Sul State (UNIJUÍ), Rua do Comércio, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Integral Attention to Health (PPGAIS-UNIJUÍ/UNICRUZ), Regional University of Northwestern region of the state of Rio Grande do Sul (UNIJUÍ), Rua do Comércio, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Costa-Beber LC, Heck TG, Fiorin PBG, Ludwig MS. HSP70 as a biomarker of the thin threshold between benefit and injury due to physical exercise when exposed to air pollution. Cell Stress Chaperones 2021; 26:889-915. [PMID: 34677749 PMCID: PMC8578518 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-021-01241-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Physical exercise has acute and chronic effects on inflammatory balance, metabolic regulation, and redox status. Exercise-induced adaptations are mediated by enhanced 70-kDa heat shock protein (HSP70) levels and an improved heat shock response (HSR). Therefore, exercise could be useful against disease conditions [obesity, diabetes mellitus (DM), and exposure to atmospheric pollutants] marked by an impaired HSR. However, exercise performed by obese or diabetic subjects under pollution conditions might also be dangerous at certain intensities. Intensity correlates with an increase in HSP70 levels during physical exercise until a critical point at which the effort becomes harmful and impairs the HSR. Establishing a unique biomarker able to indicate the exercise intensity on metabolism and cellular fatigue is essential to ensure adequate and safe exercise recommendations for individuals with obesity or DM who require exercise to improve their metabolic status and live in polluted regions. In this review, we examined the available evidence supporting our hypothesis that HSP70 could serve as a biomarker for determining the optimal exercise intensity for subjects with obesity or diabetes when exposed to air pollution and establishing the fine threshold between anti-inflammatory and pro-inflammatory exercise effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lílian Corrêa Costa-Beber
- Research Group in Physiology, Postgraduate Program in Integral Attention to Health, Department of Life Sciences, Regional University of Northwestern State's Rio Grande do Sul (UNIJUI), Rua do Comercio, 3000 - Bairro Universitario -, Ijuí, RS, 98700-000, Brazil.
- Postgraduation Program in Integral Attention to Health (PPGAIS-UNIJUI/UNICRUZ), Ijuí, RS, Brazil.
| | - Thiago Gomes Heck
- Research Group in Physiology, Postgraduate Program in Integral Attention to Health, Department of Life Sciences, Regional University of Northwestern State's Rio Grande do Sul (UNIJUI), Rua do Comercio, 3000 - Bairro Universitario -, Ijuí, RS, 98700-000, Brazil
- Postgraduation Program in Integral Attention to Health (PPGAIS-UNIJUI/UNICRUZ), Ijuí, RS, Brazil
| | - Pauline Brendler Goettems Fiorin
- Research Group in Physiology, Postgraduate Program in Integral Attention to Health, Department of Life Sciences, Regional University of Northwestern State's Rio Grande do Sul (UNIJUI), Rua do Comercio, 3000 - Bairro Universitario -, Ijuí, RS, 98700-000, Brazil
| | - Mirna Stela Ludwig
- Research Group in Physiology, Postgraduate Program in Integral Attention to Health, Department of Life Sciences, Regional University of Northwestern State's Rio Grande do Sul (UNIJUI), Rua do Comercio, 3000 - Bairro Universitario -, Ijuí, RS, 98700-000, Brazil
- Postgraduation Program in Integral Attention to Health (PPGAIS-UNIJUI/UNICRUZ), Ijuí, RS, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Haematological, Biochemical and Hormonal Biomarkers of Heat Intolerance in Military Personnel. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10101068. [PMID: 34681165 PMCID: PMC8533107 DOI: 10.3390/biology10101068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Simple Summary This study focuses on the biomarkers that are predictive of heat intolerance in military populations. Military personnel are at risk of exertional heat stroke when the body’s temperature increases during intense physical activity in hot weather. Exertional heat stroke (EHS) may accompany or precede heat intolerance, an unusual sensitivity to heat. However, it is unknown if blood biomarkers (haematological, biochemical and hormonal) are predictive of heat intolerance. We subjected a sample of Australian Defence Force personnel and civilian volunteers to a heat tolerance test (HTT), and blood samples were obtained pre-and post–HTT. The results showed that a history of EHS was associated with changes in creatinine and urea. The biochemical and hormonal biomarkers associated with heat intolerance were alanine amino transaminase, creatine kinase, cortisol and creatinine. Furthermore, creatinine and cortisol were identified as predictors and useful biomarkers of heat intolerance. This study also highlights the need for further exploration of genetic biomarkers to aid early identification and the return to duty process for military personnel who may be at risk of heat intolerance. Abstract Heat intolerance is the inability to withstand heat stress and this may occur due to exertional heat stroke (EHS). However, it is unknown if heat intolerance is associated with immune and hormonal disturbances. This study investigates haematological, biochemical and hormonal biomarkers related to heat intolerance and EHS in military and civilian volunteers. A quasi-experimental pre-and post-test design was used, with participants drawn from the Australian Defence Force (ADF) and the general populace. Blood samples were collected and analysed for biomarkers. Inferential statistics compared the biomarkers between the groups. Changes in alanine amino transaminase (p = 0.034), creatine kinase (0.044), cortisol (p = 0.041) and creatinine (p < 0.001) differed between the heat-intolerant and heat-tolerant groups. Participants with a history of EHS showed significant changes in creatinine (p = 0.022) and urea (p = 0.0031) compared to those without EHS history. Predictors of heat intolerance were increasing post-HTT creatinine and cortisol (OR = 1.177, p = 0.011 and OR = 1.015, p = 0.003 respectively). Conclusively, EHS history is associated with changes in creatinine and urea concentrations, while the predictors of heat intolerance are creatinine and cortisol. However, further exploration of other biomarkers, such as genetic polymorphism, is needed.
Collapse
|
10
|
Devrim-Lanpir A, İlktaç HY, Wirnitzer K, Hill L, Rosemann T, Knechtle B. Vegan vs. omnivore diets paradox: A whole-metagenomic approach for defining metabolic networks during the race in ultra-marathoners- a before and after study design. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0255952. [PMID: 34555041 PMCID: PMC8459986 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0255952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effect of vegan diets on metabolic processes in the body is still controversial in ultra endurance athletes. The study aims to determine gut microbiome adaptation to extreme exercise according to vegan or omnivore diet consumed in ultra-marathoners. We also seek to evaluate long-term vegan diets' effects on redox homeostasis, and muscle fatigue, and assess energy availability. METHODS Seventy participants will be assigned to the study, including 35 vegan ultra-marathoners and 35 omnivores competing in the Sri-Chinmoy ultra marathon race. Research data will be collected from the participants at four steps (three visits to the research laboratory and the race day) throughout the study. At the first visit (seven days before the race), fecal samples, and anthropometric measurements will be collected. Body composition will be measured using DXA. Participants will be informed about keeping detailed food records and will be asked to record their diet data and activity logs during the entire study period. At second visit, maximum oxygen consumption will be measured on treadmill. On race day, blood samples will be collected immediately before, and 0. min, 2 hours, and 24 hours after the race. Body weight will be measured before and after the race. The blood and fecal samples will be stored at -80 C until analysis. Plasma malondialdehyde, reactive oxygen metabolites, total antioxidant capacity, Heatshockprotein-70, and serum Orosomucoid-1 will be analyzed in blood samples. Fecal samples will be analyzed with shotgun metagenomic analysis and interpreted using bioinformatics pipeline (HumanN2). Statistical tests will be analyzed using SPSS version 23.0 and R Software. DISCUSSION Study findings will determine the effects of the vegan diet on sports performance, revealing the multiple interactions between host and gut microbiome at the whole metagenomic level. Additionally, results will show the possible adaptation throughout the race by analyzing blood and fecal samples. Furthermore, by assessing energy availability and determining host-metabolite crosstalk for ultra-endurance athletes, possible nutritional deficiencies can be identified. Thus, advanced nutritional strategies can be developed based on metabolic needs. TRIAL REGISTRATION Current controlled trials, ISRCTN registry 69541705. Registered on 8 December 2019.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aslı Devrim-Lanpir
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Science, Istanbul Medeniyet University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Havvanur Yoldaş İlktaç
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Science, Istanbul Medeniyet University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Katharina Wirnitzer
- Department of Subject Didactics and Educational Research and Development, University College of Teacher Education Tyrol, Innsbruck, Austria
- Department of Sport Science, Leopold-Franzens University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
- Research Centre Medical Humanities, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
- Life and Health Science Cluster Tyrol, Subcluster Health/Medicine/Psychology, Tyrolean University Conference, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Lee Hill
- Division of Gastroenterology & Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Thomas Rosemann
- Institute of Primary Care, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Beat Knechtle
- Institute of Primary Care, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Medbase St. Gallen Am Vadianplatz, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Madaeva IM, Kurashova NA, Semenova NV, Kolesnikova LI, Kolesnikov SI. Association Of Nocturnal Intermittent Hypoxia With Heat Shock Protein 70 In Patients With Obstructive Sleep Apnea: A Pilot Study. RUSSIAN OPEN MEDICAL JOURNAL 2020. [DOI: 10.15275/rusomj.2020.0401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction — Nocturnal intermittent hypoxia in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) causes cellular stress and consequent change in inducible heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) level. Thus, the objective of this study was to determine the relationship among nocturnal hypoxia and the serum HSP70 level in patients with severe OSA. Material and Methods — The study involved 34 patients with a clinical diagnosis of moderate to severe OSA (24 men and 10 women). Patients without OSA (10 men and 5 women) were included as a control group. The groups were similar in age. The polysomnographic monitoring was carried by standart methodology. Blood sampling for determining the HSP70 level was carried out between 8:00 and 9:00 am after polysomnographic monitoring. Results — The results of this study demonstrated a high apnea/hypopnea index (AHI), which determined the OSA severity and decreased the blood oxygen saturation (SaO2) (p<0.05). Sleep fragmentation in OSA patients confirmed an increase in respiratory arousal index (ArI). The HSP70 level significantly increased in OSA patients compared with the control group. Correlation analysis showed a positive relationship between HSP70 and AHI (R=0.5) in patients with OSAS, as well as a negative relationship between HSP70 and SaO2 (R=-0.3). Conclusion — Our results demonstrated a high level of HSP70 in patients with severe OSA syndrome vs. those without it. In OSA patients, a direct correlation was found between the HSP70 level and AHI, as well as an inverse correlation between the AHI level and SaO2. These findings suggested an association between the level of inducible HSP70 and nocturnal hypoxia in OSA patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Irina M. Madaeva
- Scientific Сentre for Family Health and Human Reproduction Problems
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Lovas A, Szilágyi B, Bosnyák E, Ács P, Oláh A, Komka Z, Tóth M, Merkely B, Németh E, Gilányi B, Krepuska M, Sőti C, Sótonyi P. Reaction Kinetics Modeling of eHsp70 Induced by Norepinephrine in Response to Exercise Stress. Int J Sports Med 2020; 42:506-512. [PMID: 33291181 DOI: 10.1055/a-1224-3792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Exercise elicits a systemic adaptation reaction, involving both neuroendocrine and cellular/paracrine stress responses, exemplified by the sympathoadrenergic activity and the release of cellular Hsp70 into the circulation. Regular sports training is known to result in increased fitness. In this study, we characterized the plasma norepinephrine and Hsp70 levels and modeled their relationship in response to exercise stress by bicycle ergometer in 12 trained judoka athletes and in 10 healthy controls. Resting norepinephrine was similar in both groups, whereas Hsp70 was significantly higher in controls compared to athletes. Intense exercise load induced both norepinephrine and Hsp70 elevation. However, both norepinephrine and Hsp70 were significantly lower in athletes compared to the control group. A reaction kinetic model was developed that provided a quantitative description of norepinephrine-facilitated extracellular Hsp70 release, congruent with the experimental data. Our study indicates that exercise-induced norepinephrine and extracellular Hsp70 may be coordinated responses to physiological stress, which are robustly affected by regular sports activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Attila Lovas
- Institute of Mathematics, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Brigitta Szilágyi
- Institute of Mathematics, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Edit Bosnyák
- Department of Health Sciences and Sport Medicine, University of Physical Education, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Pongrácz Ács
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
| | - András Oláh
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Komka
- Department of Health Sciences and Sport Medicine, University of Physical Education, Budapest, Hungary.,Pázmány Péter Catholic University, Faculty of Information Technology and Bionics, Budapest
| | - Miklós Tóth
- Department of Health Sciences and Sport Medicine, University of Physical Education, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Béla Merkely
- Department of Cardiology, Heart and Vascular Center, FIFA Medical Centre of Excellence, Semmelweis University Budapest, Hungary
| | - Endre Németh
- Department of Combat Sports, University of Physical Education, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Beatrix Gilányi
- Institute of Medical Chemistry, Molecular Biology and Pathobiochemistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Miklós Krepuska
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.,Pázmány Péter Catholic University, Faculty of Information Technology and Bionics, Budapest
| | - Csaba Sőti
- Institute of Medical Chemistry, Molecular Biology and Pathobiochemistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Péter Sótonyi
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Sulzbacher MM, Ludwig MS, Heck TG. Oxidative stress and decreased tissue HSP70 are involved in the genesis of sepsis: HSP70 as a therapeutic target. Rev Bras Ter Intensiva 2020; 32:585-591. [PMID: 33263705 PMCID: PMC7853686 DOI: 10.5935/0103-507x.20200084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is a systemic infection that causes multiple organ dysfunction. HSP70 is a protein responsive to cell stress, in particular oxidative stress. Therefore, this literature review sought to investigate the roles of HSP70 and oxidative stress in the pathophysiology of sepsis and the possibility of HSP70 as a therapeutic target. HSP70 exerts a protective effect when located in cells (iHSP70), and its decrease, as well as its increase in the extracellular environment (eHSP70), under oxidative stress is a biomarker of sepsis severity. In addition, therapies that increase iHSP70 and treatment with HSP70 promote sepsis improvement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maicon Machado Sulzbacher
- Grupo de Pesquisa em Fisiologia, Departamento de Ciências da Vida, Universidade Regional do Noroeste do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul - Ijuí (RS), Brasil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Atenção Integral à Saúde, Departamento de Ciências da Vida, Universidade Regional do Noroeste do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul - Ijuí (RS), Brasil
| | - Mirna Stela Ludwig
- Grupo de Pesquisa em Fisiologia, Departamento de Ciências da Vida, Universidade Regional do Noroeste do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul - Ijuí (RS), Brasil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Atenção Integral à Saúde, Departamento de Ciências da Vida, Universidade Regional do Noroeste do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul - Ijuí (RS), Brasil
| | - Thiago Gomes Heck
- Grupo de Pesquisa em Fisiologia, Departamento de Ciências da Vida, Universidade Regional do Noroeste do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul - Ijuí (RS), Brasil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Atenção Integral à Saúde, Departamento de Ciências da Vida, Universidade Regional do Noroeste do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul - Ijuí (RS), Brasil
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Soares M, Santos ABD, Weich TM, Mânica GG, Homem de Bittencourt PI, Ludwig MS, Heck TG. Heat shock response in noise-induced hearing loss: effects of alanyl-glutamine dipeptide supplementation on heat shock proteins status. Braz J Otorhinolaryngol 2020; 86:703-710. [PMID: 31255578 PMCID: PMC9422582 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjorl.2019.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2019] [Revised: 03/30/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Objective Methods Results Conclusions
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Soares
- Universidade Regional do Noroeste do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul (Unijuí), Departamento de Ciências da Vida, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Atenção Integral à Saúde, Ijuí, RS, Brazil.
| | - Analu B Dos Santos
- Universidade Regional do Noroeste do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul (Unijuí), Departamento de Ciências da Vida, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Atenção Integral à Saúde, Ijuí, RS, Brazil
| | - Tainara M Weich
- Universidade Regional do Noroeste do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul (Unijuí), Departamento de Ciências da Vida, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Atenção Integral à Saúde, Ijuí, RS, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Gomes Mânica
- Universidade Regional do Noroeste do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul (Unijuí), Departamento de Ciências da Vida, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Atenção Integral à Saúde, Ijuí, RS, Brazil
| | - Paulo Ivo Homem de Bittencourt
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Departamento de Fisiologia, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Mirna Stela Ludwig
- Universidade Regional do Noroeste do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul (Unijuí), Departamento de Ciências da Vida, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Atenção Integral à Saúde, Ijuí, RS, Brazil
| | - Thiago Gomes Heck
- Universidade Regional do Noroeste do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul (Unijuí), Departamento de Ciências da Vida, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Atenção Integral à Saúde, Ijuí, RS, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Heck T, Ludwig M, Frizzo M, Rasia-Filho A, Homem de Bittencourt PI. Suppressed anti-inflammatory heat shock response in high-risk COVID-19 patients: lessons from basic research (inclusive bats), light on conceivable therapies. Clin Sci (Lond) 2020; 134:1991-2017. [PMID: 32749472 PMCID: PMC7403894 DOI: 10.1042/cs20200596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The major risk factors to fatal outcome in COVID-19 patients, i.e., elderliness and pre-existing metabolic and cardiovascular diseases (CVD), share in common the characteristic of being chronic degenerative diseases of inflammatory nature associated with defective heat shock response (HSR). The molecular components of the HSR, the principal metabolic pathway leading to the physiological resolution of inflammation, is an anti-inflammatory biochemical pathway that involves molecular chaperones of the heat shock protein (HSP) family during homeostasis-threatening stressful situations (e.g., thermal, oxidative and metabolic stresses). The entry of SARS coronaviruses in target cells, on the other hand, aggravates the already-jeopardized HSR of this specific group of patients. In addition, cellular counterattack against virus involves interferon (IFN)-mediated inflammatory responses. Therefore, individuals with impaired HSR cannot resolve virus-induced inflammatory burst physiologically, being susceptible to exacerbated forms of inflammation, which leads to a fatal "cytokine storm". Interestingly, some species of bats that are natural reservoirs of zoonotic viruses, including SARS-CoV-2, possess an IFN-based antiviral inflammatory response perpetually activated but do not show any sign of disease or cytokine storm. This is possible because bats present a constitutive HSR that is by far (hundreds of times) more intense and rapid than that of human, being associated with a high core temperature. Similarly in humans, fever is a physiological inducer of HSR while antipyretics, which block the initial phase of inflammation, impair the resolution phase of inflammation through the HSR. These findings offer a rationale for the reevaluation of patient care and fever reduction in SARS, including COVID-19.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thiago Gomes Heck
- Research Group in Physiology, Department of Life Sciences, Regional University of Northwestern Rio Grande do Sul State (UNIJUI), Ijuí, RS, 98700-000 Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Integral Attention to Health (PPGAIS), Regional University of Northwestern Rio Grande do Sul State (UNIJUI), Ijuí, RS, 98700-000 Brazil
| | - Mirna Stela Ludwig
- Research Group in Physiology, Department of Life Sciences, Regional University of Northwestern Rio Grande do Sul State (UNIJUI), Ijuí, RS, 98700-000 Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Integral Attention to Health (PPGAIS), Regional University of Northwestern Rio Grande do Sul State (UNIJUI), Ijuí, RS, 98700-000 Brazil
| | - Matias Nunes Frizzo
- Research Group in Physiology, Department of Life Sciences, Regional University of Northwestern Rio Grande do Sul State (UNIJUI), Ijuí, RS, 98700-000 Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Integral Attention to Health (PPGAIS), Regional University of Northwestern Rio Grande do Sul State (UNIJUI), Ijuí, RS, 98700-000 Brazil
| | - Alberto Antonio Rasia-Filho
- Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Graduate Program in Biosciences, Porto Alegre, RS, 90050-170 Brazil
| | - Paulo Ivo Homem de Bittencourt
- Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, 90050-170 Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Sulzbacher MM, Sulzbacher LM, Passos FR, Bilibio BLE, Althaus WF, Weizenmann L, de Oliveira K, Frizzo MN, Ludwig MS, Heck TG. A single dose of eHSP72 attenuates sepsis severity in mice. Sci Rep 2020; 10:9198. [PMID: 32513986 PMCID: PMC7280184 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-66011-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
High levels of extracellular 72 kDa heat shock protein (eHSP72) can be detected in the serum of septic patients and are associated with increased oxidative profiles and elevated rates of mortality among these patients. However, a possible immunomodulatory role for this protein, resulting in tissue protection during sepsis, has never been assessed. In this study, we investigated whether eHSP72 administration could attenuate the severity of sepsis in a mouse peritonitis model. Animals (90-day-old male C57BL/6J mice) were divided into Sepsis (n = 8) and Sepsis + eHSP72 (n = 9) groups, which both received injections of 20% fecal solution [1 mg/g body weight (wt), intraperitoneal (i.p.)], to trigger peritonitis induced-sepsis, whereas a Control group (n = 7) received a saline injection. eHSP72 was administered (1.33 ng/g body wt) to the Sepsis+eHSP72 group, 12 h after sepsis induction. All animals were evaluated for murine sepsis score (MSS), hemogram, core temperature, and glycemia (before and 4, 12, and 24 h after sepsis induction). Treatment with eHSP72 promoted reduced sepsis severity 24 h after sepsis induction, based on MSS scores (Control = 1.14 ± 1.02; Sepsis = 11.07 ± 7.24, and Sepsis + eHSP72 = 5.62 ± 1.72, P < 0.001) and core temperatures (°C; Control = 37.48 ± 0.58; Sepsis = 35.17 ± 2.88, and Sepsis + eHSP72 = 36.94 ± 2.02; P = 0.006). eHSP72 treatment also limited the oxidative profile and respiratory dysfunction in mice with sepsis. Although sepsis modified glycemic levels and white and red blood cell counts, these variables were not influenced by eHSP72 treatment (P > 0.05). Finally, eHSP72 improved the survival rate after sepsis (P = 0.0371). Together, our results indicated that eHSP72 may ameliorate sepsis severity and possibly improve some sepsis indices in mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maicon Machado Sulzbacher
- Research Group in Physiology, Department of Life Sciences, Regional University of Northwestern Rio Grande do Sul State (UNIJUÍ), Ijuí, RS, Brazil. .,Postgraduate Program in Integral Attention to Health (PPGAIS-UNIJUÍ/UNICRUZ), Ijuí, RS, Brazil.
| | - Lucas Machado Sulzbacher
- Research Group in Physiology, Department of Life Sciences, Regional University of Northwestern Rio Grande do Sul State (UNIJUÍ), Ijuí, RS, Brazil
| | - Felipe Rafael Passos
- Research Group in Physiology, Department of Life Sciences, Regional University of Northwestern Rio Grande do Sul State (UNIJUÍ), Ijuí, RS, Brazil
| | - Bruna Letícia Endl Bilibio
- Research Group in Physiology, Department of Life Sciences, Regional University of Northwestern Rio Grande do Sul State (UNIJUÍ), Ijuí, RS, Brazil.,Postgraduate Program in Integral Attention to Health (PPGAIS-UNIJUÍ/UNICRUZ), Ijuí, RS, Brazil
| | - Wellington Felipe Althaus
- Research Group in Physiology, Department of Life Sciences, Regional University of Northwestern Rio Grande do Sul State (UNIJUÍ), Ijuí, RS, Brazil
| | - Luana Weizenmann
- Research Group in Physiology, Department of Life Sciences, Regional University of Northwestern Rio Grande do Sul State (UNIJUÍ), Ijuí, RS, Brazil.,Postgraduate Program in Integral Attention to Health (PPGAIS-UNIJUÍ/UNICRUZ), Ijuí, RS, Brazil
| | - Kauana de Oliveira
- Research Group in Physiology, Department of Life Sciences, Regional University of Northwestern Rio Grande do Sul State (UNIJUÍ), Ijuí, RS, Brazil
| | - Matias Nunes Frizzo
- Research Group in Physiology, Department of Life Sciences, Regional University of Northwestern Rio Grande do Sul State (UNIJUÍ), Ijuí, RS, Brazil.,Postgraduate Program in Integral Attention to Health (PPGAIS-UNIJUÍ/UNICRUZ), Ijuí, RS, Brazil
| | - Mirna Stela Ludwig
- Research Group in Physiology, Department of Life Sciences, Regional University of Northwestern Rio Grande do Sul State (UNIJUÍ), Ijuí, RS, Brazil.,Postgraduate Program in Integral Attention to Health (PPGAIS-UNIJUÍ/UNICRUZ), Ijuí, RS, Brazil
| | - Thiago Gomes Heck
- Research Group in Physiology, Department of Life Sciences, Regional University of Northwestern Rio Grande do Sul State (UNIJUÍ), Ijuí, RS, Brazil. .,Postgraduate Program in Integral Attention to Health (PPGAIS-UNIJUÍ/UNICRUZ), Ijuí, RS, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Lissarassa YPS, Vincensi CF, Costa-Beber LC, Dos Santos AB, Goettems-Fiorin PB, Dos Santos JB, Donato YH, Wildner G, Homem de Bittencourt Júnior PI, Frizzo MN, Heck TG, Ludwig MS. Chronic heat treatment positively impacts metabolic profile of ovariectomized rats: association with heat shock response pathways. Cell Stress Chaperones 2020; 25:467-479. [PMID: 32215846 PMCID: PMC7192980 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-020-01087-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Low estrogen levels may predispose women to increased bodyweight and dyslipidemia. Previous studies from our laboratory suggest an involvement of depressed heat shock response (HSR) in this scenario because estrogen potently stimulates HSR. As heat treatment induces the expression of the anti-inflammatory heat shock proteins of the 70-kDa family (HSP70) and its accompanying HSR, we aimed to investigate whether chronic heat treatment promotes beneficial effects on biometric, lipid profile, oxidative stress, and HSR in ovariectomized rats. Wistar adult female rats (n = 32) were divided into four groups: control (C, n = 7), ovariectomized (OVX, n = 9), heat-treated (HT, n = 9), and heat-treated ovariectomized rats (OVX+HT, n = 7). HT and OVX+HT rats were anesthetized and submitted to heat treatment (once a week for 12 weeks) in a water bath (41 °C) to increase rats' rectal temperature up to 41 °C for 15 min, while C and OVX animals were submitted to a 36 °C water bath. HT attenuated the weight gain induced by OVX and increased HDL cholesterol and triglyceride serum levels. Also, OVX rats showed increased total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol levels that were not influenced by HT. Interestingly, it was found that an overall trend for HT to decrease tissue catalase and superoxide dismutase antioxidant activities was paralleled by a decrease in malondialdehyde levels (indicative of lower lipoperoxidation), especially in the skeletal muscle. Surprisingly, OVX was not able to depress intracellular HSP70 expression in the skeletal muscle, as expected, and this remained unchanged with HT. However, chronic HT did enhance intracellular HSP70 contents in white adipose tissue of OVX animals. As both glucose and insulin tolerance tests were not affected by OVX, which was not modified by HT, we suppose that estrogen absence alone is not sufficient to determine a state of insulin resistance associated with low intramuscular HSP70 content.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yana Picinin Sandri Lissarassa
- Research Group in Physiology, Department of Life Sciences, Regional University of Northwestern Rio Grande do Sul State (UNIJUI), Rua do Comércio, 3000, Bairro Universitário, Ijuí, RS, 98700-000, Brazil
- Postgraduation Program in Integral Attention to Health (PPGAIS), Regional University of Northwestern Rio Grande do Sul State (UNIJUI), Rua do Comércio, 3000, Bairro Universitário, Ijuí, RS, 98700-000, Brazil
| | - Carolain Felipin Vincensi
- Research Group in Physiology, Department of Life Sciences, Regional University of Northwestern Rio Grande do Sul State (UNIJUI), Rua do Comércio, 3000, Bairro Universitário, Ijuí, RS, 98700-000, Brazil
- Postgraduation Program in Integral Attention to Health (PPGAIS), Regional University of Northwestern Rio Grande do Sul State (UNIJUI), Rua do Comércio, 3000, Bairro Universitário, Ijuí, RS, 98700-000, Brazil
| | - Lílian Corrêa Costa-Beber
- Research Group in Physiology, Department of Life Sciences, Regional University of Northwestern Rio Grande do Sul State (UNIJUI), Rua do Comércio, 3000, Bairro Universitário, Ijuí, RS, 98700-000, Brazil
- Postgraduation Program in Integral Attention to Health (PPGAIS), Regional University of Northwestern Rio Grande do Sul State (UNIJUI), Rua do Comércio, 3000, Bairro Universitário, Ijuí, RS, 98700-000, Brazil
| | - Analú Bender Dos Santos
- Research Group in Physiology, Department of Life Sciences, Regional University of Northwestern Rio Grande do Sul State (UNIJUI), Rua do Comércio, 3000, Bairro Universitário, Ijuí, RS, 98700-000, Brazil
- Postgraduation Program in Integral Attention to Health (PPGAIS), Regional University of Northwestern Rio Grande do Sul State (UNIJUI), Rua do Comércio, 3000, Bairro Universitário, Ijuí, RS, 98700-000, Brazil
| | - Pauline Brendler Goettems-Fiorin
- Research Group in Physiology, Department of Life Sciences, Regional University of Northwestern Rio Grande do Sul State (UNIJUI), Rua do Comércio, 3000, Bairro Universitário, Ijuí, RS, 98700-000, Brazil
| | - Jaíne Borges Dos Santos
- Research Group in Physiology, Department of Life Sciences, Regional University of Northwestern Rio Grande do Sul State (UNIJUI), Rua do Comércio, 3000, Bairro Universitário, Ijuí, RS, 98700-000, Brazil
- Postgraduation Program in Integral Attention to Health (PPGAIS), Regional University of Northwestern Rio Grande do Sul State (UNIJUI), Rua do Comércio, 3000, Bairro Universitário, Ijuí, RS, 98700-000, Brazil
| | - Yohanna Hannnah Donato
- Research Group in Physiology, Department of Life Sciences, Regional University of Northwestern Rio Grande do Sul State (UNIJUI), Rua do Comércio, 3000, Bairro Universitário, Ijuí, RS, 98700-000, Brazil
- Postgraduation Program in Integral Attention to Health (PPGAIS), Regional University of Northwestern Rio Grande do Sul State (UNIJUI), Rua do Comércio, 3000, Bairro Universitário, Ijuí, RS, 98700-000, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Wildner
- Research Group in Physiology, Department of Life Sciences, Regional University of Northwestern Rio Grande do Sul State (UNIJUI), Rua do Comércio, 3000, Bairro Universitário, Ijuí, RS, 98700-000, Brazil
| | - Paulo Ivo Homem de Bittencourt Júnior
- Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, ICBS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Matias Nunes Frizzo
- Research Group in Physiology, Department of Life Sciences, Regional University of Northwestern Rio Grande do Sul State (UNIJUI), Rua do Comércio, 3000, Bairro Universitário, Ijuí, RS, 98700-000, Brazil
- Postgraduation Program in Integral Attention to Health (PPGAIS), Regional University of Northwestern Rio Grande do Sul State (UNIJUI), Rua do Comércio, 3000, Bairro Universitário, Ijuí, RS, 98700-000, Brazil
| | - Thiago Gomes Heck
- Research Group in Physiology, Department of Life Sciences, Regional University of Northwestern Rio Grande do Sul State (UNIJUI), Rua do Comércio, 3000, Bairro Universitário, Ijuí, RS, 98700-000, Brazil.
- Postgraduation Program in Integral Attention to Health (PPGAIS), Regional University of Northwestern Rio Grande do Sul State (UNIJUI), Rua do Comércio, 3000, Bairro Universitário, Ijuí, RS, 98700-000, Brazil.
| | - Mirna Stela Ludwig
- Research Group in Physiology, Department of Life Sciences, Regional University of Northwestern Rio Grande do Sul State (UNIJUI), Rua do Comércio, 3000, Bairro Universitário, Ijuí, RS, 98700-000, Brazil.
- Postgraduation Program in Integral Attention to Health (PPGAIS), Regional University of Northwestern Rio Grande do Sul State (UNIJUI), Rua do Comércio, 3000, Bairro Universitário, Ijuí, RS, 98700-000, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Min HJ, Min SJ, Kang H, Kim KS. Differential Nasal Expression of Heat Shock Proteins 27 and 70 by Aerobic Exercise: A Preliminary Study. Int J Med Sci 2020; 17:640-646. [PMID: 32210714 PMCID: PMC7085210 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.39631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Exercise modifies airway immune responses and susceptibility to infection. We investigated the effects of exercise on two HSPs (heat shock proteins), quantifying expression levels in nasal mucosa of both professional competitive athletes and non-athletes for comparison. Method: We used western blot technique to determine expression levels of HSPs in primary human nasal epithelial cells (HNECs). Nasal lavage (NAL) fluids were collected from 12 male professional volley ball players and 6 healthy males pre-submaximal exercise (running for 30 min at 70-80% of maximal heart rate) and post-submaximal exercise. Expression levels of HSP27, HSP70, Interleukin (IL)-8, and Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α in NAL fluids were quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and difference of the level between pre-submaximal exercise and post-submaximal exercise was statistically analyzed. Antibacterial assay using Staphylococcus aureus was performed to assess the immunological role of HSPs in NAL fluids. Results:. In non-athlete controls, HSP27, HSP70, and IL-8 were unchanged after exercise. In the professional athletes, HSP70 expression was declined significantly (p<0.05), but HSP27 was not significantly changed. IL-8 and TNF-α did not show significant difference, either. By antibacterial assay, it was found that the number of active bacterial populations were influenced by the presence or absence of HSP27 and HSP70 in NAL fluids. Conclusion: HSP27 and HSP70 were present in NAL fluids of enrolled subjects, and the effect of exercise on the level HSPs was different between professional athletic competitors and non-athletes. As the number of active bacterial population was influenced by the presence or absence of nasal HSP27 and HSP70, we suggest that HSP27 and HSP70 may play immunological function in NAL fluids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Jin Min
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Chung- Ang University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Jin Min
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Chung- Ang University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Kang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, College of Medicine, Chung- Ang University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Soo Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Chung- Ang University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Kumari A, Ameri S, Ravikrishna P, Dhayalan A, Kamala-Kannan S, Selvankumar T, Govarthanan M. Isolation and Characterization of Conotoxin Protein from Conus inscriptus and Its Potential Anticancer Activity Against Cervical Cancer (HeLa-HPV 16 Associated) Cell Lines. Int J Pept Res Ther 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10989-019-09907-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
20
|
Krüger K, Reichel T, Zeilinger C. Role of heat shock proteins 70/90 in exercise physiology and exercise immunology and their diagnostic potential in sports. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2019; 126:916-927. [DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.01052.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are molecular chaperones facilitating the unfolding or folding of secondary structures of proteins, their client proteins, in cellular stress situations. Various internal and external physiological and mechanical stress factors induce a homeostatic imbalance, followed by an increased expression of HSP70 and HSP90. Exercise is a stress factor, too, and its cumulative physiological perturbation manifests at a cellular level by threatening the protein homeostasis of various cell types. Consequently, an increase of HSP70/90 was described in plasma and mononuclear cells and various organs and tissues, such as muscle, liver, cardiac tissue, and brain, after an acute bout of exercise. The specific response of HSP70/90 seems to be strongly related to the modality of exercise, with several dependent factors such as duration, intensity, exercise type, subjects’ training status, and environmental factors, e.g., temperature. It is suggested that HSP70/90 play a major role in immune regulation and cell protection during exercise and in the efficiency of regeneration and reparation processes. During long-term training, HSP70/90 are involved in preconditioning and adaptation processes that might also be important for disease prevention and therapy. With regard to their highly sensitive and individual response to specific exercise and training modalities, this review discusses whether and how HSP70 and HSP90 can be applied as biomarkers for monitoring exercise and training.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karsten Krüger
- Department of Exercise and Health, Institute of Sports Science, Leibniz University Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Thomas Reichel
- Department of Exercise and Health, Institute of Sports Science, Leibniz University Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Carsten Zeilinger
- Center of Biomolecular Drug Research, Leibniz University Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Kostrycki IM, Wildner G, Donato YH, dos Santos AB, Beber LCC, Frizzo MN, Ludwig MS, Keane KN, Cruzat V, Rhoden CR, Heck TG. Effects of High-Fat Diet on eHSP72 and Extra-to-Intracellular HSP70 Levels in Mice Submitted to Exercise under Exposure to Fine Particulate Matter. J Diabetes Res 2019; 2019:4858740. [PMID: 30723746 PMCID: PMC6339705 DOI: 10.1155/2019/4858740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity, air pollution, and exercise induce alterations in the heat shock response (HSR), in both intracellular 70 kDa heat shock proteins (iHSP70) and the plasmatic extracellular form (eHSP72). Extra-to-intracellular HSP70 ratio (H-index = eHSP70/iHSP70 ratio) represents a candidate biomarker of subclinical health status. This study investigated the effects of moderate- and high-intensity exercise in the HSR and oxidative stress parameters, in obese mice exposed to fine particulate matter (PM2.5). Thirty-day-old male isogenic B6129F2/J mice were maintained for 16 weeks on standard chow or high-fat diet (HFD). Then, mice were exposed to either saline or 50 μg of PM2.5 by intranasal instillation and subsequently maintained at rest or subjected to moderate- or high-intensity swimming exercise. HFD mice exhibited high adiposity and glucose intolerance at week 16th. HFD mice submitted to moderate- or high-intensity exercise were not able to complete the exercise session and showed lower levels of eHSP70 and H-index, when compared to controls. PM2.5 exposure modified the glycaemic response to exercise and modified hematological responses in HFD mice. Our study suggests that obesity is a critical health condition for exercise prescription under PM2.5 exposure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iberê Machado Kostrycki
- Research Group in Physiology, Department of Life Sciences, Regional University of Northwestern Rio Grande do Sul State (UNIJUI), Ijuí, RS, Brazil
- Laboratory of Oxidative Stress and Air Pollution, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Wildner
- Research Group in Physiology, Department of Life Sciences, Regional University of Northwestern Rio Grande do Sul State (UNIJUI), Ijuí, RS, Brazil
| | - Yohanna Hannah Donato
- Research Group in Physiology, Department of Life Sciences, Regional University of Northwestern Rio Grande do Sul State (UNIJUI), Ijuí, RS, Brazil
| | - Analú Bender dos Santos
- Research Group in Physiology, Department of Life Sciences, Regional University of Northwestern Rio Grande do Sul State (UNIJUI), Ijuí, RS, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Integral Attention to Health (PPGAIS-UNIJUÍ/UNICRUZ), Ijuí, RS, Brazil
| | - Lílian Corrêa Costa Beber
- Research Group in Physiology, Department of Life Sciences, Regional University of Northwestern Rio Grande do Sul State (UNIJUI), Ijuí, RS, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Integral Attention to Health (PPGAIS-UNIJUÍ/UNICRUZ), Ijuí, RS, Brazil
| | - Matias Nunes Frizzo
- Research Group in Physiology, Department of Life Sciences, Regional University of Northwestern Rio Grande do Sul State (UNIJUI), Ijuí, RS, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Integral Attention to Health (PPGAIS-UNIJUÍ/UNICRUZ), Ijuí, RS, Brazil
| | - Mirna Stela Ludwig
- Research Group in Physiology, Department of Life Sciences, Regional University of Northwestern Rio Grande do Sul State (UNIJUI), Ijuí, RS, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Integral Attention to Health (PPGAIS-UNIJUÍ/UNICRUZ), Ijuí, RS, Brazil
| | - Kevin Noel Keane
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth 6102, Australia
| | - Vinicius Cruzat
- Faculty of Health, Torrens University Australia, Melbourne, Victoria 3065, Australia
| | - Cláudia Ramos Rhoden
- Laboratory of Oxidative Stress and Air Pollution, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Thiago Gomes Heck
- Research Group in Physiology, Department of Life Sciences, Regional University of Northwestern Rio Grande do Sul State (UNIJUI), Ijuí, RS, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Integral Attention to Health (PPGAIS-UNIJUÍ/UNICRUZ), Ijuí, RS, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Baldissera FG, Dos Santos AB, Sulzbacher MM, Goettems-Fiorin PB, Frizzo MN, Ludwig MS, Rhoden CR, Heck TG. Subacute exposure to residual oil fly ash (ROFA) increases eHSP70 content and extracellular-to-intracellular HSP70 ratio: a relation with oxidative stress markers. Cell Stress Chaperones 2018; 23:1185-1192. [PMID: 29934712 PMCID: PMC6237679 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-018-0924-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Revised: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether exposure to particles induces an imbalance in 70-kDa heat shock proteins (HSP70). Since intracellularly (iHSP70) it has anti-inflammatory roles whereas extracellularly (eHSP70) it has pro-inflammatory roles, we evaluate the effect of residual oil fly ash (ROFA) exposure on eHSP70-to-iHSP70 ratio (H index), a biomarker of inflammatory status that is related to oxidative stress in plasma and lymphoid tissue. Wistar rats that received ROFA suspension for three consecutive days (750 μg) showed an increase in plasma eHSP70 levels (mainly the 72-kDa inducible form). Also, ROFA promoted alterations on plasma oxidative stress (increased protein carbonyl groups and superoxide dismutase activity, and decrease sulfhydryl groups). There was an increase in H index of the plasma/thymus with no changes in circulating leukocyte level, iHSP70, or oxidative stress markers in lymphoid tissues. Our results support the hypothesis that eHSP70 content and H index represent inflammatory and oxidative biomarkers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Giesel Baldissera
- Postgraduation Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Analú Bender Dos Santos
- Postgraduate Program in Integral Attention to Health (PPGAIS-UNIJUI/UNICRUZ), Research Group in Physiology, Department of Life Sciences, Regional University of the Northwestern Rio Grande do Sul State (UNIJUI), Rua do Comércio, 3000, Universitário, Ijuí, Rio Grande do Sul, 98700-000, Brazil
| | - Maicon Machado Sulzbacher
- Postgraduate Program in Integral Attention to Health (PPGAIS-UNIJUI/UNICRUZ), Research Group in Physiology, Department of Life Sciences, Regional University of the Northwestern Rio Grande do Sul State (UNIJUI), Rua do Comércio, 3000, Universitário, Ijuí, Rio Grande do Sul, 98700-000, Brazil
| | - Pauline Brendler Goettems-Fiorin
- Postgraduation Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Integral Attention to Health (PPGAIS-UNIJUI/UNICRUZ), Research Group in Physiology, Department of Life Sciences, Regional University of the Northwestern Rio Grande do Sul State (UNIJUI), Rua do Comércio, 3000, Universitário, Ijuí, Rio Grande do Sul, 98700-000, Brazil
| | - Matias Nunes Frizzo
- Postgraduate Program in Integral Attention to Health (PPGAIS-UNIJUI/UNICRUZ), Research Group in Physiology, Department of Life Sciences, Regional University of the Northwestern Rio Grande do Sul State (UNIJUI), Rua do Comércio, 3000, Universitário, Ijuí, Rio Grande do Sul, 98700-000, Brazil
| | - Mirna Stela Ludwig
- Postgraduate Program in Integral Attention to Health (PPGAIS-UNIJUI/UNICRUZ), Research Group in Physiology, Department of Life Sciences, Regional University of the Northwestern Rio Grande do Sul State (UNIJUI), Rua do Comércio, 3000, Universitário, Ijuí, Rio Grande do Sul, 98700-000, Brazil
| | - Claudia Ramos Rhoden
- Postgraduation Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Thiago Gomes Heck
- Postgraduate Program in Integral Attention to Health (PPGAIS-UNIJUI/UNICRUZ), Research Group in Physiology, Department of Life Sciences, Regional University of the Northwestern Rio Grande do Sul State (UNIJUI), Rua do Comércio, 3000, Universitário, Ijuí, Rio Grande do Sul, 98700-000, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Deresz LF, Schöler CM, de Bittencourt PIHJ, Karsten M, Ikeda MLR, Sonza A, Dal Lago P. Exercise training reduces oxidative stress in people living with HIV/AIDS: a pilot study. HIV CLINICAL TRIALS 2018; 19:152-157. [PMID: 30369300 DOI: 10.1080/15284336.2018.1481247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exercise training has been shown to be an effective strategy to balance oxidative stress status; however, this is underexplored in people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA). OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effects of exercise training on oxidative stress in PLWHA receiving antiretroviral therapy. METHODS Patients performed 24 sessions (3 times per week, 8 weeks) of either aerobic (AT), resistance (RT), or concurrent training (CT). Glutathione disulphide to glutathione ratio (GSSG/GSH) in circulating erythrocytes and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) in plasma samples were assessed as oxidative stress markers. Eight PLWAH completed the training protocol (AT =3, RT =3, CT =2). The GSSG/GSH and TBARS values were logarithmically transformed to approximate a normal distribution. A paired t-test was used to determine the differences between baseline and post-training values. RESULTS Data-pooled analysis showed a decrease in GSSG/GSH and TBARS after the training period: log GSSG/GSH= -1.26 ± 0.57 versus -1.54 ± 0.65, p = .01 and log TBARS =0.73 ± 0.35 versus 0.43 ± 0.21, p = .01. This was paralleled by a rise in peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak = 29.14 ± 5.34 versus 32.48 ± 5.75 ml kg-1 min-1, p = .04). All the subjects who performed resistance exercises showed an average gain of 37 ± 8% in muscle strength with no difference between performing single or multiple sets in terms of muscle strength gain. The results reinforce the clinical importance of exercise as a rehabilitation intervention for PLWHA and emphasizes the safety of exercise at the physiological level with the potential to mediate health outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luís Fernando Deresz
- a Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA) , Porto Alegre , RS , Brazil.,b Physical Education Department, Institute of Life Sciences , Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Campus Governador Valadares , MG , Brazil
| | - Cinthia Maria Schöler
- c Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences , Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul , Porto Alegre , RS , Brazil
| | | | - Marlus Karsten
- d Physical Therapy Department , Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC) , Florianópolis , SC , Brazil
| | - Maria Letícia Rodrigues Ikeda
- e Nursing Department , Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos , São Leopoldo , RS , Brazil.,f Health Secretariat of State of Rio Grande do Sul , Porto Alegre , RS , Brazil
| | - Anelise Sonza
- d Physical Therapy Department , Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC) , Florianópolis , SC , Brazil
| | - Pedro Dal Lago
- a Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA) , Porto Alegre , RS , Brazil.,g Physical Therapy Department , UFCSPA , Porto Alegre , RS , Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Bandeira Corrêa J, Pezzini Moreira B, Lohmanm L, Machado Sulzbacher L, Bender Dos Santos A, Ruiz A, Stela Ludwig M, Hirsch GE, Santos C, Seibel Gehrke IT, Gomes Heck T. Characterization of Schinus lentiscifolius Marchand (Anacardiaceae) Bark Extract and Its Effects on Lymphocyte Oxidative Stress and Heat Shock Response. Chem Biodivers 2018; 16:e1800303. [PMID: 30351529 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201800303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Schinus lentiscifolius Marchand has been used in folk medicine to treat immunoinflammatory related diseases, which are marked by OS and altered HSR. Our study aimed to evaluate OS and HSR in lymphocytes treated with S. lentiscifolius bark extracts. S. lentiscifolius barks were partitioned with solvents to obtain hexane (SL-HEX), ethyl acetate (SL-ACOET) and methanol (SL-MEOH) extracts, and the presence of bioactive compounds was evaluated by thin layer chromatography. Total phenols were measured by the Folin-Ciocalteu method and flavonoids were identified by HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS/MS. Antioxidant capacity was verified by DPPH method, cell viability by Trypan Blue method, lipid peroxidation by TBARS and HSP70 by immunoblotting. The SL-ACOET extract presented higher content of phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity in vitro. It was able to reduce lipid peroxidation levels in lymphocytes induced by H2 O2 and improved cell viability. The SL-ACOET extract inhibited HSR by a decrease in both intracellular content and release of 70 kDa heat shock proteins (HSP70) and also by decrease extra-to-intracellular HSP70 ratio in lymphocytes submitted to heat shock (2 h, 41 °C). S. lentiscifolius bark extract has antioxidant activity and inhibitory effect on HSR probably due to the presence of polyphenols as the flavonoids quercetin and kaempferol.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jéssyca Bandeira Corrêa
- Research Group in Physiology, Postgraduate Program in Integral Attention to Health (PPGAIS-UNIJUÍ/UNICRUZ), Department of Life Sciences, Regional, University of Northwestern Rio Grande do Sul State (UNIJUÍ), Rua do Comércio, 3000, Bairro Universitário, Ijuí RS, 98700-000, Brazil.,Postgraduate Program in Integral Attention to Health (PPGAIS-UNIJUÍ/UNICRUZ), Regional University of Northwestern region of the state of Rio Grande do Sul (UNIJUÍ), Ijuí RS, 98700-000, Brazil
| | - Bárbara Pezzini Moreira
- Research Group in Physiology, Postgraduate Program in Integral Attention to Health (PPGAIS-UNIJUÍ/UNICRUZ), Department of Life Sciences, Regional, University of Northwestern Rio Grande do Sul State (UNIJUÍ), Rua do Comércio, 3000, Bairro Universitário, Ijuí RS, 98700-000, Brazil
| | - Larissa Lohmanm
- Research Group in Physiology, Postgraduate Program in Integral Attention to Health (PPGAIS-UNIJUÍ/UNICRUZ), Department of Life Sciences, Regional, University of Northwestern Rio Grande do Sul State (UNIJUÍ), Rua do Comércio, 3000, Bairro Universitário, Ijuí RS, 98700-000, Brazil
| | - Lucas Machado Sulzbacher
- Research Group in Physiology, Postgraduate Program in Integral Attention to Health (PPGAIS-UNIJUÍ/UNICRUZ), Department of Life Sciences, Regional, University of Northwestern Rio Grande do Sul State (UNIJUÍ), Rua do Comércio, 3000, Bairro Universitário, Ijuí RS, 98700-000, Brazil
| | - Analú Bender Dos Santos
- Research Group in Physiology, Postgraduate Program in Integral Attention to Health (PPGAIS-UNIJUÍ/UNICRUZ), Department of Life Sciences, Regional, University of Northwestern Rio Grande do Sul State (UNIJUÍ), Rua do Comércio, 3000, Bairro Universitário, Ijuí RS, 98700-000, Brazil.,Postgraduate Program in Integral Attention to Health (PPGAIS-UNIJUÍ/UNICRUZ), Regional University of Northwestern region of the state of Rio Grande do Sul (UNIJUÍ), Ijuí RS, 98700-000, Brazil
| | - Antonieta Ruiz
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Natural Resources, Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, 4811-230, Chile
| | - Mirna Stela Ludwig
- Research Group in Physiology, Postgraduate Program in Integral Attention to Health (PPGAIS-UNIJUÍ/UNICRUZ), Department of Life Sciences, Regional, University of Northwestern Rio Grande do Sul State (UNIJUÍ), Rua do Comércio, 3000, Bairro Universitário, Ijuí RS, 98700-000, Brazil.,Postgraduate Program in Integral Attention to Health (PPGAIS-UNIJUÍ/UNICRUZ), Regional University of Northwestern region of the state of Rio Grande do Sul (UNIJUÍ), Ijuí RS, 98700-000, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Elisa Hirsch
- Research Group in Physiology, Postgraduate Program in Integral Attention to Health (PPGAIS-UNIJUÍ/UNICRUZ), Department of Life Sciences, Regional, University of Northwestern Rio Grande do Sul State (UNIJUÍ), Rua do Comércio, 3000, Bairro Universitário, Ijuí RS, 98700-000, Brazil.,Postgraduate Program in Integral Attention to Health (PPGAIS-UNIJUÍ/UNICRUZ), Regional University of Northwestern region of the state of Rio Grande do Sul (UNIJUÍ), Ijuí RS, 98700-000, Brazil
| | - Cledir Santos
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Natural Resources, Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, 4811-230, Chile
| | - Ilaine Teresinha Seibel Gehrke
- Research Group in Physiology, Postgraduate Program in Integral Attention to Health (PPGAIS-UNIJUÍ/UNICRUZ), Department of Life Sciences, Regional, University of Northwestern Rio Grande do Sul State (UNIJUÍ), Rua do Comércio, 3000, Bairro Universitário, Ijuí RS, 98700-000, Brazil
| | - Thiago Gomes Heck
- Research Group in Physiology, Postgraduate Program in Integral Attention to Health (PPGAIS-UNIJUÍ/UNICRUZ), Department of Life Sciences, Regional, University of Northwestern Rio Grande do Sul State (UNIJUÍ), Rua do Comércio, 3000, Bairro Universitário, Ijuí RS, 98700-000, Brazil.,Postgraduate Program in Integral Attention to Health (PPGAIS-UNIJUÍ/UNICRUZ), Regional University of Northwestern region of the state of Rio Grande do Sul (UNIJUÍ), Ijuí RS, 98700-000, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Cruzat V, Macedo Rogero M, Noel Keane K, Curi R, Newsholme P. Glutamine: Metabolism and Immune Function, Supplementation and Clinical Translation. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10111564. [PMID: 30360490 PMCID: PMC6266414 DOI: 10.3390/nu10111564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 518] [Impact Index Per Article: 86.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2018] [Revised: 10/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Glutamine is the most abundant and versatile amino acid in the body. In health and disease, the rate of glutamine consumption by immune cells is similar or greater than glucose. For instance, in vitro and in vivo studies have determined that glutamine is an essential nutrient for lymphocyte proliferation and cytokine production, macrophage phagocytic plus secretory activities, and neutrophil bacterial killing. Glutamine release to the circulation and availability is mainly controlled by key metabolic organs, such as the gut, liver, and skeletal muscles. During catabolic/hypercatabolic situations glutamine can become essential for metabolic function, but its availability may be compromised due to the impairment of homeostasis in the inter-tissue metabolism of amino acids. For this reason, glutamine is currently part of clinical nutrition supplementation protocols and/or recommended for immune suppressed individuals. However, in a wide range of catabolic/hypercatabolic situations (e.g., ill/critically ill, post-trauma, sepsis, exhausted athletes), it is currently difficult to determine whether glutamine supplementation (oral/enteral or parenteral) should be recommended based on the amino acid plasma/bloodstream concentration (also known as glutaminemia). Although the beneficial immune-based effects of glutamine supplementation are already established, many questions and evidence for positive in vivo outcomes still remain to be presented. Therefore, this paper provides an integrated review of how glutamine metabolism in key organs is important to cells of the immune system. We also discuss glutamine metabolism and action, and important issues related to the effects of glutamine supplementation in catabolic situations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vinicius Cruzat
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Biosciences, Curtin University, Perth 6102, Australia.
- Faculty of Health, Torrens University, Melbourne 3065, Australia.
| | - Marcelo Macedo Rogero
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Public Health, University of São Paulo, Avenida Doutor Arnaldo 715, São Paulo 01246-904, Brazil.
| | - Kevin Noel Keane
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Biosciences, Curtin University, Perth 6102, Australia.
| | - Rui Curi
- Interdisciplinary Post-Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Cruzeiro do Sul University, São Paulo 01506-000, Brazil.
| | - Philip Newsholme
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Biosciences, Curtin University, Perth 6102, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Cruzat V, Macedo Rogero M, Noel Keane K, Curi R, Newsholme P. Glutamine: Metabolism and Immune Function, Supplementation and Clinical Translation. Nutrients 2018. [PMID: 30360490 DOI: 10.20944/preprints201809.0459.v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Glutamine is the most abundant and versatile amino acid in the body. In health and disease, the rate of glutamine consumption by immune cells is similar or greater than glucose. For instance, in vitro and in vivo studies have determined that glutamine is an essential nutrient for lymphocyte proliferation and cytokine production, macrophage phagocytic plus secretory activities, and neutrophil bacterial killing. Glutamine release to the circulation and availability is mainly controlled by key metabolic organs, such as the gut, liver, and skeletal muscles. During catabolic/hypercatabolic situations glutamine can become essential for metabolic function, but its availability may be compromised due to the impairment of homeostasis in the inter-tissue metabolism of amino acids. For this reason, glutamine is currently part of clinical nutrition supplementation protocols and/or recommended for immune suppressed individuals. However, in a wide range of catabolic/hypercatabolic situations (e.g., ill/critically ill, post-trauma, sepsis, exhausted athletes), it is currently difficult to determine whether glutamine supplementation (oral/enteral or parenteral) should be recommended based on the amino acid plasma/bloodstream concentration (also known as glutaminemia). Although the beneficial immune-based effects of glutamine supplementation are already established, many questions and evidence for positive in vivo outcomes still remain to be presented. Therefore, this paper provides an integrated review of how glutamine metabolism in key organs is important to cells of the immune system. We also discuss glutamine metabolism and action, and important issues related to the effects of glutamine supplementation in catabolic situations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vinicius Cruzat
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Biosciences, Curtin University, Perth 6102, Australia. .,Faculty of Health, Torrens University, Melbourne 3065, Australia.
| | - Marcelo Macedo Rogero
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Public Health, University of São Paulo, Avenida Doutor Arnaldo 715, São Paulo 01246-904, Brazil.
| | - Kevin Noel Keane
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Biosciences, Curtin University, Perth 6102, Australia.
| | - Rui Curi
- Interdisciplinary Post-Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Cruzeiro do Sul University, São Paulo 01506-000, Brazil.
| | - Philip Newsholme
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Biosciences, Curtin University, Perth 6102, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Resistance training and L-arginine supplementation are determinant in genomic stability, cardiac contractility and muscle mass development in rats. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0204858. [PMID: 30261076 PMCID: PMC6160175 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0204858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
L-arginine supplementation has been related to increased maximum strength and improvement of hemodynamic parameters in several diseases. The aim of our study was to evaluate the effect of L-arginine supplementation and resistance training on muscle mass, hemodynamic function and DNA damage in healthy rats subjected to a low-arginine concentration diet. Twenty three Wistar rats (290-320g) were divided into 4 groups: Sedentary (SED-Arg, n = 6), Sedentary+Arg (SED+Arg, n = 6), Resistance Training (RT-Arg, n = 5), Resistance Training+Arg (RT+Arg, n = 6). Trained animals performed resistance training protocol in a squat apparatus adapted for rats (4 sets of 10–12 repetitions, 90s of interval, 4x/week, 65–75% of One Maximum Repetition, for 8 weeks). Comet assay was performed to measure DNA damage in leukocytes. The resistance training induced higher muscle mass in trained groups. The L-arginine supplementation increased both gastrocnemius and left ventricle to body mass ratio and increased left ventricle contractility without changing hemodynamic variables. The SED+Arg group showed higher concentration of extracellular heat shock protein 72 (eHSP72) and total testosterone, as well as lower uric acid concentration in blood versus SED-Arg group. The administration of isolated L-arginine supplementation and its association with resistance training promoted less damage in leukocytes DNA. In conclusion, the L-arginine supplementation showed synergistic effect with resistance training regarding leukocyte genomic stability in a low-L-arginine diet scenario.
Collapse
|
28
|
Gao L, Yuan Z, Yu S, Yang Y, Li Y, He C. Genome-wide identification of HSP70/110 genes in sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus and comparative analysis of their involvement in aestivation. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY D-GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2018; 28:162-171. [PMID: 30265919 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2018.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Revised: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
HSP70/110s are a subgroup of heat shock proteins and play crucial roles in protein homeostasis. HSP70/110s can enhance cell survival in response to a multitude of stressful stimuli, of which the most studied one is heat stress. To perform a systematic study of HSP70/110s in sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus, 15 HSP70/110 genes, including 13 HSP70s and two HSP110s, were identified and characterized from the transcriptome and genome of sea cucumber. Moderate expansion and conserved structure were found by the phylogenetic and syntenic analysis. Differential expression patterns of HSP70/110s were observed in adult individuals during aestivation, with the comparison of juvenile individuals without aestivation in chronic heat stress. Tissue-specific expression profiles were found both in adult and juvenile individuals, which might indicate that the functional tissues (intestine and respiratory tree) could be restored to normal physiological activity prior to protecting and sporting tissues (body wall and muscle). Differential expression profiles were also observed between the adult and juvenile individuals, which was mainly due to the hypometabolism in aestivation. Taken together, tissue-specific pattern and individual-specific pattern were observed in the HSP70/110 expression profiles in sea cucumber during aestivation. These findings could provide early insight into the involvement of HSP70/110s in the aestivation of marine invertebrate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Gao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Fishery Molecular Biology of Liaoning Province, Liaoning Ocean and Fisheries Science Research Institute, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China.
| | - Zihao Yuan
- The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Simeng Yu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Fishery Molecular Biology of Liaoning Province, Liaoning Ocean and Fisheries Science Research Institute, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China
| | - Yujia Yang
- The Fish Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, Aquatic Genomics Unit, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Yunfeng Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Fishery Molecular Biology of Liaoning Province, Liaoning Ocean and Fisheries Science Research Institute, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China
| | - Chongbo He
- Key Laboratory of Marine Fishery Molecular Biology of Liaoning Province, Liaoning Ocean and Fisheries Science Research Institute, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Miragem AA, Homem de Bittencourt PI. Nitric oxide-heat shock protein axis in menopausal hot flushes: neglected metabolic issues of chronic inflammatory diseases associated with deranged heat shock response. Hum Reprod Update 2018; 23:600-628. [PMID: 28903474 DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dmx020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although some unequivocal underlying mechanisms of menopausal hot flushes have been demonstrated in animal models, the paucity of similar approaches in humans impedes further mechanistic outcomes. Human studies might show some as yet unexpected physiological mechanisms of metabolic adaptation that permeate the phase of decreased oestrogen levels in both symptomatic and asymptomatic women. This is particularly relevant because both the severity and time span of hot flushes are associated with increased risk of chronic inflammatory disease. On the other hand, oestrogen induces the expression of heat shock proteins of the 70 kDa family (HSP70), which are anti-inflammatory and cytoprotective protein chaperones, whose expression is modulated by different types of physiologically stressful situations, including heat stress and exercise. Therefore, lower HSP70 expression secondary to oestrogen deficiency increases cardiovascular risk and predisposes the patient to senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) that culminates in chronic inflammatory diseases, such as obesities, type 2 diabetes, neuromuscular and neurodegenerative diseases. OBJECTIVE AND RATIONALE This review focuses on HSP70 and its accompanying heat shock response (HSR), which is an anti-inflammatory and antisenescent pathway whose intracellular triggering is also oestrogen-dependent via nitric oxide (NO) production. The main goal of the manuscript was to show that the vasomotor symptoms that accompany hot flushes may be a disguised clue for important neuroendocrine alterations linking oestrogen deficiency to the anti-inflammatory HSR. SEARCH METHODS Results from our own group and recent evidence on hypothalamic control of central temperature guided a search on PubMed and Google Scholar websites. OUTCOMES Oestrogen elicits rapid production of the vasodilatory gas NO, a powerful activator of HSP70 expression. Whence, part of the protective effects of oestrogen over cardiovascular and neuroendocrine systems is tied to its capacity of inducing the NO-elicited HSR. The hypothalamic areas involved in thermoregulation (infundibular nucleus in humans and arcuate nucleus in other mammals) and whose neurons are known to have their function altered after long-term oestrogen ablation, particularly kisspeptin-neurokinin B-dynorphin neurons, (KNDy) are the same that drive neuroprotective expression of HSP70 and, in many cases, this response is via NO even in the absence of oestrogen. From thence, it is not illogical that hot flushes might be related to an evolutionary adaptation to re-equip the NO-HSP70 axis during the downfall of circulating oestrogen. WIDER IMPLICATIONS Understanding of HSR could shed light on yet uncovered mechanisms of menopause-associated diseases as well as on possible manipulation of HSR in menopausal women through physiological, pharmacological, nutraceutical and prebiotic interventions. Moreover, decreased HSR indices (that can be clinically determined with ease) in perimenopause could be of prognostic value in predicting the moment and appropriateness of starting a HRT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antônio Azambuja Miragem
- Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Department of Physiology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Sarmento Leite 500, ICBS, 2nd Floor, Suite 350, Porto Alegre, RS 90050-170, Brazil.,Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology 'Farroupilha', Rua Uruguai 1675, Santa Rosa, RS 98900-000, Brazil
| | - Paulo Ivo Homem de Bittencourt
- Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Department of Physiology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Sarmento Leite 500, ICBS, 2nd Floor, Suite 350, Porto Alegre, RS 90050-170, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Exercise Training under Exposure to Low Levels of Fine Particulate Matter: Effects on Heart Oxidative Stress and Extra-to-Intracellular HSP70 Ratio. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:9067875. [PMID: 29387296 PMCID: PMC5745714 DOI: 10.1155/2017/9067875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) promotes heart oxidative stress (OS) and evokes anti-inflammatory responses observed by increased intracellular 70 kDa heat shock proteins (iHSP70). Furthermore, PM2.5 increases the levels of these proteins in extracellular fluids (eHSP70), which have proinflammatory roles. We investigated whether moderate and high intensity training under exposure to low levels of PM2.5 modifies heart OS and the eHSP70 to iHSP70 ratio (H-index), a biomarker of inflammatory status. Male mice (n = 32), 30 days old, were divided into six groups for 12 weeks: control (CON), moderate (MIT) and high intensity training (HIT), exposure to 5 μg of PM2.5 daily (PM2.5), and moderate and high intensity training exposed to PM2.5 (MIT + PM2.5 and HIT + PM2.5 groups). The CON and PM2.5 groups remained sedentary. The MIT + PM2.5 group showed higher heart lipid peroxidation levels than the MIT and PM2.5 groups. HIT and HIT + PM2.5 showed higher heart lipid peroxidation levels and lower eHSP70 and H-index levels compared to sedentary animals. No alterations were found in heart antioxidant enzyme activity or iHSP70 levels. Moderate exercise training under exposure to low levels of PM2.5 induces heart OS but does not modify eHSP70 to iHSP70 ratio (H-index). High intensity exercise training promotes anti-inflammatory profile despite exposure to low levels of PM2.5.
Collapse
|
31
|
Todorović N, Filipović D. The antidepressant- and anxiolytic-like effects of fluoxetine and clozapine in chronically isolated rats involve inhibition of hippocampal TNF-α. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2017; 163:57-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2017.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Revised: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
|
32
|
Gmiat A, Micielska K, Kozłowska M, Flis D, Smaruj M, Kujach S, Jaworska J, Lipińska P, Ziemann E. The impact of a single bout of high intensity circuit training on myokines' concentrations and cognitive functions in women of different age. Physiol Behav 2017; 179:290-297. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2017.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Revised: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
33
|
Njemini R, Forti LN, Mets T, Van Roie E, Coudyzer W, Beyer I, Delecluse C, Bautmans I. Sex difference in the heat shock response to high external load resistance training in older humans. Exp Gerontol 2017; 93:46-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2017.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2016] [Revised: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
|
34
|
Heck TG, Scomazzon SP, Nunes PR, Schöler CM, da Silva GS, Bittencourt A, Faccioni-Heuser MC, Krause M, Bazotte RB, Curi R, Homem de Bittencourt PI. Acute exercise boosts cell proliferation and the heat shock response in lymphocytes: correlation with cytokine production and extracellular-to-intracellular HSP70 ratio. Cell Stress Chaperones 2017; 22:271-291. [PMID: 28251488 PMCID: PMC5352601 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-017-0771-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Revised: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Exercise stimulates immune responses, but the appropriate "doses" for such achievements are unsettled. Conversely, in metabolic tissues, exercise improves the heat shock (HS) response, a universal cytoprotective response to proteostasis challenges that are centred on the expression of the 70-kDa family of intracellular heat shock proteins (iHSP70), which are anti-inflammatory. Concurrently, exercise triggers the export of HSP70 towards the extracellular milieu (eHSP70), where they work as pro-inflammatory cytokines. As the HS response is severely compromised in chronic degenerative diseases of inflammatory nature, we wondered whether acute exercise bouts of different intensities could alter the HS response of lymphocytes from secondary lymphoid organs and whether this would be related to immunoinflammatory responses. Adult male Wistar rats swam for 20 min at low, moderate, high or strenuous intensities as per an overload in tail base. Controls remained at rest under the same conditions. Afterwards, mesenteric lymph node lymphocytes were assessed for the potency of the HS response (42 °C for 2 h), NF-κB binding activity, mitogen-stimulated proliferation and cytokine production. Exercise stimulated cell proliferation in an "inverted-U" fashion peaking at moderate load, which was paralleled by suppression of NF-κB activation and nuclear location, and followed by enhanced HS response in relation to non-exercised animals. Comparative levels of eHSP70 to iHSP70 (H-index) matched IL-2/IL-10 ratios. We conclude that exercise, in a workload-dependent way, stimulates immunoinflammatory performance of lymphocytes of tissues far from the circulation and this is associated with H-index of stress response, which is useful to assess training status and immunosurveillance balance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thiago Gomes Heck
- Physiology Research Group, Department of Life Sciences, Postgraduate Program in Integral Attention to Health, Regional University of the Northwestern Rio Grande do Sul State, Rua do Comércio, 3000, Ijuí, RS, 98700-000, Brazil.
- Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Sarmento Leite, 500 2nd floor, suite 350 lab 02, Porto Alegre, RS, 90050-170, Brazil.
| | - Sofia Pizzato Scomazzon
- Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Sarmento Leite, 500 2nd floor, suite 350 lab 02, Porto Alegre, RS, 90050-170, Brazil
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Patrícia Renck Nunes
- Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Sarmento Leite, 500 2nd floor, suite 350 lab 02, Porto Alegre, RS, 90050-170, Brazil
| | - Cinthia Maria Schöler
- Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Sarmento Leite, 500 2nd floor, suite 350 lab 02, Porto Alegre, RS, 90050-170, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Stumpf da Silva
- Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Sarmento Leite, 500 2nd floor, suite 350 lab 02, Porto Alegre, RS, 90050-170, Brazil
| | - Aline Bittencourt
- Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Sarmento Leite, 500 2nd floor, suite 350 lab 02, Porto Alegre, RS, 90050-170, Brazil
| | - Maria Cristina Faccioni-Heuser
- Department of Morphological Sciences, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Mauricio Krause
- Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Sarmento Leite, 500 2nd floor, suite 350 lab 02, Porto Alegre, RS, 90050-170, Brazil
| | - Roberto Barbosa Bazotte
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, State University of Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Rui Curi
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, 05508-900, Brazil
- Institute of Physical Activity Sciences and Sports, Cruzeiro do Sul University, Rua Galvão Bueno, 868 - 13° Andar, Bloco B, Sala 1302, Liberdade, São Paulo, SP, 01506-000, Brazil
| | - Paulo Ivo Homem de Bittencourt
- Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Sarmento Leite, 500 2nd floor, suite 350 lab 02, Porto Alegre, RS, 90050-170, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Leite JSM, Cruzat VF, Krause M, Homem de Bittencourt PI. Physiological regulation of the heat shock response by glutamine: implications for chronic low-grade inflammatory diseases in age-related conditions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1186/s41110-016-0021-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
|
36
|
Myokines in Response to a Tournament Season among Young Tennis Players. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 2016:1460892. [PMID: 27652258 PMCID: PMC5019860 DOI: 10.1155/2016/1460892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Revised: 07/23/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The study investigated changes in myokines, heat shock proteins, and growth factors in highly ranked, young, male tennis players in response to physical workload during the competitive season and their potential correlations with match scores. Blood collections were carried out at the beginning, the midpoint, and the end of the tournament season. Data analysis revealed a significant increase in interleukin 6 and its inverse correlation with the number of lost games (r = -0.45; 90% CI -0.06 to 0.77). Neither the irisin nor BDNF level changed notably, yet delta changes of irisin across the season significantly correlated with the number of games won. The concentration of HSP27 recorded a small increase (31.2%; 90% CI 10.7 to 55.5, most likely). A negative correlation was noted between IGF-1 and HSP27 concentration at baseline (-0.70 very high; 90% CI -0.89 to -0.31, very likely). At the end of the season IGF-1 correlated positively with the number of games won (r = 0.37 moderate, 90% CI -0.16 to 0.73, likely) but negatively with the number of games lost (r = -0.39, 90% CI -0.14 to -0.74, likely). In conclusion our data indicated that Il-6, irisin, and growth factor IGF-1 may modify overall performance during a long lasting season, expressed in the amount of games won or lost.
Collapse
|
37
|
Modulation of rat monocyte/macrophage innate functions by increasing intensities of swimming exercise is associated with heat shock protein status. Mol Cell Biochem 2016; 421:111-25. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-016-2791-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 08/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
|
38
|
Fine particulate matter potentiates type 2 diabetes development in high-fat diet-treated mice: stress response and extracellular to intracellular HSP70 ratio analysis. J Physiol Biochem 2016; 72:643-656. [PMID: 27356529 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-016-0503-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) air pollution is a risk factor for type 2 diabetes (T2DM). We argue whether the potentiating effect of PM2.5 over the development of T2DM in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice would be related to modification in cell stress response, particularly in antioxidant defenses and 70-kDa heat shock proteins (HSP70) status. Male mice were fed standard chow or HFD for 12 weeks and then randomly exposed to daily nasotropic instillation of PM2.5 for additional 12 weeks under the same diet schedule, divided into four groups (n = 14-15 each): Control, PM2.5, HFD, and HFD + PM2.5 were evaluated biometric and metabolic profiles of mice, and cellular stress response (antioxidant defense and HSP70 status) of metabolic tissues. Extracellular to intracellular HSP70 ratio ([eHSP72]/[iHSP70]), viz. H-index, was then calculated. HFD + PM2.5 mice presented a positive correlation between adiposity, increased body weight and glucose intolerance, and increased glucose and triacylglycerol plasma levels. Pancreas exhibited lower iHSP70 expression, accompanied by 3.7-fold increase in the plasma to pancreas [eHSP72]/[iHSP70] ratio. Exposure to PM2.5 markedly potentiated metabolic dysfunction in HFD-treated mice and promoted relevant alteration in cell stress response assessed by [eHSP72]/[iHSP70], a relevant biomarker of chronic low-grade inflammatory state and T2DM risk.
Collapse
|
39
|
Radons J. The human HSP70 family of chaperones: where do we stand? Cell Stress Chaperones 2016; 21:379-404. [PMID: 26865365 PMCID: PMC4837186 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-016-0676-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 353] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Revised: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The 70-kDa heat shock protein (HSP70) family of molecular chaperones represents one of the most ubiquitous classes of chaperones and is highly conserved in all organisms. Members of the HSP70 family control all aspects of cellular proteostasis such as nascent protein chain folding, protein import into organelles, recovering of proteins from aggregation, and assembly of multi-protein complexes. These chaperones augment organismal survival and longevity in the face of proteotoxic stress by enhancing cell viability and facilitating protein damage repair. Extracellular HSP70s have a number of cytoprotective and immunomodulatory functions, the latter either in the context of facilitating the cross-presentation of immunogenic peptides via major histocompatibility complex (MHC) antigens or in the context of acting as "chaperokines" or stimulators of innate immune responses. Studies have linked the expression of HSP70s to several types of carcinoma, with Hsp70 expression being associated with therapeutic resistance, metastasis, and poor clinical outcome. In malignantly transformed cells, HSP70s protect cells from the proteotoxic stress associated with abnormally rapid proliferation, suppress cellular senescence, and confer resistance to stress-induced apoptosis including protection against cytostatic drugs and radiation therapy. All of the cellular activities of HSP70s depend on their adenosine-5'-triphosphate (ATP)-regulated ability to interact with exposed hydrophobic surfaces of proteins. ATP hydrolysis and adenosine diphosphate (ADP)/ATP exchange are key events for substrate binding and Hsp70 release during folding of nascent polypeptides. Several proteins that bind to distinct subdomains of Hsp70 and consequently modulate the activity of the chaperone have been identified as HSP70 co-chaperones. This review focuses on the regulation, function, and relevance of the molecular Hsp70 chaperone machinery to disease and its potential as a therapeutic target.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jürgen Radons
- Scientific Consulting International, Mühldorfer Str. 64, 84503, Altötting, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Leite JSM, Raizel R, Hypólito TM, Rosa TDS, Cruzat VF, Tirapegui J. l-glutamine and l-alanine supplementation increase glutamine-glutathione axis and muscle HSP-27 in rats trained using a progressive high-intensity resistance exercise. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2016; 41:842-849. [PMID: 27447686 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2016-0049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
In this study we investigated the chronic effects of oral l-glutamine and l-alanine supplementation, either in their free or dipeptide form, on glutamine-glutathione (GLN-GSH) axis and cytoprotection mediated by HSP-27 in rats submitted to resistance exercise (RE). Forty Wistar rats were distributed into 5 groups: sedentary; trained (CTRL); and trained supplemented with l-alanyl-l-glutamine, l-glutamine and l-alanine in their free form (GLN+ALA), or free l-alanine (ALA). All trained animals were submitted to a 6-week ladder-climbing protocol. Supplementations were offered in a 4% drinking water solution for 21 days prior to euthanasia. Plasma glutamine, creatine kinase (CK), myoglobin (MYO), and erythrocyte concentration of reduced GSH and glutathione disulfide (GSSG) were measured. In tibialis anterior skeletal muscle, GLN-GSH axis, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), and the expression of heat shock factor 1 (HSF-1), 27-kDa heat shock protein (HSP-27), and glutamine synthetase were determined. In CRTL animals, high-intensity RE reduced muscle glutamine levels and increased GSSG/GSH rate and TBARS, as well as augmented plasma CK and MYO levels. Conversely, l-glutamine-supplemented animals showed an increase in plasma and muscle levels of glutamine, with a reduction in GSSG/GSH rate, TBARS, and CK. Free l-alanine administration increased plasma glutamine concentration and lowered muscle TBARS. HSF-1 and HSP-27 were high in all supplemented groups when compared with CTRL (p < 0.05). The results presented herein demonstrate that l-glutamine supplemented with l-alanine, in both a free or dipeptide form, improve the GLN-GSH axis and promote cytoprotective effects in rats submitted to high-intensity RE training.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jaqueline Santos Moreira Leite
- a Department of Food Science and Experimental Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, CEP 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Raquel Raizel
- a Department of Food Science and Experimental Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, CEP 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Thaís Menezes Hypólito
- a Department of Food Science and Experimental Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, CEP 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Thiago Dos Santos Rosa
- b Graduate Program of Physical Education and Health, Catholic University of Brasília, Brasília, CEP 71966-700, Brazil
| | - Vinicius Fernandes Cruzat
- c Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, CEP 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Julio Tirapegui
- a Department of Food Science and Experimental Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, CEP 05508-000, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Setkowicz Z, Kosonowska E, Kaczyńska M, Gzieło-Jurek K, Janeczko K. Physical training decreases susceptibility to pilocarpine-induced seizures in the injured rat brain. Brain Res 2016; 1642:20-32. [PMID: 26972533 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2016.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2015] [Revised: 01/27/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
There is growing evidence that physical activity ameliorates the course of epilepsy in animal models as well as in clinical conditions. Since traumatic brain injury is one of the strongest determinants of epileptogenesis, the present study focuses on the question whether a moderate long-term physical training can decrease susceptibility to seizures evoked following brain damage. Wistar rats received a mechanical brain injury and were subjected to daily running sessions on a treadmill for 21 days. Thereafter, seizures were induced by pilocarpine injections in trained and non-trained, control groups. During the acute period of status epilepticus, the intensity of seizures was assessed within the six-hour observation period. The trained rats showed considerable amelioration of pilocarpine-induced motor symptoms when compared with their non-trained counterparts. Histological investigations of effects of the brain injury and of physical training detected significant quantitative changes in parvalbumin-, calretinin- and NPY-immunopositive neuronal populations. Some of the injury-induced changes, especially those shoved by parvalbumin-immunopositive neurons, were abolished by the subsequent physical training procedure and could, therefore, be considered as neuronal correlates of the observed functional amelioration of the injured brain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zuzanna Setkowicz
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Institute of Zoology, Jagiellonian University, 9 Gronostajowa St., 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Emilia Kosonowska
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Institute of Zoology, Jagiellonian University, 9 Gronostajowa St., 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Kaczyńska
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Institute of Zoology, Jagiellonian University, 9 Gronostajowa St., 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Kinga Gzieło-Jurek
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Institute of Zoology, Jagiellonian University, 9 Gronostajowa St., 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Janeczko
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Institute of Zoology, Jagiellonian University, 9 Gronostajowa St., 30-387 Kraków, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Effects of transport distance, lairage time and stunning efficiency on cortisol, glucose, HSPA1A and how they relate with meat quality in cattle. Meat Sci 2016; 117:89-96. [PMID: 26967002 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2016.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2015] [Revised: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This study determined the effects of distance travelled, lairage duration and number of stunning shots on the plasma levels of bovine heat shock protein 70 (HSPA1A), cortisol (CORT) and glucose (GLU) and their relationship with beef quality. There were positive correlations among HSPA1A, GLU, CORT, a*, b* and the HUE angle. Animals that were stunned more than once had the highest HSPA1A (13.61±2.874ng/ml) and CORT (109.36±8.373nmol/L) levels. Animals that travelled for 200<400km had lower HSPA1A expression (8.29±2.026ng/ml) than those that were transported for 400<800km (12.11±2.548ng/ml) and <200km (17.32±2.362ng/ml). Lairage duration affected (P<0.05) the expression of HSPA1A, GLU and CORT levels. Animals stunned more than once had elevated CORT and HSPA1A levels. HSPA1A, CORT and GLU were related to beef quality. Stunning of animals more than once increased the levels of blood CORT and HSPA1A.
Collapse
|
43
|
Murase Y, Shimizu K, Tanimura Y, Hanaoka Y, Watanabe K, Kono I, Miyakawa S. Salivary extracellular heat shock protein 70 (eHSP70) levels increase after 59 min of intense exercise and correlate with resting salivary secretory immunoglobulin A (SIgA) levels at rest. Cell Stress Chaperones 2016; 21:261-9. [PMID: 26608509 PMCID: PMC4786527 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-015-0656-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Revised: 10/20/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to identify the response of a salivary stress protein, extracellular heat shock protein (eHSP70), to intense exercise and to investigate the relationship between salivary eHSP70 and salivary immunoglobulin A (SIgA) levels in response to exercise. Sixteen healthy sedentary young males (means ± SD 23.8 ± 1.5 years, 172.2 ± 6.4 cm, 68.3 ± 7.4 kg) performed 59 min of cycling exercise at 75% VO2max. Saliva and whole blood samples were collected before (Pre), immediately after (Post), and at 1, 2, 3, and 4 h after completion of the exercise (1, 2, 3, and 4 h). The salivary eHSP70 and SIgA levels were measured by enzyme-linked imunosorbent assay (ELISA), and the secretion rates were computed by multiplying the concentration by the saliva flow rate. White blood cells were analyzed using an automated cell counter with a direct-current detection system. The salivary eHSP70 secretion rates were 1.11 ± 0.86, 1.51 ± 1.47, 1.57 ± 1.32, 2.21 ± 2.04, 3.36 ± 2.72, and 6.89 ± 4.02 ng · min(-1) at Pre, Post, and 1, 2, 3, and 4 h, respectively. The salivary eHSP70 secretion rate was significantly higher at 4 h than that at Pre, Post, 1, and 3 h (p < 0.05). The SIgA secretion rates were 26.9 ± 12.6, 20.3 ± 10.4, 19.6 ± 11.0, 21.8 ± 12.8, 21.5 ± 11.9, and 21.9 ± 11.7 μg · min(-1) at Pre, Post, 1, 2, 3, and 4 h, respectively. The salivary SIgA secretion rate was significantly lower between 1 and 4 h than that at Pre (p < 0.05). There was a positive correlation between salivary eHSP70 and SIgA in both concentration and secretion rates before exercise (p < 0.05). The absolute number of white blood cells significantly increased after exercise, with a maximum at 2 h (p < 0.05). The neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio was significantly increased from 1 to 4 h when compared with that in the Pre samples (p < 0.05). The present study revealed that salivary eHSP70 significantly increased at 4 h after the 59 min of intense exercise in sedentary male subjects. Exercise stress can induce elevated salivary eHSP70 level and upregulate oral immune function partially.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yosuke Murase
- Department of Health Care and Sports, Faculty of Human Life Design, Toyo University, Oka 48-1, Asaka-Shi, Saitama, 351-8510, Japan.
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8577, Japan.
| | - Kazuhiro Shimizu
- Department of Sports Science, Japan Institute of Sports Sciences, 3-15-1 Nishigaoka, Kita-ku, Tokyo, 115-0056, Japan
- Sports Research & Development Core, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8577, Japan
| | - Yuko Tanimura
- Faculty of Human Studies, Aichi Toho University, 3-11 Heiwagaoka, Meitou-ku, Aichi, 465-8515, Japan
| | - Yukichi Hanaoka
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8577, Japan
| | - Koichi Watanabe
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8577, Japan
| | - Ichiro Kono
- University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8577, Japan
| | - Shumpei Miyakawa
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8577, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Fortifying the Treatment of Prostate Cancer with Physical Activity. Prostate Cancer 2016; 2016:9462975. [PMID: 26977321 PMCID: PMC4764749 DOI: 10.1155/2016/9462975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Revised: 01/06/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past decade, significant data have shown that obese men experience a survival detriment after treatment for prostate cancer. While methods to combat obesity are of utmost importance for the prostate cancer patient, newer data reveal the overall metabolic improvements that accompany increased activity levels and intense exercise beyond weight loss. Along these lines, a plethora of data have shown improvement in prostate cancer-specific outcomes after treatment accompanied with these activity levels. This review discusses the metabolic mechanisms in which increased activity levels and exercise can help improve both outcomes for men treated for prostate cancer while lowering the side effects of treatment.
Collapse
|
45
|
Henstridge DC, Febbraio MA, Hargreaves M. Heat shock proteins and exercise adaptations. Our knowledge thus far and the road still ahead. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2015; 120:683-91. [PMID: 26679615 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00811.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
By its very nature, exercise exerts a challenge to the body's cellular homeostatic mechanisms. This homeostatic challenge affects not only the contracting skeletal muscle but also a number of other organs and results over time in exercise-induced adaptations. Thus it is no surprise that heat shock proteins (HSPs), a group of ancient and highly conserved cytoprotective proteins critical in the maintenance of protein and cellular homeostasis, have been implicated in exercise/activity-induced adaptations. It has become evident that HSPs such as HSP72 are induced or activated with acute exercise or after chronic exercise training regimens. These observations have given scientists an insight into the protective mechanisms of these proteins and provided an opportunity to exploit their protective role to improve health and physical performance. Although our knowledge in this area of physiology has improved dramatically, many questions still remain unanswered. Further understanding of the role of HSPs in exercise physiology may prove beneficial for therapeutic targeting in diseased patient cohorts, exercise prescription for disease prevention, and training strategies for elite athletes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Darren C Henstridge
- Cellular & Molecular Metabolism Laboratory, Division of Metabolism and Obesity, Baker IDI Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia;
| | - Mark A Febbraio
- Cellular & Molecular Metabolism Laboratory, Division of Metabolism and Obesity, Baker IDI Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Division of Diabetes & Metabolism, The Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Sydney, Australia; and
| | - Mark Hargreaves
- Department of Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Périard JD, Ruell PA, Thompson MW, Caillaud C. Moderate- and high-intensity exhaustive exercise in the heat induce a similar increase in monocyte Hsp72. Cell Stress Chaperones 2015; 20:1037-42. [PMID: 26264882 PMCID: PMC4595430 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-015-0631-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2015] [Revised: 07/26/2015] [Accepted: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
This study examined the relationship between exhaustive exercise in the heat at moderate and high intensities on the intracellular heat shock protein 72 (iHsp72) response. Twelve male subjects cycled to exhaustion at 60 and 75% of maximal oxygen uptake in hot conditions (40 °C, 50% RH). iHsp72 concentration was measured in monocytes before, at exhaustion and 24 h after exercise. Rectal temperature, heart rate and oxygen uptake were recorded during exercise. Volitional exhaustion occurred at 58.9 ± 12.1 and 27.3 ± 9.5 min (P < 0.001) and a rectal temperature of 39.8 ± 0.4 and 39.2 ± 0.6 °C (P = 0.002), respectively, for 60 and 75 %. The area under the curve above a rectal temperature of 38.5 °C was greater at 60 % (17.5 ± 6.6 °C min) than 75 % (3.4 ± 4.8 °C min; P < 0.001), whereas the rate of increase in rectal temperature was greater at 75 % (5.1 ± 1.7 vs. 2.2 ± 1.4 °C h(-1); P < 0.001). iHsp72 concentration increased similarly at exhaustion relative to pre-exercise (P = 0.044) and then increased further at 24 h (P < 0.001). Multiple regression analysis revealed no predictor variables associated with iHsp72 expression; however, a correlation was observed between exercise intensities for the increase in iHsp expression at exhaustion and 24 h (P < 0.05). These results suggest that iHsp72 expression increased in relation to the level of hyperthermia attained and sustained at 60 % and the higher metabolic rate and greater rate of increase in core temperature at 75 %, with the further increase in iHsp72 concentration 24 h after exercise reinforcing its role as a chaperone and cytoprotective agent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J D Périard
- Athlete Health and Performance Research Centre, Aspetar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, PO Box 29222, Doha, Qatar.
- Exercise, Health and Performance Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Sydney, Lidcombe, Australia.
| | - P A Ruell
- Exercise, Health and Performance Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Sydney, Lidcombe, Australia
| | - M W Thompson
- Exercise, Health and Performance Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Sydney, Lidcombe, Australia
| | - C Caillaud
- Exercise, Health and Performance Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Sydney, Lidcombe, Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Qu B, Jia Y, Liu Y, Wang H, Ren G, Wang H. The detection and role of heat shock protein 70 in various nondisease conditions and disease conditions: a literature review. Cell Stress Chaperones 2015; 20:885-92. [PMID: 26139132 PMCID: PMC4595429 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-015-0618-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2015] [Revised: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 06/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
As an intracellular polypeptide, heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) can be exposed on the plasma membrane and/or released into the circulation. However, the role of HSP70 in various nondisease and disease conditions remains unknown. Quantitative methods for the detection of HSP70 have been used in clinical studies, revealing that an increase in circulating HSP70 is associated with various types of exercise, elderly patients presenting with inflammation, mobile phones, inflammation, sepsis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, carotid intima-media thickness, glutamine-treated ill patients, mortality, diabetes mellitus, active chronic glomerulonephritis, and cancers. Circulating HSP70 decreases with age in humans and in obstructive sleep apnea, arteriosclerosis, atrial fibrillation (AF) following coronary artery bypass surgery, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, moderate-to-severe alcoholic fatty liver disease, hepatic steatosis, and Helicobacter pylori infection. In conclusion, quantitative methods can be used to detect HSP70, particularly in determining circulating HSP70 levels, using more convenient and rapid screening methods. Studies have shown that changes in HSP70 are associated with various nondisease and disease conditions; thus, HSP70 might be a novel potential biomarker reflecting various nondisease conditions and also the severity of disease conditions. However, the reliability and accuracy, as well as the underlying mechanism, of this relationship remain poorly understood, and large-sample clinical research must be performed to verify the role.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Baoge Qu
- Internal Medicine, Taishan Hospital, No. 3 Tianwaicun Street, Taian City, Shandong, 271000, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yiguo Jia
- Internal Medicine, Taishan Hospital, No. 3 Tianwaicun Street, Taian City, Shandong, 271000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanxun Liu
- Internal Medicine, Taishan Hospital, No. 3 Tianwaicun Street, Taian City, Shandong, 271000, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Wang
- Internal Medicine, Taishan Hospital, No. 3 Tianwaicun Street, Taian City, Shandong, 271000, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangying Ren
- Internal Medicine, Taishan Hospital, No. 3 Tianwaicun Street, Taian City, Shandong, 271000, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Wang
- Internal Medicine, Taishan Hospital, No. 3 Tianwaicun Street, Taian City, Shandong, 271000, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Halperin I, Chapman DW, Behm DG. Non-local muscle fatigue: effects and possible mechanisms. Eur J Appl Physiol 2015; 115:2031-48. [DOI: 10.1007/s00421-015-3249-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Accepted: 08/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
|
49
|
Estrogen deprivation does not affect vascular heat shock response in female rats: a comparison with oxidative stress markers. Mol Cell Biochem 2015; 407:239-49. [PMID: 26045174 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-015-2472-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 05/30/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Hot flashes, which involve a tiny rise in core temperature, are the most common complaint of peri- and post-menopausal women, being tightly related to decrease in estrogen levels. On the other hand, estradiol (E2) induces the expression of HSP72, a member of the 70 kDa family of heat shock proteins (HSP70), which are cytoprotective, cardioprotective, and heat inducible. Since HSP70 expression is compromised in age-related inflammatory diseases, we argued whether the capacity of triggering a robust heat shock (HS) response would be still present after E2 withdrawal. Hence, we studied the effects of HS treatment (hot tub) in female Wistar rats subjected to bilateral ovariectomy (OVX) after a 7-day washout period. Twelve h after HS, the animals were killed and aortic arches were surgically excised for molecular analyses. The results were compared with oxidative stress markers in the plasma (superoxide dismutase, catalase, and lipoperoxidation) because HSP70 expression is also sensitive to redox regulation. Extracellular (plasma) to intracellular HSP70 ratio, an index of systemic inflammatory status, was also investigated. The results showed that HS response was preserved in OVX animals, as inferred from HSP70 expression (up to 40% rise, p < 0.01) in the aortas, which was accompanied by no further alterations in oxidative stress, hematological parameters, and glycemic control either. This suggests that the lack of estrogen per se could not be solely ascribed as the unique source of low HSP70 expression as observed in long-term post-menopausal individuals. As a consequence, periodic evaluation of HSP70 status (iHSP70 vs. eHSP70) may be of clinical relevance because decreased HS response capacity is at the center of the onset of menopause-related dysfunctions.
Collapse
|
50
|
Benini R, Nunes PRP, Orsatti CL, Portari GV, Orsatti FL. Influence of sex on cytokines, heat shock protein and oxidative stress markers in response to an acute total body resistance exercise protocol. J Exerc Sci Fit 2015; 13:1-7. [PMID: 29541092 PMCID: PMC5812867 DOI: 10.1016/j.jesf.2014.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2014] [Revised: 09/10/2014] [Accepted: 10/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE This study evaluated the influence of sex on changes in cytokines, heat shock proteins (HSPs), and oxidative stress in response to a single bout of total body resistance exercise. METHODS Sixteen healthy volunteers (8 men and 8 women), active and recreationally trained in resistance exercise, were subjected to a single bout of total body resistance exercise (3 × 8-10 repetition maximum, 10 exercises, rests periods of 90-120 seconds). Serum creatine kinase (CK), interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor-α, HSP60, HSP70, thiobarbituric acid reactive substance, and reduced glutathione were assessed at pre-protocol, and 1 hour, 4 hours, and 24 hours post-protocol. RESULTS Both men and women had a similar increase in CK (p < 0.05) activity at 24 hours post-exercise. Significant sex differences were observed for IL-6. In the men, an increase from baseline was noted at 1 hour for IL-6. In women, an increase from baseline was noted at 4 hours only for IL-6. There was a significant correlation between peak IL-6 blood level and CK level at 24 hours only in the women. No significant changes were observed in IL-10, tumor necrosis factor-α, HSP60, HSP70, thiobarbituric acid reactive substance, and reduced glutathione. CONCLUSION Acute total body resistance exercise altered circulating levels of IL-6 and sex differences existed in the temporal pattern and magnitude of this response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Benini
- Exercise Biology Research Group (BioEx), Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Paulo Ricardo Prado Nunes
- Exercise Biology Research Group (BioEx), Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Cláudio Lera Orsatti
- Exercise Biology Research Group (BioEx), Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Vannucchi Portari
- Exercise Biology Research Group (BioEx), Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Fábio Lera Orsatti
- Exercise Biology Research Group (BioEx), Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Department of Sport Sciences, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|