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Schmidt P, Vogel A, Schwarze B, Seufert F, Licha K, Wycisk V, Kilian W, Hildebrand PW, Mitschang L. Towards Probing Conformational States of Y2 Receptor Using Hyperpolarized 129Xe NMR. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28031424. [PMID: 36771089 PMCID: PMC9919357 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28031424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors can adopt many different conformational states, each of them exhibiting different restraints towards downstream signaling pathways. One promising strategy to identify and quantify this conformational landscape is to introduce a cysteine at a receptor site sensitive to different states and label this cysteine with a probe for detection. Here, the application of NMR of hyperpolarized 129Xe for the detection of the conformational states of human neuropeptide Y2 receptor is introduced. The xenon trapping cage molecule cryptophane-A attached to a cysteine in extracellular loop 2 of the receptor facilitates chemical exchange saturation transfer experiments without and in the presence of native ligand neuropeptide Y. High-quality spectra indicative of structural states of the receptor-cage conjugate were obtained. Specifically, five signals could be assigned to the conjugate in the apo form. After the addition of NPY, one additional signal and subtle modifications in the persisting signals could be detected. The correlation of the spectroscopic signals and structural states was achieved with molecular dynamics simulations, suggesting frequent contact between the xenon trapping cage and the receptor surface but a preferred interaction with the bound ligand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Schmidt
- Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Haertelstrasse 16-18, 04107 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Alexander Vogel
- Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Haertelstrasse 16-18, 04107 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Benedikt Schwarze
- Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Haertelstrasse 16-18, 04107 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Florian Seufert
- Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Haertelstrasse 16-18, 04107 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Kai Licha
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universitaet Berlin, Takustrasse 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Virginia Wycisk
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universitaet Berlin, Takustrasse 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Kilian
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt Braunschweig und Berlin (PTB), Abbestrasse 2-12, 10587 Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter W. Hildebrand
- Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Haertelstrasse 16-18, 04107 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Lorenz Mitschang
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt Braunschweig und Berlin (PTB), Abbestrasse 2-12, 10587 Berlin, Germany
- Correspondence:
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2
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Abstract
The use of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and spectroscopy (MRS) in the clinical setting enables the acquisition of valuable anatomical information in a rapid, non-invasive fashion. However, MRI applications for identifying disease-related biomarkers are limited due to low sensitivity at clinical magnetic field strengths. The development of hyperpolarized (hp) 129Xe MRI/MRS techniques as complements to traditional 1H-based imaging has been a burgeoning area of research over the past two decades. Pioneering experiments have shown that hp 129Xe can be encapsulated within host molecules to generate ultrasensitive biosensors. In particular, xenon has high affinity for cryptophanes, which are small organic cages that can be functionalized with affinity tags, fluorophores, solubilizing groups, and other moieties to identify biomedically relevant analytes. Cryptophane sensors designed for proteins, metal ions, nucleic acids, pH, and temperature have achieved nanomolar-to-femtomolar limits of detection via a combination of 129Xe hyperpolarization and chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) techniques. This review aims to summarize the development of cryptophane biosensors for 129Xe MRI applications, while highlighting innovative biosensor designs and the consequent enhancements in detection sensitivity, which will be invaluable in expanding the scope of 129Xe MRI. This review aims to summarize the development of cryptophane biosensors for 129Xe MRI applications, while highlighting innovative biosensor designs and the consequent enhancements in detection sensitivity, which will be invaluable in expanding the scope of 129Xe MRI.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Serge D Zemerov
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34 St., Philadelphia, PA 19104-6323, USA
| | - Ivan J Dmochowski
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34 St., Philadelphia, PA 19104-6323, USA
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3
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Abstract
Hyperpolarized noble gases have been used early on in applications for sensitivity enhanced NMR. 129Xe has been explored for various applications because it can be used beyond the gas-driven examination of void spaces. Its solubility in aqueous solutions and its affinity for hydrophobic binding pockets allows "functionalization" through combination with host structures that bind one or multiple gas atoms. Moreover, the transient nature of gas binding in such hosts allows the combination with another signal enhancement technique, namely chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST). Different systems have been investigated for implementing various types of so-called Xe biosensors where the gas binds to a targeted host to address molecular markers or to sense biophysical parameters. This review summarizes developments in biosensor design and synthesis for achieving molecular sensing with NMR at unprecedented sensitivity. Aspects regarding Xe exchange kinetics and chemical engineering of various classes of hosts for an efficient build-up of the CEST effect will also be discussed as well as the cavity design of host molecules to identify a pool of bound Xe. The concept is presented in the broader context of reporter design with insights from other modalities that are helpful for advancing the field of Xe biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Leif Schröder
- Molecular Imaging, Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), 13125 Berlin, Germany;
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4
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Pizzi A, Ozores HL, Calvelo M, García‐Fandiño R, Amorín M, Demitri N, Terraneo G, Bracco S, Comotti A, Sozzani P, Bezuidenhout CX, Metrangolo P, Granja JR. Tight Xenon Confinement in a Crystalline Sandwich‐like Hydrogen‐Bonded Dimeric Capsule of a Cyclic Peptide. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201906599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Pizzi
- Laboratory of Supramolecular and Bio-Nanomaterials, (SupraBioNanoLab) Department of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta” Politecnico di Milano 20131 Milano Italy
| | - Haxel Lionel Ozores
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CIQUS) and Departamento de Química Orgánica Universidad de Santiago de Compostela 15782 Santiago de Compostela Spain
| | - Martín Calvelo
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CIQUS) and Departamento de Química Orgánica Universidad de Santiago de Compostela 15782 Santiago de Compostela Spain
| | - Rebeca García‐Fandiño
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CIQUS) and Departamento de Química Orgánica Universidad de Santiago de Compostela 15782 Santiago de Compostela Spain
| | - Manuel Amorín
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CIQUS) and Departamento de Química Orgánica Universidad de Santiago de Compostela 15782 Santiago de Compostela Spain
| | - Nicola Demitri
- Elettra—Sincrotrone Trieste S.S. 14 Km 163.5 in Area Science Park 34149 Basovizza— Trieste Italy
| | - Giancarlo Terraneo
- Laboratory of Supramolecular and Bio-Nanomaterials, (SupraBioNanoLab) Department of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta” Politecnico di Milano 20131 Milano Italy
| | - Silvia Bracco
- Department of Materials Science University of Milano Bicocca Via R. Cozzi 55 20125 Milan Italy
| | - Angiolina Comotti
- Department of Materials Science University of Milano Bicocca Via R. Cozzi 55 20125 Milan Italy
| | - Piero Sozzani
- Department of Materials Science University of Milano Bicocca Via R. Cozzi 55 20125 Milan Italy
| | - Charl X. Bezuidenhout
- Department of Materials Science University of Milano Bicocca Via R. Cozzi 55 20125 Milan Italy
| | - Pierangelo Metrangolo
- Laboratory of Supramolecular and Bio-Nanomaterials, (SupraBioNanoLab) Department of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta” Politecnico di Milano 20131 Milano Italy
| | - Juan R. Granja
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CIQUS) and Departamento de Química Orgánica Universidad de Santiago de Compostela 15782 Santiago de Compostela Spain
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5
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Pizzi A, Ozores HL, Calvelo M, García‐Fandiño R, Amorín M, Demitri N, Terraneo G, Bracco S, Comotti A, Sozzani P, Bezuidenhout CX, Metrangolo P, Granja JR. Tight Xenon Confinement in a Crystalline Sandwich‐like Hydrogen‐Bonded Dimeric Capsule of a Cyclic Peptide. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:14472-14476. [PMID: 31418497 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201906599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Revised: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Pizzi
- Laboratory of Supramolecular and Bio-Nanomaterials, (SupraBioNanoLab) Department of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta” Politecnico di Milano 20131 Milano Italy
| | - Haxel Lionel Ozores
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CIQUS) and Departamento de Química Orgánica Universidad de Santiago de Compostela 15782 Santiago de Compostela Spain
| | - Martín Calvelo
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CIQUS) and Departamento de Química Orgánica Universidad de Santiago de Compostela 15782 Santiago de Compostela Spain
| | - Rebeca García‐Fandiño
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CIQUS) and Departamento de Química Orgánica Universidad de Santiago de Compostela 15782 Santiago de Compostela Spain
| | - Manuel Amorín
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CIQUS) and Departamento de Química Orgánica Universidad de Santiago de Compostela 15782 Santiago de Compostela Spain
| | - Nicola Demitri
- Elettra—Sincrotrone Trieste S.S. 14 Km 163.5 in Area Science Park 34149 Basovizza— Trieste Italy
| | - Giancarlo Terraneo
- Laboratory of Supramolecular and Bio-Nanomaterials, (SupraBioNanoLab) Department of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta” Politecnico di Milano 20131 Milano Italy
| | - Silvia Bracco
- Department of Materials Science University of Milano Bicocca Via R. Cozzi 55 20125 Milan Italy
| | - Angiolina Comotti
- Department of Materials Science University of Milano Bicocca Via R. Cozzi 55 20125 Milan Italy
| | - Piero Sozzani
- Department of Materials Science University of Milano Bicocca Via R. Cozzi 55 20125 Milan Italy
| | - Charl X. Bezuidenhout
- Department of Materials Science University of Milano Bicocca Via R. Cozzi 55 20125 Milan Italy
| | - Pierangelo Metrangolo
- Laboratory of Supramolecular and Bio-Nanomaterials, (SupraBioNanoLab) Department of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta” Politecnico di Milano 20131 Milano Italy
| | - Juan R. Granja
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CIQUS) and Departamento de Química Orgánica Universidad de Santiago de Compostela 15782 Santiago de Compostela Spain
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6
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Truxal AE, Cao L, Isaacs L, Wemmer DE, Pines A. Directly Functionalized Cucurbit[7]uril as a Biosensor for the Selective Detection of Protein Interactions by 129 Xe hyperCEST NMR. Chemistry 2019; 25:6108-6112. [PMID: 30868660 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201900610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Revised: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Advancement of hyperpolarized 129 Xe MRI technology toward clinical settings demonstrates the considerable interest in this modality for diagnostic imaging. The number of contrast agents, termed biosensors, for 129 Xe MRI that respond to specific biological targets, has grown and diversified. Directly functionalized xenon-carrying macrocycles, such as the large family of cryptophane-based biosensors, are good for localization-based imaging and provide contrast before and after binding events occur. Noncovalently functionalized constructs, such as cucurbituril- and cyclodextrin-based biosensors, benefit from commercial availability and optimal exchange dynamics for CEST imaging. In this work, we report the first directly functionalized cucurbituril used as a xenon biosensor. Biotinylated cucurbit[7]uril (btCB7) gives rise to a 129 Xe hyperCEST response at the unusual shift of δ=28 ppm when bound to its protein target with substantial CEST contrast. We posit that the observed chemical shift is due to the deformation of btCB7 upon binding to avidin, caused by proximity to the protein surface. Conformational searches and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations support this hypothesis. This construct combines the strengths of both families of biosensors, enables a multitude of biological targets through avidin conjugation, and demonstrates the advantages of functionalized cucurbituril-based biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Liping Cao
- Northwest University, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Xi'an, China
| | - Lyle Isaacs
- University of Maryland, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, College Park, MD, USA
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7
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Skinner JG, Menichetti L, Flori A, Dost A, Schmidt AB, Plaumann M, Gallagher FA, Hövener JB. Metabolic and Molecular Imaging with Hyperpolarised Tracers. Mol Imaging Biol 2018; 20:902-918. [PMID: 30120644 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-018-1265-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Since reaching the clinic, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has become an irreplaceable radiological tool because of the macroscopic information it provides across almost all organs and soft tissues within the human body, all without the need for ionising radiation. The sensitivity of MR, however, is too low to take full advantage of the rich chemical information contained in the MR signal. Hyperpolarisation techniques have recently emerged as methods to overcome the sensitivity limitations by enhancing the MR signal by many orders of magnitude compared to the thermal equilibrium, enabling a new class of metabolic and molecular X-nuclei based MR tracers capable of reporting on metabolic processes at the cellular level. These hyperpolarised (HP) tracers have the potential to elucidate the complex metabolic processes of many organs and pathologies, with studies so far focusing on the fields of oncology and cardiology. This review presents an overview of hyperpolarisation techniques that appear most promising for clinical use today, such as dissolution dynamic nuclear polarisation (d-DNP), parahydrogen-induced hyperpolarisation (PHIP), Brute force hyperpolarisation and spin-exchange optical pumping (SEOP), before discussing methods for tracer detection, emerging metabolic tracers and applications and progress in preclinical and clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Graham Skinner
- Department of Radiology, Medical Physics, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Luca Menichetti
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council (CNR), Pisa, Italy
- Fondazione CNR/Regione Toscana G. Monasterio, Pisa, Italy
| | - Alessandra Flori
- Fondazione CNR/Regione Toscana G. Monasterio, Pisa, Italy
- Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy
| | - Anna Dost
- Department of Radiology, Medical Physics, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Benjamin Schmidt
- Department of Radiology, Medical Physics, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Section Biomedical Imaging and MOIN CC, University Medical Center Schleswig Holstein, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Markus Plaumann
- Institute of Biometrics and Medical Informatics, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | | | - Jan-Bernd Hövener
- Section Biomedical Imaging and MOIN CC, University Medical Center Schleswig Holstein, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany.
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8
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Abstract
Cryptophane-based biosensors are promising agents for the ultrasensitive detection of biomedically relevant targets via 129Xe NMR. Dynamic light scattering revealed that cryptophanes form water-soluble aggregates tens to hundreds of nanometers in size. Acridine orange fluorescence quenching assays allowed quantitation of the aggregation state, with critical concentrations ranging from 200 nM to 600 nM, depending on the cryptophane species in solution. The addition of excess carbonic anhydrase (CA) protein target to a benzenesulfonamide-functionalized cryptophane biosensor (C8B) led to C8B disaggregation and produced the expected 1:1 C8B-CA complex. C8B showed higher affinity at 298 K for the cytoplasmic isozyme CAII than the extracellular CAXII isozyme, which is a biomarker of cancer. Using hyper-CEST NMR, we explored the role of stoichiometry in detecting these two isozymes. Under CA-saturating conditions, we observed that isozyme CAII produces a larger 129Xe NMR chemical shift change (δ = 5.9 ppm, relative to free biosensor) than CAXII (δ = 2.7 ppm), which indicates the strong potential for isozyme-specific detection. However, stoichiometry-dependent chemical shift data indicated that biosensor disaggregation contributes to the observed 129Xe NMR chemical shift change that is normally assigned to biosensor-target binding. Finally, we determined that monomeric cryptophane solutions improve hyper-CEST saturation contrast, which enables ultrasensitive detection of biosensor-protein complexes. These insights into cryptophane-solution behavior support further development of xenon biosensors, but will require reinterpretation of the data previously obtained for many water-soluble cryptophanes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serge D. Zemerov
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 S 34 St., Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Benjamin W. Roose
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 S 34 St., Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | | | | | - Ivan J. Dmochowski
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 S 34 St., Philadelphia, PA 19104
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9
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Demissie TB, Ruud K, Hansen JH. Cryptophanes for Methane and Xenon Encapsulation: A Comparative Density Functional Theory Study of Binding Properties and NMR Chemical Shifts. J Phys Chem A 2017; 121:9669-9677. [PMID: 29178799 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.7b10595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The host-guest chemistry of cryptophanes is an active research area because of its applications in sensor design, targeting small molecules and atoms in environmental and medical sciences. As such, the computational prediction of binding energies and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) properties of different cryptophane complexes are of interest to both theoreticians and experimentalists working in host-guest based sensor development. Herein we present a study of 10 known and some newly proposed cryptophanes using density functional theory (DFT) calculations. We benchmark the description of nonbonding interactions by different DFT functionals against spin-component-scaled, second-order Møller-Plesset theory (SCS-MP2) and predict novel host molecules with enhanced affinity toward methane and Xenon, two representative systems of high interest. We demonstrate the power and limitations of the different computational methods in describing the binding and NMR properties of these established and novel host systems. The results show the importance of including dispersion corrections in the DFT functionals. The overall analysis of the dispersion corrections indicated that results obtained from pure DFT functionals should be used cautiously when conclusions are drawn for molecular systems with considerable weak interactions. Proposed analogues of cryptophane-A, where the alkoxy bridges are replaced by alkyl chains, are predicted to display enhanced affinity toward both methane and Xenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taye B Demissie
- Hylleraas Centre for Quantum Molecular Sciences, Department of Chemistry, UiT The Arctic University of Norway , 9037 Tromsø, Norway.,Organic Chemistry Group, Department of Chemistry, UiT The Arctic University of Norway , 9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Kenneth Ruud
- Hylleraas Centre for Quantum Molecular Sciences, Department of Chemistry, UiT The Arctic University of Norway , 9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Jørn H Hansen
- Organic Chemistry Group, Department of Chemistry, UiT The Arctic University of Norway , 9037 Tromsø, Norway
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10
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Milanole G, Gao B, Mari E, Berthault P, Pieters G, Rousseau B. A Straightforward Access to Cyclotriveratrylene Analogues with C
1
Symmetry: Toward the Synthesis of Monofunctionalizable Cryptophanes. European J Org Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201701353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gaëlle Milanole
- SCBM; CEA; Université Paris-Saclay; 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette France
| | - Bo Gao
- SCBM; CEA; Université Paris-Saclay; 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette France
| | - Emilie Mari
- NIMBE; CEA; CNRS; Université Paris-Saclay; 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette France
| | - Patrick Berthault
- NIMBE; CEA; CNRS; Université Paris-Saclay; 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette France
| | - Grégory Pieters
- SCBM; CEA; Université Paris-Saclay; 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette France
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11
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Milanole G, Gao B, Paoletti A, Pieters G, Dugave C, Deutsch E, Rivera S, Law F, Perfettini JL, Mari E, Léonce E, Boutin C, Berthault P, Volland H, Fenaille F, Brotin T, Rousseau B. Bimodal fluorescence/ 129Xe NMR probe for molecular imaging and biological inhibition of EGFR in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Bioorg Med Chem 2017; 25:6653-6660. [PMID: 29150078 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2017.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Revised: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Although Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) is one of the main causes of cancer death, very little improvement has been made in the last decades regarding diagnosis and outcomes. In this study, a bimodal fluorescence/129Xe NMR probe containing a xenon host, a fluorescent moiety and a therapeutic antibody has been designed to target the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptors (EGFR) overexpressed in cancer cells. This biosensor shows high selectivity for the EGFR, and a biological activity similar to that of the antibody. It is detected with high specificity and high sensitivity (sub-nanomolar range) through hyperpolarized 129Xe NMR. This promising system should find important applications for theranostic use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaëlle Milanole
- SCBM, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Bo Gao
- SCBM, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | | | - Grégory Pieters
- SCBM, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | | | - Eric Deutsch
- INSERM 1030 Molecular Radiotherapy, Villejuif, France; Department of Radiation Oncology, Gustave-Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France; Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Sofia Rivera
- INSERM 1030 Molecular Radiotherapy, Villejuif, France; Department of Radiation Oncology, Gustave-Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France; Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.
| | - Frédéric Law
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Gustave-Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
| | - Jean-Luc Perfettini
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Gustave-Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
| | - Emilie Mari
- NIMBE, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Estelle Léonce
- NIMBE, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Céline Boutin
- NIMBE, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Patrick Berthault
- NIMBE, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
| | - Hervé Volland
- SPI, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | | | - Thierry Brotin
- Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 46, Allée D'Italie, 69364 Lyon cedex 07, France
| | - Bernard Rousseau
- SCBM, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
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12
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Berthault P, Boutin C, Léonce E, Jeanneau E, Brotin T. Role of the Methoxy Groups in Cryptophanes for Complexation of Xenon: Conformational Selection Evidence from 129
Xe-1
H NMR SPINOE Experiments. Chemphyschem 2017; 18:1561-1568. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201700266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Berthault
- NIMBE, CEA, CNRS; Université de Paris Saclay, CEA Saclay; 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette France
| | - Céline Boutin
- NIMBE, CEA, CNRS; Université de Paris Saclay, CEA Saclay; 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette France
| | - Estelle Léonce
- NIMBE, CEA, CNRS; Université de Paris Saclay, CEA Saclay; 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette France
| | - Erwann Jeanneau
- Centre de Diffractométrie Henri Longchambon; Université de Lyon 1; 5 rue la Doua 69100 Villeurbanne France
| | - Thierry Brotin
- Laboratoire de Chimie de L'ENS LYON (UMR 5182); Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon; 46, Allée D'Italie 69364 Lyon cedex 07 France
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13
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Barskiy DA, Coffey AM, Nikolaou P, Mikhaylov DM, Goodson BM, Branca RT, Lu GJ, Shapiro MG, Telkki VV, Zhivonitko VV, Koptyug IV, Salnikov OG, Kovtunov KV, Bukhtiyarov VI, Rosen MS, Barlow MJ, Safavi S, Hall IP, Schröder L, Chekmenev EY. NMR Hyperpolarization Techniques of Gases. Chemistry 2017; 23:725-751. [PMID: 27711999 PMCID: PMC5462469 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201603884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear spin polarization can be significantly increased through the process of hyperpolarization, leading to an increase in the sensitivity of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) experiments by 4-8 orders of magnitude. Hyperpolarized gases, unlike liquids and solids, can often be readily separated and purified from the compounds used to mediate the hyperpolarization processes. These pure hyperpolarized gases enabled many novel MRI applications including the visualization of void spaces, imaging of lung function, and remote detection. Additionally, hyperpolarized gases can be dissolved in liquids and can be used as sensitive molecular probes and reporters. This Minireview covers the fundamentals of the preparation of hyperpolarized gases and focuses on selected applications of interest to biomedicine and materials science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danila A Barskiy
- Department of Radiology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Physics, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center (VICC), Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science (VUIIS), Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Aaron M Coffey
- Department of Radiology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Physics, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center (VICC), Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science (VUIIS), Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Panayiotis Nikolaou
- Department of Radiology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Physics, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center (VICC), Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science (VUIIS), Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | | | - Boyd M Goodson
- Southern Illinois University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Materials Technology Center, Carbondale, IL, 62901, USA
| | - Rosa T Branca
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Biomedical Research Imaging Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - George J Lu
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
| | - Mikhail G Shapiro
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
| | | | - Vladimir V Zhivonitko
- International Tomography Center SB RAS, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova St. 2, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Igor V Koptyug
- International Tomography Center SB RAS, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova St. 2, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Oleg G Salnikov
- International Tomography Center SB RAS, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova St. 2, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Kirill V Kovtunov
- International Tomography Center SB RAS, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova St. 2, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Valerii I Bukhtiyarov
- Boreskov Institute of Catalysis SB RAS, 5 Acad. Lavrentiev Pr., 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Matthew S Rosen
- MGH/A.A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Boston, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Michael J Barlow
- Respiratory Medicine Department, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham Medical School, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Shahideh Safavi
- Respiratory Medicine Department, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham Medical School, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Ian P Hall
- Respiratory Medicine Department, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham Medical School, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Leif Schröder
- Molecular Imaging, Department of Structural Biology, Leibniz-Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), 13125, Berlin, Germany
| | - Eduard Y Chekmenev
- Department of Radiology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Physics, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center (VICC), Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science (VUIIS), Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
- Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991, Moscow, Russia
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14
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Abstract
Molecular systems that target analytes of interest and host spin-hyperpolarized xenon lead to powerful 129Xe NMR-based sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. Mari
- NIMBE
- CEA
- CNRS
- Université de Paris Saclay
- CEA Saclay
| | - P. Berthault
- NIMBE
- CEA
- CNRS
- Université de Paris Saclay
- CEA Saclay
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15
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Abstract
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Molecular imaging holds considerable promise for elucidating biological
processes in normal physiology as well as disease states, by determining
the location and relative concentration of specific molecules of interest.
Proton-based magnetic resonance imaging (1H MRI) is nonionizing
and provides good spatial resolution for clinical imaging but lacks
sensitivity for imaging low-abundance (i.e., submicromolar) molecular
markers of disease or environments with low proton densities. To address
these limitations, hyperpolarized (hp) 129Xe NMR spectroscopy
and MRI have emerged as attractive complementary methodologies. Hyperpolarized
xenon is nontoxic and can be readily delivered to patients via inhalation
or injection, and improved xenon hyperpolarization technology makes
it feasible to image the lungs and brain for clinical applications. In order to target hp 129Xe to biomolecular targets
of interest, the concept of “xenon biosensing” was first
proposed by a Berkeley team in 2001. The development of xenon biosensors
has since focused on modifying organic host molecules (e.g., cryptophanes)
via diverse conjugation chemistries and has brought about numerous
sensing applications including the detection of peptides, proteins,
oligonucleotides, metal ions, chemical modifications, and enzyme activity.
Moreover, the large (∼300 ppm) chemical shift window for hp 129Xe bound to host molecules in water makes possible the simultaneous
identification of multiple species in solution, that is, multiplexing.
Beyond hyperpolarization, a 106-fold signal enhancement
can be achieved through a technique known as hyperpolarized 129Xe chemical exchange saturation transfer (hyper-CEST), which shows
great potential to meet the sensitivity requirement in many applications. This Account highlights an expanded palette of hyper-CEST biosensors,
which now includes cryptophane and cucurbit[6]uril (CB[6]) small-molecule
hosts, as well as genetically encoded gas vesicles and single proteins.
In 2015, we reported picomolar detection of commercially available
CB[6] via hyper-CEST. Inspired by the versatile host–guest
chemistry of CB[6], our lab and others developed “turn-on”
strategies for CB[6]-hyper-CEST biosensing, demonstrating detection
of protein analytes in complex media and specific chemical events.
CB[6] is starting to be employed for in vivo imaging
applications. We also recently determined that TEM-1 β-lactamase
can function as a single-protein reporter for hyper-CEST and observed
useful saturation contrast for β-lactamase expressed in bacterial
and mammalian cells. These newly developed small-molecule and genetically
encoded xenon biosensors offer significant potential to extend the
scope of hp 129Xe toward molecular MRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfei Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South
34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Ivan J. Dmochowski
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South
34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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16
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Gomes MD, Dao P, Jeong K, Slack CC, Vassiliou CC, Finbloom JA, Francis MB, Wemmer DE, Pines A. 129Xe NMR Relaxation-Based Macromolecular Sensing. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:9747-50. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b02758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Muller D. Gomes
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Phuong Dao
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Keunhong Jeong
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Clancy C. Slack
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | | | - Joel A. Finbloom
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Matthew B. Francis
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - David E. Wemmer
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Physical
Biosciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Alexander Pines
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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17
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Truxal AE, Slack CC, Gomes MD, Vassiliou CC, Wemmer DE, Pines A. Nondisruptive Dissolution of Hyperpolarized
129
Xe into Viscous Aqueous and Organic Liquid Crystalline Environments. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201511539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ashley E. Truxal
- Department of Chemistry University of California Berkeley CA 94720-1460 USA
- Material Science Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley CA 94720-1460 USA
| | - Clancy C. Slack
- Department of Chemistry University of California Berkeley CA 94720-1460 USA
- Material Science Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley CA 94720-1460 USA
| | - Muller D. Gomes
- Department of Chemistry University of California Berkeley CA 94720-1460 USA
- Material Science Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley CA 94720-1460 USA
| | - Christophoros C. Vassiliou
- Department of Chemistry University of California Berkeley CA 94720-1460 USA
- Material Science Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley CA 94720-1460 USA
| | - David E. Wemmer
- Department of Chemistry University of California Berkeley CA 94720-1460 USA
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley CA 94720-1460 USA
| | - Alexander Pines
- Department of Chemistry University of California Berkeley CA 94720-1460 USA
- Material Science Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley CA 94720-1460 USA
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18
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Truxal AE, Slack CC, Gomes MD, Vassiliou CC, Wemmer DE, Pines A. Nondisruptive Dissolution of Hyperpolarized (129)Xe into Viscous Aqueous and Organic Liquid Crystalline Environments. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:4666-70. [PMID: 26954536 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201511539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Revised: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Studies of hyperpolarized xenon-129 (hp-(129)Xe) in media such as liquid crystals and cell suspensions are in demand for applications ranging from biomedical imaging to materials engineering but have been hindered by the inability to bubble Xe through the desired media as a result of viscosity or perturbations caused by bubbles. Herein a device is reported that can be reliably used to dissolve hp-(129)Xe into viscous aqueous and organic samples without bubbling. This method is robust, requires small sample volumes (<60 μL), is compatible with existing NMR hardware, and is made from readily available materials. Experiments show that Xe can be introduced into viscous and aligned media without disrupting molecular order. We detected dissolved xenon in an aqueous liquid crystal that is disrupted by the shear forces of bubbling, and we observed liquid-crystal phase transitions in (MBBA). This tool allows an entirely new class of samples to be investigated by hyperpolarized-gas NMR spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley E Truxal
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720-1460, USA.,Material Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720-1460, USA
| | - Clancy C Slack
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720-1460, USA.,Material Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720-1460, USA
| | - Muller D Gomes
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720-1460, USA.,Material Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720-1460, USA
| | - Christophoros C Vassiliou
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720-1460, USA.,Material Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720-1460, USA
| | - David E Wemmer
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720-1460, USA.,Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720-1460, USA
| | - Alexander Pines
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720-1460, USA. .,Material Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720-1460, USA.
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19
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Finbloom JA, Slack CC, Bruns CJ, Jeong K, Wemmer DE, Pines A, Francis MB. Rotaxane-mediated suppression and activation of cucurbit[6]uril for molecular detection by 129Xe hyperCEST NMR. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:3119-22. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cc10410f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
129Xe–cucurbit[6]uril NMR signals were blocked via rotaxanes until chemically activated. This platform is customizable for a broad range of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Clancy C. Slack
- Department of Chemistry
- University of California
- Berkeley
- USA
- Materials Sciences Division
| | | | - Keunhong Jeong
- Department of Chemistry
- University of California
- Berkeley
- USA
- Materials Sciences Division
| | - David E. Wemmer
- Department of Chemistry
- University of California
- Berkeley
- USA
- Physical Biosciences Division
| | - Alexander Pines
- Department of Chemistry
- University of California
- Berkeley
- USA
- Materials Sciences Division
| | - Matthew B. Francis
- Department of Chemistry
- University of California
- Berkeley
- USA
- Materials Sciences Division
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20
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Jeong K, Slack CC, Vassiliou CC, Dao P, Gomes MD, Kennedy DJ, Truxal AE, Sperling LJ, Francis MB, Wemmer DE, Pines A. Investigation of DOTA-Metal Chelation Effects on the Chemical Shift of (129) Xe. Chemphyschem 2015; 16:3573-7. [PMID: 26376768 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201500806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Recent work has shown that xenon chemical shifts in cryptophane-cage sensors are affected when tethered chelators bind to metals. Here, we explore the xenon shifts in response to a wide range of metal ions binding to diastereomeric forms of 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid (DOTA) linked to cryptophane-A. The shifts induced by the binding of Ca(2+) , Cu(2+) , Ce(3+) , Zn(2+) , Cd(2+) , Ni(2+) , Co(2+) , Cr(2+) , Fe(3+) , and Hg(2+) are distinct. In addition, the different responses of the diastereomers for the same metal ion indicate that shifts are affected by partial folding with a correlation between the expected coordination number of the metal in the DOTA complex and the chemical shift of (129) Xe. These sensors may be used to detect and quantify many important metal ions, and a better understanding of the basis for the induced shifts could enhance future designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keunhong Jeong
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720-1460, USA.,Material Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720-1460, USA
| | - Clancy C Slack
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720-1460, USA.,Material Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720-1460, USA
| | - Christophoros C Vassiliou
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720-1460, USA.,Material Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720-1460, USA
| | - Phuong Dao
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720-1460, USA.,Material Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720-1460, USA
| | - Muller D Gomes
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720-1460, USA.,Material Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720-1460, USA
| | - Daniel J Kennedy
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720-1460, USA.,Material Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720-1460, USA
| | - Ashley E Truxal
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720-1460, USA.,Material Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720-1460, USA
| | - Lindsay J Sperling
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Santa Clara University, Sata Clara, CA, 95053-0270, USA
| | - Matthew B Francis
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720-1460, USA.,Material Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720-1460, USA
| | - David E Wemmer
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720-1460, USA.,Physical Bioscience Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720-1460, USA
| | - Alexander Pines
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720-1460, USA. .,Material Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720-1460, USA.
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21
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Schnurr M, Sloniec-Myszk J, Döpfert J, Schröder L, Hennig A. Supramolecular Assays for Mapping Enzyme Activity by Displacement-Triggered Change in Hyperpolarized (129)Xe Magnetization Transfer NMR Spectroscopy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:13444-7. [PMID: 26426128 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201507002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Reversibly bound Xe is a sensitive NMR and MRI reporter with its resonance frequency being influenced by the chemical environment of the host. Molecular imaging of enzyme activity presents a promising approach for disease identification, but current Xe biosensing concepts are limited since substrate conversion typically has little impact on the chemical shift of Xe inside tailored cavities. Herein, we exploit the ability of the product of the enzymatic reaction to bind itself to the macrocyclic hosts CB6 and CB7 and thereby displace Xe. We demonstrate the suitability of this method to map areas of enzyme activity through changes in magnetization transfer with hyperpolarized Xe under different saturation scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Schnurr
- ERC Project BiosensorImaging, Leibniz-Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Campus BerlinBuch, Robert-Rössle-Strasse 10, 13125 Berlin (Germany)
| | - Jagoda Sloniec-Myszk
- BAM Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung, Richard-Willstätter-Strasse 11, 12489 Berlin (Germany)
| | - Jörg Döpfert
- ERC Project BiosensorImaging, Leibniz-Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Campus BerlinBuch, Robert-Rössle-Strasse 10, 13125 Berlin (Germany)
| | - Leif Schröder
- ERC Project BiosensorImaging, Leibniz-Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Campus BerlinBuch, Robert-Rössle-Strasse 10, 13125 Berlin (Germany).
| | - Andreas Hennig
- Department of Life Sciences and Chemistry, Jacobs University Bremen, Campus Ring 1, 28759 Bremen (Germany).
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22
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Schnurr M, Sloniec‐Myszk J, Döpfert J, Schröder L, Hennig A. Supramolekulare Assays zur Lokalisation von Enzymaktivität durch Verdrängungs‐induzierte Änderungen in der Magnetisierungstransfer‐NMR‐Spektroskopie mit hyperpolarisiertem
129
Xe. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201507002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Schnurr
- ERC Project BiosensorImaging, Leibniz‐Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Campus Berlin‐Buch, Robert‐Rössle‐Straße 10, 13125 Berlin (Deutschland)
| | - Jagoda Sloniec‐Myszk
- BAM Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und ‐prüfung, Richard‐Willstätter‐Straße 11, 12489 Berlin (Deutschland)
| | - Jörg Döpfert
- ERC Project BiosensorImaging, Leibniz‐Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Campus Berlin‐Buch, Robert‐Rössle‐Straße 10, 13125 Berlin (Deutschland)
| | - Leif Schröder
- ERC Project BiosensorImaging, Leibniz‐Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Campus Berlin‐Buch, Robert‐Rössle‐Straße 10, 13125 Berlin (Deutschland)
| | - Andreas Hennig
- Department of Life Sciences and Chemistry, Jacobs University Bremen, Campus Ring 1, 28759 Bremen (Deutschland)
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23
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Chapellet LL, Cochrane JR, Mari E, Boutin C, Berthault P, Brotin T. Synthesis of Cryptophanes with Two Different Reaction Sites: Chemical Platforms for Xenon Biosensing. J Org Chem 2015; 80:6143-51. [PMID: 26020365 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.5b00653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We report the synthesis of new water-soluble cryptophane host molecules that can be used for the preparation of (129)Xe NMR-based biosensors. We show that the cryptophane-223 skeleton can be modified to introduce a unique secondary alcohol to the propylenedioxy linker. This chemical functionality can then be exploited to introduce a functional group that is different from the six chemical groups attached to the aromatic rings. In this approach, the generation of a statistical mixture when trying to selectively functionalize a symmetrical host molecule is eliminated, which enables the efficient large-scale production of new cryptophanes that can be used as chemical platforms ready to use for the preparation of xenon biosensors. To illustrate this approach, two molecular platforms have been prepared, and the ability of these new derivatives to bind xenon has been investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laure-Lise Chapellet
- †Laboratoire de Chimie de l'ENS LYON, UMR 5182 - CNRS, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 46 Allée d'Italie, 69364 Lyon, France
| | - James R Cochrane
- †Laboratoire de Chimie de l'ENS LYON, UMR 5182 - CNRS, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 46 Allée d'Italie, 69364 Lyon, France
| | - Emilie Mari
- ‡Laboratoire Structure et Dynamique par Résonance Magnétique, CEA Saclay, IRAMIS, NIMBE UMR CEA/CNRS 3685, 91191 Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Céline Boutin
- ‡Laboratoire Structure et Dynamique par Résonance Magnétique, CEA Saclay, IRAMIS, NIMBE UMR CEA/CNRS 3685, 91191 Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Patrick Berthault
- ‡Laboratoire Structure et Dynamique par Résonance Magnétique, CEA Saclay, IRAMIS, NIMBE UMR CEA/CNRS 3685, 91191 Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Thierry Brotin
- †Laboratoire de Chimie de l'ENS LYON, UMR 5182 - CNRS, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 46 Allée d'Italie, 69364 Lyon, France
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24
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Abstract
Folate-conjugated cryptophane was developed for targeting cryptophane to membrane-bound folate receptors that are overexpressed in many human cancers. The cryptophane biosensor was synthesized in 20 nonlinear steps, which included functionalization with folate recognition moiety, solubilizing peptide, and Cy3 fluorophore. Hyperpolarized (129)Xe NMR studies confirmed xenon binding to the folate-conjugated cryptophane. Cellular internalization of biosensor was monitored by confocal laser scanning microscopy and quantified by flow cytometry. Competitive blocking studies confirmed cryptophane endocytosis through a folate receptor-mediated pathway. Flow cytometry revealed 10-fold higher cellular internalization in KB cancer cells overexpressing folate receptors compared to HT-1080 cells with normal folate receptor expression. The biosensor was determined to be nontoxic in HT-1080 and KB cells by MTT assay at low micromolar concentrations typically used for hyperpolarized (129)Xe NMR experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Najat
S. Khan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Brittany A. Riggle
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Garry K. Seward
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Yubin Bai
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Ivan J. Dmochowski
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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25
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Kotera N, Dubost E, Milanole G, Doris E, Gravel E, Arhel N, Brotin T, Dutasta JP, Cochrane J, Mari E, Boutin C, Léonce E, Berthault P, Rousseau B. A doubly responsive probe for the detection of Cys4-tagged proteins. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:11482-4. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cc04721h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A biosensor for bimodal detection of recombinant Cys-tagged proteins via fluorescence and hyperpolarized 129Xe NMR is presented. Interaction with a peptide containing the motif Cys–Cys–X–X–Cys–Cys activates both fluorescence and NMR responses.
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Kubota R, Hamachi I. Protein recognition using synthetic small-molecular binders toward optical protein sensing in vitro and in live cells. Chem Soc Rev 2015; 44:4454-71. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cs00381k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
This review describes the recognition and sensing techniques of proteins and their building blocks by use of small synthetic binders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryou Kubota
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Kyoto University
- Katsura
- Japan
| | - Itaru Hamachi
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Kyoto University
- Katsura
- Japan
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Sohrabi N, Valizadeh A, Farkhani SM, Akbarzadeh A. Basics of DNA biosensors and cancer diagnosis. Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine, and Biotechnology 2014; 44:654-63. [DOI: 10.3109/21691401.2014.976707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Abstract
Hyperpolarized noble gases (HNGs), polarized to approximately 50% or higher, have led to major advances in magnetic resonance (MR) imaging of porous structures and air-filled cavities in human subjects, particularly the lung. By boosting the available signal to a level about 100 000 times higher than that at thermal equilibrium, air spaces that would otherwise appear as signal voids in an MR image can be revealed for structural and functional assessments. This review discusses how HNG MR imaging differs from conventional proton MR imaging, how MR pulse sequence design is affected and how the properties of gas imaging can be exploited to obtain hitherto inaccessible information in humans and animals. Current and possible future imaging techniques, and their application in the assessment of normal lung function as well as certain lung diseases, are described.
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Palaniappan KK, Ramirez RM, Bajaj VS, Wemmer DE, Pines A, Francis MB. Molecular imaging of cancer cells using a bacteriophage-based 129Xe NMR biosensor. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:4849-53. [PMID: 23554263 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201300170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2013] [Revised: 02/09/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Palaniappan KK, Ramirez RM, Bajaj VS, Wemmer DE, Pines A, Francis MB. Molecular Imaging of Cancer Cells Using a Bacteriophage-Based129Xe NMR Biosensor. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201300170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Delacour L, Kotera N, Traoré T, Garcia-Argote S, Puente C, Leteurtre F, Gravel E, Tassali N, Boutin C, Léonce E, Boulard Y, Berthault P, Rousseau B. “Clickable” Hydrosoluble PEGylated Cryptophane as a Universal Platform for129Xe Magnetic Resonance Imaging Biosensors. Chemistry 2013; 19:6089-93. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201204218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2012] [Revised: 01/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Sloniec J, Schnurr M, Witte C, Resch-Genger U, Schröder L, Hennig A. Biomembrane interactions of functionalized cryptophane-A: combined fluorescence and 129Xe NMR studies of a bimodal contrast agent. Chemistry 2013; 19:3110-8. [PMID: 23319433 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201203773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Fluorescent derivatives of the (129)Xe NMR contrast agent cryptophane-A were obtained by functionalization with near infrared fluorescent dyes DY680 and DY682. The resulting conjugates were spectrally characterized, and their interaction with giant and large unilamellar vesicles of varying phospholipid composition was analyzed by fluorescence and NMR spectroscopy. In the latter, a chemical exchange saturation transfer with hyperpolarized (129)Xe (Hyper-CEST) was used to obtain sufficient sensitivity. To determine the partitioning coefficients, we developed a method based on fluorescence resonance energy transfer from Nile Red to the membrane-bound conjugates. This indicated that not only the hydrophobicity of the conjugates, but also the phospholipid composition, largely determines the membrane incorporation. Thereby, partitioning into the liquid-crystalline phase of 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine was most efficient. Fluorescence depth quenching and flip-flop assays suggest a perpendicular orientation of the conjugates to the membrane surface with negligible transversal diffusion, and that the fluorescent dyes reside in the interfacial area. The results serve as a basis to differentiate biomembranes by analyzing the Hyper-CEST signatures that are related to membrane fluidity, and pave the way for dissecting different contributions to the Hyper-CEST signal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jagoda Sloniec
- Division 1.10 Biophotonics, BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, Richard-Willstaetter-Strasse 11, 12489 Berlin, Germany
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Bai Y, Hill PA, Dmochowski IJ. Utilizing a water-soluble cryptophane with fast xenon exchange rates for picomolar sensitivity NMR measurements. Anal Chem 2012; 84:9935-41. [PMID: 23106513 DOI: 10.1021/ac302347y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Hyperpolarized (129)Xe chemical exchange saturation transfer ((129)Xe Hyper-CEST) NMR is a powerful technique for the ultrasensitive, indirect detection of Xe host molecules (e.g., cryptophane-A). Irradiation at the appropriate Xe-cryptophane resonant radio frequency results in relaxation of the bound hyperpolarized (129)Xe and rapid accumulation of depolarized (129)Xe in bulk solution. The cryptophane effectively "catalyzes" this process by providing a unique molecular environment for spin depolarization to occur, while allowing xenon exchange with the bulk solution during the hyperpolarized lifetime (T(1) ≈ 1 min). Following this scheme, a triacetic acid cryptophane-A derivative (TAAC) was indirectly detected at 1.4 picomolar concentration at 320 K in aqueous solution, which is the record for a single-unit xenon host. To investigate this sensitivity enhancement, the xenon binding kinetics of TAAC in water was studied by NMR exchange lifetime measurement. At 297 K, k(on) ≈ 1.5 × 10(6) M(-1) s(-1) and k(off) = 45 s(-1), which represent the fastest Xe association and dissociation rates measured for a high-affinity, water-soluble xenon host molecule near rt. NMR line width measurements provided similar exchange rates at rt, which we assign to solvent-Xe exchange in TAAC. At 320 K, k(off) was estimated to be 1.1 × 10(3) s(-1). In Hyper-CEST NMR experiments, the rate of (129)Xe depolarization achieved by 14 pM TAAC in the presence of radio frequency (RF) pulses was calculated to be 0.17 μM·s(-1). On a per cryptophane basis, this equates to 1.2 × 10(4)(129)Xe atoms s(-1) (or 4.6 × 10(4) Xe atoms s(-1), all Xe isotopes), which is more than an order of magnitude faster than k(off), the directly measurable Xe-TAAC exchange rate. This compels us to consider multiple Xe exchange processes for cryptophane-mediated bulk (129)Xe depolarization, which provide at least 10(7)-fold sensitivity enhancements over directly detected hyperpolarized (129)Xe NMR signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yubin Bai
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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Alterio V, Di Fiore A, D'Ambrosio K, Supuran CT, De Simone G. Multiple binding modes of inhibitors to carbonic anhydrases: how to design specific drugs targeting 15 different isoforms? Chem Rev 2012; 112:4421-68. [PMID: 22607219 DOI: 10.1021/cr200176r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 918] [Impact Index Per Article: 76.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Alterio
- Istituto di Biostrutture e Bioimmagini-CNR, via Mezzocannone 16, 80134 Napoli, Italy
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Nishihara T, Nonaka H, Naganuma T, Ichikawa K, Sando S. Mouse lactate dehydrogenase X: A promising magnetic resonance reporter protein using hyperpolarized pyruvic acid derivative Y. Chem Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c1sc00919b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Little MA, Donkin J, Fisher J, Halcrow MA, Loder J, Hardie MJ. Synthesis and Methane-Binding Properties of Disulfide-Linked Cryptophane-0.0.0. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011; 51:764-6. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201106512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2011] [Revised: 10/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Little MA, Donkin J, Fisher J, Halcrow MA, Loder J, Hardie MJ. Synthesis and Methane-Binding Properties of Disulfide-Linked Cryptophane-0.0.0. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201106512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Boutin C, Stopin A, Lenda F, Brotin T, Dutasta JP, Jamin N, Sanson A, Boulard Y, Leteurtre F, Huber G, Bogaert-Buchmann A, Tassali N, Desvaux H, Carrière M, Berthault P. Cell uptake of a biosensor detected by hyperpolarized 129Xe NMR: the transferrin case. Bioorg Med Chem 2011; 19:4135-43. [PMID: 21605977 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2011.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2011] [Revised: 04/26/2011] [Accepted: 05/01/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
For detection of biological events in vitro, sensors using hyperpolarized (129)Xe NMR can become a powerful tool, provided the approach can bridge the gap in sensitivity. Here we propose constructs based on the non-selective grafting of cryptophane precursors on holo-transferrin. This biological system was chosen because there are many receptors on the cell surface, and endocytosis further increases this density. The study of these biosensors with K562 cell suspensions via fluorescence microscopy and (129)Xe NMR indicates a strong interaction, as well as interesting features such as the capacity of xenon to enter the cryptophane even when the biosensor is endocytosed, while keeping a high level of polarization. Despite a lack of specificity for transferrin receptors, undoubtedly due to the hydrophobic character of the cryptophane moiety that attracts the biosensor into the cell membrane, these biosensors allow the first in-cell probing of biological events using hyperpolarized xenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Boutin
- CEA, IRAMIS, SIS2M, Laboratoire Structure et Dynamique par Résonance Magnétique, UMR CEA/CNRS 3299, Gif sur Yvette, France
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Abstract
Peptide-modified cryptophane enables sensitive detection of protein analytes using hyperpolarized 129Xe NMR spectroscopy. Here we report improved targeting and delivery of cryptophane to cells expressing αvβ3 integrin receptor, which is overexpressed in many human cancers. Cryptophane was functionalized with cyclic RGDyK peptide and Alexa Fluor 488 dye, and cellular internalization was monitored by confocal laser scanning microscopy. Competitive blocking assays confirmed cryptophane endocytosis through an αvβ3 integrin receptor-mediated pathway. The peptide-cryptophane conjugate was determined to be nontoxic in normal human lung fibroblasts by MTT assay at the micromolar cryptophane concentrations typically used for hyperpolarized 129Xe NMR biosensing experiments. Flow cytometry revealed 4-fold higher cellular internalization in cancer cells overexpressing the integrin receptor compared to normal cells. Nanomolar inhibitory concentrations (IC50 = 20-30 nM) were measured for cryptophane biosensors against vitronectin binding to αvβ3 integrin and fibrinogen binding to αIIbβ3 integrin. Functionalization of the conjugate with two propionic acid groups improved water solubility for hyperpolarized 129Xe NMR spectroscopic studies, which revealed a single resonance at 67 ppm for the 129Xe-cryptophane-cyclic RGDyK biosensor. Introduction of αIIbβ3 integrin receptor in detergent solution generated a new "bound" 129Xe biosensor peak that was shifted 4 ppm downfield from the "free" 129Xe biosensor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garry K Seward
- University of Pennsylvania, Department of Chemistry, 231 South 34 St, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6323, USA
| | - Yubin Bai
- University of Pennsylvania, Department of Chemistry, 231 South 34 St, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6323, USA
| | - Najat S Khan
- University of Pennsylvania, Department of Chemistry, 231 South 34 St, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6323, USA
| | - Ivan J Dmochowski
- University of Pennsylvania, Department of Chemistry, 231 South 34 St, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6323, USA
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Abstract
We report a new reaction-based approach for the detection of hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) using hyperpolarized (13)C magnetic resonance imaging ((13)C MRI) and the H(2)O(2)-mediated oxidation of α-ketoacids to carboxylic acids. (13)C-Benzoylformic acid reacts selectively with H(2)O(2) over other reactive oxygen species to generate (13)C-benzoic acid and can be hyperpolarized using dynamic nuclear polarization, providing a method for dual-frequency detection of H(2)O(2). Phantom images collected using frequency-specific imaging sequences demonstrate the efficacy of this responsive contrast agent to monitor H(2)O(2) at pre-clinical field strengths. The combination of reaction-based detection chemistry and hyperpolarized (13)C MRI provides a potentially powerful new methodology for non-invasive multi-analyte imaging in living systems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kayvan R. Keshari
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158
| | - John Kurhanewicz
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158
| | - Christopher J. Chang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
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Fairchild RM, Joseph AI, Holman KT, Fogarty HA, Brotin T, Dutasta JP, Boutin C, Huber G, Berthault P. A water-soluble Xe@cryptophane-111 complex exhibits very high thermodynamic stability and a peculiar (129)Xe NMR chemical shift. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 132:15505-7. [PMID: 20958059 DOI: 10.1021/ja1071515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The known xenon-binding (±)-cryptophane-111 (1) has been functionalized with six [(η(5)-C(5)Me(5))Ru(II)](+) ([Cp*Ru](+)) moieties to give, in 89% yield, the first water-soluble cryptophane-111 derivative, namely [(Cp*Ru)(6)1]Cl(6) ([2]Cl(6)). [2]Cl(6) exhibits a very high affinity for xenon in water, with a binding constant of 2.9(2) × 10(4) M(-1) as measured by hyperpolarized (129)Xe NMR spectroscopy. The (129)Xe NMR chemical shift of the aqueous Xe@[2](6+) species (308 ppm) resonates over 275 ppm downfield of the parent Xe@1 species in (CDCl(2))(2) and greatly broadens the practical (129)Xe NMR chemical shift range made available by xenon-binding molecular hosts. Single crystal structures of [2][CF(3)SO(3)](6)·xsolvent and 0.75H(2)O@1·2CHCl(3) reveal the ability of the cryptophane-111 core to adapt its conformation to guests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert M Fairchild
- Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA
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Traoré T, Clavé G, Delacour L, Kotera N, Renard PY, Romieu A, Berthault P, Boutin C, Tassali N, Rousseau B. The first metal-free water-soluble cryptophane-111. Chem Commun (Camb) 2011; 47:9702-4. [DOI: 10.1039/c1cc13378k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Berthault P, Desvaux H, Wendlinger T, Gyejacquot M, Stopin A, Brotin T, Dutasta JP, Boulard Y. Effect of pH and Counterions on the Encapsulation Properties of Xenon in Water-Soluble Cryptophanes. Chemistry 2010; 16:12941-6. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201001170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Schilling F, Schröder L, Palaniappan KK, Zapf S, Wemmer DE, Pines A. MRI Thermometry Based on Encapsulated Hyperpolarized Xenon. Chemphyschem 2010; 11:3529-33. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201000507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Taratula O, Dmochowski IJ. Functionalized 129Xe contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2009; 14:97-104. [PMID: 19914122 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2009.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2009] [Revised: 10/02/2009] [Accepted: 10/08/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The concept of 'xenon biosensor' for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was first proposed by a Berkeley team in 2001, with evidence that hyperpolarized 129Xe bound to a biotin-labeled cryptophane can detect streptavidin at much lower concentrations (nM-microM) than is typical for contrast-enhanced MRI experiments. 129Xe biosensors have undergone many recent developments to address challenges in molecular imaging. For example, cryptophanes that exhibit 10-fold higher xenon affinity with distinct 129Xe magnetic resonance spectra have been synthesized. Also relevant are dendrimeric cryptophane assemblies and inorganic zeolites that localize many 129Xe atoms to rare targets. Finally, this article considers biosensors that produce measurable changes in 129Xe chemical shift based upon the activity of oligonucleotides, proteins, or enzymes, and includes the first cell studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olena Taratula
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th St., Philadelphia, PA 19104-6323, USA
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Schlundt A, Kilian W, Beyermann M, Sticht J, Günther S, Höpner S, Falk K, Roetzschke O, Mitschang L, Freund C. A xenon-129 biosensor for monitoring MHC-peptide interactions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009; 48:4142-5. [PMID: 19408266 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200806149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Caged in: The formation of a complex between a peptide ligand and a major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II protein is detected by a (129)Xe biosensor. Cryptophane molecules that trap Xe atoms are modified with a hemagglutinin (HA) peptide, which binds to the MHC protein. The interaction can be monitored by an NMR chemical shift change of cage-HA bound (129)Xe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Schlundt
- Protein Engineering Group, Leibniz-Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie und FU Berlin, Robert-Roessle-Strasse 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany
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Schlundt A, Kilian W, Beyermann M, Sticht J, Günther S, Höpner S, Falk K, Roetzschke O, Mitschang L, Freund C. A Xenon-129 Biosensor for Monitoring MHC-Peptide Interactions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200806149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Fusaro
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, 09042 Monserrato (CA), Italy, and Laboratoire de RMN haute résolution CP 160/08, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 50 Av. F.-D. Roosevelt, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Emanuela Locci
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, 09042 Monserrato (CA), Italy, and Laboratoire de RMN haute résolution CP 160/08, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 50 Av. F.-D. Roosevelt, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Adolfo Lai
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, 09042 Monserrato (CA), Italy, and Laboratoire de RMN haute résolution CP 160/08, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 50 Av. F.-D. Roosevelt, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Michel Luhmer
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, 09042 Monserrato (CA), Italy, and Laboratoire de RMN haute résolution CP 160/08, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 50 Av. F.-D. Roosevelt, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
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