1
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Weiser J, Cui J, Dewhurst RD, Braunschweig H, Engels B, Fantuzzi F. Structure and bonding of proximity-enforced main-group dimers stabilized by a rigid naphthyridine diimine ligand. J Comput Chem 2023; 44:456-467. [PMID: 36054757 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.26994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The development of ligands capable of effectively stabilizing highly reactive main-group species has led to the experimental realization of a variety of systems with fascinating properties. In this work, we computationally investigate the electronic, structural, energetic, and bonding features of proximity-enforced group 13-15 homodimers stabilized by a rigid expanded pincer ligand based on the 1,8-naphthyridine (napy) core. We show that the redox-active naphthyridine diimine (NDI) ligand enables a wide variety of structural motifs and element-element interaction modes, the latter ranging from isolated, element-centered lone pairs (e.g., E = Si, Ge) to cases where through-space π bonds (E = Pb), element-element multiple bonds (E = P, As) and biradical ground states (E = N) are observed. Our results hint at the feasibility of NDI-E2 species as viable synthetic targets, highlighting the versatility and potential applications of napy-based ligands in main-group chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Weiser
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.,Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.,Institute for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jingjing Cui
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Rian D Dewhurst
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.,Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Holger Braunschweig
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.,Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Bernd Engels
- Institute for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Felipe Fantuzzi
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.,Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.,School of Chemistry and Forensic Science, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK
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2
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Vetter G, Białońska A, Krzyszowska P, Koniarz S, Pacholska‐Dudziak E. Two Rhodium(III) Ions Confined in a [18]Porphyrin Frame: 5,10,15,20‐Tetraaryl‐21,23‐Dirhodaporphyrin. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202201513. [PMID: 35665970 PMCID: PMC9545270 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202201513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Tetraaryl‐21,23‐dirhodaporphyrin and a series of related monorhodaporphyrins have been obtained by tellurium‐to‐rhodium exchange in a reaction of tetraaryl‐21,23‐ditelluraporphyrin with [RhCl(CO)2]2. These organometallic metallaporphyrins contain rhodium(III) centers embedded in rhodacyclopentadiene rings, incorporated within the porphyrin frames. The skeletons of 21,23‐dirhodaporphyrin and 21‐rhoda‐23‐telluraporphyrin are strongly deformed in‐plane from the rectangular shape typical for porphyrins, due to rhodium(III) coordination preferences, the large size of the two core atoms, and the porphyrin skeleton constrains. These two metallaporphyrins exhibit fluxional behavior, as studied by 1H NMR and DFT, involving the in‐plane motion and the switch of the rhodium center(s) between two nitrogen donors. A side product detected in the reaction mixture, 21‐oxa‐23‐rhodaporphyrin, results from tellurium‐to‐oxygen exchange, occurring in parallel to the tellurium‐to‐rhodium exchange. The reaction paths and mechanisms have been analyzed. The title 21,23‐dirhodaporphyrin contains a bridged bimetallic unit, Rh2Cl2, in the center of the macrocycle, with two rhodium(III) ions lying approximately in the plane of the porphyrinoid skeleton. The geometry of the implanted Rh2Cl2 unit is affected by macrocyclic constrains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grzegorz Vetter
- Faculty of Chemistry University of Wroclaw ul. Joliot-Curie 14 50-383 Wroclaw Poland
| | - Agata Białońska
- Faculty of Chemistry University of Wroclaw ul. Joliot-Curie 14 50-383 Wroclaw Poland
| | - Paulina Krzyszowska
- Faculty of Chemistry University of Wroclaw ul. Joliot-Curie 14 50-383 Wroclaw Poland
| | - Sebastian Koniarz
- Faculty of Chemistry University of Wroclaw ul. Joliot-Curie 14 50-383 Wroclaw Poland
| | - Ewa Pacholska‐Dudziak
- Faculty of Chemistry University of Wroclaw ul. Joliot-Curie 14 50-383 Wroclaw Poland
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3
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Sugimura H, Nakajima K, Yamashita KI, Ogawa T. 20π Antiaromatic Isophlorins without Metallation or Core Modification. European J Org Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202200747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Haruna Sugimura
- Osaka University School of Science Graduate School of Science: Osaka Daigaku Daigakuin Rigaku Kenkyuka Rigakubu Department of Chemistry JAPAN
| | - Kana Nakajima
- Osaka University School of Science Graduate School of Science: Osaka Daigaku Daigakuin Rigaku Kenkyuka Rigakubu Department of Chemistry JAPAN
| | - Ken-ichi Yamashita
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka University Department of Chemistry 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka 560-0043 Osaka JAPAN
| | - Takuji Ogawa
- Osaka University School of Science Graduate School of Science: Osaka Daigaku Daigakuin Rigaku Kenkyuka Rigakubu Department of Chemistry JAPAN
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4
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Mechanical properties of diboron-porphyrin sheet under strain: A density functional theory study. J INDIAN CHEM SOC 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jics.2022.100629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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6
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Pushpanandan P, Ravikanth M. Synthesis and Properties of Stable 20π Porphyrinoids. CHEM REC 2022; 22:e202200144. [PMID: 35896952 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202200144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The 20π porphyrinoids are immediate higher homologues of 18π porphyrins and differ from porphyrins in aromaticity which in turn affects the structure, properties and chemical reactivities. Research over the years indicated that the 20π porphyrinoids can be stabilized as non-aromatic/anti-aromatic or Mobius aromatic macrocycles using different strategies such as core-modification of porphyrins, non-metal/metal complexation of porphyrins, peripheral modification of porphyrins and expanded porphyrinoids. The structural properties such as aromaticity of the macrocycle can be controlled by choosing the right synthetic strategy. This review will provide an overview of the development in the chemistry of 20π porphyrinoids giving emphasize on the synthesis, structure and electronic properties of these macrocycles which have huge potential for various applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poornenth Pushpanandan
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Macrocyclic Lab, Lab No. 338, 400076, Mumbai, India
| | - Mangalampalli Ravikanth
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Macrocyclic Lab, Lab No. 338, 400076, Mumbai, India
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7
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Abstract
The Gouterman four-orbital model conceptualizes porphyrin UV-visible spectra as dominated by four frontier molecular orbitals-two nearly degenerate HOMOs and two exactly degenerate LUMOS under D 4h symmetry. These are well separated from all the other molecular orbitals, and normal spectra involve transitions among these MOs. Unusual spectra occur when additional orbitals appear in this energy range, typically as a consequence of the central coordinated atom. For example, metals with empty d orbitals in a suitable energy range may lead to charge transfer from porphyrin (ligand) to metal, that is, so-called LMCT transitions. Metals with filled p or d orbitals may lead to charge transfer from metal to porphyrin, MLCT transitions. These cases lead to additional peaks and/or significant redshifts in the spectra and were classified as hyperporphyrins by Gouterman. Cases in which spectra are blueshifted were classified as hypsoporphyrins; they are common for relatively electronegative late transition metal porphyrins. Many of the same principles apply to porphyrin analogues, especially corroles. In this Perspective, we focus on two newer classes of hyperporphyrins: one reflecting substituent effects in protonated or deprotonated free-base tetraphenyporphyrins and the other reflecting "noninnocent" interactions between central metal ions and corroles. Hyperporphyrin effects on spectra can be dramatic, yet they can be generated by relatively simple changes and subtle structural variations, such as acid-base reactions or the selection of a central metal ion. These concepts suggest strategies for engineering porphyrin or porphyrinoid dyes for specific applications, especially those requiring far-red or near-infrared absorption or emission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl C. Wamser
- Department
of Chemistry, Portland State University, Portland, Oregon 97207-0751, United States
| | - Abhik Ghosh
- Department
of Chemistry and Arctic Center for Sustainable Energy, UiT − The Arctic University of Norway, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway
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Shih DN, Boobalan R, Liu YH, Chein RJ, Chiu CW. [B-Cl-B] + Cations: Chloroborane Masked Chiral Borenium Ions. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:16266-16272. [PMID: 34672549 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c02073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A tricoordinate borenium ion has received considerable attention in recent years for its applications in Lewis acid catalysis. Over the years, asymmetric catalysis mediated by a chiral borenium ion has also been developed. To stabilize the electron-deficient boron atom, a series of chloroborane masked borenium ions featuring the symmetrical [B-Cl-B]+ linkage are prepared and utilized as the catalyst for the enantioselective Diels-Alder cycloaddition of cyclopentadiene and 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl acrylate. The presence of a Cp* ligand is critical in realizing the cyclic diboron compounds, and the stability of the resulting [B-Cl-B]+ cation is dependent on the steric bulkiness of the oxazolidinone moiety. The stereoselectivity of the Diels-Alder cycloaddition is controlled by the substituents of the chiral oxazolidinone ligand and could be further improved via the coordination of SnCl4 at the bridging chloride of the [B-Cl-B]+ cation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ding-Nan Shih
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | | | - Yi-Hung Liu
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Rong-Jie Chein
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Wen Chiu
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
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9
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Yoshida T, Shafie SA, Kawashima H, Fukui N, Shinokubo H. Synthesis and Properties of an 18π Aromatic Norcorrole P(V) Complex. Org Lett 2021; 23:2826-2830. [PMID: 33751894 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c00823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
[16]Norcorrole is an antiaromatic ring-contracted porphyrinoid. Here, we show that the phosphorus insertion of the free-base [16]norcorrole switches its antiaromaticity to aromaticity. The treatment of a free-base meso-dimesityl[16]norcorrole with phosphorus tribromide in pyridine afforded an [18]norcorrole P(V) complex, which exhibited porphyrin-like absorption and fluorescence spectra. The phosphorus center adopted a distorted tetragonal pyramidal coordination geometry. The distinct aromatic nature of the [18]norcorrole P(V) complex was corroborated both experimentally and theoretically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Yoshida
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Siham Asyiqin Shafie
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kawashima
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Norihito Fukui
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Shinokubo
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
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10
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Ochiai H, Furukawa K, Nakano H, Matano Y. Doubly Strapped Redox-Switchable 5,10,15,20-Tetraaryl-5,15-diazaporphyrinoids: Promising Platforms for the Evaluation of Paratropic and Diatropic Ring-Current Effects. J Org Chem 2021; 86:2283-2296. [PMID: 33411514 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c02433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This paper presents a novel series of chemically stable and redox-switchable 20π, 19π, and 18π 5,10,15,20-tetraaryl-5,15-diazaporphyrinoids (TADAPs) that have two alkyl-chain straps above and below the diazaporphyrin ring. Three types of doubly strapped TADAPs were prepared as nickel(II) complexes using meso-N-(2,6-dihydroxyphenyl)-substituted TADAP and the corresponding aliphatic diacids as precursors. Theoretical calculations revealed that regardless of their oxidation states, all strapped TADAPs had essentially flat π-planes. It was found that the alkyl-chain straps slightly affected the optical and electrochemical properties of the DAP rings, particularly in the oxidized forms. 1H NMR spectroscopy was used to evaluate the antiaromatic character of the 20π TADAPs and the aromatic character of the 18π TADAP dications, and it was observed that they displayed paratropic and diatropic ring-current effects, respectively, on the chemical shifts of methylene protons in the spatially separated alkyl chains. The degree of shielding and deshielding depended on the position of the methylene units; it decreased with increase in separation from the π-plane and central axis of the porphyrin ring. The NMR experiments also revealed that the degree of the diatropic ring currents was clearly related to the π-electron density of the porphyrin ring; the ring-current effects decreased as the charge increased from 0 to +2. These findings are also qualitatively supported by the nucleus-independent chemical shifts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hikari Ochiai
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, Nishi-ku, Niigata 950-2181, Japan
| | - Ko Furukawa
- Center for Coordination of Research Facilities, Institute for Research Promotion, Niigata University, Nishi-ku, Niigata 950-2181, Japan.,Institute for Molecular Science, Nishigo-naka 38, Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
| | - Haruyuki Nakano
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyushu University, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Matano
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Niigata University, Nishi-ku, Niigata 950-2181, Japan
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11
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Abstract
The mechanism studies of transition-metal-catalyzed reductive coupling reactions
investigated using Density Functional Theory calculations in the recent ten years have been
reviewed. This review introduces the computational mechanism studies of Ni-, Pd-, Cu- and
some other metals (Rh, Ti and Zr)-catalyzed reductive coupling reactions and presents the
methodology used in these computational mechanism studies. The mechanisms of the transition-
metal-catalyzed reductive coupling reactions normally include three main steps: oxidative
addition; transmetalation; and reductive elimination or four main steps: the first oxidative
addition; reduction; the second oxidative addition; and reductive elimination. The ratelimiting
step is most likely the final reductive elimination step in the whole mechanism.
Currently, the B3LYP method used in DFT calculations is the most popular choice in the structural geometry
optimizations and the M06 method is often used to carry out single-point calculations to refine the energy values.
We hope that this review will stimulate more and more experimental and computational combinations and the
computational chemistry will significantly contribute to the development of future organic synthesis reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuling Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Qinghua Ren
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, China
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12
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Bhattacharyya G, Kumawat RL, Pathak B. Porphyrin nanoribbon-based spin filtering devices. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:16368-16377. [PMID: 32657293 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp02127j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Advancement in molecular electronics opens up another new domain with a new possibility of realizing its spin-polarized version, which is called molecular spintronics. This novel domain has a range of applications such as high-capacity storage devices and quantum computers. Several contemporary researchers have considered porphyrin molecules and their derivatives as potential candidates for molecular devices. Herein, using the first-principles calculations, we propose a porphyrin nanoribbon-based system for spin-filtering applications. Such a system shows robust half-metallicity and also exhibits itinerant magnetism. Our calculated spin transport properties exhibit that our device can give 100% spin-polarizing efficiency, which is very promising for next-generation spin-filtering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gargee Bhattacharyya
- Discipline of Metallurgy Engineering and Materials Science, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Indore, Indore, Madhya Pradesh 453552, India.
| | - Rameshwar L Kumawat
- Discipline of Metallurgy Engineering and Materials Science, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Indore, Indore, Madhya Pradesh 453552, India.
| | - Biswarup Pathak
- Discipline of Metallurgy Engineering and Materials Science, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Indore, Indore, Madhya Pradesh 453552, India. and Discipline of Chemistry, School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Indore, Indore, Madhya Pradesh 453552, India
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13
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Schön F, Greb L, Kaifer E, Himmel HJ. Desymmetrization of Dicationic Diboranes by Isomerization Catalyzed by a Nucleophile. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:9127-9133. [PMID: 32181953 PMCID: PMC7317786 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202001640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Cationic monoboranes exhibit a rich chemistry. By constrast, only a few cationic diboranes are known, that all are symmetrically substituted. In this work, the first unsymmetrically substituted dicationic diboranes, featuring sp2 -sp2 -hybridized boron atoms, are reported. The compounds are formed by intramolecular rearrangement from preceding isomeric symmetrically substituted dicationic diboranes, a process that is catalyzed by nucleophiles. From the temperature-dependence of the isomerization rate, activation parameters for this unprecedented rearrangement are derived. The difference in fluoride ion affinity between the two boron atoms and the bonding situation in these unique unsymmetrical dicationic diboranes are evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Schön
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lutz Greb
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Kaifer
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hans-Jörg Himmel
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
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14
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Schön F, Greb L, Kaifer E, Himmel H. Desymmetrization of Dicationic Diboranes by Isomerization Catalyzed by a Nucleophile. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202001640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Florian Schön
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Lutz Greb
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Elisabeth Kaifer
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Hans‐Jörg Himmel
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
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15
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Yamashita KI, Nakajima K, Honda Y, Ogawa T. Facile Redox-Induced Aromatic-Antiaromatic Interconversion of a β-Tetracyano-21,23-Dithiaporphyrin under Ambient Conditions. Chemistry 2020; 26:3633-3640. [PMID: 31880373 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201905823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Facile redox-induced aromatic-antiaromatic interconversions were accomplished by using β-tetracyano-21,23-dithiaporphyrin (CN4 S2 Por). Introduced cyano groups not only increased the reduction potential of the porphyrin core but also stabilized the antiaromatic isophlorin (CN4 S2 Iph) by π conjugation. The reduction of CN4 S2 Por with hydrazine in polar solvents quantitatively affords CN4 S2 Iph, even under ambient conditions. CN4 S2 Iph retains a nearly planar conformation and exhibits considerable antiaromaticity. Aerobic oxidation of CN4 S2 Iph to CN4 S2 Por occurs in nonpolar solvents. This study was conducted to contribute to the understanding of the structure-antiaromaticity relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken-Ichi Yamashita
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan
| | - Kana Nakajima
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan
| | - Yusuke Honda
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan
| | - Takuji Ogawa
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan
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16
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Schöniger M, Kachel SR, Herritsch J, Schröder P, Hutter M, Gottfried JM. Direct synthesis of dilithium tetraphenylporphyrin: facile reaction of a free-base porphyrin with vapor-deposited lithium. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:13665-13668. [PMID: 31633711 DOI: 10.1039/c9cc07170a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A solvent-free dilithium porphyrin was synthesized by direct reaction of free-base meso-tetraphenylporphyrin with elemental lithium in ultra-high vacuum. The reaction product dilithium tetraphenylporphyrin was studied by temperature-programmed desorption mass spectrometry (TPD-MS) and hard X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (HAXPES). The solid-state reaction is thermodynamically favored, according to density functional theory (DFT) calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maik Schöniger
- Department of Chemistry, Philipps University Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4, 35032 Marburg, Germany.
| | - Stefan R Kachel
- Department of Chemistry, Philipps University Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4, 35032 Marburg, Germany.
| | - Jan Herritsch
- Department of Chemistry, Philipps University Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4, 35032 Marburg, Germany.
| | - Philipp Schröder
- Department of Chemistry, Philipps University Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4, 35032 Marburg, Germany.
| | - Mark Hutter
- Department of Chemistry, Philipps University Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4, 35032 Marburg, Germany.
| | - J Michael Gottfried
- Department of Chemistry, Philipps University Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4, 35032 Marburg, Germany.
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17
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Englert L, Stoy A, Arrowsmith M, Muessig JH, Thaler M, Deißenberger A, Häfner A, Böhnke J, Hupp F, Seufert J, Mies J, Damme A, Dellermann T, Hammond K, Kupfer T, Radacki K, Thiess T, Braunschweig H. Stable Lewis Base Adducts of Tetrahalodiboranes: Synthetic Methods and Structural Diversity. Chemistry 2019; 25:8612-8622. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201901437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Englert
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry and theInstitute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with BoronJulius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Andreas Stoy
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry and theInstitute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with BoronJulius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Merle Arrowsmith
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry and theInstitute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with BoronJulius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Jonas H. Muessig
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry and theInstitute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with BoronJulius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Melanie Thaler
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry and theInstitute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with BoronJulius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Andrea Deißenberger
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry and theInstitute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with BoronJulius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Alena Häfner
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry and theInstitute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with BoronJulius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Julian Böhnke
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry and theInstitute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with BoronJulius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Florian Hupp
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry and theInstitute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with BoronJulius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Jens Seufert
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry and theInstitute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with BoronJulius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Jan Mies
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry and theInstitute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with BoronJulius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Alexander Damme
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry and theInstitute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with BoronJulius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Theresa Dellermann
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry and theInstitute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with BoronJulius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Kai Hammond
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry and theInstitute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with BoronJulius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Thomas Kupfer
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry and theInstitute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with BoronJulius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Krzysztof Radacki
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry and theInstitute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with BoronJulius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Torsten Thiess
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry and theInstitute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with BoronJulius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Holger Braunschweig
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry and theInstitute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with BoronJulius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
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18
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Li Q, Ishida M, Kai H, Gu T, Li C, Li X, Baryshnikov G, Liang X, Zhu W, Ågren H, Furuta H, Xie Y. Skeletal Rearrangement of Twisted Thia‐Norhexaphyrin: Multiply Annulated Polypyrrolic Aromatic Macrocycles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201900010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qizhao Li
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringFeringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research CenterSchool of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringEast China University of Science & Technology 130 Meilong Road Shanghai 200237 P. R. China
| | - Masatoshi Ishida
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryGraduate School of Engineering and Center for Molecular SystemsKyushu University Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
| | - Hiroto Kai
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryGraduate School of Engineering and Center for Molecular SystemsKyushu University Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
| | - Tingting Gu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringJiangsu University Zhenjiang 212013 P. R. China
| | - Chengjie Li
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringFeringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research CenterSchool of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringEast China University of Science & Technology 130 Meilong Road Shanghai 200237 P. R. China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry and BiologySchool of BiotechnologyKTH Royal Institute of Technology 10691 Stockholm Sweden
| | - Glib Baryshnikov
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry and BiologySchool of BiotechnologyKTH Royal Institute of Technology 10691 Stockholm Sweden
| | - Xu Liang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringJiangsu University Zhenjiang 212013 P. R. China
| | - Weihua Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringJiangsu University Zhenjiang 212013 P. R. China
| | - Hans Ågren
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry and BiologySchool of BiotechnologyKTH Royal Institute of Technology 10691 Stockholm Sweden
| | - Hiroyuki Furuta
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryGraduate School of Engineering and Center for Molecular SystemsKyushu University Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
| | - Yongshu Xie
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringFeringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research CenterSchool of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringEast China University of Science & Technology 130 Meilong Road Shanghai 200237 P. R. China
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19
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Li Q, Ishida M, Kai H, Gu T, Li C, Li X, Baryshnikov G, Liang X, Zhu W, Ågren H, Furuta H, Xie Y. Skeletal Rearrangement of Twisted Thia-Norhexaphyrin: Multiply Annulated Polypyrrolic Aromatic Macrocycles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:5925-5929. [PMID: 30843636 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201900010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A hybrid thia-norhexaphyrin comprising a directly linked N-confused pyrrole and thiophene unit (1) revealed unique macrocycle transformations to afford multiply inner-annulated aromatic macrocycles. Oxidation with 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyano-1,4-benzoquinone triggered a cleavage of the C-S bond of the thiophene unit, accompanied with skeletal rearrangement to afford unique π-conjugated products: a thiopyrrolo-pentaphyrin embedded with a pyrrolo[1,2]isothiazole (2), a sulfur-free pentaphyrin incorporating an indolizine moiety (3), and a thiopyranyltriphyrinoid containing a 2H-thiopyran unit (4). Furthermore, 2 underwent desulfurization reactions to afford a fused pentaphyrin containing a pyrrolizine moiety (5) under mild conditions. Using expanded porphyrin scaffolds, oxidative thiophene cleavage and desulfurization of the hitherto unknown N-confused core-modified macrocycles would be a practical approach for developing unique polypyrrolic aromatic macrocycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qizhao Li
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China
| | - Masatoshi Ishida
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering and Center for Molecular Systems, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Hiroto Kai
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering and Center for Molecular Systems, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Tingting Gu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, P. R. China
| | - Chengjie Li
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry and Biology, School of Biotechnology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 10691, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Glib Baryshnikov
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry and Biology, School of Biotechnology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 10691, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Xu Liang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, P. R. China
| | - Weihua Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, P. R. China
| | - Hans Ågren
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry and Biology, School of Biotechnology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 10691, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hiroyuki Furuta
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering and Center for Molecular Systems, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Yongshu Xie
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China
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20
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Suzuki W, Kotani H, Ishizuka T, Kojima T. Dioxygen/Hydrogen Peroxide Interconversion Using Redox Couples of Saddle-Distorted Porphyrins and Isophlorins. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:5987-5994. [PMID: 30882221 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b01038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Interconversion between dioxygen (O2) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) has attracted much interest because of the growing importance of H2O2 as an energy source. There are many reports on O2 conversions to H2O2; however, no example has been reported on O2/H2O2 interconversion. Herein, we describe successful achievement of a reversible O2/H2O2 conversion based on an N21, N23-dimethylated saddle-distorted porphyrin and the corresponding two-electron-reduced porphyrin (isophlorin) for the first time. The isophlorin could react with O2 to afford the corresponding porphyrin and H2O2; conversely, the porphyrin also reacted with excess H2O2 to reproduce the corresponding isophlorin and O2. The isophlorin-O2/porphyrin-H2O2 interconversion was repeatedly proceeded by alternate bubbling of Ar or O2, although no reversible conversion was observed in the case of an N21, N22-dimethylated porphyrin as a structural isomer. Such a drastic change of the reversibility was derived from the directions of inner N H protons in hydrogen-bond formation of the isophlorin core with O2 as well as those of the lone pairs of the inner nitrogen atoms of the porphyrin core to form hydrogen bonds with H2O2. The intriguing isophlorin-O2/porphyrin-H2O2 interconversion was accomplished by introducing methyl groups at the inner nitrogen atoms to minimize the difference of the Gibbs free energy between isophlorin-O2/porphyrin-H2O2 states and the Gibbs activation energy of the interconversion. On the basis of the kinetic and thermodynamic analysis on the isophlorin-O2/porphyrin-H2O2 interconversion using 1H NMR and UV-vis spectroscopies and DFT calculations, we propose the formation of a two-point hydrogen-bonding adduct between the N21, N23-dimethylated porphyrin and H2O2 as an intermediate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wataru Suzuki
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences , University of Tsukuba and CREST (JST) , 1-1-1 Tennoudai , Tsukuba , Ibaraki 305-8571 , Japan
| | - Hiroaki Kotani
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences , University of Tsukuba and CREST (JST) , 1-1-1 Tennoudai , Tsukuba , Ibaraki 305-8571 , Japan
| | - Tomoya Ishizuka
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences , University of Tsukuba and CREST (JST) , 1-1-1 Tennoudai , Tsukuba , Ibaraki 305-8571 , Japan
| | - Takahiko Kojima
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences , University of Tsukuba and CREST (JST) , 1-1-1 Tennoudai , Tsukuba , Ibaraki 305-8571 , Japan
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21
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Conradie J, Brothers PJ, Ghosh A. Main-Group-Element Isophlorin Complexes Revisited: The Question of a Subvalent Central Atom. Inorg Chem 2019; 58:4634-4640. [PMID: 30874434 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b00201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A careful density functional theory reexamination of the geometric and electronic structures of reduced main-group porphyrin complexes E(Por)L2 (E = Si or Ge; L = pyridine or tetrahydrofuran), B2(Por), and C2(Por) has confirmed these as pure isophlorin derivatives with normal-valent coordinated central atoms. Only axially unligated Ge(Por) and the dications [B2(Por)]2+ and [C2(Por)]2+ feature aromatic porphyrin ligands. The calculations faithfully reproduce the strong bond-length alternation along the outer rim of the macrocycle in the reduced complexes, consistent with antiaromatic character, as well as much stronger ruffling in the reduced group 14 complexes relative to their nonreduced counterparts such as E(Por)X2 (E = Si or Ge; X = F or Cl). The latter is thought to reflect the lower barrier to nonplanar deformation for the antiaromatic systems. In addition, unlike B2(Por) and its dication, which are planar, C2(Por) and its dication are predicted to be strongly ruffled, reflecting the smaller size of the central C2 unit. The calculations also predict characteristically low ionization potentials and singlet-triplet gaps for the antiaromatic complexes. A brief exploratory study of the as-yet-unknown group 15 complexes E(TPP)(Ph)(py), where E = P and As, also indicated an antiaromatic isophlorin macrocycle coordinated to a pentavalent group 15 center.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeanet Conradie
- Department of Chemistry , UiT-The Arctic University of Norway , 9037 Tromsø , Norway.,Department of Chemistry , University of the Free State , 9300 Bloemfontein , Republic of South Africa
| | - Penelope J Brothers
- Department of Chemistry , UiT-The Arctic University of Norway , 9037 Tromsø , Norway.,School of Chemical Sciences , The University of Auckland , Private Bag, 92019 Auckland , New Zealand
| | - Abhik Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry , UiT-The Arctic University of Norway , 9037 Tromsø , Norway
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22
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Tay ACY, Frogley BJ, Ware DC, Conradie J, Ghosh A, Brothers PJ. Tetrahedral Pegs in Square Holes: Stereochemistry of Diboron Porphyrazines and Phthalocyanines. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:3057-3061. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201810704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Chin Yit Tay
- School of Chemical SciencesThe University of Auckland Private Bag 92019 Auckland New Zealand
| | - Benjamin J. Frogley
- Research School of ChemistryAustralian National University Canberra ACT 2601 Australia
| | - David C. Ware
- School of Chemical SciencesThe University of Auckland Private Bag 92019 Auckland New Zealand
| | - Jeanet Conradie
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of the Free State 9300 Bloemfontein Republic of South Africa
| | - Abhik Ghosh
- Department of ChemistryUiT—The Arctic University of Norway 9037 Tromsø Norway
| | - Penelope J. Brothers
- School of Chemical SciencesThe University of Auckland Private Bag 92019 Auckland New Zealand
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23
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Tay ACY, Frogley BJ, Ware DC, Conradie J, Ghosh A, Brothers PJ. Tetrahedral Pegs in Square Holes: Stereochemistry of Diboron Porphyrazines and Phthalocyanines. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201810704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Chin Yit Tay
- School of Chemical SciencesThe University of Auckland Private Bag 92019 Auckland New Zealand
| | - Benjamin J. Frogley
- Research School of ChemistryAustralian National University Canberra ACT 2601 Australia
| | - David C. Ware
- School of Chemical SciencesThe University of Auckland Private Bag 92019 Auckland New Zealand
| | - Jeanet Conradie
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of the Free State 9300 Bloemfontein Republic of South Africa
| | - Abhik Ghosh
- Department of ChemistryUiT—The Arctic University of Norway 9037 Tromsø Norway
| | - Penelope J. Brothers
- School of Chemical SciencesThe University of Auckland Private Bag 92019 Auckland New Zealand
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24
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Franz D, Inoue S. Cationic Complexes of Boron and Aluminum: An Early 21st Century Viewpoint. Chemistry 2018; 25:2898-2926. [PMID: 30113744 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201803370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Boron and aluminum are lighter Group 13 elements, found in daily life commodities, and considered environmentally benign. Nevertheless, they markedly differ in their elemental properties (e.g., metal character, atomic radius). The use of Lewis acidic complexes of boron and aluminum for methods of bond activation and catalysis (e.g., hydrogenation of unsaturated substrates, polymerization of olefins and epoxides) is quickly expanding. The introduction of cationic charge may boost the metalloid-centered Lewis acidity and allow for its fine-tuning particularly with regard to preference for "hard" or "soft" Lewis bases (i.e., substrates). Especially the isolation of low-coordinate cations (number of ligand atoms smaller than four) demands elaborate techniques of thermodynamic and kinetic stabilization (i.e., electronic saturation and steric shielding) by a ligand system. Furthermore, the properties of the solvent and the counteranion must be considered with care. Here, selected examples of boron and aluminum cations are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Franz
- Department of Chemistry, WACKER-Institute of Silicon Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85748, Garching bei München, Germany
| | - Shigeyoshi Inoue
- Department of Chemistry, WACKER-Institute of Silicon Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85748, Garching bei München, Germany
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25
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Sudoh K, Furukawa K, Nakano H, Shimizu S, Matano Y. Synthesis and properties of redox-switchable zinc complexes of 10,15,20-triaryl-15-aza-5-oxaporphyrin. HETEROATOM CHEMISTRY 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/hc.21456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Sudoh
- Department of Fundamental Sciences; Graduate School of Science and Technology; Niigata University; Niigata Japan
| | - Ko Furukawa
- Center for Coordination of Research Facilities; Institute for Research Promotion; Niigata University; Niigata Japan
| | - Haruyuki Nakano
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Science; Kyushu University; Fukuoka Japan
| | - Soji Shimizu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Graduate School of Engineering; Kyushu University; Fukuoka Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Matano
- Department of Chemistry; Faculty of Science; Niigata University; Niigata Japan
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26
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Widera A, Vogler D, Wadepohl H, Kaifer E, Himmel HJ. Bor(II)-Kationen: Ein Zusammenspiel zwischen Lewis-Paar-Akzeptor- und Elektronendonor-Eigenschaften. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201806135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Widera
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut; Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg; Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Deutschland
| | - Daniel Vogler
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut; Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg; Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Deutschland
| | - Hubert Wadepohl
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut; Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg; Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Deutschland
| | - Elisabeth Kaifer
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut; Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg; Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Deutschland
| | - Hans-Jörg Himmel
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut; Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg; Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Deutschland
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27
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Widera A, Vogler D, Wadepohl H, Kaifer E, Himmel HJ. Boron(II) Cations: Interplay between Lewis-Pair-Acceptor and Electron-Donor Properties. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:11456-11459. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201806135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Widera
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut; Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg; Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Daniel Vogler
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut; Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg; Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Hubert Wadepohl
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut; Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg; Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Elisabeth Kaifer
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut; Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg; Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Hans-Jörg Himmel
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut; Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg; Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
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28
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Novikova NI, Lo ASV, Gordon KC, Brothers PJ, Simpson MC. Diboron Porphyrins: The Raman Signature of the In-Plane Tetragonal Elongation of the Macrocycle. J Phys Chem A 2018; 122:5121-5131. [PMID: 29745659 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.8b01925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
We describe an unusual in-plane type of porphyrin core distortion, tetragonal elongation (TE), observed experimentally in diboron porphyrins. The vibrational spectra of several of these complexes exhibit shifts that we have assigned to this TE distortion by comparing experimental spectra with DFT computational findings. The influence of TE in porphyrin systems was isolated using DFT analysis of the well-known model compounds Ni(II)porphine and Zn(II)porphine, with the macrocycle ring constrained to eliminate the influence of out-of-plane (OOP) distortions. A significant down-shift in frequencies was observed for porphyrin normal vibrational modes, particularly the in-plane A1g/B1g modes that are dominated by contributions from stretching and bending of Cα-Cm coordinates. In contrast, TE had little effect on the v(Pyrhalfring) and δ(Pyrdef) modes, though the lowered symmetry of the system resulted in significant splitting of the B2u and B3u modes. The impact of the TE distortion upon the diboron porphyrin vibrational spectrum was probed experimentally using Raman spectroscopy of B2O2(BCl3)2(TTP), B2OF2(TTP), and B2OPhOH2(TTP) (TTP = 5,10,15,20-(tetra- p-tolyl)porphyrin). Comparing the experimentally obtained spectral signatures to the computational findings allowed us to assign the large shifts observed for the v2 and v3 modes to the TE distortion in diboron porphyrins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina I Novikova
- The University of Auckland , School of Chemical Sciences , Auckland 1010 , New Zealand.,The MacDiarmid Institute , Victoria University of Wellington , PO Box 600, Wellington 6012 , New Zealand.,The Dodd-Walls Centre , University of Otago , P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9016 , New Zealand
| | - Alvie S V Lo
- The MacDiarmid Institute , Victoria University of Wellington , PO Box 600, Wellington 6012 , New Zealand.,The Dodd-Walls Centre , University of Otago , P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9016 , New Zealand.,University of Otago , Department of Chemistry , P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9016 , New Zealand
| | - Keith C Gordon
- The MacDiarmid Institute , Victoria University of Wellington , PO Box 600, Wellington 6012 , New Zealand.,The Dodd-Walls Centre , University of Otago , P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9016 , New Zealand.,University of Otago , Department of Chemistry , P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9016 , New Zealand
| | - Penelope J Brothers
- The University of Auckland , School of Chemical Sciences , Auckland 1010 , New Zealand.,The MacDiarmid Institute , Victoria University of Wellington , PO Box 600, Wellington 6012 , New Zealand
| | - M Cather Simpson
- The University of Auckland , School of Chemical Sciences , Auckland 1010 , New Zealand.,The MacDiarmid Institute , Victoria University of Wellington , PO Box 600, Wellington 6012 , New Zealand.,The Dodd-Walls Centre , University of Otago , P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9016 , New Zealand.,The University of Auckland , Department of Physics , Auckland 1010 , New Zealand
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29
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A new fundamental type of conformational isomerism. Nat Chem 2018; 10:615-624. [PMID: 29784991 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-018-0043-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Isomerism is a fundamental chemical concept, reflecting the fact that the arrangement of atoms in a molecular entity has a profound influence on its chemical and physical properties. Here we describe a previously unclassified fundamental form of conformational isomerism through four resolved stereoisomers of a transoid (BF)O(BF)-quinoxalinoporphyrin. These comprise two pairs of enantiomers that manifest structural relationships not describable within existing IUPAC nomenclature and terminology. They undergo thermal diastereomeric interconversion over a barrier of 104 ± 2 kJ mol-1, which we term 'akamptisomerization'. Feasible interconversion processes between conceivable synthesis products and reaction intermediates were mapped out by density functional theory calculations, identifying bond-angle inversion (BAI) at a singly bonded atom as the reaction mechanism. We also introduce the necessary BAI stereodescriptors parvo and amplo. Based on an extended polytope formalism of molecular structure and stereoisomerization, BAI-driven akamptisomerization is shown to be the final fundamental type of conformational isomerization.
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30
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Fujimoto K, Osuka A. A 1,5-Naphthyridine-Fused Porphyrin Dimer: Intense NIR Absorption and Facile Redox Interconversion with Its Reduced Congener. Chemistry 2018. [PMID: 29536577 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201800854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
PtII -catalyzed cyclization of β-to-β ethynylene-bridged meso-amino NiII porphyrin dimer 4 followed by oxidation with PbO2 afforded 1,5-naphthyridine-fused porphyrin dimer 5 in good yield. This dimer possesses a redox-active 1,4-diazabutadiene linkage that is interconvertible with its reduced 1,2-diaminoethene linkage upon treatments with NaBH4 or PbO2 . The dimer 5 exhibits an intense NIR absorption and a narrow HOMO-LUMO gap with a remarkably low reduction potential mainly due to effective bonding interactions in the LUMO through the 1,4-diazabutadiene linkage. In contrast, the reduced dimer 7 is fairly electron-rich with high HOMO energy and shows a relatively large HOMO-LUMO gap compared to that of 5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Fujimoto
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Atsuhiro Osuka
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
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31
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Himmel H. Nucleophilic Neutral Diborane(4) Compounds with sp
3
–sp
3
‐Hybridized Boron Atoms. Eur J Inorg Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201800031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hans‐Jörg Himmel
- Anorganisch‐Chemisches Institut Ruprecht‐Karls‐Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
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32
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Song M, Song X, Bu Y. Spin coupling interactions in C[double bond, length as m-dash]C or B-B-cored porphyrin-mimetic graphene patch nitroxide diradicals. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018. [PMID: 29517098 DOI: 10.1039/c8cp00105g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In view of the unique structures and promising applications of porphyrins and their derivatives, exploration of their various properties has continued to a hot topic. In this work, we combine porphyrin-mimetic graphene patches which are core-modified by a C[double bond, length as m-dash]C or a B-B unit and two nitroxide radical groups to construct a series of novel diradical molecules (the CC-cored or BB-cored molecules). The spin coupling constants (J) of diradicals were calculated at the (U)B3LYP/6-311G(d,p) level by considering the different linking modes of two nitroxide groups. The results indicate that different core modification considerably affects the J values of such diradicals, and the linking modes can tune the sizes and signs of J, changing their magnetic coupling interactions with different magnitudes and the signs of J from antiferromagnetic to ferromagnetic or vice versa. More interestingly and importantly, the spin coupling interactions of the CC-cored molecules can also be tuned by stretching the core unit C-C bond, suggesting the possibility of activating specific vibrational modes of the CC-cored diradicals by energy pulses to yield variable J coupling magnitudes. On the other hand, for the BB-cored molecules, two-electron reduction can switch or tune their magnetism from ferromagnetic to antiferromagnetic. The essence of all observations is further analyzed from the structural effects and orbital and spin density distributions. The findings about magnetic regulation in these core-modified porphyrin-mimetic graphene patch nitroxide diradicals further expand the field of molecular magnets and provide a rational theoretical basis for designing novel building blocks of magnetic functional molecular materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiyu Song
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xinyu Song
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yuxiang Bu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, People's Republic of China. and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, People's Republic of China
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33
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Tay ACY, Frogley BJ, Ware DC, Brothers PJ. Boron calixphyrin complexes: exploring the coordination chemistry of a BODIPY/porphyrin hybrid. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:3388-3399. [PMID: 29431798 DOI: 10.1039/c7dt04575a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Boron complexes of calix[4]phyrins (1.1.1.1) were prepared by reacting the free-base ligands with BF3·Et2O. The reaction conditions can be efficiently tailored to produce mono- or di-boron calixphyrins. Mono-BF2 calixphyrins with boron coordinating to either the dipyrrin, BF2[H(Calix)], or dipyrromethane, BF2[H(Calix)] and BF2[H2(Calix)]+, bonding sites were isolated. The dipyrromethane isomer, BF2[H(Calix)], isomerises into BF2[H(Calix)] which kinetic studies and DFT calculations indicate is an intramolecular process. Two isomers of B2OF2(Calix) were isolated, one isomer bonding via the dipyrrin sites with the FBOBF moiety in cisoid geometry, and the second isomer bonding via the dipyrromethane sites with the FBOBF moiety in transoid geometry. Although the cisoid/dipyrrin isomer was calculated to be most energetically favourable for B2OF2(Calix), the isolation of the transoid/dipyrromethane isomer is postulated to occur via the presumed intermediate (BF2)2(Calix), for which DFT indicated a preference for transoid/dipyrromethane geometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Chin Yit Tay
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand.
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34
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Franz D, Szilvási T, Pöthig A, Deiser F, Inoue S. Three-Coordinate Boron(III) and Diboron(II) Dications. Chemistry 2018; 24:4283-4288. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201800609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Franz
- Department of Chemistry, Catalysis Research Center; Institute of Silicon Chemistry; Technische Universität München; Lichtenbergstr. 4 85748 Garching bei München Germany
| | - Tibor Szilvási
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering; University of Wisconsin-Madison; 1415 Engineering Drive Madison WI 53706-1607 USA
| | - Alexander Pöthig
- Department of Chemistry, Catalysis Research Center; Institute of Silicon Chemistry; Technische Universität München; Lichtenbergstr. 4 85748 Garching bei München Germany
| | - Franziska Deiser
- Department of Chemistry, Catalysis Research Center; Institute of Silicon Chemistry; Technische Universität München; Lichtenbergstr. 4 85748 Garching bei München Germany
| | - Shigeyoshi Inoue
- Department of Chemistry, Catalysis Research Center; Institute of Silicon Chemistry; Technische Universität München; Lichtenbergstr. 4 85748 Garching bei München Germany
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35
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Suzuki W, Kotani H, Ishizuka T, Shiota Y, Yoshizawa K, Kojima T. Formation and Isolation of a Four-Electron-Reduced Porphyrin Derivative by Reduction of a Stable 20π Isophlorin. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:1973-1977. [PMID: 29206356 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201711058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Revised: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The two-electron reduction of a diprotonated dodecaphenylporphyrin derivative by Na2 S2 O4 gave a corresponding isophlorin (Iph) selectively. Formation of Iph was confirmed by spectroscopic measurements and the isolation of tetramethylated Iph. Further reduction of Iph proceeded to form an unprecedented four-electron-reduced porphyrin (IphH2 ), which was fully characterized by spectroscopic and X-ray crystallographic analysis. IphH2 , with a unique conformation, could be oxidized to reproduce the starting porphyrin, resulting in a proton-coupled four-electron reversible redox system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wataru Suzuki
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennoudai Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8571, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Kotani
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennoudai Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8571, Japan
| | - Tomoya Ishizuka
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennoudai Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8571, Japan
| | - Yoshihito Shiota
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, Motooka, Nishi-Ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Kazunari Yoshizawa
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, Motooka, Nishi-Ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Takahiko Kojima
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennoudai Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8571, Japan
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36
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Suzuki W, Kotani H, Ishizuka T, Shiota Y, Yoshizawa K, Kojima T. Formation and Isolation of a Four-Electron-Reduced Porphyrin Derivative by Reduction of a Stable 20π Isophlorin. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201711058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wataru Suzuki
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences; University of Tsukuba; 1-1-1 Tennoudai Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-8571 Japan
| | - Hiroaki Kotani
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences; University of Tsukuba; 1-1-1 Tennoudai Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-8571 Japan
| | - Tomoya Ishizuka
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences; University of Tsukuba; 1-1-1 Tennoudai Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-8571 Japan
| | - Yoshihito Shiota
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering; Kyushu University; Motooka Nishi-Ku Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
| | - Kazunari Yoshizawa
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering; Kyushu University; Motooka Nishi-Ku Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
| | - Takahiko Kojima
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences; University of Tsukuba; 1-1-1 Tennoudai Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-8571 Japan
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37
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Horn J, Widera A, Litters S, Kaifer E, Himmel HJ. Tuning the nucleophilicity of electron-rich diborane(4) compounds with bridging guanidinate substituents by substitution. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:2009-2017. [PMID: 29345706 DOI: 10.1039/c7dt04433j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The proton affinity, HOMO energy and ionization energy of electron-rich sp3–sp3-hybridized diborane(4) compounds with bridging guanidinate substituents can be varied by substitution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Horn
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut
- Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg
- 69120 Heidelberg
- Germany
| | - Anna Widera
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut
- Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg
- 69120 Heidelberg
- Germany
| | - Sebastian Litters
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut
- Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg
- 69120 Heidelberg
- Germany
| | - Elisabeth Kaifer
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut
- Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg
- 69120 Heidelberg
- Germany
| | - Hans-Jörg Himmel
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut
- Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg
- 69120 Heidelberg
- Germany
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38
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Sudoh K, Satoh T, Amaya T, Furukawa K, Minoura M, Nakano H, Matano Y. Syntheses, Properties, and Catalytic Activities of Metal(II) Complexes and Free Bases of Redox-Switchable 20π, 19π, and 18π 5,10,15,20-Tetraaryl-5,15-diazaporphyrinoids. Chemistry 2017; 23:16364-16373. [PMID: 28895212 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201703664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In spite of significant advances in redox-active porphyrin-based materials and catalysts, little attention has been paid to 20π and 19π porphyrins because of their instability in air. Here we report the meso-modification of 5,10,15,20-tetraarylporphyrin with two nitrogen atoms, which led to redox-switchable 20π, 19π, and 18π 5,10,15,20-tetraaryl-5,15-diazaporphyrinoids (TADAPs). Three kinds of metal(II) complexes and free bases of TADAP were prepared by the metal-templated annulation of the corresponding metal-bis(dipyrrin) complexes. The inductive and resonance effects of the meso-nitrogen atoms on the aromatic, optical, electrochemical, and magnetic properties of the entire TADAP π-systems were assessed by using various spectroscopic measurements and density functional theory calculations. The aromaticity and π-π* electronic transition energies of the TADAPs varied considerably, and were shown to be dependent on the oxidation states of the π-systems. In contrast to the isoelectronic 5,10,15,20-tetraarylporphyrin derivatives, the 20π and 19π TADAPs were chemically stable under air. In particular, the 19π TADAP radical cations were extremely stable towards dioxygen, moisture, and silica gel. This reflected the low-lying singly occupied molecular orbitals of their π-systems and the efficient delocalization of their unshared electron spin. The capability of MgTADAP to catalyze aerobic biaryl formation from aryl Grignard reagents was demonstrated, which presumably involved a 19π/20π redox cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Sudoh
- Department of Fundamental Sciences, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, Nishi-ku, Niigata, 950-2181, Japan
| | - Takaharu Satoh
- Department of Fundamental Sciences, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, Nishi-ku, Niigata, 950-2181, Japan
| | - Toru Amaya
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Ko Furukawa
- Center for Coordination of Research Facilities, Institute for Research Promotion, Niigata University, Nishi-ku, Niigata, 950-2181, Japan
| | - Mao Minoura
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Rikkyo University, Toshima-ku, Tokyo, 171-8501, Japan
| | - Haruyuki Nakano
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyushu University, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Matano
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Niigata University, Nishi-ku, Niigata, 950-2181, Japan
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39
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Fan Lin
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, No. 100, Shih-Chuan First Road, Kaohsiung, Taiwan 80708
| | - Ching-Wen Chiu
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Section 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, Taiwan 10617
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40
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41
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Reddy BK, Basavarajappa A, Ambhore MD, Anand VG. Isophlorinoids: The Antiaromatic Congeners of Porphyrinoids. Chem Rev 2016; 117:3420-3443. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- B. Kiran Reddy
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune − 411008, Maharashtra, India
| | - Ashokkumar Basavarajappa
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune − 411008, Maharashtra, India
| | - Madan D. Ambhore
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune − 411008, Maharashtra, India
| | - Venkataramanarao G. Anand
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune − 411008, Maharashtra, India
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42
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Neeve EC, Geier SJ, Mkhalid IAI, Westcott SA, Marder TB. Diboron(4) Compounds: From Structural Curiosity to Synthetic Workhorse. Chem Rev 2016; 116:9091-161. [PMID: 27434758 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 726] [Impact Index Per Article: 90.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Although known for over 90 years, only in the past two decades has the chemistry of diboron(4) compounds been extensively explored. Many interesting structural features and reaction patterns have emerged, and more importantly, these compounds now feature prominently in both metal-catalyzed and metal-free methodologies for the formation of B-C bonds and other processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily C Neeve
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg , Würzburg 97074, Germany
| | - Stephen J Geier
- Mount Allison University , Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry, Sackville, New Brunswick E4L 1G8, Canada
| | | | - Stephen A Westcott
- Mount Allison University , Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry, Sackville, New Brunswick E4L 1G8, Canada
| | - Todd B Marder
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg , Würzburg 97074, Germany
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43
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Stępień M, Gońka E, Żyła M, Sprutta N. Heterocyclic Nanographenes and Other Polycyclic Heteroaromatic Compounds: Synthetic Routes, Properties, and Applications. Chem Rev 2016; 117:3479-3716. [PMID: 27258218 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 849] [Impact Index Per Article: 106.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensionally extended, polycyclic heteroaromatic molecules (heterocyclic nanographenes) are a highly versatile class of organic materials, applicable as functional chromophores and organic semiconductors. In this Review, we discuss the rich chemistry of large heteroaromatics, focusing on their synthesis, electronic properties, and applications in materials science. This Review summarizes the historical development and current state of the art in this rapidly expanding field of research, which has become one of the key exploration areas of modern heterocyclic chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Stępień
- Wydział Chemii, Uniwersytet Wrocławski , ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Gońka
- Wydział Chemii, Uniwersytet Wrocławski , ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Marika Żyła
- Wydział Chemii, Uniwersytet Wrocławski , ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Natasza Sprutta
- Wydział Chemii, Uniwersytet Wrocławski , ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
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44
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Yamaji A, Tsurugi H, Miyake Y, Mashima K, Shinokubo H. Chemo- and Regioselective Reduction of 5,15-Diazaporphyrins Providing Antiaromatic Azaporphyrinoids. Chemistry 2016; 22:3956-61. [PMID: 26762221 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201600066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Reagent-controlled chemo- and regioselective reduction of 5,15-diazaporphyrins has been developed. The selective reduction of carbon-carbon double bonds of diazaporphyrins provides 18 π aromatic isobacteriochlorin-type products, whereas the reduction of carbon-nitrogen double bonds leads to selective formation of 20 π N,N'-dihydrodiazaporphyrins in excellent yields. The distinct antiaromatic character of N,N'-dihydrodiazaporphyrins has been revealed. The free-base N,N'-dihydrodiazaporphyrin exhibits slower inner NH tautomerism than that in the corresponding 18 π porphyrins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayaka Yamaji
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan
| | - Hayato Tsurugi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Osaka, 560-8531, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Miyake
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan.
| | - Kazushi Mashima
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Osaka, 560-8531, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Shinokubo
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan.
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45
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Panchal SP, Gadekar SC, Anand VG. Controlled Core-Modification of a Porphyrin into an Antiaromatic Isophlorin. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:7797-800. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201511883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Revised: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Santosh P. Panchal
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER); Pune 411008 Maharashtra India
| | - Santosh C. Gadekar
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER); Pune 411008 Maharashtra India
| | - Venkataramanarao G. Anand
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER); Pune 411008 Maharashtra India
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46
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Panchal SP, Gadekar SC, Anand VG. Controlled Core-Modification of a Porphyrin into an Antiaromatic Isophlorin. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201511883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Santosh P. Panchal
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER); Pune 411008 Maharashtra India
| | - Santosh C. Gadekar
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER); Pune 411008 Maharashtra India
| | - Venkataramanarao G. Anand
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER); Pune 411008 Maharashtra India
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47
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Nozawa R, Yamamoto K, Hisaki I, Shin JY, Shinokubo H. NiII tetrahydronorcorroles: antiaromatic porphyrinoids with saturated pyrrole units. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:7106-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cc02918c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
While hydrogenated porphyrins are abundant in natural and synthetic compounds, antiaromatic hydrogenated porphyrinoids have not been synthesized to date. Here, we report bacteriochlorin-like NiII tetrahydronorcorrole complexes as the first examples of antiaromatic porphyrinoids that contain saturated pyrrole units.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Nozawa
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Nagoya University
- Nagoya
- Japan
| | - Keitaro Yamamoto
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Nagoya University
- Nagoya
- Japan
| | - Ichiro Hisaki
- Department of Material and Life Science
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Osaka University
- Osaka 565-0871
- Japan
| | - Ji-Young Shin
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Nagoya University
- Nagoya
- Japan
| | - Hiroshi Shinokubo
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Nagoya University
- Nagoya
- Japan
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48
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Szyszko B, Latos-Grażyński L. Core chemistry and skeletal rearrangements of porphyrinoids and metalloporphyrinoids. Chem Soc Rev 2015; 44:3588-616. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cs00398e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Porphyrin core alteration allows for the exploration of porphyrin-like or porphyrin-unlike coordination chemistry and provides an insight into reactions inside particularly shaped macrocyclic architecture including metal-mediated structural transformations.
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49
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Gopalakrishna TY, Anand VG. Reversible Redox Reaction Between Antiaromatic and Aromatic States of 32π-Expanded Isophlorins. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:6678-82. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201403372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2014] [Revised: 04/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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50
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Gopalakrishna TY, Anand VG. Reversible Redox Reaction Between Antiaromatic and Aromatic States of 32π-Expanded Isophlorins. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201403372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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