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Gieroba B, Kalisz G, Krysa M, Khalavka M, Przekora A. Application of Vibrational Spectroscopic Techniques in the Study of the Natural Polysaccharides and Their Cross-Linking Process. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032630. [PMID: 36768949 PMCID: PMC9916414 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Polysaccharides are one of the most abundant natural polymers and their molecular structure influences many crucial characteristics-inter alia hydrophobicity, mechanical, and physicochemical properties. Vibrational spectroscopic techniques, such as infrared (IR) and Raman spectroscopies are excellent tools to study their arrangement during polymerization and cross-linking processes. This review paper summarizes the application of the above-mentioned analytical methods to track the structure of natural polysaccharides, such as cellulose, hemicellulose, glucan, starch, chitosan, dextran, and their derivatives, which affects their industrial and medical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Gieroba
- Independent Unit of Spectroscopy and Chemical Imaging, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4a Street, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | - Grzegorz Kalisz
- Independent Unit of Spectroscopy and Chemical Imaging, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4a Street, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Mikolaj Krysa
- Independent Unit of Spectroscopy and Chemical Imaging, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4a Street, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Maryna Khalavka
- Independent Unit of Spectroscopy and Chemical Imaging, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4a Street, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
- Department of Industrial Technology of Drugs, National University of Pharmacy, Pushkins’ka 63 Street, 61002 Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - Agata Przekora
- Independent Unit of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 1 Street, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
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2
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Xu S, Camp CH, Lee YJ. Coherent
anti‐Stokes
Raman scattering microscopy for polymers. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20210317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuyu Xu
- Biosystems and Biomaterials Division National Institute of Standards and Technology Gaithersburg Maryland USA
| | - Charles H. Camp
- Biosystems and Biomaterials Division National Institute of Standards and Technology Gaithersburg Maryland USA
| | - Young Jong Lee
- Biosystems and Biomaterials Division National Institute of Standards and Technology Gaithersburg Maryland USA
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3
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Lee YJ. Theory of birefringence correction for polarization-controlled CARS. OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 28:9158-9173. [PMID: 32225528 PMCID: PMC7417012 DOI: 10.1364/oe.389558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Polarization-controlled coherent Raman spectroscopy is used as a high-throughput method to characterize the anisotropic nature of a molecular system, such as the molecular orientation distribution. However, optical birefringence originating from the molecular anisotropy can cause the observed Raman spectrum to be significantly distorted, making it extremely challenging to obtain quantitative information from polarization Raman measurements. Here, the birefringence effect on the signal intensity and the spectral shape of a polarization-controlled coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) is theoretically described using a uniaxially symmetrical model system. Due to the complexity, the effect of phase delay in the incident lights is not considered but only that of the generated CARS signal is considered. A new analytical method is presented to eliminate the birefringence contribution from polarization-controlled CARS data by analyzing polarization intensity profiles and retrieving the resonant Raman susceptibility spectra. This method is tested with two sets of polarization-controlled CARS data simulated with various combinations of symmetries of multiple underlying Raman modes. The analysis result clearly demonstrates that the effect of birefringence can be corrected for polarization-controlled CARS data and the symmetry tensor elements of all underlying Raman modes can be quantitatively characterized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Jong Lee
- Biosystems and Biomaterials Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
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4
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Okotrub KA, Zykova VA, Adichtchev SV, Surovtsev NV. Deciphering the orientation of lipid molecules by principal component analysis of Raman mapping data. Analyst 2020; 145:1466-1472. [DOI: 10.1039/c9an01499c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Raman spectroscopy reveals the orientational ordering of dry and hydrated phospholipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin A. Okotrub
- Institute of Automation and Electrometry
- Russian Academy of Sciences
- Novosibirsk
- Russia
| | - Valeriya A. Zykova
- Institute of Automation and Electrometry
- Russian Academy of Sciences
- Novosibirsk
- Russia
| | - Sergey V. Adichtchev
- Institute of Automation and Electrometry
- Russian Academy of Sciences
- Novosibirsk
- Russia
| | - Nikolay V. Surovtsev
- Institute of Automation and Electrometry
- Russian Academy of Sciences
- Novosibirsk
- Russia
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5
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Lee YJ. Concurrent polarization IR analysis to determine the 3D angles and the order parameter for molecular orientation imaging. OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 26:24577-24590. [PMID: 30469571 PMCID: PMC6289513 DOI: 10.1364/oe.26.024577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A non-tomographic analysis method is proposed to determine the 3D angles and the order parameter of molecular orientation using polarization-dependent infrared (IR) spectroscopy. Conventional polarization-based imaging approaches provide only 2D-projected orientational information of single vibrational modes. The newly proposed method concurrently analyses polarization angle-dependent absorptance of two non-parallel transition dipole moments. The relative phase angle and the maximum-to-minimum ratios observed from the two polarization profiles are used to calculate the 3D angles of the mean molecular orientation and the order parameter of the orientational distribution. Usage of those relative observables as intermediate input parameters makes the analysis results robust against variations in concentration, thickness, absorption peak, and absorption cross-section, which can occur in typical imaging conditions. This analysis is based on a single-step, non-iterative calculation that does not require any analytical model function of an orientational distribution function. This concurrent polarization analysis method is demonstrated using two simulation data examples, followed by associated error propagation analysis and discussion on the effect of absorption strength. Application of this robust spectral analysis method to polarization IR microscopy will provide a full molecular orientation image without tilting that tomographies require.
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Hinrichs K, Shaykhutdinov T. Polarization-Dependent Atomic Force Microscopy-Infrared Spectroscopy (AFM-IR): Infrared Nanopolarimetric Analysis of Structure and Anisotropy of Thin Films and Surfaces. APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY 2018; 72:817-832. [PMID: 29652171 DOI: 10.1177/0003702818763604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Infrared techniques enable nondestructive and label-free studies of thin films with high chemical and structural contrast. In this work, we review recent progress and perspectives in the nanoscale analysis of anisotropic materials using an extended version of the atomic force microscopy-infrared (AFM-IR) technique. This advanced photothermal technique, includes polarization control of the incoming light and bridges the gap in IR spectroscopic analysis of local anisotropic material properties. Such local anisotropy occurs in a wide range of materials during molecular nucleation, aggregation, and crystallization processes. However, analysis of the anisotropy in morphology and structure can be experimentally and theoretically demanding as it is related to order and disorder processes in ranges from nanoscopic to macroscopic length scales, depending on preparation and environmental conditions. In this context IR techniques can significantly assist as IR spectra can be interpreted in the framework of optical models and numerical calculations with respect to both, the present chemical conditions as well as the micro- and nanostructure. With these extraordinary analytic possibilities, the advanced AFM-IR approach is an essential puzzle piece in direction to connect nanoscale and macroscale anisotropic thin film properties experimentally. In this review, we highlight the analytic possibilities of AFM-IR for studies on nanoscale anisotropy with a set of examples for polymer, plasmonic, and polaritonic films, as well as aggregates of large molecules and proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karsten Hinrichs
- Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften-ISAS e.V., Berlin, Germany
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7
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Abstract
Empty spaces are abhorred by nature, which immediately rushes in to fill the void. Humans have learnt pretty well how to make ordered empty nanocontainers, and to get useful products out of them. When such an order is imparted to molecules, new properties may appear, often yielding advanced applications. This review illustrates how the organized void space inherently present in various materials: zeolites, clathrates, mesoporous silica/organosilica, and metal organic frameworks (MOF), for example, can be exploited to create confined, organized, and self-assembled supramolecular structures of low dimensionality. Features of the confining matrices relevant to organization are presented with special focus on molecular-level aspects. Selected examples of confined supramolecular assemblies - from small molecules to quantum dots or luminescent species - are aimed to show the complexity and potential of this approach. Natural confinement (minerals) and hyperconfinement (high pressure) provide further opportunities to understand and master the atomistic-level interactions governing supramolecular organization under nanospace restrictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Tabacchi
- Department of Science and High Technology, University of Insubria, Via Valleggio, 9 I-22100, Como, Italy
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Shaykhutdinov T, Pop SD, Furchner A, Hinrichs K. Supramolecular Orientation in Anisotropic Assemblies by Infrared Nanopolarimetry. ACS Macro Lett 2017; 6:598-602. [PMID: 35650843 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.7b00147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
We report on the experimental characterization of anisotropic supramolecular assemblies by infrared (IR) nanopolarimetry. The presented IR absorption anisotropy imaging method simultaneously provides nanoscale-resolved insights into internal composition, intermolecular interactions, and supramolecular orientation in a label-free and noninvasive fashion. Our study of porphyrin aggregates demonstrates that their morphology can be correlated with stable J-type and metastable H-type stacking-induced anisotropic organization, revealing different oriented attachment growth mechanisms supported by theory. This analysis establishes the broad applicability of IR nanopolarimetric studies to supramolecular polymerization and biomolecular assemblies, opening up new routes in polymer science and macromolecular research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timur Shaykhutdinov
- Interface Analytics
Research
Department, Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften − ISAS − e.V., Berlin 12489, Germany
| | - Simona D. Pop
- Interface Analytics
Research
Department, Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften − ISAS − e.V., Berlin 12489, Germany
| | - Andreas Furchner
- Interface Analytics
Research
Department, Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften − ISAS − e.V., Berlin 12489, Germany
| | - Karsten Hinrichs
- Interface Analytics
Research
Department, Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften − ISAS − e.V., Berlin 12489, Germany
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de Vito G, Cappello V, Tonazzini I, Cecchini M, Piazza V. RP-CARS reveals molecular spatial order anomalies in myelin of an animal model of Krabbe disease. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2017; 10:385-393. [PMID: 26990139 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201500305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Revised: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 02/21/2016] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Krabbe disease (KD) is a rare demyelinating sphingolipidosis, often fatal in the first years of life. It is caused by the inactivation of the galactocerebrosidase (GALC) enzyme that causes an increase in the cellular levels of psychosine considered to be at the origin of the tissue-level effects. GALC is inactivated also in the Twitcher (TWI) mouse: a genetic model of KD that is providing important insights into the understating of the pathogenetic process and the development of possible treatments. In this article an innovative optical technique, RP-CARS, is proposed as a tool to study the degree of order of the CH2 bonds inside the myelin sheaths of TWI-mice sciatic-nerve fibres. RP-CARS, a recently developed variation of CARS microscopy, is able to combine the intrinsic chemical selectivity of CARS microscopy with molecular-bond-spatial-orientation sensibility. This is the first time RP-CARS is applied to the study of a genetic model of a pathology, leading to the demonstration of a post-onset progressive spatial disorganization of the myelin CH2 bonds. The presented result could be of great interest for a deeper understanding of the pathogenic mechanisms underlying the human KD and, moreover, it is an additional proof of the experimental validity of this microscopy technique. RP-CARS image (2850 cm-1 , CH2 bonds) of a sciatic-nerve optical longitudinal section from a Twitcher P23 (symptomatic) mouse. Scale bar: 10 microns. The image was constructed by colour-mapping the degree of molecular order of the CH2 bonds inside the myelin walls, as displayed in the colour bar on the right.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe de Vito
- NEST, Scuola Normale Superiore, Piazza San Silvestro 12, I-56127, Pisa, Italy
- Center for Nanotechnology Innovation @NEST, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Piazza San Silvestro 12, I-56127, Pisa, Italy
| | - Valentina Cappello
- Center for Nanotechnology Innovation @NEST, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Piazza San Silvestro 12, I-56127, Pisa, Italy
| | - Ilaria Tonazzini
- NEST, Scuola Normale Superiore and Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR, Piazza San Silvestro 12, Pisa, I-56127, Italy
| | - Marco Cecchini
- NEST, Scuola Normale Superiore and Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR, Piazza San Silvestro 12, Pisa, I-56127, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Piazza
- Center for Nanotechnology Innovation @NEST, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Piazza San Silvestro 12, I-56127, Pisa, Italy
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Tabacchi G, Calzaferri G, Fois E. One-dimensional self-assembly of perylene-diimide dyes by unidirectional transit of zeolite channel openings. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:11195-8. [PMID: 27484884 DOI: 10.1039/c6cc05303c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Confined supramolecular architectures of chromophores are key components in artificial antenna composites for solar energy harvesting and storage. A typical fabrication process, based on the insertion of dye molecules into zeolite channels, is still unknown at the molecular level. We show that slipping of perylene diimide dyes into the one-dimensional channels of zeolite L and travelling inside is only possible because of steric-interaction-induced cooperative vibrational modes of the host and the guest. The funnel-like structure of the channel opening, larger at the entrance, along with a directionally asymmetric entrance-exit probability, ensures a favorable self-assembly process of the perylene units.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Tabacchi
- Department of Science and High Technology, University of Insubria, and INSTM, Via Valleggio 9, I-22100 Como, Italy.
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11
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Lee YJ. Determination of 3D molecular orientation by concurrent polarization analysis of multiple Raman modes in broadband CARS spectroscopy. OPTICS EXPRESS 2015; 23:29279-95. [PMID: 26561197 PMCID: PMC4819338 DOI: 10.1364/oe.23.029279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
A theoretical description is presented about a new analysis method to determine three-dimensional (3D) molecular orientation by concurrently analyzing multiple Raman polarization profiles. Conventional approaches to polarization Raman spectroscopy are based on single peaks, and their 2D-projected polarization profiles are limited in providing 3D orientational information. Our new method analyzes multiple Raman profiles acquired by a single polarization scanning measurement of broadband coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (BCARS). Because the analysis uses only dimensionless quantities, such as intensity ratios and phase difference between multiple profiles, the results are not affected by sample concentration and the system response function. We describe how to determine the 3D molecular orientation with the dimensionless observables by using two simplified model cases. In addition, we discuss the effect of orientational broadening on the polarization profiles in the two model cases. We find that in the presence of broadening we can still determine the mean 3D orientation angles and, furthermore, the degree of orientational broadening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Jong Lee
- Biosystems and Biomaterials Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
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12
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Sprung C, Weckhuysen BM. Differences in the location of guest molecules within zeolite pores as revealed by multilaser excitation confocal fluorescence microscopy: which molecule is where? J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:1916-28. [PMID: 25590519 PMCID: PMC4435783 DOI: 10.1021/ja511381f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
A detailed and systematic polarized confocal fluorescence microscopy investigation is presented on three batches of large coffin-shaped ZSM-5 crystals (i.e., parent, steamed at 500 °C, and steamed at 700 °C). In total, six laser lines of different wavelength in the visible region are employed on two crystal positions and three orientations with respect to the polarization plane of the excitation laser light. A fluorescent probe molecule is generated inside the zeolite pores, originating from the acid-catalyzed oligomerization of 4-fluorostyrene. A thorough analysis of the polarization plane of emitting fluorescent light reveals insight into the orientation of the fluorescent probe molecule restricted by the highly ordered zeolite channel framework, thereby visualizing pore accessibility and clearly distinguishing the occupation of straight and sinusoidal channels by the probe molecule. Spectral features are, furthermore, observed to tell apart molecules situated in one or the other pore. Special focus was given on the rim and tip regions of the zeolite ZSM-5 crystals. On the basis of the confocal approach of the investigation, the aforementioned features are evaluated in three dimensions, while the degradation of the zeolite framework upon postsynthesis steam treatment could be visualized by occupation of the sinusoidal pores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Sprung
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis,
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Bert M. Weckhuysen
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis,
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
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