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Das S, Banerjee A, Roy S, Mallick T, Maiti S, De P. Zwitterionic Polysulfobetaine Inhibits Cancer Cell Migration Owing to Actin Cytoskeleton Dynamics. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2024; 7:144-153. [PMID: 38150303 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.3c00682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
Cell migration is an essential dynamic process for most living cells, mainly driven by the reorganization of actin cytoskeleton. To control actin dynamics, a molecular architecture that can serve as a nucleator has been designed by polymerizing sulfobetaine methacrylate. The synthesized zwitterionic polymer, poly(sulfobetaine methacrylate) (PZI), effectively nucleates the polymerization process of G-actin and substantially accelerates the rate of polymerization. Isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) and bioinformatics analysis indicated binding between PZI and monomeric G-actin. Thus, in vitro actin dynamics was studied by dynamic light scattering (DLS), pyrene-actin polymerization assay, and total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy (TIRFM). Furthermore, a 4,4-difluoro-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene (BODIPY) fluorophore-containing monomeric unit was incorporated into the sulfobetaine zwitterionic architecture to visualize the effect of polymer in the cellular environment. The BODIPY-containing zwitterionic sulfobetaine polymer (PZI-F) successfully penetrated the cell and remained in the lysosome with minimal cytotoxicity. Confocal microscopy revealed the influence of this polymer on the cellular actin cytoskeleton dynamics. The PZI-F polymer was successfully able to inhibit the collective migration of the human cervical cancer cell line (HeLa cell) and breast cancer cell line (MDA-MB-231 cell), as confirmed by a wound healing assay. Therefore, polyzwitterionic sulfobetaine could be explored as an inhibitor of cancer cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubham Das
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal 741246, India
| | - Arnab Banerjee
- Polymer Research Centre and Centre for Advanced Functional Materials, Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal 741246, India
| | - Subhadip Roy
- Polymer Research Centre and Centre for Advanced Functional Materials, Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal 741246, India
| | - Tamanna Mallick
- Polymer Research Centre and Centre for Advanced Functional Materials, Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal 741246, India
| | - Sankar Maiti
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal 741246, India
| | - Priyadarsi De
- Polymer Research Centre and Centre for Advanced Functional Materials, Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal 741246, India
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2
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Das S, Maiti S. Probing the ligand binding specificity of FNBP4 WW domains and interaction with FH1 domain of FMN1. Curr Res Struct Biol 2023; 7:100119. [PMID: 38188541 PMCID: PMC10770428 DOI: 10.1016/j.crstbi.2023.100119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Formins are a group of actin-binding proteins that mediate nascent actin filament polymerization, filament elongation, and barbed end-capping function, thereby regulating different cellular and developmental processes. Developmental processes like vertebrate gastrulation, neural growth cone dynamics, and limb development require formins functioning in a regulated manner. Formin-binding proteins like Rho GTPase regulate the activation of auto-inhibited conformation of diaphanous formins. Unlike other diaphanous formins, Formin1 (FMN1) a non-diaphanous formin is not regulated by Rho GTPase. FMN1 acts as an antagonist of the Bone Morphogenetic Protein (BMP) signaling pathway during limb development. Several previous reports demonstrated that WW domain-containing proteins can interact with poly-proline-rich amino acid stretches of formins and play a crucial role in developmental processes. In contrast, WW domain-containing Formin-binding Protein 4 (FNBP4) protein plays an essential role in limb development. It has been hypothesized that the interaction between FNBP4 and FMN1 can further attribute to the role in limb development through the BMP signaling pathway. In this study, we have elucidated the binding kinetics of FNBP4 and FMN1 using surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). Our findings confirm that the FNBP4 exhibits interaction with the poly-proline-rich formin homology 1 (FH1) domain of FMN1. Furthermore, only the first WW1 domains are involved in the interaction between the two domains. Thus, this study sheds light on the binding potentialities of WW domains of FNBP4 that might contribute to the regulation of FMN1 function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubham Das
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, 741246, Nadia, West Bengal, India
| | - Sankar Maiti
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, 741246, Nadia, West Bengal, India
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3
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Li Z, Su M, Xie X, Wang P, Bi H, Li E, Ren K, Dong L, Lv Z, Ma X, Liu Y, Zhao B, Peng Y, Liu J, Liu L, Yang J, Ji P, Mei Y. mDia formins form hetero-oligomers and cooperatively maintain murine hematopoiesis. PLoS Genet 2023; 19:e1011084. [PMID: 38157491 PMCID: PMC10756686 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1011084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
mDia formin proteins regulate the dynamics and organization of the cytoskeleton through their linear actin nucleation and polymerization activities. We previously showed that mDia1 deficiency leads to aberrant innate immune activation and induces myelodysplasia in a mouse model, and mDia2 regulates enucleation and cytokinesis of erythroblasts and the engraftment of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs). However, whether and how mDia formins interplay and regulate hematopoiesis under physiological and stress conditions remains unknown. Here, we found that both mDia1 and mDia2 are required for HSPC regeneration under stress, such as serial plating, aging, and reconstitution after myeloid ablation. We showed that mDia1 and mDia2 form hetero-oligomers through the interactions between mDia1 GBD-DID and mDia2 DAD domains. Double knockout of mDia1 and mDia2 in hematopoietic cells synergistically impaired the filamentous actin network and serum response factor-involved transcriptional signaling, which led to declined HSPCs, severe anemia, and significant mortality in neonates and newborn mice. Our data demonstrate the potential roles of mDia hetero-oligomerization and their non-rodent functions in the regulation of HSPCs activity and orchestration of hematopoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaofeng Li
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Model and Molecular Medicine, Hunan University, Changsha, China
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Hunan University, Changsha, China
| | - Meng Su
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Model and Molecular Medicine, Hunan University, Changsha, China
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Hunan University, Changsha, China
| | - Xinshu Xie
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Model and Molecular Medicine, Hunan University, Changsha, China
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Hunan University, Changsha, China
| | - Pan Wang
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Honghao Bi
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Ermin Li
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Kehan Ren
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Lili Dong
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Model and Molecular Medicine, Hunan University, Changsha, China
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Hunan University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhiyi Lv
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Model and Molecular Medicine, Hunan University, Changsha, China
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Hunan University, Changsha, China
| | - Xuezhen Ma
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Model and Molecular Medicine, Hunan University, Changsha, China
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Hunan University, Changsha, China
| | - Yijie Liu
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Baobing Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yuanliang Peng
- Department of Hematology, the Second Xiangya Hospital; Molecular Biology Research Center, School of Life Sciences; Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Hematology, Central South University; Changsha, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Hematology, the Second Xiangya Hospital; Molecular Biology Research Center, School of Life Sciences; Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Hematology, Central South University; Changsha, China
| | - Lu Liu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Model and Molecular Medicine, Hunan University, Changsha, China
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Hunan University, Changsha, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Peng Ji
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Yang Mei
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Model and Molecular Medicine, Hunan University, Changsha, China
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Hunan University, Changsha, China
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Phillips AT, Boumil EF, Venkatesan A, Tilstra-Smith C, Castro N, Knox BE, Henty-Ridilla JL, Bernstein AM. The formin DAAM1 regulates the deubiquitinase activity of USP10 and integrin homeostasis. Eur J Cell Biol 2023; 102:151347. [PMID: 37562219 PMCID: PMC10839120 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2023.151347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The differentiation of fibroblasts into pathological myofibroblasts during wound healing is characterized by increased cell surface expression of αv-integrins. Our previous studies found that the deubiquitinase (DUB) USP10 removes ubiquitin from αv-integrins, leading to cell surface integrin accumulation, subsequent TGFβ1 activation, and pathological myofibroblast differentiation. In this study, a yeast two-hybrid screen revealed a novel binding partner for USP10, the formin, DAAM1. We found that DAAM1 binds to and inhibits USP10's DUB activity through the FH2 domain of DAAM1 independent of its actin functions. The USP10/DAAM1 interaction was also supported by proximity ligation assay (PLA) in primary human corneal fibroblasts. Treatment with TGFβ1 significantly increased USP10 and DAAM1 protein expression, PLA signal, and co-localization to actin stress fibers. DAAM1 siRNA knockdown significantly reduced co-precipitation of USP10 and DAAM1 on purified actin stress fibers, and β1- and β5-integrin ubiquitination. This resulted in increased αv-, β1-, and β5-integrin total protein levels, αv-integrin recycling, and extracellular fibronectin (FN) deposition. Together, our data demonstrate that DAAM1 inhibits USP10's DUB activity on integrins subsequently regulating cell surface αv-integrin localization and FN accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew T Phillips
- SUNY Upstate Medical University, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, 750 East Adams Street, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
| | - Edward F Boumil
- SUNY Upstate Medical University, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, 750 East Adams Street, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
| | - Arunkumar Venkatesan
- SUNY Upstate Medical University, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, 750 East Adams Street, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
| | - Christine Tilstra-Smith
- SUNY Upstate Medical University, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, 750 East Adams Street, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
| | - Nileyma Castro
- SUNY Upstate Medical University, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, 750 East Adams Street, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA; New York VA Health Care, Syracuse VA Medical Center, 800 Irving Ave, Syracuse 13210, USA
| | - Barry E Knox
- SUNY Upstate Medical University, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, 750 East Adams Street, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA; SUNY Upstate Medical University, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 750 East Adams Street, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
| | - Jessica L Henty-Ridilla
- SUNY Upstate Medical University, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 750 East Adams Street, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
| | - Audrey M Bernstein
- SUNY Upstate Medical University, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, 750 East Adams Street, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA; SUNY Upstate Medical University, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 750 East Adams Street, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA; New York VA Health Care, Syracuse VA Medical Center, 800 Irving Ave, Syracuse 13210, USA.
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5
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Theophall GG, Ramirez LMS, Premo A, Reverdatto S, Manigrasso MB, Yepuri G, Burz DS, Ramasamy R, Schmidt AM, Shekhtman A. Disruption of the productive encounter complex results in dysregulation of DIAPH1 activity. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:105342. [PMID: 37832872 PMCID: PMC10656230 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The diaphanous-related formin, Diaphanous 1 (DIAPH1), is required for the assembly of Filamentous (F)-actin structures. DIAPH1 is an intracellular effector of the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) and contributes to RAGE signaling and effects such as increased cell migration upon RAGE stimulation. Mutations in DIAPH1, including those in the basic "RRKR" motif of its autoregulatory domain, diaphanous autoinhibitory domain (DAD), are implicated in hearing loss, macrothrombocytopenia, and cardiovascular diseases. The solution structure of the complex between the N-terminal inhibitory domain, DID, and the C-terminal DAD, resolved by NMR spectroscopy shows only transient interactions between DID and the basic motif of DAD, resembling those found in encounter complexes. Cross-linking studies placed the RRKR motif into the negatively charged cavity of DID. Neutralizing the cavity resulted in a 5-fold decrease in the binding affinity and 4-fold decrease in the association rate constant of DAD for DID, indicating that the RRKR interactions with DID form a productive encounter complex. A DIAPH1 mutant containing a neutralized RRKR binding cavity shows excessive colocalization with actin and is unresponsive to RAGE stimulation. This is the first demonstration of a specific alteration of the surfaces responsible for productive encounter complexation with implications for human pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory G Theophall
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Albany, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Lisa M S Ramirez
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Albany, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Aaron Premo
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Albany, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Sergey Reverdatto
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Albany, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Michaele B Manigrasso
- Department of Medicine, Diabetes Research Program, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Gautham Yepuri
- Department of Medicine, Diabetes Research Program, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - David S Burz
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Albany, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Ravichandran Ramasamy
- Department of Medicine, Diabetes Research Program, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Ann Marie Schmidt
- Department of Medicine, Diabetes Research Program, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Alexander Shekhtman
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Albany, Albany, New York, USA.
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6
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Chiereghin C, Robusto M, Massa V, Castorina P, Ambrosetti U, Asselta R, Soldà G. Role of Cytoskeletal Diaphanous-Related Formins in Hearing Loss. Cells 2022; 11:cells11111726. [PMID: 35681420 PMCID: PMC9179844 DOI: 10.3390/cells11111726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Hearing relies on the proper functioning of auditory hair cells and on actin-based cytoskeletal structures. Diaphanous-related formins (DRFs) are evolutionarily conserved cytoskeletal proteins that regulate the nucleation of linear unbranched actin filaments. They play key roles during metazoan development, and they seem particularly pivotal for the correct physiology of the reproductive and auditory systems. Indeed, in Drosophila melanogaster, a single diaphanous (dia) gene is present, and mutants show sterility and impaired response to sound. Vertebrates, instead, have three orthologs of the diaphanous gene: DIAPH1, DIAPH2, and DIAPH3. In humans, defects in DIAPH1 and DIAPH3 have been associated with different types of hearing loss. In particular, heterozygous mutations in DIAPH1 are responsible for autosomal dominant deafness with or without thrombocytopenia (DFNA1, MIM #124900), whereas regulatory mutations inducing the overexpression of DIAPH3 cause autosomal dominant auditory neuropathy 1 (AUNA1, MIM #609129). Here, we provide an overview of the expression and function of DRFs in normal hearing and deafness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Chiereghin
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, 20089 Milan, Italy; (C.C.); (R.A.)
| | - Michela Robusto
- Experimental Therapeutics Program, IFOM ETS—The AIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milan, Italy;
| | - Valentina Massa
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Di Rudinì 8, 20146 Milan, Italy;
| | | | - Umberto Ambrosetti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e di Comunità, Università degli Studi di Milano and Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, UO Audiologia, Via F. Sforza 35, 20122 Milan, Italy;
| | - Rosanna Asselta
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, 20089 Milan, Italy; (C.C.); (R.A.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, 20072 Milan, Italy
| | - Giulia Soldà
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, 20089 Milan, Italy; (C.C.); (R.A.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, 20072 Milan, Italy
- Correspondence:
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7
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Wang JC, Yim YI, Wu X, Jaumouille V, Cameron A, Waterman CM, Kehrl JH, Hammer JA. A B-cell actomyosin arc network couples integrin co-stimulation to mechanical force-dependent immune synapse formation. eLife 2022; 11:e72805. [PMID: 35404237 PMCID: PMC9142150 DOI: 10.7554/elife.72805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
B-cell activation and immune synapse (IS) formation with membrane-bound antigens are actin-dependent processes that scale positively with the strength of antigen-induced signals. Importantly, ligating the B-cell integrin, LFA-1, with ICAM-1 promotes IS formation when antigen is limiting. Whether the actin cytoskeleton plays a specific role in integrin-dependent IS formation is unknown. Here, we show using super-resolution imaging of mouse primary B cells that LFA-1:ICAM-1 interactions promote the formation of an actomyosin network that dominates the B-cell IS. This network is created by the formin mDia1, organized into concentric, contractile arcs by myosin 2A, and flows inward at the same rate as B-cell receptor (BCR):antigen clusters. Consistently, individual BCR microclusters are swept inward by individual actomyosin arcs. Under conditions where integrin is required for synapse formation, inhibiting myosin impairs synapse formation, as evidenced by reduced antigen centralization, diminished BCR signaling, and defective signaling protein distribution at the synapse. Together, these results argue that a contractile actomyosin arc network plays a key role in the mechanism by which LFA-1 co-stimulation promotes B-cell activation and IS formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia C Wang
- Cell and Developmental Biology Center, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaUnited States
| | - Yang-In Yim
- Cell and Developmental Biology Center, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaUnited States
| | - Xufeng Wu
- Light Microscopy Core, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaUnited States
| | - Valentin Jaumouille
- Cell and Developmental Biology Center, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaUnited States
| | - Andrew Cameron
- Cell and Developmental Biology Center, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaUnited States
| | - Clare M Waterman
- Cell and Developmental Biology Center, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaUnited States
| | - John H Kehrl
- B Cell Molecular Immunology Section, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaUnited States
| | - John A Hammer
- Cell and Developmental Biology Center, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaUnited States
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Abstract
The precise assembly and disassembly of actin filaments is required for several cellular processes, and their regulation has been scrutinized for decades. Twenty years ago, a handful of studies marked the advent of a new type of experiment to study actin dynamics: using optical microscopy to look at individual events, taking place on individual filaments in real time. Here, we summarize the main characteristics of this approach and how it has changed our ability to understand actin assembly dynamics. We also highlight some of its caveats and reflect on what we have learned over the past 20 years, leading us to propose a set of guidelines, which we hope will contribute to a better exploitation of this powerful tool.
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9
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Rabbolini D, Liang HPH, Morel-Kopp MC, Connor D, Whittaker S, Dunkley S, Donikian D, Kondo M, Chen W, Stevenson WS, Campbell H, Joseph J, Ward C, Brighton T, Chen VM. Building platelet phenotypes: diaphanous-related formin 1 (DIAPH1)-related disorder. Platelets 2021; 33:432-442. [PMID: 34223798 DOI: 10.1080/09537104.2021.1937593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Variants of the Diaphanous-Related Formin 1 (DIAPH-1) gene have recently been reported causing inherited macrothrombocytopenia. The essential/"diagnostic" characteristics associated with the disorder are emerging; however, robust and complete criteria are not established. Here, we report the first cases of DIAPH1-related disorder in Australia caused by the autosomal dominant gain-of-function DIAPH1 R1213X variant formed by truncation of the protein within the diaphanous auto-regulatory domain (DAD) with loss of regulatory motifs responsible for autoinhibitory interactions within the DIAPH1 protein. We affirm phenotypic changes induced by the DIAPH1 R1213X variant to include macrothrombocytopenia, early-onset progressive sensorineural hearing loss, and mild asymptomatic neutropenia. High-resolution microscopy confirms perturbations of cytoskeletal dynamics caused by the DIAPH1 variant and we extend the repertoire of changes generated by this variant to include alteration of procoagulant platelet formation and possible dental anomalies.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Rabbolini
- Department of Haematology, Lismore Base Hospital, Lismore, NSW, Australia.,Northern Blood Research Centre, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Hai Po Helena Liang
- Platelets, Thrombosis and Cancer Research Laboratory, ANZAC Research Institute and Concord Repatriation Hospital, Concord, NSW, Australia
| | - Marie-Christine Morel-Kopp
- Northern Blood Research Centre, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - David Connor
- St Vincent's Centre for Applied Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Shane Whittaker
- Platelets, Thrombosis and Cancer Research Laboratory, ANZAC Research Institute and Concord Repatriation Hospital, Concord, NSW, Australia
| | - Scott Dunkley
- Department of Haematology, The Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Dea Donikian
- Department of Haematology, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Haematology NSW Health Pathology Randwick, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Mayuko Kondo
- Department of Haematology, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Haematology NSW Health Pathology Randwick, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Walter Chen
- Northern Blood Research Centre, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - William S Stevenson
- Northern Blood Research Centre, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Department of Haematology and Transfusion Medicine, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Heather Campbell
- Platelets, Thrombosis and Cancer Research Laboratory, ANZAC Research Institute and Concord Repatriation Hospital, Concord, NSW, Australia
| | - Joanne Joseph
- St Vincent's Centre for Applied Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Department of Haematology, St Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Christopher Ward
- Northern Blood Research Centre, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Department of Haematology and Transfusion Medicine, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Timothy Brighton
- Department of Haematology, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Haematology NSW Health Pathology Randwick, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Vivien M Chen
- Platelets, Thrombosis and Cancer Research Laboratory, ANZAC Research Institute and Concord Repatriation Hospital, Concord, NSW, Australia.,Department of Haematology, Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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10
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Filić V, Mijanović L, Putar D, Talajić A, Ćetković H, Weber I. Regulation of the Actin Cytoskeleton via Rho GTPase Signalling in Dictyostelium and Mammalian Cells: A Parallel Slalom. Cells 2021; 10:1592. [PMID: 34202767 PMCID: PMC8305917 DOI: 10.3390/cells10071592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Both Dictyostelium amoebae and mammalian cells are endowed with an elaborate actin cytoskeleton that enables them to perform a multitude of tasks essential for survival. Although these organisms diverged more than a billion years ago, their cells share the capability of chemotactic migration, large-scale endocytosis, binary division effected by actomyosin contraction, and various types of adhesions to other cells and to the extracellular environment. The composition and dynamics of the transient actin-based structures that are engaged in these processes are also astonishingly similar in these evolutionary distant organisms. The question arises whether this remarkable resemblance in the cellular motility hardware is accompanied by a similar correspondence in matching software, the signalling networks that govern the assembly of the actin cytoskeleton. Small GTPases from the Rho family play pivotal roles in the control of the actin cytoskeleton dynamics. Indicatively, Dictyostelium matches mammals in the number of these proteins. We give an overview of the Rho signalling pathways that regulate the actin dynamics in Dictyostelium and compare them with similar signalling networks in mammals. We also provide a phylogeny of Rho GTPases in Amoebozoa, which shows a variability of the Rho inventories across different clades found also in Metazoa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vedrana Filić
- Division of Molecular Biology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (L.M.); (D.P.); (A.T.); (H.Ć.)
| | | | | | | | | | - Igor Weber
- Division of Molecular Biology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (L.M.); (D.P.); (A.T.); (H.Ć.)
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11
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Schneider R, Deutsch K, Hoeprich GJ, Marquez J, Hermle T, Braun DA, Seltzsam S, Kitzler TM, Mao Y, Buerger F, Majmundar AJ, Onuchic-Whitford AC, Kolvenbach CM, Schierbaum L, Schneider S, Halawi AA, Nakayama M, Mann N, Connaughton DM, Klämbt V, Wagner M, Riedhammer KM, Renders L, Katsura Y, Thumkeo D, Soliman NA, Mane S, Lifton RP, Shril S, Khokha MK, Hoefele J, Goode BL, Hildebrandt F. DAAM2 Variants Cause Nephrotic Syndrome via Actin Dysregulation. Am J Hum Genet 2020; 107:1113-1128. [PMID: 33232676 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2020.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The discovery of >60 monogenic causes of nephrotic syndrome (NS) has revealed a central role for the actin regulators RhoA/Rac1/Cdc42 and their effectors, including the formin INF2. By whole-exome sequencing (WES), we here discovered bi-allelic variants in the formin DAAM2 in four unrelated families with steroid-resistant NS. We show that DAAM2 localizes to the cytoplasm in podocytes and in kidney sections. Further, the variants impair DAAM2-dependent actin remodeling processes: wild-type DAAM2 cDNA, but not cDNA representing missense variants found in individuals with NS, rescued reduced podocyte migration rate (PMR) and restored reduced filopodia formation in shRNA-induced DAAM2-knockdown podocytes. Filopodia restoration was also induced by the formin-activating molecule IMM-01. DAAM2 also co-localizes and co-immunoprecipitates with INF2, which is intriguing since variants in both formins cause NS. Using in vitro bulk and TIRF microscopy assays, we find that DAAM2 variants alter actin assembly activities of the formin. In a Xenopus daam2-CRISPR knockout model, we demonstrate actin dysregulation in vivo and glomerular maldevelopment that is rescued by WT-DAAM2 mRNA. We conclude that DAAM2 variants are a likely cause of monogenic human SRNS due to actin dysregulation in podocytes. Further, we provide evidence that DAAM2-associated SRNS may be amenable to treatment using actin regulating compounds.
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12
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Li YY, Jiang GT, Chen LJ, Jiang YH, Jiao JD. Formin mDia1 contributes to migration and epithelial-mesenchymal transition of tubular epithelial cells exposed to TGF-β1. J Cell Biochem 2020; 121:3861-3870. [PMID: 31692057 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.29508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Renal tubular epithelial cells may undergo epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in response to stimuli, such as transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1, leading to myofibroblast activation and renal fibrosis. The formin mDia1 is required for nucleation and polymerization of actin and the microtubule cytoskeleton. The present study sought to explore the role of mDia1 in EMT of tubular epithelial cells. A rat model of unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) was established. The expression of TGF-β1, collagen I, collagen III, and mDia1 in the kidneys was examined at day 7 after surgery. The effect of mDia1 on EMT was explored in NRK-52E cells by exposing them to TGF-β1. Increased expression of TGF-β1, collagen I, collagen III, and mDia1 was found in obstructive kidneys of UUO model rats. Exposing rat tubular epithelial cells to TGF-β1 promoted collagen I and collagen III expression but had no effect on mDia1 expression. Silencing mDia1 expression impeded epithelial cell migration as well as reduced TGF-β1, collagen, and Profilin1 expression, whereas mDia1 overexpression exerted an opposite effect. Furthermore, mDia1 regulated the expression of vimentin, α-smooth muscle actin, and E-cadherin and focal adhesion-kinase (FAK)/Src activation through Profilin1. Inhibition of the mDia1 activator RhoA by fasudil reversed EMT, and FAK/Src activation induced by mDia1. In conclusion, mDia1 regulated tubular epithelial cell migration, collagen expression, and EMT in NRK-52E cells exposed to TGF-β1. Thus, suppression of mDia1 activation might be a strategy to counteract renal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ying Li
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China.,Department of Nephrology, The 962 Hospital of PLA Joint Logistic Support Force, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Guo-Tao Jiang
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Li-Jie Chen
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Hospital of Harbin, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yan-Hong Jiang
- Department of Paediatrics, Hefei BOE Hospital, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Jun-Dong Jiao
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
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13
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Chen A, Arora PD, Lai CC, Copeland JW, Moraes TF, McCulloch CA, Lavoie BD, Wilde A. The scaffold-protein IQGAP1 enhances and spatially restricts the actin-nucleating activity of Diaphanous-related formin 1 (DIAPH1). J Biol Chem 2020; 295:3134-3147. [PMID: 32005666 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.010476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The actin cytoskeleton is a dynamic array of filaments that undergoes rapid remodeling to drive many cellular processes. An essential feature of filament remodeling is the spatio-temporal regulation of actin filament nucleation. One family of actin filament nucleators, the Diaphanous-related formins, is activated by the binding of small G-proteins such as RhoA. However, RhoA only partially activates formins, suggesting that additional factors are required to fully activate the formin. Here we identify one such factor, IQ motif containing GTPase activating protein-1 (IQGAP1), which enhances RhoA-mediated activation of the Diaphanous-related formin (DIAPH1) and targets DIAPH1 to the plasma membrane. We find that the inhibitory intramolecular interaction within DIAPH1 is disrupted by the sequential binding of RhoA and IQGAP1. Binding of RhoA and IQGAP1 robustly stimulates DIAPH1-mediated actin filament nucleation in vitro In contrast, the actin capping protein Flightless-I, in conjunction with RhoA, only weakly stimulates DIAPH1 activity. IQGAP1, but not Flightless-I, is required to recruit DIAPH1 to the plasma membrane where actin filaments are generated. These results indicate that IQGAP1 enhances RhoA-mediated activation of DIAPH1 in vivo Collectively these data support a model where the combined action of RhoA and an enhancer ensures the spatio-temporal regulation of actin nucleation to stimulate robust and localized actin filament production in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anan Chen
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1M1, Canada
| | - Pam D Arora
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1M1, Canada
| | - Christine C Lai
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1M1, Canada
| | - John W Copeland
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Trevor F Moraes
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1M1, Canada
| | | | - Brigitte D Lavoie
- Department Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1M1, Canada
| | - Andrew Wilde
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1M1, Canada; Department Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1M1, Canada.
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14
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Li Z, Lee H, Eskin SG, Ono S, Zhu C, McIntire LV. Mechanochemical coupling of formin-induced actin interaction at the level of single molecular complex. Biomech Model Mechanobiol 2020; 19:1509-1521. [PMID: 31965350 DOI: 10.1007/s10237-019-01284-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Formins promote actin assembly and are involved in force-dependent cytoskeletal remodeling. However, how force alters the formin functions still needs to be investigated. Here, using atomic force microscopy and biomembrane force probe, we investigated how mechanical force affects formin-mediated actin interactions at the level of single molecular complexes. The biophysical parameters of G-actin/G-actin (GG) or G-actin/F-actin (GF) interactions were measured under force loading in the absence or presence of two C-terminal fragments of the mouse formin mDia1: mDia1Ct that contains formin homology 2 domain (FH2) and diaphanous autoregulatory domain (DAD) and mDia1Ct-ΔDAD that contains only FH2. Under force-free conditions, neither association nor dissociation kinetics of GG and GF interactions were significantly affected by mDia1Ct or mDia1Ct-ΔDAD. Under tensile forces (0-7 pN), the average lifetimes of these bonds were prolonged and molecular complexes were stiffened in the presence of mDia1Ct, indicating mDia1Ct association kinetically stabilizes and mechanically strengthens bonds of the dimer and at the end of the F-actin under force. Interestingly, mDia1Ct-ΔDAD prolonged the lifetime of GF but not GG bond under force, suggesting the DAD domain is critical for mDia1Ct to strengthen GG interaction. These data unravel the mechanochemical coupling in formin-induced actin assembly and provide evidence to understand the initiation of formin-mediated actin elongation and nucleation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhai Li
- Wallace H Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 313 Ferst Drive NW, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Mechanics in Energy Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Applied Mathematics and Mechanics, School of Mechanics and Engineering Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Hyunjung Lee
- Wallace H Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 313 Ferst Drive NW, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Suzanne G Eskin
- Wallace H Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 313 Ferst Drive NW, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Shoichiro Ono
- Department of Pathology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
| | - Cheng Zhu
- Wallace H Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 313 Ferst Drive NW, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA. .,George W Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA.
| | - Larry V McIntire
- Wallace H Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 313 Ferst Drive NW, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA.
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15
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Guan X, Guan X, Dong C, Jiao Z. Rho GTPases and related signaling complexes in cell migration and invasion. Exp Cell Res 2020; 388:111824. [PMID: 31926148 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2020.111824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Cell migration and invasion play an important role in the development of cancer. Cell migration is associated with several specific actin filament-based structures, including lamellipodia, filopodia, invadopodia and blebs, and with cell-cell adhesion, cell-extracellular matrix adhesion. Migration occurs via different modes, human epithelial cancer cells mainly migrate collectively, while in vivo imaging studies in laboratory animals have found that most cells migrate as single cells. Rho GTPases play an important role in the process of cell migration, and several Rho GTPase-related signaling complexes are also involved. However, the exact mechanism by which these signaling complexes act remains unclear. This paper reviews how Rho GTPases and related signaling complexes interact with other proteins, how their expression is regulated, how tumor microenvironment-related factors play a role in invasion and metastasis, and the mechanism of these complex signaling networks in cell migration and invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Guan
- Pathology Department, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730030, Gansu, China
| | - Xiaoli Guan
- General Medicine Department, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730030, Gansu, China
| | - Chi Dong
- Pathology Department, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730030, Gansu, China
| | - Zuoyi Jiao
- The First Department of General Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730030, Gansu, China.
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16
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Merino F, Pospich S, Raunser S. Towards a structural understanding of the remodeling of the actin cytoskeleton. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2019; 102:51-64. [PMID: 31836290 PMCID: PMC7221352 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2019.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Actin filaments (F-actin) are a key component of eukaryotic cells. Whether serving as a scaffold for myosin or using their polymerization to push onto cellular components, their function is always related to force generation. To control and fine-tune force production, cells have a large array of actin-binding proteins (ABPs) dedicated to control every aspect of actin polymerization, filament localization, and their overall mechanical properties. Although great advances have been made in our biochemical understanding of the remodeling of the actin cytoskeleton, the structural basis of this process is still being deciphered. In this review, we summarize our current understanding of this process. We outline how ABPs control the nucleation and disassembly, and how these processes are affected by the nucleotide state of the filaments. In addition, we highlight recent advances in the understanding of actomyosin force generation, and describe recent advances brought forward by the developments of electron cryomicroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Merino
- Department of Structural Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Sabrina Pospich
- Department of Structural Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Stefan Raunser
- Department of Structural Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Dortmund, Germany.
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17
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Cytoplasmic sequestration of the RhoA effector mDiaphanous1 by Prohibitin2 promotes muscle differentiation. Sci Rep 2019; 9:8302. [PMID: 31165762 PMCID: PMC6549159 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-44749-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Muscle differentiation is controlled by adhesion and growth factor-dependent signalling through common effectors that regulate muscle-specific transcriptional programs. Here we report that mDiaphanous1, an effector of adhesion-dependent RhoA-signalling, negatively regulates myogenesis at the level of Myogenin expression. In myotubes, over-expression of mDia1ΔN3, a RhoA-independent mutant, suppresses Myogenin promoter activity and expression. We investigated mDia1-interacting proteins that may counteract mDia1 to permit Myogenin expression and timely differentiation. Using yeast two-hybrid and mass-spectrometric analysis, we report that mDia1 has a stage-specific interactome, including Prohibitin2, MyoD, Akt2, and β-Catenin, along with a number of proteosomal and mitochondrial components. Of these interacting partners, Prohibitin2 colocalises with mDia1 in cytoplasmic punctae in myotubes. We mapped the interacting domains of mDia1 and Phb2, and used interacting (mDia1ΔN3/Phb2 FL or mDia1ΔN3/Phb2-Carboxy) and non-interacting pairs (mDia1H + P/Phb2 FL or mDia1ΔN3/Phb2-Amino) to dissect the functional consequences of this partnership on Myogenin promoter activity. Co-expression of full-length as well as mDia1-interacting domains of Prohibitin2 reverse the anti-myogenic effects of mDia1ΔN3, while non-interacting regions do not. Our results suggest that Prohibitin2 sequesters mDia1, dampens its anti-myogenic activity and fine-tunes RhoA-mDia1 signalling to promote differentiation. Overall, we report that mDia1 is multi-functional signalling effector whose anti-myogenic activity is modulated by a differentiation-dependent interactome. The data have been deposited to the ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD012257.
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18
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Grueb SS, Muhs S, Popp Y, Schmitt S, Geyer M, Lin YN, Windhorst S. The formin Drosophila homologue of Diaphanous2 (Diaph2) controls microtubule dynamics in colorectal cancer cells independent of its FH2-domain. Sci Rep 2019; 9:5352. [PMID: 30926831 PMCID: PMC6441084 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-41731-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we analyzed the functional role of the formin Drosophila Homologue of Diaphanous2 (Diaph2) in colorectal cancer cells. We show that stable down-regulation of Diaph2 expression in HT29 cells decreased chromosome alignment and the velocity of chromosome movement during M-phase, thus reducing the proliferation rate and colony formation. In interphase cells, Diaph2 was diffusely distributed in the cytosol, while in metaphase cells the protein was located to spindle microtubules (MTs). Diaph2-depletion increased the concentration of stable spindle MTs, showing that the formin is required to control spindle MT-dynamics. Our cellular data indicate that Diaph2-controls spindle MT-dynamics independent of Cdc42 activity and our in vitro results reveal that bacterially produced full-length (FL) Diaph2 strongly altered MT-dynamics in absence of Cdc42, where its actin-nucleating activity is auto-inhibited. FL-Diaph2 mediates a 10-fold increase in MT-polymerization compared to the Diaph2-FH2-domain. Interestingly, a Diaph2-mutant lacking the FH2-domain (ΔFH2) increased MT-polymerization to a similar extent as the FH2-domain, indicating the existence of a second MT-binding domain. However, in contrast to FL-Diaph2 and the FH2-domain, ΔFH2 did not alter the density of taxol-stabilized MTs. Thus, the FH2-domain and the second Diaph2-binding domain appear to control MT-dynamics by different mechanisms. In summary, our data indicate that Diaph2 controls M-phase progression under basal conditions by regulating spindle MT-dynamics. In addition, a region outside of the canonical MT-regulating FH2-domain is involved in Diaph2-mediated control of MT-dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saskia S Grueb
- Department of Biochemistry and Signal Transduction, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf Martinistrasse 52, D-20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stefanie Muhs
- Department of Biochemistry and Signal Transduction, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf Martinistrasse 52, D-20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Yannes Popp
- Department of Biochemistry and Signal Transduction, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf Martinistrasse 52, D-20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Schmitt
- Institute of Structural Biology, University of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Str. 25, D-53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Matthias Geyer
- Institute of Structural Biology, University of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Str. 25, D-53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Yuan-Na Lin
- Department of Biochemistry and Signal Transduction, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf Martinistrasse 52, D-20246, Hamburg, Germany
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf Martinistrasse 52, 52 D-20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sabine Windhorst
- Department of Biochemistry and Signal Transduction, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf Martinistrasse 52, D-20246, Hamburg, Germany.
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19
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Abstract
Formin homology proteins (formins) are a highly conserved family of cytoskeletal remodeling proteins that are involved in a diverse array of cellular functions. Formins are best known for their ability to regulate actin dynamics, but the same functional domains also govern stability and organization of microtubules. It is thought that this dual activity allows them to coordinate the activity of these two major cytoskeletal networks and thereby influence cellular architecture. Golgi ribbon assembly is dependent upon cooperative interactions between actin filaments and cytoplasmic microtubules originating both at the Golgi itself and from the centrosome. Similarly, centrosome assembly, centriole duplication, and centrosome positioning are also reliant on a dialogue between both cytoskeletal networks. As presented in this chapter, a growing body of evidence suggests that multiple formin proteins play essential roles in these central cellular processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Copeland
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
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20
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Courtemanche N. Mechanisms of formin-mediated actin assembly and dynamics. Biophys Rev 2018; 10:1553-1569. [PMID: 30392063 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-018-0468-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular viability requires tight regulation of actin cytoskeletal dynamics. Distinct families of nucleation-promoting factors enable the rapid assembly of filament nuclei that elongate and are incorporated into diverse and specialized actin-based structures. In addition to promoting filament nucleation, the formin family of proteins directs the elongation of unbranched actin filaments. Processive association of formins with growing filament ends is achieved through continuous barbed end binding of the highly conserved, dimeric formin homology (FH) 2 domain. In cooperation with the FH1 domain and C-terminal tail region, FH2 dimers mediate actin subunit addition at speeds that can dramatically exceed the rate of spontaneous assembly. Here, I review recent biophysical, structural, and computational studies that have provided insight into the mechanisms of formin-mediated actin assembly and dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi Courtemanche
- Department of Genetics, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Minnesota, 420 Washington Ave SE, 6-130 MCB, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.
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21
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Garabedian MV, Stanishneva-Konovalova T, Lou C, Rands TJ, Pollard LW, Sokolova OS, Goode BL. Integrated control of formin-mediated actin assembly by a stationary inhibitor and a mobile activator. J Cell Biol 2018; 217:3512-3530. [PMID: 30076201 PMCID: PMC6168263 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201803164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Revised: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
This study shows that in vivo actin nucleation by the yeast formin Bnr1 is controlled through the coordinated effects of two distinct regulators, a stationary inhibitor (the F-BAR protein Hof1) and a mobile activator (Bud6), establishing a positive feedback loop for precise spatial and temporal control of actin assembly. Formins are essential actin assembly factors whose activities are controlled by a diverse array of binding partners. Until now, most formin ligands have been studied on an individual basis, leaving open the question of how multiple inputs are integrated to regulate formins in vivo. Here, we show that the F-BAR domain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Hof1 interacts with the FH2 domain of the formin Bnr1 and blocks actin nucleation. Electron microscopy of the Hof1–Bnr1 complex reveals a novel dumbbell-shaped structure, with the tips of the F-BAR holding two FH2 dimers apart. Deletion of Hof1’s F-BAR domain in vivo results in disorganized actin cables and secretory defects. The formin-binding protein Bud6 strongly alleviates Hof1 inhibition in vitro, and bud6Δ suppresses hof1Δ defects in vivo. Whereas Hof1 stably resides at the bud neck, we show that Bud6 is delivered to the neck on secretory vesicles. We propose that Hof1 and Bud6 functions are intertwined as a stationary inhibitor and a mobile activator, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikael V Garabedian
- Department of Biology, Rosenstiel Basic Medical Science Research Center, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA
| | | | - Chenyu Lou
- Department of Biology, Rosenstiel Basic Medical Science Research Center, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA
| | - Thomas J Rands
- Department of Biology, Rosenstiel Basic Medical Science Research Center, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA
| | - Luther W Pollard
- Department of Biology, Rosenstiel Basic Medical Science Research Center, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA
| | - Olga S Sokolova
- Bioengineering Department, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Bruce L Goode
- Department of Biology, Rosenstiel Basic Medical Science Research Center, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA
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22
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Cytokinesis requires localized β-actin filament production by an actin isoform specific nucleator. Nat Commun 2017; 8:1530. [PMID: 29146911 PMCID: PMC5691081 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-01231-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytokinesis is initiated by the localized assembly of the contractile ring, a dynamic actomyosin structure that generates a membrane furrow between the segregating chromosomal masses to divide a cell into two. Here we show that the stabilization and organization of the cytokinetic furrow is specifically dependent on localized β-actin filament assembly at the site of cytokinesis. β-actin filaments are assembled directly at the furrow by an anillin-dependent pathway that enhances RhoA-dependent activation of the formin DIAPH3, an actin nucleator. DIAPH3 specifically generates homopolymeric filaments of β-actin in vitro. By employing enhancers and activators, cells can achieve acute spatio-temporal control over isoform-specific actin arrays that are required for distinct cellular functions. Cytokinesis is initiated by the localized assembly of the contractile ring. Here the authors show that the stabilization and organization of the cytokinetic furrow requires localized β-actin filament assembly at the site of cytokinesis by an actin isoform specific nucleator.
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23
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New nuclear and perinuclear functions of formins. Biochem Soc Trans 2017; 44:1701-1708. [PMID: 27913680 DOI: 10.1042/bst20160187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Revised: 08/29/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Formin family proteins (formins) represent an evolutionary conserved protein family encoded in the genome of a wide range of eukaryotes. Formins are hallmarked by a formin homology 1 (FH1) domain juxtaposed to an FH2 domain whereby they control actin and microtubule dynamics. Not surprisingly, formins are best known as key regulators of the cytoskeleton in a variety of morphogenetic processes. However, mounting evidence implicates several formins in the assembly and organization of actin within and around the nucleus. In addition, actin-independent roles for formins have recently been discovered. In this mini-review, we summarize these findings and highlight the novel nuclear and perinulcear functions of formins. In light of the emerging new biology of formins, we also discuss the fundamental principles governing the versatile activity and multimodal regulation of these proteins.
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Functional Actin Networks under Construction: The Cooperative Action of Actin Nucleation and Elongation Factors. Trends Biochem Sci 2017; 42:414-430. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2017.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Revised: 03/04/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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25
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Maiti B, Dutta P, Seal S, Pal S, De P, Maiti S. Side-chain amino acid based cationic polymer induced actin polymerization. J Mater Chem B 2017; 5:1218-1226. [PMID: 32263591 DOI: 10.1039/c6tb02814d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Actin filament dynamics is important for proper cellular functions and is controlled by hundreds of actin binding proteins inside the cells. There are several natural and synthetic compounds that are able to bind actin and alter the actin filament dynamics. Since the actin dynamics changes due to nonspecific electrostatic interactions between negatively charged actin and positively charged proteins, and natural or synthetic compounds, herein we report the synthesis of poly(tert-butyl carbamate (Boc)-l-alanine methacryloyloxyethyl ester) (P(Boc-Ala-HEMA)) homopolymer in a controlled fashion by the reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization. Subsequent deprotection of the Boc groups in the homopolymer under acidic conditions resulted in a positively charged polymer with primary amine moieties at the side chains. This cationic polymer (P(NH3 +-Ala-HEMA)), is able to nucleate actin in vitro. The cationic polymer and corresponding partially fluorescence tagged polymer are able to nucleate actin filament in vivo. These polymers are nontoxic to the cultured cells and also stabilize the filamentous actin in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binoy Maiti
- Polymer Research Centre, Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur - 741246, Nadia, West Bengal, India.
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Shekhtman A, Ramasamy R, Schmidt AM. Glycation & the RAGE axis: targeting signal transduction through DIAPH1. Expert Rev Proteomics 2016; 14:147-156. [PMID: 27967251 DOI: 10.1080/14789450.2017.1271719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The consequences of chronic disease are vast and unremitting; hence, understanding the pathogenic mechanisms mediating such disorders holds promise to identify therapeutics and diminish the consequences. The ligands of the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) accumulate in chronic diseases, particularly those characterized by inflammation and metabolic dysfunction. Although first discovered and reported as a receptor for advanced glycation end products (AGEs), the expansion of the repertoire of RAGE ligands implicates the receptor in diverse milieus, such as autoimmunity, chronic inflammation, obesity, diabetes, and neurodegeneration. Areas covered: This review summarizes current knowledge regarding the ligand families of RAGE and data from human subjects and animal models on the role of the RAGE axis in chronic diseases. The recent discovery that the cytoplasmic domain of RAGE binds to the formin homology 1 (FH1) domain, DIAPH1, and that this interaction is essential for RAGE ligand-stimulated signal transduction, is discussed. Finally, we review therapeutic opportunities targeting the RAGE axis as a means to mitigate chronic diseases. Expert commentary: With the aging of the population and the epidemic of cardiometabolic disease, therapeutic strategies to target molecular pathways that contribute to the sequelae of these chronic diseases are urgently needed. In this review, we propose that the ligand/RAGE axis and its signaling nexus is a key factor in the pathogenesis of chronic disease and that therapeutic interruption of this pathway may improve quality and duration of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Shekhtman
- a Department of Chemistry , University at Albany, State University of New York , Albany , NY , 12222 , USA
| | - Ravichandran Ramasamy
- b Diabetes Research Program, Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine , NYU Langone Medical Center , New York , NY , 10016 , USA
| | - Ann Marie Schmidt
- b Diabetes Research Program, Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine , NYU Langone Medical Center , New York , NY , 10016 , USA
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Xue J, Manigrasso M, Scalabrin M, Rai V, Reverdatto S, Burz DS, Fabris D, Schmidt AM, Shekhtman A. Change in the Molecular Dimension of a RAGE-Ligand Complex Triggers RAGE Signaling. Structure 2016; 24:1509-22. [PMID: 27524199 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2016.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Revised: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The weak oligomerization exhibited by many transmembrane receptors has a profound effect on signal transduction. The phenomenon is difficult to characterize structurally due to the large sizes of and transient interactions between monomers. The receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE), a signaling molecule central to the induction and perpetuation of inflammatory responses, is a weak constitutive oligomer. The RAGE domain interaction surfaces that mediate homo-dimerization were identified by combining segmental isotopic labeling of extracellular soluble RAGE (sRAGE) and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy with chemical cross-linking and mass spectrometry. Molecular modeling suggests that two sRAGE monomers orient head to head forming an asymmetric dimer with the C termini directed toward the cell membrane. Ligand-induced association of RAGE homo-dimers on the cell surface increases the molecular dimension of the receptor, recruiting Diaphanous 1 (DIAPH1) and activating signaling pathways.
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MESH Headings
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/chemistry
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/genetics
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/metabolism
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- Antigens, Neoplasm/chemistry
- Antigens, Neoplasm/genetics
- Antigens, Neoplasm/metabolism
- Bacterial Proteins/genetics
- Bacterial Proteins/metabolism
- Binding Sites
- Cross-Linking Reagents/chemistry
- Formins
- Gene Expression
- Genes, Reporter
- Green Fluorescent Proteins/genetics
- Green Fluorescent Proteins/metabolism
- HEK293 Cells
- Humans
- Ligands
- Luminescent Proteins/genetics
- Luminescent Proteins/metabolism
- Maleimides/chemistry
- Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/chemistry
- Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/genetics
- Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/metabolism
- Molecular Docking Simulation
- Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular
- Protein Binding
- Protein Interaction Domains and Motifs
- Protein Structure, Secondary
- Recombinant Proteins/chemistry
- Recombinant Proteins/genetics
- Recombinant Proteins/metabolism
- Sequence Alignment
- Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
- Signal Transduction
- Thermodynamics
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xue
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Albany, Albany, NY 12222, USA
| | | | - Matteo Scalabrin
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Albany, Albany, NY 12222, USA
| | - Vivek Rai
- Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751023, India
| | - Sergey Reverdatto
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Albany, Albany, NY 12222, USA
| | - David S Burz
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Albany, Albany, NY 12222, USA
| | - Daniele Fabris
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Albany, Albany, NY 12222, USA
| | - Ann Marie Schmidt
- New York University, Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Alexander Shekhtman
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Albany, Albany, NY 12222, USA.
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Henty-Ridilla JL, Rankova A, Eskin JA, Kenny K, Goode BL. Accelerated actin filament polymerization from microtubule plus ends. Science 2016; 352:1004-9. [PMID: 27199431 DOI: 10.1126/science.aaf1709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2015] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Microtubules (MTs) govern actin network remodeling in a wide range of biological processes, yet the mechanisms underlying this cytoskeletal cross-talk have remained obscure. We used single-molecule fluorescence microscopy to show that the MT plus-end-associated protein CLIP-170 binds tightly to formins to accelerate actin filament elongation. Furthermore, we observed mDia1 dimers and CLIP-170 dimers cotracking growing filament ends for several minutes. CLIP-170-mDia1 complexes promoted actin polymerization ~18 times faster than free-barbed-end growth while simultaneously enhancing protection from capping proteins. We used a MT-actin dynamics co-reconstitution system to observe CLIP-170-mDia1 complexes being recruited to growing MT ends by EB1. The complexes triggered rapid growth of actin filaments that remained attached to the MT surface. These activities of CLIP-170 were required in primary neurons for normal dendritic morphology. Thus, our results reveal a cellular mechanism whereby growing MT plus ends direct rapid actin assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aneliya Rankova
- Department of Biology, Brandeis University, 415 South Street, Waltham, MA 02454, USA
| | - Julian A Eskin
- Department of Biology, Brandeis University, 415 South Street, Waltham, MA 02454, USA
| | - Katelyn Kenny
- Department of Biology, Brandeis University, 415 South Street, Waltham, MA 02454, USA
| | - Bruce L Goode
- Department of Biology, Brandeis University, 415 South Street, Waltham, MA 02454, USA.
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29
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Bartolini F, Andres-Delgado L, Qu X, Nik S, Ramalingam N, Kremer L, Alonso MA, Gundersen GG. An mDia1-INF2 formin activation cascade facilitated by IQGAP1 regulates stable microtubules in migrating cells. Mol Biol Cell 2016; 27:1797-808. [PMID: 27030671 PMCID: PMC4884070 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e15-07-0489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Accepted: 03/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The formin INF2 is required for stable Glu microtubule formation and inhibition of microtubule dynamics in NIH3T3 cells downstream of mDia1 and LPA. Evidence also shows that the formation of an mDia1/INF2 complex is necessary for microtubule stabilization stimulated by LPA and is regulated by IQGAP1. Multiple formins regulate microtubule (MT) arrays, but whether they function individually or in a common pathway is unknown. Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) stimulates the formation of stabilized detyrosinated MTs (Glu MTs) in NIH3T3 fibroblasts through RhoA and the formin mDia1. Here we show that another formin, INF2, is necessary for mDia1-mediated induction of Glu MTs and regulation of MT dynamics and that mDia1 can be bypassed by activating INF2. INF2 localized to MTs after LPA treatment in an mDia1-dependent manner, suggesting that mDia1 regulates INF2. Mutants of either formin that disrupt their interaction failed to rescue MT stability in cells depleted of the respective formin, and the mDia1-interacting protein IQGAP1 regulated INF2’s localization to MTs and the induction of Glu MTs by either formin. The N-terminus of IQGAP1 associated with the C-terminus of INF2 directly, suggesting the possibility of a tripartite complex stimulated by LPA. Supporting this, the interaction of mDia1 and INF2 was induced by LPA and dependent on IQGAP1. Our data highlight a unique mechanism of formin action in which mDia1 and INF2 function in series to stabilize MTs and point to IQGAP1 as a scaffold that facilitates the activation of one formin by another.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Bartolini
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032
| | - Laura Andres-Delgado
- Centro de Biologia Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas and Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Xiaoyi Qu
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032
| | - Sara Nik
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032
| | - Nagendran Ramalingam
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032
| | - Leonor Kremer
- Centro de Biologia Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas and Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel A Alonso
- Centro de Biologia Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas and Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Gregg G Gundersen
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032
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30
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A gain-of-function variant in DIAPH1 causes dominant macrothrombocytopenia and hearing loss. Blood 2016; 127:2903-14. [PMID: 26912466 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2015-10-675629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 01/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrothrombocytopenia (MTP) is a heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by enlarged and reduced numbers of circulating platelets, sometimes resulting in abnormal bleeding. In most MTP, this phenotype arises because of altered regulation of platelet formation from megakaryocytes (MKs). We report the identification of DIAPH1, which encodes the Rho-effector diaphanous-related formin 1 (DIAPH1), as a candidate gene for MTP using exome sequencing, ontological phenotyping, and similarity regression. We describe 2 unrelated pedigrees with MTP and sensorineural hearing loss that segregate with a DIAPH1 R1213* variant predicting partial truncation of the DIAPH1 diaphanous autoregulatory domain. The R1213* variant was linked to reduced proplatelet formation from cultured MKs, cell clustering, and abnormal cortical filamentous actin. Similarly, in platelets, there was increased filamentous actin and stable microtubules, indicating constitutive activation of DIAPH1. Overexpression of DIAPH1 R1213* in cells reproduced the cytoskeletal alterations found in platelets. Our description of a novel disorder of platelet formation and hearing loss extends the repertoire of DIAPH1-related disease and provides new insight into the autoregulation of DIAPH1 activity.
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31
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Isogai T, van der Kammen R, Leyton-Puig D, Kedziora KM, Jalink K, Innocenti M. Initiation of lamellipodia and ruffles involves cooperation between mDia1 and the Arp2/3 complex. J Cell Sci 2015; 128:3796-810. [PMID: 26349808 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.176768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Accepted: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Protrusion of lamellipodia and ruffles requires polymerization of branched actin filaments by the Arp2/3 complex. Although regulation of Arp2/3 complex activity has been extensively investigated, the mechanism of initiation of lamellipodia and ruffles remains poorly understood. Here, we show that mDia1 acts in concert with the Arp2/3 complex to promote initiation of lamellipodia and ruffles. We find that mDia1 is an epidermal growth factor (EGF)-regulated actin nucleator involved in membrane ruffling using a combination of knockdown and rescue experiments. At the molecular level, mDia1 polymerizes linear actin filaments, activating the Arp2/3 complex, and localizes within nascent and mature membrane ruffles. We employ functional complementation experiments and optogenetics to show that mDia1 cooperates with the Arp2/3 complex in initiating lamellipodia and ruffles. Finally, we show that genetic and pharmacological interference with this cooperation hampers ruffling and cell migration. Thus, we propose that the lamellipodium- and ruffle-initiating machinery consists of two actin nucleators that act sequentially to regulate membrane protrusion and cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadamoto Isogai
- Division of Molecular Genetics, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, Amsterdam 1066 CX, The Netherlands
| | - Rob van der Kammen
- Division of Molecular Genetics, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, Amsterdam 1066 CX, The Netherlands
| | - Daniela Leyton-Puig
- Division of Cell Biology I, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, Amsterdam 1066 CX, The Netherlands
| | - Katarzyna M Kedziora
- Division of Cell Biology I, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, Amsterdam 1066 CX, The Netherlands
| | - Kees Jalink
- Division of Cell Biology I, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, Amsterdam 1066 CX, The Netherlands
| | - Metello Innocenti
- Division of Molecular Genetics, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, Amsterdam 1066 CX, The Netherlands
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32
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Bezanilla M, Gladfelter AS, Kovar DR, Lee WL. Cytoskeletal dynamics: a view from the membrane. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 209:329-37. [PMID: 25963816 PMCID: PMC4427793 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201502062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Many aspects of cytoskeletal assembly and dynamics can be recapitulated in vitro; yet, how the cytoskeleton integrates signals in vivo across cellular membranes is far less understood. Recent work has demonstrated that the membrane alone, or through membrane-associated proteins, can effect dynamic changes to the cytoskeleton, thereby impacting cell physiology. Having identified mechanistic links between membranes and the actin, microtubule, and septin cytoskeletons, these studies highlight the membrane’s central role in coordinating these cytoskeletal systems to carry out essential processes, such as endocytosis, spindle positioning, and cellular compartmentalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Bezanilla
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003
| | - Amy S Gladfelter
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755
| | - David R Kovar
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
| | - Wei-Lih Lee
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003
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33
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Park E, Graziano BR, Zheng W, Garabedian M, Goode BL, Eck MJ. Structure of a Bud6/Actin Complex Reveals a Novel WH2-like Actin Monomer Recruitment Motif. Structure 2015; 23:1492-1499. [PMID: 26118535 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2015.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2014] [Revised: 04/22/2015] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
In budding yeast, the actin-binding protein Bud6 cooperates with formins Bni1 and Bnr1 to catalyze the assembly of actin filaments. The nucleation-enhancing activity of Bud6 requires both a "core" domain that binds to the formin and a "flank" domain that binds monomeric actin. Here, we describe the structure of the Bud6 flank domain in complex with actin. Two helices in Bud6(flank) interact with actin; one binds in a groove at the barbed end of the actin monomer in a manner closely resembling the helix of WH2 domains, a motif found in many actin nucleation factors. The second helix rises along the face of actin. Mutational analysis verifies the importance of these Bud6-actin contacts for nucleation-enhancing activity. The Bud6 binding site on actin overlaps with that of the formin FH2 domain and is also incompatible with inter-subunit contacts in F-actin, suggesting that Bud6 interacts only transiently with actin monomers during filament nucleation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunyoung Park
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, SM1036, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Brian R Graziano
- Department of Biology, Rosenstiel Basic Medical Sciences Research Center, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02454, USA
| | - Wei Zheng
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, SM1036, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Mikael Garabedian
- Department of Biology, Rosenstiel Basic Medical Sciences Research Center, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02454, USA
| | - Bruce L Goode
- Department of Biology, Rosenstiel Basic Medical Sciences Research Center, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02454, USA
| | - Michael J Eck
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, SM1036, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
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Distinct impact of targeted actin cytoskeleton reorganization on mechanical properties of normal and malignant cells. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2015; 1853:3117-25. [PMID: 25970206 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2015.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2015] [Revised: 04/23/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The actin cytoskeleton is substantially modified in cancer cells because of changes in actin-binding protein abundance and functional activity. As a consequence, cancer cells have distinctive motility and mechanical properties, which are important for many processes, including invasion and metastasis. Here, we studied the effects of actin cytoskeleton alterations induced by specific nucleation inhibitors (SMIFH2, CK-666), cytochalasin D, Y-27632 and detachment from the surface by trypsinization on the mechanical properties of normal Vero and prostate cancer cell line DU145. The Young's modulus of Vero cells was 1300±900 Pa, while the prostate cancer cell line DU145 exhibited significantly lower Young's moduli (600±400 Pa). The Young's moduli exhibited a log-normal distribution for both cell lines. Unlike normal cells, cancer cells demonstrated diverse viscoelastic behavior and different responses to actin cytoskeleton reorganization. They were more resistant to specific formin-dependent nucleation inhibition, and reinforced their cortical actin after detachment from the substrate. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Mechanobiology.
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35
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Orshanskiy IA, Popinako AV, Koromyslova AD, Volokh OI, Shaitan KV, Sokolova OS. The molecular dynamics of N- and C-terminal interactions during autoinhibition and activation of formin mDial. Biophysics (Nagoya-shi) 2015. [DOI: 10.1134/s0006350915030136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Brenig J, de Boor S, Knyphausen P, Kuhlmann N, Wroblowski S, Baldus L, Scislowski L, Artz O, Trauschies P, Baumann U, Neundorf I, Lammers M. Structural and Biochemical Basis for the Inhibitory Effect of Liprin-α3 on Mouse Diaphanous 1 (mDia1) Function. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:14314-27. [PMID: 25911102 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.621946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Diaphanous-related formins are eukaryotic actin nucleation factors regulated by an autoinhibitory interaction between the N-terminal RhoGTPase-binding domain (mDiaN) and the C-terminal Diaphanous-autoregulatory domain (DAD). Although the activation of formins by Rho proteins is well characterized, its inactivation is only marginally understood. Recently, liprin-α3 was shown to interact with mDia1. Overexpression of liprin-α3 resulted in a reduction of the cellular actin filament content. The molecular mechanisms of how liprin-α3 exerts this effect and counteracts mDia1 activation by RhoA are unknown. Here, we functionally and structurally define a minimal liprin-α3 core region, sufficient to recapitulate the liprin-α3 determined mDia1-respective cellular functions. We show that liprin-α3 alters the interaction kinetics and thermodynamics of mDiaN with RhoA·GTP and DAD. RhoA displaces liprin-α3 allosterically, whereas DAD competes with liprin-α3 for a highly overlapping binding site on mDiaN. Liprin-α3 regulates actin polymerization by lowering the regulatory potency of RhoA and DAD on mDiaN. We present a model of a mechanistically unexplored and new aspect of mDiaN regulation by liprin-α3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Brenig
- From the Institute for Genetics and Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-associated Diseases (CECAD), Joseph-Stelzmann-Strasse 26, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany and
| | - Susanne de Boor
- From the Institute for Genetics and Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-associated Diseases (CECAD), Joseph-Stelzmann-Strasse 26, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany and
| | - Philipp Knyphausen
- From the Institute for Genetics and Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-associated Diseases (CECAD), Joseph-Stelzmann-Strasse 26, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany and
| | - Nora Kuhlmann
- From the Institute for Genetics and Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-associated Diseases (CECAD), Joseph-Stelzmann-Strasse 26, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany and
| | - Sarah Wroblowski
- From the Institute for Genetics and Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-associated Diseases (CECAD), Joseph-Stelzmann-Strasse 26, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany and
| | - Linda Baldus
- From the Institute for Genetics and Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-associated Diseases (CECAD), Joseph-Stelzmann-Strasse 26, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany and
| | - Lukas Scislowski
- From the Institute for Genetics and Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-associated Diseases (CECAD), Joseph-Stelzmann-Strasse 26, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany and
| | - Oliver Artz
- From the Institute for Genetics and Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-associated Diseases (CECAD), Joseph-Stelzmann-Strasse 26, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany and
| | - Philip Trauschies
- From the Institute for Genetics and Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-associated Diseases (CECAD), Joseph-Stelzmann-Strasse 26, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany and
| | - Ulrich Baumann
- the Institute for Biochemistry, University of Cologne, Zülpicher Strasse 47, 50674 Cologne, Germany
| | - Ines Neundorf
- the Institute for Biochemistry, University of Cologne, Zülpicher Strasse 47, 50674 Cologne, Germany
| | - Michael Lammers
- From the Institute for Genetics and Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-associated Diseases (CECAD), Joseph-Stelzmann-Strasse 26, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany and
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37
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Lu Q, Adler PN. The diaphanous gene of Drosophila interacts antagonistically with multiple wing hairs and plays a key role in wing hair morphogenesis. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0115623. [PMID: 25730111 PMCID: PMC4346269 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0115623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2014] [Accepted: 11/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The Drosophila wing is covered by an array of distally pointing hairs that has served as a key model system for studying planar cell polarity (PCP). The adult cuticular hairs are formed in the pupae from cell extensions that contain extensive actin filaments and microtubules. The importance of the actin cytoskeleton for hair growth and morphogenesis is clear from the wide range of phenotypes seen in mutations in well-known actin regulators. Formin proteins promote the formation of long actin filaments of the sort thought to be important for hair growth. We report here that the formin encoding diaphanous (dia) gene plays a key role in hair morphogenesis. Both loss of function mutations and the expression of a constitutively active Dia led to cells forming both morphologically abnormal hairs and multiple hairs. The conserved frizzled (fz)/starry night (stan) PCP pathway functions to restrict hair initiation and activation of the cytoskeleton to the distal most part of wing cells. It also ensures the formation of a single hair per cell. Our data suggest that the localized inhibition of Dia activity may be part of this mechanism. We found the expression of constitutively active Dia greatly expands the region for activation of the cytoskeleton and that dia functions antagonistically with multiple wing hairs (mwh), the most downstream member of the fz/stan pathway. Further we established that purified fragments of Dia and Mwh could be co-immunoprecipitated suggesting the genetic interaction could reflect a direct physical interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuheng Lu
- Biology Department, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Paul N. Adler
- Biology Department, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
- Cell Biology Department, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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38
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Sharma S, Grintsevich E, Woo J, Gurel PS, Higgs HN, Reisler E, Gimzewski JK. Nanostructured self-assembly of inverted formin 2 (INF2) and F-actin-INF2 complexes revealed by atomic force microscopy. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2014; 30:7533-7539. [PMID: 24915113 PMCID: PMC4082382 DOI: 10.1021/la501748x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2014] [Revised: 06/08/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Self-organization of cytoskeletal proteins such as actin and tubulin into filaments and microtubules is frequently assisted by the proteins binding to them. Formins are regulatory proteins that nucleate the formation of new filaments and are essential for a wide range of cellular functions. The vertebrate inverted formin 2 (INF2) has both actin filament nucleating and severing/depolymerizing activities connected to its ability to encircle actin filaments. Using atomic force microscopy, we report that a formin homology 2 (FH2) domain-containing construct of INF2 (INF2-FH1-FH2-C or INF2-FFC) self-assembles into nanoscale ringlike oligomeric structures in the absence of actin filaments, demonstrating an inherent ability to reorganize from a dimeric to an oligomeric state. A construct lacking the C-terminal region (INF2-FH1-FH2 or INF2-FF) also oligomerizes, confirming the dominant role of FH2-mediated interactions. Moreover, INF2-FFC domains were observed to organize into ringlike structures around single actin filaments. This is the first demonstration that formin FH2 domains can self-assemble into oligomers in the absence of filaments and has important implications for observing unaveraged decoration and/or remodeling of filaments by actin binding proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivani Sharma
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- California
NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Elena
E. Grintsevich
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - JungReem Woo
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Pinar S. Gurel
- Department
of Biochemistry, Geisel School of Medicine
at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, United States
| | - Henry N. Higgs
- Department
of Biochemistry, Geisel School of Medicine
at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, United States
| | - Emil Reisler
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Molecular
Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - James K. Gimzewski
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- California
NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Jonsson
Comprehensive Cancer Center, University
of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- International
Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics Satellite (MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Tsukuba, Japan
- Centre for
Nanoscience and Quantum Information, University
of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TH, U.K.
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39
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Abstract
Formin proteins were recognized as effectors of Rho GTPases some 15 years ago. They contribute to different cellular actin cytoskeleton structures by their ability to polymerize straight actin filaments at the barbed end. While not all formins necessarily interact with Rho GTPases, a subgroup of mammalian formins, termed Diaphanous-related formins or DRFs, were shown to be activated by small GTPases of the Rho superfamily. DRFs are autoinhibited in the resting state by an N- to C-terminal interaction that renders the central actin polymerization domain inactive. Upon the interaction with a GTP-bound Rho, Rac, or Cdc42 GTPase, the C-terminal autoregulation domain is displaced from its N-terminal recognition site and the formin becomes active to polymerize actin filaments. In this review we discuss the current knowledge on the structure, activation, and function of formin-GTPase interactions for the mammalian formin families Dia, Daam, FMNL, and FHOD. We describe both direct and indirect interactions of formins with GTPases, which lead to formin activation and cytoskeletal rearrangements. The multifaceted function of formins as effector proteins of Rho GTPases thus reflects the diversity of the actin cytoskeleton in cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Kühn
- Center of Advanced European Studies and Research (caesar); Group Physical Biochemistry; Bonn, Germany
| | - Matthias Geyer
- Center of Advanced European Studies and Research (caesar); Group Physical Biochemistry; Bonn, Germany
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40
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Truong D, Copeland JW, Brumell JH. Bacterial subversion of host cytoskeletal machinery: hijacking formins and the Arp2/3 complex. Bioessays 2014; 36:687-96. [PMID: 24849003 DOI: 10.1002/bies.201400038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The host actin nucleation machinery is subverted by many bacterial pathogens to facilitate their entry, motility, replication, and survival. The majority of research conducted in the past primarily focused on exploitation of a host actin nucleator, the Arp2/3 complex, by bacterial pathogens. Recently, new studies have begun to explore the role of formins, another family of host actin nucleators, in bacterial pathogenesis. This review provides an overview of recent advances in the study of the exploitation of the Arp2/3 complex and formins by bacterial pathogens. Secreted bacterial effector proteins seem to manipulate the regulation of these actin nucleators or functionally mimic them to drive bacterial entry, motility and survival within host cells. An enhanced understanding of how formins are exploited will provide us with greater insight into how a fundamental eurkaryotic cellular process is utilized by bacteria and will also advance our knowledge of host-pathogen interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorothy Truong
- Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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41
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Randall TS, Ehler E. A formin-g role during development and disease. Eur J Cell Biol 2014; 93:205-11. [PMID: 24342720 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2013.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2013] [Revised: 11/15/2013] [Accepted: 11/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Several different protein families were shown to be involved in the regulation of actin filament formation and have been studied extensively in processes such as cell migration. Among them are members of the formin family, which tend to promote the formation of linear actin filaments. Studies in recent years, often using loss of function animal models, have indicated that formin family members play roles beyond cell motility in vitro and are involved in processes ranging from tissue morphogenesis and cell differentiation to diseases such as cancer and cardiomyopathy. Therefore the aim of this review is to discuss these findings and to start putting them into a subcellular context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas S Randall
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, Cardiovascular Division, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, United Kingdom
| | - Elisabeth Ehler
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, Cardiovascular Division, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, United Kingdom.
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42
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Bogdan S, Schultz J, Grosshans J. Formin' cellular structures: Physiological roles of Diaphanous (Dia) in actin dynamics. Commun Integr Biol 2014; 6:e27634. [PMID: 24719676 PMCID: PMC3977921 DOI: 10.4161/cib.27634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2013] [Revised: 12/21/2013] [Accepted: 12/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Members of the Diaphanous (Dia) protein family are key regulators of fundamental actin driven cellular processes, which are conserved from yeast to humans. Researchers have uncovered diverse physiological roles in cell morphology, cell motility, cell polarity, and cell division, which are involved in shaping cells into tissues and organs. The identification of numerous binding partners led to substantial progress in our understanding of the differential functions of Dia proteins. Genetic approaches and new microscopy techniques allow important new insights into their localization, activity, and molecular principles of regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven Bogdan
- Institut für Neurobiologie; Universität Münster; Münster, Germany
| | - Jörg Schultz
- Bioinformatik, Biozentrum; Universität Würzburg; Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jörg Grosshans
- Institut für Biochemie; Universitätsmedizin; Universität Göttingen; Göttingen, Germany
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Binamé F. Transduction of extracellular cues into cell polarity: the role of the transmembrane proteoglycan NG2. Mol Neurobiol 2014; 50:482-93. [PMID: 24390567 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-013-8610-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2013] [Accepted: 12/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Resident progenitor cells expressing nerve/glial antigen 2 (NG2) such as oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPC) and pericytes persist in the adult brain. The transmembrane proteoglycan NG2 regulates migration of both these cell types in response to growth factors or specific components of the extracellular matrix. This role of NG2 is linked to the control of cell polarity. The polarization of OPC toward an acute lesion in the brain is impaired in NG2-deficient mice, supporting this concept. A review of the signaling pathways impinged on by NG2 reveals key proteins of cell polarity: phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, focal adhesion kinase, Rho GTPases, and polarity complex proteins. In the scope of cell migration, I discuss here how the interplay of NG2 with signaling transmitted by extracellular cues can control the establishment of cell polarity, and I propose a model to integrate the apparent opposite effects of NG2 on cellular dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabien Binamé
- Molecular Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany,
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Coffman VC, Sees JA, Kovar DR, Wu JQ. The formins Cdc12 and For3 cooperate during contractile ring assembly in cytokinesis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 203:101-14. [PMID: 24127216 PMCID: PMC3798249 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201305022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Both de novo-assembled actin filaments at the division site and existing filaments recruited by directional cortical transport contribute to contractile ring formation during cytokinesis. However, it is unknown which source is more important. Here, we show that fission yeast formin For3 is responsible for node condensation into clumps in the absence of formin Cdc12. For3 localization at the division site depended on the F-BAR protein Cdc15, and for3 deletion was synthetic lethal with mutations that cause defects in contractile ring formation. For3 became essential in cells expressing N-terminal truncations of Cdc12, which were more active in actin assembly but depended on actin filaments for localization to the division site. In tetrad fluorescence microscopy, double mutants of for3 deletion and cdc12 truncations were severely defective in contractile ring assembly and constriction, although cortical transport of actin filaments was normal. Together, these data indicate that different formins cooperate in cytokinesis and that de novo actin assembly at the division site is predominant for contractile ring formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie C Coffman
- Department of Molecular Genetics and 2 Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Breitsprecher
- Rosenstiel Basic Medical Sciences Research Center, Department of Biology, Brandeis University, 415 South Street, Waltham, MA 02454, USA
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46
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Carlier MF, Pernier J, Avvaru BS. Control of actin filament dynamics at barbed ends by WH2 domains: From capping to permissive and processive assembly. Cytoskeleton (Hoboken) 2013; 70:540-9. [DOI: 10.1002/cm.21124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2013] [Revised: 06/27/2013] [Accepted: 07/01/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Julien Pernier
- Cytoskeleton Dynamics and Motility Team; LEBS; CNRS; Gif-Sur-Yvette France
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47
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Ramabhadran V, Hatch AL, Higgs HN. Actin monomers activate inverted formin 2 by competing with its autoinhibitory interaction. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:26847-55. [PMID: 23921379 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.472415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
INF2 is an unusual formin protein in that it accelerates both actin polymerization and depolymerization, the latter through an actin filament-severing activity. Similar to other formins, INF2 possesses a dimeric formin homology 2 (FH2) domain that binds filament barbed ends and is critical for polymerization and depolymerization activities. In addition, INF2 binds actin monomers through its diaphanous autoregulatory domain (DAD) that resembles a Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein homology 2 (WH2) sequence C-terminal to the FH2 that participates in both polymerization and depolymerization. INF2-DAD is also predicted to participate in an autoinhibitory interaction with the N-terminal diaphanous inhibitory domain (DID). In this work, we show that actin monomer binding to the DAD of INF2 competes with the DID/DAD interaction, thereby activating actin polymerization. INF2 is autoinhibited in cells because mutation of a key DID residue results in constitutive INF2 activity. In contrast, purified full-length INF2 is constitutively active in biochemical actin polymerization assays containing only INF2 and actin monomers. Addition of proteins that compete with INF2-DAD for actin binding (profilin or the WH2 from Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein) decrease full-length INF2 activity while not significantly decreasing activity of an INF2 construct lacking the DID sequence. Profilin-mediated INF2 inhibition is relieved by an anti-N-terminal antibody for INF2 that blocks the DID/DAD interaction. These results suggest that free actin monomers can serve as INF2 activators by competing with the DID/DAD interaction. We also find that, in contrast to past results, the DID-containing N terminus of INF2 does not directly bind the Rho GTPase Cdc42.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinay Ramabhadran
- From the Department of Biochemistry, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755
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48
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Directing exocrine secretory vesicles to the apical membrane by actin cables generated by the formin mDia1. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2013; 110:10652-7. [PMID: 23754409 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1303796110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The final stage in exocrine secretion involves translocation of vesicles from their storage areas to the apical membrane. We show that actin-coated secretory vesicles of the exocrine pancreas travel this distance over bundles of specialized actin cables emanating from the apical plasma membrane. These bundles are stable structures that require constant G-actin incorporation and are distinct from the actin web that surrounds the exocrine lumen. The murine mammalian Diaphanous-related formin 1 (mDia1) was identified as a generator of these cables. The active form of mDia1 localized to the apical membrane, and introduction of an active form of mDia1 led to a marked increase in bundle density along the lumen perimeter. Compromising formation of the cables does not prevent secretion, but results in disorganized trafficking and fusion between secretory vesicles. Similar apical secretory tracks were also found in the submandibular salivary glands. Together with previous results that identified a role for Diaphanous in apical secretion in tubular organs of Drosophila, the role of Diaphanous formins at the final stages of secretion appears to be highly conserved.
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49
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Higashida C, Kiuchi T, Akiba Y, Mizuno H, Maruoka M, Narumiya S, Mizuno K, Watanabe N. F- and G-actin homeostasis regulates mechanosensitive actin nucleation by formins. Nat Cell Biol 2013; 15:395-405. [DOI: 10.1038/ncb2693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2012] [Accepted: 01/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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50
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Bor B, Vizcarra CL, Phillips ML, Quinlan ME. Autoinhibition of the formin Cappuccino in the absence of canonical autoinhibitory domains. Mol Biol Cell 2012; 23:3801-13. [PMID: 22875983 PMCID: PMC3459857 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e12-04-0288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The Fmn-family formin Cappuccino does not contain classical autoihibitory domains but is autoinhibited. The N-terminus inhibits actin nucleation and competes with elongation. Formins are a conserved family of proteins known to enhance actin polymerization. Most formins are regulated by an intramolecular interaction. The Drosophila formin, Cappuccino (Capu), was believed to be an exception. Capu does not contain conserved autoinhibitory domains and can be regulated by a second protein, Spire. We report here that Capu is, in fact, autoinhibited. The N-terminal half of Capu (Capu-NT) potently inhibits nucleation and binding to the barbed end of elongating filaments by the C-terminal half of Capu (Capu-CT). Hydrodynamic analysis indicates that Capu-NT is a dimer, similar to the N-termini of other formins. These data, combined with those from circular dichroism, suggest, however, that it is structurally distinct from previously described formin inhibitory domains. Finally, we find that Capu-NT binds to a site within Capu-CT that overlaps with the Spire-binding site, the Capu-tail. We propose models for the interaction between Spire and Capu in light of the fact that Capu can be regulated by autoinhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Batbileg Bor
- Molecular Biology Interdepartmental Program, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1570, USA
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