1
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Martínez-Magaña CJ, Muñoz-Castillo PA, Murbartián J. Spinal bestrophin-1 and anoctamin-1 channels have a pronociceptive role in the tactile allodynia induced by REM sleep deprivation in rats. Brain Res 2024; 1834:148915. [PMID: 38582414 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2024.148915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
Bestrophin-1 and anoctamin-1 are members of the calcium-activated chloride channels (CaCCs) family and are involved in inflammatory and neuropathic pain. However, their role in pain hypersensitivity induced by REM sleep deprivation (REMSD) has not been studied. This study aimed to determine if anoctamin-1 and bestrophin-1 are involved in the pain hypersensitivity induced by REMSD. We used the multiple-platform method to induce REMSD. REM sleep deprivation for 48 h induced tactile allodynia and a transient increase in corticosterone concentration at the beginning of the protocol (12 h) in female and male rats. REMSD enhanced c-Fos and α2δ-1 protein expression but did not change activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3) and KCC2 expression in dorsal root ganglia and dorsal spinal cord. Intrathecal injection of CaCCinh-A01, a non-selective bestrophin-1 blocker, and T16Ainh-A01, a specific anoctamin-1 blocker, reverted REMSD-induced tactile allodynia. However, T16Ainh-A01 had a higher antiallodynic effect in male than female rats. In addition, REMSD increased bestrophin-1 protein expression in DRG but not in DSC in male and female rats. In marked contrast, REMSD decreased anoctamin-1 protein expression in DSC but not in DRG, only in female rats. Bestrophin-1 and anoctamin-1 promote pain and maintain tactile allodynia induced by REM sleep deprivation in both male and female rats, but their expression patterns differ between the sexes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Janet Murbartián
- Departamento de Farmacobiología, Cinvestav, Sede sur, Mexico City, Mexico.
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2
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Mao R, Cavelli ML, Findlay G, Driessen K, Peterson MJ, Marshall W, Tononi G, Cirelli C. Behavioral and cortical arousal from sleep, muscimol-induced coma, and anesthesia by direct optogenetic stimulation of cortical neurons. iScience 2024; 27:109919. [PMID: 38812551 PMCID: PMC11134913 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
The cerebral cortex is widely considered part of the neural substrate of consciousness, but direct causal evidence is missing. Here, we tested in mice whether optogenetic activation of cortical neurons in posterior parietal cortex (PtA) or medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) is sufficient for arousal from three behavioral states characterized by progressively deeper unresponsiveness: sleep, a coma-like state induced by muscimol injection in the midbrain, and deep sevoflurane-dexmedetomidine anesthesia. We find that cortical stimulation always awakens the mice from both NREM sleep and REM sleep, with PtA requiring weaker/shorter light pulses than mPFC. Moreover, in most cases light pulses produce both cortical activation (decrease in low frequencies) and behavioral arousal (recovery of the righting reflex) from brainstem coma, as well as cortical activation from anesthesia. These findings provide evidence that direct activation of cortical neurons is sufficient for behavioral and/or cortical arousal from sleep, brainstem coma, and anesthesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Mao
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53719, USA
- Neuroscience Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53719, USA
| | - Matias Lorenzo Cavelli
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53719, USA
- Departamento de Fisiología de Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay
| | - Graham Findlay
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53719, USA
- Neuroscience Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53719, USA
| | - Kort Driessen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53719, USA
- Neuroscience Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53719, USA
| | - Michael J. Peterson
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53719, USA
| | - William Marshall
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53719, USA
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Giulio Tononi
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53719, USA
| | - Chiara Cirelli
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53719, USA
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3
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Maurer JJ, Lin A, Jin X, Hong J, Sathi N, Cardis R, Osorio-Forero A, Lüthi A, Weber F, Chung S. Homeostatic regulation of rapid eye movement sleep by the preoptic area of the hypothalamus. eLife 2024; 12:RP92095. [PMID: 38884573 PMCID: PMC11182646 DOI: 10.7554/elife.92095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Rapid eye movement sleep (REMs) is characterized by activated electroencephalogram (EEG) and muscle atonia, accompanied by vivid dreams. REMs is homeostatically regulated, ensuring that any loss of REMs is compensated by a subsequent increase in its amount. However, the neural mechanisms underlying the homeostatic control of REMs are largely unknown. Here, we show that GABAergic neurons in the preoptic area of the hypothalamus projecting to the tuberomammillary nucleus (POAGAD2→TMN neurons) are crucial for the homeostatic regulation of REMs in mice. POAGAD2→TMN neurons are most active during REMs, and inhibiting them specifically decreases REMs. REMs restriction leads to an increased number and amplitude of calcium transients in POAGAD2→TMN neurons, reflecting the accumulation of REMs pressure. Inhibiting POAGAD2→TMN neurons during REMs restriction blocked the subsequent rebound of REMs. Our findings reveal a hypothalamic circuit whose activity mirrors the buildup of homeostatic REMs pressure during restriction and that is required for the ensuing rebound in REMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- John J Maurer
- Department of Neuroscience, Chronobiology and Sleep Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - Alexandra Lin
- Department of Neuroscience, Chronobiology and Sleep Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - Xi Jin
- Department of Neuroscience, Chronobiology and Sleep Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - Jiso Hong
- Department of Neuroscience, Chronobiology and Sleep Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - Nicholas Sathi
- Department of Neuroscience, Chronobiology and Sleep Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - Romain Cardis
- Department of Fundamental Neurosciences, University of LausanneLausanneSwitzerland
| | | | - Anita Lüthi
- Department of Fundamental Neurosciences, University of LausanneLausanneSwitzerland
| | - Franz Weber
- Department of Neuroscience, Chronobiology and Sleep Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - Shinjae Chung
- Department of Neuroscience, Chronobiology and Sleep Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
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4
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Luppi PH, Chancel A, Malcey J, Cabrera S, Fort P, Maciel RM. Which structure generates paradoxical (REM) sleep: The brainstem, the hypothalamus, the amygdala or the cortex? Sleep Med Rev 2024; 74:101907. [PMID: 38422648 DOI: 10.1016/j.smrv.2024.101907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Paradoxical or Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep (PS) is a state characterized by REMs, EEG activation and muscle atonia. In this review, we discuss the contribution of brainstem, hypothalamic, amygdalar and cortical structures in PS genesis. We propose that muscle atonia during PS is due to activation of glutamatergic neurons localized in the pontine sublaterodorsal tegmental nucleus (SLD) projecting to glycinergic/GABAergic pre-motoneurons localized in the ventro-medial medulla (vmM). The SLD PS-on neurons are inactivated during wakefulness and slow-wave sleep by PS-off GABAergic neurons localized in the ventrolateral periaqueductal gray (vPAG) and the adjacent deep mesencephalic reticular nucleus. Melanin concentrating hormone (MCH) and GABAergic PS-on neurons localized in the posterior hypothalamus would inhibit these PS-off neurons to initiate the state. Finally, the activation of a few limbic cortical structures during PS by the claustrum and the supramammillary nucleus as well as that of the basolateral amygdala would also contribute to PS expression. Accumulating evidence indicates that the activation of these limbic structures plays a role in memory consolidation and would communicate to the PS-generating structures the need for PS to process memory. In summary, PS generation is controlled by structures distributed from the cortex to the medullary level of the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre-Hervé Luppi
- INSERM, U1028, CNRS, UMR5292, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, SLEEP Team "Physiopathologie des réseaux neuronaux responsables du cycle veille-sommeil", Lyon, France; University Claude Bernard, Lyon 1, Lyon, France.
| | - Amarine Chancel
- INSERM, U1028, CNRS, UMR5292, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, SLEEP Team "Physiopathologie des réseaux neuronaux responsables du cycle veille-sommeil", Lyon, France; University Claude Bernard, Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Justin Malcey
- INSERM, U1028, CNRS, UMR5292, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, SLEEP Team "Physiopathologie des réseaux neuronaux responsables du cycle veille-sommeil", Lyon, France; University Claude Bernard, Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Sébastien Cabrera
- INSERM, U1028, CNRS, UMR5292, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, SLEEP Team "Physiopathologie des réseaux neuronaux responsables du cycle veille-sommeil", Lyon, France; University Claude Bernard, Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Patrice Fort
- INSERM, U1028, CNRS, UMR5292, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, SLEEP Team "Physiopathologie des réseaux neuronaux responsables du cycle veille-sommeil", Lyon, France; University Claude Bernard, Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Renato M Maciel
- INSERM, U1028, CNRS, UMR5292, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, SLEEP Team "Physiopathologie des réseaux neuronaux responsables du cycle veille-sommeil", Lyon, France; University Claude Bernard, Lyon 1, Lyon, France
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5
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Maurer J, Lin A, Jin X, Hong J, Sathi N, Cardis R, Osorio-Forero A, Lüthi A, Weber F, Chung S. Homeostatic regulation of REM sleep by the preoptic area of the hypothalamus. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.08.22.554341. [PMID: 37662417 PMCID: PMC10473649 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.22.554341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Rapid-eye-movement sleep (REMs) is characterized by activated electroencephalogram (EEG) and muscle atonia, accompanied by vivid dreams. REMs is homeostatically regulated, ensuring that any loss of REMs is compensated by a subsequent increase in its amount. However, the neural mechanisms underlying the homeostatic control of REMs are largely unknown. Here, we show that GABAergic neurons in the preoptic area of the hypothalamus projecting to the tuberomammillary nucleus (POAGAD2→TMN neurons) are crucial for the homeostatic regulation of REMs. POAGAD2→TMN neurons are most active during REMs, and inhibiting them specifically decreases REMs. REMs restriction leads to an increased number and amplitude of calcium transients in POAGAD2→TMN neurons, reflecting the accumulation of REMs pressure. Inhibiting POAGAD2→TMN neurons during REMs restriction blocked the subsequent rebound of REMs. Our findings reveal a hypothalamic circuit whose activity mirrors the buildup of homeostatic REMs pressure during restriction and that is required for the ensuing rebound in REMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Maurer
- Department of Neuroscience, Chronobiology and Sleep Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Alex Lin
- Department of Neuroscience, Chronobiology and Sleep Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Xi Jin
- Department of Neuroscience, Chronobiology and Sleep Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jiso Hong
- Department of Neuroscience, Chronobiology and Sleep Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Nicholas Sathi
- Department of Neuroscience, Chronobiology and Sleep Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Romain Cardis
- Department of Fundamental Neurosciences, University of Lausanne, Rue du Bugnon 9, CH-1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Alejandro Osorio-Forero
- Department of Fundamental Neurosciences, University of Lausanne, Rue du Bugnon 9, CH-1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Anita Lüthi
- Department of Fundamental Neurosciences, University of Lausanne, Rue du Bugnon 9, CH-1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Franz Weber
- Department of Neuroscience, Chronobiology and Sleep Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Shinjae Chung
- Department of Neuroscience, Chronobiology and Sleep Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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6
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Schott AL, Baik J, Chung S, Weber F. A medullary hub for controlling REM sleep and pontine waves. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3922. [PMID: 37400467 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39496-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Rapid-eye-movement (REM) sleep is a distinct behavioral state associated with vivid dreaming and memory processing. Phasic bursts of electrical activity, measurable as spike-like pontine (P)-waves, are a hallmark of REM sleep implicated in memory consolidation. However, the brainstem circuits regulating P-waves, and their interactions with circuits generating REM sleep, remain largely unknown. Here, we show that an excitatory population of dorsomedial medulla (dmM) neurons expressing corticotropin-releasing-hormone (CRH) regulates both REM sleep and P-waves in mice. Calcium imaging showed that dmM CRH neurons are selectively activated during REM sleep and recruited during P-waves, and opto- and chemogenetic experiments revealed that this population promotes REM sleep. Chemogenetic manipulation also induced prolonged changes in P-wave frequency, while brief optogenetic activation reliably triggered P-waves along with transiently accelerated theta oscillations in the electroencephalogram (EEG). Together, these findings anatomically and functionally delineate a common medullary hub for the regulation of both REM sleep and P-waves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda L Schott
- Department of Neuroscience, Perelman School of Medicine, Chronobiology and Sleep Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Justin Baik
- Department of Neuroscience, Perelman School of Medicine, Chronobiology and Sleep Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Shinjae Chung
- Department of Neuroscience, Perelman School of Medicine, Chronobiology and Sleep Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Franz Weber
- Department of Neuroscience, Perelman School of Medicine, Chronobiology and Sleep Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
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7
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Wang J, Miao X, Sun Y, Li S, Wu A, Wei C. Dopaminergic System in Promoting Recovery from General Anesthesia. Brain Sci 2023; 13:brainsci13040538. [PMID: 37190503 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13040538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Dopamine is an important neurotransmitter that plays a biological role by binding to dopamine receptors. The dopaminergic system regulates neural activities, such as reward and punishment, memory, motor control, emotion, and sleep-wake. Numerous studies have confirmed that the dopaminergic system has the function of maintaining wakefulness in the body. In recent years, there has been increasing evidence that the sleep-wake cycle in the brain has similar neurobrain network mechanisms to those associated with the loss and recovery of consciousness induced by general anesthesia. With the continuous development and innovation of neurobiological techniques, the dopaminergic system has now been proved to be involved in the emergence from general anesthesia through the modulation of neuronal activity. This article is an overview of the dopaminergic system and the research progress into its role in wakefulness and general anesthesia recovery. It provides a theoretical basis for interpreting the mechanisms regulating consciousness during general anesthesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinxu Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Xiaolei Miao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Yi Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Sijie Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Anshi Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Changwei Wei
- Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
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8
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A Narrative Review on REM Sleep Deprivation: A Promising Non-Pharmaceutical Alternative for Treating Endogenous Depression. J Pers Med 2023; 13:jpm13020306. [PMID: 36836540 PMCID: PMC9960519 DOI: 10.3390/jpm13020306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Endogenous depression represents a severe mental health condition projected to become one of the worldwide leading causes of years lived with disability. The currently available clinical and non-clinical interventions designed to alleviate endogenous depression-associated symptoms encounter a series of inconveniences, from the lack of intervention effectiveness and medication adherence to unpleasant side effects. In addition, depressive individuals tend to be more frequent users of primary care units, which markedly affects the overall treatment costs. In parallel with the growing incidence of endogenous depression, researchers in sleep science have discovered multiple links between rapid eye movement (REM) sleep patterns and endogenous depression. Recent findings suggest that prolonged periods of REM sleep are associated with different psychiatric disorders, including endogenous depression. In addition, a growing body of experimental work confidently describes REM sleep deprivation (REM-D) as the underlying mechanism of most pharmaceutical antidepressants, proving its utility as either an independent or adjuvant approach to alleviating the symptoms of endogenous depression. In this regard, REM-D is currently being explored for its potential value as a sleep intervention-based method for improving the clinical management of endogenous depression. Therefore, this narrative review represents a comprehensive inventory of the currently available evidence supporting the potential use of REM-D as a reliable, non-pharmaceutical approach for treating endogenous depression, or as an adjuvant practice that could improve the effectiveness of currently used medication.
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Zhao YN, Jiang JB, Tao SY, Zhang Y, Chen ZK, Qu WM, Huang ZL, Yang SR. GABAergic neurons in the rostromedial tegmental nucleus are essential for rapid eye movement sleep suppression. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7552. [PMID: 36477665 PMCID: PMC9729601 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-35299-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep disturbances are prevalent in various psychiatric disorders. However, the neural circuits that regulate REM sleep remain poorly understood. Here, we found that in male mice, optogenetic activation of rostromedial tegmental nucleus (RMTg) GABAergic neurons immediately converted REM sleep to arousal and then initiated non-REM (NREM) sleep. Conversely, laser-mediated inactivation completely converted NREM to REM sleep and prolonged REM sleep duration. The activity of RMTg GABAergic neurons increased to a high discharge level at the termination of REM sleep. RMTg GABAergic neurons directly converted REM sleep to wakefulness and NREM sleep via inhibitory projections to the laterodorsal tegmentum (LDT) and lateral hypothalamus (LH), respectively. Furthermore, LDT glutamatergic neurons were responsible for the REM sleep-wake transitions following photostimulation of the RMTgGABA-LDT circuit. Thus, RMTg GABAergic neurons are essential for suppressing the induction and maintenance of REM sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Nan Zhao
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences; State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science; Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Jian-Bo Jiang
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences; State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science; Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Shi-Yuan Tao
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences; State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science; Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Yang Zhang
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences; State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science; Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Ze-Ka Chen
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences; State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science; Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Wei-Min Qu
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences; State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science; Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Zhi-Li Huang
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences; State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science; Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Su-Rong Yang
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences; State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science; Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 China
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Kirjavainen A, Singh P, Lahti L, Seja P, Lelkes Z, Makkonen A, Kilpinen S, Ono Y, Salminen M, Aitta-Aho T, Stenberg T, Molchanova S, Achim K, Partanen J. Gata2, Nkx2-2 and Skor2 form a transcription factor network regulating development of a midbrain GABAergic neuron subtype with characteristics of REM-sleep regulatory neurons. Development 2022; 149:275960. [DOI: 10.1242/dev.200937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT
The midbrain reticular formation (MRF) is a mosaic of diverse GABAergic and glutamatergic neurons that have been associated with a variety of functions, including sleep regulation. However, the molecular characteristics and development of MRF neurons are poorly understood. As the transcription factor, Gata2 is required for the development of all GABAergic neurons derived from the embryonic mouse midbrain, we hypothesized that the genes expressed downstream of Gata2 could contribute to the diversification of GABAergic neuron subtypes in this brain region. Here, we show that Gata2 is required for the expression of several GABAergic lineage-specific transcription factors, including Nkx2-2 and Skor2, which are co-expressed in a restricted group of post-mitotic GABAergic precursors in the MRF. Both Gata2 and Nkx2-2 function is required for Skor2 expression in GABAergic precursors. In the adult mouse and rat midbrain, Nkx2-2-and Skor2-expressing GABAergic neurons locate at the boundary of the ventrolateral periaqueductal gray and the MRF, an area containing REM-off neurons regulating REM sleep. In addition to the characteristic localization, Skor2+ cells increase their activity upon REM-sleep inhibition, send projections to the dorsolateral pons, a region associated with sleep control, and are responsive to orexins, consistent with the known properties of midbrain REM-off neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kirjavainen
- Molecular and Integrative Biosciences Research Programme 1 , Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, PO Box 56 , , Helsinki , Finland
- FIN00014-University of Helsinki 1 , Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, PO Box 56 , , Helsinki , Finland
| | - Parul Singh
- Molecular and Integrative Biosciences Research Programme 1 , Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, PO Box 56 , , Helsinki , Finland
- FIN00014-University of Helsinki 1 , Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, PO Box 56 , , Helsinki , Finland
| | - Laura Lahti
- Molecular and Integrative Biosciences Research Programme 1 , Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, PO Box 56 , , Helsinki , Finland
- FIN00014-University of Helsinki 1 , Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, PO Box 56 , , Helsinki , Finland
| | - Patricia Seja
- Molecular and Integrative Biosciences Research Programme 1 , Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, PO Box 56 , , Helsinki , Finland
- FIN00014-University of Helsinki 1 , Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, PO Box 56 , , Helsinki , Finland
| | - Zoltan Lelkes
- FIN00014-University of Helsinki 2 Department of Physiology, PO Box 63 , , Helsinki , Finland
- University of Szeged 3 Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine , , Szeged , Hungary
| | - Aki Makkonen
- FIN00014-University of Helsinki 4 Department of Pharmacology, PO Box 63 , , Helsinki , Finland
| | - Sami Kilpinen
- Molecular and Integrative Biosciences Research Programme 1 , Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, PO Box 56 , , Helsinki , Finland
- FIN00014-University of Helsinki 1 , Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, PO Box 56 , , Helsinki , Finland
| | - Yuichi Ono
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, Integrated Cell Biology, KAN Research Institute 5 , 6-8-2 Minatojima-Minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047 , Japan
| | - Marjo Salminen
- FIN00014-University of Helsinki 6 Department of Veterinary Biosciences, PO Box 66 , , Helsinki , Finland
| | - Teemu Aitta-Aho
- FIN00014-University of Helsinki 4 Department of Pharmacology, PO Box 63 , , Helsinki , Finland
| | - Tarja Stenberg
- FIN00014-University of Helsinki 2 Department of Physiology, PO Box 63 , , Helsinki , Finland
| | - Svetlana Molchanova
- Molecular and Integrative Biosciences Research Programme 1 , Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, PO Box 56 , , Helsinki , Finland
- FIN00014-University of Helsinki 1 , Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, PO Box 56 , , Helsinki , Finland
| | - Kaia Achim
- Molecular and Integrative Biosciences Research Programme 1 , Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, PO Box 56 , , Helsinki , Finland
- FIN00014-University of Helsinki 1 , Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, PO Box 56 , , Helsinki , Finland
| | - Juha Partanen
- Molecular and Integrative Biosciences Research Programme 1 , Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, PO Box 56 , , Helsinki , Finland
- FIN00014-University of Helsinki 1 , Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, PO Box 56 , , Helsinki , Finland
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11
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Stucynski JA, Schott AL, Baik J, Chung S, Weber F. Regulation of REM sleep by inhibitory neurons in the dorsomedial medulla. Curr Biol 2022; 32:37-50.e6. [PMID: 34735794 PMCID: PMC8752505 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2021.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The two major stages of mammalian sleep-rapid eye movement sleep (REMs) and non-REM sleep (NREMs)-are characterized by distinct brain rhythms ranging from millisecond to minute-long (infraslow) oscillations. The mechanisms controlling transitions between sleep stages and how they are synchronized with infraslow rhythms remain poorly understood. Using opto- and chemogenetic manipulation in mice, we show that GABAergic neurons in the dorsomedial medulla (dmM) promote the initiation and maintenance of REMs, in part through their projections to the dorsal and median raphe nuclei. Fiber photometry revealed that their activity is strongly increased during REMs and fluctuates during NREMs in close synchrony with infraslow oscillations in the sleep spindle band of the electroencephalogram. The phase of this rhythm influenced the latency and probability with which dmM activation induced REMs. Thus, dmM inhibitory neurons strongly promote REMs, and their slow activity fluctuations may coordinate the timing of REMs episodes with infraslow brain rhythms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph A. Stucynski
- Department of Neuroscience, Perelman School of Medicine, Chronobiology and Sleep Institute, University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Amanda L. Schott
- Department of Neuroscience, Perelman School of Medicine, Chronobiology and Sleep Institute, University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Justin Baik
- Department of Neuroscience, Perelman School of Medicine, Chronobiology and Sleep Institute, University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA,Present address: Inscopix, 2462 Embarcadero Way, Palo Alto, CA 94303, USA
| | - Shinjae Chung
- Department of Neuroscience, Perelman School of Medicine, Chronobiology and Sleep Institute, University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Franz Weber
- Department of Neuroscience, Perelman School of Medicine, Chronobiology and Sleep Institute, University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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12
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Tsai CJ, Nagata T, Liu CY, Suganuma T, Kanda T, Miyazaki T, Liu K, Saitoh T, Nagase H, Lazarus M, Vogt KE, Yanagisawa M, Hayashi Y. Cerebral capillary blood flow upsurge during REM sleep is mediated by A2a receptors. Cell Rep 2021; 36:109558. [PMID: 34407410 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Sleep is generally viewed as a period of recovery, but how the supply of cerebral blood flow (CBF) changes across sleep/wake states has remained unclear. Here, we directly observe red blood cells (RBCs) within capillaries, where the actual substance exchange between the blood and neurons/glia occurs, by two-photon microscopy. Across multiple cortical areas, average capillary CBF is largely increased during rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, whereas it does not differ between periods of active wakefulness and non-REM sleep. Capillary RBC flow during REM sleep is further elevated following REM sleep deprivation, suggesting that capillary CBF reflects REM sleep pressure. At the molecular level, signaling via adenosine A2a receptors is crucial; in A2a-KO mice, capillary CBF upsurge during REM sleep is dampened, and effects of REM sleep pressure are abolished. These results provide evidence regarding the dynamics of capillary CBF across sleep/wake states and insights to the underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Jung Tsai
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) International Research Fellow, Tokyo 102-0083, Japan
| | - Takeshi Nagata
- PhD Program in Human Biology, School of Integrative and Global Majors, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Chih-Yao Liu
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Takaya Suganuma
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kanda
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Takehiro Miyazaki
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Kai Liu
- Center for Mathematical Sciences, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Tsuyoshi Saitoh
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nagase
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Michael Lazarus
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan; PhD Program in Human Biology, School of Integrative and Global Majors, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Kaspar E Vogt
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan; PhD Program in Human Biology, School of Integrative and Global Majors, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Masashi Yanagisawa
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan; PhD Program in Human Biology, School of Integrative and Global Majors, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Life Science Center for Survival Dynamics (TARA), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan; R&D Center for Frontiers of Mirai in Policy and Technology (F-MIRAI), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Yu Hayashi
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan; PhD Program in Human Biology, School of Integrative and Global Majors, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan; Department of Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 53 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 603-8363, Japan.
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13
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Circadian rhythm influences naloxone induced morphine withdrawal and neuronal activity of lateral paragigantocellularis nucleus. Behav Brain Res 2021; 414:113450. [PMID: 34265318 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2021.113450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Investigations have shown that the circadian rhythm can affect the mechanisms associated with drug dependence. In this regard, we sought to assess the negative consequence of morphine withdrawal syndrome on conditioned place aversion (CPA) and lateral paragigantocellularis (LPGi) neuronal activity in morphine-dependent rats during light (8:00-12:00) and dark (20:00-24:00) cycles. Male Wistar rats (250-300 g) were received 10 mg/kg morphine or its vehicle (Saline, 2 mL/kg/12 h, s.c.) in 13 consecutive days for behavioral assessment tests. Then, naloxone-induced conditioned place aversion and physical signs of withdrawal syndrome were evaluated during light and dark cycles. In contrast to the behavioral part, we performed in vivo extracellular single-unit recording for investigating the neural response of LPGi to naloxone in morphine-dependent rats on day 10 of morphine/saline exposure. Results showed that naloxone induced conditioned place aversion in both light and dark cycles, but the CPA score during the light cycle was larger. Moreover, the intensity of physical signs of morphine withdrawal syndrome was more severe during the light cycle (rest phase) compare to the dark one. In electrophysiological experiments, results indicated that naloxone evoked both excitatory and inhibitory responses in LPGi neurons and the incremental effect of naloxone on LPGi activity was stronger in the light cycle. Also, the neurons with the excitatory response exhibited higher baseline activity in the dark cycle, but the neurons with the inhibitory response showed higher baseline activity in the light cycle. Interestingly, the baseline firing rate of neurons recorded in the light cycle was significantly different in response (excitatory/inhibitory) -dependent manner. We concluded that naloxone-induced changes in LPGi cellular activity and behaviors of morphine-dependent rats can be affected by circadian rhythm and the internal clock.
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Wang YQ, Liu WY, Li L, Qu WM, Huang ZL. Neural circuitry underlying REM sleep: A review of the literature and current concepts. Prog Neurobiol 2021; 204:102106. [PMID: 34144122 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2021.102106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
As one of the fundamental sleep states, rapid eye movement (REM) sleep is believed to be associated with dreaming and is characterized by low-voltage, fast electroencephalographic activity and loss of muscle tone. However, the mechanisms of REM sleep generation have remained unclear despite decades of research. Several models of REM sleep have been established, including a reciprocal interaction model, limit-cycle model, flip-flop model, and a model involving γ-aminobutyric acid, glutamate, and aminergic/orexin/melanin-concentrating hormone neurons. In the present review, we discuss these models and summarize two typical disorders related to REM sleep, namely REM sleep behavior disorder and narcolepsy. REM sleep behavior disorder is a sleep muscle-tone-related disorder and can be treated with clonazepam and melatonin. Narcolepsy, with core symptoms of excessive daytime sleepiness and cataplexy, is strongly connected with orexin in early adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Qun Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences and State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Wen-Ying Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences and State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences and State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Wei-Min Qu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences and State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Zhi-Li Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences and State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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15
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Dergacheva O, Fleury-Curado T, Polotsky VY, Kay M, Jain V, Mendelowitz D. GABA and glycine neurons from the ventral medullary region inhibit hypoglossal motoneurons. Sleep 2021; 43:5674942. [PMID: 31832664 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsz301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common disorder characterized by repetitive sleep-related losses of upper airway patency that occur most frequently during rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. Hypoglossal motoneurons play a key role in regulating upper airway muscle tone and patency during sleep. REM sleep activates GABA and glycine neurons in the ventral medulla (VM) to induce cortical desynchronization and skeletal muscle atonia during REM sleep; however, the role of this brain region in modulating hypoglossal motor activity is unknown. We combined optogenetic and chemogenetic approaches with in-vitro and in-vivo electrophysiology, respectfully, in GAD2-Cre mice of both sexes to test the hypothesis that VM GABA/glycine neurons control the activity of hypoglossal motoneurons and tongue muscles. Here, we show that there is a pathway originating from GABA/glycine neurons in the VM that monosynaptically inhibits brainstem hypoglossal motoneurons innervating both tongue protruder genioglossus (GMNs) and retractor (RMNs) muscles. Optogenetic activation of ChR2-expressing fibers induced a greater postsynaptic inhibition in RMNs than in GMNs. In-vivo chemogenetic activation of VM GABA/glycine neurons produced an inhibitory effect on tongue electromyographic (EMG) activity, decreasing both the amplitude and duration of inspiratory-related EMG bursts without any change in respiratory rate. These results indicate that activation of GABA/glycine neurons from the VM inhibits tongue muscles via a direct pathway to both GMNs and RMNs. This inhibition may play a role in REM sleep associated upper airway obstructions that occur in patients with OSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Dergacheva
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, the George Washington University, Washington, DC
| | - Thomaz Fleury-Curado
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Vsevolod Y Polotsky
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Matthew Kay
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, the George Washington University, Washington, DC
| | - Vivek Jain
- Department of Medicine, the George Washington University, Washington, DC
| | - David Mendelowitz
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, the George Washington University, Washington, DC
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16
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Girard F, von Siebenthal M, Davis FP, Celio MR. Gene expression analysis in the mouse brainstem identifies Cart and Nesfatin as neuropeptides coexpressed in the Calbindin-positive neurons of the Nucleus papilio. Sleep 2020; 43:5826369. [PMID: 32343818 PMCID: PMC7658639 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsaa085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Study Objectives: The brainstem contains several neuronal populations, heterogeneous in terms of neurotransmitter/neuropeptide content, which are important for controlling various aspects of the rapid eye movement (REM) phase of sleep. Among these populations are the Calbindin (Calb)-immunoreactive NPCalb neurons, located in the Nucleus papilio, within the dorsal paragigantocellular nucleus (DPGi), and recently shown to control eye movement during the REM phase of sleep. Methods: We performed in-depth data mining of the in situ hybridization data collected at the Allen Brain Atlas, in order to identify potentially interesting genes expressed in this brainstem nucleus. Our attention focused on genes encoding neuropeptides, including Cart (Cocaine and Amphetamine Regulated Transcripts) and Nesfatin 1. Results: While nesfatin 1 appeared ubiquitously expressed in this Calb-positive neuronal population, Cart was coexpressed in only a subset of these glutamatergic NPCalb neurons. Furthermore, an REM sleep deprivation and rebound assay performed with mice revealed that the Cart-positive neuronal population within the DPGi was activated during REM sleep (as measured by c-fos immunoreactivity), suggesting a role of this neuropeptide in regulating some aspects of REM sleep. Conclusions: The assembled information could afford functional clues to investigators, conducive to further experimental pursuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franck Girard
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Science, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | | | - Fred P Davis
- Janelia-Farm Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA
| | - Marco R Celio
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Science, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
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17
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Ahmadi-Soleimani SM, Mianbandi V, Azizi H, Azhdari-Zarmehri H, Ghaemi-Jandabi M, Abbasi-Mazar A, Mohajer Y, Darana SP. Coregulation of sleep-pain physiological interplay by orexin system: An unprecedented review. Behav Brain Res 2020; 391:112650. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2020.112650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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18
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Adolescent nicotine challenge promotes the future vulnerability to opioid addiction: Involvement of lateral paragigantocellularis neurons. Life Sci 2019; 234:116784. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.116784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 08/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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19
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Zhang Z, Zhong P, Hu F, Barger Z, Ren Y, Ding X, Li S, Weber F, Chung S, Palmiter RD, Dan Y. An Excitatory Circuit in the Perioculomotor Midbrain for Non-REM Sleep Control. Cell 2019; 177:1293-1307.e16. [PMID: 31031008 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2019.03.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Revised: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The perioculomotor (pIII) region of the midbrain was postulated as a sleep-regulating center in the 1890s but largely neglected in subsequent studies. Using activity-dependent labeling and gene expression profiling, we identified pIII neurons that promote non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep. Optrode recording showed that pIII glutamatergic neurons expressing calcitonin gene-related peptide alpha (CALCA) are NREM-sleep active; optogenetic and chemogenetic activation/inactivation showed that they strongly promote NREM sleep. Within the pIII region, CALCA neurons form reciprocal connections with another population of glutamatergic neurons that express the peptide cholecystokinin (CCK). Activation of CCK neurons also promoted NREM sleep. Both CALCA and CCK neurons project rostrally to the preoptic hypothalamus, whereas CALCA neurons also project caudally to the posterior ventromedial medulla. Activation of each projection increased NREM sleep. Together, these findings point to the pIII region as an excitatory sleep center where different subsets of glutamatergic neurons promote NREM sleep through both local reciprocal connections and long-range projections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Zhang
- Division of Neurobiology, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Peng Zhong
- Division of Neurobiology, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Fei Hu
- Division of Neurobiology, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Zeke Barger
- Division of Neurobiology, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Yulan Ren
- Division of Neurobiology, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Xinlu Ding
- Division of Neurobiology, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Shangzhong Li
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Franz Weber
- Division of Neurobiology, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Shinjae Chung
- Division of Neurobiology, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Richard D Palmiter
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Departments of Biochemistry and Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Yang Dan
- Division of Neurobiology, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
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20
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Abstract
In the present chapter, hypotheses on the mechanisms responsible for the genesis of the three vigilance states, namely, waking, non-rapid eye movement (non-REM) also called slow-wave sleep (SWS), and REM sleep also called paradoxical sleep (PS), are presented. A huge number of studies first indicate that waking is induced by the activation of multiple waking systems, including the serotonergic, noradrenergic, cholinergic, and hypocretin systems. At the onset of sleep, the SWS-active neurons would be activated by the circadian clock localized in the suprachiasmatic nucleus and a hypnogenic factor, adenosine, which progressively accumulates in the brain during waking. A number of studies support the hypothesis that SWS results from the activation of GABAergic neurons localized in the ventrolateral preoptic nucleus (VLPO). However, new GABAergic systems recently described localized in the parafacial, accumbens, and reticular thalamic nuclei will be also presented. In addition, we will show that a large body of data strongly suggests that the switch from SWS to PS is due to the interaction of multiple populations of glutamatergic and GABAergic neurons localized in the posterior hypothalamus and the brainstem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre-Hervé Luppi
- Team "Physiopathologie des réseaux neuronaux responsables du cycle veille-sommeil", INSERM, U1028, CNRS, UMR5292, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Lyon, France.
- University Lyon 1, Lyon, France.
| | - Patrice Fort
- Team "Physiopathologie des réseaux neuronaux responsables du cycle veille-sommeil", INSERM, U1028, CNRS, UMR5292, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Lyon, France
- University Lyon 1, Lyon, France
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22
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Arrigoni E, Chee MJS, Fuller PM. To eat or to sleep: That is a lateral hypothalamic question. Neuropharmacology 2018; 154:34-49. [PMID: 30503993 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2018.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The lateral hypothalamus (LH) is a functionally and anatomically complex brain region that is involved in the regulation of many behavioral and physiological processes including feeding, arousal, energy balance, stress, reward and motivated behaviors, pain perception, body temperature regulation, digestive functions and blood pressure. Despite noteworthy experimental efforts over the past decades, the circuit, cellular and synaptic bases by which these different processes are regulated by the LH remains incompletely understood. This knowledge gap links in large part to the high cellular heterogeneity of the LH. Fortunately, the rapid evolution of newer genetic and electrophysiological tools is now permitting the selective manipulation, typically genetically-driven, of discrete LH cell populations. This, in turn, permits not only assignment of function to discrete cell groups, but also reveals that considerable synergistic and antagonistic interactions exist between key LH cell populations that regulate feeding and arousal. For example, we now know that while LH melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) and orexin/hypocretin neurons both function as sensors of the internal metabolic environment, their roles regulating sleep and arousal are actually opposing. Additional studies have uncovered similarly important roles for subpopulations of LH GABAergic cells in the regulation of both feeding and arousal. Herein we review the role of LH MCH, orexin/hypocretin and GABAergic cell populations in the regulation of energy homeostasis (including feeding) and sleep-wake and discuss how these three cell populations, and their subpopulations, may interact to optimize and coordinate metabolism, sleep and arousal. This article is part of the Special Issue entitled 'Hypothalamic Control of Homeostasis'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elda Arrigoni
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
| | - Melissa J S Chee
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Patrick M Fuller
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
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23
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Héricé C, Patel AA, Sakata S. Circuit mechanisms and computational models of REM sleep. Neurosci Res 2018; 140:77-92. [PMID: 30118737 PMCID: PMC6403104 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2018.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Revised: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
REM sleep was discovered in the 1950s. Many hypothalamic and brainstem areas have been found to contribute to REM sleep. An up-to-date picture of REM-sleep-regulating circuits is reviewed. A brief overview of computational models for REM sleep regulation is provided. Outstanding issues for future studies are discussed.
Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep or paradoxical sleep is an elusive behavioral state. Since its discovery in the 1950s, our knowledge of the neuroanatomy, neurotransmitters and neuropeptides underlying REM sleep regulation has continually evolved in parallel with the development of novel technologies. Although the pons was initially discovered to be responsible for REM sleep, it has since been revealed that many components in the hypothalamus, midbrain, pons, and medulla also contribute to REM sleep. In this review, we first provide an up-to-date overview of REM sleep-regulating circuits in the brainstem and hypothalamus by summarizing experimental evidence from neuroanatomical, neurophysiological and gain- and loss-of-function studies. Second, because quantitative approaches are essential for understanding the complexity of REM sleep-regulating circuits and because mathematical models have provided valuable insights into the dynamics underlying REM sleep genesis and maintenance, we summarize computational studies of the sleep-wake cycle, with an emphasis on REM sleep regulation. Finally, we discuss outstanding issues for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Héricé
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK
| | - Amisha A Patel
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK
| | - Shuzo Sakata
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK.
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24
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Sánchez-López A, Silva-Pérez M, Escudero M. Temporal dynamics of the transition period between nonrapid eye movement and rapid eye movement sleep in the rat. Sleep 2018; 41:5042786. [DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsy121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Alvaro Sánchez-López
- Departamento de Fisiología, Neurociencia y Comportamiento, Universidad de Sevilla, Avda. Reina Mercedes, – Seville, Spain
| | - Manuel Silva-Pérez
- Departamento de Fisiología, Neurociencia y Comportamiento, Universidad de Sevilla, Avda. Reina Mercedes, – Seville, Spain
| | - Miguel Escudero
- Departamento de Fisiología, Neurociencia y Comportamiento, Universidad de Sevilla, Avda. Reina Mercedes, – Seville, Spain
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25
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Ventromedial medulla inhibitory neuron inactivation induces REM sleep without atonia and REM sleep behavior disorder. Nat Commun 2018; 9:504. [PMID: 29402935 PMCID: PMC5799338 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-02761-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 12/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite decades of research, there is a persistent debate regarding the localization of GABA/glycine neurons responsible for hyperpolarizing somatic motoneurons during paradoxical (or REM) sleep (PS), resulting in the loss of muscle tone during this sleep state. Combining complementary neuroanatomical approaches in rats, we first show that these inhibitory neurons are localized within the ventromedial medulla (vmM) rather than within the spinal cord. We then demonstrate their functional role in PS expression through local injections of adeno-associated virus carrying specific short-hairpin RNA in order to chronically impair inhibitory neurotransmission from vmM. After such selective genetic inactivation, rats display PS without atonia associated with abnormal and violent motor activity, concomitant with a small reduction of daily PS quantity. These symptoms closely mimic human REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD), a prodromal parasomnia of synucleinopathies. Our findings demonstrate the crucial role of GABA/glycine inhibitory vmM neurons in muscle atonia during PS and highlight a candidate brain region that can be susceptible to α-synuclein-dependent degeneration in RBD patients.
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Regulation of Lateral Hypothalamic Orexin Activity by Local GABAergic Neurons. J Neurosci 2018; 38:1588-1599. [PMID: 29311142 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1925-17.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Revised: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Orexin (also known as hypocretin) neurons are considered a key component of the ascending arousal system. They are active during wakefulness, at which time they drive and maintain arousal, and are silent during sleep. Their activity is controlled by long-range inputs from many sources, as well as by more short-range inputs, including from presumptive GABAergic neurons in the lateral hypothalamus/perifornical region (LH/PF). To characterize local GABAergic input to orexin neurons, we used channelrhodopsin-2-assisted circuit mapping in brain slices. We expressed channelrhodopsin-2 in GABAergic neurons (Vgat+) in the LH/PF and recorded from genetically identified surrounding orexin neurons (LH/PFVgat → Orx). We performed all experiments in mice of either sex. Photostimulation of LH/PF GABAergic neurons inhibited the firing of orexin neurons through the release of GABA, evoking GABAA-mediated IPSCs in orexin neurons. These photo-evoked IPSCs were maintained in the presence of TTX, indicating direct connectivity. Carbachol inhibited LH/PFVgat → Orx input through muscarinic receptors. By contrast, application of orexin was without effect on LH/PFVgat → Orx input, whereas dynorphin, another peptide produced by orexin neurons, inhibited LH/PFVgat → Orx input through κ-opioid receptors. Our results demonstrate that orexin neurons are under inhibitory control by local GABAergic neurons and that this input is depressed by cholinergic signaling, unaffected by orexin and inhibited by dynorphin. We propose that local release of dynorphin may, via collaterals, provides a positive feedback to orexin neurons and that, during wakefulness, orexin neurons may be disinhibited by acetylcholine and by their own release of dynorphin.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The lateral hypothalamus contains important wake-promoting cell populations, including orexin-producing neurons. Intermingled with the orexin neurons, there are other cell populations that selectively discharge during nonrapid eye movement or rapid eye movement sleep. Some of these sleep-active neurons release GABA and are thought to inhibit wake-active neurons during rapid eye movement and nonrapid eye movement sleep. However, this hypothesis had not been tested. Here we show that orexin neurons are inhibited by a local GABAergic input. We propose that this local GABAergic input inhibits orexin neurons during sleep but that, during wakefulness, this input is depressed, possibly through cholinergically mediated disinhibition and/or by release of dynorphin from orexin neurons themselves.
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Luppi PH, Peyron C, Fort P. Not a single but multiple populations of GABAergic neurons control sleep. Sleep Med Rev 2017; 32:85-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smrv.2016.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2015] [Revised: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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The rostromedial zona incerta is involved in attentional processes while adjacent LHA responds to arousal: c-Fos and anatomical evidence. Brain Struct Funct 2017; 222:2507-2525. [DOI: 10.1007/s00429-016-1353-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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Valencia Garcia S, Libourel PA, Lazarus M, Grassi D, Luppi PH, Fort P. Genetic inactivation of glutamate neurons in the rat sublaterodorsal tegmental nucleus recapitulates REM sleep behaviour disorder. Brain 2016; 140:414-428. [PMID: 28007991 DOI: 10.1093/brain/aww310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Revised: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
SEE SCHENCK AND MAHOWALD DOI101093/AWW329 FOR A SCIENTIFIC COMMENTARY ON THIS ARTICLE: Idiopathic REM sleep behaviour disorder is characterized by the enactment of violent dreams during paradoxical (REM) sleep in the absence of normal muscle atonia. Accumulating clinical and experimental data suggest that REM sleep behaviour disorder might be due to the neurodegeneration of glutamate neurons involved in paradoxical sleep and located within the pontine sublaterodorsal tegmental nucleus. The purpose of the present work was thus to functionally determine first, the role of glutamate sublaterodorsal tegmental nucleus neurons in paradoxical sleep and second, whether their genetic inactivation is sufficient for recapitulating REM sleep behaviour disorder in rats. For this goal, we first injected two retrograde tracers in the intralaminar thalamus and ventral medulla to disentangle neuronal circuits in which sublaterodorsal tegmental nucleus is involved; second we infused bilaterally in sublaterodorsal tegmental nucleus adeno-associated viruses carrying short hairpin RNAs targeting Slc17a6 mRNA [which encodes vesicular glutamate transporter 2 (vGluT2)] to chronically impair glutamate synaptic transmission in sublaterodorsal tegmental nucleus neurons. At the neuroanatomical level, sublaterodorsal tegmental nucleus neurons specifically activated during paradoxical sleep hypersomnia send descending efferents to glycine/GABA neurons within the ventral medulla, but not ascending projections to the intralaminar thalamus. These data suggest a crucial role of sublaterodorsal tegmental nucleus neurons rather in muscle atonia than in paradoxical sleep generation. In line with this hypothesis, 30 days after adeno-associated virus injections into sublaterodorsal tegmental nucleus rats display a decrease of 30% of paradoxical sleep daily quantities, and a significant increase of muscle tone during paradoxical sleep concomitant to a tremendous increase of abnormal motor dream-enacting behaviours. These animals display symptoms and behaviours during paradoxical sleep that closely mimic human REM sleep behaviour disorder. Altogether, our data demonstrate that glutamate sublaterodorsal tegmental nucleus neurons generate muscle atonia during paradoxical sleep likely through descending projections to glycine/GABA premotor neurons in the ventral medulla. Although playing a role in paradoxical sleep regulation, they are, however, not necessary for inducing the state itself. The present work further validates a potent new preclinical REM sleep behaviour disorder model that opens avenues for studying and treating this disabling sleep disorder, and advances potential regions implicated in prodromal stages of synucleinopathies such as Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Valencia Garcia
- Neuroscience Research Center of Lyon (CRNL), CNRS UMR 5292, INSERM U1028, SLEEP Team, Lyon, France.,Lyon1 Claude Bernard University, Lyon, France
| | - Paul-Antoine Libourel
- Neuroscience Research Center of Lyon (CRNL), CNRS UMR 5292, INSERM U1028, SLEEP Team, Lyon, France.,Lyon1 Claude Bernard University, Lyon, France
| | - Michael Lazarus
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Daniela Grassi
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Pierre-Hervé Luppi
- Neuroscience Research Center of Lyon (CRNL), CNRS UMR 5292, INSERM U1028, SLEEP Team, Lyon, France.,Lyon1 Claude Bernard University, Lyon, France
| | - Patrice Fort
- Neuroscience Research Center of Lyon (CRNL), CNRS UMR 5292, INSERM U1028, SLEEP Team, Lyon, France .,Lyon1 Claude Bernard University, Lyon, France
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Arrigoni E, Chen MC, Fuller PM. The anatomical, cellular and synaptic basis of motor atonia during rapid eye movement sleep. J Physiol 2016; 594:5391-414. [PMID: 27060683 DOI: 10.1113/jp271324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep is a recurring part of the sleep-wake cycle characterized by fast, desynchronized rhythms in the electroencephalogram (EEG), hippocampal theta activity, rapid eye movements, autonomic activation and loss of postural muscle tone (atonia). The brain circuitry governing REM sleep is located in the pontine and medullary brainstem and includes ascending and descending projections that regulate the EEG and motor components of REM sleep. The descending signal for postural muscle atonia during REM sleep is thought to originate from glutamatergic neurons of the sublaterodorsal nucleus (SLD), which in turn activate glycinergic pre-motor neurons in the spinal cord and/or ventromedial medulla to inhibit motor neurons. Despite work over the past two decades on many neurotransmitter systems that regulate the SLD, gaps remain in our knowledge of the synaptic basis by which SLD REM neurons are regulated and in turn produce REM sleep atonia. Elucidating the anatomical, cellular and synaptic basis of REM sleep atonia control is a critical step for treating many sleep-related disorders including obstructive sleep apnoea (apnea), REM sleep behaviour disorder (RBD) and narcolepsy with cataplexy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elda Arrigoni
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
| | - Michael C Chen
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Patrick M Fuller
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
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Abstract
How does the brain control dreams? New science shows that a small node of cells in the medulla - the most primitive part of the brain - may function to control REM sleep, the brain state that underlies dreaming.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Peever
- Departments of Cell and Systems Biology and Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3G5, Canada.
| | - Patrick M Fuller
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
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Vanini G. Sleep Deprivation and Recovery Sleep Prior to a Noxious Inflammatory Insult Influence Characteristics and Duration of Pain. Sleep 2016; 39:133-42. [PMID: 26237772 DOI: 10.5665/sleep.5334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2015] [Accepted: 06/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES Insufficient sleep and chronic pain are public health epidemics. Sleep loss worsens pain and predicts the development of chronic pain. Whether previous, acute sleep loss and recovery sleep determine pain levels and duration remains poorly understood. This study tested whether acute sleep deprivation and recovery sleep prior to formalin injection alter post-injection pain levels and duration. METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 48) underwent sleep deprivation or ad libitum sleep for 9 hours. Thereafter, rats received a subcutaneous injection of formalin or saline into a hind paw. In the recovery sleep group, rats were allowed 24 h between sleep deprivation and the injection of formalin. Mechanical and thermal nociception were assessed using the von Frey test and Hargreaves' method. Nociceptive measures were performed at 1, 3, 7, 10, 14, 17 and 21 days post-injection. RESULTS Formalin caused bilateral mechanical hypersensitivity (allodynia) that persisted for up to 21 days post-injection. Sleep deprivation significantly enhanced bilateral allodynia. There was a synergistic interaction when sleep deprivation preceded a formalin injection. Rats allowed a recovery sleep period prior to formalin injection developed allodynia only in the injected limb, with higher mechanical thresholds (less allodynia) and a shorter recovery period. There were no persistent changes in thermal nociception. CONCLUSION The data suggest that acute sleep loss preceding an inflammatory insult enhances pain and can contribute to chronic pain. The results encourage studies in a model of surgical pain to test whether enhancing sleep reduces pain levels and duration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giancarlo Vanini
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
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Jennum P, Christensen JA, Zoetmulder M. Neurophysiological basis of rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder: informing future drug development. Nat Sci Sleep 2016; 8:107-20. [PMID: 27186147 PMCID: PMC4847600 DOI: 10.2147/nss.s99240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep behavior disorder (RBD) is a parasomnia characterized by a history of recurrent nocturnal dream enactment behavior and loss of skeletal muscle atonia and increased phasic muscle activity during REM sleep: REM sleep without atonia. RBD and associated comorbidities have recently been identified as one of the most specific and potentially sensitive risk factors for later development of any of the alpha-synucleinopathies: Parkinson's disease, dementia with Lewy bodies, and other atypical parkinsonian syndromes. Several other sleep-related abnormalities have recently been identified in patients with RBD/Parkinson's disease who experience abnormalities in sleep electroencephalographic frequencies, sleep-wake transitions, wake and sleep stability, occurrence and morphology of sleep spindles, and electrooculography measures. These findings suggest a gradual involvement of the brainstem and other structures, which is in line with the gradual involvement known in these disorders. We propose that these findings may help identify biomarkers of individuals at high risk of subsequent conversion to parkinsonism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poul Jennum
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Danish Center for Sleep Medicine, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Julie Ae Christensen
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Danish Center for Sleep Medicine, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marielle Zoetmulder
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Danish Center for Sleep Medicine, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Loonen AJM, Ivanova SA. Circuits regulating pleasure and happiness in major depression. Med Hypotheses 2015; 87:14-21. [PMID: 26826634 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2015.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2015] [Revised: 11/21/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The introduction of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors has gradually changed the borders of the major depression disease class. Anhedonia was considered a cardinal symptom of endogenous depression, but the potential of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors to treat anxiety disorders has increased the relevance of stress-induced morbidity. This shift has led to an important heterogeneity of current major depressive disorder. The complexity can be disentangled by postulating the existence of two different but mutually interacting neuronal circuits regulating the intensity of anhedonia (lack of pleasure) and dysphoria (lack of happiness). These circuits are functionally dominated by partly closed limbic (regulating misery-fleeing behaviour) and extrapyramidal (regulating reward-seeking behaviour) cortico-striato-thalamo-cortical (CSTC) circuits. The re-entry circuits include the shell and core parts of the accumbens nucleus, respectively. Pleasure can be considered to result from finding relief from the hypermotivation to exhibit rewarding behaviour, and happiness from finding relief from negative or conflicting circumstances. Hyperactivity of the extrapyramidal CSTC circuit results in craving, whereas hyperactivity of the limbic system results in dysphoria.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J M Loonen
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - S A Ivanova
- Mental Health Research Institute, and National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk, Russian Federation
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Fraigne JJ, Torontali ZA, Snow MB, Peever JH. REM Sleep at its Core - Circuits, Neurotransmitters, and Pathophysiology. Front Neurol 2015; 6:123. [PMID: 26074874 PMCID: PMC4448509 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2015.00123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep is generated and maintained by the interaction of a variety of neurotransmitter systems in the brainstem, forebrain, and hypothalamus. Within these circuits lies a core region that is active during REM sleep, known as the subcoeruleus nucleus (SubC) or sublaterodorsal nucleus. It is hypothesized that glutamatergic SubC neurons regulate REM sleep and its defining features such as muscle paralysis and cortical activation. REM sleep paralysis is initiated when glutamatergic SubC cells activate neurons in the ventral medial medulla, which causes release of GABA and glycine onto skeletal motoneurons. REM sleep timing is controlled by activity of GABAergic neurons in the ventrolateral periaqueductal gray and dorsal paragigantocellular reticular nucleus as well as melanin-concentrating hormone neurons in the hypothalamus and cholinergic cells in the laterodorsal and pedunculo-pontine tegmentum in the brainstem. Determining how these circuits interact with the SubC is important because breakdown in their communication is hypothesized to underlie narcolepsy/cataplexy and REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD). This review synthesizes our current understanding of mechanisms generating healthy REM sleep and how dysfunction of these circuits contributes to common REM sleep disorders such as cataplexy/narcolepsy and RBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimmy J Fraigne
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto , Toronto, ON , Canada
| | - Zoltan A Torontali
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto , Toronto, ON , Canada
| | - Matthew B Snow
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto , Toronto, ON , Canada
| | - John H Peever
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto , Toronto, ON , Canada
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Lim MM, Szymusiak R. Neurobiology of Arousal and Sleep: Updates and Insights Into Neurological Disorders. CURRENT SLEEP MEDICINE REPORTS 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s40675-015-0013-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Renouard L, Billwiller F, Ogawa K, Clément O, Camargo N, Abdelkarim M, Gay N, Scoté-Blachon C, Touré R, Libourel PA, Ravassard P, Salvert D, Peyron C, Claustrat B, Léger L, Salin P, Malleret G, Fort P, Luppi PH. The supramammillary nucleus and the claustrum activate the cortex during REM sleep. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2015; 1:e1400177. [PMID: 26601158 PMCID: PMC4640625 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1400177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2014] [Accepted: 03/11/2015] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Evidence in humans suggests that limbic cortices are more active during rapid eye movement (REM or paradoxical) sleep than during waking, a phenomenon fitting with the presence of vivid dreaming during this state. In that context, it seemed essential to determine which populations of cortical neurons are activated during REM sleep. Our aim in the present study is to fill this gap by combining gene expression analysis, functional neuroanatomy, and neurochemical lesions in rats. We find in rats that, during REM sleep hypersomnia compared to control and REM sleep deprivation, the dentate gyrus, claustrum, cortical amygdaloid nucleus, and medial entorhinal and retrosplenial cortices are the only cortical structures containing neurons with an increased expression of Bdnf, FOS, and ARC, known markers of activation and/or synaptic plasticity. Further, the dentate gyrus is the only cortical structure containing more FOS-labeled neurons during REM sleep hypersomnia than during waking. Combining FOS staining, retrograde labeling, and neurochemical lesion, we then provide evidence that FOS overexpression occurring in the cortex during REM sleep hypersomnia is due to projections from the supramammillary nucleus and the claustrum. Our results strongly suggest that only a subset of cortical and hippocampal neurons are activated and display plasticity during REM sleep by means of ascending projections from the claustrum and the supramammillary nucleus. Our results pave the way for future studies to identify the function of REM sleep with regard to dreaming and emotional memory processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie Renouard
- UMR 5292 CNRS/U1028 INSERM, Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon (CRNL), Team “Physiopathologie des réseaux neuronaux responsables du cycle veille-sommeil,” Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Faculté de Médecine RTH Laennec, 7 Rue Guillaume Paradin, 69372 Lyon Cedex 08, France
- College of Medical Sciences, Washington State University, 412 E. Spokane Falls Boulevard, PBS230, Spokane, WA 99202, USA
| | - Francesca Billwiller
- UMR 5292 CNRS/U1028 INSERM, Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon (CRNL), Team “Physiopathologie des réseaux neuronaux responsables du cycle veille-sommeil,” Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Faculté de Médecine RTH Laennec, 7 Rue Guillaume Paradin, 69372 Lyon Cedex 08, France
| | - Keiko Ogawa
- UMR 5292 CNRS/U1028 INSERM, Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon (CRNL), Team “Physiopathologie des réseaux neuronaux responsables du cycle veille-sommeil,” Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Faculté de Médecine RTH Laennec, 7 Rue Guillaume Paradin, 69372 Lyon Cedex 08, France
| | - Olivier Clément
- UMR 5292 CNRS/U1028 INSERM, Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon (CRNL), Team “Physiopathologie des réseaux neuronaux responsables du cycle veille-sommeil,” Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Faculté de Médecine RTH Laennec, 7 Rue Guillaume Paradin, 69372 Lyon Cedex 08, France
| | - Nutabi Camargo
- UMR 5292 CNRS/U1028 INSERM, Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon (CRNL), Team “Physiopathologie des réseaux neuronaux responsables du cycle veille-sommeil,” Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Faculté de Médecine RTH Laennec, 7 Rue Guillaume Paradin, 69372 Lyon Cedex 08, France
| | - Mouaadh Abdelkarim
- UMR 5292 CNRS/U1028 INSERM, Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon (CRNL), Team “Physiopathologie des réseaux neuronaux responsables du cycle veille-sommeil,” Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Faculté de Médecine RTH Laennec, 7 Rue Guillaume Paradin, 69372 Lyon Cedex 08, France
| | - Nadine Gay
- UMR 5292 CNRS/U1028 INSERM, Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon (CRNL), Team “Physiopathologie des réseaux neuronaux responsables du cycle veille-sommeil,” Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Faculté de Médecine RTH Laennec, 7 Rue Guillaume Paradin, 69372 Lyon Cedex 08, France
| | - Céline Scoté-Blachon
- UMR 5292 CNRS/U1028 INSERM, Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon (CRNL), Team “Physiopathologie des réseaux neuronaux responsables du cycle veille-sommeil,” Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Faculté de Médecine RTH Laennec, 7 Rue Guillaume Paradin, 69372 Lyon Cedex 08, France
| | - Rouguy Touré
- UMR 5292 CNRS/U1028 INSERM, Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon (CRNL), Team “Physiopathologie des réseaux neuronaux responsables du cycle veille-sommeil,” Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Faculté de Médecine RTH Laennec, 7 Rue Guillaume Paradin, 69372 Lyon Cedex 08, France
| | - Paul-Antoine Libourel
- UMR 5292 CNRS/U1028 INSERM, Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon (CRNL), Team “Physiopathologie des réseaux neuronaux responsables du cycle veille-sommeil,” Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Faculté de Médecine RTH Laennec, 7 Rue Guillaume Paradin, 69372 Lyon Cedex 08, France
| | - Pascal Ravassard
- UMR 5292 CNRS/U1028 INSERM, Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon (CRNL), Team “Physiopathologie des réseaux neuronaux responsables du cycle veille-sommeil,” Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Faculté de Médecine RTH Laennec, 7 Rue Guillaume Paradin, 69372 Lyon Cedex 08, France
| | - Denise Salvert
- UMR 5292 CNRS/U1028 INSERM, Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon (CRNL), Team “Physiopathologie des réseaux neuronaux responsables du cycle veille-sommeil,” Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Faculté de Médecine RTH Laennec, 7 Rue Guillaume Paradin, 69372 Lyon Cedex 08, France
| | - Christelle Peyron
- UMR 5292 CNRS/U1028 INSERM, Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon (CRNL), Team “Physiopathologie des réseaux neuronaux responsables du cycle veille-sommeil,” Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Faculté de Médecine RTH Laennec, 7 Rue Guillaume Paradin, 69372 Lyon Cedex 08, France
| | - Bruno Claustrat
- Service de Radioanalyse, Centre de Médecine nucléaire, 59 Boulevard Pinel, 69677 Bron Cedex, France
| | - Lucienne Léger
- UMR 5292 CNRS/U1028 INSERM, Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon (CRNL), Team “Physiopathologie des réseaux neuronaux responsables du cycle veille-sommeil,” Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Faculté de Médecine RTH Laennec, 7 Rue Guillaume Paradin, 69372 Lyon Cedex 08, France
| | - Paul Salin
- UMR 5292 CNRS/U1028 INSERM, Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon (CRNL), Team “Physiopathologie des réseaux neuronaux responsables du cycle veille-sommeil,” Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Faculté de Médecine RTH Laennec, 7 Rue Guillaume Paradin, 69372 Lyon Cedex 08, France
| | - Gael Malleret
- UMR 5292 CNRS/U1028 INSERM, Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon (CRNL), Team “Physiopathologie des réseaux neuronaux responsables du cycle veille-sommeil,” Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Faculté de Médecine RTH Laennec, 7 Rue Guillaume Paradin, 69372 Lyon Cedex 08, France
| | - Patrice Fort
- UMR 5292 CNRS/U1028 INSERM, Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon (CRNL), Team “Physiopathologie des réseaux neuronaux responsables du cycle veille-sommeil,” Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Faculté de Médecine RTH Laennec, 7 Rue Guillaume Paradin, 69372 Lyon Cedex 08, France
| | - Pierre-Hervé Luppi
- UMR 5292 CNRS/U1028 INSERM, Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon (CRNL), Team “Physiopathologie des réseaux neuronaux responsables du cycle veille-sommeil,” Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Faculté de Médecine RTH Laennec, 7 Rue Guillaume Paradin, 69372 Lyon Cedex 08, France
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Mayer G, Bitterlich M, Kuwert T, Ritt P, Stefan H. Ictal SPECT in patients with rapid eye movement sleep behaviour disorder. Brain 2015; 138:1263-70. [PMID: 25732183 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awv042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2014] [Accepted: 12/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Rapid eye movement sleep behaviour disorder is a rapid eye movement parasomnia clinically characterized by acting out dreams due to disinhibition of muscle tone in rapid eye movement sleep. Up to 80-90% of the patients with rapid eye movement sleep behaviour disorder develop neurodegenerative disorders within 10-15 years after symptom onset. The disorder is reported in 45-60% of all narcoleptic patients. Whether rapid eye movement sleep behaviour disorder is also a predictor for neurodegeneration in narcolepsy is not known. Although the pathophysiology causing the disinhibition of muscle tone in rapid eye movement sleep behaviour disorder has been studied extensively in animals, little is known about the mechanisms in humans. Most of the human data are from imaging or post-mortem studies. Recent studies show altered functional connectivity between substantia nigra and striatum in patients with rapid eye movement sleep behaviour disorder. We were interested to study which regions are activated in rapid eye movement sleep behaviour disorder during actual episodes by performing ictal single photon emission tomography. We studied one patient with idiopathic rapid eye movement sleep behaviour disorder, one with Parkinson's disease and rapid eye movement sleep behaviour disorder, and two patients with narcolepsy and rapid eye movement sleep behaviour disorder. All patients underwent extended video polysomnography. The tracer was injected after at least 10 s of consecutive rapid eye movement sleep and 10 s of disinhibited muscle tone accompanied by movements registered by an experienced sleep technician. Ictal single photon emission tomography displayed the same activation in the bilateral premotor areas, the interhemispheric cleft, the periaqueductal area, the dorsal and ventral pons and the anterior lobe of the cerebellum in all patients. Our study shows that in patients with Parkinson's disease and rapid eye movement sleep behaviour disorder-in contrast to wakefulness-the neural activity generating movement during episodes of rapid eye movement sleep behaviour disorder bypasses the basal ganglia, a mechanism that is shared by patients with idiopathic rapid eye movement sleep behaviour disorder and narcolepsy patients with rapid eye movement sleep behaviour disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geert Mayer
- 1 Hephata Klinik, Department of Neurology, Schimmelpfengstr.6, 34613 Schwalmstadt-Treysa, Germany 2 Philipps University Marburg, Department of Neurology, Baldingerstrasse, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Marion Bitterlich
- 1 Hephata Klinik, Department of Neurology, Schimmelpfengstr.6, 34613 Schwalmstadt-Treysa, Germany
| | - Torsten Kuwert
- 3 University of Erlangen, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ulmenweg 18, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Philipp Ritt
- 3 University of Erlangen, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ulmenweg 18, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Hermann Stefan
- 4 University of Erlangen, Department of Neurology, Schwabachanlage 6, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
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Ravassard P, Hamieh AM, Joseph MA, Fraize N, Libourel PA, Lebarillier L, Arthaud S, Meissirel C, Touret M, Malleret G, Salin PA. REM Sleep-Dependent Bidirectional Regulation of Hippocampal-Based Emotional Memory and LTP. Cereb Cortex 2015; 26:1488-1500. [DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhu310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Wang YQ, Li R, Zhang MQ, Zhang Z, Qu WM, Huang ZL. The Neurobiological Mechanisms and Treatments of REM Sleep Disturbances in Depression. Curr Neuropharmacol 2015; 13:543-53. [PMID: 26412074 PMCID: PMC4790401 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x13666150310002540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2014] [Revised: 01/11/2015] [Accepted: 01/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Most depressed patients suffer from sleep abnormalities, which are one of the critical symptoms of depression. They are robust risk factors for the initiation and development of depression. Studies about sleep electroencephalograms have shown characteristic changes in depression such as reductions in non-rapid eye movement sleep production, disruptions of sleep continuity and disinhibition of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. REM sleep alterations include a decrease in REM sleep latency, an increase in REM sleep duration and REM sleep density with respect to depressive episodes. Emotional brain processing dependent on the normal sleep-wake regulation seems to be failed in depression, which also promotes the development of clinical depression. Also, REM sleep alterations have been considered as biomarkers of depression. The disturbances of norepinephrine and serotonin systems may contribute to REM sleep abnormalities in depression. Lastly, this review also discusses the effects of different antidepressants on REM sleep disturbances in depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Qun Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bioactive Small Molecules, and State
Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences
| | - Rui Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bioactive Small Molecules, and State
Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences
| | - Meng-Qi Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bioactive Small Molecules, and State
Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences
| | - Ze Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bioactive Small Molecules, and State
Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences
- Institutes of Brain
Science and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai,
China
| | - Wei-Min Qu
- Department of Pharmacology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bioactive Small Molecules, and State
Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences
- Institutes of Brain
Science and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai,
China
| | - Zhi-Li Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bioactive Small Molecules, and State
Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences
- Institutes of Brain
Science and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai,
China
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Dergacheva O. Chronic intermittent hypoxia alters neurotransmission from lateral paragigantocellular nucleus to parasympathetic cardiac neurons in the brain stem. J Neurophysiol 2014; 113:380-9. [PMID: 25318765 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00302.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with sleep-related disorders, including obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), have an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases. OSA events are more severe in rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. REM sleep further increases the risk of adverse cardiovascular events by diminishing cardioprotective parasympathetic activity. The mechanisms underlying REM sleep-related reduction in parasympathetic activity likely include activation of inhibitory input to cardiac vagal neurons (CVNs) in the brain stem originating from the lateral paragigantocellular nucleus (LPGi), a nucleus that plays a role in REM sleep control. This study tests the hypothesis that chronic intermittent hypoxia and hypercapnia (CIHH), an animal model of OSA, inhibits CVNs because of exaggeration of the GABAergic pathway from the LPGi to CVNs. GABAergic neurotransmission to CVNs evoked by electrical stimulation of the LPGi was examined with whole cell patch-clamp recordings in an in vitro brain slice preparation in rats exposed to CIHH and control rats. GABAergic synaptic events were enhanced after 4-wk CIHH in both male and female rats, to a greater degree in males. Acute hypoxia and hypercapnia (H/H) reversibly diminished the LPGi-evoked GABAergic neurotransmission to CVNs. However, GABAergic synaptic events were enhanced after acute H/H in CIHH male animals. Orexin-A elicited a reversible inhibition of LPGi-evoked GABAergic currents in control animals but evoked no significant changes in CIHH male rats. In conclusion, exaggerated inhibitory neurotransmission from the LPGi to CVNs in CIHH animals would reduce cardioprotective parasympathetic activity and enhance the risk of adverse cardiovascular events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Dergacheva
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, The George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia
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Clément O, Valencia Garcia S, Libourel PA, Arthaud S, Fort P, Luppi PH. The inhibition of the dorsal paragigantocellular reticular nucleus induces waking and the activation of all adrenergic and noradrenergic neurons: a combined pharmacological and functional neuroanatomical study. PLoS One 2014; 9:e96851. [PMID: 24811249 PMCID: PMC4014589 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0096851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2013] [Accepted: 04/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
GABAergic neurons specifically active during paradoxical sleep (PS) localized in the dorsal paragigantocellular reticular nucleus (DPGi) are known to be responsible for the cessation of activity of the noradrenergic neurons of the locus coeruleus during PS. In the present study, we therefore sought to determine the role of the DPGi in PS onset and maintenance and in the inhibition of the LC noradrenergic neurons during this state. The effect of the inactivation of DPGi neurons on the sleep-waking cycle was examined in rats by microinjection of muscimol, a GABAA agonist, or clonidine, an alpha-2 adrenergic receptor agonist. Combining immunostaining of the different populations of wake-inducing neurons with that of c-FOS, we then determined whether muscimol inhibition of the DPGi specifically induces the activation of the noradrenergic neurons of the LC. Slow wave sleep and PS were abolished during 3 and 5 h after muscimol injection in the DPGi, respectively. The application of clonidine in the DPGi specifically induced a significant decrease in PS quantities and delayed PS appearance compared to NaCl. We further surprisingly found out that more than 75% of the noradrenergic and adrenergic neurons of all adrenergic and noradrenergic cell groups are activated after muscimol treatment in contrast to the other wake active systems significantly less activated. These results suggest that, in addition to its already know inhibition of LC noradrenergic neurons during PS, the DPGi might inhibit the activity of noradrenergic and adrenergic neurons from all groups during PS, but also to a minor extent during SWS and waking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Clément
- INSERM, U1028; CNRS, UMR5292; Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Team SLEEP, Lyon, France
- University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Sara Valencia Garcia
- INSERM, U1028; CNRS, UMR5292; Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Team SLEEP, Lyon, France
- University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Paul-Antoine Libourel
- INSERM, U1028; CNRS, UMR5292; Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Team SLEEP, Lyon, France
- University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Sébastien Arthaud
- INSERM, U1028; CNRS, UMR5292; Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Team SLEEP, Lyon, France
- University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Patrice Fort
- INSERM, U1028; CNRS, UMR5292; Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Team SLEEP, Lyon, France
- University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Pierre-Hervé Luppi
- INSERM, U1028; CNRS, UMR5292; Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Team SLEEP, Lyon, France
- University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
- * E-mail:
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Dergacheva O, Weigand LA, Dyavanapalli J, Mares J, Wang X, Mendelowitz D. Function and modulation of premotor brainstem parasympathetic cardiac neurons that control heart rate by hypoxia-, sleep-, and sleep-related diseases including obstructive sleep apnea. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2014; 212:39-58. [PMID: 25194192 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-63488-7.00003-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Parasympathetic cardiac vagal neurons (CVNs) in the brainstem dominate the control of heart rate. Previous work has determined that these neurons are inherently silent, and their activity is largely determined by synaptic inputs to CVNs that include four major types of synapses that release glutamate, GABA, glycine, or serotonin. Whereas prior reviews have focused on glutamatergic, GABAergic and glycinergic pathways, and the receptors in CVNs activated by these neurotransmitters, this review focuses on the alterations in CVN activity with hypoxia-, sleep-, and sleep-related cardiovascular diseases including obstructive sleep apnea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Dergacheva
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, School of Medicine, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Letitia A Weigand
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, School of Medicine, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Jhansi Dyavanapalli
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, School of Medicine, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Jacquelyn Mares
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, School of Medicine, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, School of Medicine, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - David Mendelowitz
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, School of Medicine, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA.
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Dimitrov EL, Yanagawa Y, Usdin TB. Forebrain GABAergic projections to locus coeruleus in mouse. J Comp Neurol 2013; 521:2373-97. [PMID: 23296594 DOI: 10.1002/cne.23291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2012] [Revised: 10/30/2012] [Accepted: 12/27/2012] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The noradrenergic locus coeruleus (LC) regulates arousal, memory, sympathetic nervous system activity, and pain. Forebrain projections to LC have been characterized in rat, cat, and primates, but not systematically in mouse. We surveyed mouse forebrain LC-projecting neurons by examining retrogradely labeled cells following LC iontophoresis of Fluoro-Gold and anterograde LC labeling after forebrain injection of biotinylated dextran amine or viral tracer. Similar to other species, the central amygdalar nucleus (CAmy), anterior hypothalamus, paraventricular nucleus, and posterior lateral hypothalamic area (PLH) provide major LC inputs. By using mice expressing green fluorescent protein in γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic neurons, we found that more than one-third of LC-projecting CAmy and PLH neurons are GABAergic. LC colocalization of biotinylated dextran amine, following CAmy or PLH injection, with either green fluorescent protein or glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD)65/67 immunoreactivity confirmed these GABAergic projections. CAmy injection of adeno-associated virus encoding channelrhodopsin-2-Venus showed similar fiber labeling and association with GAD65/67-immunoreactive (ir) and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-ir neurons. CAmy and PLH projections were densest in a pericoerulear zone, but many fibers entered the LC proper. Close apposition between CAmy GABAergic projections and TH-ir processes suggests that CAmy GABAergic neurons may directly inhibit noradrenergic principal neurons. Direct LC neuron targeting was confirmed by anterograde transneuronal labeling of LC TH-ir neurons following CAmy or PLH injection of a herpes virus that expresses red fluorescent protein following activation by Cre recombinase in mice that express Cre recombinase in GABAergic neurons. This description of GABAergic projections from the CAmy and PLH to the LC clarifies important forebrain sources of inhibitory control of central nervous system noradrenergic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugene L Dimitrov
- Section on Fundamental Neuroscience, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
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Luppi PH, Clément O, Fort P. Paradoxical (REM) sleep genesis by the brainstem is under hypothalamic control. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2013; 23:786-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2013.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2013] [Revised: 02/11/2013] [Accepted: 02/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Jego S, Glasgow SD, Herrera CG, Ekstrand M, Reed SJ, Boyce R, Friedman J, Burdakov D, Adamantidis AR. Optogenetic identification of a rapid eye movement sleep modulatory circuit in the hypothalamus. Nat Neurosci 2013; 16:1637-43. [PMID: 24056699 PMCID: PMC4974078 DOI: 10.1038/nn.3522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 283] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2013] [Accepted: 08/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Rapid-Eye Movement (REM) sleep correlates with neuronal activity in the brainstem, basal forebrain and lateral hypothalamus (LH). LH melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH)-expressing neurons are active during sleep, however, their action on REM sleep remains unclear. Using optogenetic tools in newly-generated Tg(Pmch-Cre) mice, we found that acute activation of MCH neurons (ChETA, SSFO) at the onset of REM sleep extended the duration of REM, but not non-REM sleep episode. In contrast, their acute silencing (eNpHR3.0, ArchT) reduced the frequency and amplitude of hippocampal theta rhythm, without affecting REM sleep duration. In vitro activation of MCH neuron terminals induced GABAA-mediated inhibitory post-synaptic currents (IPSCs) in wake-promoting histaminergic neurons of the tuberomammillary nucleus (TMN), while in vivo activation of MCH neuron terminals in TMN or medial septum also prolonged REM sleep episodes. Collectively, these results suggest that activation of MCH neurons maintains REM sleep, possibly through inhibition of arousal circuits in the mammalian brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Jego
- Douglas Institute, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
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Chronic alterations in monoaminergic cells in the locus coeruleus in orexin neuron-ablated narcoleptic mice. PLoS One 2013; 8:e70012. [PMID: 23922890 PMCID: PMC3726545 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0070012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2013] [Accepted: 06/13/2013] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Narcolepsy patients often suffer from insomnia in addition to excessive daytime sleepiness. Narcoleptic animals also show behavioral instability characterized by frequent transitions between all vigilance states, exhibiting very short bouts of NREM sleep as well as wakefulness. The instability of wakefulness states in narcolepsy is thought to be due to deficiency of orexins, neuropeptides produced in the lateral hypothalamic neurons, which play a highly important role in maintaining wakefulness. However, the mechanism responsible for sleep instability in this disorder remains to be elucidated. Because firing of orexin neurons ceases during sleep in healthy animals, deficiency of orexins does not explain the abnormality of sleep. We hypothesized that chronic compensatory changes in the neurophysiologica activity of the locus coeruleus (LC) and dorsal raphe (DR) nucleus in response to the progressive loss of endogenous orexin tone underlie the pathological regulation of sleep/wake states. To evaluate this hypothesis, we examined firing patterns of serotonergic (5-HT) neurons and noradrenergic (NA) neurons in the brain stem, two important neuronal populations in the regulation of sleep/wakefulness states. We recorded single-unit activities of 5-HT neurons and NA neurons in the DR nucleus and LC of orexin neuron-ablated narcoleptic mice. We found that while the firing pattern of 5-HT neurons in narcoleptic mice was similar to that in wildtype mice, that of NA neurons was significantly different from that in wildtype mice. In narcoleptic mice, NA neurons showed a higher firing frequency during both wakefulness and NREM sleep as compared with wildtype mice. In vitro patch-clamp study of NA neurons of narcoleptic mice suggested a functional decrease of GABAergic input to these neurons. These alterations might play roles in the sleep abnormality in narcolepsy.
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Stettner GM, Lei Y, Benincasa Herr K, Kubin L. Evidence that adrenergic ventrolateral medullary cells are activated whereas precerebellar lateral reticular nucleus neurons are suppressed during REM sleep. PLoS One 2013; 8:e62410. [PMID: 23630631 PMCID: PMC3632524 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0062410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2013] [Accepted: 03/21/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Rapid eye movement sleep (REMS) is generated in the brainstem by a distributed network of neurochemically distinct neurons. In the pons, the main subtypes are cholinergic and glutamatergic REMS-on cells and aminergic REMS-off cells. Pontine REMS-on cells send axons to the ventrolateral medulla (VLM), but little is known about REMS-related activity of VLM cells. In urethane-anesthetized rats, dorsomedial pontine injections of carbachol trigger REMS-like episodes that include cortical and hippocampal activation and suppression of motoneuronal activity; the episodes last 4–8 min and can be elicited repeatedly. We used this model to determine whether VLM catecholaminergic cells are silenced during REMS, as is typical of most aminergic neurons studied to date, and to investigate other REMS-related cells in this region. In 18 anesthetized, paralyzed and artificially ventilated rats, we obtained extracellular recordings from VLM cells when REMS-like episodes were elicited by pontine carbachol injections (10 mM, 10 nl). One major group were the cells that were activated during the episodes (n = 10). Their baseline firing rate of 3.7±2.1 (SD) Hz increased to 9.7±2.1 Hz. Most were found in the adrenergic C1 region and at sites located less than 50 µm from dopamine β-hydroxylase-positive (DBH+) neurons. Another major group were the silenced or suppressed cells (n = 35). Most were localized in the lateral reticular nucleus (LRN) and distantly from any DBH+ cells. Their baseline firing rates were 6.8±4.4 Hz and 15.8±7.1 Hz, respectively, with the activity of the latter reduced to 7.4±3.8 Hz. We conclude that, in contrast to the pontine noradrenergic cells that are silenced during REMS, medullary adrenergic C1 neurons, many of which drive the sympathetic output, are activated. Our data also show that afferent input transmitted to the cerebellum through the LRN is attenuated during REMS. This may distort the spatial representation of body position during REMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georg M. Stettner
- Department of Animal Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Yanlin Lei
- Department of Animal Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Kate Benincasa Herr
- Department of Animal Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Leszek Kubin
- Department of Animal Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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