1
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Berthoud HR, Münzberg H, Morrison CD, Neuhuber WL. Hepatic interoception in health and disease. Auton Neurosci 2024; 253:103174. [PMID: 38579493 PMCID: PMC11129274 DOI: 10.1016/j.autneu.2024.103174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
The liver is a large organ with crucial functions in metabolism and immune defense, as well as blood homeostasis and detoxification, and it is clearly in bidirectional communication with the brain and rest of the body via both neural and humoral pathways. A host of neural sensory mechanisms have been proposed, but in contrast to the gut-brain axis, details for both the exact site and molecular signaling steps of their peripheral transduction mechanisms are generally lacking. Similarly, knowledge about function-specific sensory and motor components of both vagal and spinal access pathways to the hepatic parenchyma is missing. Lack of progress largely owes to controversies regarding selectivity of vagal access pathways and extent of hepatocyte innervation. In contrast, there is considerable evidence for glucose sensors in the wall of the hepatic portal vein and their importance for glucose handling by the liver and the brain and the systemic response to hypoglycemia. As liver diseases are on the rise globally, and there are intriguing associations between liver diseases and mental illnesses, it will be important to further dissect and identify both neural and humoral pathways that mediate hepatocyte-specific signals to relevant brain areas. The question of whether and how sensations from the liver contribute to interoceptive self-awareness has not yet been explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans-Rudolf Berthoud
- Neurobiology of Nutrition & Metabolism Department, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA.
| | - Heike Münzberg
- Neurobiology of Nutrition & Metabolism Department, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Christopher D Morrison
- Neurobiology of Nutrition & Metabolism Department, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Winfried L Neuhuber
- Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Friedrich-Alexander University, Erlangen, Germany.
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2
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Heinle JW, Dalessio S, Janicki P, Ouyang A, Vrana KE, Ruiz-Velasco V, Coates MD. Insights into the voltage-gated sodium channel, Na V1.8, and its role in visceral pain perception. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1398409. [PMID: 38855747 PMCID: PMC11158627 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1398409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Pain is a major issue in healthcare throughout the world. It remains one of the major clinical issues of our time because it is a common sequela of numerous conditions, has a tremendous impact on individual quality of life, and is one of the top drivers of cost in medicine, due to its influence on healthcare expenditures and lost productivity in those affected by it. Patients and healthcare providers remain desperate to find new, safer and more effective analgesics. Growing evidence indicates that the voltage-gated sodium channel Nav1.8 plays a critical role in transmission of pain-related signals throughout the body. For that reason, this channel appears to have strong potential to help develop novel, more selective, safer, and efficacious analgesics. However, many questions related to the physiology, function, and clinical utility of Nav1.8 remain to be answered. In this article, we discuss the latest studies evaluating the role of Nav1.8 in pain, with a particular focus on visceral pain, as well as the steps taken thus far to evaluate its potential as an analgesic target. We also review the limitations of currently available studies related to this topic, and describe the next scientific steps that have already been undertaken, or that will need to be pursued, to fully unlock the capabilities of this potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Westley Heinle
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - Shannon Dalessio
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - Piotr Janicki
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - Ann Ouyang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - Kent E. Vrana
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - Victor Ruiz-Velasco
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - Matthew D. Coates
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States
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3
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Kim HS, Lee D, Shen S. Endoplasmic reticular stress as an emerging therapeutic target for chronic pain: a narrative review. Br J Anaesth 2024; 132:707-724. [PMID: 38378384 PMCID: PMC10925894 DOI: 10.1016/j.bja.2024.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic pain is a severely debilitating condition with enormous socioeconomic costs. Current treatment regimens with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), steroids, or opioids have been largely unsatisfactory with uncertain benefits or severe long-term side effects. This is mainly because chronic pain has a multifactorial aetiology. Although conventional pain medications can alleviate pain by keeping several dysfunctional pathways under control, they can mask other underlying pathological causes, ultimately worsening nerve pathologies and pain outcome. Recent preclinical studies have shown that endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress could be a central hub for triggering multiple molecular cascades involved in the development of chronic pain. Several ER stress inhibitors and unfolded protein response modulators, which have been tested in randomised clinical trials or apprpoved by the US Food and Drug Administration for other chronic diseases, significantly alleviated hyperalgesia in multiple preclinical pain models. Although the role of ER stress in neurodegenerative disorders, metabolic disorders, and cancer has been well established, research on ER stress and chronic pain is still in its infancy. Here, we critically analyse preclinical studies and explore how ER stress can mechanistically act as a central node to drive development and progression of chronic pain. We also discuss therapeutic prospects, benefits, and pitfalls of using ER stress inhibitors and unfolded protein response modulators for managing intractable chronic pain. In the future, targeting ER stress to impact multiple molecular networks might be an attractive therapeutic strategy against chronic pain refractory to steroids, NSAIDs, or opioids. This novel therapeutic strategy could provide solutions for the opioid crisis and public health challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harper S Kim
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Donghwan Lee
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shiqian Shen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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4
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Alonso AM, Cork SC, Phuah P, Hansen B, Norton M, Cheng S, Xu X, Suba K, Ma Y, Dowsett GK, Tadross JA, Lam BY, Yeo GS, Herzog H, Bloom SR, Arnold M, Distaso W, Murphy KG, Salem V. The vagus nerve mediates the physiological but not pharmacological effects of PYY 3-36 on food intake. Mol Metab 2024; 81:101895. [PMID: 38340808 PMCID: PMC10877939 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2024.101895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Peptide YY (PYY3-36) is a post-prandially released gut hormone with potent appetite-reducing activity, the mechanism of action of which is not fully understood. Unravelling how this system physiologically regulates food intake may help unlock its therapeutic potential, whilst minimising unwanted effects. Here we demonstrate that germline and post-natal targeted knockdown of the PYY3-36 preferring receptor (neuropeptide Y (NPY) Y2 receptor (Y2R)) in the afferent vagus nerve is required for the appetite inhibitory effects of physiologically-released PYY3-36, but not peripherally administered pharmacological doses. Post-natal knockdown of the Y2R results in a transient body weight phenotype that is not evident in the germline model. Loss of vagal Y2R signalling also results in altered meal patterning associated with accelerated gastric emptying. These results are important for the design of PYY-based anti-obesity agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aldara Martin Alonso
- Section of Investigative Medicine and Endocrinology, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Simon C Cork
- Section of Investigative Medicine and Endocrinology, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; School of Medicine, Faculty of Health, Education, Medicine & Social Care, Anglia Ruskin University, Chelmsford, CM1 1SQ, United Kingdom
| | - Phyllis Phuah
- Section of Investigative Medicine and Endocrinology, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Benjamin Hansen
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mariana Norton
- Section of Investigative Medicine and Endocrinology, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sijing Cheng
- Section of Investigative Medicine and Endocrinology, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Xiang Xu
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kinga Suba
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Yue Ma
- Section of Investigative Medicine and Endocrinology, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Georgina Kc Dowsett
- Medical Research Council Metabolic Diseases Unit, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - John A Tadross
- Medical Research Council Metabolic Diseases Unit, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Brian Yh Lam
- Medical Research Council Metabolic Diseases Unit, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Giles Sh Yeo
- Medical Research Council Metabolic Diseases Unit, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Herbert Herzog
- Neuroscience Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Australia
| | - Stephen R Bloom
- Section of Investigative Medicine and Endocrinology, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Myrtha Arnold
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - Walter Distaso
- Imperial College Business School, Imperial College London, United Kingdom
| | - Kevin G Murphy
- Section of Investigative Medicine and Endocrinology, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Victoria Salem
- Section of Investigative Medicine and Endocrinology, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.
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5
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Bullich-Vilarrubias C, Romaní-Pérez M, López-Almela I, Rubio T, García CJ, Tomás-Barberán FA, Sanz Y. Nav1.8-expressing neurons control daily oscillations of food intake, body weight and gut microbiota in mice. Commun Biol 2024; 7:219. [PMID: 38388698 PMCID: PMC10883928 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-05905-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Recent evidence suggests a role of sensory neurons expressing the sodium channel Nav1.8 on the energy homeostasis control. Using a murine diphtheria toxin ablation strategy and ad libitum and time-restricted feeding regimens of control or high-fat high-sugar diets, here we further explore the function of these neurons on food intake and on the regulation of gastrointestinal elements transmitting immune and nutrient sensing.The Nav1.8+ neuron ablation increases food intake in ad libitum and time-restricted feeding, and exacerbates daily body weight variations. Mice lacking Nav1.8+ neurons show impaired prandial regulation of gut hormone secretion and gut microbiota composition, and altered intestinal immunity.Our study demonstrates that Nav1.8+ neurons are required to control food intake and daily body weight changes, as well as to maintain physiological enteroendocrine and immune responses and the rhythmicity of the gut microbiota, which highlights the potential of Nav1.8+ neurons to restore energy balance in metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Bullich-Vilarrubias
- Microbiome, Nutrition and Health Unit, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology, National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), Valencia, Spain
| | - Marina Romaní-Pérez
- Microbiome, Nutrition and Health Unit, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology, National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), Valencia, Spain.
| | - Inmaculada López-Almela
- Microbiome, Nutrition and Health Unit, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology, National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), Valencia, Spain
- Research Group Intracellular Pathogens: Biology and Infection, Department of Animal Production and Health, Veterinary Public Health and Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cardenal Herrera-CEU University, Valencia, Spain
| | - Teresa Rubio
- Microbiome, Nutrition and Health Unit, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology, National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), Valencia, Spain
| | - Carlos J García
- Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, CEBAS-CSIC, Murcia, Spain
| | | | - Yolanda Sanz
- Microbiome, Nutrition and Health Unit, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology, National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), Valencia, Spain
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6
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Romaní-Pérez M, Bullich-Vilarrubias C, López-Almela I, Sanz Y. The Ablation of Sensory Neurons Expressing the Nav1.8 Sodium Channel Improves Glucose Homeostasis and Amplifies the GLP-1 Signaling in Obese Female Mice. Mol Nutr Food Res 2024; 68:e2300474. [PMID: 38038153 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202300474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE Sensory neurons expressing the sodium channel Nav1.8 contain a repertoire of receptors for nutrient, hormonal, and inflammatory ligands. However, their function in key regulators of energy homeostasis control is not well understood and is completely unexplored in females. METHODS AND RESULTS Mice lacking neurons expressing the sodium channel Nav1.8 were generated using an ablation strategy based on cre recombinase-mediated expression of diphtheria toxin fragment A (DTA) (Nav1.8-cre/DTA mice) to investigate whether these neurons modulate body weight, food intake, gut hormone secretion, gastrointestinal transit, and glucose tolerance in response to nutrient challenges in a sex-dependent manner. Male Nav1.8-cre/DTA mice show resistance to gain weight in response to high-fat high-sugar diet (HFHSD), whereas females lacking Nav1.8+ neurons have improved oral glucose tolerance accompanied by higher insulin levels and attenuated glucagon secretion after an oral glucose load. Female Nav1.8-cre/DTA mice also show higher fasting and postprandial glucagon like peptide-1 (GLP-1) levels with an increased number of GLP-1-positive cells. Finally, ablation of Nav1.8-expressing neurons accelerates the gastrointestinal transit in female mice under HFHSD. CONCLUSION This data demonstrates sex-dependent differences in the Nav1.8-mediated regulation of energy metabolism, and provides new insights that may help in the design of sex-specific neuromodulation therapies for metabolic disorders induced by diets rich in fats and simple sugars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Romaní-Pérez
- Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology, Spanish National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), Valencia, Spain
| | - Clara Bullich-Vilarrubias
- Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology, Spanish National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), Valencia, Spain
| | - Inmaculada López-Almela
- Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology, Spanish National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), Valencia, Spain
| | - Yolanda Sanz
- Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology, Spanish National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), Valencia, Spain
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7
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Servin-Vences MR, Lam RM, Koolen A, Wang Y, Saade DN, Loud M, Kacmaz H, Frausto S, Zhang Y, Beyder A, Marshall KL, Bönnemann CG, Chesler AT, Patapoutian A. PIEZO2 in somatosensory neurons controls gastrointestinal transit. Cell 2023; 186:3386-3399.e15. [PMID: 37541196 PMCID: PMC10501318 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2023.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
The gastrointestinal tract is in a state of constant motion. These movements are tightly regulated by the presence of food and help digestion by mechanically breaking down and propelling gut content. Mechanical sensing in the gut is thought to be essential for regulating motility; however, the identity of the neuronal populations, the molecules involved, and the functional consequences of this sensation are unknown. Here, we show that humans lacking PIEZO2 exhibit impaired bowel sensation and motility. Piezo2 in mouse dorsal root, but not nodose ganglia is required to sense gut content, and this activity slows down food transit rates in the stomach, small intestine, and colon. Indeed, Piezo2 is directly required to detect colon distension in vivo. Our study unveils the mechanosensory mechanisms that regulate the transit of luminal contents throughout the gut, which is a critical process to ensure proper digestion, nutrient absorption, and waste removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Rocio Servin-Vences
- Department of Neuroscience, Dorris Neuroscience Center, Scripps Research, San Diego, CA, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
| | - Ruby M Lam
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA; NIH-Brown University Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Providence, RI, USA; National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Alize Koolen
- Department of Neuroscience, Dorris Neuroscience Center, Scripps Research, San Diego, CA, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Neuroscience, Dorris Neuroscience Center, Scripps Research, San Diego, CA, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
| | - Dimah N Saade
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Meaghan Loud
- Department of Neuroscience, Dorris Neuroscience Center, Scripps Research, San Diego, CA, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
| | - Halil Kacmaz
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Enteric Neuroscience Program (ENSP), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Suzanne Frausto
- Department of Neuroscience, Dorris Neuroscience Center, Scripps Research, San Diego, CA, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
| | - Yunxiao Zhang
- Department of Neuroscience, Dorris Neuroscience Center, Scripps Research, San Diego, CA, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
| | - Arthur Beyder
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Enteric Neuroscience Program (ENSP), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Kara L Marshall
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Carsten G Bönnemann
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Alexander T Chesler
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA; National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Ardem Patapoutian
- Department of Neuroscience, Dorris Neuroscience Center, Scripps Research, San Diego, CA, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, USA.
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8
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Cronin SJF, Tejada MA, Song R, Laval K, Cikes D, Ji M, Brai A, Stadlmann J, Novatchikova M, Perlot T, Ali OH, Botta L, Decker T, Lazovic J, Hagelkruys A, Enquist L, Rao S, Koyuncu OO, Penninger JM. Pseudorabies virus hijacks DDX3X, initiating an addictive "mad itch" and immune suppression, to facilitate viral spread. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.05.09.539956. [PMID: 37214906 PMCID: PMC10197578 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.09.539956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Infections with defined Herpesviruses, such as Pseudorabies virus (PRV) and Varicella zoster virus (VZV) can cause neuropathic itch, referred to as "mad itch" in multiple species. The underlying mechanisms involved in neuropathic "mad itch" are poorly understood. Here, we show that PRV infections hijack the RNA helicase DDX3X in sensory neurons to facilitate anterograde transport of the virus along axons. PRV induces re-localization of DDX3X from the cell body to the axons which ultimately leads to death of the infected sensory neurons. Inducible genetic ablation of Ddx3x in sensory neurons results in neuronal death and "mad itch" in mice. This neuropathic "mad itch" is propagated through activation of the opioid system making the animals "addicted to itch". Moreover, we show that PRV co-opts and diverts T cell development in the thymus via a sensory neuron-IL-6-hypothalamus-corticosterone stress pathway. Our data reveal how PRV, through regulation of DDX3X in sensory neurons, travels along axons and triggers neuropathic itch and immune deviations to initiate pathophysiological programs which facilitate its spread to enhance infectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shane J F Cronin
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology Austria (IMBA), Dr. Bohrgasse 3, A-1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Miguel A Tejada
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology Austria (IMBA), Dr. Bohrgasse 3, A-1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Ren Song
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
| | - Kathlyn Laval
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
- Department of Translational Physiology, Infectiology and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Domagoj Cikes
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology Austria (IMBA), Dr. Bohrgasse 3, A-1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Ming Ji
- Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Annalaura Brai
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, I-53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Johannes Stadlmann
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology Austria (IMBA), Dr. Bohrgasse 3, A-1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Maria Novatchikova
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology Austria (IMBA), Dr. Bohrgasse 3, A-1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Perlot
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology Austria (IMBA), Dr. Bohrgasse 3, A-1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Omar Hasan Ali
- Department of Medical Genetics, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- Institute of Immunobiology, Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen, Rorschacher Strasse 95, 9007 St. Gallen, Switzerland
- Department of Dermatology, University of Zurich, University Hospital Zurich, Rämistrasse 100, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lorenzo Botta
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, I-53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Thomas Decker
- Max F. Perutz Laboratories, Department of Microbiology, Immunobiology and Genetics, University of Vienna, Vienna Biocenter, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jelena Lazovic
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology Austria (IMBA), Dr. Bohrgasse 3, A-1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Astrid Hagelkruys
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology Austria (IMBA), Dr. Bohrgasse 3, A-1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Lynn Enquist
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
| | - Shuan Rao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Orkide O Koyuncu
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697-4025, USA
| | - Josef M Penninger
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology Austria (IMBA), Dr. Bohrgasse 3, A-1030 Vienna, Austria
- Department of Medical Genetics, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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9
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McCoy ME, Kamitakahara AK. Ontogeny and Trophic Factor Sensitivity of Gastrointestinal Projecting Vagal Sensory Cell Types. eNeuro 2023; 10:ENEURO.0511-22.2023. [PMID: 36973009 PMCID: PMC10124152 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0511-22.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Vagal sensory neurons (VSNs) located in the nodose ganglion provide information, such as stomach stretch or the presence of ingested nutrients, to the caudal medulla via specialized cell types expressing unique marker genes. Here, we leverage VSN marker genes identified in adult mice to determine when specialized vagal subtypes arise developmentally and the trophic factors that shape their growth. Experiments to screen for trophic factor sensitivity revealed that brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) robustly stimulate neurite outgrowth from VSNs in vitro Perinatally, BDNF was expressed by neurons of the nodose ganglion itself, while GDNF was expressed by intestinal smooth muscle cells. Thus, BDNF may support VSNs locally, whereas GDNF may act as a target-derived trophic factor supporting the growth of processes at distal innervation sites in the gut. Consistent with this, expression of the GDNF receptor was enriched in VSN cell types that project to the gastrointestinal tract. Last, the mapping of genetic markers in the nodose ganglion demonstrates that defined vagal cell types begin to emerge as early as embryonic day 13, even as VSNs continue to grow to reach gastrointestinal targets. Despite the early onset of expression for some marker genes, the expression patterns of many cell type markers appear immature in prenatal life and mature considerably by the end of the first postnatal week. Together, the data support location-specific roles for BDNF and GDNF in stimulating VSN growth, and a prolonged perinatal timeline for VSN maturation in male and female mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meaghan E McCoy
- The Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90027
| | - Anna K Kamitakahara
- The Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90027
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90033
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10
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Lenert ME, Burton MD. Sensory neuron LKB1 mediates ovarian and reproductive function. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.03.28.534533. [PMID: 37034663 PMCID: PMC10081243 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.28.534533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/20/2023]
Abstract
Treatments for reproductive disorders in women primarily consist of hormone replacement therapy, which can have negative health impacts. Bidirectional communication between sensory neurons and innervated organs is an emerging area of interest in tissue physiology with potential relevance for reproductive disorders. Indeed, the metabolic activity of sensory neurons can have profound effects on reproductive phenotypes. To investigate this phenomenon, we utilized a murine model with conditional deletion in sensory neurons of liver kinase B1 (LKB1), a serine/threonine kinase that regulates cellular metabolism. Female mice with this LKB1 deletion (Nav1.8cre;LKB1fl/fl) had significantly more pups per litter compared to wild-type females. Interestingly, the LKB1 genotype of male breeders had no effect on fertility outcomes, thus indicating a female-specific role of sensory neuron metabolism in fertility. LKB1 deletion in sensory neurons resulted in reduced ovarian innervation from dorsal root ganglia neurons and increased follicular turnover compared to littermate controls. In summary, LKB1 expression in peripheral sensory neurons plays an important role in modulating fertility of female mice via ovarian sensory innervation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa E Lenert
- Neuroimmunology and Behavior Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, Center for Advanced Pain Studies (CAPS), The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080
| | - Michael D Burton
- Neuroimmunology and Behavior Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, Center for Advanced Pain Studies (CAPS), The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080
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11
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Jayaprakash N, Song W, Toth V, Vardhan A, Levy T, Tomaio J, Qanud K, Mughrabi I, Chang YC, Rob M, Daytz A, Abbas A, Nassrallah Z, Volpe BT, Tracey KJ, Al-Abed Y, Datta-Chaudhuri T, Miller L, Barbe MF, Lee SC, Zanos TP, Zanos S. Organ- and function-specific anatomical organization of vagal fibers supports fascicular vagus nerve stimulation. Brain Stimul 2023; 16:484-506. [PMID: 36773779 DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2023.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Vagal fibers travel inside fascicles and form branches to innervate organs and regulate organ functions. Existing vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) therapies activate vagal fibers non-selectively, often resulting in reduced efficacy and side effects from non-targeted organs. The transverse and longitudinal arrangement of fibers inside the vagal trunk with respect to the functions they mediate and organs they innervate is unknown, however it is crucial for selective VNS. Using micro-computed tomography imaging, we tracked fascicular trajectories and found that, in swine, sensory and motor fascicles are spatially separated cephalad, close to the nodose ganglion, and merge caudad, towards the lower cervical and upper thoracic region; larynx-, heart- and lung-specific fascicles are separated caudad and progressively merge cephalad. Using quantified immunohistochemistry at single fiber level, we identified and characterized all vagal fibers and found that fibers of different morphological types are differentially distributed in fascicles: myelinated afferents and efferents occupy separate fascicles, myelinated and unmyelinated efferents also occupy separate fascicles, and small unmyelinated afferents are widely distributed within most fascicles. We developed a multi-contact cuff electrode to accommodate the fascicular structure of the vagal trunk and used it to deliver fascicle-selective cervical VNS in anesthetized and awake swine. Compound action potentials from distinct fiber types, and physiological responses from different organs, including laryngeal muscle, cough, breathing, and heart rate responses are elicited in a radially asymmetric manner, with consistent angular separations that agree with the documented fascicular organization. These results indicate that fibers in the trunk of the vagus nerve are anatomically organized according to functions they mediate and organs they innervate and can be asymmetrically activated by fascicular cervical VNS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Weiguo Song
- Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Viktor Toth
- Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | | | - Todd Levy
- Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | | | - Khaled Qanud
- Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | | | - Yao-Chuan Chang
- Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Moontahinaz Rob
- Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Anna Daytz
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, USA
| | - Adam Abbas
- Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Zeinab Nassrallah
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, USA
| | - Bruce T Volpe
- Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Kevin J Tracey
- Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Yousef Al-Abed
- Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | | | - Larry Miller
- Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | | | - Sunhee C Lee
- Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | | | - Stavros Zanos
- Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA; Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, USA; Elmezzi Graduate School of Molecular Medicine, Manhasset, NY, USA.
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12
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Brazill JM, Shin D, Magee K, Majumdar A, Shen IR, Cavalli V, Scheller EL. Knockout of TSC2 in Nav1.8+ neurons predisposes to the onset of normal weight obesity. Mol Metab 2023; 68:101664. [PMID: 36586433 PMCID: PMC9841058 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2022.101664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Obesity and nutrient oversupply increase mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling in multiple cell types and organs, contributing to the onset of insulin resistance and complications of metabolic disease. However, it remains unclear when and where mTOR activation mediates these effects, limiting options for therapeutic intervention. The objective of this study was to isolate the role of constitutive mTOR activation in Nav1.8-expressing peripheral neurons in the onset of diet-induced obesity, bone loss, and metabolic disease. METHODS In humans, loss of function mutations in tuberous sclerosis complex 2 (TSC2) lead to maximal constitutive activation of mTOR. To mirror this in mice, we bred Nav1.8-Cre with TSC2fl/fl animals to conditionally delete TSC2 in Nav1.8-expressing neurons. Male and female mice were studied from 4- to 34-weeks of age and a subset of animals were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for 24-weeks. Assays of metabolism, body composition, bone morphology, and behavior were performed. RESULTS By lineage tracing, Nav1.8-Cre targeted peripheral sensory neurons, a subpopulation of postganglionic sympathetics, and several regions of the brain. Conditional knockout of TSC2 in Nav1.8-expressing neurons (Nav1.8-TSC2KO) selectively upregulated neuronal mTORC1 signaling. Male, but not female, Nav1.8-TSC2KO mice had a 4-10% decrease in body size at baseline. When challenged with HFD, both male and female Nav1.8-TSC2KO mice resisted diet-induced gains in body mass. However, this did not protect against HFD-induced metabolic dysfunction and bone loss. In addition, despite not gaining weight, Nav1.8-TSC2KO mice fed HFD still developed high body fat, a unique phenotype previously referred to as 'normal weight obesity'. Nav1.8-TSC2KO mice also had signs of chronic itch, mild increases in anxiety-like behavior, and sex-specific alterations in HFD-induced fat distribution that led to enhanced visceral obesity in males and preferential deposition of subcutaneous fat in females. CONCLUSIONS Knockout of TSC2 in Nav1.8+ neurons increases itch- and anxiety-like behaviors and substantially modifies fat storage and metabolic responses to HFD. Though this prevents HFD-induced weight gain, it masks depot-specific fat expansion and persistent detrimental effects on metabolic health and peripheral organs such as bone, mimicking the 'normal weight obesity' phenotype that is of growing concern. This supports a mechanism by which increased neuronal mTOR signaling can predispose to altered adipose tissue distribution, adipose tissue expansion, impaired peripheral metabolism, and detrimental changes to skeletal health with HFD - despite resistance to weight gain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M Brazill
- Department of Medicine, Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Washington University, Saint Louis, MO, USA.
| | - David Shin
- Department of Medicine, Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Washington University, Saint Louis, MO, USA.
| | - Kristann Magee
- Department of Medicine, Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Washington University, Saint Louis, MO, USA.
| | - Anurag Majumdar
- Department of Medicine, Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Washington University, Saint Louis, MO, USA.
| | - Ivana R Shen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Washington University, Saint Louis, MO, USA.
| | - Valeria Cavalli
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University, Saint Louis, MO, USA; Center of Regenerative Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA; Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA.
| | - Erica L Scheller
- Department of Medicine, Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Washington University, Saint Louis, MO, USA; Center of Regenerative Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA; Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University, Saint Louis, MO, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University, Saint Louis, MO, USA.
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13
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Tenza-Ferrer H, Collodetti M, Nicolau EDS, Birbrair A, Magno LAV, Romano-Silva MA. Transiently Nav1.8-expressing neurons are capable of sensing noxious stimuli in the brain. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:933874. [PMID: 36106013 PMCID: PMC9464809 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.933874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
While current research highlights the role of Nav1. 8 sensory neurons from the peripheral nervous system, the anatomical and physiological characterization of encephalic Nav1.8 neurons remains unknown. Here, we use a Cre/fluorescent reporter mouse driven by the Nav1.8 gene promoter to reveal unexpected subpopulations of transiently-expressing Nav1.8 neurons within the limbic circuitry, a key mediator of the emotional component of pain. We observed that Nav1.8 neurons from the bed nuclei of the stria terminalis (BST), amygdala, and the periaqueductal gray (vPAG) are sensitive to noxious stimuli from an experimental model of chronic inflammatory pain. These findings identify a novel role for central Nav1.8 neurons in sensing nociception, which could be researched as a new approach to treating pain disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helia Tenza-Ferrer
- Centro de Tecnologia em Medicina Molecular, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Mélcar Collodetti
- Centro de Tecnologia em Medicina Molecular, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Eduardo de Souza Nicolau
- Centro de Tecnologia em Medicina Molecular, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Alexander Birbrair
- Departamento de Patologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- Department of Radiology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
- Alexander Birbrair
| | - Luiz Alexandre Viana Magno
- Centro de Tecnologia em Medicina Molecular, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
- Curso de Medicina, Universidade José do Rosário Vellano (UNIFENAS), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
- Pós-graduação da Faculdade Ciências Médicas de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Luiz Alexandre Viana Magno
| | - Marco Aurélio Romano-Silva
- Centro de Tecnologia em Medicina Molecular, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
- Departamento de Saúde Mental, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
- Marco Aurélio Romano-Silva
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14
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McCollum MM, Larmore M, Ishihara S, Ng LCT, Kimura LF, Guadarrama E, Ta MC, Vien TN, Frost GB, Scheidt KA, Miller RE, DeCaen PG. Targeting the tamoxifen receptor within sodium channels to block osteoarthritic pain. Cell Rep 2022; 40:111248. [PMID: 36001977 PMCID: PMC9523973 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Voltage-gated sodium channels (NaV) in nociceptive neurons initiate action potentials required for transmission of aberrant painful stimuli observed in osteoarthritis (OA). Targeting NaV subtypes with drugs to produce analgesic effects for OA pain management is a developing therapeutic area. Previously, we determined the receptor site for the tamoxifen analog N-desmethyltamoxifen (ND-Tam) within a prokaryotic NaV. Here, we report the pharmacology of ND-Tam against eukaryotic NaVs natively expressed in nociceptive neurons. ND-Tam and analogs occupy two conserved intracellular receptor sites in domains II and IV of NaV1.7 to block ion entry using a "bind and plug" mechanism. We find that ND-Tam inhibition of the sodium current is state dependent, conferring a potent frequency- and voltage-dependent block of hyperexcitable nociceptive neuron action potentials implicated in OA pain. When evaluated using a mouse OA pain model, ND-Tam has long-lasting efficacy, which supports the potential of repurposing ND-Tam analogs as NaV antagonists for OA pain management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan M McCollum
- Department of Pharmacology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Megan Larmore
- Department of Pharmacology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Shingo Ishihara
- Division of Rheumatology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Leo C T Ng
- Department of Pharmacology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Louise F Kimura
- Department of Pharmacology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Eduardo Guadarrama
- Department of Pharmacology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - My C Ta
- Department of Pharmacology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Thuy N Vien
- Department of Pharmacology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Grant B Frost
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Karl A Scheidt
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Rachel E Miller
- Division of Rheumatology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Paul G DeCaen
- Department of Pharmacology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
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15
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Hampton RF, Jimenez-Gonzalez M, Stanley SA. Unravelling innervation of pancreatic islets. Diabetologia 2022; 65:1069-1084. [PMID: 35348820 PMCID: PMC9205575 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-022-05691-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The central and peripheral nervous systems play critical roles in regulating pancreatic islet function and glucose metabolism. Over the last century, in vitro and in vivo studies along with examination of human pancreas samples have revealed the structure of islet innervation, investigated the contribution of sympathetic, parasympathetic and sensory neural pathways to glucose control, and begun to determine how the structure and function of pancreatic nerves are disrupted in metabolic disease. Now, state-of-the art techniques such as 3D imaging of pancreatic innervation and targeted in vivo neuromodulation provide further insights into the anatomy and physiological roles of islet innervation. Here, we provide a summary of the published work on the anatomy of pancreatic islet innervation, its roles, and evidence for disordered islet innervation in metabolic disease. Finally, we discuss the possibilities offered by new technologies to increase our knowledge of islet innervation and its contributions to metabolic regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rollie F Hampton
- Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Maria Jimenez-Gonzalez
- Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sarah A Stanley
- Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
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16
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Fox E, Lyte M. Variation in spatial organization of the gut microbiota along the longitudinal and transverse axes of the intestines. Arch Microbiol 2022; 204:424. [PMID: 35750957 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-022-02952-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Elucidation of the mechanisms by which the microbiota-gut-brain axis influences behavior requires understanding the anatomical relationship of bacteria with mucosal elements. We herein report that microbes were mainly associated with food or fecal matter in the intestinal lumen. In the small intestine, bacterial density increased from proximal-to-distal levels and was much higher in the large intestine. A mucus layer was present between the mucosal epithelium and fecal boluses in the large intestine, but not between food and the mucosal epithelium in the small intestine. In contrast, in all intestinal regions lacking food or fecal boluses, the lumen was small, or absent, and contained little or no bacteria or mucus. The association of bacteria with food was tested in the small intestine by examining the effect of fasting on it. Bacterial density was equivalent in the ileum of fasted and fed mice, but fasting greatly reduced the amount of food containing bacteria, suggesting the amount of bacteria was reduced. Critically, this study provides evidence that the vast majority of the microbiota in the intestines are associated with the food matrix thereby raising questions regarding how the gut microbiota can potentially signal the brain and influence behavior. Given their spatial location within the lumen, which keeps them at a great distance from neuronal elements in the mucosa, combined with immune and mucus barriers, microbiota more likely to influence behavior through secretion of bacterial products that can traverse the spatial difference to interact with gut neurons and not through direct physical association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward Fox
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Purdue University, 703 Third Street, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.
| | - Mark Lyte
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
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17
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Garner KM, Burton MD. The sex-specific role of sensory neuron LKB1 on metabolic stress-induced mechanical hypersensitivity and mitochondrial respiration. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2022; 323:R227-R243. [PMID: 35503781 PMCID: PMC9306793 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00279.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Pain disorders induce metabolic stress in peripheral sensory neurons by reducing mitochondrial output, shifting cellular metabolism, and altering energy use. These processes implicate neuronal metabolism as an avenue for creating novel therapeutics. Liver kinase B1 (LKB1) mediates the cellular response to metabolic stress by inducing the AMPK pathway. The LKB1-AMPK pathway increases energy producing processes, including mitochondrial output. These processes inhibit pain by directly or indirectly restoring energetic balance within a cell. Although the LKB1-AMPK pathway has been linked to pain relief, it is not yet known which cell is responsible for this property, as well any direct ties to cellular metabolism. To elucidate this, we developed a genetic mouse model where LKB1 is selectively removed from Nav1.8-pain sensory neurons and metabolically stressed them by fasting for 24 hours. We found females, but not males, had neuron-specific, LKB1-dependent restoration of metabolic stress-induced mitochondrial metabolism. This was reflected in mechanical hypersensitivity, where the absence of LKB1 led to hypersensitivity in female, but not male, animals. This discrepancy suggests a sex- and cell-specific contribution to LKB1-depdendent fasting-induced mechanical hypersensitivity. While our data represent a potential role for LKB1 in anti-pain pathways in a metabolic-specific manner, more must be done to investigate these sex differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Marie Garner
- Neuroimmunology and Behavior Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, Center for Advanced Pain Studies, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, United States
| | - Michael D Burton
- Neuroimmunology and Behavior Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, Center for Advanced Pain Studies, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, United States
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18
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Hyun U, Sohn JW. Autonomic control of energy balance and glucose homeostasis. Exp Mol Med 2022; 54:370-376. [PMID: 35474336 PMCID: PMC9076646 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-021-00705-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurons in the central nervous system (CNS) communicate with peripheral organs largely via the autonomic nervous system (ANS). Through such communications, the sympathetic and parasympathetic efferent divisions of the ANS may affect thermogenesis and blood glucose levels. In contrast, peripheral organs send feedback to the CNS via hormones and autonomic afferent nerves. These humoral and neural feedbacks, as well as neural commands from higher brain centers directly or indirectly shape the metabolic function of autonomic neurons. Notably, recent developments in mouse genetics have enabled more detailed studies of ANS neurons and circuits, which have helped elucidate autonomic control of metabolism. Here, we will summarize the functional organization of the ANS and discuss recent updates on the roles of neural and humoral factors in the regulation of energy balance and glucose homeostasis by the ANS. Cutting-edge techniques should be harnessed to unravel how metabolism is modulated by a key part of the body’s nervous system. The autonomic nervous system (ANS) regulates many involuntary physiological processes, such as heart rate, breathing, and blood pressure. Scientists now believe that the ANS is involved in regulating metabolism, but its precise roles are unclear. Jong-Woo Sohn and Uisu Hyun at the Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea, reviewed understanding of how the ANS regulates energy balance, appetite, and glucose homeostasis. Recently-developed mouse models have provided insights into how ANS neurons translate neuronal and hormonal signals into commands during feeding, sending instructions to the liver, and mediating blood glucose levels. Several hormones have been identified that may act on a specific part of the ANS to influence appetite and metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uisu Hyun
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, South Korea
| | - Jong-Woo Sohn
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, South Korea.
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19
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Spinal cord injury-mediated changes in electrophysiological properties of rat gastric nodose ganglion neurons. Exp Neurol 2022; 348:113927. [PMID: 34798136 PMCID: PMC8727501 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2021.113927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
In preclinical rodent models, spinal cord injury (SCI) manifests as gastric vagal afferent dysfunction both acutely and chronically. However, the mechanism that underlies this dysfunction remains unknown. In the current study, we examined the effect of SCI on gastric nodose ganglia (NG) neuron excitability and on voltage-gated Na+ (NaV) channels expression and function in rats after an acute (i.e. 3-days) and chronic (i.e. 3-weeks) period. Rats randomly received either T3-SCI or sham control surgery 3-days or 3-weeks prior to experimentation as well as injections of 3% DiI solution into the stomach to identify gastric NG neurons. Single cell qRT-PCR was performed on acutely dissociated DiI-labeled NG neurons to measure NaV1.7, NaV1.8 and NaV1.9 expression levels. The results indicate that all 3 channel subtypes decreased. Current- and voltage-clamp whole-cell patch-clamp recordings were performed on acutely dissociated DiI-labeled NG neurons to measure active and passive properties of C- and A-fibers as well as the biophysical characteristics of NaV1.8 channels in gastric NG neurons. Acute and chronic SCI did not demonstrate deleterious effects on either passive properties of dissociated gastric NG neurons or biophysical properties of NaV1.8. These findings suggest that although NaV gene expression levels change following SCI, NaV1.8 function is not altered. The disruption throughout the entirety of the vagal afferent neuron has yet to be investigated.
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20
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Bhullar FA, Faghih M, Akshintala VS, Ahmed AI, Lobner K, Afghani E, Phillips AE, Hart PA, Ramsey ML, Bick BL, Kuhlmann L, Drewes AM, Yadav D, Olesen SS, Singh VK. Prevalence of primary painless chronic pancreatitis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Pancreatology 2022; 22:20-29. [PMID: 34840065 PMCID: PMC8785146 DOI: 10.1016/j.pan.2021.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES While pain is the predominant symptom of chronic pancreatitis (CP), a subset of patients may experience a painless course. This systematic review aimed to determine the prevalence of primary painless CP. METHODS MEDLINE (PubMed), EMBASE and Web of Science Core Collection databases were searched for published studies through September 15, 2020 that included at least 10 consecutive patients with CP and which reported the number with painless CP. The presence of a history of recurrent acute pancreatitis (RAP), exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI), diabetes mellitus (DM) and pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PA) in the painless CP patients was also recorded. A random effects model was used to determine pooled prevalence estimates with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). RESULTS Among the 5057 studies identified and screened, 42 full-text articles were included in the final analysis. There were a total of 14,277 patients with CP among whom 1569 had painless CP. The pooled prevalence of painless CP was 12% (95% CI 10-15%). Among a subset of studies that reported on calcifications (n = 11), DM (n = 12), EPI (n = 8) and history of RAP (n = 14), the pooled prevalence estimates were 96% (95% CI 73-100%), 51% (95% CI 32-70%), and 47% (95% CI 15-81%), respectively. Alcohol, idiopathic/genetic and other etiologies were attributed to be the cause of painless CP in 32.4%, 56.9% and 8.9% patients, respectively. CONCLUSION Approximately one in ten patients with CP have primary painless disease with the majority being attributable to an idiopathic/genetic etiology. Further research is needed to determine the optimal management of these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Furqan A. Bhullar
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Mahya Faghih
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Venkata S. Akshintala
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ahmed I. Ahmed
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Katie Lobner
- William H. Welch Medical Library, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Elham Afghani
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA,Pancreatitis Center, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Anna E. Phillips
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Phil A. Hart
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Mitchell L. Ramsey
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Benjamin L. Bick
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Indiana University Medical Center, Indiana, USA
| | - Louise Kuhlmann
- Centre for Pancreatic Diseases and Mech-Sense, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark,Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Asbjørn M. Drewes
- Centre for Pancreatic Diseases and Mech-Sense, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark,Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Dhiraj Yadav
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Søren S. Olesen
- Centre for Pancreatic Diseases and Mech-Sense, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark,Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Vikesh K. Singh
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA,Pancreatitis Center, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA
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21
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Malfait F, Colman M, Vroman R, De Wandele I, Rombaut L, Miller RE, Malfait AM, Syx D. Pain in the Ehlers-Danlos syndromes: Mechanisms, models, and challenges. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS. PART C, SEMINARS IN MEDICAL GENETICS 2021; 187:429-445. [PMID: 34797601 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.c.31950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Chronic pain is one of the most common, yet poorly studied, complaints in people suffering from Ehlers-Danlos syndromes (EDS). This heterogeneous group of heritable connective tissue disorders is typically characterized by skin hyperextensibility, joint hypermobility, and generalized connective tissue fragility. Most EDS types are caused by genetic defects that affect connective tissue biosynthesis, thereby compromising collagen biosynthesis or fibrillogenesis and resulting in a disorganized extracellular matrix. Even though chronic pain is a major source of disability, functional impairment, and psychosocial suffering in EDS, currently used analgesics and other treatment strategies provide inadequate pain relief and thus represents an important unmet medical need. An important contributor to this is the lack of knowledge about the underlying mechanisms. In this narrative review, we summarize the current understanding of pain and the associated mechanisms in EDS based on clinical studies focusing on questionnaires and experimental pain testing as well as studies in animal models of EDS. In addition, we highlight the challenges, gaps, and opportunities in EDS-pain research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fransiska Malfait
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Marlies Colman
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Robin Vroman
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Inge De Wandele
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lies Rombaut
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Rachel E Miller
- Division of Rheumatology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Anne-Marie Malfait
- Division of Rheumatology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Delfien Syx
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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22
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Khan MS, Spann RA, Münzberg H, Yu S, Albaugh VL, He Y, Berthoud HR, Morrison CD. Protein Appetite at the Interface between Nutrient Sensing and Physiological Homeostasis. Nutrients 2021; 13:4103. [PMID: 34836357 PMCID: PMC8620426 DOI: 10.3390/nu13114103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Feeding behavior is guided by multiple competing physiological needs, as animals must sense their internal nutritional state and then identify and consume foods that meet nutritional needs. Dietary protein intake is necessary to provide essential amino acids and represents a specific, distinct nutritional need. Consistent with this importance, there is a relatively strong body of literature indicating that protein intake is defended, such that animals sense the restriction of protein and adaptively alter feeding behavior to increase protein intake. Here, we argue that this matching of food consumption with physiological need requires at least two concurrent mechanisms: the first being the detection of internal nutritional need (a protein need state) and the second being the discrimination between foods with differing nutritional compositions. In this review, we outline various mechanisms that could mediate the sensing of need state and the discrimination between protein-rich and protein-poor foods. Finally, we briefly describe how the interaction of these mechanisms might allow an animal to self-select between a complex array of foods to meet nutritional needs and adaptively respond to changes in either the external environment or internal physiological state.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Christopher D. Morrison
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA; (M.S.K.); (R.A.S.); (H.M.); (S.Y.); (V.L.A.); (Y.H.); (H.-R.B.)
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23
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Costa PAC, Silva WN, Prazeres PHDM, Picoli CC, Guardia GDA, Costa AC, Oliveira MA, Guimarães PPG, Gonçalves R, Pinto MCX, Amorim JH, Azevedo VAC, Resende RR, Russo RC, Cunha TM, Galante PAF, Mintz A, Birbrair A. Chemogenetic modulation of sensory neurons reveals their regulating role in melanoma progression. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2021; 9:183. [PMID: 34784974 PMCID: PMC8594104 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-021-01273-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Sensory neurons have recently emerged as components of the tumor microenvironment. Nevertheless, whether sensory neuronal activity is important for tumor progression remains unknown. Here we used Designer Receptors Exclusively Activated by a Designer Drug (DREADD) technology to inhibit or activate sensory neurons' firing within the melanoma tumor. Melanoma growth and angiogenesis were accelerated following inhibition of sensory neurons' activity and were reduced following overstimulation of these neurons. Sensory neuron-specific overactivation also induced a boost in the immune surveillance by increasing tumor-infiltrating anti-tumor lymphocytes, while reducing immune-suppressor cells. In humans, a retrospective in silico analysis of melanoma biopsies revealed that increased expression of sensory neurons-related genes within melanoma was associated with improved survival. These findings suggest that sensory innervations regulate melanoma progression, indicating that manipulation of sensory neurons' activity may provide a valuable tool to improve melanoma patients' outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro A. C. Costa
- grid.8430.f0000 0001 2181 4888Departamento de Patologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG Brasil
| | - Walison N. Silva
- grid.8430.f0000 0001 2181 4888Departamento de Patologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG Brasil
| | - Pedro H. D. M. Prazeres
- grid.8430.f0000 0001 2181 4888Departamento de Patologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG Brasil
| | - Caroline C. Picoli
- grid.8430.f0000 0001 2181 4888Departamento de Patologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG Brasil
| | - Gabriela D. A. Guardia
- grid.413471.40000 0000 9080 8521Centro de Oncologia Molecular, Hospital Sirio-Libanes, Sao Paulo, SP Brasil
| | - Alinne C. Costa
- grid.8430.f0000 0001 2181 4888Departamento de Patologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG Brasil
| | - Mariana A. Oliveira
- grid.8430.f0000 0001 2181 4888Departamento de Bioquimica e Imunologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG Brasil
| | - Pedro P. G. Guimarães
- grid.8430.f0000 0001 2181 4888Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG Brasil
| | - Ricardo Gonçalves
- grid.8430.f0000 0001 2181 4888Departamento de Patologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG Brasil
| | - Mauro C. X. Pinto
- grid.411195.90000 0001 2192 5801Departamento de Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO Brasil
| | - Jaime H. Amorim
- grid.472638.c0000 0004 4685 7608Centro das Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Oeste da Bahia, Barreiras, BA Brasil
| | - Vasco A. C. Azevedo
- grid.8430.f0000 0001 2181 4888Departamento de Genetica, Ecologia e Evolucao, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG Brasil
| | - Rodrigo R. Resende
- grid.8430.f0000 0001 2181 4888Departamento de Bioquimica e Imunologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG Brasil
| | - Remo C. Russo
- grid.8430.f0000 0001 2181 4888Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG Brasil
| | - Thiago M. Cunha
- grid.11899.380000 0004 1937 0722Departamento de Farmacologia, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP Brasil
| | - Pedro A. F. Galante
- grid.413471.40000 0000 9080 8521Centro de Oncologia Molecular, Hospital Sirio-Libanes, Sao Paulo, SP Brasil
| | - Akiva Mintz
- grid.239585.00000 0001 2285 2675Department of Radiology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY USA
| | - Alexander Birbrair
- Departamento de Patologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil. .,Department of Radiology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
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24
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Berthoud HR, Morrison CD, Ackroff K, Sclafani A. Learning of food preferences: mechanisms and implications for obesity & metabolic diseases. Int J Obes (Lond) 2021; 45:2156-2168. [PMID: 34230576 PMCID: PMC8455326 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-021-00894-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Omnivores, including rodents and humans, compose their diets from a wide variety of potential foods. Beyond the guidance of a few basic orosensory biases such as attraction to sweet and avoidance of bitter, they have limited innate dietary knowledge and must learn to prefer foods based on their flavors and postoral effects. This review focuses on postoral nutrient sensing and signaling as an essential part of the reward system that shapes preferences for the associated flavors of foods. We discuss the extensive array of sensors in the gastrointestinal system and the vagal pathways conveying information about ingested nutrients to the brain. Earlier studies of vagal contributions were limited by nonselective methods that could not easily distinguish the contributions of subsets of vagal afferents. Recent advances in technique have generated substantial new details on sugar- and fat-responsive signaling pathways. We explain methods for conditioning flavor preferences and their use in evaluating gut-brain communication. The SGLT1 intestinal sugar sensor is important in sugar conditioning; the critical sensors for fat are less certain, though GPR40 and 120 fatty acid sensors have been implicated. Ongoing work points to particular vagal pathways to brain reward areas. An implication for obesity treatment is that bariatric surgery may alter vagal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans-Rudolf Berthoud
- Neurobiology of Nutrition and Metabolism Department, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, LA, USA.
| | - Christopher D Morrison
- Neurobiology of Nutrition and Metabolism Department, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Karen Ackroff
- Psychology Department, Brooklyn College of the City University of New York, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Anthony Sclafani
- Psychology Department, Brooklyn College of the City University of New York, Brooklyn, NY, USA.
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25
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Heinrichs B, Liu B, Zhang J, Meents JE, Le K, Erickson A, Hautvast P, Zhu X, Li N, Liu Y, Spehr M, Habel U, Rothermel M, Namer B, Zhang X, Lampert A, Duan G. The Potential Effect of Na v 1.8 in Autism Spectrum Disorder: Evidence From a Congenital Case With Compound Heterozygous SCN10A Mutations. Front Mol Neurosci 2021; 14:709228. [PMID: 34385907 PMCID: PMC8354588 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2021.709228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Apart from the most prominent symptoms in Autism spectrum disorder (ASD), namely deficits in social interaction, communication and repetitive behavior, patients often show abnormal sensory reactivity to environmental stimuli. Especially potentially painful stimuli are reported to be experienced in a different way compared to healthy persons. In our present study, we identified an ASD patient carrying compound heterozygous mutations in the voltage-gated sodium channel (VGSC) Na v 1.8, which is preferentially expressed in sensory neurons. We expressed both mutations, p.I1511M and p.R512∗, in a heterologous expression system and investigated their biophysical properties using patch-clamp recordings. The results of these experiments reveal that the p.R512∗ mutation renders the channel non-functional, while the p.I1511M mutation showed only minor effects on the channel's function. Behavioral experiments in a Na v 1.8 loss-of-function mouse model additionally revealed that Na v 1.8 may play a role in autism-like symptomatology. Our results present Na v 1.8 as a protein potentially involved in ASD pathophysiology and may therefore offer new insights into the genetic basis of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Björn Heinrichs
- Institute of Physiology, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Baowen Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jannis E. Meents
- Institute of Physiology, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Kim Le
- Department of Chemosensation, AG Neuromodulation, Institute for Biology II, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Andelain Erickson
- Institute of Physiology, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Petra Hautvast
- Institute of Physiology, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Xiwen Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ningbo Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Institute of Physiology, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Marc Spehr
- Department of Chemosensation, Institute for Biology II, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Ute Habel
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- JARA-BRAIN Institute Brain Structure-Function Relationships: Decoding the Human Brain at Systemic Levels, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH and RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Markus Rothermel
- Institute for Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Foundation, Hanover, Germany
| | - Barbara Namer
- Research Group Neurosciences of the Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research (IZKF), Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Xianwei Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Angelika Lampert
- Institute of Physiology, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Guangyou Duan
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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26
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Borgmann D, Ciglieri E, Biglari N, Brandt C, Cremer AL, Backes H, Tittgemeyer M, Wunderlich FT, Brüning JC, Fenselau H. Gut-brain communication by distinct sensory neurons differently controls feeding and glucose metabolism. Cell Metab 2021; 33:1466-1482.e7. [PMID: 34043943 PMCID: PMC8280952 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2021.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Sensory neurons relay gut-derived signals to the brain, yet the molecular and functional organization of distinct populations remains unclear. Here, we employed intersectional genetic manipulations to probe the feeding and glucoregulatory function of distinct sensory neurons. We reconstruct the gut innervation patterns of numerous molecularly defined vagal and spinal afferents and identify their downstream brain targets. Bidirectional chemogenetic manipulations, coupled with behavioral and circuit mapping analysis, demonstrated that gut-innervating, glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor (GLP1R)-expressing vagal afferents relay anorexigenic signals to parabrachial nucleus neurons that control meal termination. Moreover, GLP1R vagal afferent activation improves glucose tolerance, and their inhibition elevates blood glucose levels independent of food intake. In contrast, gut-innervating, GPR65-expressing vagal afferent stimulation increases hepatic glucose production and activates parabrachial neurons that control normoglycemia, but they are dispensable for feeding regulation. Thus, distinct gut-innervating sensory neurons differentially control feeding and glucoregulatory neurocircuits and may provide specific targets for metabolic control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diba Borgmann
- Synaptic Transmission in Energy Homeostasis Group, Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Gleueler Strasse 50, 50931 Cologne, Germany; Translational Neurocircuitry Group, Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Gleueler Strasse 50, 50931 Cologne, Germany; Center for Anatomy II, Neuroanatomy, University Hospital Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann Str. 9, 50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Elisa Ciglieri
- Synaptic Transmission in Energy Homeostasis Group, Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Gleueler Strasse 50, 50931 Cologne, Germany; Center for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Preventive Medicine (CEDP), University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Strasse 26, 50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Nasim Biglari
- Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Department of Neuronal Control of Metabolism, Gleueler Strasse 50, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Claus Brandt
- Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Department of Neuronal Control of Metabolism, Gleueler Strasse 50, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Anna Lena Cremer
- Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Department of Neuronal Control of Metabolism, Gleueler Strasse 50, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Heiko Backes
- Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Department of Neuronal Control of Metabolism, Gleueler Strasse 50, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Marc Tittgemeyer
- Translational Neurocircuitry Group, Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Gleueler Strasse 50, 50931 Cologne, Germany; Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Straße 26, Cologne 50931, Germany
| | - F Thomas Wunderlich
- Center for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Preventive Medicine (CEDP), University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Strasse 26, 50937 Cologne, Germany; Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Department of Neuronal Control of Metabolism, Gleueler Strasse 50, 50931 Cologne, Germany; Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Straße 26, Cologne 50931, Germany; Center of Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Robert-Koch-Straße 21, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Jens C Brüning
- Center for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Preventive Medicine (CEDP), University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Strasse 26, 50937 Cologne, Germany; Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Department of Neuronal Control of Metabolism, Gleueler Strasse 50, 50931 Cologne, Germany; Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Straße 26, Cologne 50931, Germany; Center of Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Robert-Koch-Straße 21, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Henning Fenselau
- Synaptic Transmission in Energy Homeostasis Group, Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Gleueler Strasse 50, 50931 Cologne, Germany; Center for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Preventive Medicine (CEDP), University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Strasse 26, 50937 Cologne, Germany; Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Straße 26, Cologne 50931, Germany.
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27
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Neurotrophin-4 is essential for survival of the majority of vagal afferents to the mucosa of the small intestine, but not the stomach. Auton Neurosci 2021; 233:102811. [PMID: 33932866 DOI: 10.1016/j.autneu.2021.102811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Vagal afferents form the primary gut-to-brain neural axis, communicating signals that regulate gastrointestinal (GI) function and promote satiation, appetition and reward. Neurotrophin-4 (NT-4) is essential for the survival of vagal smooth muscle afferents of the small intestine, but not the stomach. Here we took advantage of near-complete labeling of GI vagal mucosal afferents in Nav1.8cre-Rosa26tdTomato transgenic mice to determine whether these afferents depend on NT-4 for survival. We quantified the density and distribution of vagal afferent terminals in the stomach and small intestine mucosa and their central terminals in the solitary tract nucleus (NTS) and area postrema in NT-4 knockout (KO) and control mice. NT-4KO mice exhibited a 75% reduction in vagal afferent terminals in proximal duodenal villi and a 55% decrease in the distal ileum, whereas, those in the stomach glands remained intact. Vagal crypt afferents were also reduced in some regions of the small intestine, but to a lesser degree. Surprisingly, NT-4KO mice exhibited an increase in labeled terminals in the medial NTS. These findings, combined with previous results, suggest NT-4 is essential for survival of a large proportion of all classes of vagal afferents that innervate the small intestine, but not those that supply the stomach. Thus, NT-4KO mice could be valuable for distinguishing gastric and intestinal vagal afferent regulation of GI function and feeding. The apparent plasticity of central vagal afferent terminals - an increase in their density - could have compensated for loss of peripheral terminals by maintaining near-normal levels of satiety signaling.
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28
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McDougle M, Quinn D, Diepenbroek C, Singh A, de la Serre C, de Lartigue G. Intact vagal gut-brain signalling prevents hyperphagia and excessive weight gain in response to high-fat high-sugar diet. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2021; 231:e13530. [PMID: 32603548 PMCID: PMC7772266 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Aim The tools that have been used to assess the function of the vagus nerve lack specificity. This could explain discrepancies about the role of vagal gut‐brain signalling in long‐term control of energy balance. Here we use a validated approach to selectively ablate sensory vagal neurones that innervate the gut to determine the role of vagal gut‐brain signalling in the control of food intake, energy expenditure and glucose homoeostasis in response to different diets. Methods Rat nodose ganglia were injected bilaterally with either the neurotoxin saporin conjugated to the gastrointestinal hormone cholecystokinin (CCK), or unconjugated saporin as a control. Food intake, body weight, glucose tolerance and energy expenditure were measured in both groups in response to chow or high‐fat high‐sugar (HFHS) diet. Willingness to work for fat or sugar was assessed by progressive ratio for orally administered solutions, while post‐ingestive feedback was tested by measuring food intake after an isocaloric lipid or sucrose pre‐load. Results Vagal deafferentation of the gut increases meal number in lean chow‐fed rats. Switching to a HFHS diet exacerbates overeating and body weight gain. The breakpoint for sugar or fat solution did not differ between groups, suggesting that increased palatability may not drive HFHS‐induced hyperphagia. Instead, decreased satiation in response to intra‐gastric infusion of fat, but not sugar, promotes hyperphagia in CCK‐Saporin‐treated rats fed with HFHS diet. Conclusions We conclude that intact sensory vagal neurones prevent hyperphagia and exacerbation of weight gain in response to a HFHS diet by promoting lipid‐mediated satiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly McDougle
- Department of Pharmacodynamics University of Florida Gainesville FL USA
- Center for Integrative Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease University of Florida Gainesville FL USA
- The John B. Pierce Laboratory New Haven CT USA
| | | | - Charlene Diepenbroek
- The John B. Pierce Laboratory New Haven CT USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology Yale Medical School New Haven CT USA
| | - Arashdeep Singh
- Department of Pharmacodynamics University of Florida Gainesville FL USA
- Center for Integrative Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease University of Florida Gainesville FL USA
| | | | - Guillaume de Lartigue
- Department of Pharmacodynamics University of Florida Gainesville FL USA
- Center for Integrative Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease University of Florida Gainesville FL USA
- The John B. Pierce Laboratory New Haven CT USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology Yale Medical School New Haven CT USA
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29
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Kuwahara Y, Kato I, Inui T, Marunaka Y, Kuwahara A. The effect of Xenin25 on spontaneous circular muscle contractions of rat distal colon in vitro. Physiol Rep 2021; 9:e14752. [PMID: 33600071 PMCID: PMC7891183 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Xenin25 has a variety of physiological functions in the Gastrointestinal (GI) tract, including ion transport and motility. However, the motility responses in the colon induced by Xenin25 remain poorly understood. Therefore, the effect of Xenin25 on the spontaneous circular muscle contractions of the rat distal colon was investigated using organ bath chambers and immunohistochemistry. Xenin25 induced the inhibition followed by postinhibitory spontaneous contractions with a higher frequency in the rat distal colon. This inhibitory effect of Xenin25 was significantly suppressed by TTX but not by atropine. The inhibitory time (the duration of inhibition) caused by Xenin25 was shortened by the NTSR1 antagonist SR48692, the NK1R antagonist CP96345, the VPAC2 receptor antagonist PG99-465, the nitric oxide-sensitive guanylate-cyclase inhibitor ODQ, and the Ca2+ -dependent K+ channel blocker apamin. The higher frequency of postinhibitory spontaneous contractions induced by Xenin25 was also attenuated by ODQ and apamin. SP-, NOS-, and VIP-immunoreactive neurons were detected in the myenteric plexus (MP) of the rat distal colon. Small subsets of the SP-positive neurons were also Calbindin positive. Most of the VIP-positive neurons were also NOS positive, and small subsets of the NK1R-positive neurons were also VIP positive. Based on the present results, we propose the following mechanism. Xenin25 activates neuronal NTSR1 on the SP neurons of IPANs, and transmitters from the VIP and apamin-sensitive NO neurons synergistically inhibit the spontaneous circular muscle contractions via NK1R. Subsequently, the postinhibitory spontaneous contractions are induced by the offset of apamin-sensitive NO neuron activation via the interstitial cells of Cajal. In addition, Xenin25 also activates the muscular NTSR1 to induce relaxation. Thus, Xenin25 is considered to be an important modulator of post prandial circular muscle contraction of distal colon since the release of Xenin25 from enteroendocrine cells is stimulated by food intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Kuwahara
- Department of Molecular cell PhysiologyGraduate School of Medical ScienceKyoto Prefectural University of MedicineKyotoJapan
- Research Unit for Epithelial PhysiologyResearch Center for Drug Discovery and Pharmaceutical Development ScienceResearch Organization of Science and TechnologyRitsumeikan UniversityKusatsuJapan
| | - Ikuo Kato
- Department of Medical BiochemistryKobe Pharmaceutical UniversityKobeJapan
| | | | - Yoshinori Marunaka
- Department of Molecular cell PhysiologyGraduate School of Medical ScienceKyoto Prefectural University of MedicineKyotoJapan
- Research Unit for Epithelial PhysiologyResearch Center for Drug Discovery and Pharmaceutical Development ScienceResearch Organization of Science and TechnologyRitsumeikan UniversityKusatsuJapan
- Research Institute for Clinical PhysiologyKyoto Industrial Health AssociationKyotoJapan
| | - Atsukazu Kuwahara
- Research Unit for Epithelial PhysiologyResearch Center for Drug Discovery and Pharmaceutical Development ScienceResearch Organization of Science and TechnologyRitsumeikan UniversityKusatsuJapan
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30
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Huang S, Ziegler CGK, Austin J, Mannoun N, Vukovic M, Ordovas-Montanes J, Shalek AK, von Andrian UH. Lymph nodes are innervated by a unique population of sensory neurons with immunomodulatory potential. Cell 2020; 184:441-459.e25. [PMID: 33333021 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Barrier tissue immune responses are regulated in part by nociceptors. Nociceptor ablation alters local immune responses at peripheral sites and within draining lymph nodes (LNs). The mechanisms and significance of nociceptor-dependent modulation of LN function are unknown. Using high-resolution imaging, viral tracing, single-cell transcriptomics, and optogenetics, we identified and functionally tested a sensory neuro-immune circuit that is responsive to lymph-borne inflammatory signals. Transcriptomics profiling revealed that multiple sensory neuron subsets, predominantly peptidergic nociceptors, innervate LNs, distinct from those innervating surrounding skin. To uncover LN-resident cells that may interact with LN-innervating sensory neurons, we generated a LN single-cell transcriptomics atlas and nominated nociceptor target populations and interaction modalities. Optogenetic stimulation of LN-innervating sensory fibers triggered rapid transcriptional changes in the predicted interacting cell types, particularly endothelium, stromal cells, and innate leukocytes. Thus, a unique population of sensory neurons monitors peripheral LNs and may locally regulate gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyi Huang
- The Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Immunology & HMS Center for Immune Imaging, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Carly G K Ziegler
- The Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Institute for Medical Engineering & Science (IMES), Department of Chemistry, and Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Harvard-MIT Program in Health Sciences and Technology, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Harvard Graduate Program in Biophysics, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - John Austin
- The Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Immunology & HMS Center for Immune Imaging, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Najat Mannoun
- The Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Immunology & HMS Center for Immune Imaging, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Marko Vukovic
- The Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Institute for Medical Engineering & Science (IMES), Department of Chemistry, and Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Jose Ordovas-Montanes
- The Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Institute for Medical Engineering & Science (IMES), Department of Chemistry, and Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Division of Gastroenterology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Alex K Shalek
- The Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Immunology & HMS Center for Immune Imaging, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Institute for Medical Engineering & Science (IMES), Department of Chemistry, and Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Harvard-MIT Program in Health Sciences and Technology, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
| | - Ulrich H von Andrian
- The Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Immunology & HMS Center for Immune Imaging, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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31
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Chen J, Cheng M, Wang L, Zhang L, Xu D, Cao P, Wang F, Herzog H, Song S, Zhan C. A Vagal-NTS Neural Pathway that Stimulates Feeding. Curr Biol 2020; 30:3986-3998.e5. [PMID: 32822608 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2020.07.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
A fundamental question of physiology is how gut-brain signaling stimulates appetite. While many studies have emphasized the importance of vagal afferents to the brain in inducing satiation, little is known about whether and how the vagal-mediated gut-brain pathway senses orexigenic signals and stimulates feeding. Here, we identified a previously uncharacterized population of fasting-activated catecholaminergic neurons in the nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS). After characterizing the anatomical complexity among NTS catecholaminergic neurons, we surprisingly found that activation of NTS epinephrine (ENTS) neurons co-expressing neuropeptide Y (NPY) stimulated feeding, whereas activation of NTS norepinephrine (NENTS) neurons suppressed feeding. Monosynaptic tracing/activation experiments then showed that these NTS neurons receive direct vagal afferents from nodose neurons. Moreover, activation of the vagal→NPY/ENTS neural circuit stimulated feeding. Our study reveals an orexigenic role of the vagal→NTS pathway in controlling feeding, thereby providing important insights about how gut-brain signaling regulates feeding behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Laboratory for Brain and Intelligence, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Center for Brain-Inspired Computing Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Mingxiu Cheng
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing 102206, China; TIMBR Graduate Program, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Liang Wang
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Neuroscience Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Dan Xu
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Peng Cao
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing 102206, China; Tsinghua Institute of Multidisciplinary Biomedical Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Fengchao Wang
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing 102206, China; Tsinghua Institute of Multidisciplinary Biomedical Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Herbert Herzog
- Neuroscience Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Sen Song
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Laboratory for Brain and Intelligence, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Center for Brain-Inspired Computing Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Cheng Zhan
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing 102206, China; Tsinghua Institute of Multidisciplinary Biomedical Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
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32
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Ramirez V, Swain S, Murray K, Reardon C. Neural Immune Communication in the Control of Host-Bacterial Pathogen Interactions in the Gastrointestinal Tract. Infect Immun 2020; 88:e00928-19. [PMID: 32341116 PMCID: PMC7440759 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00928-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The orchestration of host immune responses to enteric bacterial pathogens is a complex process involving the integration of numerous signals, including from the nervous system. Despite the recent progress in understanding the contribution of neuroimmune interactions in the regulation of inflammation, the mechanisms and effects of this communication during enteric bacterial infection are only beginning to be characterized. As part of this neuroimmune communication, neurons specialized to detect painful or otherwise noxious stimuli can respond to bacterial pathogens. Highlighting the complexity of these systems, the immunological consequences of sensory neuron activation can be either host adaptive or maladaptive, depending on the pathogen and organ system. These are but one of many types of neuroimmune circuits, with the vagus nerve and sympathetic innervation of numerous organs now known to modulate immune cell function and therefore dictate immunological outcomes during health and disease. Here, we review the evidence for neuroimmune communication in response to bacterial pathogens, and then discuss the consequences to host morbidity and mortality during infection of the gastrointestinal tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie Ramirez
- Department. of Anatomy, Physiology, and Cell Biology, UC Davis School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, California, USA
| | - Samantha Swain
- Department. of Anatomy, Physiology, and Cell Biology, UC Davis School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, California, USA
| | - Kaitlin Murray
- Department. of Anatomy, Physiology, and Cell Biology, UC Davis School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, California, USA
| | - Colin Reardon
- Department. of Anatomy, Physiology, and Cell Biology, UC Davis School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, California, USA
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33
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Liu B, Li N, Zhang J, Liu Y, Zhang M, Hong Y, Wu W, Zhang X, Duan G. The Role of Voltage-Gated Sodium Channel 1.8 in the Effect of Atropine on Heart Rate: Evidence From a Retrospective Clinical Study and Mouse Model. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:1163. [PMID: 32848771 PMCID: PMC7412993 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.01163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Atropine is commonly used to counter the effects of the parasympathetic neurotransmitter acetylcholine on heart rate in clinical practice, such as in the perioperative period; however, individual differences in the response to atropine are huge. The association between SCN10A/voltage-gated sodium channel 1.8 (NaV1.8) and cardiac conduction has been demonstrated; however, the exact role of SCN10A/NaV1.8 in the heart rate response to atropine remains unclear. To identify the role of SCN10A variants that influence the heart rate responses to atropine, we carried out a retrospective study in 1,005 Han Chinese subjects. Our results showed that rs6795970 was associated with the heart rate response to atropine. The heart rate responses to atropine and methoctramine in NaV1.8 knockout mice were lower, whereas the heart rate response to isoproterenol was like those in wild type mice. Furthermore, we observed that the NaV1.8 blocker A-803467 alleviated the heart rate response to atropine in wild type mice. The retrospective study revealed a previously unknown role of NaV1.8 in controlling the heart rate response to atropine, as shown by the animal study, a speculative mechanism that may involve the cardiac muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baowen Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ningbo Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Mi Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yishun Hong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenyao Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xianwei Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Xianwei Zhang, ; Guangyou Duan,
| | - Guangyou Duan
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Xianwei Zhang, ; Guangyou Duan,
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34
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Wang YB, de Lartigue G, Page AJ. Dissecting the Role of Subtypes of Gastrointestinal Vagal Afferents. Front Physiol 2020; 11:643. [PMID: 32595525 PMCID: PMC7300233 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal (GI) vagal afferents convey sensory signals from the GI tract to the brain. Numerous subtypes of GI vagal afferent have been identified but their individual roles in gut function and feeding regulation are unclear. In the past decade, technical approaches to selectively target vagal afferent subtypes and to assess their function has significantly progressed. This review examines the classification of GI vagal afferent subtypes and discusses the current available techniques to study vagal afferents. Investigating the distribution of GI vagal afferent subtypes and understanding how to access and modulate individual populations are essential to dissect their fundamental roles in the gut-brain axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoko B Wang
- Vagal Afferent Research Group, Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Guillaume de Lartigue
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States.,Center for Integrative Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Amanda J Page
- Vagal Afferent Research Group, Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia.,Nutrition, Diabetes and Gut Health, Lifelong Health Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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35
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Gavini CK, Bookout AL, Bonomo R, Gautron L, Lee S, Mansuy-Aubert V. Liver X Receptors Protect Dorsal Root Ganglia from Obesity-Induced Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Mechanical Allodynia. Cell Rep 2019; 25:271-277.e4. [PMID: 30304667 PMCID: PMC7732131 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.09.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Revised: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is associated with many complications, including type 2 diabetes and painful neuropathy. There is no cure or prevention for obesity-induced pain, and the neurobiology underlying the onset of the disease is still obscure. In this study, we observe that western diet (WD)-fed mice developed early allodynia with an increase of ER stress markers in the sensory neurons of the dorsal root ganglia (DRG). Using cell-specific approaches, we demonstrate that neuronal liver X receptor (LXR) activation delays ER stress and allodynia in WD-fed mice. Our findings suggest that lipid-binding nuclear receptors expressed in the sensory neurons of the DRG play a role in the onset of obesity-induced hypersensitivity. The LXR and lipid-sensor pathways represent a research avenue to identify targets to prevent debilitating complications affecting the peripheral nerve system in obesity. The mechanism underlying obesityinduced pain is explored by Gavini et al. using cell-specific models. Their analysis reveals that in sensory neurons of the dorsal root ganglia, LXR activation delays western diet-induced ER stress and allodynia. These findings suggest that LXRs in sensory neurons are involved in nociception induced by western diet nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaitanya K Gavini
- Cell and Molecular Physiology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
| | - Angie L Bookout
- Division of Hypothalamic Research, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Raiza Bonomo
- Cell and Molecular Physiology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
| | - Laurent Gautron
- Division of Hypothalamic Research, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Syann Lee
- Division of Hypothalamic Research, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Virginie Mansuy-Aubert
- Cell and Molecular Physiology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153, USA.
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36
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Abstract
The regulation of glycemia is under a tight neuronal detection of glucose levels performed by the gut-brain axis and an efficient efferent neuronal message sent to the peripheral organs, as the pancreas to induce insulin and inhibit glucagon secretions. The neuronal detection of glucose levels is performed by the autonomic nervous system including the enteric nervous system and the vagus nerve innervating the gastro-intestinal tractus, from the mouth to the anus. A dysregulation of this detection leads to the one of the most important current health issue around the world i.e. diabetes mellitus. Furthemore, the consequences of diabetes mellitus on neuronal homeostasis and activities participate to the aggravation of the disease establishing a viscious circle. Prokaryotic cells as bacteria, reside in our gut. The strong relationship between prokaryotic cells and our eukaryotic cells has been established long ago, and prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells in our body have evolved synbiotically. For the last decades, studies demonstrated the critical role of the gut microbiota on the metabolic control and how its shift can induce diseases such as diabetes. Despite an important increase of knowledge, few is known about 1) how the gut microbiota influences the neuronal detection of glucose and 2) how the diabetes mellitus-induced gut microbiota shift observed participates to the alterations of autonomic nervous system and the gut-brain axis activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estelle Grasset
- Wallenberg Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Gothenburg, 41345, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Remy Burcelin
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Toulouse, France
- Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1048, Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC), Team 2 : 'Intestinal Risk Factors, Diabetes, Université Paul Sabatier (UPS), Dyslipidemia', F-31432, Toulouse, Cedex 4, France
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37
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Serlin HK, Fox EA. Abdominal vagotomy reveals majority of small intestinal mucosal afferents labeled in na
v
1.8cre‐rosa26tdTomato mice are vagal in origin. J Comp Neurol 2019; 528:816-839. [PMID: 31618460 DOI: 10.1002/cne.24791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Revised: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hannah K. Serlin
- Behavioral Neurogenetics Laboratory, Department of Psychological Sciences Purdue University West Lafayette Indiana
| | - Edward A. Fox
- Behavioral Neurogenetics Laboratory, Department of Psychological Sciences Purdue University West Lafayette Indiana
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38
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Obeidat AM, Miller RE, Miller RJ, Malfait AM. The nociceptive innervation of the normal and osteoarthritic mouse knee. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2019; 27:1669-1679. [PMID: 31351964 PMCID: PMC7020657 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2019.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To document the nociceptive innervation of the normal and osteoarthritic murine knee. METHODS Knees were collected from naïve male C57BL/6 NaV1.8-tdTomato reporter mice aged 10, 26, and 52 weeks (n = 5/group). Destabilization of the medial meniscus (DMM) or sham surgeries (n = 5/group) were performed in the right knee of 10-week old male NaV1.8-tdTomato mice, and knees were harvested 16 weeks later. Twenty 20-μm frozen sections from a 400-μm mid-joint region were collected for confocal microscopy. Integrated density of the tdTomato signal was calculated using Image J by two independent observers blinded to the groups. Consecutive sections were stained with hematoxylin & eosin. C57BL/6-Pirt-GCaMP3 mice (n = 5/group) and protein gene product 9.5 (PGP9.5) immunostaining of C57BL/6 wild type (WT) mice (n = 5/group) were used to confirm innervation patterns. RESULTS In naive 10-week old mice, nociceptive innervation was most dense in bone marrow cavities, lateral synovium and at the insertions of the cruciate ligaments. By age 26 weeks, unoperated knees showed a marked decline in nociceptors in the lateral synovium and cruciate ligament insertions. No further decline was observed by age 1 year. Sixteen weeks after DMM, the medial compartment of OA knees exhibited striking changes in NaV1.8+ innervation, including increased innervation of the medial synovium and meniscus, and nociceptors in subchondral bone channels. All results were confirmed through quantification, also in Pirt-GCaMP3 and PGP9.5-immunostained WT mice. CONCLUSIONS Nociceptive innervation of the mouse knee markedly declines by age 26 weeks, before onset of spontaneous OA. Late-stage surgically induced OA is associated with striking plasticity of joint afferents in the medial compartment of the knee.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alia M. Obeidat
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago IL
| | - Rachel E. Miller
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago IL
| | | | - Anne-Marie Malfait
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago IL
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39
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Godlewski G, Cinar R, Coffey NJ, Liu J, Jourdan T, Mukhopadhyay B, Chedester L, Liu Z, Osei-Hyiaman D, Iyer MR, Park JK, Smith RG, Iwakura H, Kunos G. Targeting Peripheral CB 1 Receptors Reduces Ethanol Intake via a Gut-Brain Axis. Cell Metab 2019; 29:1320-1333.e8. [PMID: 31105045 PMCID: PMC6551287 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2019.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2018] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Endocannabinoids acting on the cannabinoid-1 receptor (CB1R) or ghrelin acting on its receptor (GHS-R1A) both promote alcohol-seeking behavior, but an interaction between the two signaling systems has not been explored. Here, we report that the peripheral CB1R inverse agonist JD5037 reduces ethanol drinking in wild-type mice but not in mice lacking CB1R, ghrelin peptide or GHS-R1A. JD5037 treatment of alcohol-drinking mice inhibits the formation of biologically active octanoyl-ghrelin without affecting its inactive precursor desacyl-ghrelin. In ghrelin-producing stomach cells, JD5037 reduced the level of the substrate octanoyl-carnitine generated from palmitoyl-carnitine by increasing fatty acid β-oxidation. Blocking gastric vagal afferents abrogated the ability of either CB1R or GHS-R1A blockade to reduce ethanol drinking. We conclude that blocking CB1R in ghrelin-producing cells reduces alcohol drinking by inhibiting the formation of active ghrelin and its signaling via gastric vagal afferents. Thus, peripheral CB1R blockade may have therapeutic potential in the treatment of alcoholism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grzegorz Godlewski
- Laboratory of Physiologic Studies, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Resat Cinar
- Laboratory of Physiologic Studies, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Nathan J Coffey
- Laboratory of Physiologic Studies, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jie Liu
- Laboratory of Physiologic Studies, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Tony Jourdan
- Laboratory of Physiologic Studies, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Bani Mukhopadhyay
- Laboratory of Physiologic Studies, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Lee Chedester
- Laboratory of Physiologic Studies, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Ziyi Liu
- Laboratory of Physiologic Studies, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Douglas Osei-Hyiaman
- Laboratory of Physiologic Studies, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Malliga R Iyer
- Laboratory of Physiologic Studies, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Joshua K Park
- Laboratory of Physiologic Studies, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Roy G Smith
- Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Hiroshi Iwakura
- Wakayama Medical University, 811-1 Kimiidera, Wakayama 641-8509, Japan
| | - George Kunos
- Laboratory of Physiologic Studies, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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40
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Kuwahara A, Kuwahara Y, Kato I, Kawaguchi K, Harata D, Asano S, Inui T, Marunaka Y. Xenin-25 induces anion secretion by activating noncholinergic secretomotor neurons in the rat ileum. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2019; 316:G785-G796. [PMID: 30978113 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00333.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Xenin-25 is a neurotensin-like peptide that is secreted by enteroendocrine cells in the small intestine. Xenin-8 is reported to augment duodenal anion secretion by activating afferent neural pathways. The intrinsic neuronal circuits mediating the xenin-25-induced anion secretion were characterized using the Ussing-chambered, mucosa-submucosa preparation from the rat ileum. Serosal application of xenin-25 increased the short-circuit current in a concentration-dependent manner. The responses were abolished by the combination of Cl--free and HCO3- -free solutions. The responses were almost completely blocked by TTX (10-6 M) but not by atropine (10-5 M) or hexamethonium (10-4 M). The selective antagonists for neurotensin receptor 1 (NTSR1), neurokinin 1 (NK1), vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) receptors 1 and 2 (VPAC1 and VPAC2, respectively), and capsaicin, but not 5-hydroxyltryptamine receptors 3 and 4 (5-HT3 and 5-HT4), NTSR2, and A803467, inhibited the responses to xenin-25. The expression of VIP receptors (Vipr) in rat ileum was examined using RT-PCR. The Vipr1 PCR products were detected in the submucosal plexus and mucosa. Immunohistochemical staining showed the colocalization of NTSR1 and NK1 with substance P (SP)- and calbindin-immunoreactive neurons in the submucosal plexus, respectively. In addition, NK1 was colocalized with noncholinergic VIP secretomotor neurons. Based on the results from the present study, xenin-25-induced Cl-/ HCO3- secretion is involved in NTSR1 activation on intrinsic and extrinsic afferent neurons, followed by the release of SP and subsequent activation of NK1 expressed on noncholinergic VIP secretomotor neurons. Finally, the secreted VIP may activate VPAC1 on epithelial cells to induce Cl-/ HCO3- secretion in the rat ileum. Activation of noncholinergic VIP secretomotor neurons by intrinsic primary afferent neurons and extrinsic afferent neurons by postprandially released xenin-25 may account for most of the neurogenic secretory response induced by xenin-25. NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study is the first to investigate the intrinsic neuronal circuit responsible for xenin-25-induced anion secretion in the rat small intestine. We have found that nutrient-stimulated xenin-25 release may activate noncholinergic vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) secretomotor neurons to promote Cl-/ HCO3- secretion through the activation of VIP receptor 1 on epithelial cells. Moreover, the xenin-25-induced secretory responses are mainly linked with intrinsic primary afferent neurons, which are involved in the activation of neurotensin receptor 1 and neurokinin 1 receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsukazu Kuwahara
- Research Unit for Epithelial Physiology, Research Organization of Science and Technology, Ritsumeikan University , Kusatsu , Japan.,Department of Molecular Cell Physiology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine , Kyoto , Japan.,Research Center for Drug Discovery and Pharmaceutical Development Science, Research Organization of Science and Technology, Ritsumeikan University , Kusatsu , Japan
| | - Yuko Kuwahara
- Department of Molecular Cell Physiology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine , Kyoto , Japan
| | - Ikuo Kato
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Kobe Pharmaceutical University , Kobe , Japan
| | - Kotoku Kawaguchi
- Department of Molecular Physiology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University , Kusatsu , Japan
| | - Daiki Harata
- Department of Molecular Physiology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University , Kusatsu , Japan
| | - Shinji Asano
- Department of Molecular Physiology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University , Kusatsu , Japan
| | | | - Yoshinori Marunaka
- Department of Molecular Cell Physiology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine , Kyoto , Japan.,Research Center for Drug Discovery and Pharmaceutical Development Science, Research Organization of Science and Technology, Ritsumeikan University , Kusatsu , Japan.,Research Institute for Clinical Physiology, Kyoto Industrial Health Association , Kyoto , Japan
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41
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Gando I, Williams N, Fishman GI, Sampson BA, Tang Y, Coetzee WA. Functional characterization of SCN10A variants in several cases of sudden unexplained death. Forensic Sci Int 2019; 301:289-298. [PMID: 31195250 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2019.05.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Revised: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and targeted gene sequencing have identified common variants in SCN10A in cases of PR and QRS duration abnormalities, atrial fibrillation and Brugada syndrome. The New York City Office of Chief Medical Examiner has now also identified five SCN10A variants of uncertain significance in six separate cases within a cohort of 330 sudden unexplained death events. The gene product of SCN10A is the Nav1.8 sodium channel. The purpose of this study was to characterize effects of these variants on Nav1.8 channel function to provide better information for the reclassification of these variants. METHODS AND RESULTS Patch clamp studies were performed to assess effects of the variants on whole-cell Nav1.8 currents. We also performed RNA-seq analysis and immunofluorescence confocal microcopy to determine Nav1.8 expression in heart. We show that four of the five rare 'variants of unknown significance' (L388M, L867F, P1102S and V1518I) are associated with altered functional phenotypes. The R756W variant behaved similar to wild-type under our experimental conditions. We failed to detect Nav1.8 protein expression in immunofluorescence microscopy in rat heart. Furthermore, RNA-seq analysis failed to detect full-length SCN10A mRNA transcripts in human ventricle or mouse specialized cardiac conduction system, suggesting that the effect of Nav1.8 on cardiac function is likely to be extra-cardiac in origin. CONCLUSIONS We have demonstrated that four of five SCN10A variants of uncertain significance, identified in unexplained death, have deleterious effects on channel function. These data extend the genetic testing of SUD cases, but significantly more clinical evidence is needed to satisfy the criteria needed to associate these variants with the onset of SUD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nori Williams
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Office of Chief Medical Examiner, New York, NY, United States
| | - Glenn I Fishman
- Neuroscience & Physiology, New York, NY, United States; Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York, NY, United States; Medicine NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Barbara A Sampson
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Office of Chief Medical Examiner, New York, NY, United States
| | - Yingying Tang
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Office of Chief Medical Examiner, New York, NY, United States
| | - William A Coetzee
- Pediatrics, New York, NY, United States; Neuroscience & Physiology, New York, NY, United States; Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York, NY, United States.
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42
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Bennett DL, Clark AJ, Huang J, Waxman SG, Dib-Hajj SD. The Role of Voltage-Gated Sodium Channels in Pain Signaling. Physiol Rev 2019; 99:1079-1151. [DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00052.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 256] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute pain signaling has a key protective role and is highly evolutionarily conserved. Chronic pain, however, is maladaptive, occurring as a consequence of injury and disease, and is associated with sensitization of the somatosensory nervous system. Primary sensory neurons are involved in both of these processes, and the recent advances in understanding sensory transduction and human genetics are the focus of this review. Voltage-gated sodium channels (VGSCs) are important determinants of sensory neuron excitability: they are essential for the initial transduction of sensory stimuli, the electrogenesis of the action potential, and neurotransmitter release from sensory neuron terminals. Nav1.1, Nav1.6, Nav1.7, Nav1.8, and Nav1.9 are all expressed by adult sensory neurons. The biophysical characteristics of these channels, as well as their unique expression patterns within subtypes of sensory neurons, define their functional role in pain signaling. Changes in the expression of VGSCs, as well as posttranslational modifications, contribute to the sensitization of sensory neurons in chronic pain states. Furthermore, gene variants in Nav1.7, Nav1.8, and Nav1.9 have now been linked to human Mendelian pain disorders and more recently to common pain disorders such as small-fiber neuropathy. Chronic pain affects one in five of the general population. Given the poor efficacy of current analgesics, the selective expression of particular VGSCs in sensory neurons makes these attractive targets for drug discovery. The increasing availability of gene sequencing, combined with structural modeling and electrophysiological analysis of gene variants, also provides the opportunity to better target existing therapies in a personalized manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- David L. Bennett
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology and Center for Neuroscience and Regeneration Research, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut; and Rehabilitation Research Center, Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut
| | - Alex J. Clark
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology and Center for Neuroscience and Regeneration Research, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut; and Rehabilitation Research Center, Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut
| | - Jianying Huang
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology and Center for Neuroscience and Regeneration Research, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut; and Rehabilitation Research Center, Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut
| | - Stephen G. Waxman
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology and Center for Neuroscience and Regeneration Research, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut; and Rehabilitation Research Center, Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut
| | - Sulayman D. Dib-Hajj
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology and Center for Neuroscience and Regeneration Research, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut; and Rehabilitation Research Center, Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut
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43
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Wang R, Lu Y, Cicha MZ, Singh MV, Benson CJ, Madden CJ, Chapleau MW, Abboud FM. TMEM16B determines cholecystokinin sensitivity of intestinal vagal afferents of nodose neurons. JCI Insight 2019; 4:122058. [PMID: 30843875 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.122058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The satiety effects and metabolic actions of cholecystokinin (CCK) have been recognized as potential therapeutic targets in obesity for decades. We identified a potentially novel Ca2+-activated chloride (Cl-) current (CaCC) that is induced by CCK in intestinal vagal afferents of nodose neurons. The CaCC subunit Anoctamin 2 (Ano2/TMEM16B) is the dominant contributor to this current. Its expression is reduced, as is CCK current activity in obese mice on a high-fat diet (HFD). Reduced expression of TMEM16B in the heterozygote KO of the channel in sensory neurons results in an obese phenotype with a loss of CCK sensitivity in intestinal nodose neurons, a loss of CCK-induced satiety, and metabolic changes, including decreased energy expenditure. The effect on energy expenditure is further supported by evidence in rats showing that CCK enhances sympathetic nerve activity and thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue, and these effects are abrogated by a HFD and vagotomy. Our findings reveal that Ano2/TMEM16B is a Ca2+-activated chloride channel in vagal afferents of nodose neurons and a major determinant of CCK-induced satiety, body weight control, and energy expenditure, making it a potential therapeutic target in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runping Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine.,Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, and
| | - Yongjun Lu
- Department of Internal Medicine.,Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, and
| | - Michael Z Cicha
- Department of Internal Medicine.,Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, and
| | - Madhu V Singh
- Department of Internal Medicine.,Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, and
| | - Christopher J Benson
- Department of Internal Medicine.,Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, and.,Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.,Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Christopher J Madden
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Mark W Chapleau
- Department of Internal Medicine.,Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, and.,Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.,Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - François M Abboud
- Department of Internal Medicine.,Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, and.,Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
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44
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Coates MD, Vrana KE, Ruiz-Velasco V. The influence of voltage-gated sodium channels on human gastrointestinal nociception. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2019; 31:e13460. [PMID: 30216585 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.13460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Revised: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Abdominal pain is a frequent and persistent problem in the most common gastrointestinal disorders, including irritable bowel syndrome and inflammatory bowel disease. Pain adversely impacts quality of life, incurs significant healthcare expenditures, and remains a challenging issue to manage with few safe therapeutic options currently available. It is imperative that new methods are developed for identifying and treating this symptom. A variety of peripherally active neuroendocrine signaling elements have the capability to influence gastrointestinal pain perception. A large and growing body of evidence suggests that voltage-gated sodium channels (VGSCs) play a critical role in the development and modulation of nociceptive signaling associated with the gut. Several VGSC isoforms demonstrate significant promise as potential targets for improved diagnosis and treatment of gut-based disorders associated with hyper- and hyposensitivity to abdominal pain. PURPOSE In this article, we critically review key investigations that have evaluated the potential role that VGSCs play in visceral nociception and discuss recent advances related to this topic. Specifically, we discuss the following: (a) what is known about the structure and basic function of VGSCs, (b) the role that each VGSC plays in gut nociception, particularly as it relates to human physiology, and (c) potential diagnostic and therapeutic uses of VGSCs to manage disorders associated with chronic abdominal pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew D Coates
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Kent E Vrana
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Victor Ruiz-Velasco
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
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45
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Salvatierra J, Diaz-Bustamante M, Meixiong J, Tierney E, Dong X, Bosmans F. A disease mutation reveals a role for NaV1.9 in acute itch. J Clin Invest 2018; 128:5434-5447. [PMID: 30395542 DOI: 10.1172/jci122481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Itch (pruritis) and pain represent two distinct sensory modalities; yet both have evolved to alert us to potentially harmful external stimuli. Compared with pain, our understanding of itch is still nascent. Here, we report a new clinical case of debilitating itch and altered pain perception resulting from the heterozygous de novo p.L811P gain-of-function mutation in NaV1.9, a voltage-gated sodium (NaV) channel subtype that relays sensory information from the periphery to the spine. To investigate the role of NaV1.9 in itch, we developed a mouse line in which the channel is N-terminally tagged with a fluorescent protein, thereby enabling the reliable identification and biophysical characterization of NaV1.9-expressing neurons. We also assessed NaV1.9 involvement in itch by using a newly created NaV1.9-/- and NaV1.9L799P/WT mouse model. We found that NaV1.9 is expressed in a subset of nonmyelinated, nonpeptidergic small-diameter dorsal root ganglia (DRGs). In WT DRGs, but not those of NaV1.9-/- mice, pruritogens altered action potential parameters and NaV channel gating properties. Additionally, NaV1.9-/- mice exhibited a strong reduction in acute scratching behavior in response to pruritogens, whereas NaV1.9L799P/WT mice displayed increased spontaneous scratching. Altogether, our data suggest an important contribution of NaV1.9 to itch signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Xinzhong Dong
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Frank Bosmans
- Department of Physiology.,Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience.,Department of Basic and Applied Medical Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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Abstract
The regulation of energy and glucose balance contributes to whole-body metabolic homeostasis, and such metabolic regulation is disrupted in obesity and diabetes. Metabolic homeostasis is orchestrated partly in response to nutrient and vagal-dependent gut-initiated functions. Specifically, the sensory and motor fibres of the vagus nerve transmit intestinal signals to the central nervous system and exert biological and physiological responses. In the past decade, the understanding of the regulation of vagal afferent signals and of the associated metabolic effect on whole-body energy and glucose balance has progressed. This Review highlights the contributions made to the understanding of the vagal afferent system and examines the integrative role of the vagal afferent in gastrointestinal regulation of appetite and glucose homeostasis. Investigating the integrative and metabolic role of vagal afferent signalling represents a potential strategy to discover novel therapeutic targets to restore energy and glucose balance in diabetes and obesity.
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47
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Liu DS, Xu TL. Cell-Type Identification in the Autonomic Nervous System. Neurosci Bull 2018; 35:145-155. [PMID: 30171526 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-018-0284-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The autonomic nervous system controls various internal organs and executes crucial functions through sophisticated neural connectivity and circuits. Its dysfunction causes an imbalance of homeostasis and numerous human disorders. In the past decades, great efforts have been made to study the structure and functions of this system, but so far, our understanding of the classification of autonomic neuronal subpopulations remains limited and a precise map of their connectivity has not been achieved. One of the major challenges that hinder rapid progress in these areas is the complexity and heterogeneity of autonomic neurons. To facilitate the identification of neuronal subgroups in the autonomic nervous system, here we review the well-established and cutting-edge technologies that are frequently used in peripheral neuronal tracing and profiling, and discuss their operating mechanisms, advantages, and targeted applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di-Shi Liu
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Tian-Le Xu
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
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48
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Loss-of-function of Nav1.8/D1639N linked to human pain can be rescued by lidocaine. Pflugers Arch 2018; 470:1787-1801. [PMID: 30099632 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-018-2189-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Revised: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Mutations in voltage-gated sodium channels are associated with altered pain perception in humans. Most of these mutations studied to date present with a direct and intuitive link between the altered electrophysiological function of the channel and the phenotype of the patient. In this study, we characterize a variant of Nav1.8, D1639N, which has been previously identified in a patient suffering from the chronic pain syndrome "small fiber neuropathy". Using a heterologous expression system and patch-clamp analysis, we show that Nav1.8/D1639N reduces current density without altering biophysical gating properties of Nav1.8. Therefore, the D1639N variant causes a loss-of-function of the Nav1.8 sodium channel in a patient suffering from chronic pain. Using immunocytochemistry and biochemical approaches, we show that Nav1.8/D1639N impairs trafficking of the channel to the cell membrane. Neither co-expression of β1 or β3 subunit, nor overnight incubation at 27 °C rescued current density of the D1639N variant. On the other hand, overnight incubation with lidocaine fully restored current density of Nav1.8/D1639N most likely by overcoming the trafficking defect, whereas phenytoin failed to do so. Since lidocaine rescues the loss-of-function of Nav1.8/D1639N, it may offer a future therapeutic option for the patient carrying this variant. These results demonstrate that the D1639N variant, identified in a patient suffering from chronic pain, causes loss-of-function of the channel due to impaired cell surface trafficking and that this trafficking defect can be rescued by lidocaine.
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49
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Patil MJ, Hovhannisyan AH, Akopian AN. Characteristics of sensory neuronal groups in CGRP-cre-ER reporter mice: Comparison to Nav1.8-cre, TRPV1-cre and TRPV1-GFP mouse lines. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0198601. [PMID: 29864146 PMCID: PMC5986144 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0198601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Peptidergic sensory neurons play a critical role in nociceptive pathways. To precisely define the function and plasticity of sensory neurons in detail, new tools such as transgenic mouse models are needed. We employed electrophysiology and immunohistochemistry to characterize in detail dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons expressing an inducible CGRPcre-ER (CGRP-cre+); and compared them to DRG neurons expressing Nav1.8cre (Nav1.8-cre+), TRPV1cre (TRPV1-cre+) and TRPV1-GFP (V1-GFP+). Tamoxifen effectively induced CGRPcre-ER production in DRG. ≈87% of CGRPcre-ER-expressing neurons were co-labeled CGRP antibody. Three small and two medium-large-sized (5HT3a+/NPY2R- and NPY2R+) neuronal groups with unique electrophysiological profiles were CGRP-cre+. Nav1.8-cre+ neurons were detected in all CGRP-cre+ groups, as well as in 5 additional neuronal groups: MrgprD+/TRPA1-, MrgprD+/TRPA1+, TRPV1+/CGRP-, vGLUT3+ and ≈30% of trkC+ neurons. Differences between TRPV1cre and Nav1.8cre reporters were that unlike TRPV1-cre+, Nav1.8-cre+ expression was detected in non-nociceptive vGLUT3+ and trkC+ populations. Many TRPV1-cre+ neurons did not respond to capsaicin. In contrast, V1-GFP+ neurons were in 4 groups, each of which was capsaicin-sensitive. Finally, none of the analyzed reporter lines showed cre-recombination in trkB+, calbindin+, 70% of trkC+ or parvalbumin+ neurons, which together encompassed ≈20% of Nav1.8-cre- DRG neurons. The data presented here increases our knowledge of peptidergic sensory neuron characteristics, while showing the efficiency and specificity manipulation of peptidergic neurons by the CGRPcre-ER reporter. We also demonstrate that manipulation of all C- and A-nociceptors is better achieved with TRPV1-cre reporter. Finally, the described approach for detailed characterization of sensory neuronal groups can be applied to a variety of reporter mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayur J. Patil
- Departments of Endodontics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| | - Anahit H. Hovhannisyan
- Departments of Endodontics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| | - Armen N. Akopian
- Departments of Endodontics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
- Departments of Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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50
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Egerod KL, Petersen N, Timshel PN, Rekling JC, Wang Y, Liu Q, Schwartz TW, Gautron L. Profiling of G protein-coupled receptors in vagal afferents reveals novel gut-to-brain sensing mechanisms. Mol Metab 2018; 12:62-75. [PMID: 29673577 PMCID: PMC6001940 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2018.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Revised: 03/24/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) act as transmembrane molecular sensors of neurotransmitters, hormones, nutrients, and metabolites. Because unmyelinated vagal afferents richly innervate the gastrointestinal mucosa, gut-derived molecules may directly modulate the activity of vagal afferents through GPCRs. However, the types of GPCRs expressed in vagal afferents are largely unknown. Here, we determined the expression profile of all GPCRs expressed in vagal afferents of the mouse, with a special emphasis on those innervating the gastrointestinal tract. METHODS Using a combination of high-throughput quantitative PCR, RNA sequencing, and in situ hybridization, we systematically quantified GPCRs expressed in vagal unmyelinated Nav1.8-expressing afferents. RESULTS GPCRs for gut hormones that were the most enriched in Nav1.8-expressing vagal unmyelinated afferents included NTSR1, NPY2R, CCK1R, and to a lesser extent, GLP1R, but not GHSR and GIPR. Interestingly, both GLP1R and NPY2R were coexpressed with CCK1R. In contrast, NTSR1 was coexpressed with GPR65, a marker preferentially enriched in intestinal mucosal afferents. Only few microbiome-derived metabolite sensors such as GPR35 and, to a lesser extent, GPR119 and CaSR were identified in the Nav1.8-expressing vagal afferents. GPCRs involved in lipid sensing and inflammation (e.g. CB1R, CYSLTR2, PTGER4), and neurotransmitters signaling (CHRM4, DRD2, CRHR2) were also highly enriched in Nav1.8-expressing neurons. Finally, we identified 21 orphan GPCRs with unknown functions in vagal afferents. CONCLUSION Overall, this study provides a comprehensive description of GPCR-dependent sensing mechanisms in vagal afferents, including novel coexpression patterns, and conceivably coaction of key receptors for gut-derived molecules involved in gut-brain communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristoffer L Egerod
- Laboratory for Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, and Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Nørre Allé 14, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Natalia Petersen
- Laboratory for Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, and Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Nørre Allé 14, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Pascal N Timshel
- Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genomics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Nørre Allé 14, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jens C Rekling
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Copenhagen, Nørre Allé 14, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Yibing Wang
- Department of Biochemistry, UT Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Qinghua Liu
- Department of Biochemistry, UT Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Thue W Schwartz
- Laboratory for Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, and Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Nørre Allé 14, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Laurent Gautron
- Division of Hypothalamic Research and Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
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