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Alba-González A, Yáñez J, Anadón R, Folgueira M. Neurogranin-like immunoreactivity in the zebrafish brain during development. Brain Struct Funct 2022; 227:2593-2607. [PMID: 36018391 PMCID: PMC9618489 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-022-02550-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Neurogranin (Nrgn) is a neural protein that is enriched in the cerebral cortex and is involved in synaptic plasticity via its interaction with calmodulin. Recently we reported its expression in the brain of the adult zebrafish (Alba-González et al. J Comp Neurol 530:1569–1587, 2022). In this study we analyze the development of Nrgn-like immunoreactivity (Nrgn-like-ir) in the brain and sensory structures of zebrafish embryos and larvae, using whole mounts and sections. First Nrgn-like positive neurons appeared by 2 day post-fertilization (dpf) in restricted areas of the brain, mostly in the pallium, epiphysis and hindbrain. Nrgn-like populations increased noticeably by 3 dpf, reaching an adult-like pattern in 6 dpf. Most Nrgn-like positive neurons were observed in the olfactory organ, retina (most ganglion cells, some amacrine and bipolar cells), pallium, lateral hypothalamus, thalamus, optic tectum, torus semicircularis, octavolateralis area, and viscerosensory column. Immunoreactivity was also observed in axonal tracts originating in Nrgn-like neuronal populations, namely, the projection of Nrgn-like immunopositive primary olfactory fibers to olfactory glomeruli, that of Nrgn-like positive pallial cells to the hypothalamus, the Nrgn-like-ir optic nerve to the pretectum and optic tectum, the Nrgn-like immunolabeled lateral hypothalamus to the contralateral region via the horizontal commissure, the octavolateralis area to the midbrain via the lateral lemniscus, and the viscerosensory column to the dorsal isthmus via the secondary gustatory tract. The late expression of Nrgn in zebrafish neurons is probably related to functional maturation of higher brain centers, as reported in the mammalian telencephalon. The analysis of Nrgn expression in the zebrafish brain suggests that it may be a useful marker for specific neuronal circuitries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anabel Alba-González
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of A Coruña, Campus da Zapateira, 15008-A, Coruña, Spain.,Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), University of A Coruña, 15071-A, Coruña, Spain
| | - Julián Yáñez
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of A Coruña, Campus da Zapateira, 15008-A, Coruña, Spain. .,Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), University of A Coruña, 15071-A, Coruña, Spain.
| | - Ramón Anadón
- Department of Functional Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Mónica Folgueira
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of A Coruña, Campus da Zapateira, 15008-A, Coruña, Spain. .,Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), University of A Coruña, 15071-A, Coruña, Spain.
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Gribaudo S, Saraulli D, Nato G, Bonzano S, Gambarotta G, Luzzati F, Costanzi M, Peretto P, Bovetti S, De Marchis S. Neurogranin Regulates Adult-Born Olfactory Granule Cell Spine Density and Odor-Reward Associative Memory in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22084269. [PMID: 33924098 PMCID: PMC8074334 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22084269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurogranin (Ng) is a brain-specific postsynaptic protein, whose role in modulating Ca2+/calmodulin signaling in glutamatergic neurons has been linked to enhancement in synaptic plasticity and cognitive functions. Accordingly, Ng knock-out (Ng-ko) mice display hippocampal-dependent learning and memory impairments associated with a deficit in long-term potentiation induction. In the adult olfactory bulb (OB), Ng is expressed by a large population of GABAergic granule cells (GCs) that are continuously generated during adult life, undergo high synaptic remodeling in response to the sensory context, and play a key role in odor processing. However, the possible implication of Ng in OB plasticity and function is yet to be investigated. Here, we show that Ng expression in the OB is associated with the mature state of adult-born GCs, where its active-phosphorylated form is concentrated at post-synaptic sites. Constitutive loss of Ng in Ng-ko mice resulted in defective spine density in adult-born GCs, while their survival remained unaltered. Moreover, Ng-ko mice show an impaired odor-reward associative memory coupled with reduced expression of the activity-dependent transcription factor Zif268 in olfactory GCs. Overall, our data support a role for Ng in the molecular mechanisms underlying GC plasticity and the formation of olfactory associative memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Gribaudo
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology (DBIOS), University of Torino, 10123 Turin, Italy; (S.G.); (G.N.); (S.B.); (F.L.); (P.P.)
| | - Daniele Saraulli
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology (IBCN), National Research Council, 00143 Rome, Italy;
| | - Giulia Nato
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology (DBIOS), University of Torino, 10123 Turin, Italy; (S.G.); (G.N.); (S.B.); (F.L.); (P.P.)
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi (NICO), Orbassano, 10043 Turin, Italy;
| | - Sara Bonzano
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology (DBIOS), University of Torino, 10123 Turin, Italy; (S.G.); (G.N.); (S.B.); (F.L.); (P.P.)
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi (NICO), Orbassano, 10043 Turin, Italy;
| | - Giovanna Gambarotta
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi (NICO), Orbassano, 10043 Turin, Italy;
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences (DSCB), University of Torino, 10043 Turin, Italy
| | - Federico Luzzati
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology (DBIOS), University of Torino, 10123 Turin, Italy; (S.G.); (G.N.); (S.B.); (F.L.); (P.P.)
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi (NICO), Orbassano, 10043 Turin, Italy;
| | - Marco Costanzi
- Department of Human Sciences, LUMSA University, 00193 Rome, Italy;
| | - Paolo Peretto
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology (DBIOS), University of Torino, 10123 Turin, Italy; (S.G.); (G.N.); (S.B.); (F.L.); (P.P.)
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi (NICO), Orbassano, 10043 Turin, Italy;
| | - Serena Bovetti
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology (DBIOS), University of Torino, 10123 Turin, Italy; (S.G.); (G.N.); (S.B.); (F.L.); (P.P.)
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi (NICO), Orbassano, 10043 Turin, Italy;
- Correspondence: (S.B.); (S.D.M.)
| | - Silvia De Marchis
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology (DBIOS), University of Torino, 10123 Turin, Italy; (S.G.); (G.N.); (S.B.); (F.L.); (P.P.)
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi (NICO), Orbassano, 10043 Turin, Italy;
- Correspondence: (S.B.); (S.D.M.)
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Kalish BT, Barkat TR, Diel EE, Zhang EJ, Greenberg ME, Hensch TK. Single-nucleus RNA sequencing of mouse auditory cortex reveals critical period triggers and brakes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:11744-11752. [PMID: 32404418 PMCID: PMC7261058 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1920433117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Auditory experience drives neural circuit refinement during windows of heightened brain plasticity, but little is known about the genetic regulation of this developmental process. The primary auditory cortex (A1) of mice exhibits a critical period for thalamocortical connectivity between postnatal days P12 and P15, during which tone exposure alters the tonotopic topography of A1. We hypothesized that a coordinated, multicellular transcriptional program governs this window for patterning of the auditory cortex. To generate a robust multicellular map of gene expression, we performed droplet-based, single-nucleus RNA sequencing (snRNA-seq) of A1 across three developmental time points (P10, P15, and P20) spanning the tonotopic critical period. We also tone-reared mice (7 kHz pips) during the 3-d critical period and collected A1 at P15 and P20. We identified and profiled both neuronal (glutamatergic and GABAergic) and nonneuronal (oligodendrocytes, microglia, astrocytes, and endothelial) cell types. By comparing normal- and tone-reared mice, we found hundreds of genes across cell types showing altered expression as a result of sensory manipulation during the critical period. Functional voltage-sensitive dye imaging confirmed GABA circuit function determines critical period onset, while Nogo receptor signaling is required for its closure. We further uncovered previously unknown effects of developmental tone exposure on trajectories of gene expression in interneurons, as well as candidate genes that might execute tonotopic plasticity. Our single-nucleus transcriptomic resource of developing auditory cortex is thus a powerful discovery platform with which to identify mediators of tonotopic plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian T Kalish
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Tania R Barkat
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138
- Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138
| | - Erin E Diel
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138
- Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138
| | | | | | - Takao K Hensch
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138;
- Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138
- F. M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
- Child Brain Development, Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, Toronto, ON M5G 1M1, Canada
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Opposite-sex attraction in male mice requires testosterone-dependent regulation of adult olfactory bulb neurogenesis. Sci Rep 2016; 6:36063. [PMID: 27782186 PMCID: PMC5080553 DOI: 10.1038/srep36063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Opposite-sex attraction in most mammals depends on the fine-tuned integration of pheromonal stimuli with gonadal hormones in the brain circuits underlying sexual behaviour. Neural activity in these circuits is regulated by sensory processing in the accessory olfactory bulb (AOB), the first central station of the vomeronasal system. Recent evidence indicates adult neurogenesis in the AOB is involved in sex behaviour; however, the mechanisms underlying this function are unknown. By using Semaphorin 7A knockout (Sema7A ko) mice, which show a reduced number of gonadotropin-releasing-hormone neurons, small testicles and subfertility, and wild-type males castrated during adulthood, we demonstrate that the level of circulating testosterone regulates the sex-specific control of AOB neurogenesis and the vomeronasal system activation, which influences opposite-sex cue preference/attraction in mice. Overall, these data highlight adult neurogenesis as a hub for the integration of pheromonal and hormonal cues that control sex-specific responses in brain circuits.
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Choy FC, Klarić TS, Koblar SA, Lewis MD. miR-744 and miR-224 Downregulate Npas4 and Affect Lineage Differentiation Potential and Neurite Development During Neural Differentiation of Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 54:3528-3541. [PMID: 27189618 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-9912-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Neuronal PAS domain protein 4 (Npas4) is a brain-specific transcription factor whose expression is enriched in neurogenic regions of the brain. In addition, it was demonstrated that Npas4 expression is dynamic and highly regulated during neural differentiation of embryonic stem cells (ESCs). While these findings implicate a role for Npas4 in neurogenesis, the underlying mechanisms of regulation remain unknown. Given that growing evidence suggests that microRNAs (miRNAs) play important roles in both embryonic and adult neurogenesis, we reasoned that miRNAs are good candidates for regulating Npas4 expression during neural differentiation of ESCs. In this study, we utilized the small RNA sequencing method to profile miRNA expression during neural differentiation of mouse ESCs. Two differentially expressed miRNAs were identified to be able to significantly reduce reporter gene activity by targeting the Npas4 3'UTR, namely miR-744 and miR-224. More importantly, ectopic expression of these miRNAs during neural differentiation resulted in downregulation of endogenous Npas4 expression. Subsequent functional analysis revealed that overexpression of either miR-744 or miR-224 delayed early neural differentiation, reduced GABAergic neuron production and inhibited neurite outgrowth. Collectively, our findings indicate that Npas4 not only functions at the early stages of neural differentiation but may also, in part, contribute to neuronal subtype specification and neurite development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fong Chan Choy
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Thomas S Klarić
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Simon A Koblar
- School of Medicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Martin D Lewis
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia. .,South Australian Health & Medical Research Institute, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
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Díaz D, Gómez C, Muñoz-Castañeda R, Baltanás F, Alonso JR, Weruaga E. The Olfactory System as a Puzzle: Playing With Its Pieces. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2013; 296:1383-400. [DOI: 10.1002/ar.22748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- D. Díaz
- Laboratory of Neuronal Plasticity and Neurorepair; Institute for Neuroscience of Castile and Leon (INCyL), Universidad de Salamanca; Salamanca Spain
- Area of Gene and Cell Therapy; Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca, IBSAL; Salamanca Spain
| | - C. Gómez
- Laboratory of Neuronal Plasticity and Neurorepair; Institute for Neuroscience of Castile and Leon (INCyL), Universidad de Salamanca; Salamanca Spain
- Institute for Molecular and Cell Biology of the Cancer, IBMCC, CSIC-Universidad de Salamanca; Salamanca Spain
| | - R. Muñoz-Castañeda
- Laboratory of Neuronal Plasticity and Neurorepair; Institute for Neuroscience of Castile and Leon (INCyL), Universidad de Salamanca; Salamanca Spain
- Area of Gene and Cell Therapy; Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca, IBSAL; Salamanca Spain
| | - F. Baltanás
- Laboratory of Neuronal Plasticity and Neurorepair; Institute for Neuroscience of Castile and Leon (INCyL), Universidad de Salamanca; Salamanca Spain
- Institute for Molecular and Cell Biology of the Cancer, IBMCC, CSIC-Universidad de Salamanca; Salamanca Spain
| | - J. R. Alonso
- Laboratory of Neuronal Plasticity and Neurorepair; Institute for Neuroscience of Castile and Leon (INCyL), Universidad de Salamanca; Salamanca Spain
- Area of Gene and Cell Therapy; Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca, IBSAL; Salamanca Spain
- Institute for High Research, Universidad de Tarapacá; Arica Chile
| | - E. Weruaga
- Laboratory of Neuronal Plasticity and Neurorepair; Institute for Neuroscience of Castile and Leon (INCyL), Universidad de Salamanca; Salamanca Spain
- Area of Gene and Cell Therapy; Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca, IBSAL; Salamanca Spain
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