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Wu T, Li ST, Ran Y, Lin Y, Liu L, Zhang X, Zhou L, Zhang L, Wu D, Yang B, Tang S. Mapping protein direct interactome of oxidoreductases with small molecular chemical cross-linkers in live cells. Redox Biol 2023; 61:102642. [PMID: 36863169 PMCID: PMC9986639 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2023.102642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Identifying direct substrates of enzymes has been a long-term challenge. Here, we present a strategy using live cell chemical cross-linking and mass spectrometry to identify the putative substrates of enzymes for further biochemical validation. Compared with other methods, our strategy is based on the identification of cross-linked peptides supported by high-quality MS/MS spectra, which eliminates false-positive discoveries of indirect binders. Additionally, cross-linking sites allow the analysis of interaction interfaces, providing further information for substrate validation. We demonstrated this strategy by identifying direct substrates of thioredoxin in both E. coli and HEK293T cells using two bis-vinyl sulfone chemical cross-linkers BVSB and PDES. We confirmed that BVSB and PDES have high specificity in cross-linking the active site of thioredoxin with its substrates both in vitro and in live cells. Applying live cell cross-linking, we identified 212 putative substrates of thioredoxin in E. coli and 299 putative S-nitrosylation (SNO) substrates of thioredoxin in HEK293T cells. In addition to thioredoxin, we have shown that this strategy can be applied to other proteins in the thioredoxin superfamily. Based on these results, we believe future development of cross-linking techniques will further advance cross-linking mass spectrometry in identifying substrates of other classes of enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Wu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Shang-Tong Li
- Glbizzia Biosciences Co., Ltd, Beijing, 102601, China
| | - Yu Ran
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yinuo Lin
- Center for Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China; China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory on Biomedicine and Health, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China
| | - Lu Liu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Xiajun Zhang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Lianqi Zhou
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Long Zhang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Donghai Wu
- Center for Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China; China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory on Biomedicine and Health, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China
| | - Bing Yang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
| | - Shibing Tang
- Center for Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China; China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory on Biomedicine and Health, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China.
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Wang S, Tian C, Gao Z, Zhang B, Zhao L. Research status and trends of the diabetic cardiomyopathy in the past 10 years (2012–2021): A bibliometric analysis. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:1018841. [PMID: 36337893 PMCID: PMC9630656 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.1018841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Diabetic cardiomyopathy is one of the most life-threatening diabetic complications. However, the previous studies only discuss a particular aspect or characteristic of DCM, the current state and trends were explored by limited research. We aimed to perform a systemically bibliometric study of DCM research progress status in the past decade, visualize the internal conceptual structure and potential associations, and further explore the prospective study trends. Methods Articles related to DCM published from January 2012 to December 2021 were collected in the Web of Science core collection (WoSCC) database on June 24, 2022. We exported all bibliographic records, including titles, abstracts, keywords, authorship, institutions, addresses, publishing sources, references, citation times, and year of publication. In addition, the journal Impact Factor and Hirsch index were obtained from the Journal Citation Report. We conducted the data screening, statistical analysis, and visualization via the Bibliometrix R package. VOS viewer software was employed to generate the collaboration network map among countries and institutions for better performance in visualization. Results In total, 1,887 original research articles from 2012 to 2021 were identified. The number of annual publications rapidly increased from 107 to 278, and a drastic increase in citation times was observed in 2017–2019. As for global contributions, the United States was the most influential country with the highest international collaboration, while China was the most productive country. Professor Cai Lu was the most prolific author. Shandong University published the most articles. Cardiovascular Diabetology journal released the most DCM-related articles. “Metabolic Stress-induced Activation of FoxO1 Triggers Diabetic Cardiomyopathy in Mice” Battiprolu PK et al., J Clin Invest, 2012. was the most top-cited article regarding local citations. The top three keywords in terms of frequency were apoptosis, oxidative stress, and fibrosis. The analysis of future topic trends indicated that “Forkhead box protein O1,” “Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction,” “Dapagliflozin,” “Thioredoxin,” “Mitochondria dysfunction,” “Glucose,” “Pyroptosis,” “Cardiac fibroblast” and “Long non-coding RNA” could be promising hotspots. Conclusion This study provides meaningful insights into DCM, which is expected to assist cardiologists and endocrinologists in exploring frontiers and future research directions in the domain through a refined and concise summary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sicheng Wang
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chuanxi Tian
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Zezheng Gao
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Boxun Zhang
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Boxun Zhang,
| | - Linhua Zhao
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Linhua Zhao,
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Song QX, Sun Y, Deng K, Mei JY, Chermansky CJ, Damaser MS. Potential role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of diabetic bladder dysfunction. Nat Rev Urol 2022; 19:581-596. [PMID: 35974244 DOI: 10.1038/s41585-022-00621-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disease, posing a considerable threat to global public health. Treating systemic comorbidities has been one of the greatest clinical challenges in the management of diabetes. Diabetic bladder dysfunction, characterized by detrusor overactivity during the early stage of the disease and detrusor underactivity during the late stage, is a common urological complication of diabetes. Oxidative stress is thought to trigger hyperglycaemia-dependent tissue damage in multiple organs; thus, a growing body of literature has suggested a possible link between functional changes in urothelium, muscle and the corresponding innervations. Improved understanding of the mechanisms of oxidative stress could lead to the development of novel therapeutics to restore the redox equilibrium and scavenge excessive free radicals to normalize bladder function in patients with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi-Xiang Song
- Department of Urology, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Kangli Deng
- Department of Urology, Hubei Cancer Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jin-Yi Mei
- Department of Urology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Margot S Damaser
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA. .,Advanced Platform Technology Center, Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA. .,Glickman Urology and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.
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Mechanism of Erastin-Induced Ferroptosis in MDA-MB-231 Human Breast Cancer Cells: Evidence for a Critical Role of Protein Disulfide Isomerase. Mol Cell Biol 2022; 42:e0052221. [PMID: 35499331 PMCID: PMC9202373 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00522-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a form of regulated cell death resulting predominantly from catastrophic accumulation of lipid reactive oxygen species (ROS). While the antioxidant systems that counter ferroptosis have been well characterized, the mechanism underlying ferroptosis-associated accumulation of lipid ROS remains unclear. In this study, we demonstrated that protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) is a novel mediator of ferroptosis, which is responsible for the accumulation of lipid ROS and ultimately ferroptosis in MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells. Treatment with erastin led to a significant increase in inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS)-mediated nitric oxide production, which contributes to the accumulation of the death-inducing cellular lipid ROS. Small interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated PDI knockdown or pharmacological inhibition of PDI’s isomerase activity with cystamine strongly suppressed iNOS dimerization and its catalytic activation, subsequently prevented lipid ROS accumulation, and conferred strong protection against erastin-induced ferroptosis. Remarkably, PDI knockdown in MDA-MB-231 cells also largely abrogated the protective effect of cystamine against erastin-induced ferroptotic cell death. Together, these experimental observations demonstrate a noncanonical role of PDI in ferroptosis, which may serve as a potential therapeutic target for ferroptosis-related diseases.
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Mahmood F, Xu R, Awan MUN, Song Y, Han Q, Xia X, Zhang J. PDIA3: Structure, functions and its potential role in viral infections. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 143:112110. [PMID: 34474345 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The catalysis of disulphide (SS) bonds is the most important characteristic of protein disulphide isomerase (PDI) family. Catalysis occurs in the endoplasmic reticulum, which contains many proteins, most of which are secretory in nature and that have at least one s-s bond. Protein disulphide isomerase A3 (PDIA3) is a member of the PDI family that acts as a chaperone. PDIA3 is highly expressed in response to cellular stress, and also intercept the apoptotic cellular death related to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and protein misfolding. PDIA3 expression is elevated in almost 70% of cancers and its expression has been linked with overall low cell invasiveness, survival and metastasis. Viral diseases present a significant public health threat. The presence of PDIA3 on the cell surface helps different viruses to enter the cells and also helps in replication. Therefore, inhibitors of PDIA3 have great potential to interfere with viral infections. In this review, we summarize what is known about the basic structure, functions and role of PDIA3 in viral infections. The review will inspire studies of pathogenic mechanisms and drug targeting to counter viral diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faisal Mahmood
- Molecular Medicine Research Centre of Yunnan Province, Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, 727 Jingming South Road, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Ruixian Xu
- Molecular Medicine Research Centre of Yunnan Province, Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, 727 Jingming South Road, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Maher Un Nisa Awan
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Medical Faculty, Kunming University of Science and Technology, 727 Jingming South Road, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Yuzhu Song
- Molecular Medicine Research Centre of Yunnan Province, Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, 727 Jingming South Road, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Qinqin Han
- Molecular Medicine Research Centre of Yunnan Province, Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, 727 Jingming South Road, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Xueshan Xia
- Molecular Medicine Research Centre of Yunnan Province, Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, 727 Jingming South Road, Kunming 650500, China.
| | - Jinyang Zhang
- Molecular Medicine Research Centre of Yunnan Province, Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, 727 Jingming South Road, Kunming 650500, China.
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Mukai N, Nakayama Y, Abdali SA, Yoshioka J. Cardiomyocyte-specific Txnip C247S mutation improves left ventricular functional reserve in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2021; 321:H259-H274. [PMID: 34085839 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00174.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Underlying molecular mechanisms for the development of diabetic cardiomyopathy remain to be determined. Long-term exposure to hyperglycemia causes oxidative stress, which leads to cardiomyocyte dysfunction. Previous studies established the importance of thioredoxin-interacting protein (Txnip) in cellular redox homeostasis and glucose metabolism. Txnip is a highly glucose-responsive molecule that interacts with the catalytic center of reduced thioredoxin and inhibits the antioxidant function of thioredoxin. Here, we show that the molecular interaction between Txnip and thioredoxin plays a pivotal role in the regulation of redox balance in the diabetic myocardium. High glucose increased Txnip expression, decreased thioredoxin activities, and caused oxidative stress in cells. The Txnip-thioredoxin complex was detected in cells with overexpressing wild-type Txnip but not Txnip cysteine 247 to serine (C247S) mutant that disrupts the intermolecular disulfide bridge. Then, diabetes was induced in cardiomyocyte-specific Txnip C247S knock-in mice and their littermate control animals by injections of streptozotocin (STZ). Prolonged hyperglycemia upregulated myocardial Txnip expression in both genotypes. The absence of Txnip's inhibition of thioredoxin in Txnip C247S mutant hearts promoted mitochondrial antioxidative capacities in cardiomyocytes, thereby protecting the heart from oxidative damage by diabetes. Stress hemodynamic analysis uncovered that Txnip C247S knock-in hearts have a greater left ventricular contractile reserve than wild-type hearts under STZ-induced diabetic conditions. These results provide novel evidence that Txnip serves as a regulator of hyperglycemia-induced cardiomyocyte toxicities through direct inhibition of thioredoxin and identify the single cysteine residue in Txnip as a therapeutic target for diabetic injuries.NEW & NORTEWORTHY Thioredoxin-interacting protein (Txnip) has been of great interest as a molecular mechanism to mediate diabetic organ damage. Here, we provide novel evidence that a single mutation of Txnip confers a defense mechanism against myocardial oxidative stress in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. The results demonstrate the importance of Txnip as a cysteine-containing redox protein that regulates antioxidant thioredoxin via disulfide bond-switching mechanism and identify the cysteine in Txnip as a therapeutic target for diabetic cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuhiro Mukai
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, City University of New York School of Medicine, City College of New York, New York, New York
| | - Yoshinobu Nakayama
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, City University of New York School of Medicine, City College of New York, New York, New York
| | - Syed Amir Abdali
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, City University of New York School of Medicine, City College of New York, New York, New York
| | - Jun Yoshioka
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, City University of New York School of Medicine, City College of New York, New York, New York
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Nakayama Y, Mukai N, Wang BF, Yang K, Patwari P, Kitsis RN, Yoshioka J. Txnip C247S mutation protects the heart against acute myocardial infarction. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2021; 155:36-49. [PMID: 33652022 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2021.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Thioredoxin-interacting protein (Txnip) is a novel molecular target with translational potential in diverse human diseases. Txnip has several established cellular actions including binding to thioredoxin, a scavenger of reactive oxygen species (ROS). It has been long recognized from in vitro evidence that Txnip forms a disulfide bridge through cysteine 247 (C247) with reduced thioredoxin to inhibit the anti-oxidative properties of thioredoxin. However, the physiological significance of the Txnip-thioredoxin interaction remains largely undefined in vivo. OBJECTIVE A single mutation of Txnip, C247S, abolishes the binding of Txnip with thioredoxin. Using a conditional and inducible approach with a mouse model of a mutant Txnip that does not bind thioredoxin, we tested whether the interaction of thioredoxin with Txnip is required for Txnip's pro-oxidative or cytotoxic effects in the heart. METHODS AND RESULTS Overexpression of Txnip C247S in cells resulted in a reduction in ROS, due to an inability to inhibit thioredoxin. Hypoxia (1% O2, 24 h)-induced killing effects of Txnip were decreased by lower levels of cellular ROS in Txnip C247S-expressing cells compared with wild-type Txnip-expressing cells. Then, myocardial ischemic injuries were assessed in the animal model. Cardiomyocyte-specific Txnip C247S knock-in mice had better survival with smaller infarct size following myocardial infarction (MI) compared to control animals. The absence of Txnip's inhibition of thioredoxin promoted mitochondrial anti-oxidative capacities in cardiomyocytes, thereby protecting the heart from oxidative damage induced by MI. Furthermore, an unbiased RNA sequencing screen identified that hypoxia-inducible factor 1 signaling pathway was involved in Txnip C247S-mediated cardioprotective mechanisms. CONCLUSION Txnip is a cysteine-containing redox protein that robustly regulates the thioredoxin system via a disulfide bond-switching mechanism in adult cardiomyocytes. Our results provide the direct in vivo evidence that regulation of redox state by Txnip is a crucial component for myocardial homeostasis under ischemic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshinobu Nakayama
- Department of Molecular, Cellular & Biomedical Sciences, City University of New York School of Medicine, City College of New York, NY, New York, United States of America
| | - Nobuhiro Mukai
- Department of Molecular, Cellular & Biomedical Sciences, City University of New York School of Medicine, City College of New York, NY, New York, United States of America
| | - Bing F Wang
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Kristen Yang
- Department of Molecular, Cellular & Biomedical Sciences, City University of New York School of Medicine, City College of New York, NY, New York, United States of America
| | - Parth Patwari
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Richard N Kitsis
- Departments of Medicine and Cell Biology, Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States of America
| | - Jun Yoshioka
- Department of Molecular, Cellular & Biomedical Sciences, City University of New York School of Medicine, City College of New York, NY, New York, United States of America; Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America.
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Jastrząb A, Skrzydlewska E. Regulacja układu zależnego od tioredoksyny jako element farmakoterapii w chorobach z zaburzeniami równowagi redoks. POSTEP HIG MED DOSW 2021. [DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0014.6952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Streszczenie
Działanie wielu czynników egzogennych, a także zaburzone procesy metaboliczne komórek przyczyniają się do nasilonego wytwarzania oksydantów, a to zaburza równowagę redoks, wywołując zmiany metaboliczne, w tym śmierci lub transformacji nowotworowej komórek. Jednak każda komórka zawiera antyoksydanty, które mają zapobiegać tego typu sytuacjom. Jednym z układów antyoksydacyjnych, funkcjonujących w komórkach, jest układ zależny od tioredoksyny, w skład którego wchodzą: tioredoksyna (Trx), reduktaza tioredoksyny (TrxR) oraz peroksydaza tioredoksyny (TPx), które mogą redukować utlenione składniki komórek kosztem fosforanu dinukleotydu nikotynoamidoadeninowego (NADPH). Działanie takie wynika z budowy przestrzennej Trx oraz TrxR, która umożliwia wytworzenie wewnątrzcząsteczkowego mostka disulfidowego w obrębie cząsteczki tioredoksyny oraz dwóch międzycząsteczkowych mostków selenosulfidowych w obrębie dimeru reduktazy tioredoksyny. Inną, równie istotną funkcją układu zależnego od tioredoksyny jest regulowanie ekspresji wielu białek za pośrednictwem takich czynników jak czynnik transkrypcyjnego NF-κB oraz kinaza regulująca apoptozę (ASK-1), które uruchamiają kaskady przemian metabolicznych prowadzących ostatecznie do proliferacji lub apoptozy komórek. Wzrost ekspresji/aktywności składników systemu zależnego od Trx obserwuje się w rozwoju wielu nowotworów. Dlatego też poszukiwanie selektywnych inhibitorów tioredoksyny lub reduktazy tioredoksyny jest obecnie jednym z głównych kierunków badań w farmakoterapii nowotworów. Wykazano, że wiele naturalnie występujących związków polifenolowych pochodzenia naturalnego o działaniu antyoksydacyjnym (np. kwercetyna czy kurkumina) powoduje inaktywację układu Trx-TrxR. Jednocześnie wiele syntetycznych związków, w tym związki kompleksowe, które stosowane są w terapii przeciwnowotworowej (np. cisplatyna, auranofina, moteksafina gadolinu), również hamują działanie układu zależnego od Trx.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Jastrząb
- Zakład Chemii Nieorganicznej i Analitycznej , Uniwersytet Medyczny w Białymstoku
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Daiber A, Chlopicki S. Revisiting pharmacology of oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction in cardiovascular disease: Evidence for redox-based therapies. Free Radic Biol Med 2020; 157:15-37. [PMID: 32131026 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
According to the latest Global Burden of Disease Study data, non-communicable diseases in general and cardiovascular disease (CVD) in particular are the leading cause of premature death and reduced quality of life. Demographic shifts, unhealthy lifestyles and a higher burden of adverse environmental factors provide an explanation for these findings. The expected growing prevalence of CVD requires enhanced research efforts for identification and characterisation of novel therapeutic targets and strategies. Cardiovascular risk factors including classical (e.g. hypertension, diabetes, hypercholesterolaemia) and non-classical (e.g. environmental stress) factors induce the development of endothelial dysfunction, which is closely associated with oxidant stress and vascular inflammation and results in CVD, particularly in older adults. Most classically successful therapies for CVD display vasoprotective, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, but were originally designed with other therapeutic aims. So far, only a few 'redox drugs' are in clinical use and many antioxidant strategies have not met expectations. With the present review, we summarise the actual knowledge on CVD pathomechanisms, with special emphasis on endothelial dysfunction, adverse redox signalling and oxidative stress, highlighting the preclinical and clinical evidence. In addition, we provide a brief overview of established CVD therapies and their relation to endothelial dysfunction and oxidative stress. Finally, we discuss novel strategies for redox-based CVD therapies trying to explain why, despite a clear link between endothelial dysfunction and adverse redox signalling and oxidative stress, redox- and oxidative stress-based therapies have not yet provided a breakthrough in the treatment of endothelial dysfunction and CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Daiber
- The Center for Cardiology, Department of Cardiology 1, Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, University Medical Center, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany; The Partner Site Rhine-Main, German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Stefan Chlopicki
- The Jagiellonian University, Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Bobrzynskiego 14, 30-348, Krakow, Poland; Jagiellonian University Medical College, Grzegorzecka 16, 31-531, Krakow, Poland.
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10
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Hu Q, Huang K, Tao C, Zhu X. Protein disulphide isomerase can predict the clinical prognostic value and contribute to malignant progression in gliomas. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:5888-5900. [PMID: 32301283 PMCID: PMC7214159 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence from structural and functional studies has indicated that protein disulphide isomerase (PDI) has a critical role in the proliferation, survival and metastasis of several types of cancer. However, the molecular mechanisms through which PDI contributes to glioma remain unclear. Here, we aimed to investigate whether the differential expression of 17 PDI family members was closely related to the different clinicopathological features in gliomas from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas data sets. Additionally, four subgroups of gliomas (cluster 1/2/3/4) were identified based on consensus clustering of the PDI gene family. These findings not only demonstrated that a poorer prognosis, higher WHO grade, lower frequency of isocitrate dehydrogenase mutation and higher 1p/19q non‐codeletion status were significantly correlated with cluster 4 compared with the other clusters, but also indicated that the malignant progression of glioma was closely correlated with the expression of PDI family members. Moreover, we also constructed an independent prognostic marker that can predict the clinicopathological features of gliomas. Overall, the results indicated that PDI family members may serve as possible diagnostic markers in gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Hu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,East China Institute of Digital Medical Engineering, Shangrao, China
| | - Kai Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Chuming Tao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,East China Institute of Digital Medical Engineering, Shangrao, China
| | - Xingen Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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11
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Wang Z, Zhang H, Cheng Q. PDIA4: The basic characteristics, functions and its potential connection with cancer. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 122:109688. [PMID: 31794946 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Disulfide bond formation is catalyzed by the protein disulfide Isomerases (PDI) family. This is a critical step in protein folding which occurs within the endoplasmic reticulum. PDIA4, as a member of the PDI family, can cause the adjustment of αIIβ 3 affinities which activate platelet and promote thrombosis formation. Endoplasmic reticulum response is triggered by accumulation of abnormal folding proteins concomitant with increasing PDIA4 expression. Besides, current researches indicate that activated platelets and ERS response affect tumor progression. And PDIA4, as previous reported, also participates in tumor progression by affecting cell apoptosis and DNA repair machinery without specific mechanisms revealed.Therefore, PDI inhibitor might possess great potential value in against tumor progression. In this review, we summarize information on PDIA4 including its the basic characteristics and its implication on tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeyu Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, PR China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, PR China
| | - Quan Cheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, PR China; Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, PR China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Changsha 410008, PR China.
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12
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Lacerda D, Ortiz V, Türck P, Campos-Carraro C, Zimmer A, Teixeira R, Bianchi S, de Castro AL, Schenkel PC, Belló-Klein A, Bassani VL, da Rosa Araujo AS. Stilbenoid pterostilbene complexed with cyclodextrin preserves left ventricular function after myocardial infarction in rats: possible involvement of thiol proteins and modulation of phosphorylated GSK-3β. Free Radic Res 2018; 52:988-999. [PMID: 30203709 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2018.1506115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress alters signalling pathways for survival and cell death favouring the adverse remodelling of postmyocardial remnant cardiomyocytes, promoting functional impairment. The administration of pterostilbene (PTS), a phytophenol with antioxidant potential, can promote cardioprotection and represents a therapeutic alternative in acute myocardial infarction (AMI). The present study aims to explore the effects of oral administration of PTS complexed with hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin HPβCD (PTS:HPβCD complex) on the glutathione cycle, thiol protein activities and signalling pathways involving the protein kinase B (AKT) and glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) proteins in the left ventricle (LV) of infarcted rats. Animals were submitted to acute myocardial infarction through surgical ligation of the descending anterior branch of the left coronary artery and received over 8 days, by gavage, PTS:HPβCD complex at dose of 100 mg kg-1 day-1 (AMI + PTS group) or vehicle (aqueous solution with HPβCD) divided into Sham-operated (SHAM) and infarcted (AMI) groups. The results showed that the PBS: HPβCD complex decreased lipid peroxidation, prevented the decrease in thioredoxin reductase (TRxR) activity, and increased the activity of glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and glutaredoxin (GRx). Additionally, the expression of nuclear factor-erythroid two (Nrf2) and p-GSK-3β was increased, whereas the p-GSK-3β/GSK-3β ratio was reduced in the LV of the infarcted animals. Overall, the PTS:HPβCD complex modulates activity of thiol-dependent enzymes and induces to the expression of antioxidant proteins, improving systolic function and mitigating the adverse cardiac remodelling post infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise Lacerda
- a Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Farmacologia e Terapêutica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul , Porto Alegre , Brazil
| | - Vanessa Ortiz
- b Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Fisiologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul , Porto Alegre , Brazil
| | - Patrick Türck
- b Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Fisiologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul , Porto Alegre , Brazil
| | - Cristina Campos-Carraro
- b Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Fisiologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul , Porto Alegre , Brazil
| | - Alexsandra Zimmer
- b Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Fisiologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul , Porto Alegre , Brazil
| | - Rayane Teixeira
- b Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Fisiologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul , Porto Alegre , Brazil
| | - Sara Bianchi
- c Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul , Porto Alegre , Brazil
| | - Alexandre Luz de Castro
- b Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Fisiologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul , Porto Alegre , Brazil.,d Instituto de Ciências Básicas (ICB), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande , Porto Alegre , Brazil
| | - Paulo Cavalheiro Schenkel
- b Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Fisiologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul , Porto Alegre , Brazil
| | - Adriane Belló-Klein
- b Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Fisiologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul , Porto Alegre , Brazil
| | - Valquiria Linck Bassani
- c Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul , Porto Alegre , Brazil
| | - Alex Sander da Rosa Araujo
- a Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Farmacologia e Terapêutica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul , Porto Alegre , Brazil.,b Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Fisiologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul , Porto Alegre , Brazil
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13
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Zuo H, Yuan J, Yang L, Zheng J, Weng S, He J, Xu X. Identification of the thioredoxin-related protein of 14 kDa (TRP14) from Litopenaeus vannamei and its role in immunity. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 80:514-520. [PMID: 29964195 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.06.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Revised: 06/17/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The thioredoxin system plays essential roles in maintenance and regulation of the redox state of cysteine residues in cellular proteins. The thioredoxin-related protein of 14 kDa (TRP14) is an important member of the TRX superfamily which acts on various substrate proteins, some of which are not overlapped with those of thioredoxin. The knowledge on the function of TRP14 in invertebrates is limited to date. In this study, a TRP14 gene was identified from Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei (LvTRP14) and its role in immune responses was investigated. We demonstrated that the expression level of LvTRP14 was high in hepatopancreas and intestine, low in eyestalk, and medium in other tissues of healthy shrimp. The transcription of LvTRP14 in vivo was significantly down-regulated in Relish-silencing shrimp but up-regulated in STAT-silencing shrimp, indicating a complex regulation of LvTRP14 expression. Although the LvTRP14 expression showed little change after immune stimulation with different type of pathogens, knockdown of LvTRP14 expression using RNAi strategy could significantly facilitate the infection of white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) and Vibrio parahaemolyticus in shrimp. Dual luciferase reporter assays demonstrated that LvTRP14 enhanced the transcription factor activity of Relish but attenuated that of Dorsal. Furthermore, silencing of LvTRP14 in vivo had opposite effects on expression of different type of antimicrobial peptides. These suggested that LvTRP14 could play a complex role in shrimp immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongliang Zuo
- MOE Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Safety, State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China; Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Provice Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China; South China Sea Bio-Resource Exploitation and Utilization Collaborative Innovation Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Jia Yuan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Safety, State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China; Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Provice Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Linwei Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Safety, State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China; Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Provice Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Jiefu Zheng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Safety, State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China; Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Provice Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Shaoping Weng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Safety, State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China; Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Provice Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Jianguo He
- MOE Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Safety, State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China; Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Provice Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China; South China Sea Bio-Resource Exploitation and Utilization Collaborative Innovation Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Xiaopeng Xu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Safety, State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China; Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Provice Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China; South China Sea Bio-Resource Exploitation and Utilization Collaborative Innovation Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China.
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14
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Abstract
The protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) family is a group of multifunctional endoplasmic reticulum (ER) enzymes that mediate the formation of disulfide bonds, catalyze the cysteine-based redox reactions and assist the quality control of client proteins. Recent structural and functional studies have demonstrated that PDI members not only play an essential role in the proteostasis in the ER but also exert diverse effects in numerous human disorders including cancer and neurodege-nerative diseases. Increasing evidence suggests that PDI is actively involved in the proliferation, survival, and metastasis of several types of cancer cells. Although the molecular mechanism by which PDI contributes to tumorigenesis and metastasis remains to be understood, PDI is now emerging as a new therapeutic target for cancer treatment. In fact, several attempts have been made to develop PDI inhibitors as anti-cancer drugs. In this review, we discuss the properties and diverse functions of human PDI proteins and focus on recent findings regarding their roles in the state of diseases including cancer and neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunyoug Lee
- Department of Bio and Environmental Technology, Seoul Women's University, Seoul 01797, Korea
| | - Do Hee Lee
- Department of Bio and Environmental Technology, Seoul Women's University, Seoul 01797, Korea
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15
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Xiao Y, Li C, Gu M, Wang H, Chen W, Luo G, Yang G, Zhang Z, Zhang Y, Xian G, Li Z, Sheng P. Protein Disulfide Isomerase Silence Inhibits Inflammatory Functions of Macrophages by Suppressing Reactive Oxygen Species and NF-κB Pathway. Inflammation 2018; 41:614-625. [DOI: 10.1007/s10753-017-0717-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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16
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Yang CL, Wang J, Zou LL. Innate immune evasion strategies against Cryptococcal meningitis caused by Cryptococcus neoformans. Exp Ther Med 2017; 14:5243-5250. [PMID: 29285049 PMCID: PMC5740712 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.5220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
As an infectious fungus that affects the respiratory tract, Cryptococcus neoformans (C. neoformans) commonly causes asymptomatic pulmonary infection. C. neoformans may target the brain instead of the lungs and cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) in the early phase of infection; however, this is dependent on successful evasion of the host innate immune system. During the initial stage of fungal infection, a complex network of innate immune factors are activated. C. neoformans utilizes a number of strategies to overcome the anti-fungal mechanisms of the host innate immune system and cross the BBB. In the present review, the defensive mechanisms of C. neoformans against the innate immune system and its ability to cross the BBB were discussed, with an emphasis on recent insights into the activities of anti-phagocytotic and anti-oxidative factors in C. neoformans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Liang Yang
- Translational Neuroscience and Neural Regeneration and Repair Institute, The First Hospital of Yichang, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei 443002, P.R. China.,Institute of Cell Therapy, The First Hospital of Yichang, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei 443002, P.R. China
| | - Jun Wang
- Translational Neuroscience and Neural Regeneration and Repair Institute, The First Hospital of Yichang, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei 443002, P.R. China.,Institute of Cell Therapy, The First Hospital of Yichang, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei 443002, P.R. China
| | - Li-Li Zou
- Translational Neuroscience and Neural Regeneration and Repair Institute, The First Hospital of Yichang, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei 443002, P.R. China.,Institute of Cell Therapy, The First Hospital of Yichang, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei 443002, P.R. China.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei 443002, P.R. China
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17
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Ping S, Liu S, Zhou Y, Li Z, Li Y, Liu K, Bardeesi AS, Wang L, Chen J, Deng L, Wang J, Wang H, Chen D, Zhang Z, Sheng P, Li C. Protein disulfide isomerase-mediated apoptosis and proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells induced by mechanical stress and advanced glycosylation end products result in diabetic mouse vein graft atherosclerosis. Cell Death Dis 2017; 8:e2818. [PMID: 28542133 PMCID: PMC5520728 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2017.213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Revised: 03/12/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) involves cell survival and death. Whether PDI mediates mechanical stretch stress (SS) and/or advanced glycosylation end products (AGEs) -triggered simultaneous increases in proliferation and apoptosis of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) is unknown. Here, we hypothesized that different expression levels of PDI trigger completely opposite cell fates among the different VSMC subtypes. Mouse veins were grafted into carotid arteries of non-diabetic and diabetic mice for 8 weeks; the grafted veins underwent simultaneous increases in proliferation and apoptosis, which triggered vein graft arterializations in non-diabetic or atherosclerosis in diabetic mice. A higher rate of proliferation and apoptosis was seen in the diabetic group. SS and/or AGEs stimulated the quiescent cultured VSMCs, resulting in simultaneous increases in proliferation and apoptosis; they could induce increased PDI activation and expression. Both in vivo and in vitro, the proliferating VSMCs indicated weak co-expression of PDI and SM-α-actin while apoptotic or dead cells showed strong co-expression of both. Either SS or AGEs rapidly upregulated the expression of PDI, NOX1 and ROS, and their combination had synergistic effects. Inhibiting PDI simultaneously suppressed the proliferation and apoptosis of VSMCs, while inhibition of SM-α-actin with cytochalasin D led to increased apoptosis and cleaved caspases-3 but had no effect on proliferation. In conclusion, different expression levels of PDI in VSMCs induced by SS and/or AGEs triggered a simultaneous increase in proliferation and apoptosis, accelerated vein graft arterializations or atherosclerosis, leading us to propose PDI as a novel target for the treatment of vascular remodeling and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suning Ping
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shuying Liu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuhuan Zhou
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ziqing Li
- Department of Joint Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuhuang Li
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Kefeng Liu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Adham Sa Bardeesi
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Linli Wang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jingbo Chen
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Lie Deng
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jingjing Wang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hong Wang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Dadi Chen
- Experimental Center for Basic Medical Teaching, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhengyu Zhang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medicine, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Puyi Sheng
- Department of Joint Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Chaohong Li
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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