1
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Zhang T, Luo X, Jing L, Mo C, Guo H, Yang S, Wang Y, Zhao K, Lai Y, Liu Y. Toosendanin inhibits T-cell proliferation through the P38 MAPK signalling pathway. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 973:176562. [PMID: 38588767 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, immunosuppressants have shown significant success in the treatment of autoimmune diseases. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop additional immunosuppressants that offer more options for patients. Toosendanin has been shown to have immunosuppressive activity in vitro as well as effects on autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) in vivo. Toosendanin did not induce apoptosis in activated T-cells and affect the survival rate of naive T-cells. Toosendanin did not affect the expression of CD25 or secretion of IL-2 by activated T-cells, and not affect the expression of IL-4 and INF-γ. Toosendanin did not affect the phosphorylation of STAT5, ERK, AKT, P70S6K. However, toosendanin inhibited proliferation of anti-CD3/anti-CD28 mAbs-activated T-cells with IC50 of (10 ± 2.02) nM. Toosendanin arrested the cell cycle in the G0/G1 phase, significantly inhibited IL-6 and IL-17A secretion, promoted IL-10 expression, and inhibited the P38 MAPK pathway. Finally, toosendanin significantly alleviated ConA-induced AIH in mice. In Summary, toosendanin exhibited immunosuppressive activity in vivo and in vitro. Toosendanin inhibits the proliferation of activated T-cells through the P38 MAPK signalling pathway, significantly suppresses the expression of inflammatory factors, enhances the expression of anti-inflammatory factors, and effectively alleviates ConA-induced AIH in mice, suggesting that toosendanin may be a lead compound for the development of novel immunomodulatory agents with improved efficacy and reduced toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, 610500, Sichuan, People's Republic of China; School of Pharmacy, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, 610500, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingyan Luo
- Research Center, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, 610500, Sichuan, People's Republic of China; Development and Regeneration Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, 610500, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Jing
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Special Biomedicine, School of Medicine, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunfen Mo
- Research Center, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, 610500, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Huijie Guo
- Research Center, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, 610500, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuxia Yang
- Research Center, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, 610500, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yantang Wang
- Research Center, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, 610500, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ketian Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, 610500, Sichuan, People's Republic of China; Research Center, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, 610500, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Lai
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, 610500, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, 610500, Sichuan, People's Republic of China; School of Pharmacy, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, 610500, Sichuan, People's Republic of China; Development and Regeneration Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, 610500, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
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2
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Wang Z, Wang H, Lin S, Angers S, Sargent EH, Kelley SO. Phenotypic targeting using magnetic nanoparticles for rapid characterization of cellular proliferation regulators. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadj1468. [PMID: 38718125 PMCID: PMC11078187 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adj1468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Genome-wide CRISPR screens have provided a systematic way to identify essential genetic regulators of a phenotype of interest with single-cell resolution. However, most screens use live/dead readout of viability to identify factors of interest. Here, we describe an approach that converts cell proliferation into the degree of magnetization, enabling downstream microfluidic magnetic sorting to be performed. We performed a head-to-head comparison and verified that the magnetic workflow can identify the same hits from a traditional screen while reducing the screening period from 4 weeks to 1 week. Taking advantage of parallelization and performance, we screened multiple mesenchymal cancer cell lines for their dependency on cell proliferation. We found and validated pan- and cell-specific potential therapeutic targets. The method presented provides a nanoparticle-enabled approach means to increase the breadth of data collected in CRISPR screens, enabling the rapid discovery of drug targets for treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongjie Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, McCormick School of Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto M5S 3M2, Canada
| | - Hansen Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto M5S 3M2, Canada
| | - Sichun Lin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto M5S 3M2, Canada
- Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular & Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Stephane Angers
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto M5S 3M2, Canada
- Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular & Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Edward H. Sargent
- The Edward S. Rogers Sr. Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto M5S 3G4, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, Weinberg College of Arts and Science, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, McCormick School of Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Shana O. Kelley
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, McCormick School of Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto M5S 3M2, Canada
- The Edward S. Rogers Sr. Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto M5S 3G4, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, Weinberg College of Arts and Science, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Simpson Querrey Institute, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
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3
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Desmurget C, Frentzel J, Strembitska A, Sobkowiak K, Perilleux A, Souquet J, Borth N, Douet J. Combined approach of selective and accelerated cloning for microfluidic chip-based system increases clone specific productivity. Biotechnol J 2024; 19:e2300488. [PMID: 38803036 DOI: 10.1002/biot.202300488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Improving current cell line development workflows can either focus on increasing the specific productivity of the cell lines or shortening timelines to reach the clinic as fast as possible. In this work, using the Beacon platform, we have combined two distinct protocols - early cloning with low-viability pools, and IgG membrane staining-, to concomitantly reach both objectives, and generate highly productive CHO clones in shorter timelines. Fast-sorting approaches using low-viability pools in combination with the Beacon platform have recently been reported to shorten CLD timelines. However, the low recovery led to a drastic reduction in the clone number obtained postcloning. Here, we report a combined approach of fast-sorting and fluorescent membrane staining. With this new protocol, the cells reach a correct recovery, allowing to fully exploit the Beacon screening capacities. In addition, by using a fluorescent staining recognizing the secreted IgG, we were able to enrich the fraction of highly secreting cells prior to cloning and we obtained significant increases in the cell's specific productivity. The combination of these two protocols has a synergistic effect, and as they help discarding the dead and nonproducing populations prior to cloning, they increase the throughput power of the Beacon platform and the detection of super productive clones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Desmurget
- Merck Biotech Development Center, Ares Trading SA (an affiliate of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany), Fenil-sur-Corsier, Switzerland
| | - Julie Frentzel
- Merck Biotech Development Center, Ares Trading SA (an affiliate of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany), Fenil-sur-Corsier, Switzerland
| | - Anastasiya Strembitska
- Merck Biotech Development Center, Ares Trading SA (an affiliate of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany), Fenil-sur-Corsier, Switzerland
| | - Katarzyna Sobkowiak
- Merck Biotech Development Center, Ares Trading SA (an affiliate of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany), Fenil-sur-Corsier, Switzerland
| | - Arnaud Perilleux
- Merck Biotech Development Center, Ares Trading SA (an affiliate of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany), Fenil-sur-Corsier, Switzerland
| | - Jonathan Souquet
- Merck Biotech Development Center, Ares Trading SA (an affiliate of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany), Fenil-sur-Corsier, Switzerland
| | - Nicole Borth
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Julien Douet
- Merck Biotech Development Center, Ares Trading SA (an affiliate of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany), Fenil-sur-Corsier, Switzerland
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4
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Verbist W, Breukers J, Sharma S, Rutten I, Gerstmans H, Coelmont L, Dal Dosso F, Dallmeier K, Lammertyn J. SeParate: multiway fluorescence-activated droplet sorting based on integration of serial and parallel triaging concepts. LAB ON A CHIP 2024; 24:2107-2121. [PMID: 38450543 DOI: 10.1039/d3lc01075a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Fluorescence-activated droplet sorting (FADS) has emerged as a versatile high-throughput sorting tool that is, unlike most fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) platforms, capable of sorting droplet-compartmentalized cells, cell secretions, entire enzymatic reactions and more. Recently, multiplex FADS platforms have been developed for the sorting of multi-fluorophore populations towards different outlets in addition to the standard, more commonly used, 2-way FADS platform. These multiplex FADS platforms consist of either multiple 2-way junctions one after the other (i.e. serial sorters) or of one junction sorting droplets in more than 2 outlets (i.e. parallel sorters). In this work, we present SeParate, a novel platform based on integrating s̲e̲rial and p̲a̲r̲allel sorting principles for accura̲t̲e̲ multiplex droplet sorting that is able to mitigate limitations of current multiplex sorters. We show the SeParate platform and its capability in highly accurate 4-way sorting of a multi-fluorophore population into four subpopulations with the potential to expand to more. More specifically, the SeParate platform was thoroughly validated using mixed populations of fluorescent beads and picoinjected droplets, yielding sorting accuracies up to 100% and 99.9%, respectively. Finally, transfected HEK-293T cells were sorted employing two different optical setups, resulting in an accuracy up to 99.5%. SeParate's high accuracy for a diverse set of samples, including highly variable biological specimens, together with its scalability beyond the demonstrated 4-way sorting, warrants a broad applicability for multi-fluorophore studies in life sciences, environmental sciences and others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wannes Verbist
- Department of Biosystems - Biosensors Group, KU Leuven, Willem de Croylaan 42, Box 2428, 3001 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Jolien Breukers
- Department of Biosystems - Biosensors Group, KU Leuven, Willem de Croylaan 42, Box 2428, 3001 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Sapna Sharma
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Molecular Vaccinology and Vaccine Discovery, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Iene Rutten
- Department of Biosystems - Biosensors Group, KU Leuven, Willem de Croylaan 42, Box 2428, 3001 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Hans Gerstmans
- Department of Biosystems - Biosensors Group, KU Leuven, Willem de Croylaan 42, Box 2428, 3001 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Lotte Coelmont
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Molecular Vaccinology and Vaccine Discovery, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Francesco Dal Dosso
- Department of Biosystems - Biosensors Group, KU Leuven, Willem de Croylaan 42, Box 2428, 3001 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Kai Dallmeier
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Molecular Vaccinology and Vaccine Discovery, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jeroen Lammertyn
- Department of Biosystems - Biosensors Group, KU Leuven, Willem de Croylaan 42, Box 2428, 3001 Leuven, Belgium.
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5
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Kwok SJJ, Forward S, Fahlberg MD, Assita ER, Cosgriff S, Lee SH, Abbott GR, Zhu H, Minasian NH, Vote AS, Martino N, Yun SH. High-dimensional multi-pass flow cytometry via spectrally encoded cellular barcoding. Nat Biomed Eng 2024; 8:310-324. [PMID: 38036616 DOI: 10.1038/s41551-023-01144-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Advances in immunology, immuno-oncology, drug discovery and vaccine development demand improvements in the capabilities of flow cytometry to allow it to measure more protein markers per cell at multiple timepoints. However, the size of panels of fluorophore markers is limited by overlaps in fluorescence-emission spectra, and flow cytometers typically perform cell measurements at one timepoint. Here we describe multi-pass high-dimensional flow cytometry, a method leveraging cellular barcoding via microparticles emitting near-infrared laser light to track and repeatedly measure each cell using more markers and fewer colours. By using live human peripheral blood mononuclear cells, we show that the method enables the time-resolved characterization of the same cells before and after stimulation, their analysis via a 10-marker panel with minimal compensation for spectral spillover and their deep immunophenotyping via a 32-marker panel, where the same cells are analysed in 3 back-to-back cycles with 10-13 markers per cycle, reducing overall spillover and simplifying marker-panel design. Cellular barcoding in flow cytometry extends the utility of the technique for high-dimensional multi-pass single-cell analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Han Zhu
- LASE Innovation Inc., Woburn, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Nicola Martino
- Harvard Medical School and Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Seok-Hyun Yun
- Harvard Medical School and Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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6
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Choudhury FK, Premkumar V, Zecha J, Boyd J, Gaynor AS, Guo Z, Martin T, Cimbro R, Allman EL, Hess S. Multiomics Characterization of a Less Invasive Microfluidic-Based Cell Sorting Technique. J Proteome Res 2024. [PMID: 38417049 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.3c00773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
Fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) is a specialized technique to isolate specific cell subpopulations with a high level of recovery and accuracy. However, the cell sorting procedure can impact the viability and metabolic state of cells. Here, we performed a comparative study and evaluated the impact of traditional high-pressure charged droplet-based and microfluidic chip-based sorting on the metabolic and phosphoproteomic profile of different cell types. While microfluidic chip-based sorted cells more closely resembled the unsorted control group for most cell types tested, the droplet-based sorted cells showed significant metabolic and phosphoproteomic alterations. In particular, greater changes in redox and energy status were present in cells sorted with the droplet-based cell sorter along with larger shifts in proteostasis. 13C-isotope tracing analysis on cells recovering postsorting revealed that the sorter-induced suppression of mitochondrial TCA cycle activity recovered faster in the microfluidic chip-based sorted group. Apart from this, amino acid and lipid biosynthesis pathways were suppressed in sorted cells, with minimum impact and faster recovery in the microfluidic chip-based sorted group. These results indicate microfluidic chip-based sorting has a minimum impact on metabolism and is less disruptive compared to droplet-based sorting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feroza K Choudhury
- Dynamic Omics, Centre for Genomics Research (CGR), Discovery Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20878, United States
| | - Viji Premkumar
- Dynamic Omics, Centre for Genomics Research (CGR), Discovery Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20878, United States
| | - Jana Zecha
- Dynamic Omics, Centre for Genomics Research (CGR), Discovery Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20878, United States
| | - Jonathan Boyd
- Dynamic Omics, Centre for Genomics Research (CGR), Discovery Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20878, United States
| | - Andrew S Gaynor
- Oncology Cell Therapy, ICC, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20878, United States
| | - Zengli Guo
- Biologics Engineering, Cell Therapeutics and Viral Technologies, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20878, United States
| | - Tom Martin
- Biologics Engineering, Oncology TTD, ADC, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20878, United States
| | - Raffaello Cimbro
- Dynamic Omics, Centre for Genomics Research (CGR), Discovery Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB2 0AA, United Kingdom
| | - Erik L Allman
- Dynamic Omics, Centre for Genomics Research (CGR), Discovery Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20878, United States
| | - Sonja Hess
- Dynamic Omics, Centre for Genomics Research (CGR), Discovery Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20878, United States
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7
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Raj A, Ramirez K, Young KM, Stone N, Shankles P, Ali MNR, Compton AM, Lam W, Alexeev A, Sulchek T. Label-free microfluidic isolation of functional and viable lymphocytes from peripheral blood mononuclear cells. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2023; 17:054102. [PMID: 37736019 PMCID: PMC10511259 DOI: 10.1063/5.0161047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
The separation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) into constituent blood cell types is a vital step to obtain immune cells for autologous cell therapies. The ability to separate PBMCs using label-free microfluidic techniques, based on differences in biomechanical properties, can have a number of benefits over other conventional techniques, including lower cost, ease of use, and avoidance of animal-derived labeling antibodies. Here, we report a microfluidic device that uses compressive diagonal ridges to separate PBMCs into highly pure samples of viable and functional lymphocytes. The technique utilizes the differences in the biophysical properties of PBMC sub-populations to direct the lymphocytes and monocytes into separate outlets. The biophysical properties of the monocytes and lymphocytes from healthy donors were first characterized using atomic force microscopy. Lymphocytes were found to be significantly stiffer than monocytes, with a mean cell stiffness of 1495 and 931 Pa, respectively. The differences in biophysical properties resulted in distinct trajectories through the microchannel terminating at different outlets, resulting in a lymphocyte sample with purity and viability both greater than 96% with no effect on the cells' ability to produce interferon gamma, a cytokine crucial for innate and adaptive immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Raj
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 801 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0405, USA
| | - Katily Ramirez
- School of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, 901 Atlantic Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400, USA
| | - Katherine M. Young
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 313 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0535, USA
| | - Nicholas Stone
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 801 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0405, USA
| | - Peter Shankles
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 801 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0405, USA
| | - Mehdia Nadeem Rajab Ali
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 313 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0535, USA
| | - Anthony Malik Compton
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 313 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0535, USA
| | | | - Alexander Alexeev
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 801 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0405, USA
| | - Todd Sulchek
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed:
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8
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Roškar Z, Dreisinger M, Tič P, Homšak E, Bevc S, Goropevšek A. New Flow Cytometric Methods for Monitoring STAT5 Signaling Reveal Responses to SARS-CoV-2 Antigen-Specific Stimulation in FOXP3+ Regulatory T Cells also in Patients with Advanced Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:bios13050539. [PMID: 37232900 DOI: 10.3390/bios13050539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Increased frequency of CD4+CD25+ regulatory T-cells (Treg) has been associated with disease progression in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Flow cytometric methods, which allow for the simultaneous analysis of their specific transcription factor Foxp3 and activated STAT proteins, together with proliferation can help to elucidate the signaling mechanisms driving Treg expansion and suppression of FOXP3- conventional CD4+T-cells (Tcon). Herein, we first report a novel approach in which STAT5 phosphorylation (pSTAT5) and proliferation (BrdU-FITC incorporation) could be analyzed specifically in FOXP3+ and FOXP3- responding cells after CD3/CD28 stimulation. The addition of magnetically purified CD4+CD25+ T-cells from healthy donors to cocultured autologous CD4+CD25- T-cells resulted in suppression of Tcon cell cycle progression accompanied by a decrease in pSTAT5. Next, a method using imaging flow cytometry is presented for the detection of cytokine-dependent pSTAT5 nuclear translocation in FOXP3-expressing cells. Finally, we discuss our experimental data obtained by combining Treg pSTAT5 analysis and antigen-specific stimulation with SARS-CoV-2 antigens. Applying these methods on samples from patients revealed Treg responses to antigen-specific stimulation and significantly higher basal pSTAT5 in CLL patients treated with immunochemotherapy. Thus, we speculate that through the use of this pharmacodynamic tool, the efficacy of immunosuppressive drugs and their possible off-target effects can be assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zlatko Roškar
- Department of Haematology, University Medical Centre Maribor, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Mojca Dreisinger
- Department of Haematology, University Medical Centre Maribor, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Primož Tič
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, University Medical Centre Maribor, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Evgenija Homšak
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, University Medical Centre Maribor, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Sebastjan Bevc
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
- Department of Nephrology, University Medical Center Maribor, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Aleš Goropevšek
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, University Medical Centre Maribor, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
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9
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Swietlik JJ, Bärthel S, Falcomatà C, Fink D, Sinha A, Cheng J, Ebner S, Landgraf P, Dieterich DC, Daub H, Saur D, Meissner F. Cell-selective proteomics segregates pancreatic cancer subtypes by extracellular proteins in tumors and circulation. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2642. [PMID: 37156840 PMCID: PMC10167354 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38171-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell-selective proteomics is a powerful emerging concept to study heterocellular processes in tissues. However, its high potential to identify non-cell-autonomous disease mechanisms and biomarkers has been hindered by low proteome coverage. Here, we address this limitation and devise a comprehensive azidonorleucine labeling, click chemistry enrichment, and mass spectrometry-based proteomics and secretomics strategy to dissect aberrant signals in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Our in-depth co-culture and in vivo analyses cover more than 10,000 cancer cell-derived proteins and reveal systematic differences between molecular PDAC subtypes. Secreted proteins, such as chemokines and EMT-promoting matrisome proteins, associated with distinct macrophage polarization and tumor stromal composition, differentiate classical and mesenchymal PDAC. Intriguingly, more than 1,600 cancer cell-derived proteins including cytokines and pre-metastatic niche formation-associated factors in mouse serum reflect tumor activity in circulation. Our findings highlight how cell-selective proteomics can accelerate the discovery of diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan J Swietlik
- Experimental Systems Immunology, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Stefanie Bärthel
- Division of Translational Cancer Research, German Cancer Research Center and German Cancer Consortium, Heidelberg, Germany
- Chair of Translational Cancer Research and Institute of Experimental Cancer Therapy, University Hospital Rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Center for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Chiara Falcomatà
- Division of Translational Cancer Research, German Cancer Research Center and German Cancer Consortium, Heidelberg, Germany
- Chair of Translational Cancer Research and Institute of Experimental Cancer Therapy, University Hospital Rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Center for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Diana Fink
- Institute of Innate Immunity, Department of Systems Immunology and Proteomics, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Ankit Sinha
- Department of Proteomics and Signal Transduction, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Jingyuan Cheng
- Experimental Systems Immunology, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Stefan Ebner
- Institute of Innate Immunity, Department of Systems Immunology and Proteomics, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Peter Landgraf
- Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Daniela C Dieterich
- Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
- Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Henrik Daub
- NEOsphere Biotechnologies GmbH, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Dieter Saur
- Division of Translational Cancer Research, German Cancer Research Center and German Cancer Consortium, Heidelberg, Germany.
- Chair of Translational Cancer Research and Institute of Experimental Cancer Therapy, University Hospital Rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
- Center for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
| | - Felix Meissner
- Experimental Systems Immunology, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany.
- Institute of Innate Immunity, Department of Systems Immunology and Proteomics, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
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10
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Sun A, He X, Jiang Z, Kong Y, Wang S, Liu C. Phase flow cytometry with coherent modulation imaging. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2023:e202300057. [PMID: 37039822 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202300057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Label-free imaging and identification of fast-moving cells is a very challenging task. A kind of phase flow cytometry using coherent modulation imaging was proposed to realize label-free imaging and identification on fast-moving cells with compact optical alignment and high accuracy. Phase image of cells under inspection could be computed qualitatively from their diffraction patterns at the accuracy of about 0.01 wavelength and the resolution of about 1.23 μm and the view field of 0.126 mm2 . Since the imaging system was mainly composed by a piece of random phase plate a detector without using commonly adopted reference beam and corresponding complex optical alignment, this method has much compacter optical structure and much higher tolerance capability to environmental instability in comparison with other kinds of phase flow cytometry. Current experimental results prove it could be an efficient optical tool for label-free tumor cell detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aihui Sun
- Department of Optoelectronic Information Science and Engineering, School of Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoliang He
- Department of Optoelectronic Information Science and Engineering, School of Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhilong Jiang
- Department of Optoelectronic Information Science and Engineering, School of Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yan Kong
- Department of Optoelectronic Information Science and Engineering, School of Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shouyu Wang
- Department of Optoelectronic Information Science and Engineering, School of Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Cheng Liu
- Department of Optoelectronic Information Science and Engineering, School of Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
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11
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Nagai H, Miwa A, Yoneda K, Fujisawa K, Takami T. Optimizing the Seeding Density of Human Mononuclear Cells to Improve the Purity of Highly Proliferative Mesenchymal Stem Cells. BIOENGINEERING (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:bioengineering10010102. [PMID: 36671674 PMCID: PMC9855129 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10010102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) hold considerable promise for regenerative medicine. Optimization of the seeding density of mononuclear cells (MNCs) improves the proliferative and differentiation potential of isolated MSCs. However, the underlying mechanism is unclear. We cultured human bone marrow MNCs at various seeding densities (4.0 × 104, 1.25 × 105, 2.5 × 105, 6.0 × 105, 1.25 × 106 cells/cm2) and examined MSC colony formation. At lower seeding densities (4.0 × 104, 1.25 × 105 cells/cm2), colonies varied in diameter and density, from dense to sparse. In these colonies, the proportion of highly proliferative MSCs increased over time. In contrast, lower proliferative MSCs enlarged more rapidly. Senescent cells were removed using a short detachment treatment. We found that these mechanisms increase the purity of highly proliferative MSCs. Thereafter, we compared MSCs isolated under optimized conditions with a higher density (1.25 × 106 cells/cm2). MSCs under optimized conditions exhibited significantly higher proliferative and differentiation potential into adipocytes and chondrocytes, except for osteocytes. We propose the following conditions to improve MSC quality: (1) optimizing MNC seeding density to form single-cell colonies; (2) adjusting incubation times to increase highly proliferative MSCs; and (3) establishing a detachment processing time that excludes senescent cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Nagai
- Shibuya Corporation, Kanazawa 920-8681, Ishikawa, Japan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Health Science, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube 755-8505, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Akihiro Miwa
- Shibuya Corporation, Kanazawa 920-8681, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Kenji Yoneda
- Shibuya Corporation, Kanazawa 920-8681, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Koichi Fujisawa
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yamaguchi University School of Medicine, Ube 755-8505, Yamaguchi, Japan
- Department of Environmental Oncology, Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu 807-8555, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Taro Takami
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yamaguchi University School of Medicine, Ube 755-8505, Yamaguchi, Japan
- Correspondence:
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12
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Mukherjee P, Park SH, Pathak N, Patino CA, Bao G, Espinosa HD. Integrating Micro and Nano Technologies for Cell Engineering and Analysis: Toward the Next Generation of Cell Therapy Workflows. ACS NANO 2022; 16:15653-15680. [PMID: 36154011 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c05494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The emerging field of cell therapy offers the potential to treat and even cure a diverse array of diseases for which existing interventions are inadequate. Recent advances in micro and nanotechnology have added a multitude of single cell analysis methods to our research repertoire. At the same time, techniques have been developed for the precise engineering and manipulation of cells. Together, these methods have aided the understanding of disease pathophysiology, helped formulate corrective interventions at the cellular level, and expanded the spectrum of available cell therapeutic options. This review discusses how micro and nanotechnology have catalyzed the development of cell sorting, cellular engineering, and single cell analysis technologies, which have become essential workflow components in developing cell-based therapeutics. The review focuses on the technologies adopted in research studies and explores the opportunities and challenges in combining the various elements of cell engineering and single cell analysis into the next generation of integrated and automated platforms that can accelerate preclinical studies and translational research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prithvijit Mukherjee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Theoretical and Applied Mechanics Program, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - So Hyun Park
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, 6500 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Nibir Pathak
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Theoretical and Applied Mechanics Program, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Cesar A Patino
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Gang Bao
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, 6500 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Horacio D Espinosa
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Theoretical and Applied Mechanics Program, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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13
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Jagnandan N, Morachis J. Microfluidic cell sorter sample preparation for genomic assays. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2022; 16:034106. [PMID: 35698630 PMCID: PMC9188458 DOI: 10.1063/5.0092358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Single-cell RNA-Sequencing has led to many novel discoveries such as the detection of rare cell populations, microbial populations, and cancer mutations. The quality of single-cell transcriptomics relies heavily on sample preparation and cell sorting techniques that best preserve RNA quality while removing dead cells or debris prior to cDNA generation and library preparation. Magnetic bead cell enrichment is a simple process of cleaning up a sample but can only separate on a single-criterion. Droplet-based cell sorters, on the other hand, allows for higher purity of sorted cells gated on several fluorescent and scatter properties. The downside of traditional droplet-based sorters is their operational complexity, accessibility, and potential stress on cells due to their high-pressure pumps. The WOLF® Cell Sorter, and WOLF G2®, developed by NanoCellect Biomedical, are novel microfluidic-based cell sorters that use gentle sorting technology compatible with several RNA-sequencing platforms. The experiments highlighted here demonstrate how microfluidic sorting can be successfully used to remove debris and unwanted cells prior to genomic sample preparation resulting in more data per cell and improved library complexity.
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14
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Box A, Holmes L, DeLay M, Adams D, Bergeron A, Clise-Dwyer K, Cochran M, Guerra RDR, Meyer EM, Brundage KM. Cell Sorter Cleaning Practices and Their Impact on Instrument Sterility. J Biomol Tech 2022; 33:3fc1f5fe.e2675d74. [PMID: 35837003 PMCID: PMC9258916 DOI: 10.7171/3fc1f5fe.e2675d74] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Cells isolated using electrostatic cell sorters are subsequently evaluated in a variety of in vitro and in vivo applications. Thus, manipulations to the cells during the pre- and post-sort processing as well as when the cells are being analyzed by and passing through the sorter fluidics has the potential to affect the experimental results. There are many variables to consider when seeking to preserve cellular integrity and function during the cell-sorting process. A previous study by the Association of Biomolecular Resource Facilities Flow Cytometry Research Group (FCRG) investigated downstream effects on different cell types as a function of sorting variables such as pressure, nozzle size, and temperature. This multisite study revealed site-to-site variability based on differential gene expression when the same cell type and sort conditions were used. These results indicated the possibility that environmental factors such as the presence of contaminants in the sorter fluidics could exhibit effects on downstream molecular assays (ie, endotoxins or RNases). In the study described here, the FCRG sought to better understand how sorters are maintained and evaluated for contaminants such as bacteria, endotoxin, and RNases. In addition, the efficacy of an endotoxin decontamination method was evaluated. The results demonstrated that the majority of sorters in shared resource laboratories are free of RNase activity and bacteria; however, many are contaminated with endotoxin. The efficacy of a hydrogen peroxide cleaning procedure was tested and found to exhibit only a short-term effectiveness in eliminating endotoxin contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Box
- Stowers Institute for Medical ResearchKansas City,
Missouri 64110USA
| | - Laura Holmes
- Stowers Institute for Medical ResearchKansas City,
Missouri 64110USA
| | - Monica DeLay
- Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center,
University of Cincinnati Academic Medical CenterCincinnati,
Ohio 45229USA
| | - Dave Adams
- University of MichiganAnn Arbor,
Michigan 48109USA
| | | | - Karen Clise-Dwyer
- MD Anderson Cancer Center,
The University of TexasHouston,
Texas 77030USA
| | - Matt Cochran
- University of Rochester Medical CenterRochester 14642,
New YorkUSA
| | | | - E. Michael Meyer
- University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute,
University of PittsburghPittsburgh,
Pennsylvania 15232USA
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15
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Tárnok A. Many Shades of Sorting-How to Control Chaos and Erratic Circumstances? Cytometry A 2022; 101:280-281. [PMID: 35253354 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.24548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Attila Tárnok
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology (IMISE), University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Dept. of Preclinical Development and Validation, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology IZI, Leipzig, Germany.,Dept. for Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
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16
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Staunstrup NH, Petersen CC, Fuglsang T, Starnawska A, Chernomorchenko A, Qvist P, Schack VR. Comparison of electrostatic and mechanical cell sorting with limited starting material. Cytometry A 2021; 101:298-310. [PMID: 34842347 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.24523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Isolation of multiple cell populations from limited starting material and with minimal influence on cell homeostasis and viability are common requirements in both basic and clinical research. Fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) is the most commonly applied sorting methodology with the majority of instruments being based on high pressure and electrostatic deflection. A more recent technology is based on a mechanical valve, operating at low pressure. In the present work we compared the two technologies by parallel sorting of small amounts of peripheral blood and umbilical cord blood on a BD FACSAria™ III and Miltenyi MACSQuant® Tyto® instrument. Concurrent manually performed magnetic-based cell sorting served as reference. Sorting metrics, including purity and viability, were compared. Expression of the heat-shock protein HSPA1A immediately post sorting and the proliferation potential of sorted T-cells in vitro was assessed. In general, there was little to distinguish the two fluorescence-activated technologies with regard to sorting metrics and HSPA1A expression. Variation, however, with respect to recovery and viability, was much smaller among Tyto sorted samples. The proliferation potential of Tyto-sorted T-cells was significantly higher compared to Aria-sorted T-cells, indicating that T-cells of the Tyto instrument are less perturbed. In summary, cell types of blood origin including CD34+ cells could effectively be isolated from small input amounts with either fluorescence-activated technology with little immediate effect on viability. The mechanical valve-based sorting by the Tyto instrument; however, appeared to perturb the cells to a lesser extent as judged by their proliferation potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicklas H Staunstrup
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Aarhus, Aarhus C, Denmark.,The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus V, Denmark.,Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine, CGPM, and Center for Integrative Sequencing, iSEQ, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Tina Fuglsang
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Aarhus, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Anna Starnawska
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Aarhus, Aarhus C, Denmark.,The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus V, Denmark.,Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine, CGPM, and Center for Integrative Sequencing, iSEQ, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Per Qvist
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Aarhus, Aarhus C, Denmark.,The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus V, Denmark.,Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine, CGPM, and Center for Integrative Sequencing, iSEQ, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Vivien R Schack
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Aarhus, Aarhus C, Denmark
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17
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Pognonec P, Gustovic A, Djabari Z, Pourcher T, Barlaud M. Mitotic Index Determination on Live Cells From Label-Free Acquired Quantitative Phase Images Using a Supervised Autoencoder. IEEE/ACM TRANSACTIONS ON COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY AND BIOINFORMATICS 2021; 18:2828-2834. [PMID: 34582352 DOI: 10.1109/tcbb.2021.3115876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This interdisciplinary work focuses on the interest of a new auto-encoder for supervised classification of live cell populations growing in a thermostated imaging station and acquired by a Quantitative Phase Imaging (QPI) camera. This type of camera produces interferograms that have to be processed to extract features derived from quantitative linear retardance and birefringence measurements. QPI is performed on living populations without any manipulation or treatment of the cells. We use the efficient new autoencoder classification method instead of the classical Douglas-Rachford method. Using this new supervised autoencoder, we show that the accuracy of the classification of the cells present in the mitotic phase of the cell cycle is very high using QPI features. This is a very important finding since we demonstrate that it is now possible to very precisely follow cell growth in a non-invasive manner, without any bias. No dye or any kind of markers are necessary for this live monitoring. Any studies requiring analysis of cell growth or cellular response to any treatment could benefit from this new approach by simply monitoring the proportion of cells entering mitosis in the studied cell population.
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18
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Box A, DeLay M, Tighe S, Chittur SV, Bergeron A, Cochran M, Lopez P, Meyer EM, Saluk A, Thornton S, Brundage K. Evaluating the Effects of Cell Sorting on Gene Expression. J Biomol Tech 2021; 31:100-111. [PMID: 32982601 DOI: 10.7171/jbt.20-3103-004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Cell sorting is a commonly used technology to isolate highly purified cell populations for downstream applications. Because the sorted cells are destined for further analysis, i.e., gene expression assays or functional assays, ensuring that the sorting process itself has little effect on the cells is of utmost importance. Previous studies examining the effects of sorting on cellular function have primarily focused on a specific cell type or condition. One of the goals of the Flow Cytometry Research Group of the Association of Biomolecular Resource Facilities is to establish best practice guidelines for cell sorting conditions that minimize cell stress, perturbation, or injury to the sorted cell population. In this study, the effects of nozzle size, sample pressure, UV exposure, and instrument type were evaluated for their effects on gene expression and cell cycle using both established cell lines and primary cells across several flow cytometry shared facilities. Results indicate that nozzle size and pressure, as well as UV exposure and instrument type, have only minor effects on gene expression, which were diminished by subsequent culturing of the sorted cells. In this assessment, these data demonstrate that cell sorting itself, regardless of instrumentation used, has minimal effects on downstream cellular applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Box
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
| | - Monica DeLay
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Scott Tighe
- University of Vermont Cancer Center, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - Sridar V Chittur
- Center for Functional Genomics, University at Albany, Albany, New York, USA
| | | | - Matthew Cochran
- University of Rochester Medical Center, West Henrietta, New York, USA
| | - Peter Lopez
- New York University Langone Medical Center, New York City, New York, USA
| | - E Michael Meyer
- University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Alan Saluk
- The Scripps Research Institute, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Sherry Thornton
- Department of Pediatrics and Cincinnati Children's Hospital, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA; and
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19
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Atalis A, Dixon JB, Roy K. Soluble and Microparticle-Based Delivery of TLR4 and TLR9 Agonists Differentially Modulate 3D Chemotaxis of Bone Marrow-Derived Dendritic Cells. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2001899. [PMID: 33928762 PMCID: PMC9211062 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202001899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Vaccines are commonly administered subcutaneously or intramuscularly, and local immune cells, notably dendritic cells (DCs), play a significant role in transporting vaccine antigens and adjuvants to draining lymph nodes. Here, it is compared how soluble and biomaterial-mediated delivery of Toll-like receptor (TLR)-targeted adjuvants, monophosphoryl lipid A (MPLA, TLR4 ligand) and 5'-C-phosphate-G-3' DNA (CpG DNA, TLR9 ligand), modulate 3D chemotaxis of bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) toward lymphatic chemokine gradients. Within microfluidic devices containing 3D collagen-based matrices to mimic tissue conditions, soluble MPLA increases BMDC chemotaxis toward gradients of CCL19 and CCL21, while soluble CpG has no effect. Delivering CpG on poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid microparticles (MPs) enhances BMDC chemotaxis compared to MPLA-encapsulated MPs, and when co-delivered, MPLA and CpG do not synergistically enhance BMDC migration. It is concluded that supplementing granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor-derived BMDC culture with interleukin-4 is necessary to induce CCR7 expression and chemotaxis of BMDCs. Different cell subsets in BMDC culture upregulate CCR7 in response to soluble versus biomaterial-loaded MPLA and CpG, and CCR7 expression does not consistently correlate with functional migration. The results show both adjuvant type and delivery method influence chemotaxis of DCs, and these findings uncover new directions for the rational design of vaccine formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Atalis
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - J Brandon Dixon
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Krishnendu Roy
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
- Marcus Center for Therapeutic Cell Characterization and Manufacturing (MC3M), Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
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20
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Ryan K, Rose RE, Jones DR, Lopez PA. Sheath fluid impacts the depletion of cellular metabolites in cells afflicted by sorting induced cellular stress (SICS). Cytometry A 2021; 99:921-929. [PMID: 34031988 PMCID: PMC9543443 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.24361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Flow cytometrists have long observed a spectrum of cell‐type‐specific changes ranging from minor functional defects to outright cell destruction after purification of cells using conventional droplet cell sorters. We have described this spectrum of cell perturbations as sorter induced cellular stress, or SICS (Lopez and Hulspas, Cytometry, 2020, 97, 105–106). Despite the potential impact of this issue and ubiquitous anecdotes, little has been reported about this phenomenon in the literature, and the underlying mechanism has been elusive. Inspired by others' observations (Llufrio et al., Redox Biology, 2018, 16, 381–387 and Binek et al., Journal of Proteome Research, 2019, 18, 169–181), we set out to examine SICS at the metabolic level and use this information to propose a working model. Using representative suspension (Jurkat) and adherent (NIH/3T3) cell lines we observed broad and consistent metabolic perturbations after sorting using a high‐speed droplet cell sorter. Our results suggest that the SICS metabolic phenotype is a common cell‐type‐independent manifestation and may be the harbinger of a wide‐range of functional defects either directly related to metabolism, or cell stress response pathways. We further demonstrate a proof of concept that a modification to the fluidic environment (complete media used as sheath fluid) in a droplet cell sorter can largely rescue the intracellular markers of SICS, and that this rescue is not due to a contribution of metabolites found in media. Future studies will focus on characterizing the potential electro‐physical mechanisms inherent to the droplet cell sorting process to determine the major contributors to the SICS mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamilah Ryan
- Cytometry and Cell Sorting Laboratory, NYU Langone Health, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Rebecca E Rose
- Metabolomics Core Resource Laboratory, NYU Langone Health, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Drew R Jones
- Metabolomics Core Resource Laboratory, NYU Langone Health, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Peter A Lopez
- Cytometry and Cell Sorting Laboratory, NYU Langone Health, New York City, New York, USA
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21
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INTACT vs. FANS for Cell-Type-Specific Nuclei Sorting: A Comprehensive Qualitative and Quantitative Comparison. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22105335. [PMID: 34069481 PMCID: PMC8159132 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22105335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing numbers of studies seek to characterize the different cellular sub-populations present in mammalian tissues. The techniques “Isolation of Nuclei Tagged in Specific Cell Types” (INTACT) or “Fluorescence-Activated Nuclei Sorting” (FANS) are frequently used for isolating nuclei of specific cellular subtypes. These nuclei are then used for molecular characterization of the cellular sub-populations. Despite the increasing popularity of both techniques, little is known about their isolation efficiency, advantages, and disadvantages or downstream molecular effects. In our study, we compared the physical and molecular attributes of sfGFP+ nuclei isolated by the two methods—INTACT and FANS—from the neocortices of Arc-CreERT2 × CAG-Sun1/sfGFP animals. We identified differences in efficiency of sfGFP+ nuclei isolation, nuclear size as well as transcriptional (RNA-seq) and chromatin accessibility (ATAC-seq) states. Therefore, our study presents a comprehensive comparison between the two widely used nuclei sorting techniques, identifying the advantages and disadvantages for both INTACT and FANS. Our conclusions are summarized in a table to guide researchers in selecting the most suitable methodology for their individual experimental design.
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22
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Vitelli M, Budman H, Pritzker M, Tamer M. Applications of flow cytometry sorting in the pharmaceutical industry: A review. Biotechnol Prog 2021; 37:e3146. [PMID: 33749147 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.3146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The article reviews applications of flow cytometry sorting in manufacturing of pharmaceuticals. Flow cytometry sorting is an extremely powerful tool for monitoring, screening and separating single cells based on any property that can be measured by flow cytometry. Different applications of flow cytometry sorting are classified into groups and discussed in separate sections as follows: (a) isolation of cell types, (b) high throughput screening, (c) cell surface display, (d) droplet fluorescent-activated cell sorting (FACS). Future opportunities are identified including: (a) sorting of particular fractions of the cell population based on a property of interest for generating inoculum that will result in improved outcomes of cell cultures and (b) the use of population balance models in combination with FACS to design and optimize cell cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Vitelli
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada
| | - Hector Budman
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada
| | - Mark Pritzker
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada
| | - Melih Tamer
- Department of Manufacturing Technology, Sanofi Pasteur, Toronto, Canada
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23
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Buddika K, Xu J, Ariyapala IS, Sokol NS. I-KCKT allows dissection-free RNA profiling of adult Drosophila intestinal progenitor cells. Development 2021; 148:dev196568. [PMID: 33246929 PMCID: PMC7803463 DOI: 10.1242/dev.196568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The adult Drosophila intestinal epithelium is a model system for stem cell biology, but its utility is limited by current biochemical methods that lack cell type resolution. Here, we describe a new proximity-based profiling method that relies upon a GAL4 driver, termed intestinal-kickout-GAL4 (I-KCKT-GAL4), that is exclusively expressed in intestinal progenitor cells. This method uses UV crosslinked whole animal frozen powder as its starting material to immunoprecipitate the RNA cargoes of transgenic epitope-tagged RNA binding proteins driven by I-KCKT-GAL4 When applied to the general mRNA-binder, poly(A)-binding protein, the RNA profile obtained by this method identifies 98.8% of transcripts found after progenitor cell sorting, and has low background noise despite being derived from whole animal lysate. We also mapped the targets of the more selective RNA binder, Fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP), using enhanced crosslinking and immunoprecipitation (eCLIP), and report for the first time its binding motif in Drosophila cells. This method will therefore enable the RNA profiling of wild-type and mutant intestinal progenitor cells from intact flies exposed to normal and altered environments, as well as the identification of RNA-protein interactions crucial for stem cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasun Buddika
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | - Jingjing Xu
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | | | - Nicholas S Sokol
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
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Pfister G, Toor SM, Sasidharan Nair V, Elkord E. An evaluation of sorter induced cell stress (SICS) on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) after different sort conditions - Are your sorted cells getting SICS? J Immunol Methods 2020; 487:112902. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2020.112902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Yoshioka K, Kitajima Y, Okazaki N, Chiba K, Yonekura A, Ono Y. A Modified Pre-plating Method for High-Yield and High-Purity Muscle Stem Cell Isolation From Human/Mouse Skeletal Muscle Tissues. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:793. [PMID: 32903486 PMCID: PMC7438441 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary culture of skeletal muscle stem cells (MuSCs) is indispensable to study the dynamics of muscle regeneration and homeostasis. Here we describe the modified pre-plating method for isolating MuSCs in culture with greatly improved purity, yield, and procedure time. The protocol is based on the distinct adhesion characteristics of MuSCs. We reduced the procedure time to 2.5 days to obtain highly purified MuSCs through a newly employed re-plating step, which repeats incubation and cell-suspension. The re-plating step efficiently traps remaining fibroblastic cells, but not MuSCs, on a collagen-coated dish. Additionally, we confirmed that MuSCs can be isolated from small amounts of human/mouse muscle tissues, enabling us to perform experiments with amount-limited specimens. Thus, our method can be performed with basic laboratory equipment suitable for most facilities and without sophisticated MuSC handling techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiyoshi Yoshioka
- Department of Muscle Development and Regeneration, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yasuo Kitajima
- Department of Muscle Development and Regeneration, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Narihiro Okazaki
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Ko Chiba
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Akihiko Yonekura
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Yusuke Ono
- Department of Muscle Development and Regeneration, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
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Box A, DeLay M, Tighe S, Chittur SV, Bergeron A, Cochran M, Lopez P, Meyer EM, Saluk A, Thornton S, Brundage K. Evaluating the Effects of Cell Sorting on Gene Expression. J Biomol Tech 2020; 31:jbt.20-3103-004. [PMID: 32831654 DOI: 10.7171/jbt.2020-3103-004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Cell sorting is a commonly used technology to isolate highly purified cell populations for downstream applications. Because the sorted cells are destined for further analysis, i.e., gene expression assays or functional assays, ensuring that the sorting process itself has little effect on the cells is of utmost importance. Previous studies examining the effects of sorting on cellular function have primarily focused on a specific cell type or condition. One of the goals of the Flow Cytometry Research Group of the Association of Biomolecular Resource Facilities is to establish best practice guidelines for cell sorting conditions that minimize cell stress, perturbation, or injury to the sorted cell population. In this study, the effects of nozzle size, sample pressure, UV exposure, and instrument type were evaluated for their effects on gene expression and cell cycle using both established cell lines and primary cells across several flow cytometry shared facilities. Results indicate that nozzle size and pressure, as well as UV exposure and instrument type, have only minor effects on gene expression, which were diminished by subsequent culturing of the sorted cells. In this assessment, these data demonstrate that cell sorting itself, regardless of instrumentation used, has minimal effects on downstream cellular applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Box
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
| | - Monica DeLay
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Scott Tighe
- University of Vermont Cancer Center, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - Sridar V Chittur
- Center for Functional Genomics, University at Albany, Albany, New York, USA
| | | | - Matthew Cochran
- University of Rochester Medical Center, West Henrietta, New York, USA
| | - Peter Lopez
- New York University Langone Medical Center, New York City, New York, USA
| | - E Michael Meyer
- University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Alan Saluk
- The Scripps Research Institute, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Sherry Thornton
- Department of Pediatrics and Cincinnati Children's Hospital, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA; and
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