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Giannini NP, Cannell A, Amador LI, Simmons NB. Palaeoatmosphere facilitates a gliding transition to powered flight in the Eocene bat, Onychonycteris finneyi. Commun Biol 2024; 7:365. [PMID: 38532113 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06032-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The evolutionary transition to powered flight remains controversial in bats, the only flying mammals. We applied aerodynamic modeling to reconstruct flight in the oldest complete fossil bat, the archaic Onychonycteris finneyi from the early Eocene of North America. Results indicate that Onychonycteris was capable of both gliding and powered flight either in a standard normodense aerial medium or in the hyperdense atmosphere that we estimate for the Eocene from two independent palaeogeochemical proxies. Aerodynamic continuity across a morphological gradient is further demonstrated by modeled intermediate forms with increasing aspect ratio (AR) produced by digital elongation based on chiropteran developmental data. Here a gliding performance gradient emerged of decreasing sink rate with increasing AR that eventually allowed applying available muscle power to achieve level flight using flapping, which is greatly facilitated in hyperdense air. This gradient strongly supports a gliding (trees-down) transition to powered flight in bats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norberto P Giannini
- Unidad Ejecutora Lillo, CONICET-Fundación Miguel Lillo, Tucumán, Argentina.
- Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e Instituto Miguel Lillo, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina.
- Department of Mammalogy, Division of Vertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, NY, USA.
| | - Alan Cannell
- ISIPU - Istituto Italiano di Paleontologia Umana, Rome, Italy
- Instituto de Estudos Avançados, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Lucila I Amador
- Unidad Ejecutora Lillo, CONICET-Fundación Miguel Lillo, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Nancy B Simmons
- Department of Mammalogy, Division of Vertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, NY, USA
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2
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Nojiri T, Takechi M, Furutera T, Brualla NLM, Iseki S, Fukui D, Tu VT, Meguro F, Koyabu D. Development of the hyolaryngeal architecture in horseshoe bats: insights into the evolution of the pulse generation for laryngeal echolocation. EvoDevo 2024; 15:2. [PMID: 38326924 PMCID: PMC10851524 DOI: 10.1186/s13227-024-00221-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The hyolaryngeal apparatus generates biosonar pulses in the laryngeally echolocating bats. The cartilage and muscles comprising the hyolarynx of laryngeally echolocating bats are morphologically modified compared to those of non-bat mammals, as represented by the hypertrophied intrinsic laryngeal muscle. Despite its crucial contribution to laryngeal echolocation, how the development of the hyolarynx in bats differs from that of other mammals is poorly documented. The genus Rhinolophus is one of the most sophisticated laryngeal echolocators, with the highest pulse frequency in bats. The present study provides the first detailed description of the three-dimensional anatomy and development of the skeleton, cartilage, muscle, and innervation patterns of the hyolaryngeal apparatus in two species of rhinolophid bats using micro-computed tomography images and serial tissue sections and compares them with those of laboratory mice. Furthermore, we measured the peak frequency of the echolocation pulse in active juvenile and adult individuals to correspond to echolocation pulses with hyolaryngeal morphology at each postnatal stage. RESULTS We found that the sagittal crests of the cricoid cartilage separated the dorsal cricoarytenoid muscle in horseshoe bats, indicating that this unique morphology may be required to reinforce the repeated closure movement of the glottis during biosonar pulse emission. We also found that the cricothyroid muscle is ventrally hypertrophied throughout ontogeny, and that the cranial laryngeal nerve has a novel branch supplying the hypertrophied region of this muscle. Our bioacoustic analyses revealed that the peak frequency shows negative allometry against skull growth, and that the volumetric growth of all laryngeal cartilages is correlated with the pulse peak frequency. CONCLUSIONS The unique patterns of muscle and innervation revealed in this study appear to have been obtained concomitantly with the acquisition of tracheal chambers in rhinolophids and hipposiderids, improving sound intensity during laryngeal echolocation. In addition, significant protrusion of the sagittal crest of the cricoid cartilage and the separated dorsal cricoarytenoid muscle may contribute to the sophisticated biosonar in this laryngeally echolocating lineage. Furthermore, our bioacoustic data suggested that the mineralization of these cartilages underpins the ontogeny of echolocation pulse generation. The results of the present study provide crucial insights into how the anatomy and development of the hyolaryngeal apparatus shape the acoustic diversity in bats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taro Nojiri
- Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, 2-2-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan.
| | - Masaki Takechi
- Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, 2-2-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
- Department of Molecular Craniofacial Embryology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8549, Japan
| | - Toshiko Furutera
- Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, 2-2-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
- Department of Molecular Craniofacial Embryology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8549, Japan
| | - Nicolas L M Brualla
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Sachiko Iseki
- Department of Molecular Craniofacial Embryology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8549, Japan
| | - Dai Fukui
- The University of Tokyo Fuji Iyashinomori Woodland Study Center, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 341-2 Yamanaka, Yamanakako, Yamanashi, 401-05013, Japan
| | - Vuong Tan Tu
- Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, No. 18, Hoang Quoc Viet Road, Cau Giay District, Hanoi, Vietnam
- Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, No. 18, Hoang Quoc Viet Road, Cau Giay District, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Fumiya Meguro
- Research and Development Center for Precision Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-2 Kasuga, Tsukuba-Shi, Ibaraki, 305-8550, Japan
| | - Daisuke Koyabu
- Department of Molecular Craniofacial Embryology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8549, Japan.
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
- Research and Development Center for Precision Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-2 Kasuga, Tsukuba-Shi, Ibaraki, 305-8550, Japan.
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Anthwal N, Hall RP, de la Rosa Hernandez FA, Koger M, Yohe LR, Hedrick BP, Davies KTJ, Mutumi GL, Roseman CC, Dumont ER, Dávalos LM, Rossiter SJ, Sadier A, Sears KE. Cochlea development shapes bat sensory system evolution. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2023. [PMID: 37994725 DOI: 10.1002/ar.25353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Sensory organs must develop alongside the skull within which they are largely encased, and this relationship can manifest as the skull constraining the organs, organs constraining the skull, or organs constraining one another in relative size. How this interplay between sensory organs and the developing skull plays out during the evolution of sensory diversity; however, remains unknown. Here, we examine the developmental sequence of the cochlea, the organ responsible for hearing and echolocation, in species with distinct diet and echolocation types within the ecologically diverse bat super-family Noctilionoidea. We found the size and shape of the cochlea largely correlates with skull size, with exceptions of Pteronotus parnellii, whose high duty cycle echolocation (nearly constant emission of sound pulses during their echolocation process allowing for detailed information gathering, also called constant frequency echolocation) corresponds to a larger cochlear and basal turn, and Monophyllus redmani, a small-bodied nectarivorous bat, for which interactions with other sensory organs restrict cochlea size. Our findings support the existence of developmental constraints, suggesting that both developmental and anatomical factors may act synergistically during the development of sensory systems in noctilionoid bats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neal Anthwal
- King's College London, Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, London, UK
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Ronald P Hall
- Department of Life and Environment Sciences, University of California Merced, Merced, California, USA
| | | | - Michael Koger
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Laurel R Yohe
- Department of Bioinformatics and Genomics, University of North Carolina Charlotte, Charlotte, North Carolina, USA
| | - Brandon P Hedrick
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Kalina T J Davies
- School of Biological and Behavioural Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Gregory L Mutumi
- Department of Life and Environment Sciences, University of California Merced, Merced, California, USA
| | - Charles C Roseman
- Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Behavior, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana-Champaign, Illinois, USA
| | - Elizabeth R Dumont
- Department of Life and Environment Sciences, University of California Merced, Merced, California, USA
| | - Liliana M Dávalos
- Department of Ecology and Evolution and Consortium for Inter-Disciplinary Environmental Research, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Stephen J Rossiter
- School of Biological and Behavioural Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Alexa Sadier
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Karen E Sears
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
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4
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Toledo KS, Peracchi AL, Nogueira MR. Morphological variation of the brachial plexus in four phyllostomid bat species (Chiroptera, Phyllostomidae). Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2023; 306:2729-2750. [PMID: 35112505 DOI: 10.1002/ar.24874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Despite the remarkable morphological modifications that occurred in the thoracic limbs of bats, information about the brachial plexus in this group is still scarce. The present study aimed to describe the origin, structure, and distribution of these peripheral nerves in four Phyllostomidae species. Both antimeres of six Artibeus lituratus, five Desmodus rotundus, seven Glossophaga soricina, and five Phyllostomus hastatus-all adult males from the Adriano Lúcio Peracchi Collection (UFRRJ)-were dissected. After complete exposure of the structure, we found that the brachial plexus of D. rotundus and P. hastatus is formed by the same roots (C5-T1), whereas the fourth cervical spinal nerve and the second thoracic spinal nerve are present in G. soricina (C4-T1) and A. lituratus (C5-T2), respectively. There was intraspecific variation and asymmetry in the origin of the structure and the combinations of nerve segments forming terminal branches. The distribution to the target muscles and patagium, however, was not subject to significant variation in our sample. Data presented here support the presence of two prevailing conditions in distribution of nerves to the bat muscles, and the innervation of the membranes seems to be explained by embryogenesis. Although the brachial plexus in phyllostomid bats is similar to that of other terrestrial Laurasiatheria, aspects identified in these bats, apparently unique to Chiroptera, may be related to anatomical changes in the thoracic limbs functionally linked to flight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Santos Toledo
- Laboratory of Mastozoology, Biological and Health Sciences Institute, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Environmental Scientific Photography Nucleus - BioCenas, Laboratory of Radioecology and Global Change, Biology Institute Roberto Alcantara Gomes, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Adriano Lúcio Peracchi
- Laboratory of Mastozoology, Biological and Health Sciences Institute, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Rodrigues Nogueira
- Laboratory of Mastozoology, Biological and Health Sciences Institute, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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5
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Sadier A, Anthwal N, Krause AL, Dessalles R, Lake M, Bentolila LA, Haase R, Nieves NA, Santana SE, Sears KE. Bat teeth illuminate the diversification of mammalian tooth classes. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4687. [PMID: 37607943 PMCID: PMC10444822 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40158-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Tooth classes are an innovation that has contributed to the evolutionary success of mammals. However, our understanding of the mechanisms by which tooth classes diversified remain limited. We use the evolutionary radiation of noctilionoid bats to show how the tooth developmental program evolved during the adaptation to new diet types. Combining morphological, developmental and mathematical modeling approaches, we demonstrate that tooth classes develop through independent developmental cascades that deviate from classical models. We show that the diversification of tooth number and size is driven by jaw growth rate modulation, explaining the rapid gain/loss of teeth in this clade. Finally, we mathematically model the successive appearance of tooth buds, supporting the hypothesis that growth acts as a key driver of the evolution of tooth number and size. Our work reveal how growth, by tinkering with reaction/diffusion processes, drives the diversification of tooth classes and other repeated structure during adaptive radiations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexa Sadier
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Neal Anthwal
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King's College London, London, UK
| | | | - Renaud Dessalles
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Greenshield, 46 rue Saint-Antoine, 75004, Paris, France
| | - Michael Lake
- Advanced Light Microscopy and Spectroscopy Laboratory, California NanoSystems Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Laurent A Bentolila
- Advanced Light Microscopy and Spectroscopy Laboratory, California NanoSystems Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Robert Haase
- DFG Cluster of Excellence "Physics of Life", TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Natalie A Nieves
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sharlene E Santana
- Department of Biology and Burke Museum of Natural History and Culture, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Karen E Sears
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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6
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Anthwal N, Urban DJ, Sadier A, Takenaka R, Spiro S, Simmons N, Behringer RR, Cretekos CJ, Rasweiler JJ, Sears KE. Insights into the formation and diversification of a novel chiropteran wing membrane from embryonic development. BMC Biol 2023; 21:101. [PMID: 37143038 PMCID: PMC10161559 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-023-01598-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Through the evolution of novel wing structures, bats (Order Chiroptera) became the only mammalian group to achieve powered flight. This achievement preceded the massive adaptive radiation of bats into diverse ecological niches. We investigate some of the developmental processes that underlie the origin and subsequent diversification of one of the novel membranes of the bat wing: the plagiopatagium, which connects the fore- and hind limb in all bat species. RESULTS Our results suggest that the plagiopatagium initially arises through novel outgrowths from the body flank that subsequently merge with the limbs to generate the wing airfoil. Our findings further suggest that this merging process, which is highly conserved across bats, occurs through modulation of the programs controlling the development of the periderm of the epidermal epithelium. Finally, our results suggest that the shape of the plagiopatagium begins to diversify in bats only after this merging has occurred. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates how focusing on the evolution of cellular processes can inform an understanding of the developmental factors shaping the evolution of novel, highly adaptive structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neal Anthwal
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Daniel J Urban
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, USA
- Department of Mammalogy, Division of Vertebrate Biology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, USA
| | - Alexa Sadier
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, UCLA, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Risa Takenaka
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
| | | | - Nancy Simmons
- Department of Mammalogy, Division of Vertebrate Biology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, USA
| | - Richard R Behringer
- Department of Genetics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
| | | | - John J Rasweiler
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, New York, USA
| | - Karen E Sears
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, USA.
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, UCLA, Los Angeles, USA.
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7
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Nojiri T, Werneburg I, Tu VT, Fukui D, Takechi M, Iseki S, Furutera T, Koyabu D. Timing of organogenesis underscores the evolution of neonatal life histories and powered flight in bats. Proc Biol Sci 2023; 290:20221928. [PMID: 36629110 PMCID: PMC9832570 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2022.1928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Bats have undergone one of the most drastic limb innovations in vertebrate history, associated with the evolution of powered flight. Knowledge of the genetic basis of limb organogenesis in bats has increased but little has been documented regarding the differences between limb organogenesis in bats and that of other vertebrates. We conducted embryological comparisons of the timelines of limb organogenesis in 24 bat species and 72 non-bat amniotes. In bats, the time invested for forelimb organogenesis has been considerably extended and the appearance timing of the forelimb ridge has been significantly accelerated, whereas the timing of the finger and first appearance of the claw development has been delayed, facilitating the enlargement of the manus. Furthermore, we discovered that bats initiate the development of their hindlimbs earlier than their forelimbs compared with other placentals. Bat neonates are known to be able to cling continuously with their well-developed foot to the maternal bodies or habitat substrates soon after birth. We suggest that this unique life history of neonates, which possibly coevolved with powered flight, has driven the accelerated development of the hindlimb and precocious foot.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taro Nojiri
- Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, 2-1-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
- Graduate School of Environmental Science, Hokkaido University, North 11, West 10, Sapporo 060-0811, Japan
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
| | - Ingmar Werneburg
- Senckenberg Centre for Human Evolution and Palaeoenvironment an der Eberhard Karls Universität, Sigwartstraße 10, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Fachbereich Geowissenschaften, Eberhard Karls Universität, Hölderlinstraße 12, 72074 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Vuong Tan Tu
- Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, No. 18, Hoang Quoc Viet road, Cau Giay district, Hanoi, Vietnam
- Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Graduate University of Science and Technology, No. 18, Hoang Quac Viet road, Cau Giay district, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Dai Fukui
- The University of Tokyo Hokkaido Forest, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 9-61, Yamabe-Higashimachi, Furano, Hokkaido 079-1563, Japan
| | - Masaki Takechi
- Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, 2-1-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
- Molecular Craniofacial Embryology, Graduate School of Medicine and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan
| | - Sachiko Iseki
- Molecular Craniofacial Embryology, Graduate School of Medicine and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan
| | - Toshiko Furutera
- Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, 2-1-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
- Molecular Craniofacial Embryology, Graduate School of Medicine and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan
| | - Daisuke Koyabu
- Molecular Craniofacial Embryology, Graduate School of Medicine and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan
- Research and Development Center for Precision Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-2 Kasuga, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki 305-8550, Japan
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8
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Gardner NM, Dececchi TA. Flight and echolocation evolved once in Chiroptera: comments on ‘The evolution of flight in bats: a novel hypothesis’. Mamm Rev 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/mam.12286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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9
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Machado DA, Ontiveros AE, Behringer RR. Mammalian uterine morphogenesis and variations. Curr Top Dev Biol 2022; 148:51-77. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2021.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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10
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Huang BL, Mackem S. Rethinking positional information and digit identity: The role of late interdigit signaling. Dev Dyn 2021; 251:1414-1422. [PMID: 34811837 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Seminal work from John Fallon's lab has illuminated how digit identity determination involves ongoing late regulation and occurs progressively during phalanx formation. Complementary genetic analyses in mice and several papers in this special issue have begun to flesh out how interdigit signaling accomplishes this, but major questions remain unaddressed, including how uncommitted progenitors from which phalanges arise are maintained, and what factors set limits on digit extension and phalanx number, particularly in mammals. This review summarizes what has been learned in the two decades since control of digit identity by late interdigit signals was first identified and what remains poorly understood, and will hopefully spark renewed interest in a process that is critical to evolutionary limb adaptations but nevertheless remains enigmatic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bau-Lin Huang
- Cancer and Developmental Biology Laboratory, CCR, NCI, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Susan Mackem
- Cancer and Developmental Biology Laboratory, CCR, NCI, Frederick, Maryland, USA
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11
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Amador LI. Sesamoids and Morphological Variation: a Hypothesis on the Origin of Rod-like Skeletal Elements in Aerial Mammals. J MAMM EVOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10914-021-09571-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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12
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Rivero-Monteagudo JA, Pellón JJ, Williams M. Environmental Seasonality Explains Reproductive Timing of Short-Tailed Fruit Bats in a Premontane Forest of Central Peru. ACTA CHIROPTEROLOGICA 2021. [DOI: 10.3161/15081109acc2021.23.1.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jorge A. Rivero-Monteagudo
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Animal y Biorremediación Luis Basto Acosta, Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina, Av. La Molina s/n, La Molina, 15024, Lima, Perú
| | - Juan J. Pellón
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Animal y Biorremediación Luis Basto Acosta, Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina, Av. La Molina s/n, La Molina, 15024, Lima, Perú
| | - Marta Williams
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Animal y Biorremediación Luis Basto Acosta, Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina, Av. La Molina s/n, La Molina, 15024, Lima, Perú
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13
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López-Aguirre C, Hand SJ, Koyabu D, Tu VT, Wilson LAB. Prenatal Developmental Trajectories of Fluctuating Asymmetry in Bat Humeri. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:639522. [PMID: 34124034 PMCID: PMC8187808 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.639522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Fluctuating asymmetry (random fluctuations between the left and right sides of the body) has been interpreted as an index to quantify both the developmental instabilities and homeostatic capabilities of organisms, linking the phenotypic and genotypic aspects of morphogenesis. However, studying the ontogenesis of fluctuating asymmetry has been limited to mostly model organisms in postnatal stages, missing prenatal trajectories of asymmetry that could better elucidate decoupled developmental pathways controlling symmetric bone elongation and thickening. In this study, we quantified the presence and magnitude of asymmetry during the prenatal development of bats, focusing on the humerus, a highly specialized bone adapted in bats to perform under multiple functional demands. We deconstructed levels of asymmetry by measuring the longitudinal and cross-sectional asymmetry of the humerus using a combination of linear measurements and geometric morphometrics. We tested the presence of different types of asymmetry and calculated the magnitude of size-controlled fluctuating asymmetry to assess developmental instability. Statistical support for the presence of fluctuating asymmetry was found for both longitudinal and cross-sectional asymmetry, explaining on average 16% of asymmetric variation. Significant directional asymmetry accounted for less than 6.6% of asymmetric variation. Both measures of fluctuating asymmetry remained relatively stable throughout ontogeny, but cross-sectional asymmetry was significantly different across developmental stages. Finally, we did not find a correspondence between developmental patterns of longitudinal and cross-sectional asymmetry, indicating that processes promoting symmetrical bone elongation and thickening work independently. We suggest various functional pressures linked to newborn bats’ ecology associated with longitudinal (altricial flight capabilities) and cross-sectional (precocial clinging ability) developmental asymmetry differentially. We hypothesize that stable magnitudes of fluctuating asymmetry across development could indicate the presence of developmental mechanisms buffering developmental instability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilo López-Aguirre
- Department of Anthropology, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Earth and Sustainability Science Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Suzanne J Hand
- Earth and Sustainability Science Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Daisuke Koyabu
- Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong.,Research and Development Center for Precision Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Vuong Tan Tu
- Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam.,Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Laura A B Wilson
- Earth and Sustainability Science Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,School of Archaeology and Anthropology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
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14
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Nojiri T, Tu VT, Sohn JH, Koyabu D. On the sequence heterochrony of cranial ossification of bats in light of Haeckel's recapitulation theory. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY PART B-MOLECULAR AND DEVELOPMENTAL EVOLUTION 2021; 338:137-148. [PMID: 33773030 DOI: 10.1002/jez.b.23042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Haeckel's recapitulation theory has been a controversial topic in evolutionary biology. However, we have seen some recent cases applying Haeckel's view to interpret the interspecific variation of prenatal ontogeny. To revisit the validity of Haeckel's recapitulation theory, we take bats that have undergone drastic morphological changes and possess a characteristic ecology as a case study. All members of Rhinolophoidea and Yangochiroptera can generate an ultrasonic pulse from the larynx to interpret surrounding objects (laryngeal echolocation) whereas Pteropodidae lacks such ability. It is known that the petrosal bone is particularly derived in shape and expanded in laryngeal echolocators. If Haeckel's recapitulation theory holds, the formation of this derived trait should occur later than those of other bones. Therefore, we compared the prenatal ossification timing of the petrosal in 15 bat species and five outgroup species. We found that the ossification of the petrosal is accelerated in laryngeal echolocators while it is the last bone to ossify in non-laryngeal echolocating bats and non-volant mammals, which runs counter to the prediction generated by Haeckel's recapitulation theory. We point out the evolutionarily labile nature of trait developmental timing and emphasize that Haeckel's recapitulation theory does not hold in many cases. We caution that generating predictions on ancestral conditions and evolutionary history leading from Haeckel's recapitulation theory is not well supported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taro Nojiri
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Vuong Tan Tu
- Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam.,Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Joon Hyuk Sohn
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Tokyo, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Daisuke Koyabu
- Research and Development Center for Precision Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki, Japan.,Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong.,Department of Molecular Craniofacial Embryology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
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15
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Ito K, Tu VT, Eiting TP, Nojiri T, Koyabu D. On the Embryonic Development of the Nasal Turbinals and Their Homology in Bats. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:613545. [PMID: 33834019 PMCID: PMC8021794 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.613545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple corrugated cartilaginous structures are formed within the mammalian nasal capsule, eventually developing into turbinals. Due to its complex and derived morphology, the homologies of the bat nasal turbinals have been highly disputed and uncertain. Tracing prenatal development has been proven to provide a means to resolve homological problems. To elucidate bat turbinate homology, we conducted the most comprehensive study to date on prenatal development of the nasal capsule. Using diffusible iodine-based contrast-enhanced computed tomography (diceCT), we studied in detail the 3D prenatal development of various bat species and non-bat laurasiatherians. We found that the structure previously identified as “maxilloturbinal” is not the true maxilloturbinal and is only part of the ethmoturbinal I pars anterior. Our results also allowed us to trace the evolutionary history of the nasal turbinals in bats. The turbinate structures are overall comparable between laurasiatherians and pteropodids, suggesting that pteropodids retain the ancestral laurasiatherian condition. The absence of the ethmoturbinal I pars posterior in yangochiropterans and rhinolophoids has possibly occurred independently by convergent evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Ito
- Department of Anatomy, Tissue and Cell Biology, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Vuong Tan Tu
- Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam.,Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Thomas P Eiting
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Taro Nojiri
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,The University Museum, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daisuke Koyabu
- Research and Development Center for Precision Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan.,Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong.,Department of Molecular Craniofacial Embryology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
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16
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Nojiri T, Fukui D, Werneburg I, Saitoh T, Endo H, Koyabu D. Embryonic staging of bats with special reference to Vespertilio sinensis and its cochlear development. Dev Dyn 2021; 250:1140-1159. [PMID: 33683772 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND How bats deviate heterochronically from other mammals remains largely unresolved, reflecting the lack of a quantitative staging framework allowing comparison among species. The standard event system (SES) is an embryonic staging system allowing quantitative detection of interspecific developmental variations. Here, the first SES-based staging system for bats, using Asian parti-colored bat (Vespertilio sinensis) is introduced. General aspects of normal embryonic development and the three-dimensional development of the bat cochlea were described for the first time. Recoding the embryonic staging tables of 18 previously reported bat species and Mus musculus into the SES system, quantitative developmental comparisons were performed. RESULTS It was found that limb bud development of V. sinensis is relatively late among 19 bat species and late limb development is a shared trait of vespertilionid bats. The inner ear cochlear canal forms before the semicircular canal in V. sinensis while the cochlear canal forms after the semicircular canal in non-volant mammals. CONCLUSIONS The present approach using the SES system provides a powerful framework to detect the peculiarities of bat development. Incorporating the timing of gene expression patterns into the SES framework will further contribute to the understanding of the evolution of specialized features in bats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taro Nojiri
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Graduate School of Environmental Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Dai Fukui
- The University of Tokyo Hokkaido Forest, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Furano, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Ingmar Werneburg
- Senckenberg Center for Human Evolution and Paleoenvironment an der Eberhard Karls Universität, Tübingen, Germany.,Fachbereich Geowissenschaften, Eberhard Karls Universität, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Takashi Saitoh
- Field Science Center for Northern Biosphere, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hideki Endo
- The University Museum, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daisuke Koyabu
- Research and Development Center for Precision Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.,Department of Molecular Craniofacial Embryology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
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17
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Nojiri T, Wilson LAB, López-Aguirre C, Tu VT, Kuratani S, Ito K, Higashiyama H, Son NT, Fukui D, Sadier A, Sears KE, Endo H, Kamihori S, Koyabu D. Embryonic evidence uncovers convergent origins of laryngeal echolocation in bats. Curr Biol 2021; 31:1353-1365.e3. [PMID: 33675700 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2020.12.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Bats are the second-most speciose group of mammals, comprising 20% of species diversity today. Their global explosion, representing one of the greatest adaptive radiations in mammalian history, is largely attributed to their ability of laryngeal echolocation and powered flight, which enabled them to conquer the night sky, a vast and hitherto unoccupied ecological niche. While there is consensus that powered flight evolved only once in the lineage, whether laryngeal echolocation has a single origin in bats or evolved multiple times independently remains disputed. Here, we present developmental evidence in support of laryngeal echolocation having multiple origins in bats. This is consistent with a non-echolocating bat ancestor and independent gain of echolocation in Yinpterochiroptera and Yangochiroptera, as well as the gain of primitive echolocation in the bat ancestor, followed by convergent evolution of laryngeal echolocation in Yinpterochiroptera and Yangochiroptera, with loss of primitive echolocation in pteropodids. Our comparative embryological investigations found that there is no developmental difference in the hearing apparatus between non-laryngeal echolocating bats (pteropodids) and terrestrial non-bat mammals. In contrast, the echolocation system is developed heterotopically and heterochronically in the two phylogenetically distant laryngeal echolocating bats (rhinolophoids and yangochiropterans), providing the first embryological evidence that the echolocation system evolved independently in these bats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taro Nojiri
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
| | - Laura A B Wilson
- Earth and Sustainability Science Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth & Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; School of Archaeology and Anthropology, The Australian National University, 44 Linnaeus Way, Acton, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Camilo López-Aguirre
- Earth and Sustainability Science Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth & Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Vuong Tan Tu
- Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, No. 18, Hoang Quoc Viet road, Cau Giay district, Hanoi, Vietnam; Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, No. 18, Hoang Quoc Viet road, Cau Giay district, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Shigeru Kuratani
- Laboratory for Evolutionary Morphology, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (BDR), 2-2-3 Minatojima-minami, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan
| | - Kai Ito
- Department of Anatomy, Tissue and Cell Biology, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University, 2-1-3 Tsurumi, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-8501, Japan
| | - Hiroki Higashiyama
- Department of Physiological Chemistry and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Nguyen Truong Son
- Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, No. 18, Hoang Quoc Viet road, Cau Giay district, Hanoi, Vietnam; Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, No. 18, Hoang Quoc Viet road, Cau Giay district, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Dai Fukui
- The University of Tokyo Hokkaido Forest, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 9-61, Yamabe-Higashimachi, Furano, Hokkaido 079-1563, Japan
| | - Alexa Sadier
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, 621 Charles E. Young Drive, Los Angeles, CA 957246, USA
| | - Karen E Sears
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, 621 Charles E. Young Drive, Los Angeles, CA 957246, USA
| | - Hideki Endo
- The University Museum, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
| | - Satoshi Kamihori
- Aioi City Board of Education, 3-18-7 Asahi, Aioi 679-0031, Japan
| | - Daisuke Koyabu
- Research and Development Center for Precision Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-2 Kasuga, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki 305-8550, Japan; Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong; Department of Molecular Craniofacial Embryology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan.
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18
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Blackburn DG, Stewart JR. Morphological research on amniote eggs and embryos: An introduction and historical retrospective. J Morphol 2021; 282:1024-1046. [PMID: 33393149 DOI: 10.1002/jmor.21320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Evolution of the terrestrial egg of amniotes (reptiles, birds, and mammals) is often considered to be one of the most significant events in vertebrate history. Presence of an eggshell, fetal membranes, and a sizeable yolk allowed this egg to develop on land and hatch out well-developed, terrestrial offspring. For centuries, morphologically-based studies have provided valuable information about the eggs of amniotes and the embryos that develop from them. This review explores the history of such investigations, as a contribution to this special issue of Journal of Morphology, titled Developmental Morphology and Evolution of Amniote Eggs and Embryos. Anatomically-based investigations are surveyed from the ancient Greeks through the Scientific Revolution, followed by the 19th and early 20th centuries, with a focus on major findings of historical figures who have contributed significantly to our knowledge. Recent research on various aspects of amniote eggs is summarized, including gastrulation, egg shape and eggshell morphology, eggs of Mesozoic dinosaurs, sauropsid yolk sacs, squamate placentation, embryogenesis, and the phylotypic phase of embryonic development. As documented in this review, studies on amniote eggs and embryos have relied heavily on morphological approaches in order to answer functional and evolutionary questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel G Blackburn
- Department of Biology and Electron Microscopy Center, Trinity College, Hartford, Connecticut, USA
| | - James R Stewart
- Department of Biological Sciences, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee, USA
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19
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Møgeltoft Kamstrup K, Markussen B, Hay‐Schmidt A, Thorup F, Dybdahl Thomsen P. Staging of porcine embryos: Comparison of Standard Event System‐based statistical clusters with a Carnegie‐based staging system. Dev Dyn 2020; 249:1259-1273. [DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 02/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kristian Møgeltoft Kamstrup
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Bo Markussen
- Data Science Laboratory, Department of Mathematical Sciences, Faculty of Science University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Anders Hay‐Schmidt
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Flemming Thorup
- Department of Livestock Innovation SEGES, Danish Agriculture & Food Council Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Preben Dybdahl Thomsen
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
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20
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Camacho J, Moon R, Smith SK, Lin JD, Randolph C, Rasweiler JJ, Behringer RR, Abzhanov A. Differential cellular proliferation underlies heterochronic generation of cranial diversity in phyllostomid bats. EvoDevo 2020; 11:11. [PMID: 32514331 PMCID: PMC7268441 DOI: 10.1186/s13227-020-00156-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Skull diversity in the neotropical leaf-nosed bats (Phyllostomidae) evolved through a heterochronic process called peramorphosis, with underlying causes varying by subfamily. The nectar-eating (subfamily Glossophaginae) and blood-eating (subfamily Desmondontinae) groups originate from insect-eating ancestors and generate their uniquely shaped faces and skulls by extending the ancestral ontogenetic program, appending new developmental stages and demonstrating peramorphosis by hypermorphosis. However, the fruit-eating phyllostomids (subfamilies Carollinae and Stenodermatinae) adjust their craniofacial development by speeding up certain developmental processes, displaying peramorphosis by acceleration. We hypothesized that these two forms of peramorphosis detected by our morphometric studies could be explained by differential growth and investigated cell proliferation during craniofacial morphogenesis. Results We obtained cranial tissues from four wild-caught bat species representing a range of facial diversity and labeled mitotic cells using immunohistochemistry. During craniofacial development, all bats display a conserved spatiotemporal distribution of proliferative cells with distinguishable zones of elevated mitosis. These areas were identified as modules by the spatial distribution analysis. Ancestral state reconstruction of proliferation rates and patterns in the facial module between species provided support, and a degree of explanation, for the developmental mechanisms underlying the two models of peramorphosis. In the long-faced species, Glossophaga soricina, whose facial shape evolved by hypermorphosis, cell proliferation rate is maintained at lower levels and for a longer period of time compared to the outgroup species Miniopterus natalensis. In both species of studied short-faced fruit bats, Carollia perspicillata and Artibeus jamaicensis, which evolved under the acceleration model, cell proliferation rate is increased compared to the outgroup. Conclusions This is the first study which links differential cellular proliferation and developmental modularity with heterochronic developmental changes, leading to the evolution of adaptive cranial diversity in an important group of mammals.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmin Camacho
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA.,Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Rachel Moon
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Samantha K Smith
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA
| | - Jacky D Lin
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Charles Randolph
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - John J Rasweiler
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, State University Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, USA
| | - Richard R Behringer
- Department of Genetics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
| | - Arhat Abzhanov
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus Buckhurst Road, Ascot, Berkshire, SL5 7PY UK.,Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London, SW7 5BD UK
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21
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Khannoon ER, Usui K, Tokita M. Embryonic Development of the Egyptian Fruit Bat Rousettus aegyptiacus (Mammalia: Chiroptera: Pteropodidae). ACTA CHIROPTEROLOGICA 2020. [DOI: 10.3161/15081109acc2019.21.2.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eraqi R. Khannoon
- Biology Department, College of Science, Taibah University, Al Madinah Al Munawwarah, PO Box 30002, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kaoru Usui
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Toho University, 2-2-1 Miyama, Funabashi, Chiba, 274-8510, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Tokita
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Toho University, 2-2-1 Miyama, Funabashi, Chiba, 274-8510, Japan
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22
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Rolian C. Endochondral ossification and the evolution of limb proportions. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY 2020; 9:e373. [PMID: 31997553 DOI: 10.1002/wdev.373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Mammals have remarkably diverse limb proportions hypothesized to have evolved adaptively in the context of locomotion and other behaviors. Mechanistically, evolutionary diversity in limb proportions is the result of differential limb bone growth. Longitudinal limb bone growth is driven by the process of endochondral ossification, under the control of the growth plates. In growth plates, chondrocytes undergo a tightly orchestrated life cycle of proliferation, matrix production, hypertrophy, and cell death/transdifferentiation. This life cycle is highly conserved, both among the long bones of an individual, and among homologous bones of distantly related taxa, leading to a finite number of complementary cell mechanisms that can generate heritable phenotype variation in limb bone size and shape. The most important of these mechanisms are chondrocyte population size in chondrogenesis and in individual growth plates, proliferation rates, and hypertrophic chondrocyte size. Comparative evidence in mammals and birds suggests the existence of developmental biases that favor evolutionary changes in some of these cellular mechanisms over others in driving limb allometry. Specifically, chondrocyte population size may evolve more readily in response to selection than hypertrophic chondrocyte size, and extreme hypertrophy may be a rarer evolutionary phenomenon associated with highly specialized modes of locomotion in mammals (e.g., powered flight, ricochetal bipedal hopping). Physical and physiological constraints at multiple levels of biological organization may also have influenced the cell developmental mechanisms that have evolved to produce the highly diverse limb proportions in extant mammals. This article is categorized under: Establishment of Spatial and Temporal Patterns > Regulation of Size, Proportion, and Timing Comparative Development and Evolution > Regulation of Organ Diversity Comparative Development and Evolution > Organ System Comparisons Between Species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Campbell Rolian
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
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23
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Monteiro LR, Mellado B, Nogueira MR, de Morais-Jr MM. Individual asymmetry as a predictor of fitness in the bat Carollia perspicillata. J Evol Biol 2019; 32:1207-1229. [PMID: 31420901 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.13522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The measurement of fitness in wild populations is a challenging task, and a number of proxies have been proposed with different degrees of success. Developmental instability/stability (DI) is an organismal property associated with variance in bilateral asymmetry (fluctuating asymmetry-FA) and a correlated effect on fitness. This study provides evidence to corroborate the hypothesis that asymmetry partly reflects DI and is correlated with a reduction in fitness measured by survival and reproduction in bats. We studied two colonies of the bat Carollia perspicillata in southeastern Brazil over 5 years, marking and recapturing individuals. Gaussian mixture models for signed Forearm Asymmetry (ForA) distribution indicated that ~20% of asymmetry variation was due to DI heterogeneity among individuals. ForA, body condition (Scaled Mass Index-SMI) and Forearm Length (ForL) were used as predictors of survival probability in Cormack-Jolly-Seber models. Asymmetry was negatively associated with survival, whereas SMI and ForL were positively associated. The male C. perspicillata defend sites within the roost that are favoured by female harems, but there are mating opportunities for bachelor males, leading to both territorial disputes and sperm competition. As predicted by sexual selection, ForA was negatively associated with relative Testicle Length, a measure of reproductive potential. In females, ForA was negatively associated with the probability of two pregnancies (as opposed to one) in a given breeding season. The effect magnitudes and directions of associations suggest that asymmetry, even though not perfectly reflecting DI variation, is a useful predictor for fitness components in C. perspicillata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leandro R Monteiro
- Laboratório de Ciências Ambientais, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil
| | - Breno Mellado
- Laboratório de Ciências Ambientais, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil
| | - Marcelo R Nogueira
- Laboratório de Ciências Ambientais, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil
| | - Marcio M de Morais-Jr
- Laboratório de Ciências Ambientais, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil
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24
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Camacho J, Heyde A, Bhullar BAS, Haelewaters D, Simmons NB, Abzhanov A. Peramorphosis, an evolutionary developmental mechanism in neotropical bat skull diversity. Dev Dyn 2019; 248:1129-1143. [PMID: 31348570 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.90] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The neotropical leaf-nosed bats (Chiroptera, Phyllostomidae) are an ecologically diverse group of mammals with distinctive morphological adaptations associated with specialized modes of feeding. The dramatic skull shape changes between related species result from changes in the craniofacial development process, which brings into focus the nature of the underlying evolutionary developmental processes. RESULTS In this study, we use three-dimensional geometric morphometrics to describe, quantify, and compare morphological modifications unfolding during evolution and development of phyllostomid bats. We examine how changes in development of the cranium may contribute to the evolution of the bat craniofacial skeleton. Comparisons of ontogenetic trajectories to evolutionary trajectories reveal two separate evolutionary developmental growth processes contributing to modifications in skull morphogenesis: acceleration and hypermorphosis. CONCLUSION These findings are consistent with a role for peramorphosis, a form of heterochrony, in the evolution of bat dietary specialists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmin Camacho
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Alexander Heyde
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Bhart-Anjan S Bhullar
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts.,Department of Geology and Geophysics, Yale Peabody Museum of Natural History, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Danny Haelewaters
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Nancy B Simmons
- Department of Mammalogy, Division of Vertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, New York
| | - Arhat Abzhanov
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts
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25
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Carter RT, Stuckey A, Adams RA. Ontogeny of the hyoid apparatus in Jamaican fruit bats (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae) in unraveling the evolution of echolocation in bats. J Zool (1987) 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/jzo.12679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. T. Carter
- East Tennessee State University Johnson City TN USA
| | - A. Stuckey
- University of Tennessee Knoxville TN USA
| | - R. A. Adams
- University of Northern Colorado Greeley CO USA
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Usui K, Tokita M. Normal embryonic development of the greater horseshoe bat Rhinolophus ferrumequinum, with special reference to nose leaf formation. J Morphol 2019; 280:1309-1322. [PMID: 31260578 DOI: 10.1002/jmor.21032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The order Chiroptera (bats) is the second largest group of mammals, composed of more than 1,300 species. Although powered flight and echolocation in bats have attracted many biologists, diversity in bat facial morphology has been almost neglected. Some bat species have a "nose leaf," a leaf-like epithelial appendage around their nostrils. The nose leaf appears to have been acquired at least three times independently in bat evolution, and its morphology is highly diverse among bats species. Internal tissue morphology of nose-leaves has been investigated through histological analyses of late-stage fetuses of some bat species possessing the nose leaf. However, the proximate factors that bring about chiropteran nose-leaves have not been identified. As an initial step to address the question above, we describe the normal embryonic development of the greater horseshoe bat Rhinolophus ferrumequinum, and examine development of the tissues associated with their nose leaf during embryogenesis through histological analyses. We found that the nose leaf of R. ferrumequinum is formed through two phases. First, the primordium of the nose leaf appears as two tissue bulges aligned top and bottom on the face at embryonic stages 15-16. Second, the sub-regions of the nose leaf are differentiated through ingrowth as well as outgrowth of the epithelium at stage 17. In embryogenesis of Carollia perspicillata, a phyllostomid species with a nose leaf, the nose leaf primordium is formed as a small tissue bulge on the nostril at stage 17. This tissue bulge grows into a dorsally projected thin epithelial structure. Such differences in the nose leaf developmental process between chiropteran lineages may suggest that distinct developmental mechanisms have been employed in each lineage's nose leaf evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaoru Usui
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Toho University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Tokita
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Toho University, Chiba, Japan
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López-Aguirre C, Hand SJ, Koyabu D, Son NT, Wilson LAB. Postcranial heterochrony, modularity, integration and disparity in the prenatal ossification in bats (Chiroptera). BMC Evol Biol 2019; 19:75. [PMID: 30866800 PMCID: PMC6417144 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-019-1396-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Self-powered flight is one of the most energy-intensive types of locomotion found in vertebrates. It is also associated with a range of extreme morpho-physiological adaptations that evolved independently in three different vertebrate groups. Considering that development acts as a bridge between the genotype and phenotype on which selection acts, studying the ossification of the postcranium can potentially illuminate our understanding of bat flight evolution. However, the ontogenetic basis of vertebrate flight remains largely understudied. Advances in quantitative analysis of sequence heterochrony and morphogenetic growth have created novel approaches to study the developmental basis of diversification and the evolvability of skeletal morphogenesis. Assessing the presence of ontogenetic disparity, integration and modularity from an evolutionary approach allows assessing whether flight may have resulted in evolutionary differences in the magnitude and mode of development in bats. RESULTS We quantitatively compared the prenatal ossification of the postcranium (24 bones) between bats (14 species), non-volant mammals (11 species) and birds (14 species), combining for the first time prenatal sequence heterochrony and developmental growth data. Sequence heterochrony was found across groups, showing that bat postcranial development shares patterns found in other flying vertebrates but also those in non-volant mammals. In bats, modularity was found as an axial-appendicular partition, resembling a mammalian pattern of developmental modularity and suggesting flight did not repattern prenatal postcranial covariance in bats. CONCLUSIONS Combining prenatal data from 14 bat species, this study represents the most comprehensive quantitative analysis of chiropteran ossification to date. Heterochrony between the wing and leg in bats could reflect functional needs of the newborn, rather than ecological aspects of the adult. Bats share similarities with birds in the development of structures involved in flight (i.e. handwing and sternum), suggesting that flight altriciality and early ossification of pedal phalanges and sternum are common across flying vertebrates. These results indicate that the developmental modularity found in bats facilitates intramodular phenotypic diversification of the skeleton. Integration and disparity increased across developmental time in bats. We also found a delay in the ossification of highly adaptable and evolvable regions (e.g. handwing and sternum) that are directly associated with flight performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilo López-Aguirre
- PANGEA Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth & Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052 Australia
| | - Suzanne J. Hand
- PANGEA Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth & Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052 Australia
| | - Daisuke Koyabu
- University Museum, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Humanities and Sciences, Musashino Art University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nguyen Truong Son
- Department of Vertebrate Zoology, Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources, Vietnam Academy of Sciences and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam
- Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Graduate University of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Laura A. B. Wilson
- PANGEA Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth & Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052 Australia
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López‐Aguirre C, Hand SJ, Koyabu D, Son NT, Wilson LAB. Prenatal allometric trajectories and the developmental basis of postcranial phenotypic diversity in bats (Chiroptera). JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY PART B-MOLECULAR AND DEVELOPMENTAL EVOLUTION 2019; 332:36-49. [DOI: 10.1002/jez.b.22846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Revised: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Camilo López‐Aguirre
- PANGEA Research Centre School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales Sydney New South Wales Australia
| | - Suzanne J. Hand
- PANGEA Research Centre School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales Sydney New South Wales Australia
| | - Daisuke Koyabu
- Department of Curatorial Studies University Museum, University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan
- Department of Humanities and Sciences Musashino Art University Tokyo Japan
| | - Nguyen Truong Son
- Department of Vertebrate Zoology Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources, Vietnam Academy of Sciences and Technology Hanoi Vietnam
- Faculty of Ecology and Biological Resources Graduate University of Science and Technology Hanoi Vietnam
| | - Laura A. B. Wilson
- PANGEA Research Centre School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales Sydney New South Wales Australia
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29
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Iungman JL, Molinero MN, Simoncini MS, Piña CI. Embryological development of
Salvator merianae
(Squamata: Teiidae). Genesis 2019; 57:e23280. [DOI: 10.1002/dvg.23280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Revised: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Josefina L. Iungman
- Proyecto Yacaré ‐ Laboratorio de Zoología Aplicada: Anexo VertebradosFacultad de Humanidades y Ciencias‐Universidad Nacional del Litoral/Ministerio de Medio Ambiente Santa Fe Santa Fe Argentina
- Centro de Investigaciones Científicas y Transferencia de Tecnología a la Producción (Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas‐Provincia de Entre Ríos‐Universidad Autónoma de Entre Ríos). Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología Diamante Entre Ríos Argentina
| | - María N. Molinero
- Proyecto Yacaré ‐ Laboratorio de Zoología Aplicada: Anexo VertebradosFacultad de Humanidades y Ciencias‐Universidad Nacional del Litoral/Ministerio de Medio Ambiente Santa Fe Santa Fe Argentina
| | - Melina S. Simoncini
- Proyecto Yacaré ‐ Laboratorio de Zoología Aplicada: Anexo VertebradosFacultad de Humanidades y Ciencias‐Universidad Nacional del Litoral/Ministerio de Medio Ambiente Santa Fe Santa Fe Argentina
- Centro de Investigaciones Científicas y Transferencia de Tecnología a la Producción (Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas‐Provincia de Entre Ríos‐Universidad Autónoma de Entre Ríos). Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología Diamante Entre Ríos Argentina
| | - Carlos I. Piña
- Proyecto Yacaré ‐ Laboratorio de Zoología Aplicada: Anexo VertebradosFacultad de Humanidades y Ciencias‐Universidad Nacional del Litoral/Ministerio de Medio Ambiente Santa Fe Santa Fe Argentina
- Centro de Investigaciones Científicas y Transferencia de Tecnología a la Producción (Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas‐Provincia de Entre Ríos‐Universidad Autónoma de Entre Ríos). Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología Diamante Entre Ríos Argentina
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30
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Martínez-Cerdeño V, Camacho J, Ariza J, Rogers H, Horton-Sparks K, Kreutz A, Behringer R, Rasweiler JJ, Noctor SC. The Bat as a New Model of Cortical Development. Cereb Cortex 2018; 28:3880-3893. [PMID: 29136119 PMCID: PMC6454483 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhx251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Revised: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The organization of the mammalian cerebral cortex shares fundamental features across species. However, while the radial thickness of grey matter varies within one order of magnitude, the tangential spread of the cortical sheet varies by orders of magnitude across species. A broader sample of model species may provide additional clues for understanding mechanisms that drive cortical expansion. Here, we introduce the bat Carollia perspicillata as a new model species. The brain of C. perspicillata is similar in size to that of mouse but has a cortical neurogenic period at least 5 times longer than mouse, and nearly as long as that of the rhesus macaque, whose brain is 100 times larger. We describe the development of laminar and regional structures, neural precursor cell identity and distribution, immune cell distribution, and a novel population of Tbr2+ cells in the caudal ganglionic eminence of the developing neocortex of C. perspicillata. Our data indicate that unique mechanisms guide bat cortical development, particularly concerning cell cycle length. The bat model provides new perspective on the evolution of developmental programs that regulate neurogenesis in mammalian cerebral cortex, and offers insight into mechanisms that contribute to tangential expansion and gyri formation in the cerebral cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verónica Martínez-Cerdeño
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UC Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA
- Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine and Shriners Hospitals for Children Northern California, Sacramento, CA, USA
- MIND Institute, UC Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Jasmin Camacho
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UC Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA
- Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine and Shriners Hospitals for Children Northern California, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Jeanelle Ariza
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UC Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA
- Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine and Shriners Hospitals for Children Northern California, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Hailee Rogers
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UC Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA
- Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine and Shriners Hospitals for Children Northern California, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Kayla Horton-Sparks
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UC Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA
- Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine and Shriners Hospitals for Children Northern California, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Anna Kreutz
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, UC Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Richard Behringer
- Department of Genetics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - John J Rasweiler
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Stephen C Noctor
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, UC Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA
- MIND Institute, UC Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA
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31
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Rodríguez FE, Sandoval MT, Álvarez BB, Lombardo DM. Comparative Study of Prenatal Development Between Myotis albescens
(Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) and Eumops patagonicus
(Chiroptera: Molossidae): The Chorionic Vesicle and Extraembryonic Membranes Considerations. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2018; 301:1527-1543. [DOI: 10.1002/ar.23896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Revised: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Florencia Evelyn Rodríguez
- Universidad Nacional del Nordeste, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales y Agrimensura, Departamento de Biología; Avenida Libertad, Corrientes Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET); Argentina
| | - María Teresa Sandoval
- Universidad Nacional del Nordeste, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales y Agrimensura, Departamento de Biología; Avenida Libertad, Corrientes Argentina
| | - Blanca Beatriz Álvarez
- Universidad Nacional del Nordeste, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales y Agrimensura, Departamento de Biología; Avenida Libertad, Corrientes Argentina
| | - Daniel Marcelo Lombardo
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Instituto de Investigación y Tecnología en Reproducción Animal (INITRA), Cátedra de Histología y Embriología; Chorroain, Buenos Aires Argentina
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32
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Usui K, Tokita M. Creating diversity in mammalian facial morphology: a review of potential developmental mechanisms. EvoDevo 2018; 9:15. [PMID: 29946416 PMCID: PMC6003202 DOI: 10.1186/s13227-018-0103-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammals (class Mammalia) have evolved diverse craniofacial morphology to adapt to a wide range of ecological niches. However, the genetic and developmental mechanisms underlying the diversification of mammalian craniofacial morphology remain largely unknown. In this paper, we focus on the facial length and orofacial clefts of mammals and deduce potential mechanisms that produced diversity in mammalian facial morphology. Small-scale changes in facial morphology from the common ancestor, such as slight changes in facial length and the evolution of the midline cleft in some lineages of bats, could be attributed to heterochrony in facial bone ossification. In contrast, large-scale changes of facial morphology from the common ancestor, such as a truncated, widened face as well as the evolution of the bilateral cleft possessed by some bat species, could be brought about by changes in growth and patterning of the facial primordium (the facial processes) at the early stages of embryogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaoru Usui
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Toho University, 2-2-1 Miyama, Funabashi, Chiba 274-8510 Japan
| | - Masayoshi Tokita
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Toho University, 2-2-1 Miyama, Funabashi, Chiba 274-8510 Japan
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33
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Torres DA, Henao-Isaza JR, Castaño JH. Reproductive Pattern of the Silky Short-Tailed BatCarollia brevicauda(Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae) in the Andes of Colombia. MAMMAL STUDY 2018. [DOI: 10.3106/ms2017-0082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Diego Alejandro Torres
- Biological Conservation and Biotechnology Research Group, Faculty of Basic Sciences, University of Santa Rosa de Cabal, Colombia
| | - Julián Ricardo Henao-Isaza
- Biological Conservation and Biotechnology Research Group, Faculty of Basic Sciences, University of Santa Rosa de Cabal, Colombia
| | - John Harold Castaño
- Biological Conservation and Biotechnology Research Group, Faculty of Basic Sciences, University of Santa Rosa de Cabal, Colombia
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34
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Greville LJ, Ceballos-Vasquez A, Valdizón-Rodríguez R, Caldwell JR, Faure PA. Wound healing in wing membranes of the Egyptian fruit bat (Rousettus aegyptiacus) and big brown bat (Eptesicus fuscus). J Mammal 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/jmammal/gyy050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lucas J Greville
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience & Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | | | | | - John R Caldwell
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience & Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Paul A Faure
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience & Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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35
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Ventura A, Nogueira MR, Peracchi AL, do Nascimento AA, Vieira-Lopes DA, Pinheiro NL. Comparative prenatal development and embryonic staging of neotropical fruit bats (genus Artibeus). ZOOL ANZ 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcz.2018.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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36
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Sterbing SJ, Moss CF. Comparative analysis of the distribution and morphology of tactile hairs on the wing membrane of four bat species. J Mammal 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/jmammal/gyx146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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37
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Paksuz EP, Hayretdağ S, Olgun K. Prenatal development in greater mouse-eared bat, Myotis myotis
(Borkhausen, 1797) (Chiroptera, Vespertilionidae). Anat Histol Embryol 2017; 46:563-571. [DOI: 10.1111/ahe.12310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E. P. Paksuz
- Department of Mathematics and Science Education; Faculty of Education; Trakya University; Edirne Turkey
| | - S. Hayretdağ
- Department of Biology; Faculty of Arts and Sciences; Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University; Çanakkale Turkey
| | - K. Olgun
- Department of Biology; Faculty of Arts and Sciences; Adnan Menderes University; Aydın Turkey
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38
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Porras-Gómez TJ, Martínez-Juárez A, Moreno-Mendoza N. Gonadal morphogenesis and establishment of the germline in the phyllostomid bat Sturnira lilium. Acta Histochem 2017; 119:671-679. [PMID: 28823522 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2017.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Revised: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In vertebrates such as the mouse and the human, primordial germ cells (PGCs) arise at the base of the allantois and are carried to the epithelium of the posterior intestine, to later migrate to the primordial gonads. In the case of bats, almost nothing is known about this process. To clarify the dynamics of PGCs during gonadal morphogenesis in the phyllostomid bat Sturnira lilium, the proteins for the Ddx4, Sox9 and Mis genes were detected in the gonads of embryos at different stages of development. We identified 15 stages (St) of embryonic development in Sturnira lilium. We found that the formation of the genital ridge and the establishment of the undifferentiated gonad take place between stages 11 and 14. The onset of morphological differentiation in the gonad is first detected in the male gonads at St17. The first PGCs in meiosis are detected in the ovary at St19, whereas in the testicles, the PGCs were in mitotic arrest. Structural changes leading to testicular and ovarian development in Sturnira lilium are observed to be similar to those described for the mouse; however, differences will be established concerning the time taken for these processes to occur.
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39
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Nogueira MR, Ventura A, da Veiga CCP, Monteiro LR, Pinheiro NL, Peracchi AL. Dicephalic Parapagus Conjoined Twins in a Large Fruit-eating Bat, Genus Artibeus
(Chiroptera, Phyllostomidae). Anat Histol Embryol 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/ahe.12271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. R. Nogueira
- Laboratório de Ciências Ambientais, CBB; Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense; Av. Alberto Lamego 2000 Campos dos Goytacazes RJ CEP 28013-602 Brazil
| | - A. Ventura
- Laboratório de Histologia e Embriologia; Depto de Biologia Animal, IB; Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro; Rodovia BR 465, Km 07 Seropédica RJ CEP 23890-000 Brazil
| | - C. C. P. da Veiga
- Hospital Veterinário; Instituto de Veterinária; Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro; Rodovia BR 465, Km 07 Seropédica RJ CEP 23890-000 Brazil
| | - L. R. Monteiro
- Laboratório de Ciências Ambientais, CBB; Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense; Av. Alberto Lamego 2000 Campos dos Goytacazes RJ CEP 28013-602 Brazil
| | - N. L. Pinheiro
- Laboratório de Histologia e Embriologia; Depto de Biologia Animal, IB; Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro; Rodovia BR 465, Km 07 Seropédica RJ CEP 23890-000 Brazil
| | - A. L. Peracchi
- Laboratório de Mastozoologia; Depto de Biologia Animal; IB; Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro; Rodovia BR 465, Km 07 Seropédica RJ CEP 23890-000 Brazil
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40
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Maier JA, Rivas-Astroza M, Deng J, Dowling A, Oboikovitz P, Cao X, Behringer RR, Cretekos CJ, Rasweiler JJ, Zhong S, Sears KE. Transcriptomic insights into the genetic basis of mammalian limb diversity. BMC Evol Biol 2017; 17:86. [PMID: 28335721 PMCID: PMC5364624 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-017-0902-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background From bat wings to whale flippers, limb diversification has been crucial to the evolutionary success of mammals. We performed the first transcriptome-wide study of limb development in multiple species to explore the hypothesis that mammalian limb diversification has proceeded through the differential expression of conserved shared genes, rather than by major changes to limb patterning. Specifically, we investigated the manner in which the expression of shared genes has evolved within and among mammalian species. Results We assembled and compared transcriptomes of bat, mouse, opossum, and pig fore- and hind limbs at the ridge, bud, and paddle stages of development. Results suggest that gene expression patterns exhibit larger variation among species during later than earlier stages of limb development, while within species results are more mixed. Consistent with the former, results also suggest that genes expressed at later developmental stages tend to have a younger evolutionary age than genes expressed at earlier stages. A suite of key limb-patterning genes was identified as being differentially expressed among the homologous limbs of all species. However, only a small subset of shared genes is differentially expressed in the fore- and hind limbs of all examined species. Similarly, a small subset of shared genes is differentially expressed within the fore- and hind limb of a single species and among the forelimbs of different species. Conclusions Taken together, results of this study do not support the existence of a phylotypic period of limb development ending at chondrogenesis, but do support the hypothesis that the hierarchical nature of development translates into increasing variation among species as development progresses. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12862-017-0902-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A Maier
- School of Integrative Biology, University of Illinois, 505 S Goodwin Avenue, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Marcelo Rivas-Astroza
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Jenny Deng
- Department of Genetics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Anna Dowling
- School of Integrative Biology, University of Illinois, 505 S Goodwin Avenue, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Paige Oboikovitz
- School of Integrative Biology, University of Illinois, 505 S Goodwin Avenue, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Xiaoyi Cao
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Richard R Behringer
- Department of Genetics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Chris J Cretekos
- Department of Biological Sciences, Idaho State University, 921 South 8th Avenue, Pocatello, ID, 83209, USA
| | - John J Rasweiler
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, State University Downstate Medical Center, 450 Clarkson, Avenue, Brooklyn, NY, 11203, USA
| | - Sheng Zhong
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Karen E Sears
- School of Integrative Biology, University of Illinois, 505 S Goodwin Avenue, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA. .,Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois, 1206 W Gregory Drive, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
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41
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Wang Z, Zhu T, Xue H, Fang N, Zhang J, Zhang L, Pang J, Teeling EC, Zhang S. Prenatal development supports a single origin of laryngeal echolocation in bats. Nat Ecol Evol 2017; 1:21. [DOI: 10.1038/s41559-016-0021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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42
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Orr DJA, Teeling EC, Puechmaille SJ, Finarelli JA. Patterns of orofacial clefting in the facial morphology of bats: a possible naturally occurring model of cleft palate. J Anat 2016; 229:657-672. [PMID: 27346883 PMCID: PMC5055088 DOI: 10.1111/joa.12510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A normal feature of the facial anatomy of many species of bat is the presence of bony discontinuities or clefts, which bear a remarkable similarity to orofacial clefts that occur in humans as a congenital pathology. These clefts occur in two forms: a midline cleft between the two premaxillae (analogous to the rare midline craniofacial clefts in humans) and bilateral paramedian clefts between the premaxilla and the maxillae (analogous to the typical cleft lip and palate in humans). Here, we describe the distribution of orofacial clefting across major bat clades, exploring the relationship of the different patterns of clefting to feeding mode, development of the vomeronasal organ, development of the nasolacrimal duct and mode of emission of the echolocation call in different bat groups. We also present the results of detailed radiographic and soft tissue dissections of representative examples of the two types of cleft. The midline cleft has arisen independently multiple times in bat phylogeny, whereas the paramedian cleft has arisen once and is a synapomorphy uniting the Rhinolophidae and Hipposideridae. In all cases examined, the bony cleft is filled in by a robust fibrous membrane, continuous with the periosteum of the margins of the cleft. In the paramedian clefts, this membrane splits to enclose the premaxilla but forms a loose fold laterally between the premaxilla and maxilla, allowing the premaxilla and nose-leaf to pivot dorsoventrally in the sagittal plane under the action of facial muscles attached to the nasal cartilages. It is possible that this is a specific adaptation for echolocation and/or aerial insectivory. Given the shared embryological location of orofacial clefts in bats and humans, it is likely that aspects of the developmental control networks that produce cleft lip and palate in humans may also be implicated in the formation of these clefts as a normal feature in some bats. A better understanding of craniofacial development in bats with and without clefts may therefore suggest avenues for research into abnormal craniofacial development in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J A Orr
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Our Lady's Children's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.
- School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Emma C Teeling
- School of Biology and Environmental Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- UCD Earth Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sébastien J Puechmaille
- School of Biology and Environmental Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Zoology Institute, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt University, Greifswald, Germany
| | - John A Finarelli
- School of Biology and Environmental Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- UCD Earth Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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Popa EM, Anthwal N, Tucker AS. Complex patterns of tooth replacement revealed in the fruit bat (Eidolon helvum). J Anat 2016; 229:847-856. [PMID: 27444818 DOI: 10.1111/joa.12522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
How teeth are replaced during normal growth and development has long been an important question for comparative and developmental anatomy. Non-standard model animals have become increasingly popular in this field due to the fact that the canonical model laboratory mammal, the mouse, develops only one generation of teeth (monophyodonty), whereas the majority of mammals possess two generations of teeth (diphyodonty). Here we used the straw-coloured fruit bat (Eidolon helvum), an Old World megabat, which has two generations of teeth, in order to observe the development and replacement of tooth germs from initiation up to mineralization stages. Our morphological study uses 3D reconstruction of histological sections to uncover differing arrangements of the first and second-generation tooth germs during the process of tooth replacement. We show that both tooth germ generations develop as part of the dental lamina, with the first generation detaching from the lamina, leaving the free edge to give rise to a second generation. This separation was particularly marked at the third premolar locus, where the primary and replacement teeth become positioned side by side, unconnected by a lamina. The position of the replacement tooth, with respect to the primary tooth, varied within the mouth, with replacements forming posterior to or directly lingual to the primary tooth. Development of replacement teeth was arrested at some tooth positions and this appeared to be linked to the timing of tooth initiation and the subsequent rate of development. This study adds an additional species to the growing body of non-model species used in the study of tooth replacement, and offers a new insight into the development of the diphyodont condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena M Popa
- Department of Craniofacial Development and Stem Cell Biology, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Neal Anthwal
- Department of Craniofacial Development and Stem Cell Biology, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Abigail S Tucker
- Department of Craniofacial Development and Stem Cell Biology, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
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Sears KE, Maier JA, Rivas-Astroza M, Poe R, Zhong S, Kosog K, Marcot JD, Behringer RR, Cretekos CJ, Rasweiler JJ, Rapti Z. The Relationship between Gene Network Structure and Expression Variation among Individuals and Species. PLoS Genet 2015; 11:e1005398. [PMID: 26317994 PMCID: PMC4552942 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1005398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 06/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Variation among individuals is a prerequisite of evolution by natural selection. As such, identifying the origins of variation is a fundamental goal of biology. We investigated the link between gene interactions and variation in gene expression among individuals and species using the mammalian limb as a model system. We first built interaction networks for key genes regulating early (outgrowth; E9.5-11) and late (expansion and elongation; E11-13) limb development in mouse. This resulted in an Early (ESN) and Late (LSN) Stage Network. Computational perturbations of these networks suggest that the ESN is more robust. We then quantified levels of the same key genes among mouse individuals and found that they vary less at earlier limb stages and that variation in gene expression is heritable. Finally, we quantified variation in gene expression levels among four mammals with divergent limbs (bat, opossum, mouse and pig) and found that levels vary less among species at earlier limb stages. We also found that variation in gene expression levels among individuals and species are correlated for earlier and later limb development. In conclusion, results are consistent with the robustness of the ESN buffering among-individual variation in gene expression levels early in mammalian limb development, and constraining the evolution of early limb development among mammalian species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen E. Sears
- School of Integrative Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
- Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Jennifer A. Maier
- School of Integrative Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Marcelo Rivas-Astroza
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Rachel Poe
- Department of Mathematics, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Sheng Zhong
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Kari Kosog
- School of Integrative Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Jonathan D. Marcot
- School of Integrative Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Richard R. Behringer
- Department of Genetics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Chris J. Cretekos
- Department of Biological Sciences, Idaho State University, Pocatello, Idaho, United States of America
| | - John J. Rasweiler
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York, United States of America
| | - Zoi Rapti
- Department of Mathematics, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
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Urban DJ, Sorensen DW, Maier JA, Fenton MB, Simmons NB, Cooper LN, Sears KE. Conjoined Twins in a Wild Bat: A Case Report. ACTA CHIROPTEROLOGICA 2015. [DOI: 10.3161/15081109acc2015.17.1.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Kovalyova IM. Key morphofunctional transformations in the evolution of bats (Mammalia, Chiroptera). Russ J Dev Biol 2014. [DOI: 10.1134/s1062360414060071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Dai M, Wang Y, Fang L, Irwin DM, Zhu T, Zhang J, Zhang S, Wang Z. Differential expression of Meis2, Mab21l2 and Tbx3 during limb development associated with diversification of limb morphology in mammals. PLoS One 2014; 9:e106100. [PMID: 25166052 PMCID: PMC4148388 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0106100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2014] [Accepted: 07/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Bats are the only mammals capable of self-powered flight using wings. Differing from mouse or human limbs, four elongated digits within a broad wing membrane support the bat wing, and the foot of the bat has evolved a long calcar that spread the interfemoral membrane. Our recent mRNA sequencing (mRNA-Seq) study found unique expression patterns for genes at the 5' end of the Hoxd gene cluster and for Tbx3 that are associated with digit elongation and wing membrane growth in bats. In this study, we focused on two additional genes, Meis2 and Mab21l2, identified from the mRNA-Seq data. Using whole-mount in situ hybridization (WISH) we validated the mRNA-Seq results for differences in the expression patterns of Meis2 and Mab21l2 between bat and mouse limbs, and further characterize the timing and location of the expression of these two genes. These analyses suggest that Meis2 may function in wing membrane growth and Mab21l2 may have a role in AP and DV axial patterning. In addition, we found that Tbx3 is uniquely expressed in the unique calcar structure found in the bat hindlimb, suggesting a role for this gene in calcar growth and elongation. Moreover, analysis of the coding sequences for Meis2, Mab21l2 and Tbx3 showed that Meis2 and Mab21l2 have high sequence identity, consistent with the functions of genes being conserved, but that Tbx3 showed accelerated evolution in bats. However, evidence for positive selection in Tbx3 was not found, which would suggest that the function of this gene has not been changed. Together, our findings support the hypothesis that the modulation of the spatiotemporal expression patterns of multiple functional conserved genes control limb morphology and drive morphological change in the diversification of mammalian limbs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyao Dai
- Institute of Molecular Ecology and Evolution, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yao Wang
- Institute of Molecular Ecology and Evolution, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lu Fang
- Institute of Molecular Ecology and Evolution, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - David M. Irwin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Tengteng Zhu
- Institute of Molecular Ecology and Evolution, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Junpeng Zhang
- Institute of Molecular Ecology and Evolution, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuyi Zhang
- Institute of Molecular Ecology and Evolution, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhe Wang
- Institute of Molecular Ecology and Evolution, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
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Nolte MJ, Wang Y, Deng JM, Swinton PG, Wei C, Guindani M, Schwartz RJ, Behringer RR. Functional analysis of limb transcriptional enhancers in the mouse. Evol Dev 2014; 16:207-23. [PMID: 24920384 DOI: 10.1111/ede.12084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Transcriptional enhancers are genomic sequences bound by transcription factors that act together with basal transcriptional machinery to regulate gene transcription. Several high-throughput methods have generated large datasets of tissue-specific enhancer sequences with putative roles in developmental processes. However, few enhancers have been deleted from the genome to determine their roles in development. To understand the roles of two enhancers active in the mouse embryonic limb bud we deleted them from the genome. Although the genes regulated by these enhancers are unknown, they were selected because they were identified in a screen for putative limb bud-specific enhancers associated with p300, an acetyltransferase that participates in protein complexes that promote active transcription, and because the orthologous human enhancers (H1442 and H280) drive distinct lacZ expression patterns in limb buds of embryonic day (E) 11.5 transgenic mice. We show that the orthologous mouse sequences, M1442 and M280, regulate dynamic expression in the developing limb. Although significant transcriptional differences in enhancer-proximal genes in embryonic limb buds accompany the deletion of M1442 and M280 no gross limb malformations during embryonic development were observed, demonstrating that M1442 and M280 are not required for mouse limb development. However, M280 is required for the development and/or maintenance of body size; M280 mice are significantly smaller than controls. M280 also harbors an "ultraconserved" sequence that is identical between human, rat, and mouse. This is the first report of a phenotype resulting from the deletion of an ultraconserved element. These studies highlight the importance of determining enhancer regulatory function by experiments that manipulate them in situ and suggest that some of an enhancer's regulatory capacities may be developmentally tolerated rather than developmentally required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark J Nolte
- Graduate Program in Genes and Development, University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Genetics, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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Wang Z, Dai M, Wang Y, Cooper KL, Zhu T, Dong D, Zhang J, Zhang S. Unique expression patterns of multiple key genes associated with the evolution of mammalian flight. Proc Biol Sci 2014; 281:20133133. [PMID: 24695426 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2013.3133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Bats are the only mammals capable of true flight. Critical adaptations for flight include a pair of dramatically elongated hands with broad wing membranes. To study the molecular mechanisms of bat wing evolution, we perform genomewide mRNA sequencing and in situ hybridization for embryonic bat limbs. We identify seven key genes that display unique expression patterns in embryonic bat wings and feet, compared with mouse fore- and hindlimbs. The expression of all 5'HoxD genes (Hoxd9-13) and Tbx3, six known crucial transcription factors for limb and digit development, is extremely high and prolonged in the elongating wing area. The expression of Fam5c, a tumour suppressor, in bat limbs is bat-specific and significantly high in all short digit regions (the thumb and foot digits). These results suggest multiple genetic changes occurred independently during the evolution of bat wings to elongate the hand digits, promote membrane growth and keep other digits short. Our findings also indicate that the evolution of limb morphology depends on the complex integration of multiple gene regulatory networks and biological processes that control digit formation and identity, chondrogenesis, and interdigital regression or retention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Wang
- Institute of Molecular Ecology and Evolution (iAIR), East China Normal University, , Shanghai 200062, People's Republic of China, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, , San Diego, CA 92093, USA, Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, , Boston, MA 02115, USA
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