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Yoon J, Kumar S, Lee H, Rehman ZU, Park S, Lee U, Kim J. Sizzled (Frzb3) physically interacts with noncanonical Wnt ligands to inhibit gastrulation cell movement. Mol Cells 2024; 47:100068. [PMID: 38759887 DOI: 10.1016/j.mocell.2024.100068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024] Open
Abstract
The coordinated movement of germ layer progenitor cells reaches its peak at the dorsal side, where the Bmp signaling gradient is low, and minimum at the ventral side, where the Bmp gradient is high. This dynamic cell movement is regulated by the interplay of various signaling pathways. The noncanonical Wnt signaling cascade serves as a pivotal regulator of convergence and extension cell movement, facilitated by the activation of small GTPases such as Rho, Rab, and Rac. However, the underlying cause of limited cell movement at the ventral side remains elusive. To explore the functional role of a key regulator in constraining gastrulation cell movement at the ventral side, we investigated the Bmp4-direct target gene, sizzled (szl), to assess its potential role in inhibiting noncanonical Wnt signaling. In our current study, we demonstrated that ectopic expression of szl led to gastrulation defects in a dose-dependent manner without altering cell fate specification. Overexpression of szl resulted in decreased elongation of Activin-treated animal cap and Keller explants. Furthermore, our immunoprecipitation assay unveiled the physical interaction of Szl with noncanonical Wnt ligand proteins (Wnt5 and Wnt11). Additionally, the activation of small GTPases involved in Wnt signaling mediation (RhoA and Rac1) was diminished upon szl overexpression. In summary, our findings suggest that Bmp4 signaling negatively modulates cell movement from the ventral side of the embryo by inducing szl expression during early Xenopus gastrulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaeho Yoon
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Cell Differentiation and Aging, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-Do 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Santosh Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Cell Differentiation and Aging, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-Do 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Haeryung Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 04310, Republic of Korea
| | - Zia Ur Rehman
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Cell Differentiation and Aging, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-Do 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Soochul Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 04310, Republic of Korea
| | - Unjoo Lee
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-Do 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaebong Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Cell Differentiation and Aging, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-Do 24252, Republic of Korea
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Miao H, Li X, Liang Y, Tang H, Song Z, Nie S. Expression of secreted frizzled-related proteins in acute aortic dissection patients and the effects on prognosis. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1139122. [PMID: 38188253 PMCID: PMC10766824 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1139122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Secreted frizzled-related proteins (SFRPs) were reported to be involved in cardiovascular diseases. This study aimed to observe plasma SFRP levels in acute aortic dissection (AD) patients and the effects of SFRP expression on AD prognosis. Methods Plasma levels of SFRP1, SFRP2, SFRP3, SFRP4, and SFRP5 were measured in AD patients and non-AD (NAD) patients. The end-point events information of AD patients, including all-cause death and various clinical complications due to aortic dissection, was collected during a 36-month follow-up. Results The SFRP1, SFRP2, SFRP3, and SFRP4 levels were increased in AD patients compared with those in NAD patients, while the SFRP5 concentrations were decreased. No differences in any of the SFRP levels were observed between the type A group and the type B group. The AD patients with end-point events exhibited higher SFRP1, SFRP2, SFRP3, and SFRP4 concentrations but lower SFRP5 levels than the patients without end-point events. In addition, the AD patients were divided into a high group and a low group based on the median SFRP levels, and Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed that the AD patients with high SFRP1, SFRP2, SFRP4, or SFRP5 levels had a better prognosis than those with low levels. However, the AD patients with high SFRP3 levels exhibited the opposite trends. The binary logistic regression analysis found that SFRP1, SFRP2, SFRP4, and SFRP5 were all negatively correlated with the occurrence of end-point events, while SFRP3 was positively correlated with its occurrence. Conclusions SFRP levels are all changed in acute AD, which may affect the prognosis of AD patients. SFRPs may be a target to improve the prognosis of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huangtai Miao
- Center for Cononary Artery Disease, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoying Li
- Department of Health Care for Cadres, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Liang
- Emergency & Critical Care Center, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Tang
- Center for Cononary Artery Disease, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zihao Song
- School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shaoping Nie
- Center for Cononary Artery Disease, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Abstract
Most colorectal cancers (CRC) are associated with activated Wnt signaling, making it the fourth most prevalent type of cancer globally. To function properly, the Wnt signaling pathway requires secreted glycoproteins known as Wnt ligands (Wnts). Humans have 19 Wnts, which suggest a complicated signaling and biological process, and we still know little about their functions in developing CRC. This review aims to describe the canonical Wnt signaling in CRC, particularly the Wnt3a expression pattern, and their association with the angiogenesis and progression of CRC. This review also sheds light on the inhibition of Wnt3a signaling in CRC. Despite some obstacles, a thorough understanding of Wnts is essential for effectively managing CRC.
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Alvarez-Rodrigo I, Willnow D, Vincent JP. The logistics of Wnt production and delivery. Curr Top Dev Biol 2023; 153:1-60. [PMID: 36967191 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2023.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Wnts are secreted proteins that control stem cell maintenance, cell fate decisions, and growth during development and adult homeostasis. Wnts carry a post-translational modification not seen in any other secreted protein: during biosynthesis, they are appended with a palmitoleoyl moiety that is required for signaling but also impairs solubility and hence diffusion in the extracellular space. In some contexts, Wnts act only in a juxtacrine manner but there are also instances of long range action. Several proteins and processes ensure that active Wnts reach the appropriate target cells. Some, like Porcupine, Wntless, and Notum are dedicated to Wnt function; we describe their activities in molecular detail. We also outline how the cell infrastructure (secretory, endocytic, and retromer pathways) contribute to the progression of Wnts from production to delivery. We then address how Wnts spread in the extracellular space and form a signaling gradient despite carrying a hydrophobic moiety. We highlight particularly the role of lipid-binding Wnt interactors and heparan sulfate proteoglycans. Finally, we briefly discuss how evolution might have led to the emergence of this unusual signaling pathway.
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Wnt signaling and the regulation of pluripotency. Curr Top Dev Biol 2023; 153:95-119. [PMID: 36967203 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2023.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
The role of Wnt signaling in stem cells has been mired in seemingly contradictory findings. On one hand, Wnt has been heralded as a self-renewal factor. On the other hand, Wnt's association with differentiation and lineage commitment is indisputable. This apparent contradiction is particularly evident in pluripotent stem cells, where Wnt promotes self-renewal as well as differentiation. To resolve this discrepancy one must delve into fundamental principles of pluripotency and gain an appreciation for the concept of pluripotency states, which exist in a continuum with intermediate metastable states, some of which have been stabilized in vitro. Wnt signaling is a critical regulator of transitions between pluripotent states. Here, we will discuss Wnt's roles in maintaining pluripotency, promoting differentiation, as well as stimulating reprogramming of somatic cells to an induced pluripotent state.
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Arredondo SB, Valenzuela-Bezanilla D, Santibanez SH, Varela-Nallar L. Wnt signaling in the adult hippocampal neurogenic niche. Stem Cells 2022; 40:630-640. [PMID: 35446432 DOI: 10.1093/stmcls/sxac027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
The subgranular zone (SGZ) of the hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG) is a neurogenic niche of the adult brain that contains neural stem cells (NSCs) able to generate excitatory glutamatergic granule neurons, which integrate into the DG circuit and contribute to hippocampal plasticity, learning, and memory. Thus, endogenous NSCs could be harnessed for therapeutic purposes. In this context, it is critical to characterize the molecular mechanisms controlling the generation and functional integration of adult-born neurons. Adult hippocampal neurogenesis is tightly controlled by both cell-autonomous mechanisms and the interaction with the complex niche microenvironment, which harbors the NSCs and provides the signals to support their maintenance, activation, and differentiation. Among niche-derived factors, Wnt ligands play diverse roles. Wnts are secreted glycoproteins that bind to Frizzled receptors and co-receptors to trigger the Wnt signaling pathway. Here, we summarize the current knowledge about the roles of Wnts in the regulation of adult hippocampal neurogenesis. We discuss the possible contribution of the different niche cells to the regulation of local Wnt signaling activity, and how Wnts derived from different cell types could induce differential effects. Finally, we discuss how the effects of Wnt signaling on hippocampal network activity might contribute to neurogenesis regulation. Although the evidence supports relevant roles for Wnt signaling in adult hippocampal neurogenesis, defining the cellular source and the mechanisms controlling secretion and diffusion of Wnts will be crucial to further understand Wnt signaling regulation of adult NSCs, and eventually, to propose this pathway as a therapeutic target to promote neurogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian B Arredondo
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Faculty of Life Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Echaurren 183, 8370071, Santiago, Chile
| | - Daniela Valenzuela-Bezanilla
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Faculty of Life Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Echaurren 183, 8370071, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sebastian H Santibanez
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Faculty of Life Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Echaurren 183, 8370071, Santiago, Chile
| | - Lorena Varela-Nallar
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Faculty of Life Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Echaurren 183, 8370071, Santiago, Chile
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7
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An itch for things remote: The journey of Wnts. Curr Top Dev Biol 2022; 150:91-128. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2022.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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8
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Panebianco CJ, Dave A, Charytonowicz D, Sebra R, Iatridis JC. Single-cell RNA-sequencing atlas of bovine caudal intervertebral discs: Discovery of heterogeneous cell populations with distinct roles in homeostasis. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21919. [PMID: 34591994 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202101149r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Back and neck pain are significant healthcare burdens that are commonly associated with pathologies of the intervertebral disc (IVD). The poor understanding of the cellular heterogeneity within the IVD makes it difficult to develop regenerative IVD therapies. To address this gap, we developed an atlas of bovine (Bos taurus) caudal IVDs using single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq). Unsupervised clustering resolved 15 unique clusters, which we grouped into the following annotated partitions: nucleus pulposus (NP), outer annulus fibrosus (oAF), inner AF (iAF), notochord, muscle, endothelial, and immune cells. Analyzing the pooled gene expression profiles of the NP, oAF, and iAF partitions allowed us to identify novel markers for NP (CP, S100B, H2AC18, SNORC, CRELD2, PDIA4, DNAJC3, CHCHD7, and RCN2), oAF (IGFBP6, CTSK, LGALS1, and CCN3), and iAF (MGP, COMP, SPP1, GSN, SOD2, DCN, FN1, TIMP3, WDR73, and GAL) cells. Network analysis on subpopulations of NP and oAF cells determined that clusters NP1, NP2, NP4, and oAF1 displayed gene expression profiles consistent with cell survival, suggesting these clusters may uniquely support viability under the physiological stresses of the IVD. Clusters NP3, NP5, oAF2, and oAF3 expressed various extracellular matrix (ECM)-associated genes, suggesting their role in maintaining IVD structure. Lastly, transcriptional entropy and pseudotime analyses found that clusters NP3 and NP1 had the most stem-like gene expression signatures of the NP partition, implying these clusters may contain IVD progenitor cells. Overall, results highlight cell type diversity within the IVD, and these novel cell phenotypes may enhance our understanding of IVD development, homeostasis, degeneration, and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Panebianco
- Leni and Peter W. May Department of Orthopaedics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Arpit Dave
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Daniel Charytonowicz
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Robert Sebra
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA.,Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomics Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA.,Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA.,Sema4, a Mount Sinai venture, Stamford, Connecticut, USA
| | - James C Iatridis
- Leni and Peter W. May Department of Orthopaedics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
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Yuan Y, Guo M, Gu C, Yang Y. The role of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in the pathogenesis and treatment of multiple myeloma (review). Am J Transl Res 2021; 13:9932-9949. [PMID: 34650674 PMCID: PMC8507016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a refractory hematological malignancy characterized by aberrant accumulation of plasma cells. Patients with MM are susceptible to becoming resistant to chemotherapy, eventually leading to relapse. Progression of MM is largely dependent on the bone marrow microenvironment. Stromal cells in the bone marrow microenvironment secrete Wnt ligands to activate Wnt signaling in MM, which is mediated through the transcription regulator β-catenin. In addition, Wnt/β-catenin pathway encourages osteoblast differentiation and bone formation, dysregulation of which is responsible for proliferation and drug resistance of MM cells. As a result, direct inhibition or silencing of β-catenin or associated genes in the Wnt/β-catenin pathway has been proposed to be an effective therapeutic anti-MM strategy. However, the underlying regulatory mechanism of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in MM remains to be fully elucidated. Herein, we summarized research advances on the specific genes and molecular biology process of Wnt/β-catenin pathway involved in tumorigenesis of MM, as well as the interaction with bone marrow microenvironment. Additionally, comprehensive summaries of drugs or small molecule inhibitors acting on Wnt/β-catenin pathway and targeting MM were introduced. This review intends to provide an overview of theoretical supports for novel Wnt/β-catenin pathway based treatment strategies in MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxia Yuan
- Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese MedicineNanjing 210022, Jiangsu, China
- School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese MedicineNanjing 210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mengjie Guo
- School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese MedicineNanjing 210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chunyan Gu
- Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese MedicineNanjing 210022, Jiangsu, China
- School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese MedicineNanjing 210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ye Yang
- Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese MedicineNanjing 210022, Jiangsu, China
- School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese MedicineNanjing 210023, Jiangsu, China
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10
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Nawrocki MJ, Jopek K, Zdun M, Mozdziak P, Jemielity M, Perek B, Bukowska D, Kempisty B. Expression Profile of Genes Encoding Proteins Involved in Regulation of Vasculature Development and Heart Muscle Morphogenesis-A Transcriptomic Approach Based on a Porcine Model. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168794. [PMID: 34445494 PMCID: PMC8395751 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite significant advances in treatment of acute coronary syndromes (ACS) many subjects still develop heart failure due to significantly reduced ejection fraction. Currently, there are no commonly available treatment strategies that replace the infarcted/dysfunctional myocardium. Therefore, understanding the mechanisms that control the regeneration of the heart muscle is important. The development of new coronary vessels plays a pivotal role in cardiac regeneration. Employing microarray expression assays and RT-qPCR validation expression pattern of genes in long-term primary cultured cells isolated form the right atrial appendage (RAA) and right atrium (RA) was evaluated. After using DAVID software, it indicated the analysis expression profiles of genes involved in ontological groups such as: “angiogenesis”, “blood vessel morphogenesis”, “circulatory system development”, “regulation of vasculature development”, and “vasculature development” associated with the process of creation new blood vessels. The performed transcriptomic comparative analysis between two different compartments of the heart muscle allowed us to indicate the presence of differences in the expression of key transcripts depending on the cell source. Increases in culture intervals significantly increased expression of SFRP2, PRRX1 genes and some other genes involved in inflammatory process, such as: CCL2, IL6, and ROBO1. Moreover, the right atrial appendage gene encoding lysyl oxidase (LOX) showed much higher expression compared to the pre-cultivation state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariusz J. Nawrocki
- Department of Anatomy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-781 Poznań, Poland;
| | - Karol Jopek
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-781 Poznań, Poland;
| | - Maciej Zdun
- Department of Basic and Preclinical Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 87-100 Toruń, Poland;
| | - Paul Mozdziak
- Physiology Graduate Program, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA;
- Prestage Department of Poultry Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Marek Jemielity
- Department of Cardiac Surgery and Transplantology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-848 Poznań, Poland; (M.J.); (B.P.)
| | - Bartłomiej Perek
- Department of Cardiac Surgery and Transplantology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-848 Poznań, Poland; (M.J.); (B.P.)
| | - Dorota Bukowska
- Department of Diagnostics and Clinical Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 87-100 Toruń, Poland;
| | - Bartosz Kempisty
- Department of Anatomy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-781 Poznań, Poland;
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-781 Poznań, Poland;
- Prestage Department of Poultry Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-61-8546418; Fax: +48-61-8546440
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Koch S. Regulation of Wnt Signaling by FOX Transcription Factors in Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13143446. [PMID: 34298659 PMCID: PMC8307807 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13143446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Cancer is caused by a breakdown of cell-to-cell communication, which results in the unrestricted expansion of cells within a tissue. In many cases, tumor growth is maintained by the continuous activation of cell signaling programs that normally drive embryonic development and wound repair. In this review article, I discuss how one of the largest human protein families, namely FOX proteins, controls the activity of the Wnt pathway, a major regulatory signaling cascade in developing organisms and adult stem cells. Evidence suggests that there is considerable crosstalk between FOX proteins and the Wnt pathway, which contributes to cancer initiation and progression. A better understanding of FOX biology may therefore lead to the development of new targeted treatments for many types of cancer. Abstract Aberrant activation of the oncogenic Wnt signaling pathway is a hallmark of numerous types of cancer. However, in many cases, it is unclear how a chronically high Wnt signaling tone is maintained in the absence of activating pathway mutations. Forkhead box (FOX) family transcription factors are key regulators of embryonic development and tissue homeostasis, and there is mounting evidence that they act in part by fine-tuning the Wnt signaling output in a tissue-specific and context-dependent manner. Here, I review the diverse ways in which FOX transcription factors interact with the Wnt pathway, and how the ectopic reactivation of FOX proteins may affect Wnt signaling activity in various types of cancer. Many FOX transcription factors are partially functionally redundant and exhibit a highly restricted expression pattern, especially in adults. Thus, precision targeting of individual FOX proteins may lead to safe treatment options for Wnt-dependent cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Koch
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine (WCMM), Linköping University, 58185 Linköping, Sweden; ; Tel.: +46-132-829-69
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences (BKV), Linköping University, 58185 Linköping, Sweden
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Moreno SE, Massee M, Bara H, Koob TJ. Dehydrated human amniotic membrane modulates canonical Wnt signaling in multiple cell types in vitro. Eur J Cell Biol 2021; 100:151168. [PMID: 34246182 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2021.151168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Canonical Wnt signaling is a major pathway known to regulate diverse physiological processes in multicellular organisms. Signaling is tightly regulated by feedback mechanisms; however, persistent dysregulation of this pathway is implicated in the progression of multiple disease states. In this study, proteomic analysis identified endogenous Wnt antagonists in micronized dehydrated human amnion/chorion membrane (μdHACM); thereby, prompting a study to further characterize the intrinsic properties of μdHACM as it relates to Wnt activity, in vitro. A TCF/LEF reporter cell line demonstrated the general ability of μdHACM to inhibit β-catenin induced transcription activity. Furthermore, in vitro systems, modeling elevated Wnt signaling, were developed in relevant cell types including tenocytes, synoviocytes, and human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs). Stimulation of these cells with Wnt3A resulted in translocation of β-catenin to the nucleus and increased expression of Wnt related genes. The subsequent addition of μdHACM, in the continued presence of Wnt-stimulus, mitigated the downstream effects of Wnt3A in tenocytes, synoviocytes, and HDFs. Nuclear localization of β-catenin was abated with corresponding reduction of Wnt related gene expression. These data demonstrate the in vitro regulation of canonical Wnt signaling as an inherent property of μdHACM and a novel mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Moreno
- MiMedx Group, Inc. 1775 West Oak Commons Court NE, Marietta, GA 30062, USA
| | - Michelle Massee
- MiMedx Group, Inc. 1775 West Oak Commons Court NE, Marietta, GA 30062, USA.
| | - Heather Bara
- MiMedx Group, Inc. 1775 West Oak Commons Court NE, Marietta, GA 30062, USA
| | - Thomas J Koob
- MiMedx Group, Inc. 1775 West Oak Commons Court NE, Marietta, GA 30062, USA
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Comprehensive Analysis of SFRP Family Members Prognostic Value and Immune Infiltration in Gastric Cancer. LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:life11060522. [PMID: 34205081 PMCID: PMC8228899 DOI: 10.3390/life11060522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is the fifth most common cancer globally. Secreted frizzled-related proteins (SFRP) are important elements associated with the Wnt signaling pathway, and its dysregulated expression is found in multiple cancers. However, the function of distinct SFRPs in GC remains poorly understood. We investigated the differential expression, prognostic value, and immune cell infiltration of SFRPs in gastric cancer patients from the Oncomine, Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA), UALCAN, Kaplan-Meier plotter, cBioPortal, STRING, Gene-MANIA, DAVID, MethSurv, and TIMER databases. We found that the expression levels of SFRP2 and SFRP4 were significantly increased in GC tissues, whereas the SFRP1 and SFRP5 expressions were reduced. SFRP1, SFRP2, and SFRP5 were significantly correlated with the clinical cancer stage in GC patients. Higher expression of SFRPs was associated with short overall survival (OS) in GC patients. Besides, high SFRPs methylation showed favorable OS in GC patients. The functions of SFRPs were primarily related to the Wnt signaling pathway, immune system development, and basal cell carcinoma. The expression of SFRPs was strongly correlated with immune infiltrating cells, including CD4+ T cells and macrophages in GC. Our study indicated that SFRPs could be potential targets of precision therapy and prognostic biomarkers for the survival of GC patients.
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Dhasmana D, Veerapathiran S, Azbazdar Y, Nelanuthala AVS, Teh C, Ozhan G, Wohland T. Wnt3 Is Lipidated at Conserved Cysteine and Serine Residues in Zebrafish Neural Tissue. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:671218. [PMID: 34124053 PMCID: PMC8189181 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.671218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Wnt proteins are a family of hydrophobic cysteine-rich secreted glycoproteins that regulate a gamut of physiological processes involved in embryonic development and tissue homeostasis. Wnt ligands are post-translationally lipidated in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), a step essential for its membrane targeting, association with lipid domains, secretion and interaction with receptors. However, at which residue(s) Wnts are lipidated remains an open question. Initially it was proposed that Wnts are lipid-modified at their conserved cysteine and serine residues (C77 and S209 in mWnt3a), and mutations in either residue impedes its secretion and activity. Conversely, some studies suggested that serine is the only lipidated residue in Wnts, and substitution of serine with alanine leads to retention of Wnts in the ER. In this work, we investigate whether in zebrafish neural tissues Wnt3 is lipidated at one or both conserved residues. To this end, we substitute the homologous cysteine and serine residues of zebrafish Wnt3 with alanine (C80A and S212A) and investigate their influence on Wnt3 membrane organization, secretion, interaction and signaling activity. Collectively, our results indicate that Wnt3 is lipid modified at its C80 and S212 residues. Further, we find that lipid addition at either C80 or S212 is sufficient for its secretion and membrane organization, while the lipid modification at S212 is indispensable for receptor interaction and signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Dhasmana
- Department of Biological Sciences and Center for BioImaging Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sapthaswaran Veerapathiran
- Department of Biological Sciences and Center for BioImaging Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yagmur Azbazdar
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center (IBG), Dokuz Eylul University Health Campus, Izmir, Turkey
- Izmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute (IBG-Izmir), Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | | | - Cathleen Teh
- Department of Biological Sciences and Center for BioImaging Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Gunes Ozhan
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center (IBG), Dokuz Eylul University Health Campus, Izmir, Turkey
- Izmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute (IBG-Izmir), Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Thorsten Wohland
- Department of Biological Sciences and Center for BioImaging Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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15
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Sunkara RR, Koulgi S, Jani V, Gadewal N, Sonavane U, Joshi R, Waghmare SK. Understanding the binding affinities between SFRP1 CRD, SFRP1 Netrin, Wnt 5B and frizzled receptors 2, 3 and 7 using MD simulations. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2021; 40:6831-6844. [PMID: 33666148 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2021.1890219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
cWnt-signalling plays a crucial role in stem cell maintenance and tissue homeostasis. Secreted frizzled-related proteins(SFRP), Wnt inhibitors consist of the N-terminal cysteine rich domain(CRD) and the C-terminal netrin(NTR) domain. SFRP1 binds to the Wnt ligands and frizzled receptors(FZ) either through its SFRP1CRD or through its SFRP1Netrin domains; however, very little is known on these binding affinities. Here, we attempted to understand the interactions and binding affinities of SFRP1-Wnt5B, SFRP1-FZ(2, 3 & 7) and Wnt5B-FZ(2, 3 & 7) that are mainly expressed in murine hair follicle stem cells. SFRP1CRD, SFRP1Netrin, Wnt5B and FZ(2, 3 & 7) structures were built using homology modelling, followed by their molecular dynamics simulations. SFRP1CRD showed lower fluctuation when in complex with FZ2, FZ3 and FZ7 and Wnt5B as compared to SFRP1Netrin using RMSF and RMSD. However, free energy showed SFRP1Netrin was energetically more stable than SFRP1CRD. SFRP1Netrin formed more number of interactions with FZ as compared to SFRP1CRD. Importantly, SFRP1Netrin favoured binding to the FZ receptors(FZ3 > FZ7 > FZ2) as compared to Wnt5B ligand. Conversely, the SFRP1CRD showed more affinity towards the Wnt5B ligand as compared to FZ receptors. Wnt5B showed the best binding affinity with FZ3 followed by SFRP1CRD and SFRP1Netrin. Therefore, SFRP1Netrin can bind to the FZ3 with higher binding affinity and may inhibit non-canonical Wnt-signalling pathway. Our study provides the comprehensive information on the binding affinities among the Wnt5B, SFRP1CRD/Netrin and FZ(2, 3 & 7). Thus, this information might also help in designing novel strategies to inhibit aberrant Wnt-signalling.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raghava R Sunkara
- Stem Cell Biology Group, Waghmare Lab, Cancer Research Institute, Advanced Centre for Treatment Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, India.,Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Mumbai, India
| | - Shruti Koulgi
- High Performance Computing-Medical and Bioinformatics Group, Centre for Development of Advanced Computing, Panchawati, Pashan, Pune, India
| | - Vinod Jani
- High Performance Computing-Medical and Bioinformatics Group, Centre for Development of Advanced Computing, Panchawati, Pashan, Pune, India
| | - Nikhil Gadewal
- Bioinformatics Centre, Cancer Research Institute, Advanced Centre for Treatment Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Uddhavesh Sonavane
- High Performance Computing-Medical and Bioinformatics Group, Centre for Development of Advanced Computing, Panchawati, Pashan, Pune, India
| | - Rajendra Joshi
- High Performance Computing-Medical and Bioinformatics Group, Centre for Development of Advanced Computing, Panchawati, Pashan, Pune, India
| | - Sanjeev K Waghmare
- Stem Cell Biology Group, Waghmare Lab, Cancer Research Institute, Advanced Centre for Treatment Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, India.,Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Mumbai, India
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16
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Guan H, Zhang J, Luan J, Xu H, Huang Z, Yu Q, Gou X, Xu L. Secreted Frizzled Related Proteins in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:712217. [PMID: 34489867 PMCID: PMC8417734 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.712217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormal gene expression and secreted protein levels are accompanied by extensive pathological changes. Secreted frizzled related protein (SFRP) family members are antagonistic inhibitors of the Wnt signaling pathway, and they were recently found to be involved in the pathogenesis of a variety of metabolic diseases, which has led to extensive interest in SFRPs. Previous reports highlighted the importance of SFRPs in lipid metabolism, obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular diseases. In this review, we provide a detailed introduction of SFRPs, including their structural characteristics, receptors, inhibitors, signaling pathways and metabolic disease impacts. In addition to summarizing the pathologies and potential molecular mechanisms associated with SFRPs, this review further suggests the potential future use of SFRPs as disease biomarkers therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Dental Materials and Advanced Manufacture, Department of Anethesiology, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Ischemic Cardiovascular Disease, Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Xi’an Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Jing Luan
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Dental Materials and Advanced Manufacture, Department of Anethesiology, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Brain Disorders & Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Xi’an Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Hao Xu
- Institution of Basic Medical Science, Xi’an Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Zhenghao Huang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Ischemic Cardiovascular Disease, Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Xi’an Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Qi Yu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Ischemic Cardiovascular Disease, Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Xi’an Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Xingchun Gou
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Brain Disorders & Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Xi’an Medical University, Xi’an, China
- *Correspondence: Lixian Xu, ; Xingchun Gou,
| | - Lixian Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Dental Materials and Advanced Manufacture, Department of Anethesiology, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
- *Correspondence: Lixian Xu, ; Xingchun Gou,
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17
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Li Y, Du L, Cheng S, Guo J, Zhu S, Wang Y, Gao H. Hypoxia exacerbates cardiomyocyte injury via upregulation of Wnt3a and inhibition of Sirt3. Cytokine 2020; 136:155237. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2020.155237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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18
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Zhu T, Bao X, Chen M, Lin R, Zhuyan J, Zhen T, Xing K, Zhou W, Zhu S. Mechanisms and Future of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Metastasis. Front Oncol 2020; 10:585284. [PMID: 33262947 PMCID: PMC7686569 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.585284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer, renowned for its fast progression and metastatic potency, is rising to become a leading cause of death globally. It has been long observed that lung cancer is particularly ept in spawning distant metastasis at its early stages, and it can readily colonize virtually any human organ. In recent years, cancer research has shed light on why lung cancer is endowed with its exceptional ability to metastasize. In this review, we will take a comprehensive look at the current research on lung cancer metastasis, including molecular pathways, anatomical features and genetic traits that make lung cancer intrinsically metastatic, as we go from lung cancer’s general metastatic potential to the particular metastasis mechanisms in multiple organs. We highly concerned about the advanced discovery and development of lung cancer metastasis, indicating the importance of lung cancer specific gene mutations, heterogeneity or biomarker discovery, and discussing potential opportunities and challenges. We will also introduce some current treatments that targets certain metastatic strategies of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Advances made in these regards could be critical to our current knowledge base of lung cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianhao Zhu
- School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Starriver Bilingual School, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Mingyu Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Rui Lin
- Department of General Surgery, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University Medical School, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianan Zhuyan
- Shanghai Starriver Bilingual School, Shanghai, China
| | | | | | - Wei Zhou
- Department of Emergency, Souths Campus, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Sibo Zhu
- School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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19
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Mafakher L, Rismani E, Rahimi H, Enayatkhani M, Azadmanesh K, Teimoori-Toolabi L. Computational design of antagonist peptides based on the structure of secreted frizzled-related protein-1 (SFRP1) aiming to inhibit Wnt signaling pathway. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2020; 40:2169-2188. [DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2020.1835718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ladan Mafakher
- Molecular Medicine Department, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elham Rismani
- Molecular Medicine Department, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamzeh Rahimi
- Molecular Medicine Department, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Enayatkhani
- Molecular Medicine Department, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Ladan Teimoori-Toolabi
- Molecular Medicine Department, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
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20
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van Loon K, Huijbers EJM, Griffioen AW. Secreted frizzled-related protein 2: a key player in noncanonical Wnt signaling and tumor angiogenesis. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2020; 40:191-203. [PMID: 33140138 PMCID: PMC7897195 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-020-09941-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Secreted frizzled-related proteins (SFRP) are glycoproteins containing a so-called frizzled-like cysteine-rich domain. This domain enables them to bind to Wnt ligands or frizzled (FzD) receptors, making potent regulators of Wnt signaling. As Wnt signaling is often altered in cancer, it is not surprising that Wnt regulators such as SFRP proteins are often differentially expressed in the tumor microenvironment, both in a metastatic and non-metastatic setting. Indeed, SFRP2 is shown to be specifically upregulated in the tumor vasculature of several types of cancer. Several studies investigated the functional role of SFRP2 in the tumor vasculature, showing that SFRP2 binds to FzD receptors on the surface of tumor endothelial cells. This activates downstream Wnt signaling and which is, thereby, stimulating angiogenesis. Interestingly, not the well-known canonical Wnt signaling pathway, but the noncanonical Wnt/Ca2+ pathway seems to be a key player in this event. In tumor models, the pro-angiogenic effect of SFRP2 could be counteracted by antibodies targeting SFRP2, without the occurrence of toxicity. Since tumor angiogenesis is an important process in tumorigenesis and metastasis formation, specific tumor endothelial markers such as SFRP2 show great promise as targets for anti-cancer therapies. This review discusses the role of SFRP2 in noncanonical Wnt signaling and tumor angiogenesis, and highlights its potential as anti-angiogenic therapeutic target in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karlijn van Loon
- Angiogenesis Laboratory, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Department of Medical Oncology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Elisabeth J M Huijbers
- Angiogenesis Laboratory, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Department of Medical Oncology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Arjan W Griffioen
- Angiogenesis Laboratory, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Department of Medical Oncology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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21
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Ming X, Dupree JL, Gallo V, Chew LJ. Sox17 Promotes Oligodendrocyte Regeneration by Dual Modulation of Hedgehog and Wnt Signaling. iScience 2020; 23:101592. [PMID: 33083751 PMCID: PMC7553347 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Signaling pathways that promote oligodendrocyte development improve oligodendrocyte regeneration and myelin recovery from demyelinating pathologies. Sox factors critically control myelin gene expression and oligodendroglial fate, but little is known about signaling events underlying Sox-mediated oligodendroglial regeneration. In this study of the SoxF member Sox17, we demonstrate that Sox17-induced oligodendrocyte regeneration in adult myelin lesions occurs by suppressing lesion-induced Wnt/beta-catenin signaling which is inhibitory to oligodendrocyte regeneration and by increasing Sonic Hedgehog/Smoothened/Gli2 activity. Hedgehog signaling through Smoothened critically supports adult oligodendroglial viability and is an upstream regulator of beta-catenin. Gli2 ablation in adult oligodendrocyte progenitor cells indicates that Gli2 regulates beta-catenin differentially in wild-type and Sox17-overexpressing white matter. Myelin lesions in Sox17-deficient mice show beta-catenin hyperactivation, regenerative failure, and loss of oligodendrogenesis, despite exogenous Hedgehog stimulation. These studies indicate the benefit of Sox17 signaling targets to enhance oligodendrocyte regeneration after demyelination injury by modulating both Hedgehog and Wnt/beta-catenin signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotian Ming
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Children's National Research Institute, Children's National Hospital, Washington DC 20010, USA
| | - Jeffrey L Dupree
- Department Anatomy and Neurobiol, Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Richmond, VA, USA.,Research Service, Hunter Holmes McGuire VA Medical Center, Richmond, VA 23249, USA
| | - Vittorio Gallo
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Children's National Research Institute, Children's National Hospital, Washington DC 20010, USA
| | - Li-Jin Chew
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Children's National Research Institute, Children's National Hospital, Washington DC 20010, USA
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22
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Fernandes LM, Khan NM, Trochez CM, Duan M, Diaz-Hernandez ME, Presciutti SM, Gibson G, Drissi H. Single-cell RNA-seq identifies unique transcriptional landscapes of human nucleus pulposus and annulus fibrosus cells. Sci Rep 2020; 10:15263. [PMID: 32943704 PMCID: PMC7499307 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-72261-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Intervertebral disc (IVD) disease (IDD) is a complex, multifactorial disease. While various aspects of IDD progression have been reported, the underlying molecular pathways and transcriptional networks that govern the maintenance of healthy nucleus pulposus (NP) and annulus fibrosus (AF) have not been fully elucidated. We defined the transcriptome map of healthy human IVD by performing single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) in primary AF and NP cells isolated from non-degenerated lumbar disc. Our systematic and comprehensive analyses revealed distinct genetic architecture of human NP and AF compartments and identified 2,196 differentially expressed genes. Gene enrichment analysis showed that SFRP1, BIRC5, CYTL1, ESM1 and CCNB2 genes were highly expressed in the AF cells; whereas, COL2A1, DSC3, COL9A3, COL11A1, and ANGPTL7 were mostly expressed in the NP cells. Further, functional annotation clustering analysis revealed the enrichment of receptor signaling pathways genes in AF cells, while NP cells showed high expression of genes related to the protein synthesis machinery. Subsequent interaction network analysis revealed a structured network of extracellular matrix genes in NP compartments. Our regulatory network analysis identified FOXM1 and KDM4E as signature transcription factor of AF and NP respectively, which might be involved in the regulation of core genes of AF and NP transcriptome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo M Fernandes
- Department of Orthopaedics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30033, USA.,Atlanta VA Medical Center, Decatur, GA, USA
| | - Nazir M Khan
- Department of Orthopaedics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30033, USA.,Atlanta VA Medical Center, Decatur, GA, USA
| | - Camila M Trochez
- Center for Integrative Genomics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Meixue Duan
- Center for Integrative Genomics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Martha E Diaz-Hernandez
- Department of Orthopaedics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30033, USA.,Atlanta VA Medical Center, Decatur, GA, USA
| | - Steven M Presciutti
- Department of Orthopaedics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30033, USA.,Atlanta VA Medical Center, Decatur, GA, USA
| | - Greg Gibson
- Center for Integrative Genomics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Hicham Drissi
- Department of Orthopaedics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30033, USA. .,Atlanta VA Medical Center, Decatur, GA, USA.
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23
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Chen C, Yang Y, Yao Y. HBO Promotes the Differentiation of Neural Stem Cells via Interactions Between the Wnt3/β-Catenin and BMP2 Signaling Pathways. Cell Transplant 2019; 28:1686-1699. [PMID: 31694396 PMCID: PMC6923559 DOI: 10.1177/0963689719883578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) therapy may promote neurological recovery from hypoxic-ischemic
encephalopathy (HIE). However, the therapeutic effects of HBO and its associated
mechanisms remain unknown. The canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways and bone
morphogenetic protein (BMP) play important roles in mammalian nervous system development.
The present study examined whether HBO stimulates the differentiation of neural stem cells
(NSCs) and its effect on Wnt3/β-catenin and BMP2 signaling pathways. We showed HBO
treatment (2 ATA, 60 min) promoted differentiation of NSCs into neurons and
oligodendrocytes in vitro. In addition, rat hypoxic-ischemic brain damage (HIBD) tissue
extracts also promoted the differentiation of NSCs into neurons and oligodendrocytes, with
the advantage of reducing the number of astrocytes. These effects were most pronounced
when these two were combined together. In addition, the expression of Wnt3a, BMP2, and
β-catenin nuclear proteins were increased after HBO treatment. However, blockade of
Wnt/β-catenin or BMP signaling inhibited NSC differentiation and reduced the expression of
Wnt3a, BMP2, and β-catenin nuclear proteins. In conclusion, HBO promotes differentiation
of NSCs into neurons and oligodendrocytes and reduced the number of astrocytes in vitro
possibly through regulation of Wnt3/β-catenin and BMP2 signaling pathways. HBO may serve
as a potential therapeutic strategy for treating HIE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chongfeng Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou City, Guangdong, China
| | - Yujia Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha City, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Yue Yao
- Department of Pediatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha City, Hunan, P.R. China
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24
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Vargas JY, Loria F, Wu YJ, Córdova G, Nonaka T, Bellow S, Syan S, Hasegawa M, van Woerden GM, Trollet C, Zurzolo C. The Wnt/Ca 2+ pathway is involved in interneuronal communication mediated by tunneling nanotubes. EMBO J 2019; 38:e101230. [PMID: 31625188 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2018101230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Revised: 09/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Tunneling nanotubes (TNTs) are actin-based transient tubular connections that allow direct communication between distant cells. TNTs play an important role in several physiological (development, immunity, and tissue regeneration) and pathological (cancer, neurodegeneration, and pathogens transmission) processes. Here, we report that the Wnt/Ca2+ pathway, an intracellular cascade that is involved in actin cytoskeleton remodeling, has a role in TNT formation and TNT-mediated transfer of cargoes. Specifically, we found that Ca2+ /calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII), a transducer of the Wnt/Ca2+ pathway, regulates TNTs in a neuronal cell line and in primary neurons. We identified the β isoform of CaMKII as a key molecule in modulating TNT formation and transfer, showing that this depends on the actin-binding activity of the protein. Finally, we found that the transfer of vesicles and aggregated α-synuclein between primary neurons can be regulated by the activation of the Wnt/Ca2+ pathway. Our findings suggest that Wnt/Ca2+ pathway could be a novel promising target for therapies designed to impair TNT-mediated propagation of pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Y Vargas
- Unité de Trafic Membranaire et Pathogénèse, Département de Biologie Cellulaire et de l'Infection, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Frida Loria
- Unité de Trafic Membranaire et Pathogénèse, Département de Biologie Cellulaire et de l'Infection, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Yuan-Ju Wu
- Unité de Trafic Membranaire et Pathogénèse, Département de Biologie Cellulaire et de l'Infection, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Gonzalo Córdova
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Association Institut de Myologie, Centre de Recherche en Myologie, UMRS974, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Takashi Nonaka
- Department of Dementia and Higher Brain Function, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Sylvie Syan
- Unité de Trafic Membranaire et Pathogénèse, Département de Biologie Cellulaire et de l'Infection, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Masato Hasegawa
- Department of Dementia and Higher Brain Function, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Geeske M van Woerden
- Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,ENCORE Expertise Center for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Capucine Trollet
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Association Institut de Myologie, Centre de Recherche en Myologie, UMRS974, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Chiara Zurzolo
- Unité de Trafic Membranaire et Pathogénèse, Département de Biologie Cellulaire et de l'Infection, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
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25
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Zhang Y, Jeffrey J, Dong F, Zhang J, Kao WWY, Liu CY, Yuan Y. Repressed Wnt Signaling Accelerates the Aging Process in Mouse Eyes. J Ophthalmol 2019; 2019:7604396. [PMID: 31318361 PMCID: PMC6604355 DOI: 10.1155/2019/7604396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Ocular aging is a natural process of functional decline in vision. When the process reaches a point that compromised vision affects normal daily activity, it manifests as age-related ocular diseases, such as age-related macular degeneration, cataracts, glaucoma, and pseudoexfoliation syndrome. We previously reported that repressed Wnt signaling accelerated the maturation of corneal epithelium during tissue development. Here, we explore the hypothesis that repressed Wnt signaling is associated with accelerated aging in mouse eyes. METHODS Wnt ligand antagonist secreted frizzled-related protein 1 (sFRP1) was expressed in the corneal stroma by a tissue-specific, inducible, bitransgenic system. Tissue structure was analyzed for signs of aging. Signal transduction analysis was performed to determine the cellular response to sFRP1. RESULTS Mouse eyes with sFRP1 expression showed signs of accelerated aging, resembling those found in pseudoexfoliation (PEX) syndrome, a known age-related disease. Specific findings include granular deposition on the surface of the anterior lens capsule, pigment loss from the anterior surface of the iris, the presence of fibrillary material in the anterior chamber, and changes in cell size (polymegethism) and shape (pleomorphism) of the corneal endothelial cells. In vitro studies demonstrated that sFRP1 did not inhibit Wnt5a function and that cells responded to sFRP1 and Wnt5a in a very similar manner. CONCLUSION The expression of sFRP1 accelerates the aging process in mouse eyes and future studies are warranted to elucidate the underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujin Zhang
- School of Optometry, Indiana University, 800 East Atwater Avenue, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | - Joseph Jeffrey
- Crawley Vision Research Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Fei Dong
- Crawley Vision Research Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- Crawley Vision Research Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Winston W.-Y. Kao
- Crawley Vision Research Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Chia-Yang Liu
- School of Optometry, Indiana University, 800 East Atwater Avenue, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | - Yong Yuan
- Crawley Vision Research Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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26
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Silencing microRNA-27a inhibits proliferation and invasion of human osteosarcoma cells through the SFRP1-dependent Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Biosci Rep 2019; 39:BSR20182366. [PMID: 31072914 PMCID: PMC6549093 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20182366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2018] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is the most common malignant tumor of bone with a high potential for metastasis. Importantly, microRNA-27a (miR-27a) is involved in the progression of osteosarcoma. The present study aims to discuss the effects of miR-27a and its target gene secreted frizzled related protein 1 (SFRP1) on proliferation and invasion of human osteosarcoma cells via Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. The expression of miR-27a and SFRP1 in osteosarcoma tissues and cells was detected, followed by identification of their relations. Subsequently, miR-27a mimic, miR-27a inhibitor, or siRNA against SFRP1 were introduced into cells (HOS and U2OS) to investigate their role in cell proliferation and invasion. The expression of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway-related gene was analyzed to further uncover the regulatory mechanism of miR-27a. The osteosarcoma tissues and cells exhibited elevated miR-27 expression and reduced SFRP1 expression. SFRP1 was verified to be a target gene of miR-27a. Meanwhile, silenced miR-27a inhibited proliferation and invasion of human osteosarcoma cells. Finally, silencing miR-27a inhibited the activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, evidenced by reduced β-catenin expression. Our study draws a conclusion that silencing miR-27a dampens osteosarcoma progression, which might be achieved through the inactivation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway by up-regulating SFRP1.
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Abstract
Wnt proteins are secreted glycoproteins that regulate multiple processes crucial to the development and tissue homeostasis of multicellular organisms, including tissue patterning, proliferation, cell fate specification, cell polarity and migration. To elicit these effects, Wnts act as autocrine as well as paracrine signalling molecules between Wnt-producing and Wnt-receiving cells. More than 40 years after the discovery of the Wg/Wnt pathway, it is still unclear how they are transported to fulfil their paracrine signalling functions. Several mechanisms have been proposed to mediate intercellular Wnt transport, including Wnt-binding proteins, lipoproteins, exosomes and cytonemes. In this Review, we describe the evidence for each proposed mechanism, and discuss how they may contribute to Wnt dispersal in tissue-specific and context-dependent manners, to regulate embryonic development precisely and maintain the internal steady state within a defined tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Routledge
- Living Systems Institute, Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Science, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK
| | - Steffen Scholpp
- Living Systems Institute, Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Science, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK
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Secreted Frizzled-Related Protein 2 Is Associated with Disease Progression and Poor Prognosis in Breast Cancer. DISEASE MARKERS 2019; 2019:6149381. [PMID: 30944668 PMCID: PMC6421737 DOI: 10.1155/2019/6149381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2018] [Revised: 12/01/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Secreted frizzled-related protein 2 (sFRP2) is a secreted protein associated with cancer drug resistance and metastasis. However, few studies have reported serum sFRP2 levels in breast cancer. We evaluated serum sFRP2 as a potential biomarker for breast cancer. Methods Serum sFRP2 concentrations were detected in 274 breast cancer patients along with 147 normal healthy controls by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Diagnostic significance was evaluated by area under the curve (AUC) analysis and the Youden index. Prognostic significance was determined by Kaplan-Meier survival method and univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression model analyses. Results Serum sFRP2 was elevated in breast cancer patients compared to normal healthy controls (P < 0.001). The sensitivity of sFRP2 in diagnosing breast cancer was 76.9% at a specificity of 76.6%. Elevated serum sFRP2 levels are associated with primary tumor size, TNM stage, and lymph node metastases. The Kaplan-Meier curves showed a significant association of serum sFRP2 with progression-free survival. The multivariate Cox analysis confirmed that high serum sFRP2 was an independent prognostic factor for poor prognosis (HR = 3.89, 95% CI = 1.95-7.68, P = 0.001). Conclusions In conclusion, serum sFRP2 may serve as a potential biomarker for breast cancer diagnosis and prognostic evaluation.
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Periasamy P, Tran V, O’Neill HC. Identification of genes which regulate stroma-dependent in vitro hematopoiesis. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0205583. [PMID: 30308055 PMCID: PMC6181386 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0205583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cultured splenic stroma has been shown to support in vitro hematopoiesis in overlaid bone marrow and spleen progenitors. These co-cultures support longterm production of a novel dendritic-like cell type along with transient production of myeloid cells. They also maintain a progenitor cell population. The splenic stromal lines 5G3 and 3B5 have been identified as a supporter and a non-supporter of hematopoiesis. Based on their gene expression profile, both 5G3 and 3B5 express genes related to hematopoiesis, while 5G3 cells express several unique genes, and show upregulation of some genes over 3B5. Based on gene expression studies, specific inhibitors were tested for capacity to inhibit hematopoiesis in co-cultures. Addition of specific antibodies and small molecule inhibitors identified VCAM1, CXCL12, CSF1 and SPP1 as potential regulators of hematopoiesis, although both are expressed by 5G3 and 3B5. Through inhibition of function, SVEP1 and ALDH1 are also shown here to be deterministic of 5G3 hematopoietic support capacity, since these are uniquely expressed by 5G3 and not 3B5. The achievement of inhibition is notable given the dynamic, longterm nature of co-cultures which involve only small numbers of cells. The alternate plan, to add recombinant soluble factors produced by 5G3 back into 3B5 co-cultures in order to recover in vitro hematopoiesis, proved ineffective. Out of 6 different factors added to 3B5, only IGF2 showed any effect on cell production. The identification of differentially expressed or upregulated genes in 5G3 has provided an insight into potential pathways involved in in vitro hematopoiesis leading to production of dendritic-like cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pravin Periasamy
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Vinson Tran
- Division of Biomedical Science, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Helen C. O’Neill
- Clem Jones Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
- * E-mail:
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Grainger S, Willert K. Mechanisms of Wnt signaling and control. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. SYSTEMS BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2018; 10:e1422. [PMID: 29600540 PMCID: PMC6165711 DOI: 10.1002/wsbm.1422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2017] [Revised: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The Wnt signaling pathway is a highly conserved system that regulates complex biological processes across all metazoan species. At the cellular level, secreted Wnt proteins serve to break symmetry and provide cells with positional information that is critical to the patterning of the entire body plan. At the organismal level, Wnt signals are employed to orchestrate fundamental developmental processes, including the specification of the anterior-posterior body axis, induction of the primitive streak and ensuing gastrulation movements, and the generation of cell and tissue diversity. Wnt functions extend into adulthood where they regulate stem cell behavior, tissue homeostasis, and damage repair. Disruption of Wnt signaling activity during embryonic development or in adults results in a spectrum of abnormalities and diseases, including cancer. The molecular mechanisms that underlie the myriad of Wnt-regulated biological effects have been the subject of intense research for over three decades. This review is intended to summarize our current understanding of how Wnt signals are generated and interpreted. This article is categorized under: Biological Mechanisms > Cell Signaling Developmental Biology > Stem Cell Biology and Regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Grainger
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine University of California San Diego La Jolla California
| | - Karl Willert
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine University of California San Diego La Jolla California
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Miao N, Bian S, Lee T, Mubarak T, Huang S, Wen Z, Hussain G, Sun T. Opposite Roles of Wnt7a and Sfrp1 in Modulating Proper Development of Neural Progenitors in the Mouse Cerebral Cortex. Front Mol Neurosci 2018; 11:247. [PMID: 30065628 PMCID: PMC6056652 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2018.00247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The Wingless (Wnt)-mediated signals are involved in many important aspects of development of the mammalian cerebral cortex. How Wnts interact with their modulators in cortical development is still unclear. Here, we show that Wnt7a and secreted frizzled-related protein 1 (Sfrp1), a soluble modulator of Wnts, are co-expressed in mouse embryonic cortical neural progenitors (NPs). Knockout of Wnt7a in mice causes microcephaly due to reduced NP population and neurogenesis, and Sfrp1 has an opposing effect compared to Wnt7a. Similar to Dkk1, Sfrp1 decreases the Wnt1 and Wnt7a activity in vitro. Our results suggest that Wnt7a and Sfrp1 play opposite roles to ensure proper NP progeny in the developing cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Miao
- Center for Precision Medicine, School of Medicine and School of Biomedical Sciences, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, China
| | - Shan Bian
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Trevor Lee
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Taufif Mubarak
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Shiying Huang
- College of Oceanology and Food Science, Quanzhou Normal University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Zhihong Wen
- Marine Biomedical Laboratory and Center for Translational Biopharmaceuticals, Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ghulam Hussain
- Department of Physiology, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Tao Sun
- Center for Precision Medicine, School of Medicine and School of Biomedical Sciences, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, China
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, United States
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Abstract
The chick spinal cord provides a valuable model for assessing Wnt signaling activity. Loss or gain of function constructs that are transfected by electroporation can be directed to a single side of the spinal cord, thus leaving the contralateral side as an internal control. Here, we describe a method for measuring Wnt signaling via the use of BAT-Gal, a β-catenin dependent Wnt reporter.
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Foulquier S, Daskalopoulos EP, Lluri G, Hermans KCM, Deb A, Blankesteijn WM. WNT Signaling in Cardiac and Vascular Disease. Pharmacol Rev 2018; 70:68-141. [PMID: 29247129 PMCID: PMC6040091 DOI: 10.1124/pr.117.013896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 216] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
WNT signaling is an elaborate and complex collection of signal transduction pathways mediated by multiple signaling molecules. WNT signaling is critically important for developmental processes, including cell proliferation, differentiation and tissue patterning. Little WNT signaling activity is present in the cardiovascular system of healthy adults, but reactivation of the pathway is observed in many pathologies of heart and blood vessels. The high prevalence of these pathologies and their significant contribution to human disease burden has raised interest in WNT signaling as a potential target for therapeutic intervention. In this review, we first will focus on the constituents of the pathway and their regulation and the different signaling routes. Subsequently, the role of WNT signaling in cardiovascular development is addressed, followed by a detailed discussion of its involvement in vascular and cardiac disease. After highlighting the crosstalk between WNT, transforming growth factor-β and angiotensin II signaling, and the emerging role of WNT signaling in the regulation of stem cells, we provide an overview of drugs targeting the pathway at different levels. From the combined studies we conclude that, despite the sometimes conflicting experimental data, a general picture is emerging that excessive stimulation of WNT signaling adversely affects cardiovascular pathology. The rapidly increasing collection of drugs interfering at different levels of WNT signaling will allow the evaluation of therapeutic interventions in the pathway in relevant animal models of cardiovascular diseases and eventually in patients in the near future, translating the outcomes of the many preclinical studies into a clinically relevant context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Foulquier
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands (S.F., K.C.M.H., W.M.B.); Recherche Cardiovasculaire (CARD), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium (E.P.D.); Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine (G.L., A.D.); and Department of Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California (A.D.)
| | - Evangelos P Daskalopoulos
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands (S.F., K.C.M.H., W.M.B.); Recherche Cardiovasculaire (CARD), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium (E.P.D.); Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine (G.L., A.D.); and Department of Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California (A.D.)
| | - Gentian Lluri
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands (S.F., K.C.M.H., W.M.B.); Recherche Cardiovasculaire (CARD), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium (E.P.D.); Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine (G.L., A.D.); and Department of Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California (A.D.)
| | - Kevin C M Hermans
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands (S.F., K.C.M.H., W.M.B.); Recherche Cardiovasculaire (CARD), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium (E.P.D.); Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine (G.L., A.D.); and Department of Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California (A.D.)
| | - Arjun Deb
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands (S.F., K.C.M.H., W.M.B.); Recherche Cardiovasculaire (CARD), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium (E.P.D.); Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine (G.L., A.D.); and Department of Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California (A.D.)
| | - W Matthijs Blankesteijn
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands (S.F., K.C.M.H., W.M.B.); Recherche Cardiovasculaire (CARD), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium (E.P.D.); Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine (G.L., A.D.); and Department of Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California (A.D.)
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Sinha S. Hilbert-Schmidt and Sobol sensitivity indices for static and time series Wnt signaling measurements in colorectal cancer - part A. BMC SYSTEMS BIOLOGY 2017; 11:120. [PMID: 29202761 PMCID: PMC5716378 DOI: 10.1186/s12918-017-0488-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Background Ever since the accidental discovery of Wingless [Sharma R.P., Drosophila information service, 1973, 50, p 134], research in the field of Wnt signaling pathway has taken significant strides in wet lab experiments and various cancer clinical trials, augmented by recent developments in advanced computational modeling of the pathway. Information rich gene expression profiles reveal various aspects of the signaling pathway and help in studying different issues simultaneously. Hitherto, not many computational studies exist which incorporate the simultaneous study of these issues. Results This manuscript ∙ explores the strength of contributing factors in the signaling pathway, ∙ analyzes the existing causal relations among the inter/extracellular factors effecting the pathway based on prior biological knowledge and ∙ investigates the deviations in fold changes in the recently found prevalence of psychophysical laws working in the pathway. To achieve this goal, local and global sensitivity analysis is conducted on the (non)linear responses between the factors obtained from static and time series expression profiles using the density (Hilbert-Schmidt Information Criterion) and variance (Sobol) based sensitivity indices. Conclusion The results show the advantage of using density based indices over variance based indices mainly due to the former’s employment of distance measures & the kernel trick via Reproducing kernel Hilbert space (RKHS) that capture nonlinear relations among various intra/extracellular factors of the pathway in a higher dimensional space. In time series data, using these indices it is now possible to observe where in time, which factors get influenced & contribute to the pathway, as changes in concentration of the other factors are made. This synergy of prior biological knowledge, sensitivity analysis & representations in higher dimensional spaces can facilitate in time based administration of target therapeutic drugs & reveal hidden biological information within colorectal cancer samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shriprakash Sinha
- Faculty of Maths & IT, Royal Thimphu College, Nagbiphu, Thimphu, 1122, Bhutan.
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35
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Olsen JJ, Pohl SÖG, Deshmukh A, Visweswaran M, Ward NC, Arfuso F, Agostino M, Dharmarajan A. The Role of Wnt Signalling in Angiogenesis. Clin Biochem Rev 2017; 38:131-142. [PMID: 29332977 PMCID: PMC5759160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Angiogenesis is a normal biological process wherein new blood vessels form from the growth of pre-existing blood vessels. Preventing angiogenesis in solid tumours by targeting pro-angiogenic factors including vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), angiopoietin-1 (Ang-1), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), hepatocyte growth factor, and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) is currently under investigation for cancer treatment. Concurrently targeting the cell signalling pathways involved in the transcriptional and post-translational regulation of these factors may provide positive therapeutic results. One such pathway is the Wnt signalling pathway. Wnt was first discovered in mice infected with mouse mammary tumour virus, and has been crucial in improving our understanding of oncogenesis and development. In this review, we summarise molecular and cellular aspects of the importance of Wnt signalling to angiogenesis, including β-catenin-dependent mechanisms of angiogenic promotion, as well as the study of Wnt antagonists, such as the secreted frizzled-related protein family (SFRPs) which have been shown to inhibit angiogenesis. The growing understanding of the underlying complexity of the biochemical pathways mediating angiogenesis is critical to the identification of new molecular targets for therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Jun Olsen
- The School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA
| | - Sebastian Öther-Gee Pohl
- Stem Cell and Cancer Biology Laboratory, School of Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Bentley, WA
| | - Abhijeet Deshmukh
- Stem Cell and Cancer Biology Laboratory, School of Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Bentley, WA
| | - Malini Visweswaran
- Stem Cell and Cancer Biology Laboratory, School of Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Bentley, WA
| | - Natalie C Ward
- School of Biomedical Sciences & Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley, WA
- Medical School, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA
| | - Frank Arfuso
- Stem Cell and Cancer Biology Laboratory, School of Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Bentley, WA
| | - Mark Agostino
- Stem Cell and Cancer Biology Laboratory, School of Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Bentley, WA
- Curtin Institute for Computation, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, Australia
| | - Arun Dharmarajan
- Stem Cell and Cancer Biology Laboratory, School of Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Bentley, WA
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36
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Bu Q, Li Z, Zhang J, Xu F, Liu J, Liu H. The crystal structure of full-length Sizzled from Xenopus laevis yields insights into Wnt-antagonistic function of secreted Frizzled-related proteins. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:16055-16069. [PMID: 28808056 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.791756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Revised: 08/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The Wnt-signaling pathway is crucial to cell proliferation, differentiation, and migration. The secreted Frizzled-related proteins (sFRPs) represent the largest family of secreted Wnt inhibitors. However, their function in antagonizing Wnt signaling has remained somewhat controversial. Here, we report the crystal structure of Sizzled from Xenopus laevis, the first full-length structure of an sFRP. Tethered by an inter-domain disulfide bond and a linker, the N-terminal cysteine-rich domain (CRD) and the C-terminal netrin-like domain (NTR) of Sizzled are arranged in a tandem fashion, with the NTR domain occluding the groove of CRD for Wnt accessibility. A Dual-Luciferase assay demonstrated that removing the NTR domain and replacing the CRD groove residues His-116 and His-118 with aromatic residues may significantly enhance antagonistic function of Sizzled in inhibiting Wnt3A signaling. Sizzled is a monomer in solution, and Sizzled CRD exhibited different packing in the crystal, suggesting that sFRPs do not have a conserved CRD dimerization mode. Distinct from the canonical NTR domain, the Sizzled NTR adopts a novel α/β folding with two perpendicular helices facing the central mixed β-sheet. The subgroup of human sFRP1/2/5 and Sizzled should have a similar NTR domain that features a highly positively charged region, opposite the NTR-CRD interface, suggesting that the NTR domain in human sFRPs, at least sFRP1/2/5, is unlikely to bind to Wnt but is likely involved in biphasic Wnt signaling modulation. In summary, the Sizzled structure provides the first insights into how the CRD and the NTR domains relate to each other for modulating Wnt-antagonistic function of sFRPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qixin Bu
- From the State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs and.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Zhiqiang Li
- From the State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs and.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Junying Zhang
- From the State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs and.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Fei Xu
- From the State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs and.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jianmei Liu
- From the State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs and.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Heli Liu
- From the State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs and .,Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China
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Nandana S, Tripathi M, Duan P, Chu CY, Mishra R, Liu C, Jin R, Yamashita H, Zayzafoon M, Bhowmick NA, Zhau HE, Matusik RJ, Chung LWK. Bone Metastasis of Prostate Cancer Can Be Therapeutically Targeted at the TBX2-WNT Signaling Axis. Cancer Res 2017; 77:1331-1344. [PMID: 28108510 PMCID: PMC5783646 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-16-0497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Revised: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Identification of factors that mediate visceral and bone metastatic spread and subsequent bone remodeling events is highly relevant to successful therapeutic intervention in advanced human prostate cancer. TBX2, a T-box family transcription factor that negatively regulates cell-cycle inhibitor p21, plays critical roles during embryonic development, and recent studies have highlighted its role in cancer. Here, we report that TBX2 is overexpressed in human prostate cancer specimens and bone metastases from xenograft mouse models of human prostate cancer. Blocking endogenous TBX2 expression in PC3 and ARCaPM prostate cancer cell models using a dominant-negative construct resulted in decreased tumor cell proliferation, colony formation, and invasion in vitro Blocking endogenous TBX2 in human prostate cancer mouse xenografts decreased invasion and abrogation of bone and soft tissue metastasis. Furthermore, blocking endogenous TBX2 in prostate cancer cells dramatically reduced bone-colonizing capability through reduced tumor cell growth and bone remodeling in an intratibial mouse model. TBX2 acted in trans by promoting transcription of the canonical WNT (WNT3A) promoter. Genetically rescuing WNT3A levels in prostate cancer cells with endogenously blocked TBX2 partially restored the TBX2-induced prostate cancer metastatic capability in mice. Conversely, WNT3A-neutralizing antibodies or WNT antagonist SFRP-2 blocked TBX2-induced invasion. Our findings highlight TBX2 as a novel therapeutic target upstream of WNT3A, where WNT3A antagonists could be novel agents for the treatment of metastasis and for skeletal complications in prostate cancer patients. Cancer Res; 77(6); 1331-44. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srinivas Nandana
- Uro-Oncology Research Program, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California.
| | - Manisha Tripathi
- Uro-Oncology Research Program, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Peng Duan
- Uro-Oncology Research Program, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Chia-Yi Chu
- Uro-Oncology Research Program, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Rajeev Mishra
- Uro-Oncology Research Program, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Chunyan Liu
- Uro-Oncology Research Program, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Renjie Jin
- Department of Urologic Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Hironobu Yamashita
- Department of Pathology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Majd Zayzafoon
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Neil A Bhowmick
- Uro-Oncology Research Program, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Haiyen E Zhau
- Uro-Oncology Research Program, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Robert J Matusik
- Department of Urologic Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Leland W K Chung
- Uro-Oncology Research Program, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California.
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Lynch TJ, Anderson PJ, Xie W, Crooke AK, Liu X, Tyler SR, Luo M, Kusner DM, Zhang Y, Neff T, Burnette DC, Walters KS, Goodheart MJ, Parekh KR, Engelhardt JF. Wnt Signaling Regulates Airway Epithelial Stem Cells in Adult Murine Submucosal Glands. Stem Cells 2016; 34:2758-2771. [PMID: 27341073 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Revised: 05/08/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Wnt signaling is required for lineage commitment of glandular stem cells (SCs) during tracheal submucosal gland (SMG) morphogenesis from the surface airway epithelium (SAE). Whether similar Wnt-dependent processes coordinate SC expansion in adult SMGs following airway injury remains unknown. We found that two Wnt-reporters in mice (BAT-gal and TCF/Lef:H2B-GFP) are coexpressed in actively cycling SCs of primordial glandular placodes and in a small subset of adult SMG progenitor cells that enter the cell cycle 24 hours following airway injury. At homeostasis, these Wnt reporters showed nonoverlapping cellular patterns of expression in the SAE and SMGs. Following tracheal injury, proliferation was accompanied by dynamic changes in Wnt-reporter activity and the analysis of 56 Wnt-related signaling genes revealed unique temporal changes in expression within proximal (gland-containing) and distal (gland-free) portions of the trachea. Wnt stimulation in vivo and in vitro promoted epithelial proliferation in both SMGs and the SAE. Interestingly, slowly cycling nucleotide label-retaining cells (LRCs) of SMGs were spatially positioned near clusters of BAT-gal positive serous tubules. Isolation and culture of tet-inducible H2B-GFP LRCs demonstrated that SMG LRCs were more proliferative than SAE LRCs and culture expanded SMG-derived progenitor cells outcompeted SAE-derived progenitors in regeneration of tracheal xenograft epithelium using a clonal analysis competition assay. SMG-derived progenitors were also multipotent for cell types in the SAE and formed gland-like structures in xenografts. These studies demonstrate the importance of Wnt signals in modulating SC phenotypes within tracheal niches and provide new insight into phenotypic differences of SMG and SAE SCs. Stem Cells 2016;34:2758-2771.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J Lynch
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Preston J Anderson
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Weiliang Xie
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.,Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Adrianne K Crooke
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Xiaoming Liu
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.,Center for Gene Therapy, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Scott R Tyler
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.,Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Meihui Luo
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - David M Kusner
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Yulong Zhang
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Traci Neff
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Daniel C Burnette
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | | | - Michael J Goodheart
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Kalpaj R Parekh
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - John F Engelhardt
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.,Center for Gene Therapy, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
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39
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sFRP-mediated Wnt sequestration as a potential therapeutic target for Alzheimer’s disease. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2016; 75:104-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2016.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Revised: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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40
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Frizzled7: A Promising Achilles' Heel for Targeting the Wnt Receptor Complex to Treat Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2016; 8:cancers8050050. [PMID: 27196929 PMCID: PMC4880867 DOI: 10.3390/cancers8050050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Revised: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Frizzled7 is arguably the most studied member of the Frizzled family, which are the cognate Wnt receptors. Frizzled7 is highly conserved through evolution, from Hydra through to humans, and is expressed in diverse organisms, tissues and human disease contexts. Frizzled receptors can homo- or hetero-polymerise and associate with several co-receptors to transmit Wnt signalling. Notably, Frizzled7 can transmit signalling via multiple Wnt transduction pathways and bind to several different Wnt ligands, Frizzled receptors and co-receptors. These promiscuous binding and functional properties are thought to underlie the pivotal role Frizzled7 plays in embryonic developmental and stem cell function. Recent studies have identified that Frizzled7 is upregulated in diverse human cancers, and promotes proliferation, progression and invasion, and orchestrates cellular transitions that underscore cancer metastasis. Importantly, Frizzled7 is able to regulate Wnt signalling activity even in cancer cells which have mutations to down-stream signal transducers. In this review we discuss the various aspects of Frizzled7 signalling and function, and the implications these have for therapeutic targeting of Frizzled7 in cancer.
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41
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Eroshkin FM, Nesterenko AM, Borodulin AV, Martynova NY, Ermakova GV, Gyoeva FK, Orlov EE, Belogurov AA, Lukyanov KA, Bayramov AV, Zaraisky AG. Noggin4 is a long-range inhibitor of Wnt8 signalling that regulates head development in Xenopus laevis. Sci Rep 2016; 6:23049. [PMID: 26973133 PMCID: PMC4789793 DOI: 10.1038/srep23049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Noggin4 is a Noggin family secreted protein whose molecular and physiological functions remain unknown. In this study, we demonstrate that in contrast to other Noggins, Xenopus laevis Noggin4 cannot antagonise BMP signalling; instead, it specifically binds to Wnt8 and inhibits the Wnt/β -catenin pathway. Live imaging demonstrated that Noggin4 diffusivity in embryonic tissues significantly exceeded that of other Noggins. Using the Fluorescence Recovery After Photobleaching (FRAP) assay and mathematical modelling, we directly estimated the affinity of Noggin4 for Wnt8 in living embryos and determined that Noggin4 fine-tune the Wnt8 posterior-to-anterior gradient. Our results suggest a role for Noggin4 as a unique, freely diffusing, long-range inhibitor of canonical Wnt signalling, thus explaining its ability to promote head development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fedor M Eroshkin
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997, Russia
| | - Alexey M Nesterenko
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997, Russia.,Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie gory, 1/40, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander V Borodulin
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997, Russia
| | - Natalia Yu Martynova
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997, Russia
| | - Galina V Ermakova
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997, Russia
| | - Fatima K Gyoeva
- Institute of Protein Research, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, 142290 Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Eugeny E Orlov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997, Russia
| | - Alexey A Belogurov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997, Russia
| | - Konstantin A Lukyanov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997, Russia
| | - Andrey V Bayramov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997, Russia
| | - Andrey G Zaraisky
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997, Russia
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Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) may revolutionize medical practice by providing: (a) a renewable source of cells for tissue replacement therapies, (b) a powerful system to model human diseases in a dish, and (c) a platform for examining efficacy and safety of novel drugs. Furthermore, these cells offer a unique opportunity to study early human development in vitro, in particular, the process by which a seemingly uniform cell population interacts to give rise to the three main embryonic lineages: ectoderm, endoderm. and mesoderm. This process of lineage allocation is regulated by a number of inductive signals that are mediated by growth factors, including FGF, TGFβ, and Wnt. In this book chapter, we introduce a set of tools, methods, and protocols to specifically manipulate the Wnt signaling pathway with the intention of altering the cell fate outcome of hPSCs.
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Zandi M, Shah SM, Muzaffar M, Kumar Singh M, Palta P, Kumar Singla S, Sham Manik R, Chauhan MS. Activation and Inhibition of The Wnt3A Signaling Pathway in Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) Embryonic Stem Cells: Effects of WNT3A, Bio and Dkk1. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FERTILITY & STERILITY 2015; 9:361-70. [PMID: 26644860 PMCID: PMC4671321 DOI: 10.22074/ijfs.2015.4552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2014] [Accepted: 06/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This research studies the effects of activation and inhibition of Wnt3A signaling pathway in buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) embryonic stem (ES) cell-like cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS To carry on this experimental study, the effects of activation and inhibition of Wnt3A signaling in buffalo ES cell-like cells were examined using Bio (0.5 mM) combined with WNT3A (200 ng/ml), as an activator, and Dickkopf-1 (Dkk1, 250 ng/ml), as an inhibitor, of the pathway. ES cells were cultured up to three weeks in ES cell medium without fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2) and leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), but in the presence of Bio, WNT3A, Bio+WNT3A and Dkk1. The effects of these supplements were measured on the mean area of ES cell colonies and on the expression levels of a number of important genes related to pluripotency (Oct4, Nanog, Sox2 and c-Myc) and the Wnt pathway (β-catenin). ES cell colonies cultured in ES cell medium that contained optimized quantities of LIF and FGF-2 were used as the control. Data were collected for week-1 and week-3 treated cultures. In addition, WNT3A-transfected ES cells were compared with the respective mock-transfected colonies, either alone or in combination with Dkk1 for expression of β-catenin and the pluripotency-related genes. Data were analyzed by ANOVA, and statistical significance was accepted at P<0.05. RESULTS Among various examined concentrations of Bio (0.5-5 mM), the optimum effect was observed at the 0.5 mM dose as indicated by colony area and expressions of pluripotency-related genes at both weeks-1 and -3 culture periods. At this concentration,the expressions of Nanog, Oct3/4, Sox2, c-Myc and β-catenin genes were nonsignificantly higher compared to the controls. Expressions of these genes were highest in the Bio+WNT3A treated group, followed by the WNT3A and Bio-supplemented groups, and lowest in the Dkk1-treated group. The WNT-transfected colonies showed higher expressions compared to both mock and Dkk1-treated mock transfected colonies. CONCLUSION WNT3A functions to maintain the pluripotency of ES cell-like cells both as an exogenous growth factor as well as an endogenously expressed gene. It complements the absence of FGF-2 and LIF, otherwise propounded essential for buffalo ES cell culture. WNT3A antagonizes the inhibitory effects of Dkk1 and acts in combination with its activator, Bio, to activate the Wnt signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Zandi
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science and Fisheries, Agricultural Institute, Iranian Research Organisation for Science and Technology (IROST), Tehran, Iran
| | - Syed Mohamad Shah
- Embryo Biotechnology Laboratory, Animal Biotechnology Centre, National Dairy Research Institute (NDRI), Karnal, India
| | - Musharifa Muzaffar
- Embryo Biotechnology Laboratory, Animal Biotechnology Centre, National Dairy Research Institute (NDRI), Karnal, India
| | - Manoj Kumar Singh
- Embryo Biotechnology Laboratory, Animal Biotechnology Centre, National Dairy Research Institute (NDRI), Karnal, India
| | - Prabhat Palta
- Embryo Biotechnology Laboratory, Animal Biotechnology Centre, National Dairy Research Institute (NDRI), Karnal, India
| | - Suresh Kumar Singla
- Embryo Biotechnology Laboratory, Animal Biotechnology Centre, National Dairy Research Institute (NDRI), Karnal, India
| | - Radhey Sham Manik
- Embryo Biotechnology Laboratory, Animal Biotechnology Centre, National Dairy Research Institute (NDRI), Karnal, India
| | - Manmohan Singh Chauhan
- Embryo Biotechnology Laboratory, Animal Biotechnology Centre, National Dairy Research Institute (NDRI), Karnal, India
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Abstract
A dozen years ago the identification of causal mutations in the low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 5 (LRP5) gene involved in two rare bone disorders propelled research in the bone field in totally new directions. Since then, there have been an explosion in the number of reports that highlight the role of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in the regulation of bone homeostasis. In this review we discuss some of the most recent reports (in the past 2 years) highlighting the involvement of the members of the LRP family (LRP5, LRP6, LRP4, and more recently LRP8) in the maintenance of bone and their implications in bone diseases. These reports include records of new single nucleotides polymorphisms (SNPs) and haplotypes that suggest variants in these genes can contribute to subtle variation in bone traits to mutations that give rise to extreme bone phenotypes. All of these serve to further support and reinforce the importance of this tightly regulated pathway in bone. Furthermore, we discuss provocative reports suggesting novel approaches through inhibitors of this pathway to treat rarer diseases such as Osteoporosis-Pseudoglioma Syndrome (OPPG), Osteogenesis Imperfecta (OI), and Sclerosteosis/Van Buchem disease. It is hoped that by understanding the role of each component of the pathway and their involvement in bone diseases that this knowledge will allow us to develop new, more effective therapeutic approaches for more common diseases such as post-menopausal osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, and rheumatoid arthritis as well as these rarer bone diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Lara-Castillo
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, UMKC School of Dentistry, 650 East 25th Street, Kansas City, MO, 64108, USA,
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45
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Galli LM, Szabo LA, Li L, Htaik YM, Onguka O, Burrus LW. Concentration-dependent effects of WNTLESS on WNT1/3A signaling. Dev Dyn 2014; 243:1095-105. [PMID: 24866848 PMCID: PMC4140996 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.24149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2014] [Revised: 04/15/2014] [Accepted: 04/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND WNTLESS (WLS) is a multi-transmembrane protein that transports Wnt ligands from the Golgi to the cell surface. Although WLS loss-of-function experiments in the developing central nervous system reveal phenotypes consistent with defects in WNT1 and WNT3A signaling, data from complementary gain-of-function experiments have not yet been reported. Here, we report the phenotypic consequences of WLS overexpression in cultured cells and in the developing chick spinal cord. RESULTS Overexpression of small amounts of WLS along with either WNT1 or WNT3A promotes the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in HEK293T cells, while overexpression of higher levels of WLS inhibits the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in these cells. Similarly, overexpressed WLS inhibits the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in the developing spinal cord, as assessed by cell proliferation and specification. These effects appear to be Wnt-specific as overexpression of WLS inhibits the expression of FZD10, a target of β-catenin-dependent transcription. CONCLUSIONS Our results show that overexpression of WLS inhibits Wnt/β-catenin signaling in the spinal cord. As the activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in the spinal cord requires WNT1 or WNT3A, our results are consistent with a model in which the relative concentration of WLS to Wnt regulates WNT1/3A signaling in the developing spinal cord.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M. Galli
- Department of Biology, San Francisco State University, 1600 Holloway Ave, San Francisco, CA 94132
| | - Linda A. Szabo
- Department of Biology, San Francisco State University, 1600 Holloway Ave, San Francisco, CA 94132
| | - Lydia Li
- Department of Biology, San Francisco State University, 1600 Holloway Ave, San Francisco, CA 94132
| | - Yin Min Htaik
- Department of Biology, San Francisco State University, 1600 Holloway Ave, San Francisco, CA 94132
| | - Ouma Onguka
- Department of Biology, San Francisco State University, 1600 Holloway Ave, San Francisco, CA 94132
| | - Laura W. Burrus
- Department of Biology, San Francisco State University, 1600 Holloway Ave, San Francisco, CA 94132
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Li R, Beebe T, Jen N, Yu F, Takabe W, Harrison M, Cao H, Lee J, Yang H, Han P, Wang K, Shimizu H, Chen J, Lien CL, Chi NC, Hsiai TK. Shear stress-activated Wnt-angiopoietin-2 signaling recapitulates vascular repair in zebrafish embryos. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2014; 34:2268-75. [PMID: 25147335 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.114.303345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Fluid shear stress intimately regulates vasculogenesis and endothelial homeostasis. The canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways play an important role in differentiation and proliferation. In this study, we investigated whether shear stress activated angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2) via the canonical Wnt signaling pathway with an implication in vascular endothelial repair. APPROACH AND RESULTS Oscillatory shear stress upregulated both TOPflash Wnt reporter activities and the expression of Ang-2 mRNA and protein in human aortic endothelial cells accompanied by an increase in nuclear β-catenin intensity. Oscillatory shear stress-induced Ang-2 and Axin-2 mRNA expression was downregulated in the presence of a Wnt inhibitor, IWR-1, but was upregulated in the presence of a Wnt agonist, LiCl. Ang-2 expression was further downregulated in response to a Wnt signaling inhibitor, DKK-1, but was upregulated by Wnt agonist Wnt3a. Both DKK-1 and Ang-2 siRNA inhibited endothelial cell migration and tube formation, which were rescued by human recombinant Ang-2. Both Ang-2 and Axin-2 mRNA downregulation was recapitulated in the heat-shock-inducible transgenic Tg(hsp70l:dkk1-GFP) zebrafish embryos at 72 hours post fertilization. Ang-2 morpholino injection of Tg (kdrl:GFP) fish impaired subintestinal vessel formation at 72 hours post fertilization, which was rescued by zebrafish Ang-2 mRNA coinjection. Inhibition of Wnt signaling with IWR-1 also downregulated Ang-2 and Axin-2 expression and impaired vascular repair after tail amputation, which was rescued by zebrafish Ang-2 mRNA injection. CONCLUSIONS Shear stress activated Ang-2 via canonical Wnt signaling in vascular endothelial cells, and Wnt-Ang-2 signaling is recapitulated in zebrafish embryos with a translational implication in vascular development and repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongsong Li
- From the Department of Medicine, School of Medicine (R.L., T.K.H.), Department of Bioengineering (T.B., N.J., F.Y., W.T., H.C., J.L., T.K.H.), and Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology (K.W., H.S., J.C.), University of California, Los Angeles; Department of Surgery, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, CA (M.H., C.-L.L.); and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine (H.Y., P.H., N.C.C.) and Institute of Genomic Medicine (N.C.C.), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla
| | - Tyler Beebe
- From the Department of Medicine, School of Medicine (R.L., T.K.H.), Department of Bioengineering (T.B., N.J., F.Y., W.T., H.C., J.L., T.K.H.), and Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology (K.W., H.S., J.C.), University of California, Los Angeles; Department of Surgery, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, CA (M.H., C.-L.L.); and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine (H.Y., P.H., N.C.C.) and Institute of Genomic Medicine (N.C.C.), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla
| | - Nelson Jen
- From the Department of Medicine, School of Medicine (R.L., T.K.H.), Department of Bioengineering (T.B., N.J., F.Y., W.T., H.C., J.L., T.K.H.), and Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology (K.W., H.S., J.C.), University of California, Los Angeles; Department of Surgery, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, CA (M.H., C.-L.L.); and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine (H.Y., P.H., N.C.C.) and Institute of Genomic Medicine (N.C.C.), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla
| | - Fei Yu
- From the Department of Medicine, School of Medicine (R.L., T.K.H.), Department of Bioengineering (T.B., N.J., F.Y., W.T., H.C., J.L., T.K.H.), and Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology (K.W., H.S., J.C.), University of California, Los Angeles; Department of Surgery, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, CA (M.H., C.-L.L.); and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine (H.Y., P.H., N.C.C.) and Institute of Genomic Medicine (N.C.C.), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla
| | - Wakako Takabe
- From the Department of Medicine, School of Medicine (R.L., T.K.H.), Department of Bioengineering (T.B., N.J., F.Y., W.T., H.C., J.L., T.K.H.), and Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology (K.W., H.S., J.C.), University of California, Los Angeles; Department of Surgery, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, CA (M.H., C.-L.L.); and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine (H.Y., P.H., N.C.C.) and Institute of Genomic Medicine (N.C.C.), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla
| | - Michael Harrison
- From the Department of Medicine, School of Medicine (R.L., T.K.H.), Department of Bioengineering (T.B., N.J., F.Y., W.T., H.C., J.L., T.K.H.), and Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology (K.W., H.S., J.C.), University of California, Los Angeles; Department of Surgery, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, CA (M.H., C.-L.L.); and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine (H.Y., P.H., N.C.C.) and Institute of Genomic Medicine (N.C.C.), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla
| | - Hung Cao
- From the Department of Medicine, School of Medicine (R.L., T.K.H.), Department of Bioengineering (T.B., N.J., F.Y., W.T., H.C., J.L., T.K.H.), and Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology (K.W., H.S., J.C.), University of California, Los Angeles; Department of Surgery, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, CA (M.H., C.-L.L.); and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine (H.Y., P.H., N.C.C.) and Institute of Genomic Medicine (N.C.C.), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla
| | - Juhyun Lee
- From the Department of Medicine, School of Medicine (R.L., T.K.H.), Department of Bioengineering (T.B., N.J., F.Y., W.T., H.C., J.L., T.K.H.), and Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology (K.W., H.S., J.C.), University of California, Los Angeles; Department of Surgery, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, CA (M.H., C.-L.L.); and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine (H.Y., P.H., N.C.C.) and Institute of Genomic Medicine (N.C.C.), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla
| | - Hongbo Yang
- From the Department of Medicine, School of Medicine (R.L., T.K.H.), Department of Bioengineering (T.B., N.J., F.Y., W.T., H.C., J.L., T.K.H.), and Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology (K.W., H.S., J.C.), University of California, Los Angeles; Department of Surgery, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, CA (M.H., C.-L.L.); and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine (H.Y., P.H., N.C.C.) and Institute of Genomic Medicine (N.C.C.), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla
| | - Peidong Han
- From the Department of Medicine, School of Medicine (R.L., T.K.H.), Department of Bioengineering (T.B., N.J., F.Y., W.T., H.C., J.L., T.K.H.), and Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology (K.W., H.S., J.C.), University of California, Los Angeles; Department of Surgery, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, CA (M.H., C.-L.L.); and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine (H.Y., P.H., N.C.C.) and Institute of Genomic Medicine (N.C.C.), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla
| | - Kevin Wang
- From the Department of Medicine, School of Medicine (R.L., T.K.H.), Department of Bioengineering (T.B., N.J., F.Y., W.T., H.C., J.L., T.K.H.), and Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology (K.W., H.S., J.C.), University of California, Los Angeles; Department of Surgery, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, CA (M.H., C.-L.L.); and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine (H.Y., P.H., N.C.C.) and Institute of Genomic Medicine (N.C.C.), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla
| | - Hirohito Shimizu
- From the Department of Medicine, School of Medicine (R.L., T.K.H.), Department of Bioengineering (T.B., N.J., F.Y., W.T., H.C., J.L., T.K.H.), and Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology (K.W., H.S., J.C.), University of California, Los Angeles; Department of Surgery, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, CA (M.H., C.-L.L.); and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine (H.Y., P.H., N.C.C.) and Institute of Genomic Medicine (N.C.C.), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla
| | - Jaunian Chen
- From the Department of Medicine, School of Medicine (R.L., T.K.H.), Department of Bioengineering (T.B., N.J., F.Y., W.T., H.C., J.L., T.K.H.), and Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology (K.W., H.S., J.C.), University of California, Los Angeles; Department of Surgery, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, CA (M.H., C.-L.L.); and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine (H.Y., P.H., N.C.C.) and Institute of Genomic Medicine (N.C.C.), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla
| | - Ching-Ling Lien
- From the Department of Medicine, School of Medicine (R.L., T.K.H.), Department of Bioengineering (T.B., N.J., F.Y., W.T., H.C., J.L., T.K.H.), and Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology (K.W., H.S., J.C.), University of California, Los Angeles; Department of Surgery, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, CA (M.H., C.-L.L.); and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine (H.Y., P.H., N.C.C.) and Institute of Genomic Medicine (N.C.C.), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla
| | - Neil C Chi
- From the Department of Medicine, School of Medicine (R.L., T.K.H.), Department of Bioengineering (T.B., N.J., F.Y., W.T., H.C., J.L., T.K.H.), and Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology (K.W., H.S., J.C.), University of California, Los Angeles; Department of Surgery, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, CA (M.H., C.-L.L.); and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine (H.Y., P.H., N.C.C.) and Institute of Genomic Medicine (N.C.C.), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla
| | - Tzung K Hsiai
- From the Department of Medicine, School of Medicine (R.L., T.K.H.), Department of Bioengineering (T.B., N.J., F.Y., W.T., H.C., J.L., T.K.H.), and Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology (K.W., H.S., J.C.), University of California, Los Angeles; Department of Surgery, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, CA (M.H., C.-L.L.); and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine (H.Y., P.H., N.C.C.) and Institute of Genomic Medicine (N.C.C.), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla.
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Galli LM, Munji RN, Chapman SC, Easton A, Li L, Onguka O, Ramahi JS, Suriben R, Szabo LA, Teng C, Tran B, Hannoush RN, Burrus LW. Frizzled10 mediates WNT1 and WNT3A signaling in the dorsal spinal cord of the developing chick embryo. Dev Dyn 2014; 243:833-843. [PMID: 24599775 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.24123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2013] [Revised: 03/03/2014] [Accepted: 03/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND WNT1 and WNT3A drive a dorsal to ventral gradient of β-catenin-dependent Wnt signaling in the developing spinal cord. However, the identity of the receptors mediating downstream functions remains poorly understood. RESULTS In this report, we show that the spatiotemporal expression patterns of FZD10 and WNT1/WNT3A are highly correlated. We further show that in the presence of LRP6, FZD10 promotes WNT1 and WNT3A signaling using an 8xSuperTopFlash reporter assay. Consistent with a functional role for FZD10, we demonstrate that FZD10 is required for proliferation in the spinal cord. Finally, by using an in situ proximity ligation assay, we observe an interaction between FZD10 and WNT1 and WNT3A proteins. CONCLUSIONS Together, our results identify FZD10 as a receptor for WNT1 and WNT3A in the developing chick spinal cord.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M Galli
- Department of Biology, San Francisco State University, 1600 Holloway Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94132, USA
| | - Roeben N Munji
- Department of Biology, San Francisco State University, 1600 Holloway Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94132, USA
| | - Susan C Chapman
- Clemson University, Biological Sciences, Long Hall, Clemson, SC, 29634, USA
| | - Ann Easton
- Department of Biology, San Francisco State University, 1600 Holloway Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94132, USA
| | - Lydia Li
- Department of Biology, San Francisco State University, 1600 Holloway Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94132, USA
| | - Ouma Onguka
- Department of Biology, San Francisco State University, 1600 Holloway Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94132, USA
| | - Joseph S Ramahi
- Department of Biology, San Francisco State University, 1600 Holloway Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94132, USA
| | - Rowena Suriben
- Department of Biology, San Francisco State University, 1600 Holloway Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94132, USA
| | - Linda A Szabo
- Department of Biology, San Francisco State University, 1600 Holloway Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94132, USA
| | - Camilla Teng
- Department of Biology, San Francisco State University, 1600 Holloway Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94132, USA
| | - Baouyen Tran
- Department of Biology, San Francisco State University, 1600 Holloway Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94132, USA
| | - Rami N Hannoush
- Department of Early Discovery Biochemistry, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Laura W Burrus
- Department of Biology, San Francisco State University, 1600 Holloway Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94132, USA
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Surana R, Sikka S, Cai W, Shin EM, Warrier SR, Tan HJG, Arfuso F, Fox SA, Dharmarajan AM, Kumar AP. Secreted frizzled related proteins: Implications in cancers. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2013; 1845:53-65. [PMID: 24316024 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2013.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2013] [Revised: 11/26/2013] [Accepted: 11/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The Wnt (wingless-type) signaling pathway plays an important role in embryonic development, tissue homeostasis, and tumor progression becaluse of its effect on cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation. Secreted frizzled-related proteins (SFRPs) are extracellular inhibitors of Wnt signaling that act by binding directly to Wnt ligands or to Frizzled receptors. In recent years, aberrant expression of SFRPs has been reported to be associated with numerous cancers. As gene expression of SFRP members is often lost through promoter hypermethylation, inhibition of methylation through the use of epigenetic modifying agents could renew the expression of SFRP members and further antagonize deleterious Wnt signaling. Several reports have described epigenetic silencing of these Wnt signaling antagonists in various human cancers, suggesting their possible role as tumor suppressors. SFRP family members thus come across as potential tools in combating Wnt-driven tumorigenesis. However, little is known about SFRP family members and their role in different cancers. This review comprehensively covers all the available information on the role of SFRP molecules in various human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohit Surana
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sakshi Sikka
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wanpei Cai
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Eun Myoung Shin
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sudha R Warrier
- Manipal Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Manipal University, Bangalore, India
| | - Hong Jie Gabriel Tan
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Frank Arfuso
- School of Anatomy, Physiology and Human Biology, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia; School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, 6845 Western Australia, Australia
| | - Simon A Fox
- Molecular Pharmacology Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Western Australian Biomedical Research Institute & Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley, Australia
| | - Arun M Dharmarajan
- School of Anatomy, Physiology and Human Biology, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia; School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, 6845 Western Australia, Australia.
| | - Alan Prem Kumar
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, 6845 Western Australia, Australia; Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76203-5017, USA.
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49
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Reprogramming fibroblasts to neural-precursor-like cells by structured overexpression of pallial patterning genes. Mol Cell Neurosci 2013; 57:42-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2013.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2013] [Revised: 09/18/2013] [Accepted: 10/05/2013] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
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50
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Xavier CP, Melikova M, Chuman Y, Üren A, Baljinnyam B, Rubin JS. Secreted Frizzled-related protein potentiation versus inhibition of Wnt3a/β-catenin signaling. Cell Signal 2013; 26:94-101. [PMID: 24080158 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2013.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2013] [Revised: 09/18/2013] [Accepted: 09/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Wnt signaling regulates a variety of cellular processes during embryonic development and in the adult. Many of these activities are mediated by the Frizzled family of seven-pass transmembrane receptors, which bind Wnts via a conserved cysteine-rich domain (CRD). Secreted Frizzled-related proteins (sFRPs) contain an amino-terminal, Frizzled-like CRD and a carboxyl-terminal, heparin-binding netrin-like domain. Previous studies identified sFRPs as soluble Wnt antagonists that bind directly to Wnts and prevent their interaction with Frizzleds. However, subsequent observations suggested that sFRPs and Frizzleds form homodimers and heterodimers via their respective CRDs, and that sFRPs can stimulate signal transduction. Here, we present evidence that sFRP1 either inhibits or enhances signaling in the Wnt3a/β-catenin pathway, depending on its concentration and the cellular context. Nanomolar concentrations of sFRP1 increased Wnt3a signaling, while higher concentrations blocked it in HEK293 cells expressing a SuperTopFlash reporter. sFRP1 primarily augmented Wnt3a/β-catenin signaling in C57MG cells, but it behaved as an antagonist in L929 fibroblasts. sFRP1 enhanced reporter activity in L cells that were engineered to stably express Frizzled 5, though not Frizzled 2. This implied that the Frizzled expression pattern could determine the response to sFRP1. Similar results were obtained with sFRP2 in HEK293, C57MG and L cell reporter assays. CRDsFRP1 mimicked the potentiating effect of sFRP1 in multiple settings, contradicting initial expectations that this domain would inhibit Wnt signaling. Moreover, CRDsFRP1 showed little avidity for Wnt3a compared to sFRP1, implying that the mechanism for potentiation by CRDsFRP1 probably does not require an interaction with Wnt protein. Together, these findings demonstrate that sFRPs can either promote or suppress Wnt/β-catenin signaling, depending on cellular context, concentration and most likely the expression pattern of Fzd receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles P Xavier
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
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