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Leach M, Cox C, Wickramasinghe SR, Chwatko M, Bhattacharyya D. Role of Microfiltration Membrane Morphology on Nanoparticle Purification to Enhance Downstream Purification of Viral Vectors. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2024. [PMID: 38822810 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.4c00272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
In the rapidly advancing realms of gene therapy and biotechnology, the efficient purification of viral vectors is pivotal for ensuring the safety and efficacy of gene therapies. This study focuses on optimizing membrane selection for viral vector purification by evaluating key properties, including porosity, thickness, pore structure, and hydrophilicity. Notably, we employed adeno-associated virus (AAV)-sized nanoparticles (20 nm), 200 nm particles, and bovine serum albumin (BSA) to model viral vector harvesting. Experimental data from constant pressure normal flow filtration (NFF) at 1 and 2 bar using four commercial flat sheet membranes revealed distinct fouling behaviors. Symmetric membranes predominantly showed internal and external pore blockage, while asymmetric membranes formed a cake layer on the surface. Hydrophilicity exhibited a positive correlation with recovery, demonstrating an enhanced recovery with increased hydrophilicity. Membranes with higher porosity and interpore connectivity showcased superior throughput, reduced operating time, and increased recovery. Asymmetric polyether sulfone (PES) membranes emerged as the optimal choice, achieving ∼100% recovery of AAV-sized particles, an ∼44% reduction in model cell debris (200 nm particles), an ∼35% decrease in BSA, and the fastest operating time of all membranes tested. This systematic investigation into fouling behaviors and membrane properties not only informs optimal conditions for viral vector recovery but also lays the groundwork for advancing membrane-based strategies in bioprocessing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mara Leach
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, United States
| | - Catherine Cox
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, United States
| | | | - Malgorzata Chwatko
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, United States
| | - Dibakar Bhattacharyya
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, United States
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Wolf T, Rosengarten J, Härtel I, Stitz J, Barbe S. A Hydrodynamic Approach to the Study of HIV Virus-Like Particle (VLP) Tangential Flow Filtration. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:membranes12121248. [PMID: 36557156 PMCID: PMC9783767 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12121248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Emerging as a promising pathway to HIV vaccines, Virus-Like Particles (VLPs) have drawn considerable attention in recent years. A challenge of working with HIV VLPs in biopharmaceutical processes is their low rigidity, and factors such as shear stress, osmotic pressure and pH variation have to be reduced during their production. In this context, the purification and concentration of VLPs are often achieved by means of Tangential Flow Filtration (TFF) involving ultrafiltration hollow fiber modules. Despite the urgent need for robust upscaling strategies and further process cost reduction, very little attention has been dedicated to the identification of the mechanisms limiting the performance of HIV VLP TFF processes. In this work, for the first time, a hydrodynamic approach based on particle friction was successfully developed as a methodology for both the optimization and the upscaling of HIV VLP TFF. Friction forces acting on near-membrane HIV VLPs are estimated, and the plausibility of the derived static coefficients of friction is discussed. The particle friction-based model seems to be very suitable for the fitting of experimental data related to HIV VLP TFF as well as for upscaling projections. According to our predictions, there is still considerable room for improvement of HIV VLP TFF, and operating this process at slightly higher flow velocities may dramatically enhance the efficiency of VLP purification and concentration. This work offers substantial guidance to membrane scientists during the design of upscaling strategies for HIV VLP TFF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Wolf
- Research Group Process Engineering, Faculty of Applied Natural Sciences, TH Köln—University of Applied Sciences, Campusplatz 1, 51379 Leverkusen, Germany
- Institute of Technical Chemistry, Leibniz University Hannover, Callinstraße 5, 30167 Hannover, Germany
- Correspondence:
| | - Jamila Rosengarten
- Institute of Technical Chemistry, Leibniz University Hannover, Callinstraße 5, 30167 Hannover, Germany
- Research Group Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Applied Natural Sciences, TH Köln—University of Applied Sciences, Campusplatz 1, 51379 Leverkusen, Germany
| | - Ina Härtel
- Research Group Process Engineering, Faculty of Applied Natural Sciences, TH Köln—University of Applied Sciences, Campusplatz 1, 51379 Leverkusen, Germany
| | - Jörn Stitz
- Research Group Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Applied Natural Sciences, TH Köln—University of Applied Sciences, Campusplatz 1, 51379 Leverkusen, Germany
| | - Stéphan Barbe
- Research Group Process Engineering, Faculty of Applied Natural Sciences, TH Köln—University of Applied Sciences, Campusplatz 1, 51379 Leverkusen, Germany
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3
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Durous L, Rosa-Calatrava M, Petiot E. Advances in influenza virus-like particles bioprocesses. Expert Rev Vaccines 2019; 18:1285-1300. [DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2019.1704262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Durous
- Virologie et Pathologie Humaine - VirPath team - Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), INSERM U1111, CNRS UMR5308, ENS Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Manuel Rosa-Calatrava
- Virologie et Pathologie Humaine - VirPath team - Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), INSERM U1111, CNRS UMR5308, ENS Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
- VirNext, Faculté de Médecine RTH Laennec, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Emma Petiot
- Virologie et Pathologie Humaine - VirPath team - Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), INSERM U1111, CNRS UMR5308, ENS Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
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4
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Virus-Like Particles and Nanoparticles for Vaccine Development against HCMV. Viruses 2019; 12:v12010035. [PMID: 31905677 PMCID: PMC7019358 DOI: 10.3390/v12010035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 12/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infects more than 70% of the human population worldwide. HCMV is responsible for high morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised patients and remains the leading viral cause of congenital birth defects. Despite considerable efforts in vaccine and therapeutic development, HCMV infection still represents an unmet clinical need and a life-threatening disease in immunocompromised individuals and newborns. Immune repertoire interrogation of HCMV seropositive patients allowed the identification of several potential antigens for vaccine design. However, recent HCMV vaccine clinical trials did not lead to a satisfactory outcome in term of efficacy. Therefore, combining antigens with orthogonal technologies to further increase the induction of neutralizing antibodies could improve the likelihood of a vaccine to reach protective efficacy in humans. Indeed, presentation of multiple copies of an antigen in a repetitive array is known to drive a more robust humoral immune response than its soluble counterpart. Virus-like particles (VLPs) and nanoparticles (NPs) are powerful platforms for multivalent antigen presentation. Several self-assembling proteins have been successfully used as scaffolds to present complex glycoprotein antigens on their surface. In this review, we describe some key aspects of the immune response to HCMV and discuss the scaffolds that were successfully used to increase vaccine efficacy against viruses with unmet medical need.
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Gomes AC, Griffiths PD, Reeves MB. The Humoral Immune Response Against the gB Vaccine: Lessons Learnt from Protection in Solid Organ Transplantation. Vaccines (Basel) 2019; 7:E67. [PMID: 31319553 PMCID: PMC6789498 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines7030067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Human cytomegalovirus (hCMV) is considered to be the highest priority for vaccine development. This view is underscored by the significant morbidity associated with congenital hCMV infection and viraemia in transplant patients. Although a number of vaccines have been trialed, none have been licensed. The hCMV vaccine candidate that has performed best in clinical trials to date is the recombinant glycoprotein B (gB) vaccine that has demonstrated protection, ranging from a 43% to 50% efficacy in three independent phase II trials. In this review, we focus on data from the phase II trial performed in solid organ transplant patients and the outcomes of follow-up studies attempting to identify immunological and mechanistic correlates of protection associated with this vaccine strategy. We relate this to other vaccine studies of gB as well as other vaccine strategies to determine areas of commonality and divergence. Finally, through the review, we discuss the unique challenges and opportunities presented with vaccine studies in transplant populations with recommendations that could empower subsequent trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariane C Gomes
- Institute for Immunity and Transplantation, University College London, London NW3 2PF, UK
| | - Paul D Griffiths
- Institute for Immunity and Transplantation, University College London, London NW3 2PF, UK
| | - Matthew B Reeves
- Institute for Immunity and Transplantation, University College London, London NW3 2PF, UK.
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Rüdt M, Vormittag P, Hillebrandt N, Hubbuch J. Process monitoring of virus-like particle reassembly by diafiltration with UV/Vis spectroscopy and light scattering. Biotechnol Bioeng 2019; 116:1366-1379. [PMID: 30684365 PMCID: PMC6593973 DOI: 10.1002/bit.26935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Revised: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Virus-like particles (VLPs) have shown great potential as biopharmaceuticals in the market and in clinics. Nonenveloped, in vivo assembled VLPs are typically disassembled and reassembled in vitro to improve particle stability, homogeneity, and immunogenicity. At the industrial scale, cross-flow filtration (CFF) is the method of choice for performing reassembly by diafiltration. Here, we developed an experimental CFF setup with an on-line measurement loop for the implementation of process analytical technology (PAT). The measurement loop included an ultraviolet and visible (UV/Vis) spectrometer as well as a light scattering photometer. These sensors allowed for monitoring protein concentration, protein tertiary structure, and protein quaternary structure. The experimental setup was tested with three Hepatitis B core Antigen (HBcAg) variants. With each variant, three reassembly processes were performed at different transmembrane pressures (TMPs). While light scattering provided information on the assembly progress, UV/Vis allowed for monitoring the protein concentration and the rate of VLP assembly based on the microenvironment of Tyrosine-132. VLP formation was verified by off-line dynamic light scattering (DLS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Furthermore, the experimental results provided evidence of aggregate-related assembly inhibition and showed that off-line size-exclusion chromatography does not provide a complete picture of the particle content. Finally, a Partial-Least Squares (PLS) model was calibrated to predict VLP concentrations in the process solution. Q 2 values of 0.947-0.984 were reached for the three HBcAg variants. In summary, the proposed experimental setup provides a powerful platform for developing and monitoring VLP reassembly steps by CFF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Rüdt
- Institute of Engineering in Life Sciences, Section IV: Biomolecular Separation EngineeringKarlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)KarlsruheGermany
| | - Philipp Vormittag
- Institute of Engineering in Life Sciences, Section IV: Biomolecular Separation EngineeringKarlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)KarlsruheGermany
| | - Nils Hillebrandt
- Institute of Engineering in Life Sciences, Section IV: Biomolecular Separation EngineeringKarlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)KarlsruheGermany
| | - Jürgen Hubbuch
- Institute of Engineering in Life Sciences, Section IV: Biomolecular Separation EngineeringKarlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)KarlsruheGermany
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Schleiss MR, Permar SR, Plotkin SA. Progress toward Development of a Vaccine against Congenital Cytomegalovirus Infection. CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY : CVI 2017; 24:e00268-17. [PMID: 29046308 PMCID: PMC5717185 DOI: 10.1128/cvi.00268-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
A vaccine against congenital human cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is a major public health priority. Congenital CMV causes substantial long-term morbidity, particularly sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL), in newborns, and the public health impact of this infection on maternal and child health is underrecognized. Although progress toward development of a vaccine has been limited by an incomplete understanding of the correlates of protective immunity for the fetus, knowledge about some of the key components of the maternal immune response necessary for preventing transplacental transmission is accumulating. Moreover, although there have been concerns raised about observations indicating that maternal seropositivity does not fully prevent recurrent maternal CMV infections during pregnancy, it is becoming increasing clear that preconception immunity does confer some measure of protection against both CMV transmission and CMV disease (if transmission occurs) in the newborn infant. Although the immunity to CMV conferred by both infection and vaccination is imperfect, there are encouraging data emerging from clinical trials demonstrating the immunogenicity and potential efficacy of candidate CMV vaccines. In the face of the knowledge that between 20,000 and 30,000 infants are born with congenital CMV in the United States every year, there is an urgent and compelling need to accelerate the pace of vaccine trials. In this minireview, we summarize the status of CMV vaccines in clinical trials and provide a perspective on what would be required for a CMV immunization program to become incorporated into clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark R Schleiss
- Center for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology Translational Research, University of Minnesota Medical School, Department of Pediatrics, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Sallie R Permar
- Duke University Medical School, Human Vaccine Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Stanley A Plotkin
- University of Pennsylvania, Vaxconsult, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Hoffmann D, Ebrahimi M, Gerlach D, Salzig D, Czermak P. Reassessment of inclusion body-based production as a versatile opportunity for difficult-to-express recombinant proteins. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2017; 38:729-744. [DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2017.1398134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Hoffmann
- Institute of Bioprocess Engineering and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Applied Sciences Mittelhessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Mehrdad Ebrahimi
- Institute of Bioprocess Engineering and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Applied Sciences Mittelhessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Doreen Gerlach
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology (IME), Project group Bioresources, Giessen, Germany
| | - Denise Salzig
- Institute of Bioprocess Engineering and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Applied Sciences Mittelhessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Peter Czermak
- Institute of Bioprocess Engineering and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Applied Sciences Mittelhessen, Giessen, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology (IME), Project group Bioresources, Giessen, Germany
- Faculty of Biology and Chemistry, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
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Anderholm KM, Bierle CJ, Schleiss MR. Cytomegalovirus Vaccines: Current Status and Future Prospects. Drugs 2017; 76:1625-1645. [PMID: 27882457 DOI: 10.1007/s40265-016-0653-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Congenital human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection can result in severe and permanent neurological injury in newborns, and vaccine development is accordingly a major public health priority. HCMV can also cause disease in solid organ transplant (SOT) and hematopoietic stem-cell transplant (HSCT) recipients, and a vaccine would be valuable in prevention of viremia and end-organ disease in these populations. Currently there is no licensed HCMV vaccine, but progress toward this goal has been made in recent clinical trials. A recombinant HCMV glycoprotein B (gB) vaccine has been shown to have some efficacy in prevention of infection in young women and adolescents, and has provided benefit to HCMV-seronegative SOT recipients. Similarly, DNA vaccines based on gB and the immunodominant T-cell target, pp65 (ppUL83), have been shown to reduce viremia in HSCT patients. This review provides an overview of HCMV vaccine candidates in various stages of development, as well as an update on the current status of ongoing clinical trials. Protective correlates of vaccine-induced immunity may be different for pregnant woman and transplant patients. As more knowledge emerges about correlates of protection, the ultimate licensure of HCMV vaccines may reflect the uniqueness of the target populations being immunized.
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Affiliation(s)
- K M Anderholm
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Center for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology Translational Research, University of Minnesota Medical School, 2001 6th Street SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - C J Bierle
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Center for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology Translational Research, University of Minnesota Medical School, 2001 6th Street SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - M R Schleiss
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Center for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology Translational Research, University of Minnesota Medical School, 2001 6th Street SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.
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11
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Continuous polyethylene glycol precipitation of recombinant antibodies: Sequential precipitation and resolubilization. Process Biochem 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2015.11.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Besnard L, Fabre V, Fettig M, Gousseinov E, Kawakami Y, Laroudie N, Scanlan C, Pattnaik P. Clarification of vaccines: An overview of filter based technology trends and best practices. Biotechnol Adv 2016; 34:1-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2015.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Revised: 11/28/2015] [Accepted: 11/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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13
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Cunha B, Aguiar T, Silva MM, Silva RJ, Sousa MF, Pineda E, Peixoto C, Carrondo MJ, Serra M, Alves PM. Exploring continuous and integrated strategies for the up- and downstream processing of human mesenchymal stem cells. J Biotechnol 2015; 213:97-108. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2015.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2014] [Revised: 02/08/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Effio CL, Hubbuch J. Next generation vaccines and vectors: Designing downstream processes for recombinant protein-based virus-like particles. Biotechnol J 2015; 10:715-27. [PMID: 25880158 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201400392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Revised: 02/11/2015] [Accepted: 03/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, the development of novel recombinant virus-like particles (VLPs) has been generating new perspectives for the prevention of untreated and arising infectious diseases. However, cost-reduction and acceleration of manufacturing processes for VLP-based vaccines or vectors are key challenges for the global health system. In particular, the design of rapid and cost-efficient purification processes is a critical bottleneck. In this review, we describe and evaluate new concepts, development strategies and unit operations for the downstream processing of VLPs. A special focus is placed on purity requirements and current trends, as well as chances and limitations of novel technologies. The discussed methods and case studies demonstrate the advances and remaining challenges in both rational process development and purification tools for large biomolecules. The potential of a new era of VLP-based products is highlighted by the progress of various VLPs in clinical phases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Ladd Effio
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Process Engineering in Life Sciences, Section IV: Biomolecular Separation Engineering, Karlsruhe, Germany
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Eibl R, Eibl D. Editorial: Single-use technology in biopharmaceutical manufacturing. Eng Life Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/elsc.201400095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Regine Eibl
- Institute of Biotechnology, Zurich University of Applied Sciences; Switzerland
| | - Dieter Eibl
- Institute of Biotechnology, Zurich University of Applied Sciences; Switzerland
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