1
|
Staneva D, Dimitrova N, Popov B, Alexandrova A, Georgieva M, Miloshev G. Haberlea rhodopensis Extract Tunes the Cellular Response to Stress by Modulating DNA Damage, Redox Components, and Gene Expression. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15964. [PMID: 37958947 PMCID: PMC10647427 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Ionizing radiation (IR) and reactive oxygen species (ROS)-induced oxidative stress can cause damage to cellular biomolecules, including DNA, proteins, and lipids. These harmful effects can compromise essential cellular functions and significantly raise the risk of metabolic dysfunction, accumulation of harmful mutations, genome instability, cancer, accelerated cellular senescence, and even death. Here, we present an investigation of HeLa cancer cells' early response to gamma IR (γ-IR) and oxidative stress after preincubation of the cells with natural extracts of the resurrection plant Haberlea rhodopensis. In light of the superior protection offered by plant extracts against radiation and oxidative stress, we investigated the cellular defence mechanisms involved in such protection. Specifically, we sought to evaluate the molecular effects of H. rhodopensis extract (HRE) on cells subjected to genotoxic stress by examining the components of the redox pathway and quantifying the transcription levels of several critical genes associated with DNA repair, cell cycle regulation, and apoptosis. The influence of HRE on genome integrity and the cell cycle was also studied via comet assay and flow cytometry. Our findings demonstrate that HREs can effectively modulate the cellular response to genotoxic and oxidative stress within the first two hours following exposure, thereby reducing the severity of such stress. Furthermore, we observed the specificity of genoprotective HRE doses depending on the source of the applied genotoxic stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dessislava Staneva
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Epigenetics and Longevity, Institute of Molecular Biology “Roumen Tsanev”, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (D.S.); (M.G.)
| | - Neli Dimitrova
- Department of Molecular Biology, Immunology and Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Trakia University, 6000 Stara Zagora, Bulgaria; (N.D.); (B.P.)
| | - Borislav Popov
- Department of Molecular Biology, Immunology and Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Trakia University, 6000 Stara Zagora, Bulgaria; (N.D.); (B.P.)
| | - Albena Alexandrova
- Laboratory of Free Radical Processes, Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria;
| | - Milena Georgieva
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Epigenetics and Longevity, Institute of Molecular Biology “Roumen Tsanev”, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (D.S.); (M.G.)
| | - George Miloshev
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Epigenetics and Longevity, Institute of Molecular Biology “Roumen Tsanev”, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (D.S.); (M.G.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Tewari S, Patel M, Debnath AVF, Mehta P, Patel S, Bakshi S. Bamboo leaf extract ameliorates radiation induced genotoxicity: An in vitro study of chromosome aberration assay. J Herb Med 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hermed.2021.100528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
3
|
Podophyllum hexandrum and its active constituents: Novel radioprotectants. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 146:112555. [PMID: 34954639 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Human exposure to radiation has expanded considerably in recent years, due to a wide range of medical, agricultural, and industrial applications. Despite its beneficial utilities, radiation is also known to have a deleterious effect on cells and tissues, largely through the creation of free radicals, which cause severe damage to biological systems through processes such as DNA double/single-strand fragmentation, protein modification, and upregulation of lipid peroxidation pathways. In addition, radiation damages genetic material while inducing hereditary genotoxicity. Developing measures to counter radiation-induced damage is thus considered to be of significant importance. Considering the inherent capability of plants to survive radiative conditions, certain plants and natural compounds have been the subject of investigations to explore and harness their natural radioprotective abilities. Podophyllum hexandrum, an Indian medicinal plant with several known traditional phytotherapeutic uses, is considered in particular to be of immense therapeutic importance. Recent studies have been conducted to validate its radioprotective potential alongside discovering its protective mechanisms following γ-radiation-induced mortality and disorder in both mice and human cells. These findings show that Podophyllum and its constituents/natural compounds protect the lungs, gastrointestinal tissues, hemopoietic system, and testis by inducing DNA repair pathways, apoptosis inhibition, free radical scavenging, metal chelation, anti-oxidation and anti-inflammatory mechanisms. In this review, we have provided an updated, comprehensive summary of ionizing radiations and their impacts on biological systems, highlighting the mechanistic and radioprotective role of natural compounds from Podophyllum hexandrum.
Collapse
|
4
|
Sharma AK, Shukla SK, Kalonia A, Shaw P, Khanna K, Gupta R, Yashavarddhan MH, Bhatnagar A. Evaluation of decontamination efficacy of electrolytically generated hypochlorous acid for vesicating agent: A multimodel Study. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2021; 23:287-299. [PMID: 33719970 DOI: 10.2174/1389201022666210311140922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sulfur Mustard is a strong vesicant and chemical warfare agent that imposes toxicity to the lungs, eyes, and skin after accidental or intended exposure. OBJECTIVES The current study was intended to explore in vitro and in vivo decontamination properties of electrolytically generated HOCl (hypochlorous acid) against CEES (2-chloroethyle ethyle sulphide), a known sulfur mustard simulant & vesicating agent. METHODS In vitro studies were carried out using UV spectroscopy and GC-MS methods. In vivo studies were perfomred in Strain A and immune compromised mice by subcutaneous as well as prophylactic topical administrion of HOCl pretreated CEES. The blister formation and mortality were considered as end-point. Histopathological study was conducted on skin samples by H & E method. DNA damage studies measuring γ-H2AX and ATM has been carried out in human blood using flow cytometry. Anti-bacterial action was tested by employing broth micro dilution methods. Comparative study was also carried out with known oxidizing agents. RESULTS The topical application of pre-treated CEES at 5, 30 min and 1 h time points showed significant (p<0.001) inhibition of blister formation. DNA damage study showed reduced mean flourences intensity of DSBs nearly 17-20 times, suggesting that HOCl plays a protective role against DNA damage. Histopathology showed no sign of necrosis in the epidermis upto 5 min although moderate changes were observed at 30 min. Pretreated samples were analyzed for detection of reaction products with m/z value of 75.04, 69.08, 83.93, 85.95, 123.99, 126.00, and 108.97. HOCl showed strong bactericidal effect at 40 ppm. The absorbance spectra of HOCl treated CEES showed lowered peaks in comparison to CEES alone and other oxidizing agents Conclusion: In a nutshell, our results signify the decontamination role of HOCl for biological surface application.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ajay Kumar Sharma
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine & Allied Sciences, Defence Research and Development Organization, Lucknow Road, Timarpur, Delhi-110054. India
| | - Sandeep Kumar Shukla
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine & Allied Sciences, Defence Research and Development Organization, Lucknow Road, Timarpur, Delhi-110054. India
| | - Aman Kalonia
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine & Allied Sciences, Defence Research and Development Organization, Lucknow Road, Timarpur, Delhi-110054. India
| | - Priyanka Shaw
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine & Allied Sciences, Defence Research and Development Organization, Lucknow Road, Timarpur, Delhi-110054. India
| | - Kushagra Khanna
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine & Allied Sciences, Defence Research and Development Organization, Lucknow Road, Timarpur, Delhi-110054. India
| | - Richa Gupta
- Graphic Era Deemed to be University, Dehradun. India
| | - M H Yashavarddhan
- Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, Defence Research and Development Organization, Lucknow Road, Timarpur, Delhi-110054. India
| | - Assem Bhatnagar
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine & Allied Sciences, Defence Research and Development Organization, Lucknow Road, Timarpur, Delhi-110054. India
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Koval L, Zemskaya N, Aliper A, Zhavoronkov A, Moskalev A. Evaluation of the geroprotective effects of withaferin A in Drosophila melanogaster. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:1817-1841. [PMID: 33498013 PMCID: PMC7880378 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Withanolides are a class of compounds usually found in plant extracts which are an attractive geroprotective drug design starting point. We evaluated the geroprotective properties of Withaferin A (WA) in vivo using the Drosophila model. Flies were supplemented by nutrient medium with WA (at a concentration of 1, 10, or 100 μM dissolved in ethanol) for the experiment group and 30 μM of ethanol for the control group. WA treatment at 10 and 100 μM concentrations prolong the median life span of D. melanogaster's male by 7.7, 9.6% (respectively) and the maximum life span (the age of death 90% of individuals) by 11.1% both. Also WA treatment at 1, 10 and 100 μM improved the intestinal barrier permeability in older flies and affected an expression of genes involved in antioxidant defense (PrxV), recognition of DNA damage (Gadd45), heat shock proteins (Hsp68, Hsp83), and repair of double-strand breaks (Ku80). WA was also shown to have a multidirectional effect on the resistance of flies to the prooxidant paraquat (oxidative stress) and 33° C hyperthermia (heat shock). WA treatment increased the resistance to oxidative stress in males at 4 and 7 week old and decreased it at 6 weeks old. It increased the male's resistance to hyperthermia at 2, 4 and 7 weeks old and decreased it at 3, 5 and 8 weeks old. WA treatment decreased the resistance to hyperthermia in females at 1, 2 and 3 weeks old and not affected on their resistance to oxidative stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liubov Koval
- Institute of Biology, Komi Science Centre, the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Syktyvkar, Komi Republic, Russia
| | - Nadezhda Zemskaya
- Institute of Biology, Komi Science Centre, the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Syktyvkar, Komi Republic, Russia
| | - Alexander Aliper
- Deep Longevity Ltd, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Hong Kong, China
| | - Alex Zhavoronkov
- Deep Longevity Ltd, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Hong Kong, China
| | - Alexey Moskalev
- Institute of Biology, Komi Science Centre, the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Syktyvkar, Komi Republic, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Yashavarddhan MH, Sharma AK, Chaudhary P, Bajaj S, Singh S, Shukla SK. Development of hematopoietic syndrome mice model for localized radiation exposure. Sci Rep 2021; 11:89. [PMID: 33420217 PMCID: PMC7794306 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-80075-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Current models to study the hematopoietic syndrome largely rely on the uniform whole-body exposures. However, in the radio-nuclear accidents or terrorist events, exposure can be non-uniform. The data available on the non-uniform exposures is limited. Thus, we have developed a mice model for studying the hematopoietic syndrome in the non-uniform or partial body exposure scenarios using the localized cobalt60 gamma radiation exposure. Femur region of Strain 'A' male mice was exposed to doses ranging from 7 to 20 Gy. The 30 day survival assay showed 19 Gy as LD100 and 17 Gy as LD50. We measured an array of cytokines and important stem cell markers such as IFN-γ, IL-3, IL-6, GM-CSF, TNF-α, G-CSF, IL-1α, IL-1β, CD 34 and Sca 1. We found significant changes in IL-6, GM-CSF, TNF-α, G-CSF, and IL-1β levels compared to untreated groups and amplified levels of CD 34 and Sca 1 positive population in the irradiated mice compared to the untreated controls. Overall, we have developed a mouse model of the hematopoietic acute radiation syndrome that might be useful for understanding of the non-uniform body exposure scenarios. This may also be helpful in the screening of drugs intended for individuals suffering from radiation induced hematopoietic syndrome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M H Yashavarddhan
- National Institute of Cancer Prevention & Research, Indian Council of Medical Research, Sector-39, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201301, India
| | - Ajay Kumar Sharma
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Defence Research and Development Organisation, Brig. S K Mazumdar Marg, Timarpur, Delhi, 110054, India
| | - Pankaj Chaudhary
- The Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Sania Bajaj
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Defence Research and Development Organisation, Brig. S K Mazumdar Marg, Timarpur, Delhi, 110054, India
| | - Sukhvir Singh
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Defence Research and Development Organisation, Brig. S K Mazumdar Marg, Timarpur, Delhi, 110054, India
| | - Sandeep Kumar Shukla
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Defence Research and Development Organisation, Brig. S K Mazumdar Marg, Timarpur, Delhi, 110054, India.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Verma S, Gupta ML, Kumar K. A combined prophylactic modality of podophyllotoxin and rutin alleviates radiation induced injuries to the lymphohematopoietic system of mice by modulating cytokines, cell cycle progression, and apoptosis. Free Radic Res 2020; 54:497-516. [PMID: 32746646 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2020.1805447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The present study was conceptualized to delineate radioprotective efficacy of a formulation G-003M (a combination of podophyllotoxin and rutin) against radiation-induced damage to the lymphohematopoietic system of mice. C57BL/6J mice, treated with G-003M 1 h prior to 9 Gy lethal dose, were assessed for reactive oxygen species (ROS)/nitric oxide (NO) generation, antioxidant alterations, Annexin V/PI and TUNEL staining for apoptosis, modulation of apoptotic proteins, cell proliferation, histological alterations in thymus and cell cycle arrest in bone marrow cells. Induction of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), granulocytes macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), interleukin-IL-6, IL-10, IL-1α, and IL-1β in response to G-003M was also evaluated in different groups of mice. Haematopoietic reconstitution with G-003M was explored by examining endogenous spleen colony-forming units (CFU-S) in irradiated animals. G-003M significantly inhibited ROS/NO, malondialdehyde (MDA) and restored cellular antioxidant glutathione in the thymus of irradiated animals. G-003M pre-treatment significantly (p < 0.001) restrained apoptosis in thymocytes via upregulation of Bcl2 and down-regulation of Bax, p53 and caspase-3. Stimulation of cell proliferation and inhibition of apoptosis by G-003M, restored architecture of thymus in irradiated animals within 30 days as evaluated by histological analysis. G-003M arrested cells at the G2/M phase by inducing reversible cell cycle arrest. Peak expression of G-CSF (45-fold) and IL-6 (60-fold) as well as moderate induction of GM-CSF, IL-10, IL-1α by G-003M helped in haematopoietic recovery of irradiated mice. A higher number of endogenous CFU-S in G-003M pre-treated irradiated mice suggested haematopoietic recovery. Data obtained from the current study affirms that G-003M can be proved as a potential radioprotective agent against radiation damage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Savita Verma
- Division of Radiation Biosciences, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences (INMAS), DRDO, Delhi, India
| | - Manju Lata Gupta
- Division of Radioprotective Drug Development Research, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences (INMAS), DRDO, Delhi, India
| | - Kamal Kumar
- Division of Radiation Biosciences, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences (INMAS), DRDO, Delhi, India
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Nadella V, Ranjan R, Senthilkumaran B, Qadri SSYH, Pothani S, Singh AK, Gupta ML, Prakash H. Podophyllotoxin and Rutin Modulate M1 (iNOS+) Macrophages and Mitigate Lethal Radiation (LR) Induced Inflammatory Responses in Mice. Front Immunol 2019; 10:106. [PMID: 30809222 PMCID: PMC6379314 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Accidental exposure to lethal doses of Gamma radiation leads to the systemic inflammatory syndrome which causes mortality. In view of this, management of hemopoietic syndrome by modulating pro-inflammatory response in clinically manageable time period seems to be the most appropriate strategy for encountering radiation induced damage and recovery. As both tissue and peripheral macrophages are critical for the management of radiation induced injuries, we have unraveled the immunomodulatory potential of radioprotective formulation (G-003M) on peripheral macrophages populations in this study. G-003M inhibited lethal radiation induced NO and Th1 effector cytokines in the exposed macrophages indicating its M1 dim polarizing capacity. In similar lines, conditioning of mice with G-003M before lethal irradiation (LR) inhibited LR induced titre of Th1 effector cytokines in both serums as well as in lung, small intestine, and spleen tissue confirming its immunomodulatory potential. G-003M potentially down modulated inflammatory response in LPS induced inflammatory model and enhanced M2 polarization of iNOS+ M1 effector macrophages providing a molecular hint on G-003M mechanism of action on macrophages. These observations revealed that G-003M potentially modulate pro-inflammatory programming of macrophages and mitigate radiation-induced inflammatory stress which is believed to contribute significantly to radioprotective attribute of G-003M. In this study, we demonstrate that Rutin and Podophyllotoxin drive M1dim/M2 polarization of LR primed macrophages apart from protecting DNA from radiation. These drugs have the capacity to programme innate immune cells like macrophages which may be involved in homeostasis during recovery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vinod Nadella
- Laboratory of Translational Medicine, School of Life Science, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
| | - Rajiv Ranjan
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Defence Research and Development Organization, New Delhi, India
| | | | - S S Y H Qadri
- National Institute of Nutrition, Indian Council of Medical Research Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
| | - Suresh Pothani
- National Animal Resource Facility for Bio-Medical Research, Indian Council of Medical Research Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
| | - Ajay Kumar Singh
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Defence Research and Development Organization, New Delhi, India
| | - Manju L Gupta
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Defence Research and Development Organization, New Delhi, India
| | - Hridayesh Prakash
- Laboratory of Translational Medicine, School of Life Science, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Dutta A, Gupta ML, Verma S. Podophyllotoxin and rutin in combination prevents oxidative stress mediated cell death and advances revival of mice gastrointestine following lethal radiation injury. Free Radic Res 2018; 52:103-117. [DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2017.1418982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ajaswrata Dutta
- Division of Radioprotective Drug Development Research, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences (INMAS) Defence Research and Development Organization (DRDO), Delhi, India
| | - Manju Lata Gupta
- Division of Radioprotective Drug Development Research, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences (INMAS) Defence Research and Development Organization (DRDO), Delhi, India
| | - Savita Verma
- Division of Radioprotective Drug Development Research, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences (INMAS) Defence Research and Development Organization (DRDO), Delhi, India
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Galal SM, Abdel-Rafei MK, Hasan HF. Cholinergic and cytoprotective signaling cascades mediate the mitigative effect of erythropoietin on acute radiation syndrome. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2017; 96:442-458. [PMID: 29220591 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2017-0578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The present investigation aimed to evaluate the radiomitigative efficacy of the recombinant human erythropoietin (EPO) against acute radiation syndrome (ARS) in a rat model. Rats were irradiated with a single sublethal dose of γ-radiation (7 Gy; total body irradiation; TBI) on the 1st day of experimental course, then received EPO (5000 IU/kg; i.p.) 24 h after irradiation, and rats were observed for 30 days of survival analysis. Administration of EPO improved 30-day survival, alleviated TBI-induced myelosuppression and pancytopenia, by augmenting lymphocytes and other white blood cells in the peripheral blood of rats, while bone marrow and spleen cellularity were restored. EPO post-exposure treatment alleviated hepatotoxicity biomarkers and restored splenic function. EPO abrogated radiation-induced oxidative stress through the upregulation of the cholinergic anti-inflammatory nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α-7-nAChR) and the pro-survival Janus kinase-2 and signal transducers and activators of transcription JAK-2/STAT-3 signaling mediated via enhancing nuclear factor erythroid-2 related factor-2 (Nrf-2) cytoprotective machinery in liver and spleen of irradiated rats. Moreover, EPO treatment prevented hepatic and splenic apoptosis. The present study establishes the implication of α-7-nAChR-JAK-2/STAT-3-Nrf-2 signaling cascade in the radiomitigative potential of EPO against ARS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shereen Mohamed Galal
- a Health Radiation Research Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology, Atomic Energy Authority, P.O. Box 29, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Khairy Abdel-Rafei
- b Radiation Biology Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology, Atomic Energy Authority, P.O. Box 29, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hesham Farouk Hasan
- b Radiation Biology Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology, Atomic Energy Authority, P.O. Box 29, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Yashavarddhan MH, Shukla SK, Chaudhary P, Srivastava NN, Joshi J, Suar M, Gupta ML. Targeting DNA Repair through Podophyllotoxin and Rutin Formulation in Hematopoietic Radioprotection: An in Silico, in Vitro, and in Vivo Study. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:750. [PMID: 29163150 PMCID: PMC5671582 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug discovery field has tremendously progressed during last few decades, however, an effective radiation countermeasure agent for the safe administration to the victims of radiation exposure is still unavailable. This multi-model study is aimed at elucidating the mechanistic aspects of a novel podophyllotoxin and rutin combination (henceforth referred as G-003M) in the hematopoietic radioprotection and its involvement in the DNA damage and repair signaling pathways. Using in silico study, we identified the binding sites and structural components of G-003M and validated in vitro. We further studied various in vivo endpoints related to the DNA repair and cell death pathways in mice pre-administered with G-003M, irradiated and subsequently euthanized to collect blood and bone marrow cells. In silico study showed the binding of podophyllotoxin to β-tubulin and presence of a functional hydroxyl group in the rutin, suggested their involvement in G2/M arrest and the free radical scavenging respectively. This experimentation was further validated through in vitro studies. In vivo mice studies confirmed that G-003M pre-administration attenuated DNA damage and enhanced repair after whole body exposure. We further noticed a decrease in the levels of γH2AX, p53BP1, and ATM kinase and an increase in the levels of DNA pk, Ku 80, Ligase IV, Mre 11, Rad 50 and NBS 1 in the blood and bone marrow cells of the G-003M pre-administered and irradiated mice. We noticed an overall increase in the pro-survival factors in the G-003M pre-treated and irradiated groups establishing the radioprotective efficacy of this formulation. The lead obtained from this study will certainly help in developing this formulation as a safe and effective radioprotector which could be used for humans against any planned or emergency exposure of radiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M H Yashavarddhan
- Division of Radioprotective Drug Development Research, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Defence Research and Development Organization, Timarpur, India.,KIIT School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Sandeep K Shukla
- Division of Radioprotective Drug Development Research, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Defence Research and Development Organization, Timarpur, India
| | - Pankaj Chaudhary
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Nitya N Srivastava
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Jayadev Joshi
- Division of Radioprotective Drug Development Research, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Defence Research and Development Organization, Timarpur, India
| | - Mrutyunjay Suar
- KIIT School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Manju L Gupta
- Division of Radioprotective Drug Development Research, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Defence Research and Development Organization, Timarpur, India
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Plant flavonoids in cancer chemoprevention: role in genome stability. J Nutr Biochem 2017; 45:1-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2016.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 215] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2016] [Revised: 08/27/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
13
|
Verma S, Kalita B, Bajaj S, Prakash H, Singh AK, Gupta ML. A Combination of Podophyllotoxin and Rutin Alleviates Radiation-Induced Pneumonitis and Fibrosis through Modulation of Lung Inflammation in Mice. Front Immunol 2017. [PMID: 28649248 PMCID: PMC5465247 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Pneumonitis and pulmonary fibrosis are predominant consequences of radiation exposure, whether planned or accidental. The present study, demonstrates radioprotective potential of a formulation, prepared by combining podophyllotoxin and rutin (G-003M), in mice exposed to 11 Gy thoracic gamma radiation (TGR). Treated mice were observed for survival and other symptomatic features. Formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS)/nitric oxide (NO) was measured in bronchoalveolar lavage cells. DNA damage and cell death were assessed in alveolar cells by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labeling assay. Total protein (TP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were measured in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF)/serum of mice to assess lung vascular permeability. Interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), cluster of differentiation 45, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and nitrotyrosine were also estimated in lungs/BALF of differentially treated mice. Our observations revealed 100% survival in G-003M-pretreated mice against 66.50% in 11 Gy TGR exposed. Other symptoms like reduction in graying of hair, weight loss, and breathing rate were also observed in pretreated groups. Significant decline in ROS/NO and cell death in formulation pretreated mice were also observed. Decreased level of TP, LDH, and ALP in BALF/serum samples revealed G-003M-induced inhibition in lung permeability. Level of IL-6, TNF-α, and TGF-β1 in the lungs of these mice was found corresponding to control group at 8 weeks posttreatment. On the contrary, these cytokines raised significantly in 11 Gy TGR-exposed mice. Lung pneumonitis and fibrosis were found significantly countered in these mice. The observations revealed that G-003M could regulate immune system by curtailing radiation-induced oxidative and inflammatory stress, which has helped in minimizing radiation-inflicted pneumonitis and fibrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Savita Verma
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences (INMAS), DRDO, New Delhi, India
| | - Bhargab Kalita
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences (INMAS), DRDO, New Delhi, India
| | - Sania Bajaj
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences (INMAS), DRDO, New Delhi, India
| | - Hridayesh Prakash
- Laboratory of Translational Medicine, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
| | - Ajay Kumar Singh
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences (INMAS), DRDO, New Delhi, India
| | - Manju Lata Gupta
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences (INMAS), DRDO, New Delhi, India
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Singh A, Yashavarddhan MH, Kalita B, Ranjan R, Bajaj S, Prakash H, Gupta ML. Podophyllotoxin and Rutin Modulates Ionizing Radiation-Induced Oxidative Stress and Apoptotic Cell Death in Mice Bone Marrow and Spleen. Front Immunol 2017; 8:183. [PMID: 28289414 PMCID: PMC5326804 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study is aimed to investigate the radioprotective efficacy of G-003M (combination of podophyllotoxin and rutin) against gamma radiation-induced oxidative stress and subsequent cell death in mice bone marrow and spleen. Prophylactic administration of G-003M (−1 h) rendered more than 85% survival in mice exposed to 9 Gy (lethal dose) with dose reduction factor of 1.26. G-003M pretreated mice demonstrated significantly reduced level of reactive oxygen species, membrane lipid peroxidation, and retained glutathione level. In the same group, we obtained increased expression of master redox regulator, nuclear factor erythroid-derived like-2 factor (Nrf-2), and its downstream targets (heme oxygenase-1, Nqo-1, glutathione S-transferase, and thioredoxin reductase-1). In addition, G-003M preadministration has also shown a significant reduction in Keap-1 level (Nrf-2 inhibitor). Radiation-induced lethality was significantly amended in combination-treated (G-003M) mice as demonstrated by reduced 8-OHdG, annexin V FITC+ cells, and restored mitochondrial membrane potential. Expression of antiapoptotic protein Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL was restored in G-003M pretreated group. However, proapoptotic proteins (Puma, Bax, Bak, Caspase-3, and Caspase-7) were significantly declined in this group. Further analysis of immune cells revealed G-003M-mediated restoration of CD3 and CD19 receptor, which was found decreased to significant level following irradiation. Similarly, Gr-1, a marker of granulocytes, was also retained by G-003M administration prior to radiation. Modulatory potential of this formulation (G-003M) can be exploited as a safe and effective countermeasure against radiation-induced lymphohemopoietic injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abhinav Singh
- Division of Radioprotective Drug Development and Research, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Defense Research and Development Organization , Delhi , India
| | - M H Yashavarddhan
- Division of Radioprotective Drug Development and Research, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Defense Research and Development Organization , Delhi , India
| | - Bhargab Kalita
- Division of Radioprotective Drug Development and Research, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Defense Research and Development Organization , Delhi , India
| | - Rajiv Ranjan
- Division of Radioprotective Drug Development and Research, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Defense Research and Development Organization , Delhi , India
| | - Sania Bajaj
- Division of Radioprotective Drug Development and Research, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Defense Research and Development Organization , Delhi , India
| | - Hridayesh Prakash
- Translational Medicine Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad , Hyderabad , India
| | - Manju Lata Gupta
- Division of Radioprotective Drug Development and Research, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Defense Research and Development Organization , Delhi , India
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Kalita B, Ranjan R, Singh A, Yashavarddhan MH, Bajaj S, Gupta ML. A Combination of Podophyllotoxin and Rutin Attenuates Radiation Induced Gastrointestinal Injury by Negatively Regulating NF-κB/p53 Signaling in Lethally Irradiated Mice. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0168525. [PMID: 28036347 PMCID: PMC5201299 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0168525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2016] [Accepted: 12/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Development of an effective radio protector to minimise radiation-inflicted damages have largely failed owing to inherent toxicity of most of the agents examined so far. This study is centred towards delivering protection to lethally irradiated mice by pre-administration of a safe formulation G-003M (combination of podophyllotoxin and rutin) majorly through regulation of inflammatory and cell death pathways in mice. Single intramuscular dose of G-003M injected 60 min prior to 9 Gy exposure rescued 89% of whole body lethally irradiated C57BL/6J mice. Studies have revealed reduction in radiation induced reactive oxygen species (ROS), nitric oxide (NO) generation, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) levels and intestinal apoptosis in G-003M pre-treated mice intestine. Restricted nuclear translocation of redox-sensitive Nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and subsequent downregulation of cyclo-oxygenase 2 (COX-2), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS; EC 1.14.13.39) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) levels demonstrated the anti-inflammatory effect that G-003M exerts. Support to early hematopoietic recovery was exhibited through G-003M mediated induction of granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) and interleukin (IL-6) levels in lethally irradiated mice. Considerable attenuation in radiation induced morphological damage to the intestinal villi, crypts and mucosal layers was observed in G-003M pre-treated mice. Additionally, our formulation did not reduce the sensitivity of tumor tissue to radiation. Altogether, these results suggest that G-003M ameliorates the deleterious effects of radiation exposure by minimising ROS and NO generation and effectively regulating inflammatory and cell death pathways. Mechanism of protection elucidated in the current study demonstrates that G-003M can be used as a safe and effective radio protective agent in radiotherapy for human application.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bhargab Kalita
- Division of Radioprotective Drug Development and Research, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Brig.S.K Mazumdar Marg, Delhi, INDIA
| | - Rajiv Ranjan
- Division of Radioprotective Drug Development and Research, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Brig.S.K Mazumdar Marg, Delhi, INDIA
| | - Abhinav Singh
- Division of Radioprotective Drug Development and Research, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Brig.S.K Mazumdar Marg, Delhi, INDIA
| | - M. H. Yashavarddhan
- Division of Radioprotective Drug Development and Research, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Brig.S.K Mazumdar Marg, Delhi, INDIA
| | - Sania Bajaj
- Division of Radioprotective Drug Development and Research, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Brig.S.K Mazumdar Marg, Delhi, INDIA
| | - Manju Lata Gupta
- Division of Radioprotective Drug Development and Research, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Brig.S.K Mazumdar Marg, Delhi, INDIA
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Yashavarddhan MH, Shukla SK, Srivastava NN, Suar M, Dutta S, Kalita B, Ranjan R, Singh A, Bajaj S, Gupta ML. γH2AX formation kinetics in PBMCs of rabbits exposed to acute and fractionated radiation and attenuation of focus frequency through preadministration of a combination of podophyllotoxin and rutin hydrate. ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS 2016; 57:455-468. [PMID: 27338557 DOI: 10.1002/em.22027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Revised: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
DNA damage can be assessed by the quantitation of γH2AX foci that form at DSB sites. This study examines the generation and persistence of γH2AX foci, variability in foci size after acute and fractionated radiation exposure, and the effect of pretreatment with a safe radioprotective formulation termed G-003M on foci generation and persistence. G-003M contains a combination of podophyllotoxin and rutin hydrate, and was administered intramuscularly to rabbits 1 hr prior to Co(60) gamma irradiation. Rabbits were assigned to one of the following treatment groups: untreated, G-003M alone, irradiated (single dose 8 Gy, fractionated 2 Gy/day for 4 days or single dose 2 Gy) or G-003M preadministration followed by radiation exposure. Foci continuously persisted for a week in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of rabbits exposed to a single 8 Gy dose. However, the number of foci gradually decreased after reaching a maximum at 1 h. In rabbits exposed to fractionated radiation, foci detected 1 hr after the final exposure were significantly larger (P < 0.001) than in rabbits exposed to a single 8 Gy dose, but disappeared completely after 24 h. In both groups, foci reappeared on days 11-15 in terminally ill animals. G-003M pretreatment significantly (P < 0.05) attenuated the formation of γH2AX foci in all irradiated rabbits. This study reveals that γH2AX focus assessment could be used to confirm radiation exposure, that focus size reflects the type of radiation exposure (acute or fractionated), that the re-appearance of foci is a strong indicator of imminent death in animals, and that G-003M provides protection against radiation. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 57:455-468, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M H Yashavarddhan
- Division of Radioprotective Drug Development Research, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences (INMAS), DRDO, SK Mazumdar Marg, Delhi, 110054, India
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751024, India
| | - Sandeep K Shukla
- Division of Radioprotective Drug Development Research, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences (INMAS), DRDO, SK Mazumdar Marg, Delhi, 110054, India
| | - Nitya N Srivastava
- Division of Radioprotective Drug Development Research, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences (INMAS), DRDO, SK Mazumdar Marg, Delhi, 110054, India
| | - Mrutyunjay Suar
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751024, India
| | - Sangeeta Dutta
- Division of Radioprotective Drug Development Research, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences (INMAS), DRDO, SK Mazumdar Marg, Delhi, 110054, India
| | - Bhargab Kalita
- Division of Radioprotective Drug Development Research, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences (INMAS), DRDO, SK Mazumdar Marg, Delhi, 110054, India
| | - Rajiv Ranjan
- Division of Radioprotective Drug Development Research, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences (INMAS), DRDO, SK Mazumdar Marg, Delhi, 110054, India
| | - Abhinav Singh
- Division of Radioprotective Drug Development Research, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences (INMAS), DRDO, SK Mazumdar Marg, Delhi, 110054, India
| | - Sania Bajaj
- Division of Radioprotective Drug Development Research, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences (INMAS), DRDO, SK Mazumdar Marg, Delhi, 110054, India
| | - Manju L Gupta
- Division of Radioprotective Drug Development Research, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences (INMAS), DRDO, SK Mazumdar Marg, Delhi, 110054, India
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Dutta S, Yashavarddhan M, Srivastava NN, Ranjan R, Bajaj S, Kalita B, Singh A, Flora SJ, Gupta ML. Countering effects of a combination of podophyllotoxin, podophyllotoxin β-D-glucoside and rutin hydrate in minimizing radiation induced chromosomal damage, ROS and apoptosis in human blood lymphocytes. Food Chem Toxicol 2016; 91:141-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2016.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Revised: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
18
|
Verma S, Gupta ML. Radiation-induced hematopoietic myelosuppression and genotoxicity get significantly countered by active principles of Podophyllum hexandrum: A study in strain 'A' mice. Int J Radiat Biol 2015; 91:757-70. [PMID: 26073527 DOI: 10.3109/09553002.2015.1062576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the protective role of a novel formulation, prepared by a combination of three active principles isolated from Podophyllum hexandrum (G-002M), against radiation- mediated hematopoietic suppression and cytogenetic aberrations in lethally irradiated mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS G-002M, a combination of podophyllotoxin, podophyllotoxin-β-D glucoside and rutin, was administered intramuscularly in mice (- 1 h) to radiation (9 Gy) exposure. The animals were autopsied at different time intervals for further studies. RESULTS Loss of bone marrow progenitor cells, altered myeloid/erythroid ratio, serum erythropoietin and pancytopenia in irradiated mice was found significantly (p < 0.001) ameliorated in G-002M pre-administered mice within 30 d. Bcl-2 (B-cell lymphoma 2) and BAX (Bcl-2-associated X) protein expression was also positively (p < 0.001) countered in these mice. Chromosomal aberrations in 30 d were found remarkably (p < 0.001) reduced in marrow of G-002M pretreated mice. Accelerated antioxidants, reduced DNA damage, stimulated lymphocyte proliferation and minimal cellular atrophy in spleen were some of the other key features observed in G-002M administered mice. CONCLUSIONS Reduction in hematopoietic aplasia and chromosomal aberrations, besides, early recovery in bone marrow and spleen of G-002M pretreated mice, could be attributed to its free radical scavenging, DNA protecting and apoptotic proteins modulating ability against radiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Savita Verma
- a Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences (INMAS) , DRDO, Brig. S. K. Mazumdar Marg, Delhi , India
| | - Manju Lata Gupta
- a Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences (INMAS) , DRDO, Brig. S. K. Mazumdar Marg, Delhi , India
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Rothkamm K, Barnard S, Moquet J, Ellender M, Rana Z, Burdak-Rothkamm S. DNA damage foci: Meaning and significance. ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS 2015; 56:491-504. [PMID: 25773265 DOI: 10.1002/em.21944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 218] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2014] [Accepted: 02/13/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The discovery of DNA damage response proteins such as γH2AX, ATM, 53BP1, RAD51, and the MRE11/RAD50/NBS1 complex, that accumulate and/or are modified in the vicinity of a chromosomal DNA double-strand break to form microscopically visible, subnuclear foci, has revolutionized the detection of these lesions and has enabled studies of the cellular machinery that contributes to their repair. Double-strand breaks are induced directly by a number of physical and chemical agents, including ionizing radiation and radiomimetic drugs, but can also arise as secondary lesions during replication and DNA repair following exposure to a wide range of genotoxins. Here we aim to review the biological meaning and significance of DNA damage foci, looking specifically at a range of different settings in which such markers of DNA damage and repair are being studied and interpreted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Rothkamm
- Public Health England, Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards, Chilton, United Kingdom
- Department of Radiotherapy, Laboratory of Radiation Biology and Experimental Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stephen Barnard
- Public Health England, Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards, Chilton, United Kingdom
| | - Jayne Moquet
- Public Health England, Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards, Chilton, United Kingdom
| | - Michele Ellender
- Public Health England, Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards, Chilton, United Kingdom
| | - Zohaib Rana
- Public Health England, Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards, Chilton, United Kingdom
| | - Susanne Burdak-Rothkamm
- Department of Cellular Pathology, Oxford University Hospitals, Headley Way, Headington, Oxford, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Dutta A, Gupta ML, Kalita B. The combination of the active principles ofPodophyllum hexandrumsupports early recovery of the gastrointestinal system via activation of Nrf2-HO-1 signaling and the hematopoietic system, leading to effective whole-body survival in lethally irradiated mice. Free Radic Res 2015; 49:317-30. [DOI: 10.3109/10715762.2015.1004328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
|