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Liu Y, Yi J, Li Y, Hussain R, Zhu S, Li Y, Ouyang Z, Mehmood K, Hu L, Pan J, Tang Z, Li Y, Zhang H. Residue of thiram in food, suppresses immune system stress signals and disturbs sphingolipid metabolism in chickens. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2022; 247:110415. [PMID: 35344810 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2022.110415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Thiram, a well-known sulfur containing organic compound is frequently and extensively used in agriculture because of high biological activity to control different pests. In certain cases, due to long persistence in the environment pesticides and other environmental contaminants induce undesirable toxic impacts to public health and environment. To ascertain the potential mechanisms of toxicity of thiram on different immune organs of broilers, a total of 100 one-day-old chicks were obtained and randomly divided into two groups including thiram group (50 mg/kg) and untreated control group. Thymus and spleen tissues were collected at the age of 14 days from the experimental birds. At necropsy level, thymus was congested, enlarged and hyperemic while spleen had no obvious lesions. The results on mechanisms (apoptosis and autophagy) of immunotoxicity showed significantly increased expression of bax, caspase3, cytc, ATG5, beclin1 and p62 in spleen of treated mice. Results indicated significantly decreased expression of m-TOR and bcl2 to activate apoptosis and autophagy. The expressions of bax, p53 and m-TOR were up-regulated in the thymus while the expressions of ATG5 and Beclin1 were down-regulated to mediate cell apoptosis and inhibit autophagy. The results on different metabolome investigation showed that the sphingolipid metabolism in the thymus of chicks exposed to thiram was disrupted resulting in up-regulation of metabolites related to cell membrane components such as SM, galactosylceramide and lactosylceramide. The results of our experimental research suggest that thiram can interfere with the sphingolipid metabolism in thymus and angiogenesis, inhibit the proliferation of vascular endothelial cells to induce potential toxic effects in chicken.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingwei Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jiangnan Yi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yuanliang Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Riaz Hussain
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan
| | - Shanshan Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yangwei Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Zhuanxu Ouyang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Khalid Mehmood
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan
| | - Lianmei Hu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jiaqing Pan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Zhaoxin Tang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Ying Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
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Cailleaud K, Bassères A, Gelber C, Postma JF, Ter Schure ATM, Leonards PEG, Redman AD, Whale GF, Spence MJ, Hjort M. Investigating predictive tools for refinery effluent hazard assessment using stream mesocosms. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2019; 38:650-659. [PMID: 30569466 DOI: 10.1002/etc.4338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Revised: 09/08/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Hazard assessment of refinery effluents is challenging because of their compositional complexity. Therefore, a weight-of-evidence approach using a combination of tools is often required. Previous research has focused on several predictive tools for sophisticated chemical analyses: biomimetic extraction to quantify the potentially bioaccumulative substances, 2-dimensional gas chromatography, modeling approaches to link oil composition to toxicity (PETROTOX), and whole-effluent toxicity assessments using bioassays. The present study investigated the value of these tools by comparing predicted effects to actual effects observed in stream mesocosm toxicity studies with refinery effluents. Three different effluent samples, with and without fortification by neat petroleum substances, were tested in experimental freshwater streams. The results indicate that the biological community shifted at higher exposure levels, consistent with chronic toxicity effects predicted by both modeled toxic units and potentially bioaccumulative substance measurements. The present study has demonstrated the potential of the predictive tools and the robustness of the stream mesocosm design to improve our understanding of the environmental hazards posed by refinery effluents. Environ Toxicol Chem 2019;38:650-659. © 2018 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anne Bassères
- Pôle d'études et de Recherche de Lacq, TOTAL, Lacq, France
| | | | | | | | - Pim E G Leonards
- Department of Environment and Health, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Aaron D Redman
- ExxonMobil Biomedical Sciences, Annandale, New Jersey, USA
| | - Graham F Whale
- Shell International, Shell Health Risk Science Team, Shell Centre, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mike J Spence
- Concawe, The European Oil Companies' Association for Environment, Health and Safety in Refining and Distribution, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Markus Hjort
- Concawe, The European Oil Companies' Association for Environment, Health and Safety in Refining and Distribution, Brussels, Belgium
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Yin XH, Brock TCM, Barone LE, Belgers JDM, Boerwinkel MC, Buijse L, van Wijngaarden RPA, Hamer M, Roessink I. Exposure and effects of sediment-spiked fludioxonil on macroinvertebrates and zooplankton in outdoor aquatic microcosms. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 610-611:1222-1238. [PMID: 28851143 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.08.155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2017] [Revised: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Information from effects of pesticides in sediments at an ecosystem level, to validate current and proposed risk assessment procedures, is scarce. A sediment-spiked outdoor freshwater microcosm experiment was conducted with fludioxonil (lipophilic, non-systemic fungicide) to study exposure dynamics and treatment-related responses of benthic and pelagic macroinvertebrates and zooplankton. Besides blank control and solvent control systems the experiment had six different treatment levels (1.7-614mga.s./kg dry sediment) based around the reported 28-d No Observed Effect Concentration (NOEC) for Chironomus riparius (40mga.s./kg dry sediment). Twelve systems were available per treatment of which four were sacrificed on each of days 28, 56 and 84 after microcosm construction. Fludioxonil persisted in the sediment and mean measured concentrations were 53-82% of the initial concentration after 84days. The dissipation rate increased with the treatment level. Also exposure concentrations in overlying water were long-term, with highest concentrations 28days after initiation of the experiment. Sediment-dwelling Oligochaeta and pelagic Rotifera and Cladocera showed the most pronounced treatment-related declines. The most sensitive sediment-dwelling oligochaete was Dero digitata (population NOEC 14.2mga.s./kg dry sediment). The same NOEC was calculated for the sediment-dwelling macroinvertebrate community. The most sensitive zooplankton species was the cladoceran Diaphanosoma brachyurum (NOEC of 1.6μga.s./L in overlying water corresponding to 5.0mga.s./kg dry sediment). At the two highest treatments several rotifer taxa showed a pronounced decrease, while the zooplankton community-level NOEC was 5.6μga.s./L (corresponding to 14.2mga.s./kg dry sediment). Zooplankton taxa calanoid Copepoda and Daphnia gr. longispina showed a pronounced treatment-related increase (indirect effects). Consequently, an assessment factor of 10 to the chronic laboratory NOECs of Chironomus riparius (sediment) and Daphnia magna (water) results in a regulatory acceptable concentration that is sufficiently protective for both the sediment-dwelling and pelagic organisms in the microcosms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao H Yin
- Wageningen Environmental Research (Alterra), Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands; Zhe Jiang Agriculture and Forestry University, College of Agriculture and Food Science, 88 North Road of Huan Cheng, Lin'an, Hangzhou, Zhe Jiang 311300, China
| | - Theo C M Brock
- Wageningen Environmental Research (Alterra), Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Lidia E Barone
- Wageningen Environmental Research (Alterra), Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - J Dick M Belgers
- Wageningen Environmental Research (Alterra), Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marie-Claire Boerwinkel
- Wageningen Environmental Research (Alterra), Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Laura Buijse
- Wageningen Environmental Research (Alterra), Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - René P A van Wijngaarden
- Wageningen Environmental Research (Alterra), Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Mick Hamer
- Syngenta, Jealotts Hill International Research Centre, Bracknell, Berkshire RG42 6EY, United Kingdom
| | - Ivo Roessink
- Wageningen Environmental Research (Alterra), Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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Rocha GS, Tonietto AE, Lombardi AT, Melão MDGG. Effect of copper contaminated food on the life cycle and secondary production of Daphnia laevis. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2016; 133:235-242. [PMID: 27472028 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2016.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Revised: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In aquatic environments, copper (Cu) plays important physiological roles in planktonic food chain, such as electron transfer in photosynthesis and constituting proteins that transport oxygen in some arthropods, while at higher concentrations it is toxic on these organisms and higher trophic levels. The combined effects of natural (e.g. volcanic activity) and anthropogenic sources (e.g. mining waste) contribute to the increase in copper pollution in different ecosystems and regions around the world. In the present study, we evaluated the bioaccumulation and effect of Cu on Raphidocelis subcapitata (freshwater algae), and the influence of Cu-contaminated food (algae) on Daphnia laevis (tropical cladoceran). The amount of copper accumulated in microalgae and cladoceran was quantified, and life-history parameters of D. laevis such as growth, reproduction and longevity were measured. The cell density of Cu exposed R. subcapitata declined, and cladoceran fed with contaminated food had lower longevity, production of eggs and neonates, and reduced secondary production. A concentration dependent increase in Cu accumulation was observed in the microalgae, while the opposite occurred in the animal, indicating a cellular metal regulatory mechanism in the latter. However, this regulation seems not to be sufficient to avoid metal induced damages in the cladoceran such as decreased longevity and reproduction. We conclude that diet is an important metal exposure route to this cladoceran, and the assessment of chronic contamination during the complete life cycle of cladoceran provides results that are similar to those observed in natural environments, especially when native organisms are investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giseli S Rocha
- Departamento de Hidrobiologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde (CCBS), Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), Rodovia Washington Luís, Km 235, CEP 13565-905 São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
| | - Alessandra E Tonietto
- Departamento de Botânica, CCBS, UFSCar, Rodovia Washington Luís, Km 235, CEP 13565-905 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana T Lombardi
- Departamento de Botânica, CCBS, UFSCar, Rodovia Washington Luís, Km 235, CEP 13565-905 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria da G G Melão
- Departamento de Hidrobiologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde (CCBS), Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), Rodovia Washington Luís, Km 235, CEP 13565-905 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
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Wieczorek MV, Bakanov N, Stang C, Bilancia D, Lagadic L, Bruns E, Schulz R. Reference scenarios for exposure to plant protection products and invertebrate communities in stream mesocosms. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 545-546:308-319. [PMID: 26747995 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.12.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Revised: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Higher tier aquatic risk assessment for plant protection products (PPPs) is often based on pond-like mesocosm studies in which transient and dynamic PPP exposure scenarios as observed in lotic systems are hardly achievable. Thus, the present study presents dynamic PPP exposure scenarios at different time scales under flow-through conditions as typical for streams in agricultural landscapes. The stream mesocosm setup allows testing the influence of spatial gradients of exposure over the length of themesocosms. The use of the fluorescent tracer uranine revealed the hydraulic processes generally underlying peak- and hour-scale exposure scenarios and demonstrated an optimized application technique to achieve stable day-scale exposures. Furthermore, to account for potential reactions of invertebrates to PPP exposures in streams (e.g. avoidance behavior and drift), the present study thus aimed at a comprehensive evaluation on how PPP exposure and the establishment of invertebrates can be advanced within streammesocosm testing. For both, peak- and hour-scale exposure as well as the experiments considering the establishment of invertebrates, the presented compilation of experiments was able to highlight the influence of aquatic macrophyteswithin streammesocosms. Since the field relevance of the higher tier aquatic risk assessment for PPPs relies qualitatively on the presence of potentially sensitive or vulnerable species, those species were especially considered. Thus, the establishment of aquatic invertebrates in nondosed streams was evaluated with respect to (i) the presence of different aquatic macrophytes and (ii) the duration of the pre-experimental period. The present study highlights the beneficial influence of complex-structured macrophytes and prolonged pre-experimental periods on the abundance of invertebrate taxa. Furthermore, population dynamics were evaluated statistically by simulating PPP-related declines of 30, 50 and 70%. Thereby,
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias V Wieczorek
- Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz-Landau, Fortstrasse 7, 76829 Landau, Germany.
| | - Nikita Bakanov
- Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz-Landau, Fortstrasse 7, 76829 Landau, Germany
| | - Christoph Stang
- Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz-Landau, Fortstrasse 7, 76829 Landau, Germany
| | - Daniel Bilancia
- Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz-Landau, Fortstrasse 7, 76829 Landau, Germany
| | - Laurent Lagadic
- Bayer CropScience AG, Alfred Nobel-Str. 50, 40789 Monheim, Germany
| | - Eric Bruns
- Bayer CropScience AG, Alfred Nobel-Str. 50, 40789 Monheim, Germany
| | - Ralf Schulz
- Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz-Landau, Fortstrasse 7, 76829 Landau, Germany
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Bayona Y, Roucaute M, Cailleaud K, Lagadic L, Bassères A, Caquet T. Effect of thiram and of a hydrocarbon mixture on freshwater macroinvertebrate communities in outdoor stream and pond mesocosms: I. Study design, chemicals fate and structural responses. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2015; 24:1976-1995. [PMID: 26385344 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-015-1534-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Higher-tier ecological risk assessment (ERA) in mesocosms is commonly performed in lotic or lentic experimental systems. These systems differ in their physico-chemical and hydrological properties, leading to differences in chemical fate, community characteristics and potential recovery. This raises the issue of the relevance and sensitivity of community-level endpoints in different types of mesocosms. In this study, macroinvertebrate abundance and biomass estimates were used to assess the effects of a dithiocarbamate fungicide, thiram (35 and 170 µg l(-1)), and a petroleum middle distillate (PMD; 0.01, 0.4, 2 and 20 mg l(-1)) in outdoor stream and pond mesocosms. Streams were continuously treated during 3 weeks followed by a 2-month long post-treatment period. Ponds were treated weekly for 4 weeks, followed by a 10-month long post-treatment period. Taxonomic structure of macroinvertebrate communities was characterized using the α, β and γ components of taxa richness, Shannon and Gini-Simpson indices. Computations were based either on abundance or biomass data. Results clearly highlighted that the effects of chemicals depended on the exposure regime (for thiram) and type of system (for the PMD). Causes of the differences between streams and ponds in the magnitude and nature of effects include differential sensitivity of taxa dwelling in lentic and lotic systems and the influence of hydrology (e.g., drift from upstream) and mesocosm connectivity on recovery dynamics. This study also showed complementarities in the use of both types of mesocosms to improve the characterization of chemical effects on communities in ERA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yannick Bayona
- INRA, UMR985 Écologie et Santé des Écosystèmes, Équipe Écotoxicologie et Qualité des Milieux Aquatiques, Agrocampus Ouest, 65 rue de Saint Brieuc, CS 84215, 35042, Rennes, France.
- Service Environnement, TOTAL, Pôle d'Etude et de Recherche de Lacq RN 117, BP 47, 64170, Lacq, France.
| | - Marc Roucaute
- INRA, UMR985 Écologie et Santé des Écosystèmes, Équipe Écotoxicologie et Qualité des Milieux Aquatiques, Agrocampus Ouest, 65 rue de Saint Brieuc, CS 84215, 35042, Rennes, France
| | - Kevin Cailleaud
- Service Environnement, TOTAL, Pôle d'Etude et de Recherche de Lacq RN 117, BP 47, 64170, Lacq, France
| | - Laurent Lagadic
- INRA, UMR985 Écologie et Santé des Écosystèmes, Équipe Écotoxicologie et Qualité des Milieux Aquatiques, Agrocampus Ouest, 65 rue de Saint Brieuc, CS 84215, 35042, Rennes, France
| | - Anne Bassères
- Service Environnement, TOTAL, Pôle d'Etude et de Recherche de Lacq RN 117, BP 47, 64170, Lacq, France
| | - Thierry Caquet
- INRA, UMR985 Écologie et Santé des Écosystèmes, Équipe Écotoxicologie et Qualité des Milieux Aquatiques, Agrocampus Ouest, 65 rue de Saint Brieuc, CS 84215, 35042, Rennes, France
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