1
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Wang Z, Zhang J. Genetic and epigenetic bases of long-term adverse effects of childhood cancer therapy. Nat Rev Cancer 2025; 25:129-144. [PMID: 39511414 PMCID: PMC11924961 DOI: 10.1038/s41568-024-00768-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/01/2024] [Indexed: 11/15/2024]
Abstract
Over the past decade, genome-scale molecular profiling of large childhood cancer survivorship cohorts has led to unprecedented advances in our understanding of the genetic and epigenetic bases of therapy-related adverse health outcomes in this vulnerable population. To facilitate the integration of knowledge generated from these studies into formulating next-generation precision care for survivors of childhood cancer, we summarize key findings of genetic and epigenetic association studies of long-term therapy-related adverse effects including subsequent neoplasms and cardiomyopathies among others. We also discuss therapy-related genotoxicities including clonal haematopoiesis and DNA methylation, which may underlie accelerated molecular ageing. Finally, we highlight enhanced risk prediction models for survivors of childhood cancer that incorporate both genetic factors and treatment exposures, aiming to achieve enhanced accuracy in predicting risks for this population. These new insights will hopefully inspire future studies that harness both expanding omics resources and evolving data science methodology to accelerate the translation of precision medicine for survivors of childhood cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoming Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA.
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA.
| | - Jinghui Zhang
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA.
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2
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Bertrums EJM, de Kanter JK, Derks LLM, Verheul M, Trabut L, van Roosmalen MJ, Hasle H, Antoniou E, Reinhardt D, Dworzak MN, Mühlegger N, van den Heuvel-Eibrink MM, Zwaan CM, Goemans BF, van Boxtel R. Selective pressures of platinum compounds shape the evolution of therapy-related myeloid neoplasms. Nat Commun 2024; 15:6025. [PMID: 39019934 PMCID: PMC11255340 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-50384-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Therapy-related myeloid neoplasms (t-MN) arise as a complication of chemo- and/or radiotherapy. Although t-MN can occur both in adult and childhood cancer survivors, the mechanisms driving therapy-related leukemogenesis likely vary across different ages. Chemotherapy is thought to induce driver mutations in children, whereas in adults pre-existing mutant clones are selected by the exposure. However, selective pressures induced by chemotherapy early in life are less well studied. Here, we use single-cell whole genome sequencing and phylogenetic inference to show that the founding cell of t-MN in children starts expanding after cessation of platinum exposure. In patients with Li-Fraumeni syndrome, characterized by a germline TP53 mutation, we find that the t-MN already expands during treatment, suggesting that platinum-induced growth inhibition is TP53-dependent. Our results demonstrate that germline aberrations can interact with treatment exposures in inducing t-MN, which is important for the development of more targeted, patient-specific treatment regimens and follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eline J M Bertrums
- Princess Máxima Centrum for pediatric oncology, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Department of Pediatric Oncology/Hematology, Erasmus Medical Center - Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jurrian K de Kanter
- Princess Máxima Centrum for pediatric oncology, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Lucca L M Derks
- Princess Máxima Centrum for pediatric oncology, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Mark Verheul
- Princess Máxima Centrum for pediatric oncology, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Laurianne Trabut
- Princess Máxima Centrum for pediatric oncology, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Markus J van Roosmalen
- Princess Máxima Centrum for pediatric oncology, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Henrik Hasle
- Department of Pediatrics, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Evangelia Antoniou
- Clinic of Pediatrics III, University Hospital of Essen, Essen, Germany
- AML-BFM Study Group, Essen, Germany
| | - Dirk Reinhardt
- Clinic of Pediatrics III, University Hospital of Essen, Essen, Germany
- AML-BFM Study Group, Essen, Germany
| | - Michael N Dworzak
- St. Anna Children's Cancer Research Institute, Vienna, Austria
- St. Anna Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Nora Mühlegger
- St. Anna Children's Cancer Research Institute, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - C Michel Zwaan
- Princess Máxima Centrum for pediatric oncology, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Department of Pediatric Oncology/Hematology, Erasmus Medical Center - Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Bianca F Goemans
- Princess Máxima Centrum for pediatric oncology, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Ruben van Boxtel
- Princess Máxima Centrum for pediatric oncology, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
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3
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Raimer Young HM, Hou PC, Bartosik AR, Atkin N, Wang L, Wang Z, Ratan A, Zang C, Wang YH. DNA fragility at topologically associated domain boundaries is promoted by alternative DNA secondary structure and topoisomerase II activity. Nucleic Acids Res 2024; 52:3837-3855. [PMID: 38452213 PMCID: PMC11040008 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkae164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
CCCTC-binding factor (CTCF) binding sites are hotspots of genome instability. Although many factors have been associated with CTCF binding site fragility, no study has integrated all fragility-related factors to understand the mechanism(s) of how they work together. Using an unbiased, genome-wide approach, we found that DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) are enriched at strong, but not weak, CTCF binding sites in five human cell types. Energetically favorable alternative DNA secondary structures underlie strong CTCF binding sites. These structures coincided with the location of topoisomerase II (TOP2) cleavage complex, suggesting that DNA secondary structure acts as a recognition sequence for TOP2 binding and cleavage at CTCF binding sites. Furthermore, CTCF knockdown significantly increased DSBs at strong CTCF binding sites and at CTCF sites that are located at topologically associated domain (TAD) boundaries. TAD boundary-associated CTCF sites that lost CTCF upon knockdown displayed increased DSBs when compared to the gained sites, and those lost sites are overrepresented with G-quadruplexes, suggesting that the structures act as boundary insulators in the absence of CTCF, and contribute to increased DSBs. These results model how alternative DNA secondary structures facilitate recruitment of TOP2 to CTCF binding sites, providing mechanistic insight into DNA fragility at CTCF binding sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather M Raimer Young
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908-0733, USA
| | - Pei-Chi Hou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908-0733, USA
| | - Anna R Bartosik
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908-0733, USA
| | - Naomi D Atkin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908-0733, USA
| | - Lixin Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Zhenjia Wang
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908-0717, USA
| | - Aakrosh Ratan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908-0733, USA
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908-0717, USA
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
- University of Virginia Comprehensive Cancer Center, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Chongzhi Zang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908-0733, USA
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908-0717, USA
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
- University of Virginia Comprehensive Cancer Center, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Yuh-Hwa Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908-0733, USA
- University of Virginia Comprehensive Cancer Center, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
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4
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Kosik P, Skorvaga M, Belyaev I. Preleukemic Fusion Genes Induced via Ionizing Radiation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076580. [PMID: 37047553 PMCID: PMC10095576 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the prevalence of leukemia is increasing, the agents responsible for this increase are not definitely known. While ionizing radiation (IR) was classified as a group one carcinogen by the IARC, the IR-induced cancers, including leukemia, are indistinguishable from those that are caused by other factors, so the risk estimation relies on epidemiological data. Several epidemiological studies on atomic bomb survivors and persons undergoing IR exposure during medical investigations or radiotherapy showed an association between radiation and leukemia. IR is also known to induce chromosomal translocations. Specific chromosomal translocations resulting in preleukemic fusion genes (PFGs) are generally accepted to be the first hit in the onset of many leukemias. Several studies indicated that incidence of PFGs in healthy newborns is up to 100-times higher than childhood leukemia with the same chromosomal aberrations. Because of this fact, it has been suggested that PFGs are not able to induce leukemia alone, but secondary mutations are necessary. PFGs also have to occur in specific cell populations of hematopoetic stem cells with higher leukemogenic potential. In this review, we describe the connection between IR, PFGs, and cancer, focusing on recurrent PFGs where an association with IR has been established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavol Kosik
- Department of Radiobiology, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 845 05 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Milan Skorvaga
- Department of Radiobiology, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 845 05 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Igor Belyaev
- Department of Radiobiology, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 845 05 Bratislava, Slovakia
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5
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Jahn J, Diamond B, Hsu J, Montoya S, Totiger TM, Landgren O, Maura F, Taylor J. Therapy-selected clonal hematopoiesis and its role in myeloid neoplasms. Leuk Res 2023; 126:107020. [PMID: 36696829 PMCID: PMC11305114 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2023.107020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Therapy-related myeloid neoplasms (t-MN) account for approximately 10-15% of all myeloid neoplasms and are associated with poor prognosis. Genomic characterization of t-MN to date has been limited in comparison to the considerable sequencing efforts performed for de novo myeloid neoplasms. Until recently, targeted deep sequencing (TDS) or whole exome sequencing (WES) have been the primary technologies utilized and thus limited the ability to explore the landscape of structural variants and mutational signatures. In the past decade, population-level studies have identified clonal hematopoiesis as a risk factor for the development of myeloid neoplasms. However, emerging research on clonal hematopoiesis as a risk factor for developing t-MN is evolving, and much is unknown about the progression of CH to t-MN. In this work, we will review the current knowledge of the genomic landscape of t-MN, discuss background knowledge of clonal hematopoiesis gained from studies of de novo myeloid neoplasms, and examine the recent literature studying the role of therapeutic selection of CH and its evolution under the effects of antineoplastic therapy. Finally, we will discuss the potential implications on current clinical practice and the areas of focus needed for future research into therapy-selected clonal hematopoiesis in myeloid neoplasms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Jahn
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center at the University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, United States
| | - Benjamin Diamond
- Myeloma Division, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, United States
| | - Jeffrey Hsu
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center at the University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, United States
| | - Skye Montoya
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center at the University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, United States
| | - Tulasigeri M Totiger
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center at the University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, United States
| | - Ola Landgren
- Myeloma Division, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, United States
| | - Francesco Maura
- Myeloma Division, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, United States
| | - Justin Taylor
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center at the University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, United States; Leukemia Program, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, United States.
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6
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Cowell IG, Austin CA. DNA fragility at the KMT2A/ MLL locus: insights from old and new technologies. Open Biol 2023; 13:220232. [PMID: 36629017 PMCID: PMC9832561 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.220232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The Mixed-Lineage Leukaemia (MLL/KMT2A) gene is frequently rearranged in childhood and adult acute leukaemia (AL) and in secondary leukaemias occurring after therapy with DNA topoisomerase targeting anti-cancer agents such as etoposide (t-AL). MLL/KMT2A chromosome translocation break sites in AL patients fall within an 8 kb breakpoint cluster region (BCR). Furthermore, MLL/KMT2A break sites in t-AL frequently occur in a much smaller region, or hotspot, towards the 3' end of the BCR, close to the intron 11/exon 12 boundary. These findings have prompted considerable effort to uncover mechanisms behind the apparent fragility of the BCR and particularly the t-AL hotspot. Recent genome-wide analyses have demonstrated etoposide-induced DNA cleavage within the BCR, and it is tempting to conclude that this cleavage explains the distribution of translocation break sites in t-AL. However, the t-AL hotspot and the centre of the observed preferential DNA cleavage are offset by over 250 nucleotides, suggesting additional factors contribute to the distribution of t-AL break sites. We review these recent genomic datasets along with older experimental results, analysis of TOP2 DNA cleavage site preferences and DNA secondary structure features that may lead to break site selection in t-AL MLL/KMT2A translocations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian G. Cowell
- Biosciences Institute, The Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Caroline A. Austin
- Biosciences Institute, The Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
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7
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Bertrums EJ, Rosendahl Huber AK, de Kanter JK, Brandsma AM, van Leeuwen AJ, Verheul M, van den Heuvel-Eibrink MM, Oka R, van Roosmalen MJ, de Groot-Kruseman HA, Zwaan CM, Goemans BF, van Boxtel R. Elevated Mutational Age in Blood of Children Treated for Cancer Contributes to Therapy-Related Myeloid Neoplasms. Cancer Discov 2022; 12:1860-1872. [PMID: 35678530 PMCID: PMC7613255 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-22-0120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Childhood cancer survivors are confronted with various chronic health conditions like therapy-related malignancies. However, it is unclear how exposure to chemotherapy contributes to the mutation burden and clonal composition of healthy tissues early in life. Here, we studied mutation accumulation in hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPC) before and after cancer treatment of 24 children. Of these children, 19 developed therapy-related myeloid neoplasms (t-MN). Posttreatment HSPCs had an average mutation burden increase comparable to what treatment-naïve cells accumulate during 16 years of life, with excesses up to 80 years. In most children, these additional mutations were induced by clock-like processes, which are also active during healthy aging. Other patients harbored mutations that could be directly attributed to treatments like platinum-based drugs and thiopurines. Using phylogenetic inference, we demonstrate that most t-MN in children originate after the start of treatment and that leukemic clones become dominant during or directly after chemotherapy exposure. SIGNIFICANCE Our study shows that chemotherapy increases the mutation burden of normal blood cells in cancer survivors. Only few drugs damage the DNA directly, whereas in most patients, chemotherapy-induced mutations are caused by processes similar to those present during normal aging. This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 1825.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eline J.M. Bertrums
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, the Netherlands.,Oncode Institute, Utrecht, the Netherlands.,Department of Pediatric Oncology, Erasmus Medical Center – Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Axel K.M. Rosendahl Huber
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, the Netherlands.,Oncode Institute, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Jurrian K. de Kanter
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, the Netherlands.,Oncode Institute, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Arianne M. Brandsma
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, the Netherlands.,Oncode Institute, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Anaïs J.C.N. van Leeuwen
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, the Netherlands.,Oncode Institute, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Mark Verheul
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, the Netherlands.,Oncode Institute, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | | | - Rurika Oka
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, the Netherlands.,Oncode Institute, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Markus J. van Roosmalen
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, the Netherlands.,Oncode Institute, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | | | - C. Michel Zwaan
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, the Netherlands.,Department of Pediatric Oncology, Erasmus Medical Center – Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Bianca F. Goemans
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Ruben van Boxtel
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, the Netherlands.,Oncode Institute, Utrecht, the Netherlands.,Corresponding Author: Ruben van Boxtel, Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Heidelberglaan 25, 3584 CS, Utrecht, the Netherlands. Phone: 0031 (0)889727272; E-mail:
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8
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Jin W, Chen L, Liu Y, Chen Q, Zhao M, Tan Y, Zhang W, Song H, Weng X, Mi J, Chen S, Chen Z, Li J, Wang K. A novel KMT2A-USO1 fusion gene-induced de novo secondary acute myeloid leukaemia in a patient initially diagnosed with acute promyelocytic leukaemia. Br J Haematol 2020; 192:e32-e36. [PMID: 33216970 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.17183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wen Jin
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Chen
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yabin Liu
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiusheng Chen
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ming Zhao
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yun Tan
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Huan Song
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiangqin Weng
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianqing Mi
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Saijuan Chen
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,CNRS-LIA Hematology and Cancer, Sino-French Research Center for Life Sciences and Genomics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhu Chen
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,CNRS-LIA Hematology and Cancer, Sino-French Research Center for Life Sciences and Genomics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Junmin Li
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Kankan Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,CNRS-LIA Hematology and Cancer, Sino-French Research Center for Life Sciences and Genomics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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9
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Detection of DNA Double-Strand Breaks and Chromosome Translocations Using Ligation-Mediated PCR and Inverse PCR. Methods Mol Biol 2020; 2102:271-288. [PMID: 31989561 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0223-2_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Current techniques for examining the global creation and repair of DNA double-strand breaks are restricted in their sensitivity, and such techniques mask any site-dependent variations in breakage and repair rate or fidelity. We present here a system for analyzing the fate of documented DNA breaks, using the MLL gene as an example, through application of ligation-mediated PCR. Here, a simple asymmetric double-stranded DNA adapter molecule is ligated to experimentally induced DNA breaks and subjected to seminested PCR using adapter and gene-specific primers. The rate of appearance and loss of specific PCR products allow detection of both the break and its repair. Using the additional technique of inverse PCR, the presence of misrepaired products (translocations) can be detected at the same site, providing information on the fidelity of the ligation reaction in intact cells. Such techniques may be adapted for the analysis of DNA breaks and rearrangements introduced into any identifiable genomic location. We have also applied parallel sequencing for the high-throughput analysis of inverse PCR products to facilitate the unbiased recording of all rearrangements located at a specific genomic location.
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10
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Szlachta K, Manukyan A, Raimer HM, Singh S, Salamon A, Guo W, Lobachev KS, Wang YH. Topoisomerase II contributes to DNA secondary structure-mediated double-stranded breaks. Nucleic Acids Res 2020; 48:6654-6671. [PMID: 32501506 PMCID: PMC7337936 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkaa483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA double-stranded breaks (DSBs) trigger human genome instability, therefore identifying what factors contribute to DSB induction is critical for our understanding of human disease etiology. Using an unbiased, genome-wide approach, we found that genomic regions with the ability to form highly stable DNA secondary structures are enriched for endogenous DSBs in human cells. Human genomic regions predicted to form non-B-form DNA induced gross chromosomal rearrangements in yeast and displayed high indel frequency in human genomes. The extent of instability in both analyses is in concordance with the structure forming ability of these regions. We also observed an enrichment of DNA secondary structure-prone sites overlapping transcription start sites (TSSs) and CCCTC-binding factor (CTCF) binding sites, and uncovered an increase in DSBs at highly stable DNA secondary structure regions, in response to etoposide, an inhibitor of topoisomerase II (TOP2) re-ligation activity. Importantly, we found that TOP2 deficiency in both yeast and human leads to a significant reduction in DSBs at structure-prone loci, and that sites of TOP2 cleavage have a greater ability to form highly stable DNA secondary structures. This study reveals a direct role for TOP2 in generating secondary structure-mediated DNA fragility, advancing our understanding of mechanisms underlying human genome instability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karol Szlachta
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908-0733, USA
| | - Arkadi Manukyan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908-0733, USA
| | - Heather M Raimer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908-0733, USA
| | - Sandeep Singh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908-0733, USA
| | - Anita Salamon
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908-0733, USA
| | - Wenying Guo
- School of Biological Sciences and Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Kirill S Lobachev
- School of Biological Sciences and Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Yuh-Hwa Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908-0733, USA
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11
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Atkin ND, Raimer HM, Wang YH. Broken by the Cut: A Journey into the Role of Topoisomerase II in DNA Fragility. Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:E791. [PMID: 31614754 PMCID: PMC6826763 DOI: 10.3390/genes10100791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2019] [Revised: 10/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA topoisomerase II (TOP2) plays a critical role in many processes such as replication and transcription, where it resolves DNA structures and relieves torsional stress. Recent evidence demonstrated the association of TOP2 with topologically associated domains (TAD) boundaries and CCCTC-binding factor (CTCF) binding sites. At these sites, TOP2 promotes interactions between enhancers and gene promoters, and relieves torsional stress that accumulates at these physical barriers. Interestingly, in executing its enzymatic function, TOP2 contributes to DNA fragility through re-ligation failure, which results in persistent DNA breaks when unrepaired or illegitimately repaired. Here, we discuss the biological processes for which TOP2 is required and the steps at which it can introduce DNA breaks. We describe the repair processes that follow removal of TOP2 adducts and the resultant broken DNA ends, and present how these processes can contribute to disease-associated mutations. Furthermore, we examine the involvement of TOP2-induced breaks in the formation of oncogenic translocations of leukemia and papillary thyroid cancer, as well as the role of TOP2 and proteins which repair TOP2 adducts in other diseases. The participation of TOP2 in generating persistent DNA breaks and leading to diseases such as cancer, could have an impact on disease treatment and prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi D Atkin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA.
| | - Heather M Raimer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Yuh-Hwa Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA.
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12
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Navarrete-Meneses MDP, Pérez-Vera P. Pyrethroid pesticide exposure and hematological cancer: epidemiological, biological and molecular evidence. REVIEWS ON ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH 2019; 34:197-210. [PMID: 30903760 DOI: 10.1515/reveh-2018-0070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Pyrethroid insecticides are commonly used worldwide. The chronic effects of these compounds are of concern given that epidemiological studies have suggested an association with hematological cancer, particularly in children. However, the biological evidence at molecular and cellular levels is limited. A review on the molecular and cellular effects of pyrethroids is helpful to guide the study of the biological plausibility of the association of pyrethroids with hematological cancer. We reviewed studies suggesting that pyrethroids are genotoxic, induce genetic rearrangements, alter gene expression and modify DNA. All of these biological modifications could potentially contribute to the carcinogenic process in hematopoietic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Del Pilar Navarrete-Meneses
- Cancer Genetics Laboratory, Human Genetics Department, National Pediatrics Institute, Mexico City, Mexico
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Patricia Pérez-Vera
- Cancer Genetics Laboratory, Human Genetics Department, National Pediatrics Institute, Mexico City, Mexico
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Mansell E, Zareian N, Malouf C, Kapeni C, Brown N, Badie C, Baird D, Lane J, Ottersbach K, Blair A, Case CP. DNA damage signalling from the placenta to foetal blood as a potential mechanism for childhood leukaemia initiation. Sci Rep 2019; 9:4370. [PMID: 30867444 PMCID: PMC6416312 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-39552-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
For many diseases with a foetal origin, the cause for the disease initiation remains unknown. Common childhood acute leukaemia is thought to be caused by two hits, the first in utero and the second in childhood in response to infection. The mechanism for the initial DNA damaging event are unknown. Here we have used in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo models to show that a placental barrier will respond to agents that are suspected of initiating childhood leukaemia by releasing factors that cause DNA damage in cord blood and bone marrow cells, including stem cells. We show that DNA damage caused by in utero exposure can reappear postnatally after an immune challenge. Furthermore, both foetal and postnatal DNA damage are prevented by prenatal exposure of the placenta to a mitochondrially-targeted antioxidant. We conclude that the placenta might contribute to the first hit towards leukaemia initiation by bystander-like signalling to foetal haematopoietic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Els Mansell
- School of Clinical Science, University of Bristol, Learning and Research Centre, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, UK.
| | - Nahid Zareian
- School of Clinical Science, University of Bristol, Learning and Research Centre, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, UK
| | - Camille Malouf
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, SCRM Building, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh Bioquarter 5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Chrysa Kapeni
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, SCRM Building, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh Bioquarter 5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Natalie Brown
- Cancer Mecanisms and Biomarkers, Department of Radiation Effects, Public Health England's Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards (CRCE), Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, UK
| | - Christophe Badie
- Cancer Mecanisms and Biomarkers, Department of Radiation Effects, Public Health England's Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards (CRCE), Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, UK
| | - Duncan Baird
- Division of Cancer & Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Jon Lane
- School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Katrin Ottersbach
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, SCRM Building, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh Bioquarter 5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Allison Blair
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Bristol Institute for Transfusion Sciences, NHS Blood and Transplant, Filton, UK
| | - C Patrick Case
- School of Clinical Science, University of Bristol, Learning and Research Centre, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, UK
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14
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Bariar B, Vestal CG, Deem B, Goodenow D, Ughetta M, Engledove RW, Sahyouni M, Richardson C. Bioflavonoids promote stable translocations between MLL-AF9 breakpoint cluster regions independent of normal chromosomal context: Model system to screen environmental risks. ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS 2019; 60:154-167. [PMID: 30387535 PMCID: PMC6363851 DOI: 10.1002/em.22245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Revised: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Infant acute leukemias are aggressive and characterized by rapid onset after birth. The majority harbor translocations involving the MLL gene with AF9 as one of its most common fusion partners. MLL and AF9 loci contain breakpoint cluster regions (bcrs) with sequences hypothesized to be targets of topoisomerase II inhibitors that promote translocation formation. Overlap of MLL bcr sequences associated with both infant acute leukemia and therapy-related leukemia following exposure to the topoisomerase II inhibitor etoposide led to the hypothesis that exposure during pregnancy to biochemically similar compounds may promote infant acute leukemia. We established a reporter system to systematically quantitate and stratify the potential for such compounds to promote chromosomal translocations between the MLL and AF9 bcrs analogous to those in infant leukemia. We show bioflavonoids genistein and quercetin most biochemically similar to etoposide have a strong association with MLL-AF9 bcr translocations, while kaempferol, fisetin, flavone, and myricetin have a weak but consistent association, and other compounds have a minimal association in both embryonic stem (ES) and hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) populations. The frequency of translocations induced by bioflavonoids at later stages of myelopoiesis is significantly reduced by more than one log. The MLL and AF9 bcrs are sensitive to these agents and recombinogenic independent of their native context suggesting bcr sequences themselves are drivers of illegitimate DNA repair reactions and translocations, not generation of functional oncogenic fusions. This system provides for rapid systematic screening of relative risk, dose dependence, and combinatorial impact of multitudes of dietary and environmental exposures on MLL-AF9 translocations. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 60: 154-167, 2019. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhawana Bariar
- University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Dept of Biological Sciences, 9201 University City Boulevard, Charlotte NC, 28223
| | - C. Greer Vestal
- University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Dept of Biological Sciences, 9201 University City Boulevard, Charlotte NC, 28223
| | - Bradley Deem
- University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Dept of Biological Sciences, 9201 University City Boulevard, Charlotte NC, 28223
| | - Donna Goodenow
- University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Dept of Biological Sciences, 9201 University City Boulevard, Charlotte NC, 28223
| | - Mimi Ughetta
- University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Dept of Biological Sciences, 9201 University City Boulevard, Charlotte NC, 28223
| | - R. Warren Engledove
- University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Dept of Biological Sciences, 9201 University City Boulevard, Charlotte NC, 28223
| | - Mark Sahyouni
- University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Dept of Biological Sciences, 9201 University City Boulevard, Charlotte NC, 28223
| | - Christine Richardson
- University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Dept of Biological Sciences, 9201 University City Boulevard, Charlotte NC, 28223
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15
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Navarrete-Meneses MP, Pedraza-Meléndez AI, Salas-Labadía C, Moreno-Lorenzana D, Pérez-Vera P. Low concentrations of permethrin and malathion induce numerical and structural abnormalities in KMT2A and IGH genes in vitro. J Appl Toxicol 2018; 38:1262-1270. [PMID: 29741206 DOI: 10.1002/jat.3638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Revised: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Pesticides are commonly used worldwide and almost every human is potentially exposed to these chemicals. Exposure to pesticides such as permethrin and malathion has been associated with hematological malignancies in epidemiological studies. However, biological evidence showing if these chemicals induce genetic aberrations involved in the etiology of leukemia and lymphoma is missing. In our previous work, we have shown that a single high exposure (200 μm, 24 hours) of permethrin and malathion induce damage in genes associated with hematological malignancies in peripheral blood mononuclear cells analyzed by interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). In the present study, we assessed by FISH whether exposure to low concentrations (0.1 μm, 72 hours) of permethrin and malathion induce aberrations in KMT2A and IGH genes, which are involved in the etiology of leukemia and lymphoma. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were exposed to the chemicals, and damage in these genes was assessed on interphases and metaphases. We observed that both chemicals at low concentration induced structural aberrations in KMT2A and IGH genes. A higher level of damage was observed in KMT2A gene with malathion treatment and in IGH gene with permethrin exposure. We also observed numerical aberrations induced by these chemicals. The most frequent aberrations detected on interphase FISH were also observed on metaphases. Our results show that permethrin and malathion induce genetic damage in genes associated with hematological cancer, at concentrations biologically relevant. In addition, damage was observed on dividing cells, which suggests that these cells maintain their proliferation capacity in spite of the genetic damage they possess.
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Affiliation(s)
- M P Navarrete-Meneses
- Laboratorio de Genética y Cáncer, Departamento de Genética Humana, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Ciudad de México, Mexico.,Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - A I Pedraza-Meléndez
- Laboratorio de Genética y Cáncer, Departamento de Genética Humana, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - C Salas-Labadía
- Laboratorio de Genética y Cáncer, Departamento de Genética Humana, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | | | - P Pérez-Vera
- Laboratorio de Genética y Cáncer, Departamento de Genética Humana, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Ciudad de México, Mexico
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16
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Navarrete-Meneses MP, Salas-Labadía C, Sanabrais-Jiménez M, Santana-Hernández J, Serrano-Cuevas A, Juárez-Velázquez R, Olaya-Vargas A, Pérez-Vera P. "Exposure to the insecticides permethrin and malathion induces leukemia and lymphoma-associated gene aberrations in vitro". Toxicol In Vitro 2017. [PMID: 28624474 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2017.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have associated the exposure to permethrin and malathion with increased risk of leukemia and lymphoma. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether in vitro exposure to permethrin and malathion induces aberrations in genes involved in the etiology of these hematological malignancies. Genetic abnormalities in the IGH, KMT2A (MLL), ETV6 and RUNX1 genes, and aneuploidy induced by the in vitro exposure to permethrin and malathion (200μM, 24h), were analyzed by FISH in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). The gene fusions IGH-BCL2, KMT2A-AFF1 and ETV6-RUNX1 were further analyzed with nested RT-PCR in PBMCs, and in K562 cells exposed to acute and chronic treatments (0.1μM, 24h or every third day for two weeks) of insecticides. FISH analysis revealed that permethrin induces aneuploidy and structural alterations in IGH and KMT2A genes, and malathion induces breaks in KMT2A. RT-PCR detected ETV6-RUNX1 fusion in PBMCs acutely exposed to permethrin. Permethrin also induced ETV6-RUNX1 and IGH-BCL2 fusions in K562 cells, and malathion induced KMT2A-AFF1 and ETV6-RUNX1 fusions. Overall, we identified that both insecticides induce breaks and fusions in the studied genes, and permethrin induces aneuploidy. This study presents evidence of damage in cancer genes caused by these insecticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- M P Navarrete-Meneses
- Laboratorio de Genética y Cáncer, Departamento de Genética Humana, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Insurgentes Sur 3700 Letra C. Delegación Coyoacán, CP 04530 Ciudad de México, Mexico; Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Ciudad Universitaria 3000, C.P. 04510, Coyoacán, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - C Salas-Labadía
- Laboratorio de Genética y Cáncer, Departamento de Genética Humana, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Insurgentes Sur 3700 Letra C. Delegación Coyoacán, CP 04530 Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - M Sanabrais-Jiménez
- Laboratorio de Genética y Cáncer, Departamento de Genética Humana, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Insurgentes Sur 3700 Letra C. Delegación Coyoacán, CP 04530 Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - J Santana-Hernández
- Laboratorio de Genética y Cáncer, Departamento de Genética Humana, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Insurgentes Sur 3700 Letra C. Delegación Coyoacán, CP 04530 Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - A Serrano-Cuevas
- Laboratorio de Genética y Cáncer, Departamento de Genética Humana, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Insurgentes Sur 3700 Letra C. Delegación Coyoacán, CP 04530 Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - R Juárez-Velázquez
- Laboratorio de Genética y Cáncer, Departamento de Genética Humana, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Insurgentes Sur 3700 Letra C. Delegación Coyoacán, CP 04530 Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - A Olaya-Vargas
- Unidad de Trasplante de Células Progenitoras Hematopoyéticas, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Insurgentes Sur 3700 Letra C. Delegación Coyoacán, CP 04530 Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - P Pérez-Vera
- Laboratorio de Genética y Cáncer, Departamento de Genética Humana, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Insurgentes Sur 3700 Letra C. Delegación Coyoacán, CP 04530 Ciudad de México, Mexico.
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17
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Thys RG, Lehman CE, Pierce LCT, Wang YH. Environmental and chemotherapeutic agents induce breakage at genes involved in leukemia-causing gene rearrangements in human hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells. Mutat Res 2015; 779:86-95. [PMID: 26163765 PMCID: PMC4808301 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2015.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2015] [Revised: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 06/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) give rise to all of the cells that make up the hematopoietic system in the human body, making their stability and resilience especially important. Damage to these cells can severely impact cell development and has the potential to cause diseases, such as leukemia. Leukemia-causing chromosomal rearrangements have largely been studied in the context of radiation exposure and are formed by a multi-step process, including an initial DNA breakage and fusion of the free DNA ends. However, the mechanism for DNA breakage in patients without previous radiation exposure is unclear. Here, we investigate the role of non-cytotoxic levels of environmental factors, benzene, and diethylnitrosamine (DEN), and chemotherapeutic agents, etoposide, and doxorubicin, in generating DNA breakage at the patient breakpoint hotspots of the MLL and CBFB genes in human HSPCs. These conditions represent exposure to chemicals encountered daily or residual doses from chemotherapeutic drugs. Exposure of HSPCs to non-cytotoxic levels of environmental chemicals or chemotherapeutic agents causes DNA breakage at preferential sites in the human genome, including the leukemia-related genes MLL and CBFB. Though benzene, etoposide, and doxorubicin have previously been linked to leukemia formation, this is the first study to demonstrate a role for DEN in the generation of DNA breakage at leukemia-specific sites. These chemical-induced DNA breakpoints coincide with sites of predicted topoisomerase II cleavage. The distribution of breakpoints by exposure to non-cytotoxic levels of chemicals showed a similar pattern to fusion breakpoints in leukemia patients. Our findings demonstrate that HSPCs exposed to non-cytotoxic levels of environmental chemicals and chemotherapeutic agents are prone to topoisomerase II-mediated DNA damage at the leukemia-associated genes MLL and CBFB. These data suggest a role for long-term environmental chemical or residual chemotherapeutic drug exposure in generation of DNA breakage at sites with a propensity to form leukemia-causing gene rearrangements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan G Thys
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC 27157-1016, USA.
| | - Christine E Lehman
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC 27157-1016, USA.
| | | | - Yuh-Hwa Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia, 1340 Jefferson Park Avenue, Charlottesville, VA 22908-0733, USA.
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Gole B, Wiesmüller L. Leukemogenic rearrangements at the mixed lineage leukemia gene (MLL)-multiple rather than a single mechanism. Front Cell Dev Biol 2015; 3:41. [PMID: 26161385 PMCID: PMC4479792 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2015.00041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2015] [Accepted: 06/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite manifold efforts to achieve reduced-intensity and -toxicity regimens, secondary leukemia has remained the most severe side effect of chemotherapeutic cancer treatment. Rearrangements involving a short telomeric <1 kb region of the mixed lineage leukemia (MLL) gene are the most frequently observed molecular changes in secondary as well as infant acute leukemia. Due to the mode-of-action of epipodophyllotoxins and anthracyclines, which have widely been used in cancer therapy, and support from in vitro experiments, cleavage of this MLL breakpoint cluster hotspot by poisoned topoisomerase II was proposed to trigger the molecular events leading to malignant transformation. Later on, clinical patient data and cell-based studies addressing a wider spectrum of stimuli identified cellular stress signaling pathways, which create secondary DNA structures, provide chromatin accessibility, and activate nucleases other than topoisomerase II at the MLL. The MLL destabilizing signaling pathways under discussion, namely early apoptotic DNA fragmentation, transcription stalling, and replication stalling, may all act in concert upon infection-, transplantation-, or therapy-induced cell cycle entry of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs), to permit misguided cleavage and error-prone DNA repair in the cell-of-leukemia-origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris Gole
- Division of Gynecological Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ulm University Ulm, Germany
| | - Lisa Wiesmüller
- Division of Gynecological Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ulm University Ulm, Germany
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Kamat N, Khidhir MA, Hussain S, Alashari MM, Rannug U. Chemotherapy induced microsatellite instability and loss of heterozygosity in chromosomes 2, 5, 10, and 17 in solid tumor patients. Cancer Cell Int 2014; 14:118. [PMID: 25493073 PMCID: PMC4260186 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-014-0118-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2014] [Accepted: 10/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The inevitable side effects of the currently used chemotherapy are associated with serious syndromes. Genotoxic effects and consequent genetic instability may play an important role in these syndromes. The aim of the study was to evaluate chemotherapy-related microsatellite instability (MSI), loss of heterozygosity (LOH), and loss of mismatch repair (MMR) expression in solid tumor patients. Methods Samples were collected from 117 de novo patients with solid tumors of different origins. Specimens, taken pre- and post-treatment, were screened for MSI and LOH in 10 microsatellite sequences in blood, and expression of five MMR proteins were analyzed in cancer tissues using immunohistochemistry. Statistical analysis included the use of; Fisher’s exact test, Chi Square, and an inter-rater reliability test using Cohen’s kappa coefficient. Results Microsatellite analysis showed that 66.7% of the patients had MSI, including 23.1% high-positive MSI and 43.6% low-positive MSI. A large portion (41%) of the patients exhibited LOH in addition to MSI. MSI and LOH were detected in seven loci in which incidence rates ranged from 3.8% positive for Bat-26 to 34.6% positive for Tp53-Alu. Immunohistochemistry revealed that human mutL homolog 1 (hMLH1) expression was deficient in 29.1% of the patients, whereas 18.8%, 23.9%, 13.4%, and 9.7% were deficient for human mutS homolog 2 (hMSH2), P53, human mutS homolog 6 (hMSH6) and human post-meiotic segregation increased 2 (hPMS2), respectively. There was a significant correlation between MSI and LOH incidence in Tp53-Alu, Mfd41, and APC with low or deficient expression of hMLH1, hMSH2, and P53. A significant association between MSI and LOH, and incidence of secondary tumors was also evident. Conclusions The negative correlation between MMR expression, MSI, and LOH and increased resistance to anti-cancer drugs and development of secondary cancers demonstrates a useful aid in early detection of potential chemotherapy-related side-effects. The diagnostic value demonstrated in our earlier study on breast cancer patients was confirmed for other solid tumors. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12935-014-0118-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasir Kamat
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, the Wenner-Gren Institute (MBW), Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mohammed A Khidhir
- Department of Genetics Research, Management of Natural Conservations, AlAin City, UAE
| | - Sabir Hussain
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, Tawam Hospital, AlAin City, UAE
| | - Mouied M Alashari
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112 USA
| | - Ulf Rannug
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, the Wenner-Gren Institute (MBW), Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
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Wright RL, Slemmons KK, Vaughan ATM. Estradiol induces gene proximity and MLL-MLLT3 fusion in an activation-induced cytidine deaminase-mediated pathway. Leuk Lymphoma 2014; 56:1460-5. [PMID: 25130479 DOI: 10.3109/10428194.2014.954112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological data have linked birth control formulations to an increased risk of infant acute leukemia involving MLL rearrangements. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) studies showed that 10 nM estradiol enhanced MLL transcription in addition to its common translocation partners, MLLT2 (AF4) and MLLT3 (AF9). The same concentration of estradiol triggered MLL and MLLT3 co-localization without affecting the interaction of genes located on the same chromosomes. Estradiol also stimulated the generation of MLL-MLLT3 fusion transcripts as seen by RT-PCR. RNAi knockdown of activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AICDA) suppressed the induction of MLL-MLLT3 fusion transcript formation observed with estradiol. Additionally, chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) analysis showed estradiol dependent localization of AICDA in MLL intron 11, upstream of a hotspot for both DNA cleavage and rearrangement, but not downstream within intron 12. Combined, these studies show that levels of estradiol consistent with that observed during pregnancy have the potential to initiate MLL fusions through an AICDA-mediated mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca L Wright
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California at Davis , Sacramento, CA , USA
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21
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Wright RL, Vaughan ATM. A systematic description of MLL fusion gene formation. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2014; 91:283-91. [PMID: 24787275 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2014.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2013] [Revised: 02/21/2014] [Accepted: 03/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Rearrangements of the MLL gene involve multiple partners and are implicated in both therapy related acute leukemia [tAL] and infant acute leukemia. For these diseases, recently compiled clinical data confirms an elevated frequency of such breakpoints within a 4 kb tract between exon 11 and a region of structural instability adjacent to exon 12. Linked primarily to cases of tAL, interference with topoisomerase II activity may either contribute to the initial DNA lesion directly or indirectly by, for example, providing a physical block to transcription progression. Alternatively, sites of fragmentation may be mis-repaired, guided by intergenic spliced transcripts of the participating genes. Co-transcription of MLL and potential fusion partners may provide the localization that enhances the probability of gene interaction. An indirect role for the leukemogenic activity of topoisomerase II inhibitors would imply that the negative consequences of their use may be separated from their therapeutic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca L Wright
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California at Davis, 4501 X Street, Sacramento, CA 95817, United States
| | - Andrew T M Vaughan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California at Davis, 4501 X Street, Sacramento, CA 95817, United States.
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22
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Pendleton M, Lindsey RH, Felix CA, Grimwade D, Osheroff N. Topoisomerase II and leukemia. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2014; 1310:98-110. [PMID: 24495080 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.12358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Type II topoisomerases are essential enzymes that modulate DNA under- and overwinding, knotting, and tangling. Beyond their critical physiological functions, these enzymes are the targets for some of the most widely prescribed anticancer drugs (topoisomerase II poisons) in clinical use. Topoisomerase II poisons kill cells by increasing levels of covalent enzyme-cleaved DNA complexes that are normal reaction intermediates. Drugs such as etoposide, doxorubicin, and mitoxantrone are frontline therapies for a variety of solid tumors and hematological malignancies. Unfortunately, their use also is associated with the development of specific leukemias. Regimens that include etoposide or doxorubicin are linked to the occurrence of acute myeloid leukemias that feature rearrangements at chromosomal band 11q23. Similar rearrangements are seen in infant leukemias and are associated with gestational diets that are high in naturally occurring topoisomerase II-active compounds. Finally, regimens that include mitoxantrone and epirubicin are linked to acute promyelocytic leukemias that feature t(15;17) rearrangements. The first part of this article will focus on type II topoisomerases and describe the mechanism of enzyme and drug action. The second part will discuss how topoisomerase II poisons trigger chromosomal breaks that lead to leukemia and potential approaches for dissociating the actions of drugs from their leukemogenic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryjean Pendleton
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
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Gómez-Herreros F, Romero-Granados R, Zeng Z, Álvarez-Quilón A, Quintero C, Ju L, Umans L, Vermeire L, Huylebroeck D, Caldecott KW, Cortés-Ledesma F. TDP2-dependent non-homologous end-joining protects against topoisomerase II-induced DNA breaks and genome instability in cells and in vivo. PLoS Genet 2013; 9:e1003226. [PMID: 23505375 PMCID: PMC3592926 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1003226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2012] [Accepted: 11/21/2012] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Anticancer topoisomerase "poisons" exploit the break-and-rejoining mechanism of topoisomerase II (TOP2) to generate TOP2-linked DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs). This characteristic underlies the clinical efficacy of TOP2 poisons, but is also implicated in chromosomal translocations and genome instability associated with secondary, treatment-related, haematological malignancy. Despite this relevance for cancer therapy, the mechanistic aspects governing repair of TOP2-induced DSBs and the physiological consequences that absent or aberrant repair can have are still poorly understood. To address these deficits, we employed cells and mice lacking tyrosyl DNA phosphodiesterase 2 (TDP2), an enzyme that hydrolyses 5'-phosphotyrosyl bonds at TOP2-associated DSBs, and studied their response to TOP2 poisons. Our results demonstrate that TDP2 functions in non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ) and liberates DSB termini that are competent for ligation. Moreover, we show that the absence of TDP2 in cells impairs not only the capacity to repair TOP2-induced DSBs but also the accuracy of the process, thus compromising genome integrity. Most importantly, we find this TDP2-dependent NHEJ mechanism to be physiologically relevant, as Tdp2-deleted mice are sensitive to TOP2-induced damage, displaying marked lymphoid toxicity, severe intestinal damage, and increased genome instability in the bone marrow. Collectively, our data reveal TDP2-mediated error-free NHEJ as an efficient and accurate mechanism to repair TOP2-induced DSBs. Given the widespread use of TOP2 poisons in cancer chemotherapy, this raises the possibility of TDP2 being an important etiological factor in the response of tumours to this type of agent and in the development of treatment-related malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rocío Romero-Granados
- Centro Andaluz de Biología Molecular y Medicina Regenerativa (CABIMER), CSIC–Universidad de Sevilla (Departamento de Genética), Sevilla, Spain
| | - Zhihong Zeng
- Genome Damage and Stability Centre, University of Sussex, Falmer, United Kingdom
| | - Alejandro Álvarez-Quilón
- Centro Andaluz de Biología Molecular y Medicina Regenerativa (CABIMER), CSIC–Universidad de Sevilla (Departamento de Genética), Sevilla, Spain
| | - Cristina Quintero
- Centro Andaluz de Biología Molecular y Medicina Regenerativa (CABIMER), CSIC–Universidad de Sevilla (Departamento de Genética), Sevilla, Spain
| | - Limei Ju
- Genome Damage and Stability Centre, University of Sussex, Falmer, United Kingdom
| | - Lieve Umans
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology (Celgen), Department of Development and Regeneration, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Liesbeth Vermeire
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology (Celgen), Department of Development and Regeneration, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Danny Huylebroeck
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology (Celgen), Department of Development and Regeneration, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Keith W. Caldecott
- Genome Damage and Stability Centre, University of Sussex, Falmer, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: (KWC); (FC-L)
| | - Felipe Cortés-Ledesma
- Centro Andaluz de Biología Molecular y Medicina Regenerativa (CABIMER), CSIC–Universidad de Sevilla (Departamento de Genética), Sevilla, Spain
- * E-mail: (KWC); (FC-L)
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Zinc Finger Nuclease induced DNA double stranded breaks and rearrangements in MLL. Mutat Res 2013; 740:34-42. [PMID: 23291497 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2012.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2012] [Revised: 12/14/2012] [Accepted: 12/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Radiation treatment or chemotherapy has been linked with a higher risk of secondary cancers such as therapy related Acute Myeloid Leukemia (tAML). Several of these cancers have been shown to be correlated to the introduction of double stranded breaks (DSB) and rearrangements within the Mixed Lineage Leukemia (MLL) gene. We used Zinc Finger Nucleases (ZFNs) to introduce precise cuts within MLL to examine how a single DNA DSB might lead to chromosomal rearrangements. A ZFN targeting exon 13 within the Breakpoint Cluster Region of MLL was transiently expressed in a human lymphoblast cell line originating from a CML patient. Although FISH analysis showed ZFN DSB at this region increased the rate of MLL fragmentation, we were unable to detect leukemogenic rearrangements or translocations via inverse PCR. Interestingly, gene fragmentation as well as small interstitial deletions, insertions and base substitutions increased with the inhibition of DNA-PK, suggesting repair of this particular DSB is linked to non-homologous end joining (NHEJ). Although mis-repair of DSBs may be necessary for the initiation of leukemogenic translocations, a MLL targeted DNA break alone is insufficient.
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Ussowicz M, Jaśkowiec A, Meyer C, Marschalek R, Chybicka A, Szczepański T, Haus O. A three-way translocation of MLL, MLLT11, and the novel reciprocal partner gene MYO18A in a child with acute myeloid leukemia. Cancer Genet 2012; 205:261-5. [PMID: 22682626 DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergen.2012.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2011] [Revised: 02/14/2012] [Accepted: 02/15/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Translocations of the MLL gene are common among neonates and infants with acute lymphoblastic and acute myeloid leukemias. We characterized a new three-way translocation involving MLL in an infant with acute myeloid leukemia who subsequently relapsed and underwent a hematopoietic stem cell transplant from an unrelated stem cell donor. The translocation was characterized using karyotyping and fluorescence in situ hybridization. In this patient, a complex rearrangement fused the distal part of 11q23 with 17q11.2, the distal part of 17q11.2 with 1q21, and the distal part of 1q21 with 11q23, resulting in a three-way translocation; t(1;11;17)(q21;q23;q11.2). The two reciprocal MLL fusion sites were cloned by long-distance inverse polymerase chain reaction, which led to the identification of MLL-MLLT11 and the reciprocal MYO18A-MLL fusion alleles. Both fusion genes are in-frame and can be translated into functional fusion proteins. Although the MLL-MLLT11 fusion gene has been described in the literature, the reciprocal MYO18A fusion partner is a novel candidate gene in the growing list of reciprocal MLL fusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Ussowicz
- Wrocław Medical University, Department of Pediatric BMT, Hematology and Oncology, Wrocław, Poland.
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Shih SJ, Fass J, Buffalo V, Lin D, Singh SP, Diaz MO, Vaughan AT. Multiple clonal MLL fusions in a patient receiving CHOP-based chemotherapy. Br J Haematol 2012; 159:50-7. [PMID: 22845170 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.2012.09248.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2012] [Accepted: 06/25/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
MLL rearrangements were analysed in the blood of a patient receiving chemotherapy for diffuse large B-cell lymphoma using inverse polymerase chain reaction targeting exon 12, parallel sequencing and a custom algorithm design. Of thirteen MLL rearrangements detected, five were capable of generating MLL fusion genes, including MLL-MLLT3, the most common fusion in acute myeloid leukaemia (AML). Other fusions, all previously clinically unobserved, included MLL-NKD1, a fusion to the negative regulator of Wnt/β-catenin signaling, a pathway linked to leukaemic cell proliferation. The majority of the fusions exhibited clonal persistence from before treatment until 6 months post-chemotherapy, suggesting the fusions may confer a survival advantage to the mutant clone. MLL breakpoints were partly clustered at a specific location, indicating commonality in the process of their formation. Further, the same MLL breakpoint location exhibited a 50-100-fold increase in C to T transitions, consistent with attack by activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AICDA). As is also observed in AML and acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, in this single patient setting, MLL is capable of interacting with multiple fusion partners. This finding defines a discrete site of MLL susceptibility to fragmentation, linked to possible deregulation of AICDA function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shyh-Jen Shih
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
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Mosad E, Abdou M, Zaky AH. Rearrangement of the myeloid/lymphoid leukemia gene in therapy-related myelodysplastic syndrome in patients previously treated with agents targeting DNA topoisomerase II. Oncology 2012; 83:128-34. [PMID: 22814291 DOI: 10.1159/000338769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2012] [Accepted: 04/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Therapy-related acute myeloid leukemias (t-AML), with balanced translocations affecting the 11q23 point in the myeloid/lymphoid leukemia (MLL) gene, are one of the most serious complications of treatments with topoisomerase II inhibitors. However, only a few reports of t-AML exist. We aimed to study if these translocations are cumulative-dose-dependent, their frequency in therapy-related myelodysplastic syndrome and the relationship between their presence, the type of therapy and the response criteria. METHODS This retrospective study included 120 patients with various malignancies (108 non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, 8 Hodgkin's disease and 4 neuroblastoma) in remission, being treated with topoisomerase 2 inhibitors; 74 had been diagnosed with therapy-related myelodysplasia and 46 did not have dysplasia. All bone marrow biopsy samples were evaluated by fluorescence in situ hybridization for 11q23 point breakage in the MLL gene. RESULTS MLL gene rearrangement frequency was 6% in dysplastic versus 2% in nondysplastic groups; p < 0.001. It was associated with a worse overall survival (mean 13 ± 2 vs. 39 ± 3 months, log-rank p value <0.0001). It was dose-dependent with a cut-off value of 290 mg/kg of topoisomerase II inhibitors as assessed by ROC curve (area under the curve 0.84 ± 0.05, p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS It is proposed that the MLL gene is etiopathogenetically relevant for hematological neoplasias transformation and survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman Mosad
- Department of Clinical Pathology, South Egypt Cancer Institute, Assiut, Egypt
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Fucic A, Gamulin M. Interaction between ionizing radiation and estrogen: what we are missing? Med Hypotheses 2011; 77:966-9. [PMID: 21903337 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2011.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2011] [Accepted: 08/14/2011] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Following complexity as a new approach in science of 21st century biomonitoring of biological effects caused by ionizing radiation received an option of a new dimension. Insight in biological response of mammals to ionizing radiation exposure by integration of genome, non-genome and distant organ bystander effects will significantly change evaluation of health risk and preventive measures. Impact of estrogen on carcinogenesis caused by occupational or accidental exposure to ionizing radiation additionally enables biodosimetry to recognize vulnerable subpopulations according to gender and age. Estrogen, as a potent molecule involved in number of biological pathways during development and adulthood, shows close interaction with pathological processes launched by overexposure to ionizing radiation which should be included in future research and radiation protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Fucic
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Ksaverska c 2, Croatia.
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Piwkham D, Gelfond JA, Rerkamnuaychoke B, Pakakasama S, Rebel VI, Pollock BH, Winick NJ, Collier AB, Tomlinson GE, Beuten J. Multilocus Association of Genetic Variants in MLL, CREBBP, EP300, and TOP2A with Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia in Hispanics from Texas. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2011; 20:1204-12. [DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-11-0059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Liu SV, Zneimer S, Tahbaz A, Douer D. Therapy-related acute myeloid leukemia following treatment with trabectedin for Ewing's sarcoma. Acta Haematol 2011; 126:76-8. [PMID: 21502754 DOI: 10.1159/000324936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2010] [Accepted: 02/08/2011] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen V Liu
- Jane Anne Nohl Division of Hematology and Center for the Study of Blood Diseases, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
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Singh S, Le H, Shih SJ, Ho B, Vaughan AT. Suberoylanilide hydroxyamic acid modification of chromatin architecture affects DNA break formation and repair. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2010; 76:566-73. [PMID: 20117292 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2009.08.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2009] [Revised: 08/14/2009] [Accepted: 08/17/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Chromatin-modifying compounds that inhibit the activity of histone deacetylases have shown potency as radiosensitizers, but the action of these drugs at a molecular level is not clear. Here we investigated the effect of suberoylanilide hydroxyamic acid (SAHA) on DNA breaks and their repair and induction of rearrangements. METHODS AND MATERIALS The effect of SAHA on both clonogenic survival and repair was assessed using cell lines SCC-25, MCF7, and TK6. In order to study unique DNA double-strand breaks, anti-CD95 antibody was employed to introduce a DNA double-strand break at a known location within the 11q23 region. The effects of SAHA on DNA cleavage and rearrangements were analyzed by ligation-mediated PCR and inverse PCR, respectively. RESULTS SAHA acts as radiosensitizer at 1 microM, with dose enhancement factors (DEFs) at 10% survival of: SCC-25 - 1.24 +/- 0.05; MCF7 - 1.16 +/- 0.09 and TK6 - 1.17 +/- 0.05, and it reduced the capacity of SCC-25 cells to repair radiation induced lesions. Additionally, SAHA treatment diffused site-specific fragmentation over at least 1 kbp in TK6 cells. Chromosomal rearrangements produced in TK6 cells exposed to SAHA showed a reduction in microhomology at the breakpoint between 11q23 and partner chromosomes. CONCLUSIONS SAHA shows efficacy as a radiosensitizer at clinically obtainable levels. In its presence, targeted DNA strand breaks occur over an expanded region, indicating increased chromatin access. The rejoining of such breaks is degraded by SAHA when measured as rearrangements at the molecular level and rejoining that contributes to cell survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheetal Singh
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California at Davis, 4501 X St., Sacramento, California 95817, USA
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Incidence and susceptibility to therapy-related myeloid neoplasms. Chem Biol Interact 2009; 184:39-45. [PMID: 20026017 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2009.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2009] [Revised: 12/09/2009] [Accepted: 12/11/2009] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Therapy-related myeloid neoplasms (t-MN) include acute myeloid leukemias and myelodysplastic syndromes arising in patients who have been treated with chemotherapy, radiation therapy, immunosuppressive agents or after documented exposure to environmental carcinogen. t-MN are defined according to the primary treatment and the corresponding genetic and molecular lesions. Chromosome(s) 7 and/or 5 monosomies or deletions are typical of alkylating agent-induced AML, while balanced translocations involving chromosome bands 11q23 and 21q22 are associated to preceeding therapy with DNA-topoisomerase II inhibitors. Antimetabolites, and in particular the immunosuppressive agents azathioprine and fludarabine, have also been recently associated to t-MN. Leukemias developing after benzene exposure are similar to t-MN and are characterized by chromosomal aberrations, which have been also observed among otherwise healthy benzene-exposed workers. Individual predisposing factors, including polymorphisms of detoxification and DNA-repair enzymes have been identified. Two genetic variants in key metabolizing enzymes, myeloperoxidase and NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase, have been shown to influence susceptibility to benzene hematotoxicity. Combination of polymorphisms impairing detoxification and DNA repair may significantly increase therapy-related myeloid neoplasm risk. Among hematological malignancies, long-term survivors of Hodgkin's lymphoma are exposed to an increased t-MN risk, particularly when receiving MOPP-based and escalated-BEACOPP regimens, and when alkylators are combined to radiotherapy. Patients with lymphoma are at highest risk if total body irradiation followed by autologous stem cell transplantation is used as rescue or consolidation. The addition of granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) and radiotherapy plays a significant role in t-MN following treatment of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. In solid tumors, treatment for breast cancer and germ-cell tumors has been associated with a 1-5% lifetime risk of t-MN.
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