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Yang J, Tang Q, Zeng Y. Melatonin: Potential avenue for treating iron overload disorders. Ageing Res Rev 2022; 81:101717. [PMID: 35961513 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2022.101717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Iron overload as a highly risk factor, can be found in almost all human chronic and common diseases. Iron chelators are often used to treat iron overload; however, patient adherence to these chelators is poor due to obvious side effects and other disadvantages. Numerous studies have shown that melatonin has a high iron chelation ability and direct free radical scavenging activity, and can inhibit the lipid peroxidation process caused by iron overload. Therefore, melatonin may become potential complementary therapy for iron overload-related disorders due to its iron chelating and antioxidant activities. Here, the research progress of iron overload is reviewed and the therapeutic potential of melatonin in the treatment of iron overload is analyzed. In addition, studies related to the protective effects of melatonin on oxidative damage induced by iron overload are discussed. This review provides a foundation for preventing and treating iron homeostasis disorders with melatonin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiancheng Yang
- Department of Osteoporosis, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Qinghua Tang
- Department of Osteoporosis, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yuhong Zeng
- Department of Osteoporosis, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.
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Park WR, Choi B, Kim YJ, Kim YH, Park MJ, Kim DI, Choi HS, Kim DK. Melatonin Regulates Iron Homeostasis by Inducing Hepcidin Expression in Hepatocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073593. [PMID: 35408955 PMCID: PMC8998539 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The pineal hormone, melatonin, plays important roles in circadian rhythms and energy metabolism. The hepatic peptide hormone, hepcidin, regulates iron homeostasis by triggering the degradation of ferroportin (FPN), the protein that transfers cellular iron to the blood. However, the role of melatonin in the transcriptional regulation of hepcidin is largely unknown. Here, we showed that melatonin upregulates hepcidin gene expression by enhancing the melatonin receptor 1 (MT1)-mediated c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) activation in hepatocytes. Interestingly, hepcidin gene expression was increased during the dark cycle in the liver of mice, whereas serum iron levels decreased following hepcidin expression. In addition, melatonin significantly induced hepcidin gene expression and secretion, as well as the subsequent FPN degradation in hepatocytes, which resulted in cellular iron accumulation. Melatonin-induced hepcidin expression was significantly decreased by the melatonin receptor antagonist, luzindole, and by the knockdown of MT1. Moreover, melatonin activated JNK signaling and upregulated hepcidin expression, both of which were significantly decreased by SP600125, a specific JNK inhibitor. Chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis showed that luzindole significantly blocked melatonin-induced c-Jun binding to the hepcidin promoter. Finally, melatonin induced hepcidin expression and secretion by activating the JNK-c-Jun pathway in mice, which were reversed by the luzindole treatment. These findings reveal a previously unrecognized role of melatonin in the circadian regulation of hepcidin expression and iron homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woo-Ram Park
- Department of Integrative Food, Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea; (W.-R.P.); (B.C.); (Y.-J.K.)
| | - Byungyoon Choi
- Department of Integrative Food, Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea; (W.-R.P.); (B.C.); (Y.-J.K.)
| | - Yu-Ji Kim
- Department of Integrative Food, Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea; (W.-R.P.); (B.C.); (Y.-J.K.)
| | - Yong-Hoon Kim
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Korea;
| | - Min-Jung Park
- Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea; (M.-J.P.); (D.-I.K.)
| | - Dong-Il Kim
- Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea; (M.-J.P.); (D.-I.K.)
| | - Hueng-Sik Choi
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea;
| | - Don-Kyu Kim
- Department of Integrative Food, Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea; (W.-R.P.); (B.C.); (Y.-J.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-62-530-2166; Fax: +82-62-530-2160
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Signaling within the pineal gland: A parallelism with the central nervous system. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2018; 95:151-159. [PMID: 30502386 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2018.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Revised: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The pineal gland (PG) derives from the neural tube, like the rest of the central nervous system (CNS). The PG is specialized in synthesizing and secreting melatonin in a circadian fashion. The nocturnal elevation of melatonin is a highly conserved feature among species which proves its importance in nature. Here, we review a limited set of intrinsic and extrinsic regulatory elements that have been shown or proposed to influence the PG's melatonin production, as well as pineal ontogeny and homeostasis. Intrinsic regulators include the transcription factors CREB, Pax6 and NeuroD1. In addition, microglia within the PG participate as extrinsic regulators of these functions. We further discuss how these same elements work in other parts of the CNS, and note similarities and differences to their roles in the PG. Since the PG is a relatively well-defined and highly specialized organ within the CNS, we suggest that applying this comparative approach to additional PG regulators may be a useful tool for understanding complex areas of the brain, as well as the influence of the PG in both health and disease, including circadian functions and disorders.
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Ibañez Rodriguez MP, Noctor SC, Muñoz EM. Cellular Basis of Pineal Gland Development: Emerging Role of Microglia as Phenotype Regulator. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0167063. [PMID: 27861587 PMCID: PMC5115862 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0167063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The adult pineal gland is composed of pinealocytes, astrocytes, microglia, and other interstitial cells that have been described in detail. However, factors that contribute to pineal development have not been fully elucidated, nor have pineal cell lineages been well characterized. We applied systematic double, triple and quadruple labeling of cell-specific markers on prenatal, postnatal and mature rat pineal gland tissue combined with confocal microscopy to provide a comprehensive view of the cellular dynamics and cell lineages that contribute to pineal gland development. The pineal gland begins as an evagination of neuroepithelium in the roof of the third ventricle. The pineal primordium initially consists of radially aligned Pax6+ precursor cells that express vimentin and divide at the ventricular lumen. After the tubular neuroepithelium fuses, the distribution of Pax6+ cells transitions to include rosette-like structures and later, dispersed cells. In the developing gland all dividing cells express Pax6, indicating that Pax6+ precursor cells generate pinealocytes and some interstitial cells. The density of Pax6+ cells decreases across pineal development as a result of cellular differentiation and microglial phagocytosis, but Pax6+ cells remain in the adult gland as a distinct population. Microglial colonization begins after pineal recess formation. Microglial phagocytosis of Pax6+ cells is not common at early stages but increases as microglia colonize the gland. In the postnatal gland microglia affiliate with Tuj1+ nerve fibers, IB4+ blood vessels, and Pax6+ cells. We demonstrate that microglia engulf Pax6+ cells, nerve fibers, and blood vessel-related elements, but not pinealocytes. We conclude that microglia play a role in pineal gland formation and homeostasis by regulating the precursor cell population, remodeling blood vessels and pruning sympathetic nerve fibers.
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Affiliation(s)
- María P. Ibañez Rodriguez
- Institute of Histology and Embryology of Mendoza (IHEM), National University of Cuyo, National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Stephen C. Noctor
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, MIND Institute, University of California, Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, United States of America
- * E-mail: (EMM); (SCN)
| | - Estela M. Muñoz
- Institute of Histology and Embryology of Mendoza (IHEM), National University of Cuyo, National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Mendoza, Argentina
- * E-mail: (EMM); (SCN)
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Edea Z, Dadi H, Kim SW, Park JH, Shin GH, Dessie T, Kim KS. Linkage disequilibrium and genomic scan to detect selective loci in cattle populations adapted to different ecological conditions in Ethiopia. J Anim Breed Genet 2014; 131:358-66. [DOI: 10.1111/jbg.12083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2013] [Accepted: 01/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Z. Edea
- Department of Animal Science; Chungbuk National University; Cheongju Korea
- International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI); Addis Ababa Ethiopia
| | - H. Dadi
- Department of Animal Biotechnology; Konkuk University; Seoul Korea
| | - S.-W. Kim
- Department of Animal Science; Chungbuk National University; Cheongju Korea
| | - J.-H. Park
- Codes Division; Insilicogen Inc.; Suwon Korea
| | - G.-H. Shin
- Codes Division; Insilicogen Inc.; Suwon Korea
| | - T. Dessie
- International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI); Addis Ababa Ethiopia
| | - K.-S. Kim
- Department of Animal Science; Chungbuk National University; Cheongju Korea
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Udensi UK, Tackett AJ, Byrum S, Avaritt NL, Sengupta D, Moreland LW, Tchounwou PB, Isokpehi RD. Proteomics-Based Identification of Differentially Abundant Proteins from Human Keratinocytes Exposed to Arsenic Trioxide. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 7:166-178. [PMID: 25419056 PMCID: PMC4240501 DOI: 10.4172/jpb.1000317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Arsenic is a widely distributed environmental toxicant that can cause multi-tissue pathologies. Proteomic assays allow for the identification of biological processes modulated by arsenic in diverse tissue types. Method The altered abundance of proteins from HaCaT human keratinocyte cell line exposed to arsenic was quantified using a label-free LC-MS/MS mass spectrometry workflow. Selected proteomics results were validated using western blot and RT-PCR. A functional annotation analytics strategy that included visual analytical integration of heterogeneous data sets was developed to elucidate functional categories. The annotations integrated were mainly tissue localization, biological process and gene family. Result The abundance of 173 proteins was altered in keratinocytes exposed to arsenic; in which 96 proteins had increased abundance while 77 proteins had decreased abundance. These proteins were also classified into 69 Gene Ontology biological process terms. The increased abundance of transferrin receptor protein (TFRC) was validated and also annotated to participate in response to hypoxia. A total of 33 proteins (11 increased abundance and 22 decreased abundance) were associated with 18 metabolic process terms. The Glutamate--cysteine ligase catalytic subunit (GCLC), the only protein annotated with the term sulfur amino acid metabolism process, had increased abundance while succinate dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur subunit, mitochondrial precursor (SDHB), a tumor suppressor, had decreased abundance. Conclusion A list of 173 differentially abundant proteins in response to arsenic trioxide was grouped using three major functional annotations covering tissue localization, biological process and protein families. A possible explanation for hyperpigmentation pathologies observed in arsenic toxicity is that arsenic exposure leads to increased iron uptake in the normally hypoxic human skin. The proteins mapped to metabolic process terms and differentially abundant are candidates for evaluating metabolic pathways perturbed by arsenicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Udensi K Udensi
- RCMI Center for Environmental Health, College of Science, Engineering and Technology, Jackson State University, Jackson Mississippi 39217, USA
| | - Alan J Tackett
- Proteomics Facility, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Stephanie Byrum
- Proteomics Facility, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Nathan L Avaritt
- Proteomics Facility, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Deepanwita Sengupta
- Proteomics Facility, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Linley W Moreland
- Proteomics Facility, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Paul B Tchounwou
- RCMI Center for Environmental Health, College of Science, Engineering and Technology, Jackson State University, Jackson Mississippi 39217, USA
| | - Raphael D Isokpehi
- RCMI Center for Environmental Health, College of Science, Engineering and Technology, Jackson State University, Jackson Mississippi 39217, USA ; Department of Biology, School of Science, Engineering and Mathematics, Bethune-Cookman University, Daytona Beach FL 32114, USA
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Melatonin Antioxidative Defense: Therapeutical Implications for Aging and Neurodegenerative Processes. Neurotox Res 2012; 23:267-300. [DOI: 10.1007/s12640-012-9337-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2012] [Revised: 06/12/2012] [Accepted: 06/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Abstract
This study investigated the potential of melatonin in ameliorating hypoxic damage to the periventricular white matter (PWM) in the neonatal brain. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), nitric oxide (NO), glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) content in the PWM of 1-day-old rats subjected to hypoxia for a period of 2 hr was examined. Vascular endothelial growth factor, NO and MDA concentration was increased whereas that of GSH was reduced after the hypoxic exposure. Additionally, degenerating axons, apoptotic and necrotic cells and vacuolation of capillary endothelial cells were observed in the PWM. The neighboring ependymal and choroid plexus cells also appeared to undergo structural alterations. Increased vascular permeability in the PWM of hypoxic rats was evidenced by the leakage of rhodamine isothiocyanate (RhIC) which was taken up by the amoeboid microglial cells. In vitro experiments showed increased apoptosis in OLN-93 cells, an oligodendrocytic cell line, following hypoxic exposure. Hypoxic rats treated with melatonin showed reduced VEGF, NO and MDA concentrations, increased GSH content and reduced RhIC leakage in the PWM. The ultrastructure of axons, endothelial, ependymal and choroid plexus epithelial cells appeared relatively normal in the hypoxic animals treated with melatonin. The incidence of apoptotic OLN-93 cells was also reduced with melatonin treatment. We suggest that the protective effects of melatonin on various parameters in the PWM of hypoxic neonatal brains were due to its antioxidant properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Kaur
- Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - V Sivakumar
- Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - E A Ling
- Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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Sivakumar V, Ling EA, Lu J, Kaur C. Role of glutamate and its receptors and insulin-like growth factors in hypoxia induced periventricular white matter injury. Glia 2009; 58:507-23. [DOI: 10.1002/glia.20940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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