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Súkeníková L, Mallone A, Schreiner B, Ripellino P, Nilsson J, Stoffel M, Ulbrich SE, Sallusto F, Latorre D. Autoreactive T cells target peripheral nerves in Guillain-Barré syndrome. Nature 2024; 626:160-168. [PMID: 38233524 PMCID: PMC10830418 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06916-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is a rare heterogenous disorder of the peripheral nervous system, which is usually triggered by a preceding infection, and causes a potentially life-threatening progressive muscle weakness1. Although GBS is considered an autoimmune disease, the mechanisms that underlie its distinct clinical subtypes remain largely unknown. Here, by combining in vitro T cell screening, single-cell RNA sequencing and T cell receptor (TCR) sequencing, we identify autoreactive memory CD4+ cells, that show a cytotoxic T helper 1 (TH1)-like phenotype, and rare CD8+ T cells that target myelin antigens of the peripheral nerves in patients with the demyelinating disease variant. We characterized more than 1,000 autoreactive single T cell clones, which revealed a polyclonal TCR repertoire, short CDR3β lengths, preferential HLA-DR restrictions and recognition of immunodominant epitopes. We found that autoreactive TCRβ clonotypes were expanded in the blood of the same patient at distinct disease stages and, notably, that they were shared in the blood and the cerebrospinal fluid across different patients with GBS, but not in control individuals. Finally, we identified myelin-reactive T cells in the nerve biopsy from one patient, which indicates that these cells contribute directly to disease pathophysiology. Collectively, our data provide clear evidence of autoreactive T cell immunity in a subset of patients with GBS, and open new perspectives in the field of inflammatory peripheral neuropathies, with potential impact for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Súkeníková
- Institute of Microbiology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - A Mallone
- Institute of Microbiology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - B Schreiner
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - P Ripellino
- Department of Neurology, Neurocenter of Southern Switzerland EOC, Lugano, Switzerland
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - J Nilsson
- Department of Immunology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - M Stoffel
- Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Medical Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - S E Ulbrich
- Animal Physiology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - F Sallusto
- Institute of Microbiology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - D Latorre
- Institute of Microbiology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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2
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Shelly S, Dubey D, Mills JR, Klein CJ. Paraneoplastic neuropathies and peripheral nerve hyperexcitability disorders. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2024; 200:239-273. [PMID: 38494281 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-823912-4.00020-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Peripheral neuropathy is a common referral for patients to the neurologic clinics. Paraneoplastic neuropathies account for a small but high morbidity and mortality subgroup. Symptoms include weakness, sensory loss, sweating irregularity, blood pressure instability, severe constipation, and neuropathic pain. Neuropathy is the first presenting symptom of malignancy among many patients. The molecular and cellular oncogenic immune targets reside within cell bodies, axons, cytoplasms, or surface membranes of neural tissues. A more favorable immune treatment outcome occurs in those where the targets reside on the cell surface. Patients with antibodies binding cell surface antigens commonly have neural hyperexcitability with pain, cramps, fasciculations, and hyperhidrotic attacks (CASPR2, LGI1, and others). The antigenic targets are also commonly expressed in the central nervous system, with presenting symptoms being myelopathy, encephalopathy, and seizures with neuropathy, often masked. Pain and autonomic components typically relate to small nerve fiber involvement (nociceptive, adrenergic, enteric, and sudomotor), sometimes without nerve fiber loss but rather hyperexcitability. The specific antibodies discovered help direct cancer investigations. Among the primary axonal paraneoplastic neuropathies, pathognomonic clinical features do not exist, and testing for multiple antibodies simultaneously provides the best sensitivity in testing (AGNA1-SOX1; amphiphysin; ANNA-1-HU; ANNA-3-DACH1; CASPR2; CRMP5; LGI1; PCA2-MAP1B, and others). Performing confirmatory antibody testing using adjunct methods improves specificity. Antibody-mediated demyelinating paraneoplastic neuropathies are limited to MAG-IgM (IgM-MGUS, Waldenström's, and myeloma), with the others associated with cytokine elevations (VEGF, IL6) caused by osteosclerotic myeloma, plasmacytoma (POEMS), and rarely angiofollicular lymphoma (Castleman's). Paraneoplastic disorders have clinical overlap with other idiopathic antibody disorders, including IgG4 demyelinating nodopathies (NF155 and Contactin-1). This review summarizes the paraneoplastic neuropathies, including those with peripheral nerve hyperexcitability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahar Shelly
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States; Department of Neurology, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel; Faculty of Medicine, Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Divyanshu Dubey
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - John R Mills
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Christopher J Klein
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States.
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Boahen A, Hu D, Adams MJ, Nicholls PK, Greene WK, Ma B. Bidirectional crosstalk between the peripheral nervous system and lymphoid tissues/organs. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1254054. [PMID: 37767094 PMCID: PMC10520967 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1254054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The central nervous system (CNS) influences the immune system generally by regulating the systemic concentration of humoral substances (e.g., cortisol and epinephrine), whereas the peripheral nervous system (PNS) communicates specifically with the immune system according to local interactions/connections. An imbalance between the components of the PNS might contribute to pathogenesis and the further development of certain diseases. In this review, we have explored the "thread" (hardwiring) of the connections between the immune system (e.g., primary/secondary/tertiary lymphoid tissues/organs) and PNS (e.g., sensory, sympathetic, parasympathetic, and enteric nervous systems (ENS)) in health and disease in vitro and in vivo. Neuroimmune cell units provide an anatomical and physiological basis for bidirectional crosstalk between the PNS and the immune system in peripheral tissues, including lymphoid tissues and organs. These neuroimmune interactions/modulation studies might greatly contribute to a better understanding of the mechanisms through which the PNS possibly affects cellular and humoral-mediated immune responses or vice versa in health and diseases. Physical, chemical, pharmacological, and other manipulations of these neuroimmune interactions should bring about the development of practical therapeutic applications for certain neurological, neuroimmunological, infectious, inflammatory, and immunological disorders/diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Boahen
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Seri-Kembangan, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Dailun Hu
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Murray J. Adams
- School of Medical, Molecular and Forensic Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
| | - Philip K. Nicholls
- School of Medical, Molecular and Forensic Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
| | - Wayne K. Greene
- School of Medical, Molecular and Forensic Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
| | - Bin Ma
- School of Medical, Molecular and Forensic Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
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Ubogu EE, Conner JA, Wang Y, Yadav D, Saunders TL. Development of a major histocompatibility complex class II conditional knockout mouse to study cell-specific and time-dependent adaptive immune responses in peripheral nerves. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.07.24.550421. [PMID: 37546875 PMCID: PMC10402085 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.24.550421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II professional antigen presenting cell-naïve CD4+ T cell interactions via the T-cell receptor complex are necessary for adaptive immunity. MHC class II upregulation in multiple cell types occurs in human autoimmune polyneuropathy patient biopsies, necessitating studies to ascertain cellular signaling pathways required for tissue-specific autoimmunity. Methods Cryopreserved Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) patient sural nerve biopsies and sciatic nerves from the severe murine experimental autoimmune neuritis (sm-EAN) GBS model were studied. Cultured conditional ready MHC Class II antigen A-alpha chain (H2-Aa) embryonic stem cells were used to generate H2-Aa flox/+ C57BL/6 mice. Mice were backcrossed and intercrossed to the SJL background to generate H2-Aa flox/flox SJL mice, bred with hemizygous Tamoxifen-inducible von Willebrand factor Cre recombinase (vWF-iCre/+) SJL mice to generate H2-Aa flox/flox ; vWF-iCre/+ to study microvascular endothelial cell adaptive immune responses. Sm-EAN was induced in adult female SJL Tamoxifen-treated H2-Aa flox/flox ; vWF-iCre/+ mice and H2-Aa flox/flox ; +/+ littermate controls. Neurobehavioral, electrophysiological and histopathological assessments were performed at predefined time points. Results Endoneurial endothelial cell MHC class II expression was observed in normal and inflamed human and mouse peripheral nerves. Adult female Tamoxifen-treated H2-Aa flox/flox ; vWF-iCre/+ did not develop sm-EAN despite extensive MHC class II expression in lymphoid and non-lymphoid tissues. Discussion A conditional MHC class II knockout mouse to study cell- and time-dependent adaptive immune responses in vivo is developed. Initial studies show microvascular endothelial cell MHC class II expression is necessary for peripheral nerve specific autoimmunity, as advocated by human in vitro adaptive immunity and ex vivo transplant rejection studies.
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Propionate exerts neuroprotective and neuroregenerative effects in the peripheral nervous system. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2216941120. [PMID: 36669102 PMCID: PMC9942889 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2216941120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
In inflammatory neuropathies, oxidative stress results in neuronal and Schwann cell (SC) death promoting early neurodegeneration and clinical disability. Treatment with the short-chain fatty acid propionate showed a significant immunoregulatory and neuroprotective effect in multiple sclerosis patients. Similar effects have been described for patients with chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP). Therefore, Schwann cell's survival and dorsal root ganglia (DRG) outgrowth were evaluated in vitro after propionate treatment and application of H2O2 or S-nitroso-N-acetyl-D-L-penicillamine (SNAP) to evaluate neuroprotection. In addition, DRG resistance was evaluated by the application of oxidative stress by SNAP ex vivo after in vivo propionate treatment. Propionate treatment secondary to SNAP application on DRG served as a neuroregeneration model. Histone acetylation as well as expression of the free fatty acid receptor (FFAR) 2 and 3, histone deacetylases, neuroregeneration markers, and antioxidative mediators were investigated. β-hydroxybutyrate was used as a second FFAR3 ligand, and pertussis toxin was used as an FFAR3 antagonist. FFAR3, but not FFAR2, expression was evident on SC and DRG. Propionate-mediated activation of FFAR3 and histone 3 hyperacetylation resulted in increased catalase expression and increased resistance to oxidative stress. In addition, propionate treatment resulted in enhanced neuroregeneration with concomitant growth-associated protein 43 expression. We were able to demonstrate an antioxidative and neuroregenerative effect of propionate on SC and DRG mediated by FFAR3-induced histone acetylases expression. Our results describe a pathway to achieve neuroprotection/neuroregeneration relevant for patients with immune-mediated neuropathies.
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Sher AA, Lao YT, Coombs KM. HLA-A, HSPA5, IGFBP5 and PSMA2 Are Restriction Factors for Zika Virus Growth in Astrocytic Cells. Viruses 2022; 15:97. [PMID: 36680137 PMCID: PMC9863221 DOI: 10.3390/v15010097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Zika virus (ZIKV), an arbo-flavivirus, is transmitted via Aeges aegyptii mosquitoes Following its major outbreaks in 2013, 2014 and 2016, WHO declared it a Public Health Emergency of International Concern. Symptoms of ZIKV infection include acute fever, conjunctivitis, headache, muscle & joint pain and malaise. Cases of its transmission also have been reported via perinatal, sexual and transfusion transmission. ZIKV pathologies include meningo-encephalitis and myelitis in the central nervous system (CNS) and Guillain-Barré syndrome and acute transient polyneuritis in the peripheral nervous system (PNS). Drugs like azithromycin have been tested as inhibitors of ZIKV infection but no vaccines or treatments are currently available. Astrocytes are the most abundant cells in the CNS and among the first cells in CNS infected by ZIKV; (2) Methods: We previously used SOMAScan proteomics to study ZIKV-infected astrocytic cells. Here, we use mass spectrometric analyses to further explain dysregulations in the cellular expression profile of glioblastoma astrocytoma U251 cells. We also knocked down (KD) some of the U251 cellular proteins using siRNAs and observed the impact on ZIKV replication and infectivity; (3) Results & Conclusions: The top ZIKV dysregulated cellular networks were antimicrobial response, cell death, and energy production while top dysregulated functions were antigen presentation, viral replication and cytopathic impact. Th1 and interferon signaling pathways were among the top dysregulated canonical pathways. siRNA-mediated KD of HLA-A, IGFBP5, PSMA2 and HSPA5 increased ZIKV titers and protein synthesis, indicating they are ZIKV restriction factors. ZIKV infection also restored HLA-A expression in HLA-A KD cells by 48 h post-infection, suggesting interactions between this gene product and ZIKV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Affan A. Sher
- Department of Medical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada
| | - Ying Tenny Lao
- Manitoba Centre for Proteomics & Systems Biology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P4, Canada
| | - Kevin M. Coombs
- Department of Medical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada
- Manitoba Centre for Proteomics & Systems Biology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P4, Canada
- Children’s Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P4, Canada
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7
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Berner J, Weiss T, Sorger H, Rifatbegovic F, Kauer M, Windhager R, Dohnal A, Ambros PF, Ambros IM, Boztug K, Steinberger P, Taschner‐Mandl S. Human repair-related Schwann cells adopt functions of antigen-presenting cells in vitro. Glia 2022; 70:2361-2377. [PMID: 36054432 PMCID: PMC9804420 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The plastic potential of Schwann cells (SCs) is increasingly recognized to play a role after nerve injury and in diseases of the peripheral nervous system. Reports on the interaction between immune cells and SCs indicate their involvement in inflammatory processes. However, the immunocompetence of human SCs has been primarily deduced from neuropathies, but whether after nerve injury SCs directly regulate an adaptive immune response is unknown. Here, we performed comprehensive analysis of immunomodulatory capacities of human repair-related SCs (hrSCs), which recapitulate SC response to nerve injury in vitro. We used our well-established culture model of primary hrSCs from human peripheral nerves and analyzed the transcriptome, secretome, and cell surface proteins for pathways and markers relevant in innate and adaptive immunity, performed phagocytosis assays, and monitored T-cell subset activation in allogeneic co-cultures. Our findings show that hrSCs are phagocytic, which is in line with high MHCII expression. Furthermore, hrSCs express co-regulatory proteins, such as CD40, CD80, B7H3, CD58, CD86, and HVEM, release a plethora of chemoattractants, matrix remodeling proteins and pro- as well as anti-inflammatory cytokines, and upregulate the T-cell inhibiting PD-L1 molecule upon pro-inflammatory stimulation with IFNγ. In contrast to monocytes, hrSC alone are not sufficient to trigger allogenic CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells, but limit number and activation status of exogenously activated T-cells. This study demonstrates that hrSCs possess features and functions typical for professional antigen-presenting cells in vitro, and suggest a new role of these cells as negative regulators of T-cell immunity during nerve regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Berner
- St. Anna Children's Cancer Research Institute (CCRI)ViennaAustria,St. Anna Children's HospitalViennaAustria
| | - Tamara Weiss
- St. Anna Children's Cancer Research Institute (CCRI)ViennaAustria,Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic SurgeryMedical University of Vienna
| | - Helena Sorger
- St. Anna Children's Cancer Research Institute (CCRI)ViennaAustria
| | | | - Max Kauer
- St. Anna Children's Cancer Research Institute (CCRI)ViennaAustria
| | - Reinhard Windhager
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma SurgeryMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Alexander Dohnal
- St. Anna Children's Cancer Research Institute (CCRI)ViennaAustria
| | - Peter F. Ambros
- St. Anna Children's Cancer Research Institute (CCRI)ViennaAustria
| | - Inge M. Ambros
- St. Anna Children's Cancer Research Institute (CCRI)ViennaAustria
| | - Kaan Boztug
- St. Anna Children's Cancer Research Institute (CCRI)ViennaAustria,St. Anna Children's HospitalViennaAustria,Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Rare and Undiagnosed Diseases (LBI‐RUD)ViennaAustria,Center for Molecular Medicine (CeMM)ViennaAustria
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Contreras C, Cádiz B, Schmachtenberg O. Determination of the Severity of Pulpitis by Immunohistological Analysis and Comparison with the Clinical Picture. J Endod 2022; 49:26-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2022.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Wood KL, Fonseca MIA, Gunderson KA, Nkana ZH, Israel JS, Poore SO, Dingle AM. Local Environment Induces Differential Gene Expression in Regenerating Nerves. J Surg Res 2022; 278:418-432. [PMID: 35618492 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2022.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Approximately 80% of amputations are complicated by neuromas. Methods for neuroma management include nerve translocation into bone and implantation into skeletal muscle grafts, which have also facilitated the development of regenerative neural interfaces to enable fixation of prosthetics with motor and sensory feedback. However, molecular-level differences between nerves in these environments have not been investigated. This study aimed to elucidate the physiology of regenerating nerves in different settings by assessing gene expression. MATERIALS AND METHODS New Zealand white rabbits underwent transfemoral amputation with sciatic nerve transposition into the femur or tacked to skeletal muscle. At 5 wk, ribonucleic acid (RNA) sequencing of samples of distal nerve terminating in bone or muscle and nerve of the contralateral limb (control) identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and biochemical pathways (α = 0.05). RESULTS Three samples of nerve housed in bone, four of nerve tacked to muscle, and seven naïve controls were analyzed. Relative to controls, nerve housed in bone had little within-group variation and 13,028 DEGs, and nerve tacked to muscle had dramatic within-group variation and 12,811 DEGs. These samples upregulated the following pathways: lysosome, phagosome, antigen processing/presentation, and cell adhesion molecule. Relative to nerve housed in bone, nerve tacked to muscle had 12,526 DEGs, demonstrating upregulation of pathways of B-cell receptor signaling, focal adhesion, natural killer-cell mediated cytotoxicity, leukocyte transendothelial migration, and extracellular matrix-receptor interactions. CONCLUSIONS Nerve housed in bone has a more predictable molecular profile than does nerve tacked to muscle. Thus, the intramedullary canal may provide a more reliable setting for neuroma prevention and neural interfacing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasey Leigh Wood
- Division of Plastic Surgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Marina I Adrianzen Fonseca
- Division of Plastic Surgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Kirsten A Gunderson
- Division of Plastic Surgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Zeeda H Nkana
- Division of Plastic Surgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Jacqueline S Israel
- Division of Plastic Surgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Samuel O Poore
- Division of Plastic Surgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Aaron M Dingle
- Division of Plastic Surgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin.
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Ong CEB, Cheng Y, Siddle HV, Lyons AB, Woods GM, Flies AS. Class II transactivator induces expression of MHC-I and MHC-II in transmissible Tasmanian devil facial tumours. Open Biol 2022; 12:220208. [PMID: 36259237 PMCID: PMC9579919 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.220208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
MHC-I and MHC-II molecules are critical components of antigen presentation and T cell immunity to pathogens and cancer. The two monoclonal transmissible devil facial tumours (DFT1, DFT2) exploit MHC-I pathways to overcome immunological anti-tumour and allogeneic barriers. This exploitation underpins the ongoing transmission of DFT cells across the wild Tasmanian devil population. We have previously shown that the overexpression of NLRC5 in DFT1 and DFT2 cells can regulate components of the MHC-I pathway but not MHC-II, establishing the stable upregulation of MHC-I on the cell surface. As MHC-II molecules are crucial for CD4+ T cell activation, MHC-II expression in tumour cells is beginning to gain traction in the field of immunotherapy and cancer vaccines. The overexpression of Class II transactivator in transfected DFT1 and DFT2 cells induced the transcription of several genes of the MHC-I and MHC-II pathways. This was further supported by the upregulation of MHC-I protein on DFT1 and DFT2 cells, but interestingly MHC-II protein was upregulated only in DFT1 cells. This new insight into the regulation of MHC-I and MHC-II pathways in cells that naturally overcome allogeneic barriers can inform vaccine, immunotherapy and tissue transplant strategies for human and veterinary medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chrissie E. B. Ong
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 23, Hobart, TAS 7000, Australia
| | - Yuanyuan Cheng
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Hannah V. Siddle
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK,Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - A. Bruce Lyons
- Tasmanian School of Medicine, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7005, Australia
| | - Gregory M. Woods
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 23, Hobart, TAS 7000, Australia
| | - Andrew S. Flies
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 23, Hobart, TAS 7000, Australia
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Deborde S, Wong RJ. The Role of Schwann Cells in Cancer. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2022; 6:e2200089. [PMID: 35666078 PMCID: PMC9474572 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202200089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Schwann cells (SCs) are the most abundant cell type in the nerves in the peripheral nervous system and compose a family of subtypes that are endowed with a variety of different functions. SCs facilitate the transmission of neural impulses, provide nutrients and protection for neurons, guide axons in nerve repair, and regulate immune functions. In the context of cancer, recent studies have revealed an active role of SCs in promoting cancer cell invasion, modulating immune responses, and transmitting pain sensation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvie Deborde
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- David M. Rubenstein Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Richard J Wong
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- David M. Rubenstein Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
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Mammalian Sterile 20-Like Kinase 1 Mediates Neuropathic Pain Associated with Its Effects on Regulating Mitophagy in Schwann Cells. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:3458283. [PMID: 35656021 PMCID: PMC9155917 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3458283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Myelin degradation initiated by Schwann cells (SCs) after nerve injury is connected to the induction and chronicity of neuropathic pain (NP). Mitophagy, a selective clearance of damaged mitochondria via autophagy, contributes to the maintenance of normal function in SCs. Mitochondrial function and mitophagy activity are highly modulated by mammalian ste20-like kinase1 (Mst1). However, whether Mst1 can regulate mitophagy in SCs to play a role in NP remains poorly understood. In the present study, Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to chronic constriction injury (CCI) on the sciatic nerve to induce NP. Small interfering RNA of Mst1 was applied to the injured sciatic nerve to knockdown Mst1. Behavioral tests were performed to evaluate NP, and myelin degeneration was assessed by transmission electron microscope and immunofluorescence. Autophagy and mitophagy were detected in the injured sciatic nerve and cultured SCs (RSC96 cells) by Western blot. ROS level, mitochondria membrane potential, and apoptosis were assessed in vitro via flow cytometry and Western blot. Mst1 knockdown alleviated mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia in the CCI-induced NP model and rescued myelin degeneration of the injured nerve. Meanwhile, CCI-increased levels of Parkin and p62 were reversed by Mst1 knockdown. In vitro RSC96 cells were subjected to starvation to induce mitophagy. Protein levels of mitochondrial Parkin and mitochondrial p62 significantly increased after Mst1 knockdown, while those in the cytosol diminished indicate that the translocation of Parkin and p62 from the cytosol to the mitochondria was promoted by the knockdown of Mst1. In addition, Mst1 knockdown reduced ROS level and apoptosis activity, while enhancing mitochondria membrane potential in RSC96 cells. The study showed that Mst1 knockdown alleviated CCI-induced NP, associated with enhanced Parkin recruitment to mitochondria and subsequent mitophagy degradation, thus preserving mitochondrial function and myelin integrity.
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Owen RS, Ramarathinam SH, Bailey A, Gastaldello A, Hussey K, Skipp PJ, Purcell AW, Siddle HV. The differentiation state of the Schwann cell progenitor drives phenotypic variation between two contagious cancers. PLoS Pathog 2021; 17:e1010033. [PMID: 34780568 PMCID: PMC8629380 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Contagious cancers are a rare pathogenic phenomenon in which cancer cells gain the ability to spread between genetically distinct hosts. Nine examples have been identified across marine bivalves, dogs and Tasmanian devils, but the Tasmanian devil is the only mammalian species known to have given rise to two distinct lineages of contagious cancer, termed Devil Facial Tumour 1 (DFT1) and 2 (DFT2). Remarkably, DFT1 and DFT2 arose independently from the same cell type, a Schwann cell, and while their ultra-structural features are highly similar they exhibit variation in their mutational signatures and infection dynamics. As such, DFT1 and DFT2 provide a unique framework for investigating how a common progenitor cell can give rise to distinct contagious cancers. Using a proteomics approach, we show that DFT1 and DFT2 are derived from Schwann cells in different differentiation states, with DFT2 carrying a molecular signature of a less well differentiated Schwann cell. Under inflammatory signals DFT1 and DFT2 have different gene expression profiles, most notably involving Schwann cell markers of differentiation, reflecting the influence of their distinct origins. Further, DFT2 cells express immune cell markers typically expressed during nerve repair, consistent with an ability to manipulate their extracellular environment, facilitating the cell’s ability to transmit between individuals. The emergence of two contagious cancers in the Tasmanian devil suggests that the inherent plasticity of Schwann cells confers a vulnerability to the formation of contagious cancers. Cancer can be an infectious pathogen, with nine known cases, infecting bivalves, dogs and two independent tumours circulating in the endangered Tasmanian devil. These cancers, known as Devil Facial Tumour 1 (DFT1) and Devil Facial Tumour 2 (DFT2), spread through the wild population much like parasites, moving between genetically distinct hosts during social biting behaviours and persisting in the population. As DFT1 and DFT2 are independent contagious cancers that arose from the same cell type, a Schwann cell, they provide a unique model system for studying the emergence of phenotypic variation in cancers derived from a single progenitor cell. In this study, we have shown that these two remarkably similar tumours have emerged from Schwann cells in different differentiation states. The differentiation state of the progenitor has altered the characteristics of each tumour, resulting in different responses to external signals. This work demonstrates that the cellular origin of infection can direct the phenotype of a contagious cancer and how it responds to signals from the host environment. Further, the plasticity of Schwann cells may make these cells more prone to forming contagious cancers, raising the possibility that further parasitic cancers could emerge from this cell type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel S. Owen
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Sri H. Ramarathinam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and the Infection and Immunity Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Alistair Bailey
- Centre for Cancer Immunology, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Annalisa Gastaldello
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Kathryn Hussey
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Paul J. Skipp
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony W. Purcell
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and the Infection and Immunity Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Hannah V. Siddle
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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Schwann cell plasticity regulates neuroblastic tumor cell differentiation via epidermal growth factor-like protein 8. Nat Commun 2021; 12:1624. [PMID: 33712610 PMCID: PMC7954855 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-21859-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Adult Schwann cells (SCs) possess an inherent plastic potential. This plasticity allows SCs to acquire repair-specific functions essential for peripheral nerve regeneration. Here, we investigate whether stromal SCs in benign-behaving peripheral neuroblastic tumors adopt a similar cellular state. We profile ganglioneuromas and neuroblastomas, rich and poor in SC stroma, respectively, and peripheral nerves after injury, rich in repair SCs. Indeed, stromal SCs in ganglioneuromas and repair SCs share the expression of nerve repair-associated genes. Neuroblastoma cells, derived from aggressive tumors, respond to primary repair-related SCs and their secretome with increased neuronal differentiation and reduced proliferation. Within the pool of secreted stromal and repair SC factors, we identify EGFL8, a matricellular protein with so far undescribed function, to act as neuritogen and to rewire cellular signaling by activating kinases involved in neurogenesis. In summary, we report that human SCs undergo a similar adaptive response in two patho-physiologically distinct situations, peripheral nerve injury and tumor development.
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15
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Hagen KM, Ousman SS. The Neuroimmunology of Guillain-Barré Syndrome and the Potential Role of an Aging Immune System. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 12:613628. [PMID: 33584245 PMCID: PMC7873882 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2020.613628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is a paralyzing autoimmune condition affecting the peripheral nervous system (PNS). Within GBS there are several variants affecting different aspects of the peripheral nerve. In general, there appears to be a role for T cells, macrophages, B cells, and complement in initiating and perpetuating attacks on gangliosides of Schwann cells and axons. Of note, GBS has an increased prevalence and severity with increasing age. In addition, there are alterations in immune cell functioning that may play a role in differences in GBS with age alongside general age-related declines in reparative processes (e.g., delayed de-differentiation of Schwann cells and decline in phagocytic ability of macrophages). The present review will explore the immune response in GBS as well as in animal models of several variants of the disorder. In addition, the potential involvement of an aging immune system in contributing to the increased prevalence and severity of GBS with age will be theorized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen M. Hagen
- Department of Neuroscience, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Shalina S. Ousman
- Departments of Clinical Neurosciences and Cell Biology and Anatomy, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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16
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Maalmi H, Wouters K, Savelberg HHCM, van der Velde JHPM, Reulen JPH, Mess W, Schalkwijk CG, Stehouwer CDA, Roden M, Ziegler D, Herder C, Schaper NC. Associations of cells from both innate and adaptive immunity with lower nerve conduction velocity: the Maastricht Study. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care 2021; 9:9/1/e001698. [PMID: 33431599 PMCID: PMC7802711 DOI: 10.1136/bmjdrc-2020-001698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Distal sensorimotor polyneuropathy (DSPN) is common in people with diabetes but is also found in pre-diabetes. Peripheral nerve myelin damage, which can be assessed by reduced nerve conduction velocity (NCV), is an essential feature of DSPN. Emerging evidence indicates that the development of DSPN may involve the activation of the immune system. However, available studies have mainly investigated circulating immune mediators, whereas the role of immune cells remains unclear. Therefore, we aimed to test whether leukocyte subsets are associated with NCV. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS This cross-sectional study analyzed data from 850 individuals (of whom 252 and 118 had type 2 diabetes and pre-diabetes, respectively) of the Maastricht Study. NCV was measured in the peroneal and tibial motor nerves and the sural sensory nerve and summed to calculate a standardized NCV sum score. Associations between percentages of leukocyte subsets and NCV sum scores were estimated using linear regression models adjusted for demographic, lifestyle, metabolic and clinical covariates. RESULTS After adjustment for covariates, higher percentages of basophils and CD4+ T cells were associated with lower NCV (p=0.014 and p=0.005, respectively). The percentage of CD8+ T cells was positively associated with NCV (p=0.022). These associations were not modified by glucose metabolism status (all pinteraction >0.05). No associations were found for monocytes, eosinophils, neutrophils, lymphocytes, total T cells, Treg cells and B cells. CONCLUSIONS The associations of basophils, CD4+ and CD8+ T cells with NCV suggest that cell types from both innate and adaptive immunity may be implicated in the development of DSPN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haifa Maalmi
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Partner Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Kristiaan Wouters
- Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre+ (MUMC+), Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Hans H C M Savelberg
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen H P M van der Velde
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Jos P H Reulen
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Werner Mess
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Casper G Schalkwijk
- Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre+ (MUMC+), Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Coen D A Stehouwer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre+ (MUMC+), Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Michael Roden
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Partner Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Dan Ziegler
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Partner Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Christian Herder
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Partner Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Nicolaas C Schaper
- Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre+ (MUMC+), Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht, The Netherlands
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17
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Lanigan LG, Russell DS, Woolard KD, Pardo ID, Godfrey V, Jortner BS, Butt MT, Bolon B. Comparative Pathology of the Peripheral Nervous System. Vet Pathol 2020; 58:10-33. [PMID: 33016246 DOI: 10.1177/0300985820959231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The peripheral nervous system (PNS) relays messages between the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord) and the body. Despite this critical role and widespread distribution, the PNS is often overlooked when investigating disease in diagnostic and experimental pathology. This review highlights key features of neuroanatomy and physiology of the somatic and autonomic PNS, and appropriate PNS sampling and processing techniques. The review considers major classes of PNS lesions including neuronopathy, axonopathy, and myelinopathy, and major categories of PNS disease including toxic, metabolic, and paraneoplastic neuropathies; infectious and inflammatory diseases; and neoplasms. This review describes a broad range of common PNS lesions and their diagnostic criteria and provides many useful references for pathologists who perform PNS evaluations as a regular or occasional task in their comparative pathology practice.
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18
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Weiss T, Semmler L, Millesi F, Mann A, Haertinger M, Salzmann M, Radtke C. Automated image analysis of stained cytospins to quantify Schwann cell purity and proliferation. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0233647. [PMID: 32442229 PMCID: PMC7244157 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0233647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In response to injury, adult Schwann cells (SCs) re-enter the cell cycle, change their expression profile, and exert repair functions important for wound healing and the re-growth of axons. While this phenotypical instability of SCs is essential for nerve regeneration, it has also been implicated in cancer progression and de-myelinating neuropathies. Thus, SCs became an important research tool to study the molecular mechanisms involved in repair and disease and to identify targets for therapeutic intervention. A high purity of isolated SC cultures used for experimentation must be demonstrated to exclude that novel findings are derived from a contaminating fibroblasts population. In addition, information about the SC proliferation status is an important parameter to be determined in response to different treatments. The evaluation of SC purity and proliferation, however, usually depends on the time consuming, manual assessment of immunofluorescence stainings or comes with the sacrifice of a large amount of SCs for flow cytometry analysis. We here show that rat SC culture derived cytospins stained for SC marker SOX10, proliferation marker EdU, intermediate filament vimentin and DAPI allowed the determination of SC identity and proliferation by requiring only a small number of cells. Furthermore, the CellProfiler software was used to develop an automated image analysis pipeline that quantified SCs and proliferating SCs from the obtained immunofluorescence images. By comparing the results of total cell count, SC purity and SC proliferation rate between manual counting and the CellProfiler output, we demonstrated applicability and reliability of the established pipeline. In conclusion, we here combined the cytospin technique, a multi-colour immunofluorescence staining panel, and an automated image analysis pipeline to enable the quantification of SC purity and SC proliferation from small cell aliquots. This procedure represents a solid read-out to simplify and standardize the quantification of primary SC culture purity and proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Weiss
- Research Laboratory of the Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- * E-mail:
| | - Lorenz Semmler
- Research Laboratory of the Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Flavia Millesi
- Research Laboratory of the Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Anda Mann
- Research Laboratory of the Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Maximilian Haertinger
- Research Laboratory of the Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Manuel Salzmann
- Institute of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christine Radtke
- Research Laboratory of the Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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19
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Grüter T, Blusch A, Motte J, Sgodzai M, Bachir H, Klimas R, Ambrosius B, Gold R, Ellrichmann G, Pitarokoili K. Immunomodulatory and anti-oxidative effect of the direct TRPV1 receptor agonist capsaicin on Schwann cells. J Neuroinflammation 2020; 17:145. [PMID: 32375895 PMCID: PMC7201667 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-020-01821-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Only few studies describe the impact of nutritive factors on chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP), an inflammatory disease of the peripheral nervous system. The active component of chili pepper, capsaicin, is the direct agonist of the transient receptor potential channel vanilloid subfamily member 1. Its anti-inflammatory effect in the animal model experimental autoimmune neuritis (EAN) has been previously demonstrated. Methods In the present study, we describe the anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative influence of capsaicin on Schwann cells (SCs) in an in vitro setting. Hereby, we analyze the effect of capsaicin on Schwann cells’ gene expression pattern, major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC-II) presentation, and H2O2-induced oxidative stress. Furthermore, the effect of capsaicin on myelination was examined in a SC-dorsal root ganglia (DRG) coculture by myelin basic protein staining. Finally, in order to investigate the isolated effect of capsaicin on SCs in EAN pathology, we transplant naïve and capsaicin pre-treated SCs intrathecally in EAN immunized rats and analyzed clinical presentation, electrophysiological parameters, and cytokine expression in the sciatic nerve. Results In SC monoculture, incubation with capsaicin significantly reduces interferon gamma-induced MHC-II production as well as toll-like receptor 4 and intercellular adhesion molecule 1 mRNA expression. Calcitonin gene-related peptide mRNA production is significantly upregulated after capsaicin treatment. Capsaicin reduces H2O2-induced oxidative stress in SC in a preventive, but not therapeutic setting. In a SC-DRG coculture, capsaicin does not affect myelination rate. After intrathecal transplantation of naïve and capsaicin pre-treated SCs in EAN-immunized rats, naïve, but not capsaicin pre-treated intrathecal SCs, ameliorated EAN pathology in rats. Conclusions In conclusion, we were able to demonstrate a direct immunomodulatory and anti-oxidative effect of capsaicin in a SC culture by reduced antigen presentation and expression of an anti-inflammatory profile. Furthermore, capsaicin increases the resistance of SCs against oxidative stress. A primary effect of capsaicin on myelination was not proven. These results are in concordance with previous data showing an anti-inflammatory effect of capsaicin, which might be highly relevant for CIDP patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Grüter
- Department of Neurology, St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, Gudrundstr. 56, 44791, Bochum, Germany.
| | - Alina Blusch
- Department of Neurology, St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, Gudrundstr. 56, 44791, Bochum, Germany
| | - Jeremias Motte
- Department of Neurology, St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, Gudrundstr. 56, 44791, Bochum, Germany
| | - Melissa Sgodzai
- Department of Neurology, St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, Gudrundstr. 56, 44791, Bochum, Germany
| | - Hussein Bachir
- Department of Neurology, St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, Gudrundstr. 56, 44791, Bochum, Germany
| | - Rafael Klimas
- Department of Neurology, St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, Gudrundstr. 56, 44791, Bochum, Germany
| | - Björn Ambrosius
- Department of Neurology, St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, Gudrundstr. 56, 44791, Bochum, Germany
| | - Ralf Gold
- Department of Neurology, St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, Gudrundstr. 56, 44791, Bochum, Germany
| | - Gisa Ellrichmann
- Department of Neurology, St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, Gudrundstr. 56, 44791, Bochum, Germany
| | - Kalliopi Pitarokoili
- Department of Neurology, St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, Gudrundstr. 56, 44791, Bochum, Germany
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20
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Biology of the human blood-nerve barrier in health and disease. Exp Neurol 2020; 328:113272. [PMID: 32142802 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2020.113272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Revised: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A highly regulated endoneurial microenvironment is required for normal axonal function in peripheral nerves and nerve roots, which structurally consist of an outer collagenous epineurium, inner perineurium consisting of multiple concentric layers of specialized epithelioid myofibroblasts that surround the innermost endoneurium, which consists of myelinated and unmyelinated axons embedded in a looser mesh of collagen fibers. Endoneurial homeostasis is achieved by tight junction-forming endoneurial microvessels that control ion, solute, water, nutrient, macromolecule and leukocyte influx and efflux between the bloodstream and endoneurium, and the innermost layers of the perineurium that control interstitial fluid component flux between the freely permeable epineurium and endoneurium. Strictly speaking, endoneurial microvascular endothelium should be considered the blood-nerve barrier (BNB) due to direct communication with circulating blood. The mammalian BNB is considered the second most restrictive vascular system after the blood-brain barrier (BBB) based on classic in situ permeability studies. Structural alterations in endoneurial microvessels or interactions with hematogenous leukocytes have been described in several human peripheral neuropathies; however major advances in BNB biology in health and disease have been limited over the past 50 years. Guided by transcriptome and proteome studies of normal and pathologic human peripheral nerves, purified primary and immortalized human endoneurial endothelial cells that form the BNB and leukocytes from patients with well-characterized peripheral neuropathies, validated by in situ or ex vivo protein expression studies, data are emerging on the molecular and functional characteristics of the human BNB in health and in specific peripheral neuropathies, as well as chronic neuropathic pain. These early advancements have the potential to not only increase our understanding of how the BNB works and adapts or fails to adapt to varying insult, but provide insights relevant to pathogenic leukocyte trafficking, with translational potential and specific therapeutic application for chronic peripheral neuropathies and neuropathic pain.
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21
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Jager SE, Pallesen LT, Richner M, Harley P, Hore Z, McMahon S, Denk F, Vaegter CB. Changes in the transcriptional fingerprint of satellite glial cells following peripheral nerve injury. Glia 2020; 68:1375-1395. [PMID: 32045043 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Satellite glial cells (SGCs) are homeostatic cells enveloping the somata of peripheral sensory and autonomic neurons. A wide variety of neuronal stressors trigger activation of SGCs, contributing to, for example, neuropathic pain through modulation of neuronal activity. However, compared to neurons and other glial cells of the nervous system, SGCs have received modest scientific attention and very little is known about SGC biology, possibly due to the experimental challenges associated with studying them in vivo and in vitro. Utilizing a recently developed method to obtain SGC RNA from dorsal root ganglia (DRG), we took a systematic approach to characterize the SGC transcriptional fingerprint by using next-generation sequencing and, for the first time, obtain an overview of the SGC injury response. Our RNA sequencing data are easily accessible in supporting information in Excel format. They reveal that SGCs are enriched in genes related to the immune system and cell-to-cell communication. Analysis of SGC transcriptional changes in a nerve injury-paradigm reveal a differential response at 3 days versus 14 days postinjury, suggesting dynamic modulation of SGC function over time. Significant downregulation of several genes linked to cholesterol synthesis was observed at both time points. In contrast, regulation of gene clusters linked to the immune system (MHC protein complex and leukocyte migration) was mainly observed after 14 days. Finally, we demonstrate that, after nerve injury, macrophages are in closer physical proximity to both small and large DRG neurons, and that previously reported injury-induced proliferation of SGCs may, in fact, be proliferating macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara E Jager
- Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience (DANDRITE), Nordic-EMBL Partnership for Molecular Medicine, Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark.,Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, King's College London, Guy's Campus, London, UK
| | - Lone T Pallesen
- Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience (DANDRITE), Nordic-EMBL Partnership for Molecular Medicine, Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Mette Richner
- Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience (DANDRITE), Nordic-EMBL Partnership for Molecular Medicine, Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Peter Harley
- Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, King's College London, Guy's Campus, London, UK
| | - Zoe Hore
- Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, King's College London, Guy's Campus, London, UK
| | - Stephen McMahon
- Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, King's College London, Guy's Campus, London, UK
| | - Franziska Denk
- Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, King's College London, Guy's Campus, London, UK
| | - Christian B Vaegter
- Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience (DANDRITE), Nordic-EMBL Partnership for Molecular Medicine, Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
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22
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Clark B, Carter C, Wilks DJ, Lobb M, Hughes P, Baker R, Kay SPJ. The Leeds hand transplant programme: Review of the laboratory management of the first six cases. Int J Immunogenet 2019; 47:28-33. [PMID: 31840432 DOI: 10.1111/iji.12466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The UK hand transplantation programme is hosted by the Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery at Leeds Teaching Hospitals under the leadership of Professor Simon Kay. Since programme launch in 2013, ten procedures in six individuals have been performed involving unilateral or bilateral transplants. The multi-disciplinary team that delivers the programme includes the transplant immunology service. The laboratory experience in programme support is reported here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brendan Clark
- Departments of Transplant Immunology, Leeds Teaching Hospitals, Leeds, UK
| | - Clive Carter
- Departments of Transplant Immunology, Leeds Teaching Hospitals, Leeds, UK
| | - Daniel J Wilks
- Departments of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Leeds Teaching Hospitals, Leeds, UK
| | - Mark Lobb
- Departments of Transplant Immunology, Leeds Teaching Hospitals, Leeds, UK
| | - Pamela Hughes
- Departments of Transplant Immunology, Leeds Teaching Hospitals, Leeds, UK
| | - Richard Baker
- Departments of Renal Medicine, Leeds Teaching Hospitals, Leeds, UK
| | - Simon P J Kay
- Departments of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Leeds Teaching Hospitals, Leeds, UK
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23
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Kim YH, Jang SY, Shin YK, Jo YR, Yoon BA, Nam SH, Choi BO, Shin HY, Kim SW, Kim SH, Kim JK, Park HT. Serum CXCL13 reflects local B-cell mediated inflammatory demyelinating peripheral neuropathy. Sci Rep 2019; 9:16535. [PMID: 31712675 PMCID: PMC6848485 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-52643-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune damages on the peripheral myelin sheath under pro-inflammatory milieu result in primary demyelination in inflammatory demyelinating neuropathy. Inflammatory cytokines implicating in the pathogenesis of inflammatory demyelinating neuropathy have been used for the development of potential biomarkers for the diagnosis of the diseases. In this study, we have found that macrophages, which induce demyelination, expressed a B-cell-recruiting factor CXC chemokine ligand 13 (CXCL13) in mouse and human inflammatory demyelinating nerves. The serum levels of CXCL13 were also higher in inflammatory demyelinating neuropathic patients but not in acute motor axonal neuropathy or a hereditary demyelinating neuropathy, Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 1a. In addition, CXCL13-expressing macrophages were not observed in the sciatic nerves after axonal injury, which causes the activation of innate immunity and Wallerian demyelination. Our findings indicate that the detection of serum CXCL13 will be useful to specifically recognize inflammatory demyelinating neuropathies in human.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Hee Kim
- Peripheral Neuropathy Research Center (PNRC), Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, 49201, Republic of Korea
| | - So Young Jang
- Peripheral Neuropathy Research Center (PNRC), Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, 49201, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Kyung Shin
- Peripheral Neuropathy Research Center (PNRC), Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, 49201, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Rae Jo
- Peripheral Neuropathy Research Center (PNRC), Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, 49201, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeol-A Yoon
- Peripheral Neuropathy Research Center (PNRC), Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, 49201, Republic of Korea
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, 49201, Republic of Korea
- Department of Neurology, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, 49201, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Hyun Nam
- Department of Neurology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Ok Choi
- Department of Neurology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, 06351, Republic of Korea
- Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine Institute, Samsung Medical Center, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Ha Young Shin
- Department of Neurology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03772, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Woo Kim
- Department of Neurology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03772, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Hoon Kim
- Department of Pathology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03772, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Kuk Kim
- Peripheral Neuropathy Research Center (PNRC), Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, 49201, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Neurology, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, 49201, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hwan Tae Park
- Peripheral Neuropathy Research Center (PNRC), Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, 49201, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, 49201, Republic of Korea.
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24
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Joseph J, Nathenson MJ, Trinh VA, Malik K, Nowell E, Carter K, Weathers SP, Demetri GD, Araujo D, Conley AP. Guillain-Barre syndrome observed with adoptive transfer of lymphocytes genetically engineered with an NY-ESO-1 reactive T-cell receptor. J Immunother Cancer 2019; 7:296. [PMID: 31703609 PMCID: PMC6842215 DOI: 10.1186/s40425-019-0759-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Adoptive transfer of autologous T-lymphocytes transduced with a high affinity NY-ESO-1-reactive T-cell receptor (NY-ESO-1c259 T-cells) has emerged as a promising therapeutic strategy for patients with refractory synovial sarcoma. Secondary autoimmune T-cell mediated toxicities can occur long after initial adoptive T-cell transfer. We report on the first two cases of the development and management of Guillain-Barre syndrome in synovial sarcoma patients who received NY-ESO-1c259 T-cells. Case presentation A 47 year-old woman and 39 year-old woman with refractory metastatic SS were treated with fludarabine-cyclophosphamide lymphodepletion followed by adoptive transfer of NY-ESO-1c259 T-cells. On day 42 after adoptive T-cell therapy, patient one presented to the emergency room with a one-week history of numbness, paresthesia, and heaviness to both legs progressing to difficulty walking on the day of presentation. Although MRI brain and lumbar puncture were negative, electromyography (EMG) and nerve conduction studies (NCS) of the lower extremities and right arm performed revealed an abnormal study suggestive of a very mild, distal, motor, axonal polyneuropathy. Patient two presented on day 113 with bilateral foot numbness, left foot drop, unsteady gait, and pain in the left thigh, which progressed over two week to bilateral leg weakness, inability to walk, and numbness bilaterally in the hands, legs, and feet. Both patients received intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) 0.4 g/kg/day for 5 days for possible acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (AIDP) likely related to NY-ESO-1 targeting T-cell therapy. After 3 and 5 doses, respectively, of IVIG, the patients reported improvement in symptoms and strength, and were later transferred to an inpatient rehabilitation facility to continue gaining strength. At patient one’s neurology follow-up on day 95, she reported only mild left lower extremity (LLE) weakness and was gradually successfully regaining independence in motor function. At patient two’s 9-month follow-up, the patient had regained normal function and independence. Conclusions Given the expanding applications of immunotherapy in cancer management, clinicians should stay vigilant against the potential development of unusual but life-threatening immune-mediated toxicities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jocelyn Joseph
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy Services, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Michael J Nathenson
- Center for Sarcoma and Bone Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Ave, Brighton, MA, USA
| | - Van Anh Trinh
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy Services, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Karan Malik
- Center for Sarcoma and Bone Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Ave, Brighton, MA, USA
| | - Erica Nowell
- Department of Sarcoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kristen Carter
- Department of Sarcoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Shiao-Pei Weathers
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX, USA
| | - George D Demetri
- Center for Sarcoma and Bone Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Ave, Brighton, MA, USA
| | - Dejka Araujo
- Department of Sarcoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Anthony P Conley
- Department of Sarcoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX, USA
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25
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Zhang SH, Shurin GV, Khosravi H, Kazi R, Kruglov O, Shurin MR, Bunimovich YL. Immunomodulation by Schwann cells in disease. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2019; 69:245-253. [PMID: 31676924 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-019-02424-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Schwann cells are the principal glial cells of the peripheral nervous system which maintain neuronal homeostasis. Schwann cells support peripheral nerve functions and play a critical role in many pathological processes including injury-induced nerve repair, neurodegenerative diseases, infections, neuropathic pain and cancer. Schwann cells are implicated in a wide range of diseases due, in part, to their ability to interact and modulate immune cells. We discuss the accumulating examples of how Schwann cell regulation of the immune system initiates and facilitates the progression of various diseases. Furthermore, we highlight how Schwann cells may orchestrate an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment by polarizing and modulating the activity of the dendritic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia H Zhang
- School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Galina V Shurin
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Hasan Khosravi
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, E1157 Thomas E. Starzl Biomedical Science Tower, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Rashek Kazi
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, E1157 Thomas E. Starzl Biomedical Science Tower, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Oleg Kruglov
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, E1157 Thomas E. Starzl Biomedical Science Tower, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Michael R Shurin
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Yuri L Bunimovich
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, E1157 Thomas E. Starzl Biomedical Science Tower, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.
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26
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Cotti Piccinelli S, Carella G, Frassi M, Caria F, Gallo Cassarino S, Baldelli E, Marini M, Tincani A, Padovani A, Filosto M. Human leukocyte antigens class II in CIDP spectrum neuropathies. J Neurol Sci 2019; 407:116533. [PMID: 31670164 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2019.116533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
CIDP spectrum encompasses several clinical variants and the reasons of the heterogeneous clinical expression and the variable response to therapy are scarcely known. HLA associations are common in dysimmune conditions. In CIDP, few studies reported no associations or HLA-DR13/DQ6 association in some populations but, to date, a clear confirmed association is lacking. We analyzed expression of HLA-DR and DQ haplotypes in 24 CIDP patients and 216 healthy subject. HLA-DR3 and DR3/DQ2 were significantly more frequent in CIDP patients than in the control group. The DR3 and DR3/DQ2 positive patients present with more frequent relapsing course, worse response to IVIg, higher inflammatory neuropathy sensory sumscore (ISS) and Rotterdam Inflammatory Neuropathy Cause and Treatment Scale (INCAT) than negative patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Cotti Piccinelli
- Center for Neuromuscular Diseases, Unit of Neurology, ASST "Spedali Civili" and University of Brescia, Italy
| | - Graziella Carella
- Laboratorio Istocompatibilità, Servizio di Immunoematologia e Medicina Trasfusionale SIMT, ASST "Spedali Civili", Brescia, Italy
| | - Micol Frassi
- Unit of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, ASST "Spedali Civili" and University of Brescia, Italy
| | - Filomena Caria
- Center for Neuromuscular Diseases, Unit of Neurology, ASST "Spedali Civili" and University of Brescia, Italy
| | - Serena Gallo Cassarino
- Center for Neuromuscular Diseases, Unit of Neurology, ASST "Spedali Civili" and University of Brescia, Italy
| | - Enrico Baldelli
- Center for Neuromuscular Diseases, Unit of Neurology, ASST "Spedali Civili" and University of Brescia, Italy
| | - Mirella Marini
- Laboratorio Istocompatibilità, Servizio di Immunoematologia e Medicina Trasfusionale SIMT, ASST "Spedali Civili", Brescia, Italy
| | - Angela Tincani
- Unit of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, ASST "Spedali Civili" and University of Brescia, Italy
| | - Alessandro Padovani
- Center for Neuromuscular Diseases, Unit of Neurology, ASST "Spedali Civili" and University of Brescia, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Filosto
- Center for Neuromuscular Diseases, Unit of Neurology, ASST "Spedali Civili" and University of Brescia, Italy.
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27
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Wei Z, Fei Y, Su W, Chen G. Emerging Role of Schwann Cells in Neuropathic Pain: Receptors, Glial Mediators and Myelination. Front Cell Neurosci 2019; 13:116. [PMID: 30971897 PMCID: PMC6445947 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuropathic pain caused by nerve injury or disease remains a major challenge for modern medicine worldwide. Most of the pathogenic mechanisms underlying neuropathic pain are centered on neuronal mechanisms. Accumulating evidence suggests that non-neuronal cells, especially glial cells, also play active roles in the initiation and resolution of pain. The preponderance of evidence has implicated central nervous system (CNS) glial cells, i.e., microglia and astrocytes, in the control of pain. The role of Schwann cells in neuropathic pain remains poorly understood. Schwann cells, which detect nerve injury and provide the first response, play a critical role in the development and maintenance of neuropathic pain. The cells respond to nerve injury by changing their phenotype, proliferating and interacting with nociceptive neurons by releasing glial mediators (growth factors, cytokines, chemokines, and biologically active small molecules). In addition, receptors expressed in active Schwann cells have the potential to regulate different pain conditions. In this review article, we will provide and discuss emerging evidence by integrating recent advances related to Schwann cells and neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongya Wei
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Ying Fei
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Wenfeng Su
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Gang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China.,Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
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28
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Roballo KCS, Bushman J. Evaluation of the host immune response and functional recovery in peripheral nerve autografts and allografts. Transpl Immunol 2019; 53:61-71. [PMID: 30735701 DOI: 10.1016/j.trim.2019.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Revised: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Allogeneic peripheral nerve (PN) transplants are an effective bridge for stimulating regeneration of segmental PN defects, but there are currently no detailed studies about the timeline and scope of the immunological response for PN allografting. In this study, the cellular immune response in PN allografts and autograft was studied during the acute and chronic phases of a 1.0 cm critical size defect in the rat sciatic nerve at 3, 7, 14, 28 and 98 days after grafting autologous or allogeneic nerves without any immunosuppressive treatment. The assessment was based on functional, histomorphometrical and immunohistochemical criteria. Results showed modestly better functional outcomes for autografts with coordinate and adaptive immune response represented by the presence of CD11c, CD3, CD4, NKp46 and CD8 cells at 3 days, CD45R positive cells and CD25 positive cells at seven and CD45R positive cells at 14 days which seems an adaptive immune response. In contrast, allograft in the early time points showed innate immune response instead of adaptive immune response until day 14, when there was some increase in cell-mediated immunity. In conclusion, in PN autografts the immune system is synchronic initiating with a more robust early innate response that more rapidly transitions to adaptive while for PN allografts the infiltration of immune cells is slower and more gradually progresses to a moderate adaptive response.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jared Bushman
- University of Wyoming, School of Pharmacy, Laramie, WY 82072, USA.
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29
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Allard DE, Wang Y, Li JJ, Conley B, Xu EW, Sailer D, Kimpston C, Notini R, Smith CJ, Koseoglu E, Starmer J, Zeng XL, Howard JF, Hoke A, Scherer SS, Su MA. Schwann cell-derived periostin promotes autoimmune peripheral polyneuropathy via macrophage recruitment. J Clin Invest 2018; 128:4727-4741. [PMID: 30222134 DOI: 10.1172/jci99308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP) and Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS) are inflammatory neuropathies that affect humans and are characterized by peripheral nerve myelin destruction and macrophage-containing immune infiltrates. In contrast to the traditional view that the peripheral nerve is simply the target of autoimmunity, we report here that peripheral nerve Schwann cells exacerbate the autoimmune process through extracellular matrix (ECM) protein induction. In a spontaneous autoimmune peripheral polyneuropathy (SAPP) mouse model of inflammatory neuropathy and CIDP nerve biopsies, the ECM protein periostin (POSTN) was upregulated in affected sciatic nerves and was primarily expressed by Schwann cells. Postn deficiency delayed the onset and reduced the extent of neuropathy, as well as decreased the number of macrophages infiltrating the sciatic nerve. In an in vitro assay, POSTN promoted macrophage chemotaxis in an integrin-AM (ITGAM) and ITGAV-dependent manner. The PNS-infiltrating macrophages in SAPP-affected nerves were pathogenic, since depletion of macrophages protected against the development of neuropathy. Our findings show that Schwann cells promote macrophage infiltration by upregulating Postn and suggest that POSTN is a novel target for the treatment of macrophage-associated inflammatory neuropathies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (UNC-CH), Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jian Joel Li
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Bridget Conley
- Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (UNC-CH), Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Erin W Xu
- Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (UNC-CH), Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.,Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - David Sailer
- Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (UNC-CH), Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Caellaigh Kimpston
- Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (UNC-CH), Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Rebecca Notini
- Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (UNC-CH), Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | | | - Emel Koseoglu
- Neurology Department, School of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Joshua Starmer
- Department of Genetics and 7Department of Neurology, UNC-CH, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Xiaopei L Zeng
- Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (UNC-CH), Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - James F Howard
- Department of Neurology, UNC-CH, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Ahmet Hoke
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Steven S Scherer
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Maureen A Su
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and.,Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (UNC-CH), Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.,Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
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30
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Couve E, Schmachtenberg O. Schwann Cell Responses and Plasticity in Different Dental Pulp Scenarios. Front Cell Neurosci 2018; 12:299. [PMID: 30233330 PMCID: PMC6133954 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2018.00299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian teeth have evolved as dentin units that enclose a complex system of sensory innervation to protect and preserve their structure and function. In human dental pulp (DP), mechanosensory and nociceptive fibers form a dense meshwork of nerve endings at the coronal dentin-pulp interface, which arise from myelinated and non-myelinated axons of the Raschkow plexus (RP). Schwann cells (SCs) play a crucial role in the support, maintenance and regeneration after injury of these fibers. We have recently characterized two SC phenotypes hierarchically organized within the coronal and radicular DP in human teeth. Myelinating and non-myelinating SCs (nmSCs) display a high degree of plasticity associated with nociceptive C-fiber sprouting and axonal degeneration in response to DP injuries from dentin caries or physiological root resorption (PRR). By comparative immunolabeling, confocal and electron microscopy, we have characterized short-term adaptive responses of SC phenotypes to nerve injuries, and long-term changes related to aging. An increase of SCs characterizes the early responses to caries progression in association with axonal sprouting in affected DP domains. Moreover, during PRR, the formation of bands of Büngner is observed as part of SC repair tracks functions. On the other hand, myelinated axon density is significantly reduced with tooth age, as part of a gradual decrease in DP defense and repair capacities. The remarkable plasticity and capacity of SCs to preserve DP innervation in different dental scenarios constitutes a fundamental aspect to improve clinical treatments. This review article discusses the central role of myelinating and non-mSCs in long-term tooth preservation and homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Couve
- Laboratorio de Microscopía Electrónica, Instituto de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Oliver Schmachtenberg
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencias de Valparaíso (CINV), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
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31
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Abstract
Chronic pain is a significant problem worldwide and is the most common disability in the United States. It is well known that the immune system plays a critical role in the development and maintenance of many chronic pain conditions. The involvement of the immune system can be through the release of autoantibodies, in the case of rheumatoid arthritis, or via cytokines, chemokines, and other inflammatory mediators (i.e. substance P, histamine, bradykinin, tumor necrosis factor, interleukins, and prostaglandins). Immune cells, such as T cells, B cells and their antibodies, and microglia are clearly key players in immune-related pain. The purpose of this review is to briefly discuss the immune system involvement in pain and to outline how it relates to rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, fibromyalgia, complex regional pain syndrome, multiple sclerosis, and diabetic neuropathy. The immune system plays a major role in many debilitating chronic pain conditions and we believe that animal models of disease and their treatments should be more directly focused on these interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacie K Totsch
- Department of Psychology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
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32
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Mausberg AK, Szepanowski F, Odoardi F, Flügel A, Kleinschnitz C, Stettner M, Kieseier BC. Trapped in the epineurium: early entry into the endoneurium is restricted to neuritogenic T cells in experimental autoimmune neuritis. J Neuroinflammation 2018; 15:217. [PMID: 30068351 PMCID: PMC6090976 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-018-1259-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Autoimmune polyneuropathies are acquired inflammatory disorders of the peripheral nervous system (PNS) characterized by inflammation, demyelination, and axonal degeneration. Although the pathogenesis has not been fully elucidated, T cells recognizing self-antigens are believed to initiate inflammation in a subgroup of patients. However, the route and time of T cell entry into the PNS have not yet been described in detail. In this study, we analyzed both kinetics as well as localization of retrovirally transfected green fluorescent protein (GFP)-expressing neuritogenic T lymphocytes in experimental autoimmune neuritis (EAN). Methods T lymphocytes obtained from rats following EAN induction by immunization with peripheral nerve protein peptide P255–78 were retrovirally engineered to express GFP. Non-specific T cells were negatively selected by in vitro restimulation, whereas GFP-expressing neuritogenic T cells (reactive to P255–78) were adoptively transferred into healthy rats (AT-EAN). Antigen-specific T cell tracking and localization was performed by flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry during the course of disease. Results After induction of autoimmune neuritis, P2-reactive T cells were detectable in the liver, spleen, lymph nodes, lung, peripheral blood, and the sciatic nerves with distinct kinetics. A significant number of GFP+ T cells appeared early in the lung with a peak at day four. In the peripheral nerves within the first days, GFP-negative T cells rapidly accumulated and exceeded the number of GFP-expressing cells, but did not enter the endoneurium. Very early after adoptive transfer, T cells are found in proximity to peripheral nerves and in the epineurium. However, only GFP-expressing neuritogenic T cells are able to enter the endoneurium from day five after transfer. Conclusions Our findings suggest that neuritogenic T cells invade the PNS early in the course of disease. However, neuritogenic T cells cross the blood-nerve barrier with a certain delay without preference to dorsal roots. Further understanding of the pathophysiological role of autoagressive T cells may help to improve therapeutic strategies in immune-mediated neuropathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne K Mausberg
- Department of Neurology, Research Group for Clinical and Experimental Neuroimmunology, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45147, Essen, Germany.
| | - Fabian Szepanowski
- Department of Neurology, Research Group for Clinical and Experimental Neuroimmunology, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45147, Essen, Germany
| | - Francesca Odoardi
- Department of Neuroimmunology, University Medical Centre, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Alexander Flügel
- Department of Neuroimmunology, University Medical Centre, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Christoph Kleinschnitz
- Department of Neurology, Research Group for Clinical and Experimental Neuroimmunology, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45147, Essen, Germany
| | - Mark Stettner
- Department of Neurology, Research Group for Clinical and Experimental Neuroimmunology, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45147, Essen, Germany
| | - Bernd C Kieseier
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany
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33
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Hu D, Nicholls PK, Yin C, Kelman K, Yuan Q, Greene WK, Shi Z, Ma B. Immunofluorescent Localization of Non-myelinating Schwann Cells and Their Interactions With Immune Cells in Mouse Thymus. J Histochem Cytochem 2018; 66:775-785. [PMID: 29775115 DOI: 10.1369/0022155418778543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The thymus is innervated by sympathetic/parasympathetic nerve fibers from the peripheral nervous system (PNS), suggesting a neural regulation of thymic function including T-cell development. Despite some published studies, data on the innervation and nerve-immune interaction inside the thymus remain limited. In the present study, we used immunofluorescent staining of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) coupled with confocal microscopy/three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction to reveal the distribution of non-myelinating Schwann cells (NMSC) and their interactions with immune cells inside mouse thymus. Our results demonstrate (1) the presence of an extensive network of NMSC processes in all compartments of the thymus including the capsule, subcapsular region, cortex, cortico-medullary junction, and medulla; (2) close associations/interactions of NMSC processes with blood vessels, indicating the neural control of blood flow inside the thymus; (3) the close "synapse-like" association of NMSC processes with various subsets of dendritic cells (DC; e.g., B220+ DCs, CD4+ DCs, and CD8+ DCs), and lymphocytes (B cells, CD4+/CD8+ thymocytes). Our novel findings concerning the distribution of NMSCs and the associations of NMSCs and immune cells inside mouse thymus should help us understand the anatomical basis and the mechanisms through which the PNS affects T-cell development and thymic endocrine function in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dailun Hu
- Clinical College, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Philip K Nicholls
- School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Australia
| | - Changfu Yin
- Clinical College, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Khama Kelman
- School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Australia
| | - Qionglan Yuan
- School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wayne K Greene
- School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Australia
| | - Zhongli Shi
- Clinical College, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Bin Ma
- School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Australia
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Ma B, Yin C, Hu D, Newman M, Nicholls PK, Wu Z, Greene WK, Shi Z. Distribution of non-myelinating Schwann cells and their associations with leukocytes in mouse spleen revealed by immunofluorescence staining. Eur J Histochem 2018; 62:2890. [PMID: 29943953 PMCID: PMC6038114 DOI: 10.4081/ejh.2018.2890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2017] [Revised: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The nervous system and the immune system communicate extensively with each other in order to maintain homeostasis and to regulate the immune response. The peripheral nervous system (PNS) communicates specifically with the immune system according to local interactions, including the “hardwiring” of sympathetic/parasympathetic (efferent) and sensory nerves (afferent) to lymphoid tissue and organs. To reveal this type of bidirectional neuroimmune interaction at the microscopic level, we used immunofluorescent staining of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) coupled with confocal microscopy/3D reconstruction to reveal the distribution of nonmyelinating Schwann cells (NMSCs) and their interactions with immune cells inside mouse spleen. Our results demonstrate i) the presence of an extensive network of NMSC processes in all splenic compartments including the splenic nodules, periarteriolar lymphoid sheath (PALS), marginal zone, trabecula, and red pulp; ii) the close association of NMSC processes with blood vessels (including central arteries and their branches, marginal sinuses, penicillar arterioles and splenic sinuses); iii) the close “synapse-like” interaction/association of NMSC processes with various subsets of dendritic cells (DCs; e.g., CD4+CD11c+ DCs, B220+CD11c+ DCs, and F4/80+ CD11c+ DCs), macrophages (F4/80+), and lymphocytes (B cells, CD4+ T helper cells). Our novel findings concerning the distribution of NMSCs and NMSC-leukocytes interactions inside mouse spleen should improve our understanding of the mechanisms through which the PNS affects cellular- and humoral-mediated immune responses in a variety of health conditions and infectious/non-infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Ma
- Murdoch University, School of Veterinary and Life Sciences.
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Martinez-Martinez L, Lleixà MC, Boera-Carnicero G, Cortese A, Devaux J, Siles A, Rajabally Y, Martinez-Piñeiro A, Carvajal A, Pardo J, Delmont E, Attarian S, Diaz-Manera J, Callegari I, Marchioni E, Franciotta D, Benedetti L, Lauria G, de la Calle Martin O, Juárez C, Illa I, Querol L. Anti-NF155 chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy strongly associates to HLA-DRB15. J Neuroinflammation 2017; 14:224. [PMID: 29145880 PMCID: PMC5691853 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-017-0996-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of the research is to study the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class II allele frequencies in chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP) associated with anti-neurofascin 155 (NF155) antibodies. Methods Thirteen anti-NF155+ and 35 anti-NF155 negative (anti-NF155neg) CIDP patients were included in a case-control study. The frequencies of the DRB1 HLA allele were analyzed in all patients while DQ frequencies were only studied in patients sharing the DRB1*15 allele. In silico HLA-peptide binding and NF155 antigenicity, predictions were performed to analyze overlap between presented peptides and antigenic regions. Results DRB1*15 alleles (DRB1*15:01 and DRB1*15:02) were present in 10 out of 13 anti-NF155+ CIDP patients and in only 5 out of 35 anti-NF155neg CIDP patients (77 vs 14%; OR = 20, CI = 4.035 to 99.13). DRB1*15 alleles appeared also in significantly higher proportions in anti-NF155+ CIDP than in normal population (77 vs 17%; OR = 16.9, CI = 4.434 to 57.30). Seven anti-NF155+ CIDP patients (53%) and 5 anti-NF155neg CIDP patients had the DRB1*15:01 allele (OR = 7, p = 0.009), while 3 anti-NF155+ CIDP patients and none of the anti-NF155neg CIDP patients had the DRB1*15:02 allele (OR = 23.6, p = 0.016). In silico analysis of the NF155 peptides binding to DRB1*15 alleles showed significant overlap in the peptides presented by the 15:01 and 15:02 alleles, suggesting functional homology. Conclusions DRB1*15 alleles are the first strong risk factor associated to a CIDP subset, providing additional evidence that anti-NF155+ CIDP patients constitute a differentiated disease within the CIDP syndrome. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12974-017-0996-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Martinez-Martinez
- Immunology Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ma Cinta Lleixà
- Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Mas Casanovas 90, 08041, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro para la Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras, CIBERER, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gemma Boera-Carnicero
- Immunology Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Andrea Cortese
- IRCCS Foundation C. Mondino National Neurological Institute, Pavia, Italy.,MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK
| | - Jérôme Devaux
- Centre de Recherche en Neurobiologie et Neurophysiologie de Marseille - CRN2M, UMR 7286, CNRS, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Ana Siles
- Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Mas Casanovas 90, 08041, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro para la Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras, CIBERER, Madrid, Spain
| | - Yusuf Rajabally
- Regional Neuromuscular Clinic, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University Hospitals of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Alicia Martinez-Piñeiro
- Neurology Department, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Badalona, Spain
| | | | - Julio Pardo
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Emilien Delmont
- Centre de Recherche en Neurobiologie et Neurophysiologie de Marseille - CRN2M, UMR 7286, CNRS, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France.,Referral Center for ALS and Neuromuscular Diseases, Timone University Hospital, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Shahram Attarian
- Referral Center for ALS and Neuromuscular Diseases, Timone University Hospital, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Jordi Diaz-Manera
- Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Mas Casanovas 90, 08041, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro para la Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras, CIBERER, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ilaria Callegari
- IRCCS Foundation C. Mondino National Neurological Institute, Pavia, Italy.,Neuroscience Consortium, Monza Policlinico and Pavia Mondino, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Enrico Marchioni
- IRCCS Foundation C. Mondino National Neurological Institute, Pavia, Italy
| | - Diego Franciotta
- IRCCS Foundation C. Mondino National Neurological Institute, Pavia, Italy
| | - Luana Benedetti
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genova and IRCCS AOU San Martino-IST, Genoa, Italy
| | - Guiseppe Lauria
- Neuroalgology Unit, IRCCS Foundation "Carlo Besta" Neurological Institute, Milan, Italy.,Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences "Luigi Sacco", University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Oscar de la Calle Martin
- Immunology Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cándido Juárez
- Immunology Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Isabel Illa
- Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Mas Casanovas 90, 08041, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro para la Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras, CIBERER, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Querol
- Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Mas Casanovas 90, 08041, Barcelona, Spain. .,Centro para la Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras, CIBERER, Madrid, Spain.
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Hartlehnert M, Derksen A, Hagenacker T, Kindermann D, Schäfers M, Pawlak M, Kieseier BC, Meyer Zu Horste G. Schwann cells promote post-traumatic nerve inflammation and neuropathic pain through MHC class II. Sci Rep 2017; 7:12518. [PMID: 28970572 PMCID: PMC5624882 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-12744-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The activation of T helper cells requires antigens to be exposed on the surface of antigen presenting cells (APCs) via MHC class II (MHC-II) molecules. Expression of MHC-II is generally limited to professional APCs, but other cell types can express MHC-II under inflammatory conditions. However, the importance of these conditional APCs is unknown. We and others have previously shown that Schwann cells are potentially conditional APCs, but the functional relevance of MHC-II expression by Schwann cells has not been studied in vivo. Here, we conditionally deleted the MHC-II β-chain from myelinating Schwann cells in mice and investigated how this influenced post-traumatic intraneural inflammation and neuropathic pain using the chronic constriction injury (CCI) model. We demonstrate that deletion of MHC-II in myelinating Schwann cells reduces thermal hyperalgesia and, to a lesser extent, also diminishes mechanical allodynia in CCI in female mice. This was accompanied by a reduction of intraneural CD4+ T cells and greater preservation of preferentially large-caliber axons. Activation of T helper cells by MHC-II on Schwann cells thus promotes post-traumatic axonal loss and neuropathic pain. Hence, we provide experimental evidence that Schwann cells gain antigen-presenting function in vivo and modulate local immune responses and diseases in the peripheral nerves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maike Hartlehnert
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Angelika Derksen
- Department of Neurology, Heinrich-Heine-University, Medical Faculty, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Tim Hagenacker
- Department of Neurology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - David Kindermann
- Department of Neurology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Maria Schäfers
- Department of Neurology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Mathias Pawlak
- Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bernd C Kieseier
- Department of Neurology, Heinrich-Heine-University, Medical Faculty, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Gerd Meyer Zu Horste
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany. .,Department of Neurology, Heinrich-Heine-University, Medical Faculty, Düsseldorf, Germany.
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37
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Romoli MR, Di Gennaro P, Gerlini G, Sestini S, Brandani P, Ferrone S, Borgognoni L. High Antigen Processing Machinery component expression in Langerhans cells from melanoma patients' sentinel lymph nodes. Cell Immunol 2017; 320:29-37. [PMID: 28870403 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2017.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Revised: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Langerhans cells (LCs) from melanoma patients sentinel lymph nodes (SLN) are poor T cell activators mostly due to an immature immunophenotype. However Antigen Presenting Machinery (APM) role is unknown. We investigated HLA-class I APM components (Delta, LMP-7/10, TAP-1, Calnexin, Tapasin, β2-microglobulin and HLA-A,B,C) in LCs from healthy donors skin and melanoma patients SLN. APM component levels were low in immature epidermal LCs and significantly increased after maturation (p<0.05); their levels were significantly high in SLN LCs (p<0.01). APM component expression correlated with melanoma Breslow's thickness and SLN metastases: HLA-A,B,C level was significantly lower in SLN LCs from thick lesions patients compared with those from thin/intermediate lesions (p<0.05); β2-microglobulin level was significantly higher in positive SLN LCs compared to negative ones (p<0.05). Functionally, SLN LCs did not phagocytose exogenous antigens. These findings extend LCs knowledge indicating that they are not fully impaired by melanoma, contributing to design new LCs-based therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Raffaella Romoli
- Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Unit, Regional Melanoma Referral Center and Melanoma & Skin Cancer Unit, Tuscan Tumour Institute (ITT) - S.M. Annunziata Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Paola Di Gennaro
- Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Unit, Regional Melanoma Referral Center and Melanoma & Skin Cancer Unit, Tuscan Tumour Institute (ITT) - S.M. Annunziata Hospital, Florence, Italy; Dept. Surgery and Translational Medicine, Dermatology Section, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
| | - Gianni Gerlini
- Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Unit, Regional Melanoma Referral Center and Melanoma & Skin Cancer Unit, Tuscan Tumour Institute (ITT) - S.M. Annunziata Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Serena Sestini
- Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Unit, Regional Melanoma Referral Center and Melanoma & Skin Cancer Unit, Tuscan Tumour Institute (ITT) - S.M. Annunziata Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Paola Brandani
- Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Unit, Regional Melanoma Referral Center and Melanoma & Skin Cancer Unit, Tuscan Tumour Institute (ITT) - S.M. Annunziata Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Soldano Ferrone
- Dept. Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lorenzo Borgognoni
- Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Unit, Regional Melanoma Referral Center and Melanoma & Skin Cancer Unit, Tuscan Tumour Institute (ITT) - S.M. Annunziata Hospital, Florence, Italy
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Shi Z, Greene WK, Nicholls PK, Hu D, Tirnitz-Parker JEE, Yuan Q, Yin C, Ma B. Immunofluorescent characterization of non-myelinating Schwann cells and their interactions with immune cells in mouse mesenteric lymph node. Eur J Histochem 2017; 61:2827. [PMID: 29046050 PMCID: PMC5572407 DOI: 10.4081/ejh.2017.2827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2017] [Revised: 07/22/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The central nervous system (CNS) influences the immune system in a general fashion by regulating the systemic concentration of humoral substances, whereas the autonomic nervous system communicates specifically with the immune system according to local interactions. Data concerning the mechanisms of this bidirectional crosstalk of the peripheral nervous system (PNS) and immune system remain limited. To gain a better understanding of local interactions of the PNS and immune system, we have used immunofluorescent staining of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), coupled with confocal microscopy, to investigate the non-myelinating Schwann cell (NMSC)-immune cell interactions in mouse mesenteric lymph nodes. Our results demonstrate i) the presence of extensive NMSC processes and even of cell bodies in each compartment of the mouse mesenteric lymph node; ii) close associations/interactions of NMSC processes with blood vessels (including high endothelial venules) and the lymphatic vessel/sinus; iii) close contacts/associations of NMSC processes with various subsets of dendritic cells (such as CD4+CD11c+, CD8+CD11c+ dendritic cells), macrophages (F4/80+ and CD11b+ macrophages), and lymphocytes. Our novel findings concerning the distribution of NMSCs and NMSC-immune cell interactions inside the mouse lymph node should help to elucidate the mechanisms through which the PNS affects cellular- and humoral-mediated immune responses or vice versa in health and disease.
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Caldwell A, Siddle HV. The role of MHC genes in contagious cancer: the story of Tasmanian devils. Immunogenetics 2017; 69:537-545. [PMID: 28695294 PMCID: PMC5537419 DOI: 10.1007/s00251-017-0991-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The Tasmanian devil, a marsupial species endemic to the island of Tasmania, harbours two contagious cancers, Devil Facial Tumour 1 (DFT1) and Devil Facial Tumour 2 (DFT2). These cancers pass between individuals in the population via the direct transfer of tumour cells, resulting in the growth of large tumours around the face and neck of affected animals. While these cancers are rare, a contagious cancer also exists in dogs and five contagious cancers circulate in bivalves. The ability of tumour cells to emerge and transmit in mammals is surprising as these cells are an allograft and should be rejected due to incompatibility between Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) genes. As such, considerable research has focused on understanding how DFT1 cells evade the host immune system with particular reference to MHC molecules. This review evaluates the role that MHC class I expression and genotype plays in allowing DFT1 to circumvent histocompatibility barriers in Tasmanian devils. We also examine recent research that suggests that Tasmanian devils can mount an immune response to DFT1 and may form the basis of a protective vaccine against the tumour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison Caldwell
- Department of Biological Science, University of Southampton, Highfield Campus, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Hannah V Siddle
- Department of Biological Science, University of Southampton, Highfield Campus, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK.
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40
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The immunoproteasomes are key to regulate myokines and MHC class I expression in idiopathic inflammatory myopathies. J Autoimmun 2016; 75:118-129. [PMID: 27522114 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2016.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Revised: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 08/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIMs) are diseases with muscle weakness, morphologically characterized by inflammatory infiltration and increased expression of MHC class I molecule on myofibers. Immunoproteasome, as a proteolytic complex that shapes the repertoire of antigenic peptides, has been previously demonstrated to be over-expressed in IIMs at mRNA level. In this study, we investigated the expression and the function of the immunoproteasome in IIMs in more detail. As shown by immunofluorescence staining, expression of relevant players of the immunoproteasome was detectable in the inflamed skeletal muscle tissue from IIM patients. In fact, two subunits of the immunoproteasome, β1i or β5i were upregulated in sporadic inclusion body myositis, immune-mediated necrotizing myopathies and dermatomyositis muscle biopsies and co-localized with the MHC class I expressing myofibers. Double immunofluorescence revealed that both myofibers and muscle infiltrating cells, including CD8+ T-cells and CD68 + macrophages in IIMs expressed β1i or β5i. In addition, we have also investigated the role of the immunoproteasome in myoblasts during in vitro inflammatory conditions. Using human primary myoblasts cultures we found that pro-inflammatory cytokines, TNF-α or IFN-γ upregulate β1i or β5i. Selective inhibition or depletion of β5i amplified the TNF-α or IFN-γ mediated expression of cytokines/chemokines (myokines) in myoblasts. Furthermore, we demonstrated that specific inhibitors of β1i or β5i reduced the cell surface expression of MHC class I in myoblasts induced by IFN-γ. Taken together, our data suggest that the immunoproteasome is involved in pathologic MHC class I expression and maintenance of myokine production in IIMs. Thus, induction of the immunoproteasome was identified as a pathomechanism underlying inflammation in IIMs.
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41
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Differentially expressed lncRNAs and mRNAs identified by microarray analysis in GBS patients vs healthy controls. Sci Rep 2016; 6:21819. [PMID: 26898505 PMCID: PMC4761882 DOI: 10.1038/srep21819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of our present study was to determine whether message RNAs (mRNAs) and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are expressed differentially in patients with Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) compared with healthy controls. The mRNA and lncRNA profiles of GBS patients and healthy controls were generated by using microarray analysis. From microarray analysis, we listed 310 mRNAs and 114 lncRNAs with the mRMR software classed into two sample groups, GBS patients and healthy controls. KEGG mapping demonstrated that the top seven signal pathways may play important roles in GBS development. Several GO terms, such as cytosol, cellular macromolecular complex assembly, cell cycle, ligase activity, protein catabolic process, etc., were enriched in gene lists, suggesting a potential correlation with GBS development. Co-expression network analysis indicated that 113 lncRNAs and 303 mRNAs were included in the co-expression network. Our present study showed that these differentially expressed mRNAs and lncRNAs may play important roles in GBS development, which provides basic information for defining the mechanism(s) that promote GBS.
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Abstract
Peripheral neuropathies have diverse acquired and inherited causes. The autoimmune neuropathies represent an important category where treatment is often available. There are overlapping signs and symptoms between autoimmune neuropathies and other forms. Making a diagnosis can be challenging and first assisted by electrophysiologic and sometimes pathologic sampling, with autoimmune biomarkers providing increased assistance. Here we provide a review of the autoimmune and inflammatory neuropathies, their available biomarkers, and approaches to treatment. Also discussed is new evidence to support a mechanism of autoimmune pain.
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Yang M, Peyret C, Shi XQ, Siron N, Jang JH, Wu S, Fournier S, Zhang J. Evidence from Human and Animal Studies: Pathological Roles of CD8(+) T Cells in Autoimmune Peripheral Neuropathies. Front Immunol 2015; 6:532. [PMID: 26528293 PMCID: PMC4606118 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2015.00532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune peripheral neuropathies such as Guillain-Barre Syndrome (GBS) and chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP) affect millions of people worldwide. Despite significant advances in understanding the pathology, the molecular and cellular mechanisms of immune-mediated neuropathies remain elusive. T lymphocytes definitely play an important role in disease pathogenesis and CD4+ T cells have been the main area of research for decades. This is partly due to the fact that the most frequent animal model to study autoimmune peripheral neuropathy is experimental allergic neuritis (EAN). As it is induced commonly by immunization with peripheral nerve proteins, EAN is driven mainly by CD4+ T cells. However, similarly to what has been reported for patients suffering from multiple sclerosis, a significant body of evidence indicates that CD8+ T cells may play a pathogenic role in GBS and CIDP disease development and/or progression. Here, we summarize clinical studies pertaining to the presence and potential role of CD8+ T cells in autoimmune peripheral neuropathies. We also discuss the findings from our most recent studies using a transgenic mouse line (L31 mice) in which the T cell co-stimulator molecule B7.2 (CD86) is constitutively expressed in antigen presenting cells of the nervous tissues. L31 mice spontaneously develop peripheral neuropathy, and CD8+ T cells are found accumulating in peripheral nerves of symptomatic animals. Interestingly, depletion of CD4+ T cells accelerates disease onset and increases disease prevalence. Finally, we point out some unanswered questions for future research to dissect the critical roles of CD8+ T cells in autoimmune peripheral neuropathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mu Yang
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University , Montreal, QC , Canada ; The Alan Edwards Centre for Research on Pain, McGill University , Montreal, QC , Canada
| | - Corentin Peyret
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University , Montreal, QC , Canada
| | - Xiang Qun Shi
- The Alan Edwards Centre for Research on Pain, McGill University , Montreal, QC , Canada
| | - Nicolas Siron
- The Alan Edwards Centre for Research on Pain, McGill University , Montreal, QC , Canada
| | - Jeong Ho Jang
- The Alan Edwards Centre for Research on Pain, McGill University , Montreal, QC , Canada
| | - Sonia Wu
- The Alan Edwards Centre for Research on Pain, McGill University , Montreal, QC , Canada
| | - Sylvie Fournier
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University , Montreal, QC , Canada
| | - Ji Zhang
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University , Montreal, QC , Canada ; The Alan Edwards Centre for Research on Pain, McGill University , Montreal, QC , Canada ; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University , Montreal, QC , Canada ; Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University , Montreal, QC , Canada
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44
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Meyer zu Horste G, Mausberg AK, Cordes S, El-Haddad H, Partke HJ, Leussink VI, Roden M, Martin S, Steinman L, Hartung HP, Kieseier BC. Thymic epithelium determines a spontaneous chronic neuritis in Icam1(tm1Jcgr)NOD mice. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 193:2678-90. [PMID: 25108020 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1400367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The NOD mouse strain spontaneously develops autoimmune diabetes. A deficiency in costimulatory molecules, such as B7-2, on the NOD genetic background prevents diabetes but instead triggers an inflammatory peripheral neuropathy. This constitutes a shift in the target of autoimmunity, but the underlying mechanism remains unknown. In this study, we demonstrate that NOD mice deficient for isoforms of ICAM-1, which comediate costimulatory functions, spontaneously develop a chronic autoimmune peripheral neuritis instead of diabetes. The disease is transferred by CD4(+) T cells, which infiltrate peripheral nerves together with macrophages and B cells and are autoreactive against peripheral myelin protein zero. These Icam1(tm1Jcgr)NOD mice exhibit unaltered numbers of regulatory T cells, but increased IL-17-producing T cells, which determine the severity, but not the target specificity, of autoimmunity. Ab-mediated ICAM-1 blockade triggers neuritis only in young NOD mice. Thymic epithelium from Icam1(tm1Jcgr)NOD mice features an altered expression of costimulatory molecules and induces neuritis and myelin autoreactivity after transplantation into nude mice in vivo. Icam1(tm1Jcgr)NOD mice exhibit a specifically altered TCR repertoire. Our findings introduce a novel animal model of chronic inflammatory neuropathies and indicate that altered expression of ICAM-1 on thymic epithelium shifts autoimmunity specifically toward peripheral nerves. This improves our understanding of autoimmunity in the peripheral nervous system with potential relevance for human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerd Meyer zu Horste
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany;
| | - Anne K Mausberg
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Steffen Cordes
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Houda El-Haddad
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Hans-Joachim Partke
- Institute of Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research, Heinrich-Heine-University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Verena I Leussink
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Michael Roden
- Institute of Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research, Heinrich-Heine-University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Stephan Martin
- West-German Center of Diabetes and Health, Catholic Clinic Network of Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; and
| | - Lawrence Steinman
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Hans-Peter Hartung
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Bernd C Kieseier
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
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Tzekova N, Heinen A, Küry P. Molecules involved in the crosstalk between immune- and peripheral nerve Schwann cells. J Clin Immunol 2014; 34 Suppl 1:S86-104. [PMID: 24740512 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-014-0015-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2014] [Accepted: 03/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Schwann cells are the myelinating glial cells of the peripheral nervous system and establish myelin sheaths on large caliber axons in order to accelerate their electrical signal propagation. Apart from this well described function, these cells revealed to exhibit a high degree of differentiation plasticity as they were shown to re- and dedifferentiate upon injury and disease as well as to actively participate in regenerative- and inflammatory processes. This review focuses on the crosstalk between glial- and immune cells observed in many peripheral nerve pathologies and summarizes functional evidences of molecules, regulators and factors involved in this process. We summarize data on Schwann cell's role presenting antigens, on interactions with the complement system, on Schwann cell surface molecules/receptors and on secreted factors involved in immune cell interactions or para-/autocrine signaling events, thus strengthening the view for a broader (patho) physiological role of this cell lineage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nevena Tzekova
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Moorenstrasse 5, D-40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
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Stettner M, Lohmann B, Wolffram K, Weinberger JP, Dehmel T, Hartung HP, Mausberg AK, Kieseier BC. Interleukin-17 impedes Schwann cell-mediated myelination. J Neuroinflammation 2014; 11:63. [PMID: 24678820 PMCID: PMC3977670 DOI: 10.1186/1742-2094-11-63] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2014] [Accepted: 03/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Pro-inflammatory cytokines are known to have deleterious effects on Schwann cells (SCs). Interleukin 17 (IL-17) is a potent pro-inflammatory cytokine that exhibits relevant effects during inflammation in the peripheral nervous system (PNS), and IL-17-secreting cells have been reported within the endoneurium in proximity to the SCs. Methods Here, we analyzed the effects of IL-17 on myelination and the immunological properties of SCs. Dorsal root ganglia (DRG) co-cultures containing neurons and SCs from BL6 mice were used to define the impact of IL-17 on myelination and on SC differentiation; primary SCs were analyzed for RNA and protein expression to define the putative immunological alignment of the SCs. Results SCs were found to functionally express the IL-17 receptors A and B. In DRG cultures, stimulation with IL-17 resulted in reduced myelin synthesis, while pro-myelin gene expression was suppressed at the mRNA level. Neuronal outgrowth and SC viability, as well as structural myelin formation, remained unaffected. Co-cultures exhibited SC-relevant pro-inflammatory markers, such as matrix metalloproteinase 9 and SCs significantly increased the expression of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) I and exhibited a slight, nonsignificant increase in expression of MHCII, and a transporter associated with antigen presentation (TAP) II molecules relevant for antigen processing and presentation. Conclusions IL-17 may act as a myelin-suppressive mediator in the peripheral nerve, directly propagating SC-mediated demyelination, paralleled by an inflammatory alignment of the SCs. Further analyses are warranted to elucidate the role of IL-17 during inflammation in the PNS in vivo, which could be useful in the development of target therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Stettner
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Research Group for Clinical and Experimental Neuroimmunology, Heinrich-Heine-University, Moorenstraße 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
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Bender HS, Marshall Graves JA, Deakin JE. Pathogenesis and molecular biology of a transmissible tumor in the Tasmanian devil. Annu Rev Anim Biosci 2013; 2:165-87. [PMID: 25384139 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-animal-022513-114204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The emergence of a fatal transmissible cancer known as devil facial tumor disease (DFTD) is threatening the iconic Tasmanian devil with extinction in the wild within the next few decades. Since the first report of the disease in 1996, DFTD has spread to over 85% of the devils' distribution and dramatically reduced devil numbers. Research into DFTD has focused on gaining a deeper understanding of the disease on multiple levels, including an accurate assessment of the tissue origin of the tumor, elucidation of how the tumor evades immune detection, and determination of how the tumor is transmitted between individuals and how it is evolving as it spreads through the population. Knowledge gained from these studies has important implications for DFTD management and devil conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah S Bender
- Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia
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Meyer zu Hörste G, Mausberg AK, Müller JI, Lehmann HC, Löber S, Gmeiner P, Hartung HP, Stüve O, Korth C, Kieseier BC. Quinpramine ameliorates rat experimental autoimmune neuritis and redistributes MHC class II molecules. PLoS One 2011; 6:e21223. [PMID: 21698177 PMCID: PMC3116892 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0021223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2011] [Accepted: 05/23/2011] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of inflammatory cells is central to the pathogenesis of autoimmune demyelinating diseases of the peripheral nervous system. The novel chimeric compound quinpramine—generated from imipramine and quinacrine—redistributes cholesterol rich membrane domains to intracellular compartments. We studied the immunological and clinical effects of quinpramine in myelin homogenate induced Lewis rat experimental autoimmune neuritis (EAN), a model system for acute human inflammatory neuropathies, such as the Guillain-Barré syndrome. EAN animals develop paresis of all limbs due to autoimmune inflammation of peripheral nerves. Quinpramine treatment ameliorated clinical disease severity of EAN and infiltration of macrophages into peripheral nerves. It reduced expression of MHC class II molecules on antigen presenting cells and antigen specific T cell proliferation both in vitro and in vivo. Quinpramine exerted its anti-proliferatory effect on antigen presenting cells, but not on responder T cells. Our data suggest that quinpramine represents a candidate pharmaceutical for inflammatory neuropathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerd Meyer zu Hörste
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany.
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Meyer zu Hörste G, Heidenreich H, Mausberg AK, Lehmann HC, ten Asbroek ALMA, Saavedra JT, Baas F, Hartung HP, Wiendl H, Kieseier BC. Mouse Schwann cells activate MHC class I and II restricted T-cell responses, but require external peptide processing for MHC class II presentation. Neurobiol Dis 2009; 37:483-90. [PMID: 19914379 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2009.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2009] [Revised: 11/04/2009] [Accepted: 11/06/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Schwann cells are the myelinating glia cells of the peripheral nervous system (PNS). In inflammatory neuropathies like the Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) Schwann cells become target of an autoimmune response, but may also modulate local inflammation. Here, we tested the functional relevance of Schwann cell derived MHC expression in an in vitro coculture system. Mouse Schwann cells activated proliferation of ovalbumin specific CD8+ T cells when ovalbumin protein or MHC class I restricted ovalbumin peptide (Ova(257-264) SIINFEKL) was added and after transfection with an ovalbumin coding vector. Schwann cells activated proliferation of ovalbumin specific CD4+ T cells in the presence of MHC class II restricted ovalbumin peptide (Ova(323-339) ISQAVHAAHAEINEAGR). CD4+ T-cell proliferation was not activated by ovalbumin protein or transfection with an ovalbumin coding vector. This indicates that Schwann cells express functionally active MHC class I and II molecules. In this study, however, Schwann cells lacked the ability to process exogenous antigen or cross-present endogenous antigen into the MHC class II presentation pathway. Thus, antigen presentation may be a pathological function of Schwann cells exacerbating nerve damage in inflammatory neuropathies.
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