1
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Shree Harini K, Ezhilarasan D, Mani U. Molecular insights on intracellular Wnt/β-catenin signaling in alcoholic liver disease. Cell Biochem Funct 2024; 42:e3916. [PMID: 38269515 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is one of the most common health problems worldwide, especially in developing countries caused by chronic consumption of alcohol on a daily basis. The ALD spectrum is initiated with the early stages of alcoholic fatty liver (steatosis), progressing to alcoholic steatohepatitis, followed by the later stages of fibrosis and in some cases, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The Wnt/β-catenin signaling required for healthy liver development, function, and regeneration is found to be aberrated in ALD, attributed to its progression. This review is to elucidate the association of Wnt/β-catenin signaling with various stages of ALD progression. Alcohol causes downregulation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling components and thereby suppressing the pathway. Reports have been published that aberrated Wnt/β-catenin signaling, especially the absence of β-catenin, results in decreased alcohol metabolism, causing steatosis followed by steatohepatitis via lipid accumulation, lipid peroxidation, liver injury, increased oxidative stress and apoptosis of hepatocytes, contributing to the advancement of ALD. Contrastingly, the progression of later stages of ALD like fibrosis and HCC depends on the increased activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling and its components. Existing studies reveal the varied expression of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in ALD. However, the dual role of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in earlier and later stages of ALD is not clear. Therefore, studies on the Wnt/β-catenin pathway and its components in various manifestations of ALD might provide insight in targeting the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in ALD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karthik Shree Harini
- Department of Pharmacology, Hepatology & Molecular Medicine Lab, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Devaraj Ezhilarasan
- Department of Pharmacology, Hepatology & Molecular Medicine Lab, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Uthirappan Mani
- Animal House Division, CSIR-Central Leather Research Institute, Chennai, India
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2
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Bragg RM, Coffey SR, Cantle JP, Hu S, Singh S, Legg SR, McHugh CA, Toor A, Zeitlin SO, Kwak S, Howland D, Vogt TF, Monga SP, Carroll JB. Huntingtin loss in hepatocytes is associated with altered metabolism, adhesion, and liver zonation. Life Sci Alliance 2023; 6:e202302098. [PMID: 37684045 PMCID: PMC10488683 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202302098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Huntington's disease arises from a toxic gain of function in the huntingtin (HTT) gene. As a result, many HTT-lowering therapies are being pursued in clinical studies, including those that reduce HTT RNA and protein expression in the liver. To investigate potential impacts, we characterized molecular, cellular, and metabolic impacts of chronic HTT lowering in mouse hepatocytes. Lifelong hepatocyte HTT loss is associated with multiple physiological changes, including increased circulating bile acids, cholesterol and urea, hypoglycemia, and impaired adhesion. HTT loss causes a clear shift in the normal zonal patterns of liver gene expression, such that pericentral gene expression is reduced. These alterations in liver zonation in livers lacking HTT are observed at the transcriptional, histological, and plasma metabolite levels. We have extended these phenotypes physiologically with a metabolic challenge of acetaminophen, for which the HTT loss results in toxicity resistance. Our data reveal an unexpected role for HTT in regulating hepatic zonation, and we find that loss of HTT in hepatocytes mimics the phenotypes caused by impaired hepatic β-catenin function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert M Bragg
- Behavioral Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, Western Washington University, Bellingham, WA, USA
| | - Sydney R Coffey
- Behavioral Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, Western Washington University, Bellingham, WA, USA
| | - Jeffrey P Cantle
- Behavioral Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, Western Washington University, Bellingham, WA, USA
| | - Shikai Hu
- School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Sucha Singh
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Samuel Rw Legg
- Behavioral Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, Western Washington University, Bellingham, WA, USA
| | - Cassandra A McHugh
- Behavioral Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, Western Washington University, Bellingham, WA, USA
| | - Amreen Toor
- Behavioral Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, Western Washington University, Bellingham, WA, USA
| | - Scott O Zeitlin
- https://ror.org/0153tk833 Department of Neuroscience, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Satdarshan P Monga
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center and University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jeffrey B Carroll
- Behavioral Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, Western Washington University, Bellingham, WA, USA
- https://ror.org/00cvxb145 Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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3
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Kim HM, Kim Y, Kim Y, Kim YJ, Ko KS. Organoid Establishment of Long-Term Culture Using Primary Mouse Hepatocytes and Evaluation of Liver Function. Prev Nutr Food Sci 2023; 28:360-369. [PMID: 37842244 PMCID: PMC10567590 DOI: 10.3746/pnf.2023.28.3.360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary hepatocytes and various animal models have traditionally been used in liver function tests to assess the effects of nutrients. However, these approaches present several limitations such as time consumption, high cost, the need for facilities, and ethical issues in primary mouse hepatocytes and animal models. In this study, we constructed liver organoids from primary mouse hepatocytes (OrgPH) to replace primary hepatocytes and animal models. We isolated primary mouse hepatocytes from 6- to 10-week-old male C57BL/6J mice using the two-step collagenase method, and generated liver organoids by clustering the cells in Matrigel. To assess the hepatic function of OrgPH, we examined specific liver markers and gene expressions related to hepatic glucose, ethanol, and cholesterol metabolism. Over a 28-day culture period, liver-specific markers, including Alb, Arg1, G6pc, and Cyp1a1, increased or remained stable in the OrgPH. However, they eventually decreased in primary hepatocytes. Glucose and ethanol metabolism-related gene expression levels exhibited a similar tendency in AML12 cells and OrgPH. However, the expression levels of cholesterol metabolism-related genes displayed an opposite trend in OrgPH compared with those in AML12 cells. These results agree with those of previous studies involving in vivo models. In conclusion, our study indicates that OrgPH can retain liver function and mimic the hepatocytic physiology of mouse in vivo models. Therefore, organoids originating from primary mouse hepatocytes are potentially useful as an animal-free method for evaluating the safety and toxicity of health functional foods and a replacement for animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Mi Kim
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
- Graduate Program in System Health Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Yerin Kim
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
- Department of Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University College of Medicine, Gangwon 25601, Korea
| | - Yuri Kim
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
- Graduate Program in System Health Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Young Jun Kim
- Department of Food and Biotechnology and Food and Regulatory Science, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Korea
| | - Kwang Suk Ko
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
- Graduate Program in System Health Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
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4
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Bragg RM, Coffey SR, Cantle JP, Hu S, Singh S, Legg SR, McHugh CA, Toor A, Zeitlin SO, Kwak S, Howland D, Vogt TF, Monga SP, Carroll JB. Huntingtin loss in hepatocytes is associated with altered metabolism, adhesion, and liver zonation. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.06.24.546334. [PMID: 37425835 PMCID: PMC10327156 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.24.546334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Huntington's disease arises from a toxic gain of function in the huntingtin ( HTT ) gene. As a result, many HTT-lowering therapies are being pursued in clinical studies, including those that reduce HTT RNA and protein expression in the liver. To investigate potential impacts, we characterized molecular, cellular, and metabolic impacts of chronic HTT lowering in mouse hepatocytes. Lifelong hepatocyte HTT loss is associated with multiple physiological changes, including increased circulating bile acids, cholesterol and urea, hypoglycemia, and impaired adhesion. HTT loss causes a clear shift in the normal zonal patterns of liver gene expression, such that pericentral gene expression is reduced. These alterations in liver zonation in livers lacking HTT are observed at the transcriptional, histological and plasma metabolite level. We have extended these phenotypes physiologically with a metabolic challenge of acetaminophen, for which the HTT loss results in toxicity resistance. Our data reveal an unexpected role for HTT in regulating hepatic zonation, and we find that loss of HTT in hepatocytes mimics the phenotypes caused by impaired hepatic β-catenin function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert M. Bragg
- Behavioral Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, Western Washington University, Bellingham WA 98225
| | - Sydney R. Coffey
- Behavioral Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, Western Washington University, Bellingham WA 98225
| | - Jeffrey P. Cantle
- Behavioral Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, Western Washington University, Bellingham WA 98225
| | - Shikai Hu
- School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Sucha Singh
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Samuel R.W. Legg
- Behavioral Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, Western Washington University, Bellingham WA 98225
| | - Cassandra A. McHugh
- Behavioral Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, Western Washington University, Bellingham WA 98225
| | - Amreen Toor
- Behavioral Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, Western Washington University, Bellingham WA 98225
| | - Scott O. Zeitlin
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908
| | | | | | | | - Satdarshan P. Monga
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center and University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA USA; Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA USA
| | - Jeffrey B. Carroll
- Behavioral Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, Western Washington University, Bellingham WA 98225
- Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98104-2499
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5
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Yan C, Hu W, Tu J, Li J, Liang Q, Han S. Pathogenic mechanisms and regulatory factors involved in alcoholic liver disease. J Transl Med 2023; 21:300. [PMID: 37143126 PMCID: PMC10158301 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04166-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Alcoholism is a widespread and damaging behaviour of people throughout the world. Long-term alcohol consumption has resulted in alcoholic liver disease (ALD) being the leading cause of chronic liver disease. Many metabolic enzymes, including alcohol dehydrogenases such as ADH, CYP2E1, and CATacetaldehyde dehydrogenases ALDHsand nonoxidative metabolizing enzymes such as SULT, UGT, and FAEES, are involved in the metabolism of ethanol, the main component in alcoholic beverages. Ethanol consumption changes the functional or expression profiles of various regulatory factors, such as kinases, transcription factors, and microRNAs. Therefore, the underlying mechanisms of ALD are complex, involving inflammation, mitochondrial damage, endoplasmic reticulum stress, nitrification, and oxidative stress. Moreover, recent evidence has demonstrated that the gut-liver axis plays a critical role in ALD pathogenesis. For example, ethanol damages the intestinal barrier, resulting in the release of endotoxins and alterations in intestinal flora content and bile acid metabolism. However, ALD therapies show low effectiveness. Therefore, this review summarizes ethanol metabolism pathways and highly influential pathogenic mechanisms and regulatory factors involved in ALD pathology with the aim of new therapeutic insights.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuyun Yan
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230001, Anhui, China
| | - Wanting Hu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Key Lab of Microanalytical Methods & Instrumentation, Department of Chemistry, Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Jinqi Tu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College of Wuhu, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241000, Anhui, China
| | - Jinyao Li
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, 830046, China
| | - Qionglin Liang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Key Lab of Microanalytical Methods & Instrumentation, Department of Chemistry, Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Shuxin Han
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230001, Anhui, China.
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, 830046, China.
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6
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Mukhopadhyay B, Holovac K, Schuebel K, Mukhopadhyay P, Cinar R, Iyer S, Marietta C, Goldman D, Kunos G. The endocannabinoid system promotes hepatocyte progenitor cell proliferation and maturation by modulating cellular energetics. Cell Death Discov 2023; 9:104. [PMID: 36966147 PMCID: PMC10039889 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-023-01400-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The proliferation and differentiation of hepatic progenitor cells (HPCs) drive the homeostatic renewal of the liver under diverse conditions. Liver regeneration is associated with an increase in Axin2+Cnr1+ HPCs, along with a marked increase in the levels of the endocannabinoid anandamide (AEA). But the molecular mechanism linking AEA signaling to HPC proliferation and/or differentiation has not been explored. Here, we show that in vitro exposure of HPCs to AEA triggers both cell cycling and differentiation along with increased expression of Cnr1, Krt19, and Axin2. Mechanistically, we found that AEA promotes the nuclear localization of the transcription factor β-catenin, with subsequent induction of its downstream targets. Systemic analyses of cells after CRISPR-mediated knockout of the β-catenin-regulated transcriptome revealed that AEA modulates β-catenin-dependent cell cycling and differentiation, as well as interleukin pathways. Further, we found that AEA promotes OXPHOS in HPCs when amino acids and glucose are readily available as substrates, but AEA inhibits it when the cells rely primarily on fatty acid oxidation. Thus, the endocannabinoid system promotes hepatocyte renewal and maturation by stimulating the proliferation of Axin2+Cnr1+ HPCs via the β-catenin pathways while modulating the metabolic activity of their precursor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bani Mukhopadhyay
- Laboratory of Physiologic Studies, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Kellie Holovac
- Laboratory of Physiologic Studies, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kornel Schuebel
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Partha Mukhopadhyay
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology and Tissue Injury, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Resat Cinar
- Laboratory of Physiologic Studies, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sindhu Iyer
- Laboratory of Physiologic Studies, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Cheryl Marietta
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - David Goldman
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - George Kunos
- Laboratory of Physiologic Studies, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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7
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Ding Q, Zhang G, Wang Y, Xu L, Wu M, Zhou Y, Xu T, Meng X, Huang C, Zhang L. β-catenin ISGylation promotes lipid deposition and apoptosis in ethanol-stimulated liver injury models. Redox Rep 2022; 27:239-248. [PMID: 36259544 PMCID: PMC9586657 DOI: 10.1080/13510002.2022.2109360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The restoration of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway to alleviate alcoholic fatty liver disease (AFLD) progression is under study as a new strategy for alcoholic liver disease (ALD) treatment. Recent studies have indicated that interferon-stimulated gene 15 (ISG15) can covalently bind to β-catenin by HECT E3 ubiquitin ligase 5 (HERC5), leading to ISG degradation and downregulation of β-catenin levels. However, the relationship between β-catenin and the ISG15 system in AFLD remains unclear. Methods Here, we explored the roles of the ISG15 system in β-catenin activation and in the pathogenesis of alcohol-induced liver injury and steatosis. Results In this study, HERC5 silencing upregulated β-catenin protein expression and inhibited lipid metabolism disorders and cell apoptosis. Reduced β-catenin protein expression, increased lipid metabolism disorders, and cell apoptosis were detected in cells induced with HERC5 overexpression, which was reversible with the reactive oxygen species (ROS) inhibitor. All the above results were statistically analyzed. Thus, these observations demonstrate that β-catenin ISGylation is a prominent regulator of ALD pathology, which works by regulating ROS to induce lipid metabolism disorders and cell apoptosis. Conclusion Our findings provided the mechanism involved in the β-catenin ISGylation, allowing for future studies on the prevention or amelioration of liver injury in ALD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Ding
- Anhui No.2 Provincial People's Hospital, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Guodong Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of major autoimmune disease, Anhui Province, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People's Republic of China.,The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune medicines, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of major autoimmune disease, Anhui Province, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People's Republic of China.,The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune medicines, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of major autoimmune disease, Anhui Province, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People's Republic of China.,The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune medicines, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Meifei Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of major autoimmune disease, Anhui Province, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People's Republic of China.,The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune medicines, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiwen Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of major autoimmune disease, Anhui Province, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People's Republic of China.,The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune medicines, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of major autoimmune disease, Anhui Province, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People's Republic of China.,The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune medicines, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoming Meng
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of major autoimmune disease, Anhui Province, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People's Republic of China.,The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune medicines, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of major autoimmune disease, Anhui Province, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People's Republic of China.,The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune medicines, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of major autoimmune disease, Anhui Province, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People's Republic of China.,The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune medicines, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People's Republic of China
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8
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Wang Y, Fan Z, Yang M, Wang Y, Cao J, Khan A, Liu Y, Cheng G. Protective effects of E Se tea extracts against alcoholic fatty liver disease induced by high fat/alcohol diet: In vivo biological evaluation and molecular docking study. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 101:154113. [PMID: 35490493 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND With the development of economy and increased workload, chronic a high-fat/alcohol diet intake may lead to alcoholic fatty liver disease (AFLD), which is considered as a crucial health problem worldwide. E Se tea is produced of the leaves and leaf buds of Malus toringoides (Rehd.) Hughes in Tibet and has human health benefits with anti-hyperglycemia, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia effects. PURPOSE The objective of this work was to investigate the protective effect of aqueous-ethanol and hot-water extracts of E Se tea against chronic high-fat/alcohol diet induced AFLD rats. METHODS Firstly, to determine the chemical profiling of E Se tea extracts, UHPLC-ESI-HRMS analysis was conducted. Secondly, Sprague-Dawley male rats were used to establish the AFLD animal model by feeding with high-fat/alcohol diet. The animals were treated with E Se tea extracts for 12 weeks. Serum parameters were determined, histologic sections were prepared, and activities of enzymes related to inflammatory response and lipid metabolism imbalance were analyzed. The underlying mechanisms of E Se tea extracts alleviating AFLD were analyzed by immunofluorescence staining and Western blotting analysis. Lastly, key targets of 11-MT against AFLD were verified through molecular docking. RESULTS In this study, seven main compounds were confirmed or tentatively identified in E Se tea extracts by UHPLC-ESI-HRMS. The results revealed that both the extracts could reverse histopathological steatotic alternation of the liver and reduced the activity of liver damage markers (ALT, AST). E Se tea extracts mitigated oxidative stress by inhibiting CYP2E1 protein and lipid peroxidation parameters (MDA), but enhancing the endogenous antioxidants (CAT, GSH, SOD). Moreover, E Se tea extracts ameliorated inflammation by restraining the activation of NF-κB, consequently releasing the expression of proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, COX-2 and iNOS). Subsequently, E Se tea extracts reduced hepatocyte apoptosis by increasing capase-9, caspase-3 and Bax protein expression but decreasing Bcl-2 protein expression. Furthermore, E Se tea extracts improved metabolism imbalance by stimulating AMPK/SREBP1/FAS and PPAR-α/CPT1 signaling pathway by regulating lipid metabolism parameters (TC, TG, HDL-C, LHD-C). Furthermore, molecular docking results indicated that 7 chemical constituents of E Se tea extracts had strong docking affinity with 4 key target proteins (AMPK, PPAR-α, NF-кB and Caspase-9). CONCLUSION E Se tea ameliorated AFLD through ameliorating inflammatory response, apoptosis, and lipid metabolism imbalance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongpeng Wang
- Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Zhifeng Fan
- Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China; College of Ethnic Medicine, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Meilian Yang
- Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Yudan Wang
- Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China; College of Ethnic Medicine, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming, 650500, China; National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Green Preparation Technology of Biobased Materials, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Jianxin Cao
- Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Afsar Khan
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad-22060, Pakistan
| | - Yaping Liu
- Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Guiguang Cheng
- Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China.
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9
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Schonfeld M, Averilla J, Gunewardena S, Weinman SA, Tikhanovich I. Male-Specific Activation of Lysine Demethylases 5B and 5C Mediates Alcohol-Induced Liver Injury and Hepatocyte Dedifferentiation. Hepatol Commun 2022; 6:1373-1391. [PMID: 35084807 PMCID: PMC9134811 DOI: 10.1002/hep4.1895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD) is a major cause of alcohol-related mortality. Sex differences in sensitivity to ALD are well described, but these are often disregarded in studies of ALD development. We aimed to define sex-specific pathways in liver exposed to alcohol. Mice were fed the Lieber-DeCarli alcohol liquid diet or a combination of a high-fat diet with alcohol in water. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-Seq) was performed on liver cells from male and female mice. Mice were treated with adeno-associated virus (AAV)-short hairpin (sh)Control or AAV-sh lysine demethylase 5b (shKdm5b) and/or AAV-shKdm5c vectors. Changes after Kdm5b/5c knockdown were assessed by RNA-Seq and histone H3 lysine K4 (H3K4)me3 chromatin immunoprecipitation-Seq analysis. Using scRNA-Seq analysis, we found several sex-specific pathways induced by alcohol, including pathways related to lipid metabolism and hepatocyte differentiation. Bioinformatic analysis suggested that two epigenetic regulators, H3K4-specific lysine demethylases KDM5B and KDM5C, contribute to sex differences in alcohol effects. We found that in alcohol-fed male mice, KDM5B and KDM5C are involved in hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 alpha (Hnf4a) down-regulation, hepatocyte dedifferentiation, and an increase in fatty acid synthesis. This effect is mediated by alcohol-induced KDM5B and KDM5C recruitment to Hnf4a and other gene promoters in male but not in female mice. Kdm5b and Kdm5c knockdown or KDM5-inhibitor treatment prevented alcohol-induced lipid accumulation and restored levels of Hnf4a and other hepatocyte differentiation genes in male mice. In addition, Kdm5b knockdown prevented hepatocellular carcinoma development in male mice by up-regulating Hnf4a and decreasing tumor cell proliferation. Conclusion: Alcohol specifically activates KDM5 demethylases in male mice to promote alcohol-induced hepatocyte dedifferentiation and tumor development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Schonfeld
- Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of Kansas Medical CenterKansas CityKSUSA
| | - Janice Averilla
- Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of Kansas Medical CenterKansas CityKSUSA
| | - Sumedha Gunewardena
- Department of Molecular and Integrative PhysiologyUniversity of Kansas Medical CenterKansas CityKSUSA
| | - Steven A. Weinman
- Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of Kansas Medical CenterKansas CityKSUSA
- Liver CenterUniversity of Kansas Medical CenterKansas CityKSUSA
- Kansas City VA Medical CenterKansas CityMOUSA
| | - Irina Tikhanovich
- Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of Kansas Medical CenterKansas CityKSUSA
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10
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Goel C, Monga SP, Nejak-Bowen K. Role and Regulation of Wnt/β-Catenin in Hepatic Perivenous Zonation and Physiological Homeostasis. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2022; 192:4-17. [PMID: 34924168 PMCID: PMC8747012 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2021.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic heterogeneity or functional zonation is a key characteristic of the liver that allows different metabolic pathways to be spatially regulated within the hepatic system and together contribute to whole body homeostasis. These metabolic pathways are segregated along the portocentral axis of the liver lobule into three hepatic zones: periportal, intermediate or midzonal, and perivenous. The liver performs complementary or opposing metabolic functions within different hepatic zones while synergistic functions are regulated by overlapping zones, thereby maintaining the overall physiological stability. The Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway is well known for its role in liver growth, development, and regeneration. In addition, the Wnt/β-catenin pathway plays a fundamental and dominant role in hepatic zonation and signals to orchestrate various functions of liver metabolism and pathophysiology. The β-catenin protein is the central player in the Wnt/β-catenin signaling cascade, and its activation is crucial for metabolic patterning of the liver. However, dysregulation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling is also implicated in different liver pathologies, including those associated with metabolic syndrome. β-Catenin is preferentially localized in the central region of the hepatic lobule surrounding the central vein and regulates multiple functions of this region. This review outlines the role of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in controlling the different metabolic processes surrounding the central vein and its relation to liver homeostasis and dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chhavi Goel
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Satdarshan P. Monga
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania,Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania,Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Kari Nejak-Bowen
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania,Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania,Address correspondence to Kari Nejak-Bowen, Ph.D., Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, 200 Lothrop Street, S405A Biomedical Science Tower, Pittsburgh, PA 15261.
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11
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Hershberger CE, Rodarte AI, Siddiqi S, Moro A, Acevedo-Moreno LA, Brown JM, Allende DS, Aucejo F, Rotroff DM. Salivary Metabolites are Promising Non-Invasive Biomarkers of Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Chronic Liver Disease. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 2:33-44. [PMID: 34541549 DOI: 10.1002/lci2.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Background Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a leading causes of cancer mortality worldwide. Improved tools are needed for detecting HCC so that treatment can begin as early as possible. Current diagnostic approaches and existing biomarkers, such as alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) lack sensitivity, resulting in too many false negative diagnoses. Machine-learning may be able to identify combinations of biomarkers that provide more robust predictions and improve sensitivity for detecting HCC. We sought to evaluate whether metabolites in patient saliva could distinguish those with HCC, cirrhosis, and those with no documented liver disease. Methods and Results We tested 125 salivary metabolites from 110 individuals (43 healthy, 37 HCC, 30 cirrhosis) and identified 4 metabolites that displayed significantly different abundance between groups (FDR P <.2). We also developed four tree-based, machine-learning models, optimized to include different numbers of metabolites, that were trained using cross-validation on 99 patients and validated on a withheld test set of 11 patients. A model using 12 metabolites -octadecanol, acetophenone, lauric acid, 1-monopalmitin, dodecanol, salicylaldehyde, glycyl-proline, 1-monostearin, creatinine, glutamine, serine and 4-hydroxybutyric acid- had a cross-validated sensitivity of 84.8%, specificity of 92.4% and correctly classified 90% of the HCC patients in the test cohort. This model outperformed previously reported sensitivities and specificities for AFP (20-100ng/ml) (61%, 86%) and AFP plus ultrasound (62%, 88%). Conclusions and Impact Metabolites detectable in saliva may represent products of disease pathology or a breakdown in liver function. Notably, combinations of salivary metabolites derived from machine-learning may serve as promising non-invasive biomarkers for the detection of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney E Hershberger
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, OH, USA
| | | | - Shirin Siddiqi
- Department of General Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, OH, USA
| | - Amika Moro
- Department of General Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, OH, USA
| | | | - J Mark Brown
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, OH, USA.,Center for Microbiome and Human Health, Cleveland Clinic, OH, USA
| | | | | | - Daniel M Rotroff
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, OH, USA
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12
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Park JS, Ma H, Roh YS. Ubiquitin pathways regulate the pathogenesis of chronic liver disease. Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 193:114764. [PMID: 34529948 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Chronic liver disease (CLD) is considered the leading cause of global mortality. In westernized countries, increased consumption of alcohol and overeating foods with high fat/ high glucose promote progression of CLD such as alcoholic liver disease (ALD) and non-alcoholic liver disease (NAFLD). Accumulating evidence and research suggest that ubiquitin, a 75 amino acid protein, plays crucial role in the pathogenesis of CLD through dynamic post-translational modifications (PTMs) exerting diverse cellular outcomes such as protein degradation through ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) and autophagy, and regulation of signal transduction. In this review, we present the function of ubiquitination and latest findings on diverse mechanism of PTMs, UPS and autophagy which significantly contribute to the pathogenesis of alcoholic liver disease (ALD), non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), cirrhosis, and HCC. Despite its high prevalence, morbidity, and mortality, there are only few FDA approved drugs that could be administered to CLD patients. The goal of this review is to present a variety of pathways and therapeutic targets involving ubiquitination in the pathogenesis of CLD. Further, this review summarizes collective views of pharmaceutical inhibition or activation of recent drugs targeting UPS and autophagy system to highlight potential targets and new approaches to treat CLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Su Park
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28160, South Korea
| | - Hwan Ma
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28160, South Korea
| | - Yoon-Seok Roh
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28160, South Korea.
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13
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Zhang F, Wang F, He J, Lian N, Wang Z, Shao J, Ding H, Tan S, Chen A, Zhang Z, Wang S, Zheng S. Regulation of hepatic stellate cell contraction and cirrhotic portal hypertension by Wnt/β-catenin signalling via interaction with Gli1. Br J Pharmacol 2021; 178:2246-2265. [PMID: 33085791 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Portal hypertension is a lethal complication of cirrhosis. Its mechanism and therapeutic targets remain largely unknown. Hepatic stellate cell (HSC) contraction increases intrahepatic vascular resistance contributing to portal hypertension. We investigated how HSC contraction was regulated by Wnt signalling and the therapeutic implications. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Liver tissues from cirrhotic patients were examined. Cirrhotic mice with genetic or pharmacological treatments were used for in vivo assessments, and their primary cells were isolated. Cellular functions and signalling pathways were analysed in human HSC-LX2 cells using real-time PCR, Western blotting, siRNA, luciferase reporter assay, chromatin immunoprecipitation, co-immunoprecipitation and site-directed mutagenesis. KEY RESULTS Wnt/β-catenin correlated with HSC contraction in human cirrhotic liver. Wnt3a stimulated Smo-independent Gli1 nuclear translocation followed by LARG-mediated RhoA activation leading to HSC contraction. Suppressor of fused (Sufu) negatively mediated Wnt3a-induced Gli1 nuclear translocation. Wnt/β-catenin repressed transcription of Sufu dependent on β-catenin/TCF4 interaction and TCF4 binding to Sufu promoter. Molecular simulation and site-directed mutagenesis identified the β-catenin residues Lys312 and Lys435 critically involved in this interaction. TCF4 binding to the sequence CACACCTTCC at Sufu promoter was required for transrepression of Sufu. In cirrhotic mice, short-term liver-targeting β-catenin deficiency or acute treatment with β-catenin inhibitors reduced portal pressure via restriction of HSC contraction rather than inhibiting HSC activation. Long-term deficiency or treatments also ameliorated liver injury, fibrosis and inflammation. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS Interaction between Wnt/β-catenin and Smo-independent Gli1 pathways promoted HSC contraction via TCF4-dependent transrepression of Sufu. HSC-specific inhibition of β-catenin may have therapeutic benefits for cirrhotic portal hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Feixia Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Jianlin He
- The Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen, China
| | - Naqi Lian
- School of Medicine and Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhenyi Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiangjuan Shao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Hai Ding
- Department of Integrated TCM & Western Medicine in Hepatology, The Nanjing Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Shanzhong Tan
- Department of Integrated TCM & Western Medicine in Hepatology, The Nanjing Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Anping Chen
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Zili Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Shijun Wang
- Shandong Co-innovation Center of TCM Formula, College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Shizhong Zheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
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14
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Angiodiversity and organotypic functions of sinusoidal endothelial cells. Angiogenesis 2021; 24:289-310. [PMID: 33745018 PMCID: PMC7982081 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-021-09780-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
‘Angiodiversity’ refers to the structural and functional heterogeneity of endothelial cells (EC) along the segments of the vascular tree and especially within the microvascular beds of different organs. Organotypically differentiated EC ranging from continuous, barrier-forming endothelium to discontinuous, fenestrated endothelium perform organ-specific functions such as the maintenance of the tightly sealed blood–brain barrier or the clearance of macromolecular waste products from the peripheral blood by liver EC-expressed scavenger receptors. The microvascular bed of the liver, composed of discontinuous, fenestrated liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSEC), is a prime example of organ-specific angiodiversity. Anatomy and development of LSEC have been extensively studied by electron microscopy as well as linage-tracing experiments. Recent advances in cell isolation and bulk transcriptomics or single-cell RNA sequencing techniques allowed the identification of distinct LSEC molecular programs and have led to the identification of LSEC subpopulations. LSEC execute homeostatic functions such as fine tuning the vascular tone, clearing noxious substances from the circulation, and modulating immunoregulatory mechanisms. In recent years, the identification and functional analysis of LSEC-derived angiocrine signals, which control liver homeostasis and disease pathogenesis in an instructive manner, marks a major change of paradigm in the understanding of liver function in health and disease. This review summarizes recent advances in the understanding of liver vascular angiodiversity and the functional consequences resulting thereof.
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15
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Wang G, Fu Y, Li J, Li Y, Zhao Q, Hu A, Xu C, Shao D, Chen W. Aqueous extract of Polygonatum sibiricum ameliorates ethanol-induced mice liver injury via regulation of the Nrf2/ARE pathway. J Food Biochem 2020; 45:e13537. [PMID: 33107045 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
This study investigates the hepatoprotective effect of the aqueous extract of Polygonatum sibiricum (AEPS) against ethanol-induced oxidative stress and explores underlying mechanisms. AEPS was administered by gavage to ICR mice for 30 days. The experimental mice were fed a 5% (v/v) ethanol on last 10 days and followed by a single megadose of ethanol (5 g/kg) to induce ethanol-induced liver injury. Pretreatment with AEPS significantly suppressed the ethanol-induced elevation of aminotransferase activities, total bilirubin (TBIL) level, triglyceride level, and alleviated liver histopathological lesions. Meanwhile, AEPS reduced the level of oxidative stress in the liver and significantly suppressed the mRNA levels of NOX1, p67phox, gp91phox, and CYP2E1. Additionally, AEPS significantly increased the mRNA and protein levels of Nrf2 and its downstream antioxidant genes and promoted the nuclear translocation of Nrf2 in mice liver. Therefore, AEPS can effectively reduce ethanol-induced liver injury via regulation of the Nrf2/ARE pathway. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Alcohol abuse and alcoholism have become a serious public health problem worldwide. Since liver is the major organ of alcohol metabolism, the most impactful damage of alcohol occurs in the liver. Polygonatum sibiricum is a traditional Chinese galenical and it also can be used as food ingredients. Most studies have reported that polysaccharide, flavonoids and saponins are the main bioactive compounds in Polygonatum sibiricum which play important roles in anti-oxidation. AEPS is the aqueous extract of Polygonatum sibiricum and AEPS can protect the mice liver against ethanol-induced oxidative damage. Thus it can be potential antioxidants to product hepatoprotective food and the study also provides a theoretical basis for the development and application of food about Polygonatum sibiricum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangjun Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Youwei Fu
- Department of Health Education, Anhui Suzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Suzhou Anhui, China
| | - Jiujiu Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yanni Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Qihong Zhao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Anla Hu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Chuande Xu
- Anhui Jingtian Food Co., Ltd., Chizhou, China
| | | | - Wenjun Chen
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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16
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Mak KM, Png CYM. The Hepatic Central Vein: Structure, Fibrosis, and Role in Liver Biology. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2019; 303:1747-1767. [PMID: 31581357 DOI: 10.1002/ar.24273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2019] [Revised: 08/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The hepatic central vein is a primary source of Wnt2, Wnt9b, and R-spondin3. These angiocrines activate ß-catenin signaling to regulate hepatic metabolic zonation and perivenous gene expression in mice. Little is known about the central vein ultrastructure. Here, we describe the morphological-functional correlates of the central vein and its draining and branching patterns. Central vein fibrosis occurs in liver disease and is often accompanied by perivenous perisinusoidal fibrosis, which may affect perivenous gene expression. We review the biological properties of perivenous hepatocytes and glutamine synthetase that serve as a biomarker of perivenous hepatocytes. Glutamine synthetase and P4502E1 are indicators of ß-catenin activity in centrilobular liver injury and regeneration. The Wnt/ß-catenin pathway is the master regulator of hepatic metabolic zonation and perivenous gene expression and is modulated by the R-spondin-LGR4/5-ZNRF3/RNF43 module. We examined the structures of the molecules of these pathways and their involvements in liver biology. Central vein-derived Wnts and R-spondin3 participate in the cellular-molecular circuitry of the Wnt/ß-catenin and R-spondin-LGR4/5-ZNRF3/RNF43 module. The transport and secretion of lipidated Wnts in Wnt-producing cells require Wntless protein. Secreted Wnts are carried on exosomes in the extracellular matrix to responder cells. The modes of release of Wnts and R-spondin3 from central veins and their transit in the venular wall toward perivenous hepatocytes are unknown. We hypothesize that central vein fibrosis may impact perivenous gene expression. The proposal that the central vein constitutes an anatomical niche of perivenous stem cells that subserve homeostatic hepatic renewal still needs studies using additional mouse models for validation. Anat Rec, 2019. © 2019 American Association for Anatomy Anat Rec, 303:1747-1767, 2020. © 2019 American Association for Anatomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki M Mak
- Department of Medical Education and Center for Anatomy and Functional Morphology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - C Y Maximilian Png
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
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Lee DH, Park MH, Hwang CJ, Kim Y, Hwang DY, Han SB, Hong JT. Parkin deficiency prevents chronic ethanol-induced hepatic lipid accumulation through β-catenin accumulation. Cell Commun Signal 2019; 17:104. [PMID: 31438968 PMCID: PMC6704582 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-019-0424-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Alcohol abuse and alcoholism lead to alcohol liver disease such as alcoholic fatty liver. Parkin is a component of the multiprotein E3 ubiquitin ligase complex and is associated with hepatic lipid accumulation. However, the role of parkin in ethanol-induced liver disease has not been reported. Here, we tested the effect of parkin on ethanol-induced fatty liver in parkin knockout (KO) mice with chronic ethanol feeding. Methods Male wild type (WT) and parkin KO mice (10–12 weeks old, n = 10) were fed on a Lieber-DeCarli diet containing 6.6% ethanol for 10 days. Liver histological, biochemical, and gene-expression studies were performed. Results Parkin KO mice exhibited lower hepatosteatosis after ethanol consumption. Because several studies reported that β-catenin is a critical factor in ethanol metabolism and protects against alcohol-induced hepatosteatosis, we investigated whether parkin changes β-catenin accumulation in the liver of ethanol-fed mice. Our results show that β-catenin was greatly accumulated in the livers of ethanol-fed parkin KO mice compared to ethanol-fed WT mice, and that parkin binds to β-catenin and promotes its degradation it by ubiquitination. Moreover, the β-catenin inhibitor IWR-1 abrogated the attenuation of ethanol-induced hepatic lipid accumulation by parkin deficiency in the livers of parkin KO mice and parkin siRNA-transfected human hepatic cell line. Conclusions Parkin deficiency prevents ethanol-induced hepatic lipid accumulation through promotion of β-catenin signaling by failure of β-catenin degradation. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12964-019-0424-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Hun Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, 194-31 Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro, Osong-eup, Heungduk-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 28160, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Hee Park
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, 194-31 Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro, Osong-eup, Heungduk-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 28160, Republic of Korea
| | - Chul Ju Hwang
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, 194-31 Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro, Osong-eup, Heungduk-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 28160, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngsoo Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, 194-31 Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro, Osong-eup, Heungduk-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 28160, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Yeon Hwang
- Department of Biomaterial Science, Pusan National University, 2, Busandaehak-ro 63beon-gil, Geumjeong-gu, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Bae Han
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, 194-31 Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro, Osong-eup, Heungduk-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 28160, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Tae Hong
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, 194-31 Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro, Osong-eup, Heungduk-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 28160, Republic of Korea.
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Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling in Liver Cancers. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11070926. [PMID: 31269694 PMCID: PMC6679127 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11070926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 227] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Revised: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver cancer is among the leading global healthcare issues associated with high morbidity and mortality. Liver cancer consists of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), hepatoblastoma (HB), and several other rare tumors. Progression has been witnessed in understanding the interactions between etiological as well as environmental factors and the host in the development of liver cancers. However, the pathogenesis remains poorly understood, hampering the design of rational strategies aiding in preventing liver cancers. Accumulating evidence demonstrates that aberrant activation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway plays an important role in the initiation and progression of HCC, CCA, and HB. Targeting Wnt/β-catenin signaling potentiates a novel avenue for liver cancer treatment, which may benefit from the development of numerous small-molecule inhibitors and biologic agents in this field. In this review, we discuss the interaction between various etiological factors and components of Wnt/β-catenin signaling early in the precancerous lesion and the acquired mechanisms to further enhance Wnt/β-catenin signaling to promote robust cancer formation at later stages. Additionally, we shed light on current relevant inhibitors tested in liver cancers and provide future perspectives for preclinical and clinical liver cancer studies.
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Abstract
The canonical Wnt-β-catenin pathway is a complex, evolutionarily conserved signalling mechanism that regulates fundamental physiological and pathological processes. Wnt-β-catenin signalling tightly controls embryogenesis, including hepatobiliary development, maturation and zonation. In the mature healthy liver, the Wnt-β-catenin pathway is mostly inactive but can become re-activated during cell renewal and/or regenerative processes, as well as in certain pathological conditions, diseases, pre-malignant conditions and cancer. In hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), the two most prevalent primary liver tumours in adults, Wnt-β-catenin signalling is frequently hyperactivated and promotes tumour growth and dissemination. A substantial proportion of liver tumours (mainly HCC and, to a lesser extent, CCA) have mutations in genes encoding key components of the Wnt-β-catenin signalling pathway. Likewise, hepatoblastoma, the most common paediatric liver cancer, is characterized by Wnt-β-catenin activation, mostly as a result of β-catenin mutations. In this Review, we discuss the most relevant molecular mechanisms of action and regulation of Wnt-β-catenin signalling in liver development and pathophysiology. Moreover, we highlight important preclinical and clinical studies and future directions in basic and clinical research.
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Metabolic network-based stratification of hepatocellular carcinoma reveals three distinct tumor subtypes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:E11874-E11883. [PMID: 30482855 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1807305115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most frequent forms of liver cancer, and effective treatment methods are limited due to tumor heterogeneity. There is a great need for comprehensive approaches to stratify HCC patients, gain biological insights into subtypes, and ultimately identify effective therapeutic targets. We stratified HCC patients and characterized each subtype using transcriptomics data, genome-scale metabolic networks and network topology/controllability analysis. This comprehensive systems-level analysis identified three distinct subtypes with substantial differences in metabolic and signaling pathways reflecting at genomic, transcriptomic, and proteomic levels. These subtypes showed large differences in clinical survival associated with altered kynurenine metabolism, WNT/β-catenin-associated lipid metabolism, and PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling. Integrative analyses indicated that the three subtypes rely on alternative enzymes (e.g., ACSS1/ACSS2/ACSS3, PKM/PKLR, ALDOB/ALDOA, MTHFD1L/MTHFD2/MTHFD1) to catalyze the same reactions. Based on systems-level analysis, we identified 8 to 28 subtype-specific genes with pivotal roles in controlling the metabolic network and predicted that these genes may be targeted for development of treatment strategies for HCC subtypes by performing in silico analysis. To validate our predictions, we performed experiments using HepG2 cells under normoxic and hypoxic conditions and observed opposite expression patterns between genes expressed in high/moderate/low-survival tumor groups in response to hypoxia, reflecting activated hypoxic behavior in patients with poor survival. In conclusion, our analyses showed that the heterogeneous HCC tumors can be stratified using a metabolic network-driven approach, which may also be applied to other cancer types, and this stratification may have clinical implications to drive the development of precision medicine.
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di Bello G, Vendemiale G, Bellanti F. Redox cell signaling and hepatic progenitor cells. Eur J Cell Biol 2018; 97:546-556. [PMID: 30278988 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2018.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Revised: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatic diseases are widespread in the world and organ transplantation is currently the only treatment for liver failure. New cell-based approaches have been considered, since stem cells may represent a possible source to treat liver diseases. Acute and chronic liver diseases are characterized by high production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, with consequent oxidative modifications of cellular macromolecules and alteration of signaling pathways, metabolism and cell cycle. Although considered harmful molecules, reactive species are involved in cell growth and differentiation processes, modulating the activity of transcription factors, which take part in stemness/proliferation. It is conceivable that redox balance may regulate the development of hepatic progenitor cells, function and survival in synchrony with metabolism during chronic liver diseases. This review aims to summarize diverse redox-sensitive signaling pathways involved in stem cell fate, highlighting the important role of hepatic progenitor cells as a possible source to treat end-stage liver disease for organ regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia di Bello
- Centre for Experimental and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Internal Medicine, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Italy
| | - Gianluigi Vendemiale
- Centre for Experimental and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Internal Medicine, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Italy
| | - Francesco Bellanti
- Centre for Experimental and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Internal Medicine, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Italy.
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22
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Leibing T, Géraud C, Augustin I, Boutros M, Augustin HG, Okun JG, Langhans C, Zierow J, Wohlfeil SA, Olsavszky V, Schledzewski K, Goerdt S, Koch P. Angiocrine Wnt signaling controls liver growth and metabolic maturation in mice. Hepatology 2018; 68:707-722. [PMID: 29059455 PMCID: PMC6099291 DOI: 10.1002/hep.29613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Revised: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Postnatal liver development is characterized by hepatocyte growth, proliferation, and functional maturation. Notably, canonical Wnt signaling in hepatocytes has been identified as an important regulator of final adult liver size and metabolic liver zonation. The cellular origin of Wnt ligands responsible for homeostatic liver/body weight ratio (LW/BW) remained unclear, which was also attributable to a lack of suitable endothelial Cre driver mice. To comprehensively analyze the effects of hepatic angiocrine Wnt signaling on liver development and metabolic functions, we used endothelial subtype-specific Stab2-Cre driver mice to delete Wls from hepatic endothelial cells (HECs). The resultant Stab2-Cretg/wt ;Wlsfl/fl (Wls-HECKO) mice were viable, but showed a significantly reduced LW/BW. Specifically, ablation of angiocrine Wnt signaling impaired metabolic zonation in the liver, as shown by loss of pericentral, β-catenin-dependent target genes such as glutamine synthase (Glul), RhBg, Axin2, and cytochrome P450 2E1, as well as by extended expression of periportal genes such as arginase 1. Furthermore, endothelial subtype-specific expression of a c-terminally YFP-tagged Wls fusion protein in Wls-HECKO mice (Stab2-Cretg/wt ;Wlsfl/fl ;Rosa26:Wls-YFPfl/wt [Wls-rescue]) restored metabolic liver zonation. Interestingly, lipid metabolism was altered in Wls-HECKO mice exhibiting significantly reduced plasma cholesterol levels, while maintaining normal plasma triglyceride and blood glucose concentrations. On the contrary, zonal expression of Endomucin, LYVE1, and other markers of HEC heterogeneity were not altered in Wls-HECKO livers. CONCLUSION Angiocrine Wnt signaling controls liver growth as well as development of metabolic liver zonation in mice, whereas intrahepatic HEC zonation is not affected. (Hepatology 2017).
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Leibing
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology, and AllergologyUniversity Medical Center and Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, and Center of Excellence in DermatologyMannheimGermany
| | - Cyrill Géraud
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology, and AllergologyUniversity Medical Center and Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, and Center of Excellence in DermatologyMannheimGermany
| | - Iris Augustin
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Division of Signaling and Functional Genomics and Heidelberg University, Faculty of Medicine Mannheim, Department of Cell and Molecular BiologyHeidelbergGermany,Molecular Cell Biology and Plant Cell TechnologyUniversity of Applied Sciences Weihenstephan‐TriesdorfFreisingGermany
| | - Michael Boutros
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Division of Signaling and Functional Genomics and Heidelberg University, Faculty of Medicine Mannheim, Department of Cell and Molecular BiologyHeidelbergGermany
| | - Hellmut G. Augustin
- Division of Vascular Oncology and Metastasis (DKFZ‐ZMBH Alliance)DKFZHeidelbergGermany,Department of Vascular Biology and Tumor Angiogenesis (CBTM), Medical Faculty MannheimHeidelberg UniversityMannheimGermany
| | - Jürgen G. Okun
- Department of General Pediatrics, Division of Inherited Metabolic DiseasesUniversity Children's HospitalHeidelbergGermany
| | - Claus‐Dieter Langhans
- Department of General Pediatrics, Division of Inherited Metabolic DiseasesUniversity Children's HospitalHeidelbergGermany
| | - Johanna Zierow
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology, and AllergologyUniversity Medical Center and Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, and Center of Excellence in DermatologyMannheimGermany
| | - Sebastian A. Wohlfeil
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology, and AllergologyUniversity Medical Center and Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, and Center of Excellence in DermatologyMannheimGermany
| | - Victor Olsavszky
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology, and AllergologyUniversity Medical Center and Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, and Center of Excellence in DermatologyMannheimGermany
| | - Kai Schledzewski
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology, and AllergologyUniversity Medical Center and Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, and Center of Excellence in DermatologyMannheimGermany
| | - Sergij Goerdt
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology, and AllergologyUniversity Medical Center and Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, and Center of Excellence in DermatologyMannheimGermany,European Center for AngioscienceMedical Faculty Mannheim, University of HeidelbergMannheimGermany
| | - Philipp‐Sebastian Koch
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology, and AllergologyUniversity Medical Center and Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, and Center of Excellence in DermatologyMannheimGermany
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23
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Salvianolic acid A alleviates chronic ethanol-induced liver injury via promotion of β-catenin nuclear accumulation by restoring SIRT1 in rats. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2018; 350:21-31. [PMID: 29729281 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2018.04.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2017] [Revised: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, alcoholic liver disease (ALD) has emerged as a growing public health problem worldwide. β-catenin plays an important role in the growth, development, regeneration and metabolic activity of the liver. Salvianolic acid A (SalA) is a water-soluble component from the root extract of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge, and its effect on ALD has not yet been investigated. This study aimed to investigate the effect of SalA on chronic alcohol-induced liver injury and to explore the role of SIRT1-mediated β-catenin deacetylation in such an effect. In this study, SalA treatment significantly alleviated the accumulation of lipid droplets and reduced the plasma alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), alcohol and ammonia levels in rats. SalA enhanced ethanol and ammonia metabolism and maintained mitochondrial homeostasis. Moreover, SalA restored the activity of the major ethanol-metabolizing enzymes and oxidative stress functions in the liver. Importantly, we found that SalA treatment effectively inhibited the ethanol-mediated decrease in nuclear β-catenin by upregulating SIRT1 in the liver. SIRT1 then deacetylated β-catenin to promote its accumulation in the nucleus, thereby preventing alcohol-induced liver injury. The results demonstrate that the SIRT1/β-catenin pathway is a key therapeutic target in liver injury caused by chronic alcohol exposure and that SalA protects against alcohol-induced liver injury via the SIRT1-mediated deacetylation of β-catenin.
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24
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Lemberger UJ, Fuchs CD, Karer M, Haas S, Stojakovic T, Schöfer C, Marschall HU, Wrba F, Taketo MM, Egger G, Trauner M, Österreicher CH. Hepatocyte specific expression of an oncogenic variant of β-catenin results in cholestatic liver disease. Oncotarget 2018; 7:86985-86998. [PMID: 27895309 PMCID: PMC5349966 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway plays a crucial role in embryonic development, tissue homeostasis, wound healing and malignant transformation in different organs including the liver. The consequences of continuous β-catenin signaling in hepatocytes remain elusive. RESULTS Livers of Ctnnb1CA hep mice were characterized by disturbed liver architecture, proliferating cholangiocytes and biliary type of fibrosis. Serum ALT and bile acid levels were significantly increased in Ctnnb1CA hep mice. The primary bile acid synthesis enzyme Cyp7a1 was increased whereas Cyp27 and Cyp8b1 were reduced in Ctnnb1CA hep mice. Expression of compensatory bile acid transporters including Abcb1, Abcb4, Abcc2 and Abcc4 were significantly increased in Ctnnb1CA hep mice while Ntcp was reduced. Accompanying changes of bile acid transporters favoring excretion of bile acids were observed in intestine and kidneys of Ctnnb1CA hep mice. Additionally, disturbed bile acid regulation through the FXR-FGF15-FGFR4 pathway was observed in mice with activated β-catenin. MATERIALS AND METHODS Mice with a loxP-flanked exon 3 of the Ctnnb1 gene were crossed to Albumin-Cre mice to obtain mice with hepatocyte-specific expression of a dominant stable form of β-catenin (Ctnnb1CA hep mice). Ctnnb1CA hep mice were analyzed by histology, serum biochemistry and mRNA profiling. CONCLUSIONS Expression of a dominant stable form of β-catenin in hepatocytes results in severe cholestasis and biliary type fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ursula J Lemberger
- Institute of Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Clinical Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Hans Popper Laboratory for Molecular Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Claudia D Fuchs
- Hans Popper Laboratory for Molecular Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Matthias Karer
- Institute of Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefanie Haas
- Institute of Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Tatjana Stojakovic
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Christian Schöfer
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Hanns-Ulrich Marschall
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Fritz Wrba
- Clinical Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Makoto M Taketo
- Division of Experimental Therapeutics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Gerda Egger
- Clinical Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Trauner
- Hans Popper Laboratory for Molecular Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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25
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Lemberger UJ, Fuchs CD, Schöfer C, Bileck A, Gerner C, Stojakovic T, Taketo MM, Trauner M, Egger G, Österreicher CH. Hepatocyte specific expression of an oncogenic variant of β-catenin results in lethal metabolic dysfunction in mice. Oncotarget 2018. [PMID: 29541410 PMCID: PMC5834276 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Wnt/β-catenin signaling plays a crucial role in embryogenesis, tissue homeostasis, metabolism and malignant transformation of different organs including the liver. Continuous β-catenin signaling due to somatic mutations in exon 3 of the Ctnnb1 gene is associated with different liver diseases including cancer and cholestasis. Results Expression of a degradation resistant form of β-catenin in hepatocytes resulted in 100% mortality within 31 days after birth. Ctnnb1CAhep mice were characterized by reduced body weight, significantly enlarged livers with hepatocellular fat accumulation around central veins and increased hepatic triglyceride content. Proteomics analysis using whole liver tissue revealed significant deregulation of proteins involved in fat, glucose and mitochondrial energy metabolism, which was also reflected in morphological anomalies of hepatocellular mitochondria. Key enzymes involved in transport and synthesis of fatty acids and cholesterol were significantly deregulated in livers of Ctnnb1CAhep mice. Furthermore, carbohydrate metabolism was substantially disturbed in mutant mice. Conclusion Continuous β-catenin signaling in hepatocytes results in premature death due to severe disturbances of liver associated metabolic pathways and mitochondrial dysfunction. Methods To investigate the influence of permanent β-catenin signaling on liver biology we analyzed mice with hepatocyte specific expression of a dominant stable form of β-catenin (Ctnnb1CAhep) and their WT littermates by serum biochemistry, histology, electron microscopy, mRNA profiling and proteomic analysis of the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ursula J Lemberger
- Clinical Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Hans Popper Laboratory for Molecular Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Claudia D Fuchs
- Hans Popper Laboratory for Molecular Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian Schöfer
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andrea Bileck
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christopher Gerner
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Tatjana Stojakovic
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Makoto M Taketo
- Division of Experimental Therapeutics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Michael Trauner
- Hans Popper Laboratory for Molecular Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gerda Egger
- Clinical Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Ludwig Boltzmann Institute Applied Diagnostics, Vienna, Austria
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26
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Schisandra sphenanthera extract (Wuzhi Tablet) protects against chronic-binge and acute alcohol-induced liver injury by regulating the NRF2-ARE pathway in mice. Acta Pharm Sin B 2017; 7:583-592. [PMID: 28924552 PMCID: PMC5595297 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2017.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2017] [Revised: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Alcohol abuse leads to alcoholic liver disease and no effective therapy is currently available. Wuzhi Tablet (WZ), a preparation of extract from Schisandra sphenanthera that is a traditional hepato-protective herb, exerted a significant protective effect against acetaminophen-induced liver injury in our recent studies, but whether WZ can alleviate alcohol-induced toxicity remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the contribution of WZ to alcohol-induced liver injury by using chronic-binge and acute models of alcohol feeding. The activities of ALT and AST in serum were assessed as well as the level of GSH and the activity of SOD in the liver. The expression of CYP2E1 and proteins in the NRF2-ARE signaling pathway including NRF2, GCLC, GCLM, HO-1 were measured, and the effect of WZ on NRF2 transcriptional activity was determined. We found that both models resulted in liver steatosis accompanied by increased transaminase activities, but that liver injury was significantly attenuated by WZ. WZ administration also inhibited CYP2E1 expression induced by alcohol, and elevated the level of GSH and the activity of SOD in the liver. Moreover, the NRF2-ARE signaling pathway was activated by WZ and the target genes were all upregulated. Furthermore, WZ significantly activated NRF2 transcriptional activity. Collectively, our study demonstrates that WZ protected against alcohol-induced liver injury by reducing oxidative stress and improving antioxidant defense, possibly by activating the NRF2-ARE pathway.
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Key Words
- ALD, alcoholic liver disease
- ALT, alanine aminotransferase
- ARE, antioxidant response element
- AST, aspartate aminotransferase
- Alcoholic liver injury
- CYP2E1, cytochrome P450 2E1 enzyme
- EtOH, ethanol
- GCLC, glutamate–cysteine ligase catalytic subunit
- GCLM, glutamate–cysteine ligase modifier subunit
- GSH, glutathione
- H&E, hematoxylin and eosin
- HO-1, heme oxygenase-1
- NRF2, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2
- NRF2-ARE
- Oxidative stress
- SOD, superoxide dismutase
- Schisandra sphenanthera
- WZ, Wuzhi Tablet.
- Wuzhi Tablet
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27
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Shen Z, Zhou Z, Gao S, Guo Y, Gao K, Wang H, Dang X. Melatonin Inhibits Neural Cell Apoptosis and Promotes Locomotor Recovery via Activation of the Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling Pathway After Spinal Cord Injury. Neurochem Res 2017; 42:2336-2343. [PMID: 28417262 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-017-2251-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2016] [Revised: 02/26/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The spinal cord is highly sensitive to spinal cord injury (SCI) by external mechanical damage, resulting in irreversible neurological damage. Activation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway can effectively reduce apoptosis and protect against SCI. Melatonin, an indoleamine originally isolated from bovine pineal tissue, exerts neuroprotective effects after SCI through activation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. In this study, we demonstrated that melatonin exhibited neuroprotective effects on neuronal apoptosis and supported functional recovery in a rat SCI model by activating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. We found that melatonin administration after SCI significantly upregulated the expression of low-density lipoprotein receptor related protein 6 phosphorylation (p-LRP-6), lymphoid enhancer factor-1 (LEF-1) and β-catenin protein in the spinal cord. Melatonin enhanced motor neuronal survival in the spinal cord ventral horn and improved the locomotor functions of rats after SCI. Melatonin administration after SCI also reduced the expression levels of Bax and cleaved caspase-3 in the spinal cord and the proportion of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate nick end labeling (TUNEL) positive cells, but increased the expression level of Bcl-2. These results suggest that melatonin attenuated SCI by activating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoliang Shen
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University (Xibei Hospital), Xi'an, China.,Department of Orthopedics, Second Hospital of Jinzhou, Jinzhou, China.,Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Zipeng Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Shuang Gao
- Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Yue Guo
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Kai Gao
- Department of Orthopedics, Jining NO.1 People's Hospital, Jining, China
| | - Haoyu Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University (Xibei Hospital), Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaoqian Dang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University (Xibei Hospital), Xi'an, China.
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28
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Urvalek AM, Osei-Sarfo K, Tang XH, Zhang T, Scognamiglio T, Gudas LJ. Identification of Ethanol and 4-Nitroquinoline-1-Oxide Induced Epigenetic and Oxidative Stress Markers During Oral Cavity Carcinogenesis. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2016. [PMID: 26207766 DOI: 10.1111/acer.12772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a cancer that is characterized by its high morbidity and mortality rates. While tobacco use and alcohol consumption are 2 major contributing factors for HNSCC carcinogenesis, how the combination of tobacco and alcohol increases HNSCC risk is not understood. METHODS We combined the 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide (4-NQO) oral carcinogenesis and Meadows-Cook alcohol mouse models to elucidate the molecular events and to identify the novel biomarkers associated with oral cancer development. RESULTS By genome-wide RNA-seq of tongue samples (3 mice per group), we identified changes in transcripts that mediate alcohol metabolism and oxidative stress (Aldh2, Aldh1a3, Adh1, Adh7, and Cyp2a5) in mice treated with 4-NQO followed by ethanol (4-NQO/EtOH) as compared to the vehicle control/untreated (V.C./Untr.) samples. We measured major, global increases in specific histone acetylation and methylation epigenetic marks (H3K27ac, H3K9/14ac, H3K27me3, and H3K9me3) in the oral cavities of V.C./EtOH, 4-NQO/Untr., and 4-NQO/EtOH treatment groups compared to the V.C./Untr. group. We detected changes in histone epigenetic marks near regulatory regions of genes involved in ethanol metabolism by chromatin immunoprecipitation. For instance, the Aldh2 promoter showed increased H3K27me3 marks, and Aldh2 mRNA levels were reduced by 10-fold in 4NQO/EtOH versus V.C./Untr. tongue samples. 4-NQO/EtOH treatment also caused increases in markers of oxidative stress, including 4-HNE, MCT4/SLC16a3, and TOM20, as measured by immunohistochemistry. CONCLUSIONS We delineate a mechanism by which 4-NQO and ethanol can regulate gene expression during the development of HNSCC and suggest that histone epigenetic marks and oxidative stress markers could be the novel biomarkers and targets for the prevention of HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison M Urvalek
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Kwame Osei-Sarfo
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Xiao-Han Tang
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Tuo Zhang
- Genomics Resources Core Facility, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | | | - Lorraine J Gudas
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
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29
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Ma Y, Lv X, He J, Liu T, Wen S, Wang L. Wnt agonist stimulates liver regeneration after small-for-size liver transplantation in rats. Hepatol Res 2016; 46:E154-64. [PMID: 26176339 DOI: 10.1111/hepr.12553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2015] [Revised: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
AIM Liver regeneration is inhibited in small-for-size grafts, which plays a role in the failure of partial liver grafts after transplantation. The Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway plays a critical role in liver development, regeneration and homeostasis. In this study, we investigated whether pharmacological activation of Wnt signaling improves liver regeneration after small-for-size liver transplantation. METHODS The livers of male Sprague-Dawley rats were reduced to approximately 50% and 30% of their original sizes and transplanted. A Wnt agonist (2-amino-4-[3,4-[methylenedioxy]benzylamino]-6-[3-methoxyphenyl] pyrimidine], 5 mg/kg bodyweight) or an equal volume of vehicle was administrated i.p. into the donor 1 h before the transplantation. Tissue and blood samples were collected at various times after transplantation, and a survival study was performed. RESULTS Hepatic expression of active β-catenin and its downstream target gene Axin2 were decreased in 30% of liver grafts after transplantation while the Wnt agonist increased their expression similar to the 50% liver grafts. The Wnt agonist reversed inhibition of cyclin D1 expression and adenosine triphosphate production in the 30% liver grafts compared with the 50% grafts. The Wnt agonist also attenuated hepatocellular injury and increased the hepatocyte proliferation response, liver regeneration rate and survival after transplantation of the 30% liver graft. CONCLUSION Activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in liver grafts by pharmacological pretreatment can accelerate regeneration in a partial liver transplant model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuefeng Ma
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, China.,Organ Transplantation Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xiangwei Lv
- Organ Transplantation Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Jinjing He
- Organ Transplantation Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Tianqing Liu
- Department of Pathology, Friendship Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Shuang Wen
- Department of Pathology, Friendship Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Liming Wang
- Organ Transplantation Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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30
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Popov VB, Jornayvaz FR, Akgul EO, Kanda S, Jurczak MJ, Zhang D, Abudukadier A, Majumdar SK, Guigni B, Petersen KF, Manchem VP, Bhanot S, Shulman GI, Samuel VT. Second-generation antisense oligonucleotides against β-catenin protect mice against diet-induced hepatic steatosis and hepatic and peripheral insulin resistance. FASEB J 2015; 30:1207-17. [PMID: 26644352 DOI: 10.1096/fj.15-271999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Although mutations in the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway are linked with the metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes in humans, the mechanism is unclear. High-fat-fed male C57BL/6 mice were treated for 4 wk with a 2'-O-methoxyethyl chimeric antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) to decrease hepatic and adipose expression of β-catenin. β-Catenin mRNA decreased by ≈80% in the liver and by 70% in white adipose tissue relative to control ASO-treated mice. β-Catenin ASO improved hepatic insulin sensitivity and increased insulin-stimulated whole body glucose metabolism, as assessed during hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp in awake mice. β-Catenin ASO altered hepatic lipid composition in high-fat-fed mice. There were reductions in hepatic triglyceride (44%, P < 0.05) and diacylglycerol content (60%, P < 0.01) but a 30% increase in ceramide content (P < 0.001). The altered lipid content was attributed to decreased expression of sn-1,2 diacylglycerol acyltransferase and mitochondrial acyl-CoA:glycerol-sn-3-phosphate acyltransferase and an increase in serine palmitoyl transferase. The decrease in cellular diacyglycerol was associated with a 33% decrease in PKCε activation (P < 0.05) and 64% increase in Akt2 phosphorylation (P < 0.05). In summary, Reducing β-catenin expression decreases expression of enzymes involved in hepatic fatty acid esterification, ameliorates hepatic steatosis and lipid-induced insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Violeta B Popov
- *Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA; West Haven Veterans Affairs Medical Center, West Haven, Connecticut, USA; and ISIS Pharmaceuticals, Carlsbad, California, USA
| | - Francois R Jornayvaz
- *Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA; West Haven Veterans Affairs Medical Center, West Haven, Connecticut, USA; and ISIS Pharmaceuticals, Carlsbad, California, USA
| | - Emin O Akgul
- *Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA; West Haven Veterans Affairs Medical Center, West Haven, Connecticut, USA; and ISIS Pharmaceuticals, Carlsbad, California, USA
| | - Shoichi Kanda
- *Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA; West Haven Veterans Affairs Medical Center, West Haven, Connecticut, USA; and ISIS Pharmaceuticals, Carlsbad, California, USA
| | - Michael J Jurczak
- *Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA; West Haven Veterans Affairs Medical Center, West Haven, Connecticut, USA; and ISIS Pharmaceuticals, Carlsbad, California, USA
| | - Dongyan Zhang
- *Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA; West Haven Veterans Affairs Medical Center, West Haven, Connecticut, USA; and ISIS Pharmaceuticals, Carlsbad, California, USA
| | - Abulizi Abudukadier
- *Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA; West Haven Veterans Affairs Medical Center, West Haven, Connecticut, USA; and ISIS Pharmaceuticals, Carlsbad, California, USA
| | - Sachin K Majumdar
- *Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA; West Haven Veterans Affairs Medical Center, West Haven, Connecticut, USA; and ISIS Pharmaceuticals, Carlsbad, California, USA
| | - Blas Guigni
- *Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA; West Haven Veterans Affairs Medical Center, West Haven, Connecticut, USA; and ISIS Pharmaceuticals, Carlsbad, California, USA
| | - Kitt Falk Petersen
- *Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA; West Haven Veterans Affairs Medical Center, West Haven, Connecticut, USA; and ISIS Pharmaceuticals, Carlsbad, California, USA
| | - Vara Prasad Manchem
- *Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA; West Haven Veterans Affairs Medical Center, West Haven, Connecticut, USA; and ISIS Pharmaceuticals, Carlsbad, California, USA
| | - Sanjay Bhanot
- *Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA; West Haven Veterans Affairs Medical Center, West Haven, Connecticut, USA; and ISIS Pharmaceuticals, Carlsbad, California, USA
| | - Gerald I Shulman
- *Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA; West Haven Veterans Affairs Medical Center, West Haven, Connecticut, USA; and ISIS Pharmaceuticals, Carlsbad, California, USA
| | - Varman T Samuel
- *Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA; West Haven Veterans Affairs Medical Center, West Haven, Connecticut, USA; and ISIS Pharmaceuticals, Carlsbad, California, USA
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CYP2E1- and TNFalpha/LPS-Induced Oxidative Stress and MAPK Signaling Pathways in Alcoholic Liver Disease. CURRENT PATHOBIOLOGY REPORTS 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s40139-015-0092-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Excessive bile acid activated NF-kappa B and promoted the development of alcoholic steatohepatitis in farnesoid X receptor deficient mice. Biochimie 2015; 115:86-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2015.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2014] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Huang CK, Yu T, de la Monte SM, Wands JR, Derdak Z, Kim M. Restoration of Wnt/β-catenin signaling attenuates alcoholic liver disease progression in a rat model. J Hepatol 2015; 63:191-8. [PMID: 25724365 PMCID: PMC4475483 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2015.02.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2014] [Revised: 01/14/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is characterized by the development of fatty liver, alcoholic hepatitis, fibrosis and cirrhosis. However, the underlying mechanism(s) associated with progression remains elusive. Pro-inflammatory cytokines have been implicated in ALD progression due to pro-apoptotic effects on hepatocytes. Wnt/β-catenin signaling recently has been shown to promote inflammation and apoptosis, suggesting that activation of this signaling pathway may modulate ALD progression. The current study was designed to test whether pharmacological activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling altered ALD development and progression in a rat model. METHODS Adult male Long Evans rats were fed with isocaloric liquid diets containing 0% or 37% ethanol for 8 weeks, and also treated with Wnt agonist during the last 3 weeks of the feeding regimen. Liver and blood samples were subjected to histology, TUNEL assay, immunoblot analysis, real-time quantitative PCR, and alanine transaminase (ALT) assay. RESULTS Wnt/β-catenin signaling was negatively correlated with Foxo3A expression and reduced steatosis, cellular injury and apoptosis in ALD rats. Mutation experiments demonstrated that Foxo3A was critical for modulating these effects. Activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling suppressed Foxo3A-induced apoptosis through upregulation of serum/glucocorticoid regulated kinase 1 (SGK1). Moreover, pharmacological restoration of Wnt/β-catenin signaling reduced ALD progression in vivo. CONCLUSIONS Wnt/β-catenin signaling plays a protective role in ALD progression via antagonizing Foxo3A-induced apoptosis, and activation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling cascade attenuates ALD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiung-Kuei Huang
- Liver Research Center, Division of Gastroenterology, Rhode Island Hospital and The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA
| | - Tunan Yu
- Liver Research Center, Division of Gastroenterology, Rhode Island Hospital and The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA
| | - Suzanne M de la Monte
- Departments of Medicine and Pathology, Rhode Island Hospital and The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA
| | - Jack R Wands
- Liver Research Center, Division of Gastroenterology, Rhode Island Hospital and The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA
| | - Zoltan Derdak
- Liver Research Center, Division of Gastroenterology, Rhode Island Hospital and The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA
| | - Miran Kim
- Liver Research Center, Division of Gastroenterology, Rhode Island Hospital and The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA.
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Jeong JK, Lee JH, Moon JH, Lee YJ, Park SY. Melatonin-mediated β-catenin activation protects neuron cells against prion protein-induced neurotoxicity. J Pineal Res 2014; 57:427-34. [PMID: 25251028 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2014] [Accepted: 09/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Activation of β-catenin in neurons regulates mitochondrial function and protects against protein misfolding disorders, including Alzheimer's disease and Huntington's disease. Melatonin, a natural secretory product of the pineal gland, exerts neuroprotective effects through the activation of β-catenin. In this study, melatonin increased β-catenin protein expression and activation in human neuroblastoma cell lines SH-SY5Y cells. Melatonin also inhibited PrP (106-126)-induced neurotoxicity and the inhibition attenuated by treatment of β-catenin inhibitor ICG-001. Activation of β-catenin blocked PrP (106-126)-mediated downregulation of anti-apoptotic protein survivin and Bcl-2. Reduction of mitochondrial membrane potential, translocation of Bax, and cytochrome c release which induced by PrP (106-126) treatment were inhibited by β-catenin activation, which contributed to prevented PrP (106-126)-induced neuronal cell death. In conclusion, β-catenin activation by melatonin prevented PrP (106-126)-induced neuronal cell death through regulating anti-apoptotic proteins and mitochondrial pathways. These results also suggest the therapeutic value of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in prion-related disorders as influenced by melatonin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Kyo Jeong
- Bio-Safety Research Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, South Korea
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Behari J, Li H, Liu S, Stefanovic-Racic M, Alonso L, O'Donnell CP, Shiva S, Singamsetty S, Watanabe Y, Singh VP, Liu Q. β-catenin links hepatic metabolic zonation with lipid metabolism and diet-induced obesity in mice. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2014; 184:3284-98. [PMID: 25300578 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2014.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2013] [Revised: 08/18/2014] [Accepted: 08/21/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
β-catenin regulates the establishment of hepatic metabolic zonation. To elucidate the functional significance of liver metabolic zonation in the chronically overfed state in vivo, we fed a high-fat diet (HFD) to hepatocyte-specific β-catenin transgenic (TG) and knockout (KO) mice. Chow-fed TG and KO mice had normal liver histologic findings and body weight. However, HFD-fed TG mice developed prominent perivenous steatosis with periportal sparing. In contrast, HFD-fed KO mice had increased lobular inflammation and hepatocyte apoptosis. HFD-fed TG mice rapidly developed diet-induced obesity and systemic insulin resistance, but KO mice were resistant to diet-induced obesity. However, β-catenin did not directly affect hepatic insulin signaling, suggesting that the metabolic effects of β-catenin occurred via a parallel pathway. Hepatic expression of key glycolytic and lipogenic genes was higher in HFD-fed TG and lower in KO mice compared with wild-type mice. KO mice also exhibited defective hepatic fatty acid oxidation and fasting ketogenesis. Hepatic levels of hypoxia inducible factor-1α, an oxygen-sensitive transcriptional regulator of glycolysis and a known β-catenin binding partner, were higher in HFD-fed TG and lower in KO mice. KO mice had attenuated perivenous hypoxia, suggesting disruption of the normal sinusoidal oxygen gradient, a major determinant of liver carbohydrate and liver metabolism. Canonical Wnt signaling in hepatocytes is essential for the development of diet-induced fatty liver and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaideep Behari
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
| | - Huanan Li
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Shiguang Liu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Maja Stefanovic-Racic
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Laura Alonso
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Christopher P O'Donnell
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Sruti Shiva
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Srikanth Singamsetty
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Yoshio Watanabe
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Vijay P Singh
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Qing Liu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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36
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Gerbal-Chaloin S, Dumé AS, Briolotti P, Klieber S, Raulet E, Duret C, Fabre JM, Ramos J, Maurel P, Daujat-Chavanieu M. The WNT/β-catenin pathway is a transcriptional regulator of CYP2E1, CYP1A2, and aryl hydrocarbon receptor gene expression in primary human hepatocytes. Mol Pharmacol 2014; 86:624-34. [PMID: 25228302 DOI: 10.1124/mol.114.094797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The wingless-type MMTV integration site family (WNT)/β-catenin/adenomatous polyposis coli (CTNNB1/APC) pathway has been identified as a regulator of drug-metabolizing enzymes in the rodent liver. Conversely, little is known about the role of this pathway in drug metabolism regulation in human liver. Primary human hepatocytes (PHHs), which are the most physiologically relevant culture system to study drug metabolism in vitro, were used to investigate this issue. This study assessed the link between cytochrome P450 expression and WNT/β-catenin pathway activity in PHHs by modulating its activity with recombinant mouse Wnt3a (the canonical activator), inhibitors of glycogen synthase kinase 3β, and small-interfering RNA to invalidate CTNNB1 or its repressor APC, used separately or in combination. We found that the WNT/β-catenin pathway can be activated in PHHs, as assessed by universal β-catenin target gene expression, leucine-rich repeat containing G protein-coupled receptor 5. Moreover, WNT/β-catenin pathway activation induces the expression of CYP2E1, CYP1A2, and aryl hydrocarbon receptor, but not of CYP3A4, hepatocyte nuclear factor-4α, or pregnane X receptor (PXR) in PHHs. Specifically, we show for the first time that CYP2E1 is transcriptionally regulated by the WNT/β-catenin pathway. Moreover, CYP2E1 induction was accompanied by an increase in its metabolic activity, as indicated by the increased production of 6-OH-chlorzoxazone and by glutathione depletion after incubation with high doses of acetaminophen. In conclusion, the WNT/β-catenin pathway is functional in PHHs, and its induction in PHHs represents a powerful tool to evaluate the hepatotoxicity of drugs that are metabolized by CYP2E1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Gerbal-Chaloin
- Institut de Recherche en Biothérapie, INSERM, U1040 (S.G.C., A.S.D., P.B., E.R., C.D., P.M., M.D.C.); UMR 1040, Université Montpellier 1 (S.G.C., A.S.D., P.B., E.R., C.D., P.M., M.D.C.); Drug Disposition Domain, Sanofi Aventis (S.K.); Department of Digestive Surgery, CHU Saint Eloi (J.M.F.); Pathological Anatomy Department, CHU Gui de Chauliac (J.R.); and Institut de Recherche en Biothérapie, CHU Montpellier, (M.D.C.), Montpellier, France
| | - Anne-Sophie Dumé
- Institut de Recherche en Biothérapie, INSERM, U1040 (S.G.C., A.S.D., P.B., E.R., C.D., P.M., M.D.C.); UMR 1040, Université Montpellier 1 (S.G.C., A.S.D., P.B., E.R., C.D., P.M., M.D.C.); Drug Disposition Domain, Sanofi Aventis (S.K.); Department of Digestive Surgery, CHU Saint Eloi (J.M.F.); Pathological Anatomy Department, CHU Gui de Chauliac (J.R.); and Institut de Recherche en Biothérapie, CHU Montpellier, (M.D.C.), Montpellier, France
| | - Philippe Briolotti
- Institut de Recherche en Biothérapie, INSERM, U1040 (S.G.C., A.S.D., P.B., E.R., C.D., P.M., M.D.C.); UMR 1040, Université Montpellier 1 (S.G.C., A.S.D., P.B., E.R., C.D., P.M., M.D.C.); Drug Disposition Domain, Sanofi Aventis (S.K.); Department of Digestive Surgery, CHU Saint Eloi (J.M.F.); Pathological Anatomy Department, CHU Gui de Chauliac (J.R.); and Institut de Recherche en Biothérapie, CHU Montpellier, (M.D.C.), Montpellier, France
| | - Sylvie Klieber
- Institut de Recherche en Biothérapie, INSERM, U1040 (S.G.C., A.S.D., P.B., E.R., C.D., P.M., M.D.C.); UMR 1040, Université Montpellier 1 (S.G.C., A.S.D., P.B., E.R., C.D., P.M., M.D.C.); Drug Disposition Domain, Sanofi Aventis (S.K.); Department of Digestive Surgery, CHU Saint Eloi (J.M.F.); Pathological Anatomy Department, CHU Gui de Chauliac (J.R.); and Institut de Recherche en Biothérapie, CHU Montpellier, (M.D.C.), Montpellier, France
| | - Edith Raulet
- Institut de Recherche en Biothérapie, INSERM, U1040 (S.G.C., A.S.D., P.B., E.R., C.D., P.M., M.D.C.); UMR 1040, Université Montpellier 1 (S.G.C., A.S.D., P.B., E.R., C.D., P.M., M.D.C.); Drug Disposition Domain, Sanofi Aventis (S.K.); Department of Digestive Surgery, CHU Saint Eloi (J.M.F.); Pathological Anatomy Department, CHU Gui de Chauliac (J.R.); and Institut de Recherche en Biothérapie, CHU Montpellier, (M.D.C.), Montpellier, France
| | - Cédric Duret
- Institut de Recherche en Biothérapie, INSERM, U1040 (S.G.C., A.S.D., P.B., E.R., C.D., P.M., M.D.C.); UMR 1040, Université Montpellier 1 (S.G.C., A.S.D., P.B., E.R., C.D., P.M., M.D.C.); Drug Disposition Domain, Sanofi Aventis (S.K.); Department of Digestive Surgery, CHU Saint Eloi (J.M.F.); Pathological Anatomy Department, CHU Gui de Chauliac (J.R.); and Institut de Recherche en Biothérapie, CHU Montpellier, (M.D.C.), Montpellier, France
| | - Jean-Michel Fabre
- Institut de Recherche en Biothérapie, INSERM, U1040 (S.G.C., A.S.D., P.B., E.R., C.D., P.M., M.D.C.); UMR 1040, Université Montpellier 1 (S.G.C., A.S.D., P.B., E.R., C.D., P.M., M.D.C.); Drug Disposition Domain, Sanofi Aventis (S.K.); Department of Digestive Surgery, CHU Saint Eloi (J.M.F.); Pathological Anatomy Department, CHU Gui de Chauliac (J.R.); and Institut de Recherche en Biothérapie, CHU Montpellier, (M.D.C.), Montpellier, France
| | - Jeanne Ramos
- Institut de Recherche en Biothérapie, INSERM, U1040 (S.G.C., A.S.D., P.B., E.R., C.D., P.M., M.D.C.); UMR 1040, Université Montpellier 1 (S.G.C., A.S.D., P.B., E.R., C.D., P.M., M.D.C.); Drug Disposition Domain, Sanofi Aventis (S.K.); Department of Digestive Surgery, CHU Saint Eloi (J.M.F.); Pathological Anatomy Department, CHU Gui de Chauliac (J.R.); and Institut de Recherche en Biothérapie, CHU Montpellier, (M.D.C.), Montpellier, France
| | - Patrick Maurel
- Institut de Recherche en Biothérapie, INSERM, U1040 (S.G.C., A.S.D., P.B., E.R., C.D., P.M., M.D.C.); UMR 1040, Université Montpellier 1 (S.G.C., A.S.D., P.B., E.R., C.D., P.M., M.D.C.); Drug Disposition Domain, Sanofi Aventis (S.K.); Department of Digestive Surgery, CHU Saint Eloi (J.M.F.); Pathological Anatomy Department, CHU Gui de Chauliac (J.R.); and Institut de Recherche en Biothérapie, CHU Montpellier, (M.D.C.), Montpellier, France
| | - Martine Daujat-Chavanieu
- Institut de Recherche en Biothérapie, INSERM, U1040 (S.G.C., A.S.D., P.B., E.R., C.D., P.M., M.D.C.); UMR 1040, Université Montpellier 1 (S.G.C., A.S.D., P.B., E.R., C.D., P.M., M.D.C.); Drug Disposition Domain, Sanofi Aventis (S.K.); Department of Digestive Surgery, CHU Saint Eloi (J.M.F.); Pathological Anatomy Department, CHU Gui de Chauliac (J.R.); and Institut de Recherche en Biothérapie, CHU Montpellier, (M.D.C.), Montpellier, France
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Tsuneyama K, Nishida T, Baba H, Taira S, Fujimoto M, Nomoto K, Hayashi S, Miwa S, Nakajima T, Sutoh M, Oda E, Hokao R, Imura J. Neonatal monosodium glutamate treatment causes obesity, diabetes, and macrovesicular steatohepatitis with liver nodules in DIAR mice. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2014; 29:1736-43. [PMID: 24730643 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.12610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is the hepatic manifestation of metabolic syndrome (MS). Monosodium glutamate (MSG)-treated ICR mice is a useful model of MS and NASH, but it shows the different patterns of steatosis from human NASH. Because inbred aged DIAR (ddY, Institute for Animal Reproduction) mice spontaneously show the similar pattern of steatosis as NASH, we analyzed their liver pathology after administering MSG. METHODS MSG-treated DIAR mice (DIAR-MSG) and untreated DIAR mice (DIAR-controls) were sacrificed and assessed histopathologically at 29, 32, 40, 48, and 54 weeks of age. The NASH activity score, body mass index, blood glucose level, and oral glucose tolerance test were also assessed. RESULTS The body mass index and blood glucose levels of DIAR-MSG were significantly higher than controls. The oral glucose tolerance test revealed a type 2 diabetes pattern in DIAR-MSG. The livers of DIAR-MSG mice showed macrovesicular steatosis, lobular inflammation with neutrophils, and ballooning degeneration after 29 weeks. At 54 weeks, mild fibrosis was observed in 5/6 DIAR-MSG and 2/5 DIAR-control mice. In imaging mass spectrometry analysis, cholesterol as well as triglyceride accumulated in the liver of DIAR-MSG mice. Atypical liver nodules were also observed after 32 weeks in DIAR-MSG, some with cellular and structural atypia mimicking human hepatocellular carcinoma. The NASH activity score of DIAR-MSG after 29 weeks was higher than that of control mice, suggesting the development of NASH. CONCLUSIONS DIAR-MSG had NASH-like liver pathology and liver nodules typically associated with MS symptoms. DIAR-MSG provides a valuable animal model to analyze NASH pathogenesis and carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koichi Tsuneyama
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
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Gebhardt R, Matz-Soja M. Liver zonation: Novel aspects of its regulation and its impact on homeostasis. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:8491-8504. [PMID: 25024605 PMCID: PMC4093700 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i26.8491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2013] [Revised: 02/20/2014] [Accepted: 04/09/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver zonation, the spatial separation of the immense spectrum of different metabolic pathways along the liver sinusoids, is fundamental for proper functioning of this organ. Recent progress in elucidating localization and interactions of different metabolic pathways by using “omics” techniques and novel approaches to couple them with refined spatial resolution and in characterizing novel master regulators of zonation by using transgenic mice has created the basis for a deeper understanding of core mechanisms of zonation and their impact on liver physiology, pathology and metabolic diseases. This review summarizes the fascinating technical achievements for investigating liver zonation and the elucidation of an emerging network of master regulators of zonation that keep the plethora of interrelated and sometimes opposing functions of the liver in balance with nutritional supply and specific requirements of the entire body. In addition, a brief overview is given on newly described zonated functions and novel details on how diverse the segmentation of metabolic zonation may be. From these facts and developments a few fundamental principles are inferred which seem to rule zonation of liver parenchyma. In addition, we identify important questions that still need to be answered as well as interesting fields of research such as the connection of zonation with circadian rhythm and gender dimorphism which need to be pushed further, in order to improve our understanding of metabolic zonation. Finally, an outlook is given on how disturbance of liver zonation and its regulation may impact on liver pathology and the development of metabolic diseases.
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Abdelmegeed MA, Banerjee A, Jang S, Yoo SH, Yun JW, Gonzalez FJ, Keshavarzian A, Song BJ. CYP2E1 potentiates binge alcohol-induced gut leakiness, steatohepatitis, and apoptosis. Free Radic Biol Med 2013; 65:1238-1245. [PMID: 24064383 PMCID: PMC3859835 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2013.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2013] [Revised: 09/12/2013] [Accepted: 09/17/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Ethanol-inducible cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) contributes to increased oxidative stress and steatosis in chronic alcohol-exposure models. However, its role in binge ethanol-induced gut leakiness and hepatic injury is unclear. This study was aimed at investigating the role of CYP2E1 in binge alcohol-induced gut leakiness and the mechanisms of steatohepatitis. Female wild-type (WT) and Cyp2e1-null mice were treated with three doses of binge ethanol (WT-EtOH or Cyp2e1-null-EtOH) (6g/kg oral gavage at 12-h intervals) or dextrose (negative control). Intestinal histology of only WT-EtOH exhibited epithelial alteration and blebbing of lamina propria, and liver histology obtained at 6h after the last ethanol dose showed elevated steatosis with scattered inflammatory foci. These were accompanied by increased levels of serum endotoxin, hepatic enterobacteria, and triglycerides. All these changes, including the intestinal histology and hepatic apoptosis, determined by TUNEL assay, were significantly reversed when WT-EtOH mice were treated with the specific inhibitor of CYP2E1 chlormethiazole and the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine, both of which suppressed oxidative markers including intestinal CYP2E1. WT-EtOH also exhibited elevated amounts of serum TNF-α, hepatic cytokines, CYP2E1, and lipid peroxidation, with decreased levels of mitochondrial superoxide dismutase and suppressed aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 activity. Increased hepatocyte apoptosis with elevated levels of proapoptotic proteins and decreased levels of active (phosphorylated) p-AKT, p-AMPK, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α, all of which are involved in fat metabolism and inflammation, were observed in WT-EtOH. These changes were significantly attenuated in the corresponding Cyp2e1-null-EtOH mice. These data indicate that both intestinal and hepatic CYP2E1 induced by binge alcohol seems critical in binge alcohol-mediated increased nitroxidative stress, gut leakage, and endotoxemia; altered fat metabolism; and inflammation contributing to hepatic apoptosis and steatohepatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A Abdelmegeed
- Laboratory of Membrane Biochemistry and Biophysics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD 20892-9410, USA
| | - Atrayee Banerjee
- Laboratory of Membrane Biochemistry and Biophysics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD 20892-9410, USA
| | - Sehwan Jang
- Laboratory of Membrane Biochemistry and Biophysics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD 20892-9410, USA
| | - Seong-Ho Yoo
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jun-Won Yun
- Laboratory of Membrane Biochemistry and Biophysics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD 20892-9410, USA
| | - Frank J Gonzalez
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Ali Keshavarzian
- Division of Gastroenterology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Byoung-Joon Song
- Laboratory of Membrane Biochemistry and Biophysics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD 20892-9410, USA.
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Excess iron modulates endoplasmic reticulum stress-associated pathways in a mouse model of alcohol and high-fat diet-induced liver injury. J Transl Med 2013; 93:1295-312. [PMID: 24126888 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2013.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2013] [Revised: 09/16/2013] [Accepted: 09/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is an important pathogenic mechanism for alcoholic (ALD) and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Iron overload is an important cofactor for liver injury in ALD and NAFLD, but its role in ER stress and associated stress signaling pathways is unclear. To investigate this, we developed a murine model of combined liver injury by co-feeding the mildly iron overloaded, the hemochromatosis gene-null (Hfe(-/)) mouse ad libitum with ethanol and a high-fat diet (HFD) for 8 weeks. This co-feeding led to profound steatohepatitis, significant fibrosis, and increased apoptosis in the Hfe(-/-) mice as compared with wild-type (WT) controls. Iron overload also led to induction of unfolded protein response (XBP1 splicing, activation of IRE-1α and PERK, as well as sequestration of GRP78) and ER stress (increased CHOP protein expression) following HFD and ethanol. This is associated with a muted autophagic response including reduced LC3-I expression and impaired conjugation to LC3-II, reduced beclin-1 protein, and failure of induction of autophagy-related proteins (Atg) 3, 5, 7, and 12. As a result of the impaired autophagy, levels of the sequestosome protein p62 were most elevated in the Hfe(-/-) group co-fed ethanol and HFD. Iron overload reduces the activation of adenosine monophosphate protein kinase associated with ethanol and HFD feeding. We conclude that iron toxicity may modulate hepatic stress signaling pathways by impairing adaptive cellular compensatory mechanisms in alcohol- and obesity-induced liver injury.
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Wu W, Zhu B, Peng X, Zhou M, Jia D, Gu J. Activation of farnesoid X receptor attenuates hepatic injury in a murine model of alcoholic liver disease. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2013; 443:68-73. [PMID: 24269813 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2013.11.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2013] [Accepted: 11/12/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is a common cause of advanced liver disease, and considered as a major risk factor of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Hepatic cholestasis is a pathophysiological feature observed in all stages of ALD. The farnesoid X receptor (FXR) is a member of the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily, and plays an essential role in the regulation of bile acid, lipid and glucose homeostasis. However, the role of FXR in the pathogenesis and progression of ALD remains largely unknown. Mice were fed Lieber-DeCarli ethanol diet or an isocaloric control diet. We used a specific agonist of FXR WAY-362450 to study the effect of pharmacological activation of FXR in alcoholic liver disease. In this study, we demonstrated that FXR activity was impaired by chronic ethanol ingestion in a murine model of ALD. Activation of FXR by specific agonist WAY-362450 protected mice from the development of ALD. We also found that WAY-362450 treatment rescued FXR activity, suppressed ethanol-induced Cyp2e1 up-regulation and attenuated oxidative stress in liver. Our results highlight a key role of FXR in the modulation of ALD development, and propose specific FXR agonists for the treatment of ALD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weibin Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Institutes of Biomedical Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Bo Zhu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiaomin Peng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Meiling Zhou
- Department of Radiology, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University and Shanghai Institute of Medical Imaging, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Dongwei Jia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Jianxin Gu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Institutes of Biomedical Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
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Flentke GR, Garic A, Hernandez M, Smith SM. CaMKII represses transcriptionally active β-catenin to mediate acute ethanol neurodegeneration and can phosphorylate β-catenin. J Neurochem 2013; 128:523-35. [PMID: 24117889 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.12464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2013] [Revised: 08/19/2013] [Accepted: 09/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Prenatal ethanol exposure causes persistent neurodevelopmental deficits by inducing apoptosis within neuronal progenitors including the neural crest. The cellular signaling events underlying this apoptosis are unclear. Using an established chick embryo model, we previously identified ethanol's activation of calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) as a crucial early step in this pathway. Here, we report that CaMKII is pro-apoptotic because it mediates the loss of transcriptionally active β-catenin, which normally provides trophic support to these cells. β-catenin over-expression normalized cell survival in ethanol's presence. CaMKII inhibition similarly restored β-catenin content and transcriptional activity within ethanol-treated cells and prevented their cell death. In contrast, inhibition of alternative effectors known to destabilize β-catenin, including glycogen synthase kinase-3β, Protein Kinase C, JNK, and calpain, failed to normalize cell survival and β-catenin activity in ethanol's presence. Importantly, we found that purified CaMKII can directly phosphorylate β-catenin. Using targeted mutagenesis we identified CaMKII phosphorylation sites within human β-catenin at T332, T472, and S552. This is the first demonstration that β-catenin is a phosphorylation target of CaMKII and represents a novel mechanism by which calcium signals could regulate β-catenin-dependent transcription. These results inform ethanol's neurotoxicity and offer unexpected insights into other neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disorders having dysregulated calcium or β-catenin signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- George R Flentke
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
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JEONG JAEKYO, PARK SANGYOUEL. HIF-1α-induced β-catenin activation prevents prion-mediated neurotoxicity. Int J Mol Med 2013; 32:931-7. [DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2013.1457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2013] [Accepted: 07/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Hedgehog signalling pathway in adult liver: a major new player in hepatocyte metabolism and zonation? Med Hypotheses 2013; 80:589-94. [PMID: 23433827 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2013.01.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2012] [Accepted: 01/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic Zonation, i.e. the heterogeneous distribution of different metabolic pathways in different zones of the lobules, forms the basis of proper function of the liver in metabolic homeostasis and its regulation. According to recent results, Metabolic Zonation is controlled by the Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway. Here, we hypothesize that hedgehog signalling via Indian hedgehog ligands plays an equal share in this control although, up to now, hedgehog signalling is considered not to be active in healthy adult hepatocytes. We provide broad evidence taken mainly by analogy from other mature organs that hedgehog signalling in adult hepatocytes may particularly control liver lipid and cholesterol metabolism as well as certain aspects of hormone biosynthesis. Like Wnt/β-catenin signalling, it seems to act on a very low level forming a porto-central gradient in the lobules opposite to that of Wnt/β-catenin signalling with which it is interacting by mutual inhibition. Consequently, modulation of hedgehog signalling by endogenous and exogenous agents may considerably impact on liver lipid metabolism and beyond. If functioning improperly, it may possibly contribute to diseases like non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and other diseases such as lipodystrophy.
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Lehwald N, Tao GZ, Jang KY, Papandreou I, Liu B, Liu B, Pysz MA, Willmann JK, Knoefel WT, Denko NC, Sylvester KG. β-Catenin regulates hepatic mitochondrial function and energy balance in mice. Gastroenterology 2012; 143:754-764. [PMID: 22684045 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2012.05.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2011] [Revised: 05/07/2012] [Accepted: 05/29/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Wnt signaling regulates hepatic function and nutrient homeostasis. However, little is known about the roles of β-catenin in cellular respiration or mitochondria of hepatocytes. METHODS We investigated β-catenin's role in the metabolic function of hepatocytes under homeostatic conditions and in response to metabolic stress using mice with hepatocyte-specific deletion of β-catenin and their wild-type littermates, given either saline (sham) or ethanol (as a model of binge drinking and acute ethanol intoxication). RESULTS Under homeostatic conditions, β-catenin-deficient hepatocytes demonstrated mitochondrial dysfunctions that included impairments to the tricarboxylic acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and decreased production of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). There was no evidence for redox imbalance or oxidative cellular injury in the absence of metabolic stress. In mice with β-catenin-deficient hepatocytes, ethanol intoxication led to significant redox imbalance in the hepatocytes and further deterioration in mitochondrial function that included reduced OXPHOS, fatty acid oxidation (FAO), and ATP production. Ethanol feeding significantly increased liver steatosis and oxidative damage, compared with wild-type mice, and disrupted the ratio of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide. β-catenin-deficient hepatocytes also had showed disrupted signaling of Sirt1/peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α signaling. CONCLUSIONS β-catenin has an important role in the maintenance of mitochondrial homeostasis, regulating ATP production via the tricarboxylic acid cycle, OXPHOS, and fatty acid oxidation; β-catenin function in these systems is compromised under conditions of nutrient oxidative stress. Reagents that alter Wnt-β-catenin signaling might be developed as a useful new therapeutic strategy for treatment of liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadja Lehwald
- Department of Surgery, Divison of Pediatric Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California; Department of General, Visceral, and Pediatric Surgery, School of Medicine, Heinrich Heine University, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Guo-Zhong Tao
- Department of Surgery, Divison of Pediatric Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Kyu Yun Jang
- Department of Surgery, Divison of Pediatric Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California; Department of Pathology and Research Institute of Clinical Medicine, Chonbuk National University Medical School, South Korea
| | - Ioanna Papandreou
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Bowen Liu
- Department of Surgery, Divison of Pediatric Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Bo Liu
- Department of Surgery, Divison of Pediatric Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Marybeth A Pysz
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Jürgen K Willmann
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Wolfram T Knoefel
- Department of General, Visceral, and Pediatric Surgery, School of Medicine, Heinrich Heine University, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Nicholas C Denko
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Karl G Sylvester
- Department of Surgery, Divison of Pediatric Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California; The Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Stanford, California.
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Awuah PK, Rhieu BH, Singh S, Misse A, Monga SPS. β-Catenin loss in hepatocytes promotes hepatocellular cancer after diethylnitrosamine and phenobarbital administration to mice. PLoS One 2012; 7:e39771. [PMID: 22761897 PMCID: PMC3382575 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0039771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2012] [Accepted: 05/30/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) is the fifth most common cancer worldwide. β-Catenin, the central orchestrator of the canonical Wnt pathway and a known oncogene is paramount in HCC pathogenesis. Administration of phenobarbital (PB) containing water (0.05% w/v) as tumor promoter following initial injected intraperitoneal (IP) diethylnitrosamine (DEN) injection (5 µg/gm body weight) as a tumor inducer is commonly used model to study HCC in mice. Herein, nine fifteen-day male β-catenin knockout mice (KO) and fifteen wild-type littermate controls (WT) underwent DEN/PB treatment and were examined for hepatic tumorigenesis at eight months. Paradoxically, a significantly higher tumor burden was observed in KO (p<0.05). Tumors in KO were β-catenin and glutamine synthetase negative and HGF/Met, EGFR & IGFR signaling was unremarkable. A significant increase in PDGFRα and its ligand PDGF-CC leading to increased phosphotyrosine-720-PDGFRα was observed in tumor-bearing KO mice (p<0.05). Simultaneously, these livers displayed increased cell death, stellate cell activation, hepatic fibrosis and cell proliferation. Further, PDGF-CC significantly induced hepatoma cell proliferation especially following β-catenin suppression. Our studies also demonstrate that the utilized DEN/PB protocol in the WT C57BL/6 mice did not select for β-catenin gene mutations during hepatocarcinogenesis. Thus, DEN/PB enhanced HCC in mice lacking β-catenin in the liver may be due to their ineptness at regulating cell survival, leading to enhanced fibrosis and regeneration through PDGFRα activation. β-Catenin downregulation also made hepatoma cells more sensitive to receptor tyrosine kinases and thus may be exploited for therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prince Kwaku Awuah
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Byung Han Rhieu
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Sucha Singh
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Amalea Misse
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Satdarshan P. S. Monga
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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