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Rho HS, Choi WS. Low Muscle Strength as Risk Factor for Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Different Metabolic Conditions. Korean J Fam Med 2024; 45:89-95. [PMID: 38012004 DOI: 10.4082/kjfm.23.0118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) recently became a leading liver disease that threatens health worldwide. Low muscle strength, obesity, insulin resistance, and metabolic syndrome are recognized key factors for NAFLD. However, the impact of low muscle strength itself in different metabolic conditions has not been widely studied. METHODS A cross-sectional analysis was performed of a sample of 5,427 participants from the 2019 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Relative handgrip strength (rHGS, defined as handgrip strength/body mass index) was used to assess muscle strength. The cut-off values for a low rHGS were 1.405 for men and 0.850 for women. NAFLD was diagnosed if the Hepatic Steatosis Index was >36. Participants were stratified according to insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, and central obesity for the subgroup analyses. RESULTS Complex sample multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed a significant association between low muscle strength and NAFLD after the adjustment for other confounders (odds ratio [OR], 1.92; P<0.001). In the insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, and central obesity subgroups, a significant association between low muscle strength and NAFLD remained (OR, 1.66-4.19 depending on subgroup; all P<0.05), whereas it did not in the no central obesity group. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated that low muscle strength is correlated with a risk of NAFLD. This relationship was independent of insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome but was dependent on the presence of central obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Sun Rho
- Department of Family Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Whan-Seok Choi
- Department of Family Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
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Ou-Yang K, Kuang Y, Yang H, He Y, Wang L, Wang X, Li D, Li L. Multi-omics analysis reveals the toxic mechanism of ammonia-enhanced Microcystis aeruginosa exposure causing liver fat deposition and muscle nutrient loss in zebrafish. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 461:132631. [PMID: 37816294 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023]
Abstract
Microcystis aeruginosa and ammonia pollution are two important environmental stress factors in water eutrophication. Herein, we simulated environmental conditions to investigate the effects of chronic exposure (single and combined) to M. aeruginosa and total ammonia nitrogen (TAN) on lipid metabolism and muscle quality in zebrafish. Our results showed that M. aeruginosa and TAN significantly induced lipid deposition and tissue damage in the liver of zebrafish. Liver transcriptomic analysis revealed that M. aeruginosa and TAN disrupted the balance in lipid synthesis, decomposition, and transport, ultimately leading to hepatic lipid accumulation. Moreover, exposure to M. aeruginosa or TAN alone resulted in decreased crude protein content and increased lipid content in muscle, as well as disrupted muscle fatty acid composition. Metabolomic analysis of muscle revealed significant alterations in metabolites such as glycerolipids, glycerophospholipids and fatty acids. The co-exposure of M. aeruginosa and TAN had a more significant effect on liver lipid dysfunction and muscle quality deterioration in zebrafish. These findings provide valuable insights into the potential risks and hazards of M. aeruginosa and TAN in eutrophic water bodies subject to Microcystis blooms, and can help inform effective strategies for monitoring and managing these toxins in aquatic ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Ou-Yang
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Yu Kuang
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Hui Yang
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Ya He
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Liangmou Wang
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Xinyu Wang
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Dapeng Li
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China; Engineering Research Center of Green development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430070, PR China; Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture, Wuhan 430070, PR China; Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovation Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Li Li
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China; Engineering Research Center of Green development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430070, PR China; Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture, Wuhan 430070, PR China; Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovation Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430070, PR China.
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3
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Von-Hafe M, Borges-Canha M, Vale C, Leite AR, Sérgio Neves J, Carvalho D, Leite-Moreira A. Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Endocrine Axes—A Scoping Review. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12040298. [PMID: 35448486 PMCID: PMC9026925 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12040298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the leading cause of chronic liver disease. NAFLD often occurs associated with endocrinopathies. Evidence suggests that endocrine dysfunction may play an important role in NAFLD development, progression, and severity. Our work aimed to explore and summarize the crosstalk between the liver and different endocrine organs, their hormones, and dysfunctions. For instance, our results show that hyperprolactinemia, hypercortisolemia, and polycystic ovary syndrome seem to worsen NAFLD’s pathway. Hypothyroidism and low growth hormone levels also may contribute to NAFLD’s progression, and a bidirectional association between hypercortisolism and hypogonadism and the NAFLD pathway looks likely, given the current evidence. Therefore, we concluded that it appears likely that there is a link between several endocrine disorders and NAFLD other than the typically known type 2 diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome (MS). Nevertheless, there is controversial and insufficient evidence in this area of knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madalena Von-Hafe
- Departamento de Cirurgia e Fisiologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal; (M.V.-H.); (C.V.); (A.R.L.); (J.S.N.); (A.L.-M.)
| | - Marta Borges-Canha
- Departamento de Cirurgia e Fisiologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal; (M.V.-H.); (C.V.); (A.R.L.); (J.S.N.); (A.L.-M.)
- Serviço de Endocrinologia, Diabetes e Metabolismo do Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +351-918935390
| | - Catarina Vale
- Departamento de Cirurgia e Fisiologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal; (M.V.-H.); (C.V.); (A.R.L.); (J.S.N.); (A.L.-M.)
| | - Ana Rita Leite
- Departamento de Cirurgia e Fisiologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal; (M.V.-H.); (C.V.); (A.R.L.); (J.S.N.); (A.L.-M.)
| | - João Sérgio Neves
- Departamento de Cirurgia e Fisiologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal; (M.V.-H.); (C.V.); (A.R.L.); (J.S.N.); (A.L.-M.)
- Serviço de Endocrinologia, Diabetes e Metabolismo do Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Davide Carvalho
- Serviço de Endocrinologia, Diabetes e Metabolismo do Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal;
- Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3s), Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Adelino Leite-Moreira
- Departamento de Cirurgia e Fisiologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal; (M.V.-H.); (C.V.); (A.R.L.); (J.S.N.); (A.L.-M.)
- Serviço de Cirurgia Cardiotorácica do Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
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Lai W, Xu D, Li J, Wang Z, Ding Y, Wang X, Li X, Xu N, Mai K, Ai Q. Dietary polystyrene nanoplastics exposure alters liver lipid metabolism and muscle nutritional quality in carnivorous marine fish large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea). JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 419:126454. [PMID: 34198221 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Nanoplastics (NPs) cause various adverse effects on marine fish. However, effects of dietary NPs exposure on liver lipid metabolism and muscle nutritional quality of carnivorous marine fish are not fully understood. In this study, a 21-day feeding test was conducted to simulate the food chain transfer of polystyrene nanoplastics (PS NPs) and then evaluate effects of different dietary PS NPs levels on the survival, growth performance, liver lipid metabolism, and muscle nutritional quality of large yellow croaker Larimichthys crocea. Results indicated that the survival and growth of large yellow croaker decreased with the increase of PS NPs levels. Moreover, PS NPs induced excessive liver lipid accumulation by down-regulating the expression of lipolysis-related genes and inhibiting the AMPK-PPARα signaling pathway. In vitro, PS NPs could be accumulated in hepatocytes, reduce cell viability, and disrupt lipid metabolism of hepatocytes. Also, we found for the first time that PS NPs altered fatty acid composition and texture of fish muscle by enhancing oxidative stress and disrupting lipid metabolism. Overall, this study indicated that PS NPs induced liver lipid deposition by inhibiting lipolysis, and demonstrated that PS NPs altered the nutritional quality of fish, which might cause potential health effects for human consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wencong Lai
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair), Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Dan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair), Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Jiamin Li
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair), Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair), Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Yi Ding
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair), Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Xiuneng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair), Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Xueshan Li
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair), Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Ning Xu
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair), Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Kangsen Mai
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair), Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, 1 Wenhai Road, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Qinghui Ai
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair), Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, 1 Wenhai Road, Qingdao 266003, PR China.
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5
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Liu J, Au Yeung SL, Kwok MK, Leung JYY, Hui LL, Leung GM, Schooling CM. The effect of liver enzymes on body composition: A Mendelian randomization study. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0228737. [PMID: 32045441 PMCID: PMC7012438 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0228737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Higher alanine transaminase (ALT), indicating poor liver function, is positively associated with diabetes but inversely associated with body mass index (BMI) in Mendelian randomization (MR) studies, suggesting liver function affects muscle mass. To clarify, we assessed the associations of liver enzymes with muscle and fat mass observationally with two-sample MR as a validation. Methods In the population-representative “Children of 1997” birth cohort (n = 3,455), we used multivariable linear regression to assess the adjusted associations of ALT and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) at ~17.5 years with muscle mass and body fat percentage observationally. Genetic variants predicting ALT, ALP and gamma glutamyltransferase (GGT) were applied to fat-free and fat mass in the UK Biobank (n = ~331,000) to obtain unconfounded MR estimates. Results Observationally, ALT was positively associated with muscle mass (0.11 kg per IU/L, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.10 to 0.12) and fat percentage (0.15% per IU/L, 95% CI 0.13 to 0.17). ALP was inversely associated with muscle mass (-0.03 kg per IU/L, 95% CI -0.04 to -0.02) and fat percentage (-0.02% per IU/L, 95% CI -0.03 to -0.01). Using MR, ALT was inversely associated with fat-free mass (-0.41 kg per 100% in concentration, 95% CI -0.64 to -0.19) and fat mass (-0.58 kg per 100% in concentration, 95% CI -0.85 to -0.30). ALP and GGT were unclearly associated with fat-free mass or fat mass. Conclusion ALT reducing fat-free mass provides a possible pathway for the positive association of ALT with diabetes and suggests a potential target of intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junxi Liu
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Shiu Lun Au Yeung
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Man Ki Kwok
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - June Yue Yan Leung
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Lai Ling Hui
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Gabriel Matthew Leung
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - C. Mary Schooling
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- City University of New York Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, New York, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Cruz JF, Ferrari YAC, Machado CP, Santana NN, Mota AVH, Lima SO. SARCOPENIA AND SEVERITY OF NON-ALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER DISEASE. ARQUIVOS DE GASTROENTEROLOGIA 2020; 56:357-360. [PMID: 31618396 DOI: 10.1590/s0004-2803.201900000-66] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is characterized by deposition of lipids in the hepatic parenchyma exceeding 5% of liver weight in the absence of other conditions, such as viral or alcoholic hepatitis and metabolic disease. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is the most common form of chronic liver disease in several countries. In addition to liver complications, recent studies have shown a relation between liver fat and sarcopenia. OBJECTIVE Determine the association between sarcopenia and the severity of non-alcoholic hepatic steatosis diagnosed by abdominal ultrasonography. METHODS A clinical, cross-sectional study was conducted with a sample of male and female adults (18 to 70 years of age) submitted to ultrasonography for the investigation of non-alcoholic hepatic steatosis. Evaluations were also performed for the determination of upper and lower limb muscle strength. Data analysis was performed with the aid of the SPSS 22.0 program and involved ANCOVA and the Bonferroni post hoc test, with P-value <0.05 considered indicative of statistical significance. RESULTS One hundred two patients were submitted to abdominal ultrasonography, 57.8% of whom presented some degree of non-alcoholic hepatic steatosis. The presence and degree of fatty liver infiltration were significantly associated with the sarcopenic index, determined by the ratio between upper and lower limb strength and BMI (P=0.009 and post-test P=0.028 for upper limbs; P=0.006 and post-test P=0.013 for lower limbs). CONCLUSION In the present study, an association was found between the sarcopenic index and non-alcoholic hepatic steatosis, with an inversely proportional relation between this index and the severity of fatty infiltration. This finding offers further evidence of the metabolic interaction of the liver, adipose tissue and muscle.
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Silva-Sperb AS, Moraes HA, de Moura BC, Alves BC, Bruch-Bertani JP, Azevedo VZ, Dall'Alba V. Effect of probiotic supplementation in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis patients: PROBILIVER TRIAL protocol. Trials 2019; 20:580. [PMID: 31601229 PMCID: PMC6785848 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-019-3679-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Recently factors in the relationship between gut microbiota, obesity, diabetes and the metabolic syndrome have been suggested in the development and progression of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). In this sense, this work aims to evaluate the effects of probiotic supplementation on intestinal microbiota modulation, degree of hepatic steatosis and fibrosis, inflammation, gut permeability, and body composition. Methods This double-blind, randomized clinical trial will include adult outpatients with a diagnosis of NASH confirmed by biopsy with or without transient elastography. All patients will undergo a complete anamnesis to investigate their alcohol consumption, previous history, medications, nutritional assessment (dietary intake and body composition), sarcopenia, physical activity level and physical and functional capacity, cardiovascular risk, biochemical parameters for assessment of inflammatory status, lipid profile, hepatic function, gut permeability, and assessment of microbiota. These procedures will be performed at baseline and repeated after 24 weeks (at the end of the study). Through the process of randomization, patients will be allocated to receive treatment A or treatment B. Both patients and researchers involved will be blinded (double-blind study). The intervention consists of treatment with a probiotic mix (Lactobacillus acidophillus + Bifidobacterium lactis + Lactobacillus rhamnosus + Lactobacillus paracasei, 1 x 109 CFU for each) and the placebo which is identical in all its characteristics and packaging. Patients will be instructed to consume two sachets/day during 24 weeks and to report any symptoms or side effects related to the use of the sachets. Adherence control will be carried out through the patient’s notes on a form provided, and also by checking the number of sachets used. Discussion The final results of study will be analyzed and disseminated in 2020. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov, ID: NCT03467282. Registered on 15 March 2018. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13063-019-3679-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Souza Silva-Sperb
- Graduate Program: Sciences of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Rua Ramiro Barcelos 2400 - 2nd floor, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil.
| | - Helena Abadie Moraes
- Graduate Program: Sciences of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Rua Ramiro Barcelos 2400 - 2nd floor, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Bruna Concheski de Moura
- Graduate Program: Sciences of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Rua Ramiro Barcelos 2400 - 2nd floor, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Bruna Cherubini Alves
- Graduate Program: Sciences of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Rua Ramiro Barcelos 2400 - 2nd floor, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil
| | | | | | - Valesca Dall'Alba
- Graduate Program: Sciences of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Rua Ramiro Barcelos 2400 - 2nd floor, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Food, Nutrition and Health, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Nutrition and Dietetics Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Department of Nutrition, School of Medicine, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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8
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Emerging awareness on the importance of skeletal muscle in liver diseases: time to dig deeper into mechanisms! Clin Sci (Lond) 2019; 133:465-481. [DOI: 10.1042/cs20180421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Revised: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Skeletal muscle is a tissue that represents 30–40% of total body mass in healthy humans and contains up to 75% of total body proteins. It is thus the largest organ in non-obese subjects. The past few years have seen increasing awareness of the prognostic value of appreciating changes in skeletal muscle compartment in various chronic diseases. Hence, a low muscle mass, a low muscle function and muscle fatty infiltration are linked with poor outcomes in many pathological conditions. In particular, an affluent body of evidence links the severity, the complications and mortality of chronic liver disease (CLD) with skeletal muscle depletion. Yet it is still not clear whether low muscle mass is a cause, an aggravating factor, a consequence of the ongoing disease, or an epiphenomenon reflecting general alteration in the critically ill patient. The mechanisms by which the muscle compartment influences disease prognosis are still largely unknown. In addition, whether muscle alterations contribute to liver disease progression is an unanswered question. Here, we first review basic knowledge about muscle compartment to draw a conceptual framework for interpreting skeletal muscle alteration in CLD. We next describe recent literature on muscle wasting in cirrhosis and liver transplantation. We then discuss the implication of skeletal muscle compartment in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)/non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), focusing on plausible metabolic disruption in muscle compartment that might participate in NAFLD progression. Finally, we discuss shortcomings and challenges we need to address in the near future prior to designate the muscle compartment as a therapeutic target in CLD.
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De Fré CH, De Fré MA, Kwanten WJ, Op de Beeck BJ, Van Gaal LF, Francque SM. Sarcopenia in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: is it a clinically significant entity? Obes Rev 2019; 20:353-363. [PMID: 30474288 DOI: 10.1111/obr.12776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2018] [Revised: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Sarcopenia, described as the loss of muscle mass and/or strength, is gaining importance as it can be increasingly related to many chronic diseases. It is also associated with chronic liver disease, and recently it has been more frequently linked to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in particular. Both sarcopenia and NAFLD are subject to complex and intermingled pathophysiological processes, of which some are in common. Furthermore, it is presently unclear if sarcopenia directly contributes to NAFLD or vice versa. The mechanisms that are involved may include obesity, insulin resistance, vitamin D deficiency, aging, physical inactivity and certain cytokines. Current clinical evidence is subject to an important heterogeneity in methods and definitions, with additionally also a relative overrepresentation of evidence in Asian ethnicities. Nonetheless, all studies so far point towards the same association between sarcopenia and NAFLD, including an association with NAFLD-severity and NAFLD-related fibrosis. Since the field is in its infancy, clear definitions and further research are needed to aid to improve understanding of the association between NAFLD and sarcopenia. This can eventually lead to additional potential therapeutic interventions. This review attempts to give an overview of the current published literature that links sarcopenia to NAFLD, followed by a discussion of the presumably involved pathophysiological factors, and ends by discussing current unmet needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- C H De Fré
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Paediatrics (LEMP), University of Antwerp, Wilrijk (Antwerp), Belgium
| | - M A De Fré
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Paediatrics (LEMP), University of Antwerp, Wilrijk (Antwerp), Belgium
| | - W J Kwanten
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Paediatrics (LEMP), University of Antwerp, Wilrijk (Antwerp), Belgium.,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem (Antwerp), Belgium
| | - B J Op de Beeck
- Department of Radiology, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem (Antwerp), Belgium
| | - L F Van Gaal
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Paediatrics (LEMP), University of Antwerp, Wilrijk (Antwerp), Belgium.,Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolic Diseases, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem (Antwerp), Belgium
| | - S M Francque
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Paediatrics (LEMP), University of Antwerp, Wilrijk (Antwerp), Belgium.,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem (Antwerp), Belgium
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10
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Lee K. Relationship Between Handgrip Strength and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Nationwide Surveys. Metab Syndr Relat Disord 2018; 16:497-503. [PMID: 30129816 DOI: 10.1089/met.2018.0077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association of handgrip strength with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has not been studied yet. This study investigated the relationship between handgrip strength and NAFLD in South Korean adults. METHODS Referring to the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2014 and 2015 database, South Korean adults (n = 8001, women: 55.5%) aged 19-80 years having complete data were considered for this study. Relative handgrip strength (RHGS) [average handgrip strength of both hands divided by body mass index (BMI)], hepatic steatosis index (HSI), BMI, and components of metabolic syndrome were measured. Demographics, treatment of concurrent illnesses, and health-related behaviors were assessed by using standardized questionnaires. NAFLD was defined by the HSI >36.0, alcohol consumption <20 grams/day, and negative biomarkers for chronic hepatitis B and C. RESULTS The prevalence of NAFLD was 30.3% ± 0.7%. Complex sample logistic regression analysis revealed that individuals with lower RHGS [per 1 standard deviation (SD) decrease] manifested higher odds of suffering from NAFLD (adjusted odds ratio: 1.47, 95% confidence interval: 1.35-1.60). Furthermore, lower RHGS was associated with higher odds for NAFLD throughout the strata of sex, age group, education, BMI category, metabolic syndrome, treatment history of illnesses, smoking status, alcohol consumption, or physical activity. The odds for NAFLD increased in the range of 1.40-1.63 with 1 SD decrease in RHGS according to the strata. CONCLUSIONS This study of South Korean adults suggests that lower handgrip strength is associated with NAFLD regardless of sociodemographic characteristics, weight status, metabolic syndrome, concurrent illnesses, and lifestyle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayoung Lee
- Department of Family Medicine, Busan Paik Hospital, College of Medicine, Inje University , Busan, Republic of Korea
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Cabrera D, Cabello-Verrugio C, Solís N, San Martín D, Cofré C, Pizarro M, Arab JP, Abrigo J, Campos F, Irigoyen B, Carrasco-Avino G, Bezares K, Riquelme V, Riquelme A, Arrese M, Barrera F. Somatotropic Axis Dysfunction in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Beneficial Hepatic and Systemic Effects of Hormone Supplementation. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19051339. [PMID: 29724029 PMCID: PMC5983806 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19051339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Somatotropic axis dysfunction associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has potential multisystemic detrimental effects. Here, we analysed the effects of growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) supplementation on liver histology, adipokine profile and muscle function in an NAFLD model. Methods: C57BL/6 mice were fed with a high fat diet (HFD) for 12 weeks and were separated into three groups treated for 4 weeks with: (1) High fat diet (HFD) (n = 10); (2) HFD + GH 9 μg/g/d (n = 10); (3) HFD + IGF-1 0.02 µg/g/d (n = 9). A control group fed a chow diet was included (n = 6). Liver histology, liver triglycerides content, serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity, adiponectin and leptin serum levels, in vivo muscle strength, tetanic force and muscle fibre cross-sectional area (CSA) were measured. Results: HFD + GH and HFD + IGF-1 groups showed significantly lower ALT activity compared to HFD (p < 0.01). Liver triglyceride content in HFD + GH was decreased compared to HFD (p < 0.01). Histologic steatosis score was increased in HFD and HFD + GH group (p < 0.01), whereas HFD + IGF-1 presented no difference compared to the chow group (p = 0.3). HFD + GH group presented lower serum leptin and adiponectin levels compared to HFD. GH and IGF-1 supplementation therapy reverted HFD-induced reduction in muscle strength and CSA (sarcopenia). Conclusions: GH and IGF-1 supplementation induced significant improvement in liver steatosis, aminotransferases and sarcopenia in a diet-induced NAFLD model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Cabrera
- Departament of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8320000, Chile.
| | | | - Nancy Solís
- Departament of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8320000, Chile.
| | - Diego San Martín
- Departament of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8320000, Chile.
| | - Catalina Cofré
- Departament of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8320000, Chile.
| | - Margarita Pizarro
- Departament of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8320000, Chile.
| | - Juan Pablo Arab
- Departament of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8320000, Chile.
| | - Johanna Abrigo
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago 8320000, Chile.
| | - Fabián Campos
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago 8320000, Chile.
| | - Betzabé Irigoyen
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago 8320000, Chile.
| | - Gonzalo Carrasco-Avino
- Departament of Pathotology, Clínica Las Condes, Santiago 8320000, Chile.
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8320000, Chile.
| | - Katiuska Bezares
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Clínico San Juan de Dios, Santiago 8320000, Chile.
| | - Valentina Riquelme
- Faculty of Arts, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8320000, Chile.
| | - Arnoldo Riquelme
- Departament of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8320000, Chile.
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8320000, Chile.
| | - Marco Arrese
- Departament of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8320000, Chile.
- Centro de Envejecimiento y Regeneración (CARE), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8320000, Chile.
| | - Francisco Barrera
- Departament of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8320000, Chile.
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Tovo CV, Fernandes SA, Buss C, de Mattos AA. Sarcopenia and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: Is there a relationship? A systematic review. World J Hepatol 2017; 9:326-332. [PMID: 28293382 PMCID: PMC5332422 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v9.i6.326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Revised: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To perform a systematic review to evaluate the incidence and prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in adult patients with sarcopenia.
METHODS Randomized clinical trials, cross-sectional or cohort studies including adult patients (over 18 years) with sarcopenia were selected. The primary outcomes of interest were the prevalence or incidence of NAFLD in sarcopenic patients. In the screening process, 44 full-text articles were included in the review and 41 studies were excluded.
RESULTS Three cross-sectional studies were included. The authors attempted to perform a systematic review, but due to the differences between the studies, a qualitative synthesis was provided. The diagnosis of NAFLD was made by non-invasive methods (image methods or any surrogate markers) in all three evaluated studies. All the studies suggested that there was an independent association between sarcopenia and NAFLD.
CONCLUSION Sarcopenia is independently associated with NAFLD and possibly to an advanced fibrosis.
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Fatty Liver Index Associates with Relative Sarcopenia and GH/ IGF- 1 Status in Obese Subjects. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0145811. [PMID: 26741958 PMCID: PMC4711804 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0145811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Recently the association between hepatic steatosis and sarcopenia has been described. GH/IGF-1 axis has been postulated to play a role in linking fatty liver and low muscle mass. The aim of our study was to explore the association between fatty liver index, sarcopenic obesity, insulin sensitivity, and GH/IGF-1 status. Methods 427 subjects [age: 45.65±13.94 years, BMI: 36.92±6.43 kg/m2] were enrolled. Participants were divided into three groups: fatty liver index (FLI) <20, 20≥FLI<60, and FLI≥60. Body composition was assessed by DXA. The truncal fat mass (TrFM) to appendicular skeletal muscle (ASM) ratio was used as an indicator of sarcopenic obesity. ISI-Matsuda index was used. Results BMI, fat mass, and the TrFM/ASM ratio were higher in subjects with FLI≥60. GH, IGF-1 and ISI-Matsuda were lower in the high FLI group (all p<0.05). A significantly positive correlation between FLI and TrFM/ ASM ratio (r = 0.221, p<0.001) was found, whereas FLI levels were negatively correlated with ISI- Matsuda (r = -0.335, p<0.001), GH (r = -0.200, p = 0.006), and IGF- 1 levels (r = -0.157, p = 0.028). Stepwise linear regression analysis showed that GH levels were significantly negatively correlated with FLI, while the TrFM/ ASM ratio was positively associated with FLI, after adjustment for age, BMI, total fat mass, truncal fat mass, fat- free mass, and ISI- Matsuda. Conclusions Impairment of GH/IGF-1 axis seems to be associated to the risk of the development of sarcopenic obesity and ectopic fat deposition in the liver. Metabolic and hormonal derangements as determinants of ectopic fat deposition and body composition deserve to be evaluated in obese subjects.
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Martins IJ. Induction of NAFLD with Increased Risk of Obesity and Chronic Diseases in Developed Countries. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.4236/ojemd.2014.44011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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