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Kulig K, Kowalik K, Surowiec M, Karnas E, Barczyk-Woznicka O, Zuba-Surma E, Pyza E, Kozik A, Rapala-Kozik M, Karkowska-Kuleta J. Isolation and Characteristics of Extracellular Vesicles Produced by Probiotics: Yeast Saccharomyces boulardii CNCM I-745 and Bacterium Streptococcus salivarius K12. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2024; 16:936-948. [PMID: 37209320 PMCID: PMC11126510 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-023-10085-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Numerous probiotic microorganisms have repeatedly been shown to produce nanometer-sized structures named extracellular vesicles (EVs). Recently, it has been suggested that similarly to whole microbial cells, EVs produced by probiotics may also demonstrate health benefits to the host, while their application does not involve the risk of infection caused by live microorganisms. In this work, we isolated EVs from two probiotic species originating from different taxonomic domains - yeast Saccharomyces boulardii CNCM I-745 and bacterium Streptococcus salivarius K12. The diameters of S. boulardii EVs were about 142 nm and for S. salivarius EVs about 123 nm. For S. boulardii EVs, 1641 proteins and for S. salivarius EVs, 466 proteins were identified with a liquid chromatography-coupled tandem mass spectrometry and then functionally classified. In both microbial species, metabolic proteins significantly contributed to the cargo of EVs comprising 25% and 26% of all identified vesicular proteins for fungi and bacteria, respectively. Moreover, enzymes associated with cell wall rearrangement, including enzymatically active glucanases, were also identified in EVs. Furthermore, probiotic EVs were shown to influence host cells and stimulate the production of IL-1β and IL-8 by the human monocytic cell line THP-1, and, at the same time, did not cause any remarkable reduction in the survival rate of Galleria mellonella larvae in this invertebrate model commonly used to evaluate microbial EV toxicity. These observations suggest that the EVs produced by the investigated probiotic microorganisms may be promising structures for future use in pro-health applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamila Kulig
- Department of Comparative Biochemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Kowalik
- Department of Comparative Biochemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Magdalena Surowiec
- Department of Comparative Biochemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
- Doctoral School of Exact and Natural Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Elzbieta Karnas
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Olga Barczyk-Woznicka
- Department of Cell Biology and Imaging, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Ewa Zuba-Surma
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Elzbieta Pyza
- Department of Cell Biology and Imaging, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Andrzej Kozik
- Department of Analytical Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Maria Rapala-Kozik
- Department of Comparative Biochemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Justyna Karkowska-Kuleta
- Department of Comparative Biochemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland.
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Sundaram K, Teng Y, Mu J, Xu Q, Xu F, Sriwastva MK, Zhang L, Park JW, Zhang X, Yan J, Zhang SQ, Merchant ML, Chen SY, McClain CJ, Dryden GW, Zhang HG. Outer Membrane Vesicles Released from Garlic Exosome-like Nanoparticles (GaELNs) Train Gut Bacteria that Reverses Type 2 Diabetes via the Gut-Brain Axis. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2308680. [PMID: 38225709 PMCID: PMC11102339 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202308680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
Gut microbiota function has numerous effects on humans and the diet humans consume has emerged as a pivotal determinant of gut microbiota function. Here, a new concept that gut microbiota can be trained by diet-derived exosome-like nanoparticles (ELNs) to release healthy outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) is introduced. Specifically, OMVs released from garlic ELN (GaELNs) trained human gut Akkermansia muciniphila (A. muciniphila) can reverse high-fat diet-induced type 2 diabetes (T2DM) in mice. Oral administration of OMVs released from GaELNs trained A. muciniphila can traffick to the brain where they are taken up by microglial cells, resulting in inhibition of high-fat diet-induced brain inflammation. GaELNs treatment increases the levels of OMV Amuc-1100, P9, and phosphatidylcholines. Increasing the levels of Amuc-1100 and P9 leads to increasing the GLP-1 plasma level. Increasing the levels of phosphatidylcholines is required for inhibition of cGas and STING-mediated inflammation and GLP-1R crosstalk with the insulin pathway that leads to increasing expression of Insulin Receptor Substrate (IRS1 and IRS2) on OMV targeted cells. These findings reveal a molecular mechanism whereby OMVs from plant nanoparticle-trained gut bacteria regulate genes expressed in the brain, and have implications for the treatment of brain dysfunction caused by a metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumaran Sundaram
- Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY40202, USA
| | - Yun Teng
- Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY40202, USA
| | - Jingyao Mu
- Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY40202, USA
| | - Qingbo Xu
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY40202, USA
| | - Fangyi Xu
- Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY40202, USA
| | | | - Lifeng Zhang
- Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY40202, USA
| | - Juw Won Park
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY40202, USA
- Kentucky IDeA Network of Biomedical Research Excellence Bioinformatics Core, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Jun Yan
- Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY40202, USA
| | - Shuang Qin Zhang
- Section of Hematology/Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
| | - Michael L. Merchant
- Kidney Disease Program and Clinical Proteomics Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Shao-yu Chen
- Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY40202, USA
| | - Craig J McClain
- Robley Rex Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Louisville, KY 40206, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Gerald W Dryden
- Robley Rex Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Louisville, KY 40206, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Huang-Ge Zhang
- Robley Rex Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Louisville, KY 40206, USA
- Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY40202, USA
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY40202, USA
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3
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Liu R. A promising area of research in medicine: recent advances in properties and applications of Lactobacillus-derived exosomes. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1266510. [PMID: 38686107 PMCID: PMC11056577 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1266510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Lactobacillus-derived exosomes, small extracellular vesicles released by bacteria, have emerged as a promising area of research in recent years. These exosomes possess a unique structural and functional diversity that allows them to regulate the immune response and promote gut health. The isolation and purification of these exosomes are crucial for their effective use as a therapeutic agent. Several isolation and purification methods have been developed, including differential ultracentrifugation, density gradient centrifugation, and size-exclusion chromatography. Lactobacillus-derived exosomes have been demonstrated to have therapeutic potential in various diseases, such as inflammatory bowel disease, liver disease, and neurological disorders. Moreover, they have been shown to serve as effective carriers for drug delivery. Genetic engineering of these exosomes has also shown promise in enhancing their therapeutic potential. Overall, Lactobacillus-derived exosomes represent a promising area of research for the development of novel therapeutics for immunomodulation, gut health, and drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Liu
- School of Food Engineering, Ludong University, Yantai, Shandong, China
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4
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Leser T, Baker A. Molecular Mechanisms of Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus, LGG ® Probiotic Function. Microorganisms 2024; 12:794. [PMID: 38674738 PMCID: PMC11051730 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12040794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
To advance probiotic research, a comprehensive understanding of bacterial interactions with human physiology at the molecular and cellular levels is fundamental. Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus LGG® is a bacterial strain that has long been recognized for its beneficial effects on human health. Probiotic effector molecules derived from LGG®, including secreted proteins, surface-anchored proteins, polysaccharides, and lipoteichoic acids, which interact with host physiological processes have been identified. In vitro and animal studies have revealed that specific LGG® effector molecules stimulate epithelial cell survival, preserve intestinal barrier integrity, reduce oxidative stress, mitigate excessive mucosal inflammation, enhance IgA secretion, and provide long-term protection through epigenetic imprinting. Pili on the cell surface of LGG® promote adhesion to the intestinal mucosa and ensure close contact to host cells. Extracellular vesicles produced by LGG® recapitulate many of these effects through their cargo of effector molecules. Collectively, the effector molecules of LGG® exert a significant influence on both the gut mucosa and immune system, which promotes intestinal homeostasis and immune tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Leser
- Future Labs, Human Health Biosolutions, Novonesis, Kogle Alle 6, 2970 Hoersholm, Denmark;
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5
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Chakraborty D, Coslo DM, Murray IA, Vijay A, Patterson AD, Perdew GH. Immune cell-intrinsic Ah receptor facilitates the expression of antimicrobial REG3G in the small intestine. FASEB J 2024; 38:e23471. [PMID: 38358358 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202302319r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
The intestinal epithelial layer is susceptible to damage by chemical, physiological and mechanical stress. While it is essential to maintain the integrity of epithelium, the biochemical pathways that contribute to the barrier function have not been completely investigated. Here we demonstrate an aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR)-dependent mechanism facilitating the production of the antimicrobial peptide AMP regenerating islet-derived protein 3 gamma (REG3G), which is essential for intestinal homeostasis. Genetic ablation of AHR in mice impairs pSTAT3-mediated REG3G expression and increases bacterial numbers of Segmented filamentous bacteria (SFB) and Akkermansia muciniphila in the small intestine. Studies with tissue-specific conditional knockout mice revealed that the presence of AHR in the epithelial cells of the small intestine is not required for the production of REG3G through the phosphorylated STAT3-mediated pathway. However, immune-cell-specific AHR activity is necessary for normal expression of REG3G in all regions of the small intestine. A diet rich in broccoli, capable of inducing AHR activity, increases REG3G production when compared to a semi-purified diet that is devoid of ligands that can potentially activate the AHR, thus highlighting the importance of AHR in antimicrobial function. Overall, these data suggest that homeostatic antimicrobial REG3G production is increased by an AHR pathway intrinsic to the immune cells in the small intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debopriya Chakraborty
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Denise M Coslo
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Iain A Murray
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Anitha Vijay
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Andrew D Patterson
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Gary H Perdew
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
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6
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Shi Y, Zhang C, Cao W, Li L, Liu K, Zhu H, Balcha F, Fang Y. Extracellular vesicles from Lacticaseibacillus paracasei PC-H1 inhibit HIF-1α-mediated glycolysis of colon cancer. Future Microbiol 2024; 19:227-239. [PMID: 38270125 DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2023-0144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Aims: Extracellular vesicles from Lacticaseibacillus paracasei PC-H1 have antiproliferative activity of colon cells, but the effect on glycolytic metabolism of cancer cell remains enigmatic. The authors investigated how Lacticaseibacillus paracasei extracellular vesicles (LpEVs) inhibit the growth of colon cancer cells by affecting tumor metabolism. Materials & methods: HCT116 cells were treated with LpEVs and then differentially expressed genes were analyzed by transcriptome sequencing, the sequencing results were confirmed in vivo and in vitro. Results: LpEVs entered colon cancer cells and inhibited their growth. Transcriptome sequencing revealed differentially expressed genes were related to glycolysis. Lactate production, glucose uptake and lactate dehydrogenase activity were significantly reduced after treatment. LpEVs also reduced HIF-1α, GLUT1 and LDHA expression. Conclusion: LpEVs exert their antiproliferative activity of colon cancer cells by decreasing HIF-1α-mediated glycolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangqian Shi
- Department of Microbiology, Harbin Medical University, 150081 Harbin, China
- Department of Microbiology, Beihua University, 132013 Jilin, China
| | - Chunliang Zhang
- Department of Microbiology, Harbin Medical University, 150081 Harbin, China
- Blood Centre,150056 Harbin, China
| | - Wanyu Cao
- Department of Microbiology, Harbin Medical University, 150081 Harbin, China
| | - Luyi Li
- Department of Microbiology, Harbin Medical University, 150081 Harbin, China
| | - Kaili Liu
- Department of Microbiology, Harbin Medical University, 150081 Harbin, China
| | - Hanyue Zhu
- Department of Microbiology, Harbin Medical University, 150081 Harbin, China
| | - Fikadu Balcha
- Department of Microbiology, Harbin Medical University, 150081 Harbin, China
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Health Science, Arsi University, POBX 193 Asella, Ethiopia
| | - Yong Fang
- Department of Microbiology, Harbin Medical University, 150081 Harbin, China
- Heilongjiang Province Key Laboratory of Immunity & Infection, Pathogenic Biology, 150081 Harbin, China
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7
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Kim HY, Lim Y, Jang JS, Ko YK, Choi Y, Kim H, Choi B. Extracellular vesicles from periodontal pathogens regulate hepatic steatosis via Toll-like receptor 2 and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1. J Extracell Vesicles 2024; 13:e12407. [PMID: 38251423 PMCID: PMC10801670 DOI: 10.1002/jev2.12407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) is associated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) by lipid accumulation in the liver. In this study, we showed that extracellular vesicles (EVs) from the periodontal pathogens Filifactor alocis and Porphyromonas gingivalis induced steatosis by inducing PAI-1 in the liver and serum of mice fed a low-fat diet. PAI-1 induction was not observed in TLR2-/- mice. When tested using HEK-Blue hTLR2 cells, human TLR2 reporter cells, the TLR2-activating ability of serum from NAFLD patients (n = 100) was significantly higher than that of serum from healthy subjects (n = 100). Correlation analysis confirmed that PAI-1 levels were positively correlated with the TLR2-activating ability of serum from NAFLD patients and healthy subjects. Amphiphilic molecules in EVs were involved in PAI-1 induction. Our data demonstrate that the TLR2/PAI-1 axis is important for hepatic steatosis by EVs of periodontal pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Young Kim
- Department of Oral Microbiology and ImmunologySchool of DentistrySeoul National UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea
- Dental Research InstituteSchool of DentistrySeoul National UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Younggap Lim
- Department of Oral Microbiology and ImmunologySchool of DentistrySeoul National UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Ji Sun Jang
- Department of Cell and Developmental BiologySchool of DentistrySeoul National UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Yeon Kyeong Ko
- Department of Immunology and Molecular MicrobiologySchool of DentistrySeoul National UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Youngnim Choi
- Department of Immunology and Molecular MicrobiologySchool of DentistrySeoul National UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea
- Dental Research InstituteSchool of DentistrySeoul National UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Hong‐Hee Kim
- Department of Cell and Developmental BiologySchool of DentistrySeoul National UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea
- Dental Research InstituteSchool of DentistrySeoul National UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Bong‐Kyu Choi
- Department of Oral Microbiology and ImmunologySchool of DentistrySeoul National UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea
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8
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Babic M, Veljovic K, Popović N, Golic N, Radojkovic D, Stankovic M. Antioxidant effect of lactic acid bacteria in human bronchial epithelial cells exposed to cigarette smoke. J Appl Microbiol 2023; 134:lxad257. [PMID: 37951288 DOI: 10.1093/jambio/lxad257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/13/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Chronic lung diseases are a major and increasing global health problem, commonly caused by cigarette smoke. We aimed to explore the antioxidant effects of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) against cigarette smoke in bronchial epithelial cells. METHODS AND RESULTS The antioxidant effects of 21 heat-killed (HK) LAB strains were tested in cigarette smoke-stimulated BEAS-2B cells and 3-D bronchospheres organoids. We showed that HK Lactiplantibacillus plantarum BGPKM22 possesses antioxidant activity against cigarette smoke, resistance to hydrogen peroxide, and free radical neutralizing activity. We demonstrated that HK BGPKM22 inhibited cigarette smoke-induced expression of the Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) and Nuclear factor erythroid 2 related factor 2 (Nrf2) genes. The cell-free supernatant (SN) of BGPKM22 fully confirmed the effects of HK BGPKM22. CONCLUSIONS For the first time, we revealed that HK and SN of Lactip. plantarum BGPKM22 possess antioxidant activity and modulate AhR and Nrf2 gene expression in bronchial epithelial cells exposed to cigarette smoke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirjana Babic
- Laboratory for Molecular Biology, Group for Molecular Biology, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, 11042 Belgrade, Republic of Serbia
| | - Katarina Veljovic
- Laboratory for Molecular Microbiology, Group for Probiotics and Microbiota-Host Interaction, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, 11042 Belgrade, Republic of Serbia
| | - Nikola Popović
- Laboratory for Molecular Microbiology, Group for Probiotics and Microbiota-Host Interaction, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, 11042 Belgrade, Republic of Serbia
| | - Natasa Golic
- Laboratory for Molecular Microbiology, Group for Probiotics and Microbiota-Host Interaction, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, 11042 Belgrade, Republic of Serbia
| | - Dragica Radojkovic
- Laboratory for Molecular Biology, Group for Molecular Biology, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, 11042 Belgrade, Republic of Serbia
| | - Marija Stankovic
- Laboratory for Molecular Biology, Group for Molecular Biology, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, 11042 Belgrade, Republic of Serbia
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9
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Hou JJ, Ma AH, Qin YH. Activation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor in inflammatory bowel disease: insights from gut microbiota. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1279172. [PMID: 37942478 PMCID: PMC10628454 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1279172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammatory intestinal disease that affects more than 3.5 million people, with rising prevalence. It deeply affects patients' daily life, increasing the burden on patients, families, and society. Presently, the etiology of IBD remains incompletely clarified, while emerging evidence has demonstrated that altered gut microbiota and decreased aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) activity are closely associated with IBD. Furthermore, microbial metabolites are capable of AHR activation as AHR ligands, while the AHR, in turn, affects the microbiota through various pathways. In light of the complex connection among gut microbiota, the AHR, and IBD, it is urgent to review the latest research progress in this field. In this review, we describe the role of gut microbiota and AHR activation in IBD and discussed the crosstalk between gut microbiota and the AHR in the context of IBD. Taken as a whole, we propose new therapeutic strategies targeting the AHR-microbiota axis for IBD, even for other related diseases caused by AHR-microbiota dysbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yue-Hua Qin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shaoxing People’s Hospital, Shaoxing, China
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10
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Aghara H, Chadha P, Zala D, Mandal P. Stress mechanism involved in the progression of alcoholic liver disease and the therapeutic efficacy of nanoparticles. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1205821. [PMID: 37841267 PMCID: PMC10570533 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1205821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) poses a significant threat to human health, with excessive alcohol intake disrupting the immunotolerant environment of the liver and initiating a cascade of pathological events. This progressive disease unfolds through fat deposition, proinflammatory cytokine upregulation, activation of hepatic stellate cells, and eventual development of end-stage liver disease, known as hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). ALD is intricately intertwined with stress mechanisms such as oxidative stress mediated by reactive oxygen species, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and alcohol-induced gut dysbiosis, culminating in increased inflammation. While the initial stages of ALD can be reversible with diligent care and abstinence, further progression necessitates alternative treatment approaches. Herbal medicines have shown promise, albeit limited by their poor water solubility and subsequent lack of extensive exploration. Consequently, researchers have embarked on a quest to overcome these challenges by delving into the potential of nanoparticle-mediated therapy. Nanoparticle-based treatments are being explored for liver diseases that share similar mechanisms with alcoholic liver disease. It underscores the potential of these innovative approaches to counteract the complex pathogenesis of ALD, providing new avenues for therapeutic intervention. Nevertheless, further investigations are imperative to fully unravel the therapeutic potential and unlock the promise of nanoparticle-mediated therapy specifically tailored for ALD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Palash Mandal
- P D Patel Institute of Applied Sciences, Charotar University of Science and Technology, Anand, Gujarat, India
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11
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Aghara H, Chadha P, Zala D, Mandal P. Stress mechanism involved in the progression of alcoholic liver disease and the therapeutic efficacy of nanoparticles. Front Immunol 2023; 14. [DOI: https:/doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2023.1205821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) poses a significant threat to human health, with excessive alcohol intake disrupting the immunotolerant environment of the liver and initiating a cascade of pathological events. This progressive disease unfolds through fat deposition, proinflammatory cytokine upregulation, activation of hepatic stellate cells, and eventual development of end-stage liver disease, known as hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). ALD is intricately intertwined with stress mechanisms such as oxidative stress mediated by reactive oxygen species, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and alcohol-induced gut dysbiosis, culminating in increased inflammation. While the initial stages of ALD can be reversible with diligent care and abstinence, further progression necessitates alternative treatment approaches. Herbal medicines have shown promise, albeit limited by their poor water solubility and subsequent lack of extensive exploration. Consequently, researchers have embarked on a quest to overcome these challenges by delving into the potential of nanoparticle-mediated therapy. Nanoparticle-based treatments are being explored for liver diseases that share similar mechanisms with alcoholic liver disease. It underscores the potential of these innovative approaches to counteract the complex pathogenesis of ALD, providing new avenues for therapeutic intervention. Nevertheless, further investigations are imperative to fully unravel the therapeutic potential and unlock the promise of nanoparticle-mediated therapy specifically tailored for ALD treatment.
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12
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Wang J, Ni R, Jiang T, Peng D, Ming Y, Cui H, Liu Y. The applications of functional materials-based nano-formulations in the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of chronic inflammation-related diseases. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1222642. [PMID: 37593176 PMCID: PMC10427346 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1222642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation, in general, refers to systemic immune abnormalities most often caused by the environment or lifestyle, which is the basis for various skin diseases, autoimmune diseases, cardiovascular diseases, liver diseases, digestive diseases, cancer, and so on. Therapeutic strategies have focused on immunosuppression and anti-inflammation, but conventional approaches have been poor in enhancing the substantive therapeutic effect of drugs. Nanomaterials continue to attract attention for their high flexibility, durability and simplicity of preparation, as well as high profitability. Nanotechnology is used in various areas of clinical medicine, such as medical diagnosis, monitoring and treatment. However, some related problems cannot be ignored, including various cytotoxic and worsening inflammation caused by the nanomaterials themselves. This paper provides an overview of functional nanomaterial formulations for the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of chronic inflammation-related diseases, with the intention of providing some reference for the enhancement and optimization of existing therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Wang
- Department of pharmacy, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Rui Ni
- Department of pharmacy, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Tingting Jiang
- Department of pharmacy, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Dan Peng
- Department of pharmacy, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yue Ming
- Department of pharmacy, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hongjuan Cui
- Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yao Liu
- Department of pharmacy, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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Thapa HB, Ebenberger SP, Schild S. The Two Faces of Bacterial Membrane Vesicles: Pathophysiological Roles and Therapeutic Opportunities. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1045. [PMID: 37370364 PMCID: PMC10295235 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12061045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial membrane vesicles (MVs) are nanosized lipid particles secreted by lysis or blebbing mechanisms from Gram-negative and -positive bacteria. It is becoming increasingly evident that MVs can promote antimicrobial resistance but also provide versatile opportunities for therapeutic exploitation. As non-living facsimiles of parent bacteria, MVs can carry multiple bioactive molecules such as proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, and metabolites, which enable them to participate in intra- and interspecific communication. Although energetically costly, the release of MVs seems beneficial for bacterial fitness, especially for pathogens. In this review, we briefly discuss the current understanding of diverse MV biogenesis routes affecting MV cargo. We comprehensively highlight the physiological functions of MVs derived from human pathogens covering in vivo adaptation, colonization fitness, and effector delivery. Emphasis is given to recent findings suggesting a vicious cycle of MV biogenesis, pathophysiological function, and antibiotic therapy. We also summarize potential therapeutical applications, such as immunotherapy, vaccination, targeted delivery, and antimicrobial potency, including their experimental validation. This comparative overview identifies common and unique strategies for MV modification used along diverse applications. Thus, the review summarizes timely aspects of MV biology in a so far unprecedented combination ranging from beneficial function for bacterial pathogen survival to future medical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Himadri B. Thapa
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Humboldtstrasse 50, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Stephan P. Ebenberger
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Humboldtstrasse 50, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Stefan Schild
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Humboldtstrasse 50, 8010 Graz, Austria
- BioTechMed Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Field of Excellence Biohealth, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
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14
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Mishra G, Singh P, Molla M, Yimer YS, Dinda SC, Chandra P, Singh BK, Dagnew SB, Assefa AN, Ewunetie A. Harnessing the potential of probiotics in the treatment of alcoholic liver disorders. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1212742. [PMID: 37361234 PMCID: PMC10287977 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1212742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
In the current scenario, prolonged consumption of alcohol across the globe is upsurging an appreciable number of patients with the risk of alcohol-associated liver diseases. According to the recent report, the gut-liver axis is crucial in the progression of alcohol-induced liver diseases, including steatosis, steatohepatitis, fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Despite several factors associated with alcoholic liver diseases, the complexity of the gut microflora and its great interaction with the liver have become a fascinating area for researchers due to the high exposure of the liver to free radicals, bacterial endotoxins, lipopolysaccharides, inflammatory markers, etc. Undoubtedly, alcohol-induced gut microbiota imbalance stimulates dysbiosis, disrupts the intestinal barrier function, and trigger immune as well as inflammatory responses which further aggravate hepatic injury. Since currently available drugs to mitigate liver disorders have significant side effects, hence, probiotics have been widely researched to alleviate alcohol-associated liver diseases and to improve liver health. A broad range of probiotic bacteria like Lactobacillus, Bifidobacteria, Escherichia coli, Sacchromyces, and Lactococcus are used to reduce or halt the progression of alcohol-associated liver diseases. Several underlying mechanisms, including alteration of the gut microbiome, modulation of intestinal barrier function and immune response, reduction in the level of endotoxins, and bacterial translocation, have been implicated through which probiotics can effectively suppress the occurrence of alcohol-induced liver disorders. This review addresses the therapeutic applications of probiotics in the treatment of alcohol-associated liver diseases. Novel insights into the mechanisms by which probiotics prevent alcohol-associated liver diseases have also been elaborated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garima Mishra
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Unit, Department of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Pradeep Singh
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Unit, Department of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Mulugeta Molla
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Unit, Department of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Yohannes Shumet Yimer
- Social Pharmacy Unit, Department of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | | | - Phool Chandra
- Department of Pharmacology, Teerthanker Mahaveer College of Pharmacy, Teerthanker Mahaveer University, Moradabad, India
| | | | - Samuel Berihun Dagnew
- Clinical Pharmacy Unit, Department of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Abraham Nigussie Assefa
- Social Pharmacy Unit, Department of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Amien Ewunetie
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Unit, Department of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
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15
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Liao Q, Su L, Pang L, Li J, Li H, Li J, Liu Y, Zhang J. Natural exosome-like nanoparticles derived from ancient medicinal insect Periplaneta americana L. as a novel diabetic wound healing accelerator. J Nanobiotechnology 2023; 21:169. [PMID: 37237376 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-023-01923-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Along with the recognized therapeutic outcomes of regenerative medicine, extracellular vesicles and their exosome subsets have become an alternative option for wound healing. Periplaneta americana L. (PA), an ancient and traditional medicinal insect, has been around for 300 million years, and displays magic formidable vitality and environmental adaptive ability. The linkage between intrinsic amputation regeneration feature and the acknowledged wound healing medicinal benefit of PA has never been revealed. Herein, inspired by the ability of exosomes to participate in the interkingdom communication, we explored whether this effect was ascribed to PA derived exosome-like nanoparticles (PA-ELNs). PA-ELNs were extracted by differential velocity centrifugation approach and characterized by DLS, NTA and TEM. Their cargoes were analyzed by LC-MS/MS proteomics and small RNA-seq analysis. The wound healing activity was verified in vivo and in vitro. PA-ELNs with a concentration of 2.33x109±6.35x107 particles/mL exhibited a lipid bilayer-bound membrane structure with an average size of 104.7 nm. Furthermore, the miRNA cargoes in PA-ELNs participate in some wound healing related signal pathways such as TGF-beta, mTOR, and autophagy. As expected, the in vitro tests indicated that PA-ELNs were apt to be internalized in HUVECs, L929 and RAW 264.7 cells and contributed to cell proliferation and migration. Most importantly, we demonstrated that the topical administration of PA-ELNs could remarkably accelerate wound healing in a diabetic mouse model, and was involved in anti-inflammatory, re-epithelialization and autophagy regulation. This study provides clear evidence for the first time that PA-ELNs, as diabetic wound healing accelerators, are the "bioactive code" of this ancient medicinal insect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.1166 Liutai Avenue,Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611137, China
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Lijun Su
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.1166 Liutai Avenue,Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Lan Pang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.1166 Liutai Avenue,Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Jiaxin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.1166 Liutai Avenue,Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Hui Li
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Jingjing Li
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yuling Liu
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China.
| | - Jinming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.1166 Liutai Avenue,Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611137, China.
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Vatsalya V, Royer AJ, Jha SK, Parthasarathy R, Tiwari H, Feng W, Ramchandani VA, Kirpich IA, McClain CJ. Drinking and laboratory biomarkers, and nutritional status characterize the clinical presentation of early-stage alcohol-associated liver disease. Adv Clin Chem 2023; 114:83-108. [PMID: 37268335 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acc.2023.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Chronic and heavy alcohol consumption is commonly observed in alcohol use disorder (AUD). AUD often leads to alcohol-associated organ injury, including alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD). Approximately 10-20% of patients with AUD progress to ALD. Progression of ALD from the development phase to more advanced states involve the interplay of several pathways, including nutritional alterations. Multiple pathologic processes have been identified in the progression and severity of ALD. However, there are major gaps in the characterization and understanding of the clinical presentation of early-stage ALD as assessed by clinical markers and laboratory measures. Several Institutions and Universities, including the University of Louisville, in collaboration with the National Institutes of Health, have published a series of manuscripts describing early-stage ALD over the past decade. Here, we comprehensively describe early-stage ALD using the liver injury and drinking history markers, and the laboratory biomarkers (with a focus on nutrition status) that are uniquely involved in the development and progression of early-stage ALD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vatsalya Vatsalya
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States; Alcohol Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States; National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, NIAAA, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States; Robley Rex VA Medical Center, Louisville, KY, United States.
| | - Amor J Royer
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Suman Kumar Jha
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Ranganathan Parthasarathy
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Harsh Tiwari
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Wenke Feng
- Alcohol Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY United States
| | - Vijay A Ramchandani
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, NIAAA, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Irina A Kirpich
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States; Alcohol Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY United States; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville, Louisville KY United States
| | - Craig J McClain
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States; Alcohol Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY United States; Robley Rex VA Medical Center, Louisville, KY, United States
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17
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Jiang M, Li F, Liu Y, Gu Z, Zhang L, Lee J, He L, Vatsalya V, Zhang HG, Deng Z, Zhang X, Chen SY, Guo GL, Barve S, McClain CJ, Feng W. Probiotic-derived nanoparticles inhibit ALD through intestinal miR194 suppression and subsequent FXR activation. Hepatology 2023; 77:1164-1180. [PMID: 35689610 PMCID: PMC9741667 DOI: 10.1002/hep.32608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Intestinal farnesoid X receptor (FXR) plays a critical role in alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD). We aimed to investigate whether alcohol-induced dysbiosis increased intestinal microRNA194 (miR194) that suppressed Fxr transcription and whether Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG-derived exosome-like nanoparticles (LDNPs) protected against ALD through regulation of intestinal miR194-FXR signaling in mice. APPROACH AND RESULTS Binge-on-chronic alcohol exposure mouse model was utilized. In addition to the decreased ligand-mediated FXR activation, alcohol feeding repressed intestinal Fxr transcription and increased miR194 expression. This transcriptional suppression of Fxr by miR194 was confirmed in intestinal epithelial Caco-2 cells and mouse enteriods. The alcohol feeding-reduced intestinal FXR activation was further demonstrated by the reduced FXR reporter activity in fecal samples and by the decreased fibroblast growth factor 15 (Fgf15) messenger RNA (mRNA) in intestine and protein levels in the serum, which caused an increased hepatic bile acid synthesis and lipogeneses. We further demonstrated that alcohol feeding increased-miR194 expression was mediated by taurine-upregulated gene 1 (Tug1) through gut microbiota regulation of taurine metabolism. Importantly, 3-day oral administration of LDNPs increased bile salt hydrolase (BSH)-harboring bacteria that decreased conjugated bile acids and increased gut taurine concentration, which upregulated Tug1, leading to a suppression of intestinal miR194 expression and recovery of FXR activation. Activated FXR upregulated FGF15 signaling and subsequently reduced hepatic bile acid synthesis and lipogenesis and attenuated ALD. These protective effects of LDNPs were eliminated in intestinal FxrΔIEC and Fgf15-/- mice. We further showed that miR194 was upregulated, whereas BSH activity and taurine levels were decreased in fecal samples of patients with ALD. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrated that gut microbiota-mediated miR194 regulation contributes to ALD pathogenesis and to the protective effects of LDNPs through modulating intestinal FXR signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengwei Jiang
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
- Alcohol Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Fengyuan Li
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
- Alcohol Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Yunhuan Liu
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
- Alcohol Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Zelin Gu
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
- Alcohol Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Lihua Zhang
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
- Alcohol Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Jiyeon Lee
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
- Alcohol Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Liqing He
- Alcohol Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, KY, USA
- Hepatobiology & Toxicology Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Vatsalya Vatsalya
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
- Alcohol Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Huang-Ge Zhang
- Alcohol Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
- Robley Rex VA Medical Center, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Zhongbin Deng
- Department of Surgery, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Alcohol Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, KY, USA
- Hepatobiology & Toxicology Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Shao-Yu Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
- Alcohol Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Grace L Guo
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Shirish Barve
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
- Alcohol Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
- Hepatobiology & Toxicology Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Craig J. McClain
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
- Alcohol Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
- Hepatobiology & Toxicology Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
- Robley Rex VA Medical Center, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Wenke Feng
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
- Alcohol Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
- Hepatobiology & Toxicology Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
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18
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Salemi R, Vivarelli S, Ricci D, Scillato M, Santagati M, Gattuso G, Falzone L, Libra M. Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG cell-free supernatant as a novel anti-cancer adjuvant. J Transl Med 2023; 21:195. [PMID: 36918929 PMCID: PMC10015962 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04036-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gut microbiota modulation has been demonstrated to be effective in protecting patients against detrimental effects of anti-cancer therapies, as well as to improve the efficacy of certain anti-cancer treatments. Among the most characterized probiotics, Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) is currently utilized in clinics to alleviate diarrhea, mucositis or intestinal damage which might be associated with several triggers, including Clostridium difficile infections, inflammatory gut diseases, antibiotic consumption, chemotherapy or radiation therapy. Here, we investigate whether LGG cell-free supernatant (LGG-SN) might exert anti-proliferative activity toward colon cancer and metastatic melanoma cells. Moreover, we assess the potential adjuvant effect of LGG-SN in combination with anti-cancer drugs. METHODS LGG-SN alone or in combination with either 5-Fuorouracil and Irinotecan was used to treat human colon and human melanoma cancer cell lines. Dimethylimidazol-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay was employed to detect cellular viability. Trypan blue staining, anti-cleaved caspase-3 and anti-total versus anti-cleaved PARP western blots, and annexin V/propidium iodide flow cytometry analyses were used to assess cell death. Flow cytometry measurement of cellular DNA content (with propidium iodide staining) together with qPCR analysis of cyclins expression were used to assess cell cycle. RESULTS We demonstrate that LGG-SN is able to selectively reduce the viability of cancer cells in a concentration-dependent way. While LGG-SN does not exert any anti-proliferative activity on control fibroblasts. In cancer cells, the reduction in viability is not associated with apoptosis induction, but with a mitotic arrest in the G2/M phase of cell cycle. Additionally, LGG-SN sensitizes cancer cells to both 5-Fluorouracil and Irinotecan, thereby showing a positive synergistic action. CONCLUSION Overall, our results suggest that LGG-SN may contain one or more bioactive molecules with anti-cancer activity which sensitize cancer cells to chemotherapeutic drugs. Thus, LGG could be proposed as an ideal candidate for ground-breaking integrated approaches to be employed in oncology, to reduce chemotherapy-related side effects and overcome resistance or relapse issues, thus ameliorating the therapeutic response in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rossella Salemi
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of General Pathology, Clinics and Oncology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Silvia Vivarelli
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of General Pathology, Clinics and Oncology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.,Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences, Morphological and Functional Imaging, Section of Occupational Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Daria Ricci
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of General Pathology, Clinics and Oncology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Marina Scillato
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Microbiology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Maria Santagati
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Microbiology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Gattuso
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of General Pathology, Clinics and Oncology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Luca Falzone
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS Fondazione G. Pascale, Naples, Italy
| | - Massimo Libra
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of General Pathology, Clinics and Oncology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy. .,Research Center for Prevention, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Cancer, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.
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19
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Cheng Y, Xiang X, Liu C, Cai T, Li T, Chen Y, Bai J, Shi H, Zheng T, Huang M, Fu W. Transcriptomic Analysis Reveals Lactobacillus reuteri Alleviating Alcohol-Induced Liver Injury in Mice by Enhancing the Farnesoid X Receptor Signaling Pathway. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:12550-12564. [PMID: 36154116 PMCID: PMC9546515 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c05591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is caused by alcohol abuse and can progress to hepatitis, cirrhosis, and even hepatocellular carcinoma. Previous studies suggested that Lactobacillus reuteri (L. reuteri) ameliorates ALD, but the exact mechanisms are not fully known. This study created an ALD model in mice, and the results showed L. reuteri significantly alleviating lipid accumulation in the mice. Transcriptome sequencing showed the L. reuteri treatment group had the most enriched metabolic pathway genes. We then studied the farnesoid X receptor (FXR) metabolic pathway in the mice liver tissue. Western blot analysis showed that FXR and carbohydrate response element binding protein (ChREBP) were upregulated and sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1 (Srebf1) and Cluster of differentiation (CD36) were downregulated in the L. reuteri-treated group. Subsequently, we administered FXR inhibitor glycine-β-muricholic acid (Gly-β-MCA) to mice, and the results show that Gly-β-MCA could reduce the therapeutic effect of L. ruteri. In conclusion, our study shows L. reuteri improved liver lipid accumulation in mice via the FXR signaling regulatory axis and may be a viable treatment option for ALD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonglang Cheng
- Department
of General Surgery (Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery), The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Xin Xiang
- Department
of General Surgery, The First People’s
Hospital of Neijiang, Neijiang641000, Sichuan, China
| | - Chen Liu
- Department
of General Surgery (Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery), The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Tianying Cai
- Department
of General Surgery (Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery), The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Tongxi Li
- Department
of General Surgery (Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery), The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Yifan Chen
- Department
of General Surgery (Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery), The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Junjie Bai
- Department
of General Surgery (Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery), The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Hao Shi
- Department
of General Surgery (Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery), The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Tianxiang Zheng
- Department
of General Surgery (Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery), The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Meizhou Huang
- Academician
(Expert) Workstation of Sichuan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Wenguang Fu
- Department
of General Surgery (Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery), The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou646000, Sichuan, China
- Academician
(Expert) Workstation of Sichuan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou646000, Sichuan, China
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20
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Warner JB, Guenthner SC, Hardesty JE, McClain CJ, Warner DR, Kirpich IA. Liver-specific drug delivery platforms: Applications for the treatment of alcohol-associated liver disease. World J Gastroenterol 2022; 28:5280-5299. [PMID: 36185629 PMCID: PMC9521517 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v28.i36.5280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD) is a common chronic liver disease and major contributor to liver disease-related deaths worldwide. Despite its pre-valence, there are few effective pharmacological options for the severe stages of this disease. While much pre-clinical research attention is paid to drug development in ALD, many of these experimental therapeutics have limitations such as poor pharmacokinetics, poor efficacy, or off-target side effects due to systemic administration. One means of addressing these limitations is through liver-targeted drug delivery, which can be accomplished with different platforms including liposomes, polymeric nanoparticles, exosomes, bacteria, and adeno-associated viruses, among others. These platforms allow drugs to target the liver passively or actively, thereby reducing systemic circulation and increasing the ‘effective dose’ in the liver. While many studies, some clinical, have applied targeted delivery systems to other liver diseases such as viral hepatitis or hepatocellular carcinoma, only few have investigated their efficacy in ALD. This review provides basic information on these liver-targeting drug delivery platforms, including their benefits and limitations, and summarizes the current research efforts to apply them to the treatment of ALD in rodent models. We also discuss gaps in knowledge in the field, which when addressed, may help to increase the efficacy of novel therapies and better translate them to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey Barr Warner
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, United States
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, United States
| | - Steven Corrigan Guenthner
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, United States
| | - Josiah Everett Hardesty
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, United States
| | - Craig James McClain
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, United States
- Alcohol Research Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, United States
- Hepatobiology and Toxicology Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, United States
- Veterans Health Administration, Robley Rex Veterans Medical Center, Louisville, KY 40206, United States
| | - Dennis Ray Warner
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, United States
| | - Irina Andreyevna Kirpich
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, United States
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, United States
- Alcohol Research Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, United States
- Hepatobiology and Toxicology Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, United States
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, United States
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21
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Song M, Cui M, Fang Z, Liu K. Advanced research on extracellular vesicles based oral drug delivery systems. J Control Release 2022; 351:560-572. [PMID: 36179765 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.09.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The oral route is the most convenient and simplest mode of administration. Nevertheless, orally administration of some commonly used therapeutic drugs, such as polypeptides, therapeutic proteins, small-molecule drugs, and nucleic acids, remains a major challenge due to the harsh gastrointestinal environment and the limited oral bioavailability. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are diverse, nanoscale phospholipid vesicles that are actively released by cells and play crucial roles in intercellular communications. Some EVs have been shown to survive with the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) and can cross biological barriers. The potential of EVs to cross the GIT barrier makes them promising natural delivery carriers for orally administered drugs. Here, we introduce the uniqueness of EVs and their feasibility as oral drug delivery vehicles (ODDVs). Then we provide a general description of the different cellular EVs based oral drug delivery systems (ODDSs) currently under study and emphasize the contribution of endogenous features and multifunctional properties of EVs to the delivery performance. The current obstacles of moving EVs based ODDSs from bench to bedside are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengdi Song
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Mingxiao Cui
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Zhou Fang
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Kehai Liu
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China.
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22
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Gut Microbiota Regulation of AHR Signaling in Liver Disease. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12091244. [PMID: 36139083 PMCID: PMC9496174 DOI: 10.3390/biom12091244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver health plays a vital role in human health and disease. Emerging evidence has shown the importance of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) in liver diseases such as alcoholic liver disease, fatty liver disease, and liver failure. As a ligand-activated transcription factor, AHR can be activated by endogenous ligands of microbial metabolites such as tryptophan (Trp), kynurenine (Kyn) or indole derivatives locally or distantly. However, the therapeutic effects of the gut microbiota-regulated AHR pathway remain to be clarified. In this review, we summarize recent progress and examine the role of AHR signaling as a target for gut microbiota intervention in liver diseases. The focus on AHR signaling will identify a promising target in the gut microbiota for better understanding and therapeutic opportunities in liver diseases.
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23
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Teixeira LD, Harrison NA, da Silva DR, Mathews CE, Gonzalez CF, Lorca GL. Nanovesicles From Lactobacillus johnsonii N6.2 Reduce Apoptosis in Human Beta Cells by Promoting AHR Translocation and IL10 Secretion. Front Immunol 2022; 13:899413. [PMID: 35757772 PMCID: PMC9221839 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.899413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
L. johnsonii N6.2 releases nano-sized vesicles (NVs) with distinct protein and lipid contents. We hypothesized that these NVs play a central role in the delivery of bioactive molecules that may act as mechanistic effectors in immune modulation. In this report, we observed that addition of NVs to the human pancreatic cell line βlox5 reduced cytokine-induced apoptosis. Through RNAseq analyses, increased expression of CYP1A1, CYP1B1, AHRR, and TIPARP genes in the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) pathways were found to be significantly induced in presence of NVs. AHR nuclear translocation was confirmed by confocal microscopy. The role of NVs on beta cell function was further evaluated using primary human pancreatic islets. It was found that NVs significantly increased insulin secretion in presence of high glucose concentrations. These increases positively correlated with increased GLUT6 and SREBF1 mRNA and coincided with reduced oxidative stress markers. Furthermore, incubation of NVs with THP-1 macrophages promoted the M2 tolerogenic phenotype through STAT3 activation, expression of AHR-dependent genes and secretion of IL10. Altogether, our findings indicate that bacterial NVs have the potential to modulate glucose homeostasis in the host by directly affecting insulin secretion by islets and through the induction of a tolerogenic immune phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leandro D Teixeira
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, Genetics Institute, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Natalie A Harrison
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, Genetics Institute, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Danilo R da Silva
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, Genetics Institute, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Clayton E Mathews
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Claudio F Gonzalez
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, Genetics Institute, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Graciela L Lorca
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, Genetics Institute, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
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24
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Frazier K, Kambal A, Zale EA, Pierre JF, Hubert N, Miyoshi S, Miyoshi J, Ringus DL, Harris D, Yang K, Carroll K, Hermanson JB, Chlystek JS, Overmyer KA, Cham CM, Musch MW, Coon JJ, Chang EB, Leone VA. High-fat diet disrupts REG3γ and gut microbial rhythms promoting metabolic dysfunction. Cell Host Microbe 2022; 30:809-823.e6. [PMID: 35439436 PMCID: PMC9281554 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2022.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Gut microbial diurnal oscillations are important diet-dependent drivers of host circadian rhythms and metabolism ensuring optimal energy balance. However, the interplay between diet, microbes, and host factors sustaining intestinal oscillations is complex and poorly understood. Here, using a mouse model, we report the host C-type lectin antimicrobial peptide Reg3γ works with key ileal microbes to orchestrate these interactions in a bidirectional manner and does not correlate with the intestinal core circadian clock. High-fat diet is the primary driver of microbial oscillators that impair host metabolic homeostasis, resulting in arrhythmic host Reg3γ expression that secondarily drives abundance and oscillation of key gut microbes. This illustrates transkingdom coordination of biological rhythms primarily influenced by diet and reciprocal sensor-effector signals between host and microbial components, ultimately driving metabolism. Restoring the gut microbiota's capacity to sense dietary signals mediated by specific host factors such as Reg3γ could be harnessed to improve metabolic dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katya Frazier
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Amal Kambal
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Zale
- Infectious Diseases Division, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Joseph F Pierre
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Nathaniel Hubert
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Sawako Miyoshi
- Department of General Medicine, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Tokyo 1818611, Japan
| | - Jun Miyoshi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Tokyo 1818611, Japan
| | - Daina L Ringus
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Dylan Harris
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Karen Yang
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Katherine Carroll
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Jake B Hermanson
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - John S Chlystek
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53506, USA
| | - Katherine A Overmyer
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53506, USA; National Center for Quantitative Biology of Complex Systems, Madison, WI 53706, USA; Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI 53715, USA
| | - Candace M Cham
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Mark W Musch
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Joshua J Coon
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53506, USA; National Center for Quantitative Biology of Complex Systems, Madison, WI 53706, USA; Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI 53715, USA; Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Eugene B Chang
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Vanessa A Leone
- Department of Animal & Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
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25
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Bajaj JS, Ng SC, Schnabl B. Promises of microbiome-based therapies. J Hepatol 2022; 76:1379-1391. [PMID: 35589257 PMCID: PMC9588437 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2021.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Humans harbour large quantities of microbes, including bacteria, fungi, viruses and archaea, in the gut. Patients with liver disease exhibit changes in the intestinal microbiota and gut barrier dysfunction. Preclinical models demonstrate the importance of the gut microbiota in the pathogenesis of various liver diseases. In this review, we discuss how manipulation of the gut microbiota can be used as a novel treatment approach for liver disease. We summarise current data on untargeted approaches, including probiotics and faecal microbiota transplantation, and precision microbiome-centered therapies, including engineered bacteria, postbiotics and phages, for the treatment of liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmohan S Bajaj
- Department of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University and Central Virginia Veterans Healthcare System, Richmond, Virginia, USA.
| | - Siew C Ng
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Science, Institute of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong; Microbiota I-Center (MagIC), The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.
| | - Bernd Schnabl
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Department of Medicine, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA.
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26
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Domínguez Rubio AP, D'Antoni CL, Piuri M, Pérez OE. Probiotics, Their Extracellular Vesicles and Infectious Diseases. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:864720. [PMID: 35432276 PMCID: PMC9006447 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.864720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Probiotics have been shown to be effective against infectious diseases in clinical trials, with either intestinal or extraintestinal health benefits. Even though probiotic effects are strain-specific, some "widespread effects" include: pathogen inhibition, enhancement of barrier integrity and regulation of immune responses. The mechanisms involved in the health benefits of probiotics are not completely understood, but these effects can be mediated, at least in part, by probiotic-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs). However, to date, there are no clinical trials examining probiotic-derived EVs health benefits against infectious diseases. There is still a long way to go to bridge the gap between basic research and clinical practice. This review attempts to summarize the current knowledge about EVs released by probiotic bacteria to understand their possible role in the prevention and/or treatment of infectious diseases. A better understanding of the mechanisms whereby EVs package their cargo and the process involved in communication with host cells (inter-kingdom communication), would allow further advances in this field. In addition, we comment on the potential use and missing knowledge of EVs as therapeutic agents (postbiotics) against infectious diseases. Future research on probiotic-derived EVs is needed to open new avenues for the encapsulation of bioactives inside EVs from GRAS (Generally Regarded as Safe) bacteria. This could be a scientific novelty with applications in functional foods and pharmaceutical industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Paula Domínguez Rubio
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Cecilia L D'Antoni
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mariana Piuri
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Oscar E Pérez
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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27
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Chen L, Zhu Y, Hou X, Yang L, Chu H. The Role of Gut Bacteria and Fungi in Alcohol-Associated Liver Disease. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:840752. [PMID: 35308525 PMCID: PMC8927088 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.840752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cirrhosis and liver cancer caused by alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD) are serious threats to people's health. In addition to hepatic cell apoptosis and liver inflammation caused by oxidative stress during alcohol metabolism, intestinal microbiota disorders are also involved in the onset and development of ALD. Ethanol and its' oxidative and non-oxidative metabolites, together with dysbiosis-caused-inflammation, destroys the intestinal barrier. Changes of several microbial metabolites, such as bile acids, short-chain fatty acids, and amino acid, are closely associated with gut dysbiosis in ALD. The alcohol-caused dysbiosis can further influence intestinal barrier-related proteins, such as mucin2, bile acid-related receptors, and aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), and these abnormal changes also participate in the injury of the intestinal barrier and hepatic steatosis. Gut-derived bacteria, fungi, and their toxins, such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and β-glucan translocate into the liver through the damaged intestinal barrier and promote the progression of inflammation and fibrosis of ALD. Thus, the prevention of alcohol-induced disruption of intestinal permeability has a beneficial effect on ALD. Currently, multiple therapeutic treatments have been applied to restore the gut microbiota of patients with ALD. Fecal microbial transplantation, probiotics, antibiotics, and many other elements has already shown their ability of restoring the gut microbiota. Targeted approaches, such as using bacteriophages to remove cytolytic Enterococcus faecalis, and supplement with Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, or boulardii are also powerful therapeutic options for ALD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liuying Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yixin Zhu
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Xiaohua Hou
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Xiaohua Hou
| | - Ling Yang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Ling Yang
| | - Huikuan Chu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Huikuan Chu
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28
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Villageliu DN, Samuelson DR. The Role of Bacterial Membrane Vesicles in Human Health and Disease. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:828704. [PMID: 35300484 PMCID: PMC8923303 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.828704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial membrane vesicles (MVs) are nanoparticles derived from the membrane components of bacteria that transport microbial derived substances. MVs are ubiquitous across a variety of terrestrial and marine environments and vary widely in their composition and function. Membrane vesicle functional diversity is staggering: MVs facilitate intercellular communication by delivering quorum signals, genetic information, and small molecules active against a variety of receptors. MVs can deliver destructive virulence factors, alter the composition of the microbiota, take part in the formation of biofilms, assist in the uptake of nutrients, and serve as a chemical waste removal system for bacteria. MVs also facilitate host-microbe interactions including communication. Released in mass, MVs overwhelm the host immune system and injure host tissues; however, there is also evidence that vesicles may take part in processes which promote host health. This review will examine the ascribed functions of MVs within the context of human health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Derrick R. Samuelson
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
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29
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Gu Z, Meng S, Wang Y, Lyu B, Li P, Shang N. A novel bioactive postbiotics: from microbiota-derived extracellular nanoparticles to health promoting. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 63:6885-6899. [PMID: 35179102 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2039897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, the emerging concern regarding safety issues associated with live bacterial cells is enhancing the interest in using cell components and metabolites derived from microbiota. Therefore, the term "postbiotics" is increasingly found in food microbiology, food scientific and commercial products. Postbiotics is defined as non-viable microorganisms or their components that provide benefits to the host. Many in vivo and in vitro experiments have shown that beneficial microbiota-generated extracellular nanoparticles (NPs) confer unique health promoting functions to the intestinal local and systemic effects, which can be considered as a novel postbiotics. Meanwhile, the postbiotics-NPs is a protective complex, delivering bioactive components to reach distant tissues and organs at high concentrations. These properties demonstrate that postbiotics-NPs may contribute to the improvement of host health by regulating specific gut microbiota and physiological functions, while the exact mechanisms are not fully elucidated. This review highlights the current understanding of postbiotics-NPs functional properties and mechanisms of health benefits, especially focusing on the interactions in gut microbiota and host, functions in human health and potential applications in future functional food and biomedical fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zelin Gu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Shuhan Meng
- Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Yu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Lyu
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Pinglan Li
- Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Nan Shang
- College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Healthy, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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30
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Jeong JJ, Park HJ, Cha MG, Park E, Won SM, Ganesan R, Gupta H, Gebru YA, Sharma SP, Lee SB, Kwon GH, Jeong MK, Min BH, Hyun JY, Eom JA, Yoon SJ, Choi MR, Kim DJ, Suk KT. The Lactobacillus as a Probiotic: Focusing on Liver Diseases. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10020288. [PMID: 35208742 PMCID: PMC8879051 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10020288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past decade, scientific evidence for the properties, functions, and beneficial effects of probiotics for humans has continued to accumulate. Interest in the use of probiotics for humans has increased tremendously. Among various microorganisms, probiotics using bacteria have been widely studied and commercialized, and, among them, Lactobacillus is representative. This genus contains about 300 species of bacteria (recently differentiated into 23 genera) and countless strains have been reported. They improved a wide range of diseases including liver disease, gastrointestinal diseases, respiratory diseases, and autoimmune diseases. Here, we intend to discuss in depth the genus Lactobacillus as a representative probiotic for chronic liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ki Tae Suk
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-10-5365-5700; Fax: +82-033-248-3481
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31
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Zhao Z, Guo Z, Yin Z, Qiu Y, Zhou B. Gut Microbiota Was Involved in the Process of Liver Injury During Intra-Abdominal Hypertension. Front Physiol 2021; 12:790182. [PMID: 34955896 PMCID: PMC8703017 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.790182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Intestinal damage caused by intra-abdominal hypertension (IAH) and abdominal compartment syndrome (ACS) can lead to the ectopic gut microbiota, which can contribute to liver injury via portal veins. Therefore, it is speculated that gut microbiota disorder caused by IAH/ACS may result in liver injury. The relationship between gut microbiota and IAH/ACS-related liver injury was investigated in this study. Methods: A model of IAH was established in rats, and 16S rRNA sequencing was analyzed for gut microbiota in the feces of rats. The elimination of gut microbiota was completed by antibiotics gavage, and fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) was used to change the composition of gut microbiota in rats. Results: In addition to the traditional cause of liver blood vessel compression, liver injury caused by IAH was also associated with gut microbiota dysbiosis. Gut microbiota clearance can relieve liver injury caused by IAH, while FMT from IAH-intervened rats can aggravate IAH-related liver injury. Conclusion: The gut microbiota was one of the most important factors contributing to the IAH-related liver injury, and the JNK/p38 signaling pathway was activated in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeyu Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Zhengchang Guo
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Zhengliang Yin
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yue Qiu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Bo Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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32
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Tong L, Zhang X, Hao H, Liu Q, Zhou Z, Liang X, Liu T, Gong P, Zhang L, Zhai Z, Hao Y, Yi H. Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG Derived Extracellular Vesicles Modulate Gut Microbiota and Attenuate Inflammatory in DSS-Induced Colitis Mice. Nutrients 2021; 13:3319. [PMID: 34684320 PMCID: PMC8541209 DOI: 10.3390/nu13103319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a relapsing and remitting inflammatory disease. Probiotics have a potential beneficial effect on the prevention of UC onset and relapse in clinical trials. Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (L. rhamnosus GG) have shown clinical benefits on UC patients, however, the precise mechanisms are unknown. The aim of this study is to explore the effect of extracellular vesicles released from L. rhamnosus GG (LGG-EVs) on dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis and propose the underlying mechanism of LGG-EVs for protecting against colitis. The results showed that LGG-EVs could prevent colonic tissue damage and shortening of the colon (p < 0.01), and ameliorate intestinal inflammation by inhibiting TLR4-NF-κB-NLRP3 axis activation. Consistently, the pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-2) were suppressed effectively upon LGG-EVs treatment (p < 0.05). The 16S rRNA sequencing showed that LGG-EVs administration could reshape the gut microbiota in DSS-induced colitis mice, which further alters the metabolism pathways of gut microbiota. These findings propose a novel perspective of L. rhamnosus GG in attenuating inflammation mediated by extracellular vesicles and offer consideration for developing oral gavage of LGG-EVs for colitis therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingjun Tong
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; (L.T.); (X.Z.); (H.H.); (Q.L.); (Z.Z.); (X.L.); (T.L.); (P.G.); (L.Z.)
| | - Xinyi Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; (L.T.); (X.Z.); (H.H.); (Q.L.); (Z.Z.); (X.L.); (T.L.); (P.G.); (L.Z.)
| | - Haining Hao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; (L.T.); (X.Z.); (H.H.); (Q.L.); (Z.Z.); (X.L.); (T.L.); (P.G.); (L.Z.)
| | - Qiqi Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; (L.T.); (X.Z.); (H.H.); (Q.L.); (Z.Z.); (X.L.); (T.L.); (P.G.); (L.Z.)
| | - Zihan Zhou
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; (L.T.); (X.Z.); (H.H.); (Q.L.); (Z.Z.); (X.L.); (T.L.); (P.G.); (L.Z.)
| | - Xi Liang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; (L.T.); (X.Z.); (H.H.); (Q.L.); (Z.Z.); (X.L.); (T.L.); (P.G.); (L.Z.)
| | - Tongjie Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; (L.T.); (X.Z.); (H.H.); (Q.L.); (Z.Z.); (X.L.); (T.L.); (P.G.); (L.Z.)
| | - Pimin Gong
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; (L.T.); (X.Z.); (H.H.); (Q.L.); (Z.Z.); (X.L.); (T.L.); (P.G.); (L.Z.)
| | - Lanwei Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; (L.T.); (X.Z.); (H.H.); (Q.L.); (Z.Z.); (X.L.); (T.L.); (P.G.); (L.Z.)
| | - Zhengyuan Zhai
- Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Co-Constructed by Ministry of Education and Beijing Municipality, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (Z.Z.); (Y.H.)
| | - Yanling Hao
- Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Co-Constructed by Ministry of Education and Beijing Municipality, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (Z.Z.); (Y.H.)
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Huaxi Yi
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; (L.T.); (X.Z.); (H.H.); (Q.L.); (Z.Z.); (X.L.); (T.L.); (P.G.); (L.Z.)
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Plant-derived exosome-like nanoparticles and their therapeutic activities. Asian J Pharm Sci 2021; 17:53-69. [PMID: 35261644 PMCID: PMC8888139 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajps.2021.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanotechnologies have been successfully applied to the treatment of various diseases. Plant-derived exosome-like nanoparticles (PENs) are expected to become effective therapeutic modalities for treating disease or in drug-delivery. PENs are minimally cytotoxic to healthy tissues, with which they show excellent biocompatibility, and are biased towards tumors by targeting specific tissues through special endocytosis mechanisms. Thus, the use of these PENs may expand the scope of drug therapies while reducing the off-target effects. In this review, we summarize the fundamental features and bioactivities of PENs extracted from the grape, grapefruit, ginger, lemon, and broccoli and discuss the applications of these particles as therapeutics and nanocarriers.
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