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Wu Z, Petrick JL, Florio AA, Guillemette C, Beane Freeman LE, Buring JE, Bradwin G, Caron P, Chen Y, Eliassen AH, Engel LS, Freedman ND, Gaziano JM, Giovannuci EL, Hofmann JN, Huang WY, Kirsh VA, Kitahara CM, Koshiol J, Lee IM, Liao LM, Newton CC, Palmer JR, Purdue MP, Rohan TE, Rosenberg L, Sesso HD, Sinha R, Stampfer MJ, Um CY, Van Den Eeden SK, Visvanathan K, Wactawski-Wende J, Zeleniuch-Jacquotte A, Zhang X, Graubard BI, Campbell PT, McGlynn KA. Endogenous sex steroid hormones and risk of liver cancer among US men: Results from the Liver Cancer Pooling Project. JHEP Rep 2023; 5:100742. [PMID: 37425211 PMCID: PMC10326694 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhepr.2023.100742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background & Aims Incidence rates of liver cancer in most populations are two to three times higher among men than women. The higher rates among men have led to the suggestion that androgens are related to increased risk whereas oestrogens are related to decreased risk. This hypothesis was investigated in the present study via a nested case-control analysis of pre-diagnostic sex steroid hormone levels among men in five US cohorts. Methods Concentrations of sex steroid hormones and sex hormone-binding globulin were quantitated using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and a competitive electrochemiluminescence immunoassay, respectively. Multivariable conditional logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% CIs for associations between hormones and liver cancer among 275 men who subsequently developed liver cancer and 768 comparison men. Results Higher concentrations of total testosterone (OR per one-unit increase in log2 = 1.77, 95% CI = 1.38-2.29), dihydrotestosterone (OR = 1.76, 95% CI = 1.21-2.57), oestrone (OR = 1.74, 95% CI = 1.08-2.79), total oestradiol (OR = 1.58, 95% CI=1.22-20.05), and sex hormone-binding globulin (OR = 1.63, 95% CI = 1.27-2.11) were associated with increased risk. Higher concentrations of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), however, were associated with a 53% decreased risk (OR = 0.47, 95% CI = 0.33-0.68). Conclusions Higher concentrations of both androgens (testosterone, dihydrotestosterone) and their aromatised oestrogenic metabolites (oestrone, oestradiol) were observed among men who subsequently developed liver cancer compared with men who did not. As DHEA is an adrenal precursor of both androgens and oestrogens, these results may suggest that a lower capacity to convert DHEA to androgens, and their subsequent conversion to oestrogens, confers a lower risk of liver cancer, whereas a greater capacity to convert DHEA confers a greater risk. Impact and implications This study does not fully support the current hormone hypothesis as both androgen and oestrogen levels were associated with increased risk of liver cancer among men. The study also found that higher DHEA levels were associated with lower risk, thus suggesting the hypothesis that greater capacity to convert DHEA could be associated with increased liver cancer risk among men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeni Wu
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | | | - Andrea A. Florio
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Chantal Guillemette
- Pharmacogenomics Laboratory, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec-(CHU de Québec) Research Center–Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Cancer Research Center, Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Laura E. Beane Freeman
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Julie E. Buring
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gary Bradwin
- Clinical and Epidemiologic Research Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Patrick Caron
- Pharmacogenomics Laboratory, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec-(CHU de Québec) Research Center–Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Yu Chen
- Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - A. Heather Eliassen
- Department of Epidemiology, T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Nutrition, T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lawrence S. Engel
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Neal D. Freedman
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - J. Michael Gaziano
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Edward L. Giovannuci
- Department of Epidemiology, T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Nutrition, T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jonathan N. Hofmann
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Wen-Yi Huang
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Victoria A. Kirsh
- Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Epidemiology Division, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Cari M. Kitahara
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Jill Koshiol
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - I-Min Lee
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Linda M. Liao
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | | | - Julie R. Palmer
- Slone Epidemiology Center, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mark P. Purdue
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Thomas E. Rohan
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lynn Rosenberg
- Slone Epidemiology Center, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Howard D. Sesso
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rashmi Sinha
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Meir J. Stampfer
- Department of Epidemiology, T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Nutrition, T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Caroline Y. Um
- Department of Population Science, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Kala Visvanathan
- Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jean Wactawski-Wende
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | | | - Xuehong Zhang
- Department of Nutrition, T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Barry I. Graubard
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | | | - Katherine A. McGlynn
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
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Watts EL, Perez-Cornago A, Knuppel A, Tsilidis KK, Key TJ, Travis RC. Prospective analyses of testosterone and sex hormone-binding globulin with the risk of 19 types of cancer in men and postmenopausal women in UK Biobank. Int J Cancer 2021; 149:573-584. [PMID: 33720423 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.33555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the associations of estimated free and total circulating testosterone and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) with cancer risk in men and postmenopausal women, using a pan-cancer approach, including 19 cancers in UK Biobank. Risk was estimated using multivariable-adjusted Cox regression in up to 182 608 men and 122 112 postmenopausal women who were cancer-free at baseline. Participants diagnosed with cancer within 2 years of baseline were excluded. Hazard ratios (HRs) and confidence intervals (CIs) were corrected for regression dilution bias using repeat measurements. We accounted for multiple testing using the false discovery rate. In men, higher free testosterone was associated with higher risks of melanoma and prostate cancer (HR per 50 pmol/L increase = 1.35, 95% CI 1.14-1.61 and 1.10, 1.04-1.18, respectively). Higher total testosterone was associated with an elevated risk of liver cancer (HR per 5 nmol/L = 2.45, 1.56-3.84), and higher SHBG was associated with a higher risk of liver cancer (HR per 10 nmol/L = 1.56, 1.31-1.87) and a lower risk of prostate cancer (0.93, 0.91-0.96); the associations with liver cancer were partially attenuated after excluding men diagnosed within 4.7 years from baseline. In postmenopausal women, free and total testosterone and SHBG were associated with risks of endometrial (HR per 10 pmol/L = 1.59, 1.32-1.90; HR per 0.5 nmol/L = 1.34, 1.18-1.52 and HR per 25 nmol/L = 0.78, 0.67-0.91, respectively) and breast cancer (1.32, 1.22-1.43; 1.24, 1.17-1.31 and 0.88, 0.83-0.94, respectively). We report a novel association of free testosterone with malignant melanoma in men, and confirm known associations between testosterone and risks for prostate, breast and endometrial cancers. The association with liver cancer in men may be attributable to reverse causation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleanor L Watts
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Aurora Perez-Cornago
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Anika Knuppel
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Konstantinos K Tsilidis
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina School of Medicine, Ioannina, Greece
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Timothy J Key
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Ruth C Travis
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Ferreira GD, Fernandes GMDM, Penteado C, Cória VR, Galbiatti-Dias ALDS, Russo A, Castanhole-Nunes MMU, Silva RFD, Silva RDCMAD, Pavarino ÉC, Torreglosa Ruiz Cintra M, Goloni-Bertollo EM. Polymorphisms in xenobiotic metabolism-related genes in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma: a case-control study. Xenobiotica 2021; 51:737-744. [PMID: 33896378 DOI: 10.1080/00498254.2021.1893408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This study was performed to investigate the relationship between polymorphisms in microsomal epoxide hydrolase (mEH; Tyr113His and His139Arg substitution) and glutathione S-transferase (GST; GSTM1 deletion, GSTT1 deletion, and GSTP1.Ala114Val substitution) and their correlation with clinico-histopathological features in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).We evaluated environmental risk factors and genetic alterations in 556 individuals (86 cases and 470 controls). PCR multiplex for GSTM1 and GSTT1, polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) for GSTP1, and real-time PCR for mEH were performed. Statistical analyses were performed using multiple logistic regression tests.Age over 48 years (p < 0.001) and alcohol consumption (p = 0.021) were the predictors of increased risk of developing HCC. GSTP1.Ala114Val for all regression models (p < 0.05), except the recessive model, and the GSTT1 null genotype (odds ratio [OR] = 0.43, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.21-0.87, p = 0.019) were predictors of an increased risk of developing HCC. Polymorphic GSTT1, GSTM1, GSTP1.Ala114Val, and mEH.His139Arg and wild-type mEH.Tyr113His (OR = 5.04; 95% CI = 1.59-16.04; p = 0.006) were associated with HCC.Age over 48 years, alcohol consumption, and the presence of polymorphic variants of GSTP1 and GSTT1 were associated with the risk of developing HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gislaine Dionísio Ferreira
- Molecular Biology Department, Genetics and Molecular Biology Research Unit - UPGEM, São José do Rio Preto Medical School - FAMERP, São Jose do Rio Preto, Brazil
| | - Glaucia Maria de Mendonça Fernandes
- Molecular Biology Department, Genetics and Molecular Biology Research Unit - UPGEM, São José do Rio Preto Medical School - FAMERP, São Jose do Rio Preto, Brazil
| | - Camila Penteado
- Molecular Biology Department, Genetics and Molecular Biology Research Unit - UPGEM, São José do Rio Preto Medical School - FAMERP, São Jose do Rio Preto, Brazil
| | - Vivian Romanholi Cória
- Molecular Biology Department, Genetics and Molecular Biology Research Unit - UPGEM, São José do Rio Preto Medical School - FAMERP, São Jose do Rio Preto, Brazil
| | - Ana Lívia da Silva Galbiatti-Dias
- Molecular Biology Department, Genetics and Molecular Biology Research Unit - UPGEM, São José do Rio Preto Medical School - FAMERP, São Jose do Rio Preto, Brazil.,São José do Rio Preto Regional Medical School Foundation - FUNFARME, São José do Rio Preto, Brazil
| | - Anelise Russo
- Molecular Biology Department, Genetics and Molecular Biology Research Unit - UPGEM, São José do Rio Preto Medical School - FAMERP, São Jose do Rio Preto, Brazil
| | - Márcia Maria Urbanin Castanhole-Nunes
- Molecular Biology Department, Genetics and Molecular Biology Research Unit - UPGEM, São José do Rio Preto Medical School - FAMERP, São Jose do Rio Preto, Brazil.,São José do Rio Preto Regional Medical School Foundation - FUNFARME, São José do Rio Preto, Brazil
| | - Renato Ferreira da Silva
- Study Group of Liver Tumors - GETF, Surgery Department, São José do Rio Preto Medical School Fundation - FAMERP/FUNFARME, São José do Rio Preto, Brazil.,São José do Rio Preto Regional Medical School Foundation - FUNFARME, São José do Rio Preto, Brazil
| | - Rita de Cássia Martins Alves da Silva
- Study Group of Liver Tumors - GETF, Surgery Department, São José do Rio Preto Medical School Fundation - FAMERP/FUNFARME, São José do Rio Preto, Brazil.,São José do Rio Preto Regional Medical School Foundation - FUNFARME, São José do Rio Preto, Brazil
| | - Érika Cristina Pavarino
- Molecular Biology Department, Genetics and Molecular Biology Research Unit - UPGEM, São José do Rio Preto Medical School - FAMERP, São Jose do Rio Preto, Brazil.,São José do Rio Preto Regional Medical School Foundation - FUNFARME, São José do Rio Preto, Brazil
| | | | - Eny Maria Goloni-Bertollo
- Molecular Biology Department, Genetics and Molecular Biology Research Unit - UPGEM, São José do Rio Preto Medical School - FAMERP, São Jose do Rio Preto, Brazil.,São José do Rio Preto Regional Medical School Foundation - FUNFARME, São José do Rio Preto, Brazil
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4
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Knuppel A, Fensom GK, Watts EL, Gunter MJ, Murphy N, Papier K, Perez-Cornago A, Schmidt JA, Smith Byrne K, Travis RC, Key TJ. Circulating Insulin-like Growth Factor-I Concentrations and Risk of 30 Cancers: Prospective Analyses in UK Biobank. Cancer Res 2020; 80:4014-4021. [PMID: 32709735 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-20-1281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Circulating insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) is positively associated with the risks of colorectal, breast, and prostate cancer, but evidence for other less common cancers is limited. In this study, we investigated associations between serum IGF-I concentrations and incidence of less common cancers in the UK Biobank study. To enable comparison of effect estimates, and as positive controls, both common and less common cancer sites (total 30) were included in an outcome-wide analysis. Data from 394,388 cancer-free participants in the UK Biobank study were analyzed. Multivariable adjusted Cox proportional hazards models were used to determine associations between baseline serum IGF-I concentrations and cancer incidence, using repeated IGF-I measurements from up to 14,149 participants to correct for regression dilution bias. Higher IGF-I concentration was associated with increased risks of thyroid cancer [HR per 5 nmol/L higher concentration 1.18; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.01-1.37] in addition to colorectal (HR, 1.08; 95% CI, 1.03-1.13), breast (HR, 1.11; 95% CI, 1.07-1.15), and prostate cancer (HR, 1.08; 95% CI, 1.05-1.12), and reduced risks of ovarian and liver cancer. Mean follow-up was 6.9 years and the possibility that the observed associations may be influenced by reverse causality bias cannot be excluded. Additional nominally significant associations with malignant melanoma, multiple myeloma, oral cancer, and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma did not survive correction for multiple testing. Studies with longer follow-up and pooled analyses are needed to further assess how broad the role of IGF-I is in cancer development. SIGNIFICANCE: The results from this outcome-wide analysis are consistent with a positive association of IGF-I with cancers at several sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anika Knuppel
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
| | - Georgina K Fensom
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Eleanor L Watts
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Marc J Gunter
- Section of Nutrition and Metabolism, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Neil Murphy
- Section of Nutrition and Metabolism, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Keren Papier
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Aurora Perez-Cornago
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Julie A Schmidt
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Karl Smith Byrne
- Genetic Epidemiology Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Ruth C Travis
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Timothy J Key
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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Petrick JL, Florio AA, Zhang X, Zeleniuch-Jacquotte A, Wactawski-Wende J, Van Den Eeden SK, Stanczyk FZ, Simon TG, Sinha R, Sesso HD, Schairer C, Rosenberg L, Rohan TE, Purdue MP, Palmer JR, Linet MS, Liao LM, Lee IM, Koshiol J, Kitahara CM, Kirsh VA, Hofmann JN, Guillemette C, Graubard BI, Giovannucci E, Gaziano JM, Gapster SM, Freedman ND, Engel LS, Chong DQ, Chen Y, Chan AT, Caron P, Buring JE, Bradwin G, Beane Freeman LE, Campbell PT, McGlynn KA. Associations Between Prediagnostic Concentrations of Circulating Sex Steroid Hormones and Liver Cancer Among Postmenopausal Women. Hepatology 2020; 72:535-547. [PMID: 31808181 PMCID: PMC7391790 DOI: 10.1002/hep.31057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS In almost all countries, incidence rates of liver cancer (LC) are 100%-200% higher in males than in females. However, this difference is predominantly driven by hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), which accounts for 75% of LC cases. Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) accounts for 12% of cases and has rates only 30% higher in males. Hormones are hypothesized to underlie observed sex differences. We investigated whether prediagnostic circulating hormone and sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) levels were associated with LC risk, overall and by histology, by leveraging resources from five prospective cohorts. APPROACH AND RESULTS Seven sex steroid hormones and SHBG were quantitated using gas chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry and competitive electrochemiluminescence immunoassay, respectively, from baseline serum/plasma samples of 191 postmenopausal female LC cases (HCC, n = 83; ICC, n = 56) and 426 controls, matched on sex, cohort, age, race/ethnicity, and blood collection date. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for associations between a one-unit increase in log2 hormone value (approximate doubling of circulating concentration) and LC were calculated using multivariable-adjusted conditional logistic regression. A doubling in the concentration of 4-androstenedione (4-dione) was associated with a 50% decreased LC risk (OR = 0.50; 95% CI = 0.30-0.82), whereas SHBG was associated with a 31% increased risk (OR = 1.31; 95% CI = 1.05-1.63). Examining histology, a doubling of estradiol was associated with a 40% increased risk of ICC (OR = 1.40; 95% CI = 1.05-1.89), but not HCC (OR = 1.12; 95% CI = 0.81-1.54). CONCLUSIONS This study provides evidence that higher levels of 4-dione may be associated with lower, and SHBG with higher, LC risk in women. However, this study does not support the hypothesis that higher estrogen levels decrease LC risk. Indeed, estradiol may be associated with an increased ICC risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L. Petrick
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD,,Slone Epidemiology Center, Boston University, Boston, MA
| | - Andrea A. Florio
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
| | - Xuehong Zhang
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Anne Zeleniuch-Jacquotte
- Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY,,NYU Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Jean Wactawski-Wende
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY
| | | | - Frank Z. Stanczyk
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Tracey G. Simon
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Rashmi Sinha
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
| | - Howard D. Sesso
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA,,Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Catherine Schairer
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
| | - Lynn Rosenberg
- Slone Epidemiology Center, Boston University, Boston, MA
| | - Thomas E. Rohan
- Department of Epidemiology & Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | - Mark P. Purdue
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
| | | | - Martha S. Linet
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
| | - Linda M. Liao
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
| | - I-Min Lee
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA,,Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Jill Koshiol
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
| | - Cari M. Kitahara
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
| | - Victoria A. Kirsh
- Epidemiology Division, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jonathan N. Hofmann
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
| | - Chantal Guillemette
- Pharmacogenomics Laboratory, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec - (CHU de Québec) Research Center - Université Laval and Faculty of Pharmacy, Laval University, Québec, Canada
| | - Barry I. Graubard
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
| | - Edward Giovannucci
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - J. Michael Gaziano
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA,,VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA
| | - Susan M. Gapster
- Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA
| | - Neal D. Freedman
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
| | - Lawrence S. Engel
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Dawn Q. Chong
- Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yu Chen
- Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY,,Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Andrew T. Chan
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA,,Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA,,Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Patrick Caron
- Pharmacogenomics Laboratory, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec - (CHU de Québec) Research Center - Université Laval and Faculty of Pharmacy, Laval University, Québec, Canada
| | - Julie E. Buring
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA,,Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Gary Bradwin
- Clinical and Epidemiologic Research Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA
| | | | | | - Katherine A. McGlynn
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
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Operative Versus Nonoperative Outcomes of Middle-Third Clavicle Fractures: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Orthop Trauma 2020; 34:e6-e13. [PMID: 31851115 DOI: 10.1097/bot.0000000000001602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Middle third clavicle fractures have long been managed conservatively with immobilization. Some patients, especially those with completely displaced or shortened clavicle fractures are now thought to have increased risk of nonunion or symptomatic malunion. The authors performed a meta-analysis to study the incidence of nonunion and symptomatic malunion and test the hypothesis that surgical fixation of these fractures significantly lowers the risk of these complications. METHODS A search was performed in the PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases for randomized clinical trials and quasi-experimental trials that compare outcomes of operative and nonoperative management for clavicle fractures that are fully (100%) displaced or have greater than 2 cm of shortening. Pooled patient data were used to construct forest plots for the meta-analysis. RESULTS Eleven studies including 497 patients who were treated and 457 patients treated conservatively were analyzed. Patients managed operatively had significantly lower relative risk of developing nonunion [0.17 (95% confidence interval 0.08-0.33)] and symptomatic malunion [0.13 (95% confidence interval 0.05-0.37)]. Plate fixation significantly reduced the risk of nonunion, but intramedullary nail fixation did not. There was no difference in Constant-Murley or DASH scores between the 2 treatment groups or in the rate of secondary operative procedures. CONCLUSIONS Patients who undergo operative fixation of displaced middle-third clavicle fractures have a lower incidence of nonunion and symptomatic malunion. The clinical significance of this effect is uncertain, as functional scores were similar in both groups. Further research into the risk factors for nonunion and symptomatic malunion will be necessary to determine which patients benefit from operative fixation. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Therapeutic Level II. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
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7
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Ma Y, Yang W, Simon TG, Smith-Warner SA, Fung TT, Sui J, Chong D, VoPham T, Meyerhardt JA, Wen D, Giovannucci EL, Chan AT, Zhang X. Dietary Patterns and Risk of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Among U.S. Men and Women. Hepatology 2019; 70:577-586. [PMID: 30506561 PMCID: PMC6545168 DOI: 10.1002/hep.30362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Although adherence to healthy dietary guidelines has been associated with a reduced risk of several health outcomes, including cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes, and some cancers, little is known about the role of dietary patterns in the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We prospectively assessed the associations of three key commonly used a priori dietary patterns-the Alternative Healthy Eating Index-2010 (AHEI-2010), Alternate Mediterranean Diet (AMED), and Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH)-with risk of incident HCC in the Health Professionals Follow-Up Study (HPFS) and the Nurses' Health Study (NHS), two large prospective cohort studies. Diet was assessed almost every 4 years using validated food frequency questionnaires (FFQs). Multivariable hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using Cox proportional hazards regression. During up to 32 years of follow-up, 160 incident HCC cases were identified. After adjustment for most HCC risk factors, participants in the highest tertile of Alternative Healthy Eating Index-2010 (AHEI-2010) had a multivariable HR of 0.61 (95% CI, 0.39-0.95; Ptrend = 0.03), compared with those in the lowest tertile. There was a suggestive, but nonsignificant, inverse association for Alternate Mediterranean Diet (AMED; HR = 0.75; 95% CI, 0.49-1.15; Ptrend = 0.18) and a null association for Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH; HR = 0.90; 95% CI, 0.59-1.36; Ptrend = 0.61) in relation to the risk of HCC development. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that better adherence to the AHEI-2010 may decrease the risk of developing HCC among U.S. adults. Future studies are needed to replicate our results, examine these associations in other populations, and elucidate the underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Ma
- School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, P.R. China;,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Wanshui Yang
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, P.R. China
| | - Tracey G. Simon
- Liver Center, Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA;,Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA;,Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit (CTEU), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stephanie A. Smith-Warner
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA;,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Teresa T. Fung
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jing Sui
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA;,Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Dawn Chong
- National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore
| | - Trang VoPham
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA;,Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA;,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jeffrey A. Meyerhardt
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Deliang Wen
- School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, P.R. China
| | - Edward L. Giovannucci
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA;,Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA;,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andrew T. Chan
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA;,Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA;,Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit (CTEU), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xuehong Zhang
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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8
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Boguszewski CL, Boguszewski MCDS. Growth Hormone's Links to Cancer. Endocr Rev 2019; 40:558-574. [PMID: 30500870 DOI: 10.1210/er.2018-00166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Several components of the GH axis are involved in tumor progression, and GH-induced intracellular signaling has been strongly associated with breast cancer susceptibility in genome-wide association studies. In the general population, high IGF-I levels and low IGF-binding protein-3 levels within the normal range are associated with the development of common malignancies, and components of the GH-IGF signaling system exhibit correlations with clinical, histopathological, and therapeutic parameters in cancer patients. Despite promising findings in preclinical studies, anticancer therapies targeting the GH-IGF signaling system have led to disappointing results in clinical trials. There is substantial evidence for some degree of protection against tumor development in several animal models and in patients with genetic defects associated with GH deficiency or resistance. In contrast, the link between GH excess and cancer risk in acromegaly patients is much less clear, and cancer screening in acromegaly has been a highly controversial issue. Recent studies have shown that increased life expectancy in acromegaly patients who attain normal GH and IGF-I levels is associated with more deaths due to age-related cancers. Replacement GH therapy in GH deficiency hypopituitary adults and short children has been shown to be safe when no other risk factors for malignancy are present. Nevertheless, the use of GH in cancer survivors and in short children with RASopathies, chromosomal breakage syndromes, or DNA-repair disorders should be carefully evaluated owing to an increased risk of recurrence, primary cancer, or second neoplasia in these individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cesar Luiz Boguszewski
- Department of Internal Medicine, Endocrine Division (SEMPR), University Hospital, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, Brazil
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9
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Grossmann M, Wierman ME, Angus P, Handelsman DJ. Reproductive Endocrinology of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Endocr Rev 2019; 40:417-446. [PMID: 30500887 DOI: 10.1210/er.2018-00158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The liver and the reproductive system interact in a multifaceted bidirectional fashion. Sex steroid signaling influences hepatic endobiotic and xenobiotic metabolism and contributes to the pathogenesis of functional and structural disorders of the liver. In turn, liver function affects the reproductive axis via modulating sex steroid metabolism and transport to tissues via sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG). The liver senses the body's metabolic status and adapts its energy homeostasis in a sex-dependent fashion, a dimorphism signaled by the sex steroid milieu and possibly related to the metabolic costs of reproduction. Sex steroids impact the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, including development of hepatic steatosis, fibrosis, and carcinogenesis. Preclinical studies in male rodents demonstrate that androgens protect against hepatic steatosis and insulin resistance both via androgen receptor signaling and, following aromatization to estradiol, estrogen receptor signaling, through regulating genes involved in hepatic lipogenesis and glucose metabolism. In female rodents in contrast to males, androgens promote hepatic steatosis and dysglycemia, whereas estradiol is similarly protective against liver disease. In men, hepatic steatosis is associated with modest reductions in circulating testosterone, in part consequent to a reduction in circulating SHBG. Testosterone treatment has not been demonstrated to improve hepatic steatosis in randomized controlled clinical trials. Consistent with sex-dimorphic preclinical findings, androgens promote hepatic steatosis and dysglycemia in women, whereas endogenous estradiol appears protective in both men and women. In both sexes, androgens promote hepatic fibrosis and the development of hepatocellular carcinoma, whereas estradiol is protective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathis Grossmann
- Department of Medicine Austin Health, University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Endocrinology, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - Margaret E Wierman
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado.,Research Service, Rocky Mountain Regional Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Peter Angus
- Department of Medicine Austin Health, University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia.,Departments of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - David J Handelsman
- ANZAC Research Institute, University of Sydney, Concord Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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10
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Al-Gayyar MMH, Bagalagel A, Noor AO, Almasri DM, Diri R. The therapeutic effects of nicotinamide in hepatocellular carcinoma through blocking IGF-1 and effecting the balance between Nrf2 and PKB. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 112:108653. [PMID: 30784932 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.108653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Revised: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin growth factor (IGF) family and their receptors play a great role in tumors' development. In addition, IGF-1 enhances cancer progression through regulating cell proliferation, angiogenesis, immune modulation and metastasis. Moreover, nicotinamide is association with protection against cancer. Therefore, we conducted this research to examine the therapeutic effects of nicotinamide against hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) both in vivo and in vitro through affecting IGF-1 and the balance between PKB and Nrf2. HCC was induced in rats by 200 mg/kg, ip thioacetamide. The rat survival, number and size of tumors and serum α-fetoprotein (AFP) were measured. The gene and protein levels of IGF-1, Nrf2, PKB and JNK-MAPK were assessed in rat livers. In addition, HepG2 cells, human HCC cell lines, were treated with different concentrations of nicotinamide. We found that nicotinamide enhanced the rats' survival and reduced the number and size of hepatic tumors as well as it reduced serum AFP and HepG2 cells survival. Nicotinamide ameliorated HCC-induced reduction in the expression of Nrf2. Moreover, nicotinamide blocked HCC-induced elevation in IGF-1, PKB and JNK-MAPK. In conclusion, nicotinamide produced cytotoxic effects against HCC both in vivo and in vitro. The cytotoxic activity can be explained by inhibition of HCC-induced increased in the expression of IGF-1 and leads to disturbances in the balance between the cell death signal by PKB and MAPK; and the cell survival signal by Nrf2, directing it towards cell survival signals in normal liver cells providing more protection for body against tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed M H Al-Gayyar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, 71491, Saudi Arabia; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt.
| | - Alaa Bagalagel
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, 71491, Saudi Arabia; Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad O Noor
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Diena M Almasri
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reem Diri
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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11
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Abstract
Obesity is a risk factor for all major gastrointestinal cancers. With the rapid increase in the prevalence of obesity worldwide, this link could lead to an elevated burden of cancers of the digestive system. Currently, three main mechanisms explaining the link between excess adiposity and gastrointestinal cancer risk are being considered, including altered insulin signaling, obesity-associated chronic low-grade inflammation, and altered sex hormone metabolism, although new potential mechanisms emerge. This review is aimed to present our current knowledge on biological mechanisms involved in adiposity-related gastrointestinal carcinogenesis supported by results collected in epidemiological studies.
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12
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Jun J, Gim J, Kim Y, Kim H, Yu SJ, Yeo I, Park J, Yoo JJ, Cho YY, Lee DH, Cho EJ, Lee JH, Kim YJ, Lee S, Yoon JH, Kim Y, Park T. Analysis of significant protein abundance from multiple reaction-monitoring data. BMC SYSTEMS BIOLOGY 2018; 12:123. [PMID: 30598095 PMCID: PMC6311902 DOI: 10.1186/s12918-018-0656-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Background Discovering reliable protein biomarkers is one of the most important issues in biomedical research. The ELISA is a traditional technique for accurate quantitation of well-known proteins. Recently, the multiple reaction-monitoring (MRM) mass spectrometry has been proposed for quantifying newly discovered protein and has become a popular alternative to ELISA. For the MRM data analysis, linear mixed modeling (LMM) has been used to analyze MRM data. MSstats is one of the most widely used tools for MRM data analysis that is based on the LMMs. However, LMMs often provide various significance results, depending on model specification. Sometimes it would be difficult to specify a correct LMM method for the analysis of MRM data. Here, we propose a new logistic regression-based method for Significance Analysis of Multiple Reaction Monitoring (LR-SAM). Results Through simulation studies, we demonstrate that LMM methods may not preserve type I error, thus yielding high false- positive errors, depending on how random effects are specified. Our simulation study also shows that the LR-SAM approach performs similarly well as LMM approaches, in most cases. However, LR-SAM performs better than the LMMs, particularly when the effects sizes of peptides from the same protein are heterogeneous. Our proposed method was applied to MRM data for identification of proteins associated with clinical responses of treatment of 115 hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients with the tyrosine kinase inhibitor sorafenib. Of 124 candidate proteins, LMM approaches provided 6 results varying in significance, while LR-SAM, by contrast, yielded 18 significant results that were quite reproducibly consistent. Conclusion As exemplified by an application to HCC data set, LR-SAM more effectively identified proteins associated with clinical responses of treatment than LMM did.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jongsu Jun
- Department of Statistics, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jungsoo Gim
- Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yongkang Kim
- Department of Statistics, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyunsoo Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Institute of Medical and Biological Engineering, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Su Jong Yu
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Injun Yeo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jiyoung Park
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jeong-Ju Yoo
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Young Youn Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Dong Hyeon Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Eun Ju Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jeong-Hoon Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yoon Jun Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seungyeoun Lee
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Sejong University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jung-Hwan Yoon
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Youngsoo Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Institute of Medical and Biological Engineering, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Taesung Park
- Department of Statistics, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea. .,Interdisciplinary program in Bioinformatics, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.
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13
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Murphy N, Jenab M, Gunter MJ. Adiposity and gastrointestinal cancers: epidemiology, mechanisms and future directions. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2018; 15:659-670. [PMID: 29970888 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-018-0038-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Excess adiposity is a risk factor for several cancers of the gastrointestinal system, specifically oesophageal adenocarcinoma and colorectal, small intestine, pancreatic, liver, gallbladder and stomach cancers. With the increasing prevalence of obesity in nearly all regions of the world, this relationship could represent a growing source of cancers of the digestive system. Experimental and molecular epidemiological studies indicate important roles for alterations in insulin signalling, adipose tissue-derived inflammation and sex hormone pathways in mediating the association between adiposity and gastrointestinal cancer. The intestinal microbiome, gut hormones and non alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) also have possible roles. However, important gaps remain in our knowledge. For instance, our understanding of how adiposity throughout the life course is related to the risk of gastrointestinal cancer development and of how obesity influences gastrointestinal cancer prognosis and survival is limited. Nonetheless, the increasing use of state-of-the-art analytical methods (such as omics technologies, Mendelian randomization and MRI) in large-scale epidemiological studies offers exciting opportunities to advance our understanding of the complex relationship between adiposity and gastrointestinal cancers. Here, we examine the epidemiology of associations between obesity and gastrointestinal cancer, explore potential mechanisms underlying these relationships and highlight important unanswered research questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil Murphy
- Section of Nutrition and Metabolism, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Mazda Jenab
- Section of Nutrition and Metabolism, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Marc J Gunter
- Section of Nutrition and Metabolism, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France.
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14
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Ulrich CM, Himbert C, Holowatyj AN, Hursting SD. Energy balance and gastrointestinal cancer: risk, interventions, outcomes and mechanisms. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2018; 15:683-698. [PMID: 30158569 PMCID: PMC6500387 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-018-0053-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Obesity increases the risk of multiple gastrointestinal cancers and worsens disease outcomes. Conversely, strong inverse associations have emerged between physical activity and colon cancer and possibly other gastrointestinal malignancies. The effect of weight loss interventions - such as modifications of diet and/or physical activity or bariatric surgery - remains unclear in patients who are obese and have gastrointestinal cancer, although large clinical trials are underway. Human intervention studies have already shed light on potential mechanisms underlying the energy balance-cancer relationship, with preclinical models supporting emerging pathway effects. Central to interventions that reduce obesity or increase physical activity are pluripotent cancer-preventive effects (including reduced systemic and adipose tissue inflammation and angiogenesis, altered adipokine levels and improved insulin resistance) that directly interface with the hallmarks of cancer. Other mechanisms, such as DNA repair, oxidative stress and telomere length, immune function, effects on cancer stem cells and the microbiome, could also contribute to energy balance effects on gastrointestinal cancers. Although some mechanisms are well understood (for instance, systemic effects on inflammation and insulin signalling), other areas remain unclear. The current state of knowledge supports the need to better integrate mechanistic approaches with preclinical and human studies to develop effective, personalized diet and exercise interventions to reduce the burden of obesity on gastrointestinal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelia M. Ulrich
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,
| | - Caroline Himbert
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Andreana N. Holowatyj
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Stephen D. Hursting
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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15
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Huber Y, Bierling F, Labenz C, Koch S, Schmidtmann I, Kloeckner R, Schotten S, Huber T, Lang H, Woerns MA, Galle PR, Weinmann A, Weinmann-Menke J. Validation of insulin-like growth factor-1 as a prognostic parameter in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma in a European cohort. BMC Cancer 2018; 18:774. [PMID: 30064393 PMCID: PMC6069541 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-018-4677-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the third leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide, the Child-Turcotte-Pugh score (CTP) is one of the most established tools to assess hepatic reserve and determine survival. Serum levels of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) are decreased in patients with chronic liver disease or HCC. A modified score combining circulating IGF-1 with the CTP score (IGF-CTP) was recently proposed. Methods IGF-CTP scoring was evaluated in 216 patients diagnosed with HCC between 2007 and 2017 to assess the predictive value of serum IGF-1 levels for patient risk stratification and overall survival (OS). Results Liver cirrhosis was identified in 80.1% of the study cohort, and alcohol-induced liver disease was the most frequent underlying cause of HCC (44.4%). Serum IGF-1 levels were significantly lower in patients with HCC in cirrhosis compared with non-cirrhotic HCC (p < 0.01). A lower serum level of IGF-1 was associated with more advanced stages of liver cirrhosis (p < 0.05) and cancer stages (p < 0.001). Median OS in the cohort was 11.4 months (range 0.5–118.2 months). OS was significantly higher (10.9 vs. 7.9 months; p < 0.05) in patients with a serum IGF-1 level above the median of 43.4 ng/mL. Patient reassignment using IGF-CTP scoring reclassified 35.6% of patients. Through reassignment, stratification regarding OS was comparable to CTP. Conclusions This study is the first to investigate IGF-1 and the IGF-CTP classification in a European cohort of HCC patients. Serum IGF-1 correlates with OS in patients with HCC. However, the IGF-CTP classification was not superior compared to CTP score regarding OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne Huber
- Clinical Registry Unit (CRU), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine I, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Franziska Bierling
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Christian Labenz
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Sandra Koch
- Clinical Registry Unit (CRU), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine I, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Irene Schmidtmann
- Institute of Medical Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Roman Kloeckner
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Sebastian Schotten
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Tobias Huber
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Hauke Lang
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Marcus A Woerns
- Clinical Registry Unit (CRU), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine I, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Peter R Galle
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Arndt Weinmann
- Clinical Registry Unit (CRU), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany. .,Department of Internal Medicine I, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Julia Weinmann-Menke
- Clinical Registry Unit (CRU), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine I, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
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16
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Jee SH, Kim M, Kim M, Yoo HJ, Kim H, Jung KJ, Hong S, Lee JH. Metabolomics Profiles of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in a Korean Prospective Cohort: The Korean Cancer Prevention Study-II. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2018; 11:303-312. [DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-17-0249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Revised: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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17
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Wang J, Li YC, Deng M, Jiang HY, Guo LH, Zhou WJ, Ruan B. Serum insulin-like growth factor-1 and its binding protein 3 as prognostic factors for the incidence, progression, and outcome of hepatocellular carcinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Oncotarget 2017; 8:81098-81108. [PMID: 29113370 PMCID: PMC5655265 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Previous studies have supported an association between serum insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF1) and IGF-binding protein 3 (IGFBP3) levels and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but the results were inaccurate. It has recently been proposed that IGF1 and IGFBP3 play roles in the time-to-progression (TTP) and overall survival (OS) of HCC patients. Our results revealed that serum IGF1 level is predictive of the progression and survival of HCC patients. Results HCC was associated with a significant reduction in serum IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 levels compared to cirrhosis (p = 0.037). Low serum IGF1 levels were predictive of a shorter TTP (OR, 2.74; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.92–3.90) and poorer OS (odds ratio [OR], 2.20; 95% CI, 1.81–2.68) in HCC patients. The IGF1/IGFBP3 molar ratio was not significantly associated with the risk of HCC (OR, 1.311; 95% CI, 0.761–2.260). Materials and Methods We conducted a comprehensive literature search in PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library. Twenty studies met the inclusion criteria and were subjected to statistical analysis. The geometric mean and standard deviation (SD) of serum IGF1 and IGFBP3 levels in the healthy, cirrhosis, and HCC groups were calculated. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) were calculated using a fixed-effects model to analyse the association of serum IGF1 level with the progression and survival of HCC patients. Conclusions Serum IGF1 and IGFBP3 levels were positively associated with the incidence of HCC. Serum IGF1 level is an independent prognostic factor for the progression and survival of HCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yu-Chuan Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Min Deng
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hai-Yin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Li-Hua Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wen-Juan Zhou
- Department of Health Management Center, Wuxi Third People's Hospital, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bing Ruan
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Weinhouse C, Sartor MA, Faulk C, Anderson OS, Sant KE, Harris C, Dolinoy DC. Epigenome-wide DNA methylation analysis implicates neuronal and inflammatory signaling pathways in adult murine hepatic tumorigenesis following perinatal exposure to bisphenol A. ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS 2016; 57:435-46. [PMID: 27334623 PMCID: PMC4945497 DOI: 10.1002/em.22024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2016] [Revised: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Developmental exposure to the endocrine-active compound bisphenol A (BPA) has been linked to epigenotoxic and potential carcinogenic effects in rodent liver, prostate, and mammary glands. A dose-dependent increase in hepatic tumors in 10-month mice perinatally exposed to one of three doses of BPA (50 ng, 50 µg, or 50 mg BPA/kg chow) was previously reported. These tumors represent early-onset disease and lack classical sexual dimorphism in incidence. Here, adult epigenome-wide liver DNA methylation profiles to identify gene promoters associated with perinatal BPA exposure and disease in 10-month mice with and without liver tumors were investigated. Mice with hepatic tumors showed 12,822 (1.8%) probes with differential methylation as compared with non-tumor animals, of which 8,656 (67.5%) were hypomethylated. A significant enrichment of differential methylation in Gene Ontology (GO) terms and biological processes related to morphogenesis and development, and epigenomic alteration were observed. Pathway enrichment revealed a predominance of hypermethylated neuronal signaling pathways linked to energy regulation and metabolic function, supporting metabolic consequences in the liver via BPA-induced disruption of neuronal signaling pathways. Hypothesis-driven pathway analysis revealed mouse and human genes linked to BPA exposure related to intracellular Jak/STAT and MAPK signaling pathways. Taken together, these findings are indicators of the relevance of the hepatic tumor phenotype seen in BPA-exposed mice to human health. This work demonstrated that epigenome-wide discovery experiments in animal models were effective tools for identification and understanding of paralagous epimutations salient to human disease. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 57:435-446, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caren Weinhouse
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Maureen A. Sartor
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Christopher Faulk
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Olivia S. Anderson
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Karilyn E. Sant
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Craig Harris
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Dana C. Dolinoy
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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Chouhan S, Singh S, Athavale D, Ramteke P, Pandey V, Joseph J, Mohan R, Shetty PK, Bhat MK. Glucose induced activation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway in hepatocellular carcinoma is regulated by DKK4. Sci Rep 2016; 6:27558. [PMID: 27272409 PMCID: PMC4897783 DOI: 10.1038/srep27558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Elevated glycemic index, an important feature of diabetes is implicated in an increased risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the underlying molecular mechanisms of this association are relatively less explored. Present study investigates the effect of hyperglycemia over HCC proliferation. We observed that high glucose culture condition (HG) specifically activates canonical Wnt signaling in HCC cells, which is mediated by suppression of DKK4 (a Wnt antagonist) expression and enhanced β-catenin level. Functional assays demonstrated that a normoglycemic culture condition (NG) maintains constitutive expression of DKK4, which controls HCC proliferation rate by suppressing canonical Wnt signaling pathway. HG diminishes DKK4 expression leading to loss of check at G0/G1/S phases of the cell cycle thereby enhancing HCC proliferation, in a β-catenin dependent manner. Interestingly, in NOD/SCID mice supplemented with high glucose, HepG2 xenografted tumors grew rapidly in which elevated levels of β-catenin, c-Myc and decreased levels of DKK4 were detected. Knockdown of DKK4 by shRNA promotes proliferation of HCC cells in NG, which is suppressed by treating cells exogenously with recombinant DKK4 protein. Our in vitro and in vivo results indicate an important functional role of DKK4 in glucose facilitated HCC proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surbhi Chouhan
- National Centre for Cell Science, Savitribai Phule Pune University Campus, Ganeshkhind, Pune-411 007, India
| | - Snahlata Singh
- National Centre for Cell Science, Savitribai Phule Pune University Campus, Ganeshkhind, Pune-411 007, India
| | - Dipti Athavale
- National Centre for Cell Science, Savitribai Phule Pune University Campus, Ganeshkhind, Pune-411 007, India
| | - Pranay Ramteke
- National Centre for Cell Science, Savitribai Phule Pune University Campus, Ganeshkhind, Pune-411 007, India
| | - Vimal Pandey
- National Centre for Cell Science, Savitribai Phule Pune University Campus, Ganeshkhind, Pune-411 007, India.,Laboratory of Neuroscience, Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Hyderabad Central University, Hyderabad-500 046, India
| | - Jomon Joseph
- National Centre for Cell Science, Savitribai Phule Pune University Campus, Ganeshkhind, Pune-411 007, India
| | - Rajashekar Mohan
- Sri Dharmasthala Manjunatheshwara Medical Sciences and Hospital, Dharwad-580009, Karnataka, India
| | - Praveen Kumar Shetty
- Sri Dharmasthala Manjunatheshwara Medical Sciences and Hospital, Dharwad-580009, Karnataka, India
| | - Manoj Kumar Bhat
- National Centre for Cell Science, Savitribai Phule Pune University Campus, Ganeshkhind, Pune-411 007, India
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20
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Chen MJ, Ho HN. Hepatic manifestations of women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol 2016; 37:119-128. [PMID: 27107966 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2016.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2016] [Accepted: 03/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) have a higher prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) than the general population. The link between NAFLD/NASH and PCOS is not just a coincidence. Indeed, both of these disorders comprise common risk factors, including central obesity, insulin resistance, chronic low-grade inflammation, and hyperandrogenemia. The characteristics of hyperandrogenemia in women with PCOS include elevated total and free testosterone levels and low sex hormone-binding globulin levels and are reported to be associated with NAFLD and elevated liver enzymes; however, not all elevated androgen levels in women with PCOS have the same adverse effects on the liver. With the exception of weight loss and encouraging exercise in obese women, few evidence-based effective treatments target NAFLD/NASH in women with PCOS. Selective antiandrogens and insulin sensitizers might be beneficial in treating NAFLD/NASH in women with PCOS, but further elucidation is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Jou Chen
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hong-Nerng Ho
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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21
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Integrated GlycoProteome Analyzer (I-GPA) for Automated Identification and Quantitation of Site-Specific N-Glycosylation. Sci Rep 2016; 6:21175. [PMID: 26883985 PMCID: PMC4756296 DOI: 10.1038/srep21175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Human glycoproteins exhibit enormous heterogeneity at each N-glycosite, but few studies have attempted to globally characterize the site-specific structural features. We have developed Integrated GlycoProteome Analyzer (I-GPA) including mapping system for complex N-glycoproteomes, which combines methods for tandem mass spectrometry with a database search and algorithmic suite. Using an N-glycopeptide database that we constructed, we created novel scoring algorithms with decoy glycopeptides, where 95 N-glycopeptides from standard α1-acid glycoprotein were identified with 0% false positives, giving the same results as manual validation. Additionally automated label-free quantitation method was first developed that utilizes the combined intensity of top three isotope peaks at three highest MS spectral points. The efficiency of I-GPA was demonstrated by automatically identifying 619 site-specific N-glycopeptides with FDR ≤ 1%, and simultaneously quantifying 598 N-glycopeptides, from human plasma samples that are known to contain highly glycosylated proteins. Thus, I-GPA platform could make a major breakthrough in high-throughput mapping of complex N-glycoproteomes, which can be applied to biomarker discovery and ongoing global human proteome project.
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Thaler MA, Seifert-Klauss V, Luppa PB. The biomarker sex hormone-binding globulin - from established applications to emerging trends in clinical medicine. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab 2015; 29:749-60. [PMID: 26522459 DOI: 10.1016/j.beem.2015.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) is a serum glycoprotein exhibiting the unique feature of binding sex steroids with high affinity and specificity. Its serum levels are regulated not only by androgens and estrogens but also by thyroid hormones and other metabolic factors. Several disease conditions are accompanied by altered SHBG levels such as hyper- and hypoandrogenism, thyroid disorders, pituitary diseases, liver disorders, and breast as well as prostate cancer. Additionally, several drugs and alcohol consumption influence serum concentrations of SHBG. In some cases, altered SHBG levels are a specific result of the underlying pathology. In others, they merely constitute an epiphenomenon, which still might offer the possibility of using serum measurements of SHBG as surrogate marker. This review article portrays the different disorders associated with altered SHBG levels and discusses the usefulness of SHBG as disease biomarker from a clinicians as well as from an endocrinological researchers point of view.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus A Thaler
- Institut für Klinische Chemie und Pathobiochemie, Klinikum rechts der Isar der TU München, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675 München, Germany.
| | - Vanadin Seifert-Klauss
- Frauenklinik und Poliklinik, Klinikum rechts der Isar der TU München, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675 München, Germany.
| | - Peter B Luppa
- Institut für Klinische Chemie und Pathobiochemie, Klinikum rechts der Isar der TU München, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675 München, Germany.
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23
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Fages A, Duarte-Salles T, Stepien M, Ferrari P, Fedirko V, Pontoizeau C, Trichopoulou A, Aleksandrova K, Tjønneland A, Olsen A, Clavel-Chapelon F, Boutron-Ruault MC, Severi G, Kaaks R, Kuhn T, Floegel A, Boeing H, Lagiou P, Bamia C, Trichopoulos D, Palli D, Pala V, Panico S, Tumino R, Vineis P, Bueno-de-Mesquita HB, Peeters PH, Weiderpass E, Agudo A, Molina-Montes E, Huerta JM, Ardanaz E, Dorronsoro M, Sjöberg K, Ohlsson B, Khaw KT, Wareham N, Travis RC, Schmidt JA, Cross A, Gunter M, Riboli E, Scalbert A, Romieu I, Elena-Herrmann B, Jenab M. Metabolomic profiles of hepatocellular carcinoma in a European prospective cohort. BMC Med 2015; 13:242. [PMID: 26399231 PMCID: PMC4581424 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-015-0462-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2015] [Accepted: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the most prevalent form of liver cancer, is difficult to diagnose and has limited treatment options with a low survival rate. Aside from a few key risk factors, such as hepatitis, high alcohol consumption, smoking, obesity, and diabetes, there is incomplete etiologic understanding of the disease and little progress in identification of early risk biomarkers. METHODS To address these aspects, an untargeted nuclear magnetic resonance metabolomic approach was applied to pre-diagnostic serum samples obtained from first incident, primary HCC cases (n = 114) and matched controls (n = 222) identified from amongst the participants of a large European prospective cohort. RESULTS A metabolic pattern associated with HCC risk comprised of perturbations in fatty acid oxidation and amino acid, lipid, and carbohydrate metabolism was observed. Sixteen metabolites of either endogenous or exogenous origin were found to be significantly associated with HCC risk. The influence of hepatitis infection and potential liver damage was assessed, and further analyses were made to distinguish patterns of early or later diagnosis. CONCLUSION Our results show clear metabolic alterations from early stages of HCC development with application for better etiologic understanding, prevention, and early detection of this increasingly common cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Fages
- Institut des Sciences Analytiques, Centre de RMN à très hauts champs, CNRS/ENS Lyon/UCB Lyon-1, Université de Lyon, 5 rue de la Doua, 69100, Villeurbanne, France
| | | | - Magdalena Stepien
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC-WHO), Lyon, France
| | - Pietro Ferrari
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC-WHO), Lyon, France
| | - Veronika Fedirko
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Clément Pontoizeau
- Institut des Sciences Analytiques, Centre de RMN à très hauts champs, CNRS/ENS Lyon/UCB Lyon-1, Université de Lyon, 5 rue de la Doua, 69100, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Antonia Trichopoulou
- Hellenic Health Foundation, Alexandroupoleos 23, GR-115 27, Athens, Greece
- Bureau of Epidemiologic Research, Academy of Athens, Kaisareias 13, GR-115 27, Athens, Greece
| | - Krasimira Aleksandrova
- Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition (DIfE), Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Germany
| | - Anne Tjønneland
- Diet, Genes and Environment, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Strandboulevarden 49, DK 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anja Olsen
- Diet, Genes and Environment, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Strandboulevarden 49, DK 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Françoise Clavel-Chapelon
- INSERM, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), U1018, Nutrition, Hormones and Women's Health Team, F-94805, Villejuif, France
- Université Paris Sud, UMRS 1018, F-94805, Villejuif, France
- Institut Gustave Roussy, F-94805, Villejuif, France
| | - Marie-Christine Boutron-Ruault
- INSERM, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), U1018, Nutrition, Hormones and Women's Health Team, F-94805, Villejuif, France
- Université Paris Sud, UMRS 1018, F-94805, Villejuif, France
- Institut Gustave Roussy, F-94805, Villejuif, France
| | | | - Rudolf Kaaks
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Centre, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tilman Kuhn
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Centre, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anna Floegel
- Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition (DIfE), Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Germany
| | - Heiner Boeing
- Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition (DIfE), Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Germany
| | - Pagona Lagiou
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology, and Medical Statistics, University of Athens Medical School, 75 M. Asias, Goudi, GR-115 27, Athens, Greece
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Christina Bamia
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology, and Medical Statistics, University of Athens Medical School, 75 M. Asias, Goudi, GR-115 27, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Trichopoulos
- Hellenic Health Foundation, Alexandroupoleos 23, GR-115 27, Athens, Greece
- Bureau of Epidemiologic Research, Academy of Athens, Kaisareias 13, GR-115 27, Athens, Greece
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Domenico Palli
- Molecular and Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, Cancer Research and Prevention Institute - ISPO, Florence, Italy
| | - Valeria Pala
- Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Venezian 1, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Salvatore Panico
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Rosario Tumino
- Cancer Registry and Histopathology Unit, "Civic - M.P. Arezzo" Hospital, Ragusa, Italy
| | - Paolo Vineis
- Human Genetics Foundation (HuGeF), Torino, Italy
- MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - H Bas Bueno-de-Mesquita
- Department for Determinants of Chronic Diseases (DCD), National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Social & Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Petra H Peeters
- MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Epidemiology, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Elisabete Weiderpass
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Samfundet Folkhälsan, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Antonio Agudo
- Unit of Nutrition and Cancer, IDIBELL, Catalan Institute of Oncology-ICO, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, 08908, Spain
| | - Esther Molina-Montes
- Escuela Andaluza de Salud Pública, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Hospitales Universitarios de Granada/Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - José María Huerta
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Epidemiology, Murcia Regional Health Council, IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
| | - Eva Ardanaz
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Navarre Public Health Institute, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Miren Dorronsoro
- Public Health Direction and Biodonostia CIBERESP, Basque Regional Health Department, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Klas Sjöberg
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
- Department of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Bodil Ohlsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Internal Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Kay-Tee Khaw
- University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Clinical Gerontology Unit, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Nick Wareham
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ruth C Travis
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Julie A Schmidt
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Amanda Cross
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Marc Gunter
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Elio Riboli
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Augustin Scalbert
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC-WHO), Lyon, France
| | - Isabelle Romieu
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC-WHO), Lyon, France
| | - Benedicte Elena-Herrmann
- Institut des Sciences Analytiques, Centre de RMN à très hauts champs, CNRS/ENS Lyon/UCB Lyon-1, Université de Lyon, 5 rue de la Doua, 69100, Villeurbanne, France.
| | - Mazda Jenab
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC-WHO), Lyon, France.
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Li Y, Li X, Fan H, Li X, Zhong Y, Cao J, Yu D, Zhang M, Wen JG, Geng L, Suo Z. Age-Dependent Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin Expression in Male Rat. Ultrastruct Pathol 2015; 39:121-30. [DOI: 10.3109/01913123.2015.1009222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Sinclair M, Grossmann M, Gow PJ, Angus PW. Testosterone in men with advanced liver disease: abnormalities and implications. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2015; 30:244-51. [PMID: 25087838 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.12695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Serum testosterone is reduced in up to 90% of men with cirrhosis, with levels falling as liver disease advances. Testosterone is an important anabolic hormone, with effects on muscle, bone, and hematopoiesis. Many of the features of advanced liver disease are similar to those seen in hypogonadal men, including sarcopenia, osteoporosis, gynecomastia, and low libido. However, the relative contribution of testosterone deficiency to the symptomatology of advanced liver disease has not been well established. More recently, it has been demonstrated that low testosterone in men with cirrhosis is associated with increased mortality, independent of the classically recognized prognostic factors, such as the Model for End-Stage Liver Disease score. Only several small clinical trials have examined the role of testosterone therapy in men with cirrhosis, none of which have resolved the issue of whether or not testosterone is beneficial. However, in men with organic hypogonadism due to structural hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular axis disease, testosterone therapy has been shown to improve muscle mass and bone mineral density, increase hemoglobin, and reduce insulin resistance. Despite initial concerns linking testosterone with hepatocellular carcinoma, more recent data suggest that this risk has been overstated. There is, therefore, now a strong rationale to assess the efficacy and safety of testosterone therapy in cirrhosis in well-designed randomized controlled trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Sinclair
- Liver Transplant Unit, The Austin Hospital, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia; Department of Medicine, Austin Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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26
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Duarte-Salles T, Fedirko V, Stepien M, Trichopoulou A, Bamia C, Lagiou P, Lukanova A, Trepo E, Overvad K, Tjønneland A, Halkjaer J, Boutron-Ruault MC, Racine A, Cadeau C, Kühn T, Aleksandrova K, Trichopoulos D, Tsiotas K, Boffetta P, Palli D, Pala V, Tumino R, Sacerdote C, Panico S, Bueno-de-Mesquita HBA, Dik VK, Peeters PH, Weiderpass E, Torhild Gram I, Hjartåker A, Ramón Quirós J, Fonseca-Nunes A, Molina-Montes E, Dorronsoro M, Navarro Sanchez C, Barricarte A, Lindkvist B, Sonestedt E, Johansson I, Wennberg M, Khaw KT, Wareham N, Travis RC, Romieu I, Riboli E, Jenab M. Dairy products and risk of hepatocellular carcinoma: the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition. Int J Cancer 2014; 135:1662-72. [PMID: 24615266 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.28812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2013] [Accepted: 01/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Intake of dairy products has been associated with risk of some cancers, but findings are often inconsistent and information on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) risk is limited, particularly from prospective settings. The aim of our study was to investigate the association between consumption of total and specific dairy products (milk/cheese/yogurt) and their components (calcium/vitamin D/fats/protein), with first incident HCC (N(cases) = 191) in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition cohort, including a nested case-control subset (N(cases) = 122) with the assessment of hepatitis B virus/hepatitis C virus infections status, liver damage and circulating insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I levels. For cohort analyses, multivariable-adjusted Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). For nested case-control analyses, conditional logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios and 95% CI. A total of 477,206 participants were followed-up for an average of 11 years (person-years follow-up = 5,415,385). In the cohort study, a significant positive HCC risk association was observed for total dairy products (highest vs. lowest tertile, HR = 1.66, 95% CI: 1.13-2.43; p(trend) = 0.012), milk (HR = 1.51, 95% CI: 1.02-2.24; p(trend) = 0.049), and cheese (HR = 1.56, 95% CI: 1.02-2.38; p(trend) = 0.101), but not yogurt (HR = 0.94, 95% CI: 0.65-1.35). Dietary calcium, vitamin D, fat and protein from dairy sources were associated with increased HCC risk, whereas the same nutrients from nondairy sources showed inverse or null associations. In the nested case-control study, similar results were observed among hepatitis-free individuals. Results from this large prospective cohort study suggest that higher consumption of dairy products, particularly milk and cheese, may be associated with increased HCC risk. Validation of these findings in other populations is necessary. Potential biologic mechanisms require further exploration.
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