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Muthuswamy RV, Sundström P, Börjesson L, Gustavsson B, Quiding-Järbrink M. Impaired migration of IgA-secreting cells to colon adenocarcinomas. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2013; 62:989-97. [PMID: 23591979 PMCID: PMC11028846 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-013-1410-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2012] [Accepted: 02/22/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Local inflammation is a strong risk factor for the development of gastrointestinal adenocarcinomas. Mucosal regulatory T cells and IgA-secreting cells both contribute to reduce inflammatory responses, and their recruitment to tissues is dependent on local production of chemokines. More specifically, IgA-secreting cells are recruited to mucosal tissues by CCL28 signalling through CCR10. Here, we examined the recruitment of IgA-secreting plasma cells to tumor-associated mucosa in patients suffering from colon adenocarcinoma. Flow cytometric analyses of single cell suspensions from tumor-associated and unaffected colon mucosa showed a marked decrease in CD19(+)CD38(high)IgA(+) plasmablasts in the tumor-associated mucosa, while the total frequencies of B and T cells were similar. This finding was confirmed in ELISPOT assays, demonstrating a 64 % reduction in the frequencies of IgA-secreting cells among cells from the tumor-associated mucosa. The few IgA(+) plasmablasts present in the tumor did not express CCR10, and functional migration assays demonstrated that IgA-secreting cells from tumor-associated mucosa did not migrate in response to CCL28. Taken together, our results show an impaired migration of IgA-secreting cells to colon tumors, presumably caused by a decreased production of CCL28 in the tumor. The lack of local IgA antibodies may lead to impaired barrier function and increased bacterial colonization, driving further inflammatory responses and promoting tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rangarajan V. Muthuswamy
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Box 435, 405 30 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Patrik Sundström
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Box 435, 405 30 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Lars Börjesson
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Bengt Gustavsson
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Marianne Quiding-Järbrink
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Box 435, 405 30 Göteborg, Sweden
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Patients with colorectal cancer are characterized by increased concentration of fecal hb-hp complex, myeloperoxidase, and secretory IgA. Am J Clin Oncol 2012; 34:561-6. [PMID: 21150566 DOI: 10.1097/coc.0b013e3181f9457e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of our study was to evaluate the use of fecal hemoglobin-haptoglobin (Hb-Hp) complex, myeloperoxidase (MPO), and secretory IgA as potential diagnostic markers for the screening of colorectal cancer. METHODS Our study consisted of 190 participants (150 patients and 40 healthy individuals) aged 40 to 70 years who underwent complete colonoscopy. From each participant, a stool sample was collected 1 day before colonoscopy. The patients were instructed to collect another sample after the fourteenth postoperative day. No special diet was recommended. RESULTS In the control group, all fecal markers were within normal values in most participants. Colorectal tumors were accompanied by a highly significant increase in all markers. The median value of Hb-Hp complex was 23.22±10.02 (P<0.0001) whereas the median values of MPO and sIgA were 14936.43±9580.83 (P<0.0001) and 6503.38±2794.87 (P<0.0001), respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of Hb-Hp complex, MPO, and sIgA are 95.3% and 87.5%, 96% and 87%, and 90.8% and 85%, respectively. The difference of preoperative and postoperative values of the patients was statistically significant for all markers. After surgical intervention, the value of Hb-Hp complex was normalized in 133 of the 150 patients (88.7%). The postoperative values of MPO were within normal limits in 131 patients (87.3%), whereas those of secretory IgA were within normal limits in 103 of the 150 patients (68.5%). CONCLUSION Fecal Hb-Hp complex, MPO, and sIgA can effectively be used as screening tools for the early diagnosis of colorectal cancer, and for the postoperative follow-up of patients.
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Johansen FE, Kaetzel C. Regulation of the polymeric immunoglobulin receptor and IgA transport: new advances in environmental factors that stimulate pIgR expression and its role in mucosal immunity. Mucosal Immunol 2011; 4:598-602. [PMID: 21956244 PMCID: PMC3196803 DOI: 10.1038/mi.2011.37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 235] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Secretory IgA (SIgA) antibodies represent the first line of antigen-specific immune defense protecting the mucosal surfaces against environmental pathogens and antigens, and maintaining homeostasis with the commensal microbiota. The polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (pIgR) has the dual role of transporting locally produced dimeric IgA across mucosal epithelia, and serving as the precursor of secretory component, a glycoprotein that enhances the immune functions of SIgA. The complex regulation of pIgR expression and transcytosis by host and microbial factors is finely tuned to optimize the role of SIgA in mucosal immunity. Disruption of this regulatory network in disease states similar to inflammatory bowel disease can result in profound consequences for mucosal homeostasis and systemic sequelae. Future research into the function and regulation of pIgR and SIgA may offer new insights into the prevention and treatment of infectious and inflammatory diseases that originate at mucosal surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Finn-Eirik Johansen
- Department of Pathology and Department of Molecular Biosciences, Centre for Immune Regulation, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Charlotte Kaetzel
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, USA
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Ai J, Tang Q, Wu Y, Xu Y, Feng T, Zhou R, Chen Y, Gao X, Zhu Q, Yue X, Pan Q, Xu S, Li J, Huang M, Daugherty-Holtrop J, He Y, Xu HE, Fan J, Ding J, Geng M. The role of polymeric immunoglobulin receptor in inflammation-induced tumor metastasis of human hepatocellular carcinoma. J Natl Cancer Inst 2011; 103:1696-712. [PMID: 22025622 PMCID: PMC3216966 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djr360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Expression of the polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (pIgR), a transporter of polymeric IgA and IgM, is commonly increased in response to viral or bacterial infections, linking innate and adaptive immunity. Abnormal expression of pIgR in cancer was also observed, but its clinical relevance remains uncertain. Methods A human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tissue microarray (n = 254) was used to investigate the association between pIgR expression and early recurrence. An experimental lung metastasis model using severe combined immune-deficient mice was applied to determine the metastatic potential of Madin–Darby canine kidney (n = 5 mice per group) and SMMC-7721 (n = 12 mice per group) cells overexpressing pIgR vs control cells. RNA interference, immunoprecipitation, and immunoblotting were performed to investigate the potential role for pIgR in the induction of epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT). In vitro studies (co-immunoprecipitation, immunoblotting, and migration, invasion, and adhesion assays) were used to determine the mechanisms behind pIgR-mediated metastasis. All statistical tests were two-sided. Results High expression of pIgR was statistically significantly associated with early recurrence in early-stage HCC and in hepatitis B surface antigen–positive HCC patients (log-rank P = .02). Mice injected with pIgR-overexpressing cells had a statistically significantly higher number of lung metastases compared with respective control cells (Madin–Darby canine kidney cells: pIgR mean = 29.4 metastatic nodules per lung vs control mean = 0.0 metastatic nodules per lung, difference = 29.4 metastatic nodules per lung, 95% confidence interval = 13.0 to 45.8, P = .001; SMMC-7721 cells: pIgR mean = 10.4 metastatic nodules per lung vs control mean = 2.2 metastatic nodules per lung, difference = 8.2 metastatic nodules per lung, 95% confidence interval = 1.0 to 15.5, P = .03). Furthermore, high expression of pIgR was sufficient to induce EMT through activation of Smad signaling. Conclusions pIgR plays a role in the induction of EMT. Our results identify pIgR as a potential link between hepatitis B virus–derived hepatitis and HCC metastasis and provide evidence in support of pIgR as a prognostic biomarker for HCC and a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Ai
- Division of Anti-tumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Rd., Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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Ocak S, Pedchenko TV, Chen H, Harris FT, Qian J, Polosukhin V, Pilette C, Sibille Y, Gonzalez AL, Massion PP. Loss of polymeric immunoglobulin receptor expression is associated with lung tumourigenesis. Eur Respir J 2011; 39:1171-80. [PMID: 21965228 DOI: 10.1183/09031936.00184410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (pIgR) expression is downregulated in lung cancer, but its implications in lung tumourigenesis remain unknown. We hypothesised that loss of pIgR expression occurs early, and is associated with cell proliferation and poor prognosis. pIgR expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry in airways of patients with normal mucosa, pre-invasive lesions and invasive lesions, and correlated with clinical outcomes. 16-HBE and A549 cells stably transfected with pIgR were tested for proliferation, apoptosis and cell cycle progression. Immunostaining was strong in normal epithelium, but severely reduced in pre-invasive lesions and most lung cancers. Persistent expression was associated with younger age and adenocarcinoma subtype but not survival. pIgR overexpression significantly reduced A549 and 16-HBE proliferation. Growth inhibition was not due to cell cycle arrest, increased apoptosis or endoplasmic reticulum stress, but we observed altered expression of genes encoding for membrane proteins, including NOTCH3. Interestingly, NOTCH3 expression was inversely correlated with pIgR expression in cell lines and tissues. pIgR expression was lost in most lung cancers and pre-invasive bronchial lesions, suggesting that pIgR downregulation is an early event in lung tumourigenesis. pIgR overexpression in A549 and 16-HBE cells inhibited proliferation. Future investigations are required to determine the mechanisms by which pIgR contributes to cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebahat Ocak
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232-6838, USA
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Bruno MEC, West RB, Schneeman TA, Bresnick EH, Kaetzel CS. Upstream stimulatory factor but not c-Myc enhances transcription of the human polymeric immunoglobulin receptor gene. Mol Immunol 2004; 40:695-708. [PMID: 14644095 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2003.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Secretory antibodies protect mucosal surfaces from ingested, inhaled and sexually transmitted pathogens. The polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (pIgR) transports antibodies across mucosal epithelia into external secretions. We and others have identified a region of the human polymeric immunoglobulin receptor gene (locus PIGR) that is sufficient for basal transcriptional activity. An E-Box motif, which binds transcription factors of the basic helix-loop-helix/leucine zipper (bHLH/zip) family, was identified as a major regulatory element in the PIGR gene promoter. Transient transfection of PIGR promoter reporter plasmids in intestinal epithelial cell (IEC) lines suggested that the transcription factors upstream stimulatory factor (USF) and c-Myc may exert opposing effects on PIGR promoter activity. Mutations within and flanking the E-Box that favored USF binding enhanced promoter activity, while mutations that favored c-Myc binding reduced promoter activity. Ectopic expression of USF1 or USF2 enhanced PIGR promoter activity, while exogenous c-Myc did not. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSA) demonstrated that USF1 and USF2 bound to the E-Box motif as homo- and heterodimers. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) demonstrated that USF proteins bind the PIGR promoter in vivo, which is enriched in acetylated histones. E-Box motifs are commonly observed in promoters of genes that are highly expressed in the human colon. Genes that are down-regulated in colorectal cancer, including PIGR, frequently have non-canonical E-Boxes, while genes that are up-regulated in colorectal cancer generally have canonical E-Boxes. The results of our experiments may shed light on the mechanisms of dysregulated expression of pIgR in inflammatory bowel disease and colorectal cancer, diseases associated with aberrant expression of c-Myc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria E C Bruno
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
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Characterization of the human polymeric immunoglobulin receptor(PIGR) 3'UTR and differential expression ofPIGR mRNA during colon tumorigenesis. J Biomed Sci 2003. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02256332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
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Richardson JM, Wira CR. Uterine stromal cell suppression of pIgR production by uterine epithelial cells in vitro: a mechanism for regulation of pIgR production. J Reprod Immunol 1997; 33:95-112. [PMID: 9234210 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-0378(97)00015-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that the polymeric Ig receptor (pIgR) is produced by rat uterine epithelial cells both in vivo and vitro. The expression of the pIgR is regulated by sex hormones and/or cytokines at mucosal sites, however the mechanism of regulation in the uterus is not clear. In these studies, co-culture of stromal cells from mature rat uteri with uterine epithelial cells decreased epithelial cell pIgR production. Conditioned supernatants from stromal cells incubated with epithelial cells also decreased pIgR production. Immunohistochemical studies confirmed that expression of pIgR on uterine epithelial cells decreased in the presence of stromal cells. Viability of epithelial cells was sustained during these experiments, as evidenced by the maintenance of high transepithelial resistance. These studies are the first report of stromal cell regulation of pIgR production by epithelial cells at any site in the body and suggest that stromal cells can provide a signal that leads to the regulation of pIgR production.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Richardson
- Department of Physiology, Dartmouth Medical School, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA
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Krajci P, Meling GI, Andersen SN, Hofstad B, Vatn MH, Rognum TO, Brandtzaeg P. Secretory component mRNA and protein expression in colorectal adenomas and carcinomas. Br J Cancer 1996; 73:1503-10. [PMID: 8664120 PMCID: PMC2074553 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.1996.284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Secretary component (SC) is expressed basolaterally as a transmembrane protein (pIg receptor) on secretory epithelial cells. As pIg receptor it plays a central role in humoral immunity by mediating the external translocation of dimeric IgA and pentameric IgM. A few case reports have suggested that reduced or absent SC protein expression is associated with diarrhoeal disease, but there is no convincing evidence that a primary pIg receptor deficiency can occur. In this study the relative presence of SC mRNA was determined by Northern blot analysis and related to immunohistochemically determined SC protein expression in 33 colorectal adenomas (31 patients) with increased risk of developing sporadic colorectal cancer, as well as in 19 colorectal carcinomas from 19 patients with such sporadic tumours. In the adenomas, SC mRNA levels were positively related to SC protein expression; both mRNA and SC protein were negatively related to histological grade. Similarly, SC mRNA levels tended to be related to the SC protein expression in the carcinomas. SC mRNA was detected in all adenomas, and only two of ten carcinomas (10.5%) deemed to be SC deficient by immunohistochemistry also lacked SC mRNA expression, suggesting diallelic alterations in the SC-encoding gene (locus PIGR). This possibility agreed with Southern blot analysis performed on a separate sample of 32 other colonic carcinomas in which the diallelic loss of D1S58 (which exhibits a close linkage centromerically to PIGR) was calculated to be 6.4%. Together these findings suggested that reduced SC protein expression in colorectal adenomas might be a transcriptional defect reflecting the degree of cellular dysplasia, whereas absent SC protein expression in colorectal carcinomas might also involve post-transcriptional defects and occasional diallelic gene deletions representing late events in carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Krajci
- Laboratory for Immunohistochemisty and Immunopathology (LIIPAT), Institute of Pathology, Rikshospitalet, University of Oslo, Norway
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Möller P, Koretz K, Leithäuser F, Brüderlein S, Henne C, Quentmeier A, Krammer PH. Expression of APO-1 (CD95), a member of the NGF/TNF receptor superfamily, in normal and neoplastic colon epithelium. Int J Cancer 1994; 57:371-7. [PMID: 8168998 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.2910570314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 235] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
APO-1 is a 48-kDa cell-membrane protein identical to the Fas antigen now designated CD95. It is a member of the NGF/TNF receptor superfamily. Anti-APO-1 monoclonal antibody induces apoptosis in a variety of cell types expressing this antigen. We immunohistochemically investigated APO-1 expression in normal colon mucosa, 20 adenomas, 258 colon carcinomas and 10 liver metastases and carried out in vitro studies using a panel of colon-carcinoma cell lines. Immunohistochemically, APO-1 was regularly expressed at the basolateral membrane of normal colon epithelia. In a minor fraction of colon adenomas and in 39.1% of colon carcinomas APO-1 expression was diminished and in 48.1% of carcinomas, predominantly of the non-mucinous type, APO-1 expression was completely abrogated. The normal level of APO-1 in carcinomas was correlated with the mucinous type. Reduced/lost APO-1 expression was more frequent in rectal carcinomas. Complete loss of APO-1 was more frequent in tumors that had already metastasized. APO-1 expression in liver metastases essentially corresponded to that of the primary tumors. Comparative analysis with data from previous studies revealed that the mode of APO-1 expression is correlated with that of HLA-A,B,C./beta 2m, HLA-DR, HLA-D-associated invariant chain and of the secretory component. Surface expression of APO-1 was heterogeneous in colon-carcinoma cell lines; SW480 expressed considerable amounts of APO-1 on all cells, while HT-29 constitutively did less so and only in a minority of cells. Surface density of APO-1 and the fraction of positive cells in HT-29 was enhanced by interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and, additively, by tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), whereas in SW480 APO-1 expression was not modulated by these cytokines. We conclude that neoplastic transformation of colon epithelium often leads to a loss of the physiologic, high level of surface APO-1 by giving rise either to a stable lack of APO-1 or to an IFN-gamma/TNF-alpha-sensitive phenotype of inducible APO-1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Möller
- Institute of Pathology, University of Heidelberg, Germany
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