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Mizutani K, Yoshida Y, Nakanishi E, Miyata Y, Tokumoto S, Fuse H, Gusev O, Kikuta S, Kikawada T. A sodium-dependent trehalose transporter contributes to anhydrobiosis in insect cell line, Pv11. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2317254121. [PMID: 38551840 PMCID: PMC10998604 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2317254121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Pv11 is the only animal cell line that, when preconditioned with a high concentration of trehalose, can be preserved in the dry state at room temperature for more than one year while retaining the ability to resume proliferation. This extreme desiccation tolerance is referred to as anhydrobiosis. Here, we identified a transporter that contributes to the recovery of Pv11 cells from anhydrobiosis. In general, the solute carrier 5 (SLC5)-type secondary active transporters cotransport Na+ and carbohydrates including glucose. The heterologous expression systems showed that the transporter belonging to the SLC5 family, whose expression increases upon rehydration, exhibits Na+-dependent trehalose transport activity. Therefore, we named it STRT1 (sodium-ion trehalose transporter 1). We report an SLC5 family member that transports a naturally occurring disaccharide, such as trehalose. Knockout of the Strt1 gene significantly reduced the viability of Pv11 cells upon rehydration after desiccation. During rehydration, when intracellular trehalose is no longer needed, Strt1-knockout cells released the disaccharide more slowly than the parental cell line. During rehydration, Pv11 cells became roughly spherical due to osmotic pressure changes, but then returned to their original spindle shape after about 30 min. Strt1-knockout cells, however, required about 50 min to adopt their normal morphology. STRT1 probably regulates intracellular osmolality by releasing unwanted intracellular trehalose with Na+, thereby facilitating the recovery of normal cell morphology during rehydration. STRT1 likely improves the viability of dried Pv11 cells by rapidly alleviating the significant physical stresses that arise during rehydration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kosuke Mizutani
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Science, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba277-8562, Japan
| | - Yuki Yoshida
- Division of Biomaterial Sciences, Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki305-8634, Japan
| | - Eita Nakanishi
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Science, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba277-8562, Japan
| | - Yugo Miyata
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo113-8510, Japan
| | - Shoko Tokumoto
- Division of Biomaterial Sciences, Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki305-8634, Japan
- Intractable Disease Research Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo113-8421, Japan
| | - Hiroto Fuse
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Science, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba277-8562, Japan
| | - Oleg Gusev
- Intractable Disease Research Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo113-8421, Japan
| | - Shingo Kikuta
- Department of Regional and Comprehensive Agriculture, College of Agriculture, Ibaraki University, Ami, Ibaraki300-0393, Japan
| | - Takahiro Kikawada
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Science, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba277-8562, Japan
- Division of Biomaterial Sciences, Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki305-8634, Japan
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2
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Vecchi M, Stec D, Rebecchi L, Michalczyk Ł, Calhim S. Ecology explains anhydrobiotic performance across tardigrades, but the shared evolutionary history matters more. J Anim Ecol 2024; 93:307-318. [PMID: 37994566 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.14031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Desiccation stress is lethal to most animals. However, some microinvertebrate groups have evolved coping strategies, such as the ability to undergo anhydrobiosis (i.e. survival despite the loss of almost all body water). Tardigrades are one such group, where the molecular mechanisms of anhydrobiosis have been more thoroughly studied. Despite the ecological, evolutionary and biotechnological importance of anhydrobiosis, little is known about its inter- and intra-specific variability nor its relationship with natural habitat conditions or phylogenetic history. We developed a new index-anhydrobiotic recovery index (ARI)-to evaluate the anhydrobiotic performance of tardigrade populations from the family Macrobiotidae. Moreover, we compared the explanatory role of habitat humidity and phylogenetic history on this trait using a variance partitioning approach. We found that ARI is correlated with both microhabitat humidity and yearly rainfall, but it is mostly driven by phylogenetic niche conservatism (i.e. a high portion of ARI variation is explained by phylogeny alone). Finally, we showed that anhydrobiotic performance is highly variable, even between closely related species, and that their response to local ecological conditions is tightly linked to their phylogenetic history. This study not only presents key insights into an emerging model system, but also provides a new methodological approach for wider scale studies of the ecological and evolutionary implications of anhydrobiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Vecchi
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
- Institute of Systematics and Evolution of Animals, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
| | - D Stec
- Institute of Systematics and Evolution of Animals, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
| | - L Rebecchi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
- National Biodiversity Future Center (NBFC), Palermo, Italy
| | - Ł Michalczyk
- Department of Invertebrate Evolution, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - S Calhim
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
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3
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Cornette R, Indo HP, Iwata KI, Hagiwara-Komoda Y, Nakahara Y, Gusev O, Kikawada T, Okuda T, Majima HJ. Oxidative stress is an essential factor for the induction of anhydrobiosis in the desiccation-tolerant midge, Polypedilum vanderplanki (Diptera, Chironomidae). Mitochondrion 2023; 73:84-94. [PMID: 37956777 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2023.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
The sleeping chironomid (Polypedilum vanderplanki) is the only insect capable of surviving complete desiccation in an ametabolic state called anhydrobiosis. Here, we focused on the role of oxidative stress and we observed the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in desiccating larvae and in those exposed to salinity stress. Oxidative stress occurs to some extent in desiccating larvae, inducing carbonylation of proteins. Oxidative stress overcomes the antioxidant defenses of the larvae during the first hour following rehydration of anhydrobiotic larvae. It facilitates the oxidation of DNA and cell membrane lipids; however, these damages are quickly repaired after a few hours. In addition to its deleterious effects, we demonstrated that artificial exposure to oxidative stress could induce a response similar to desiccation stress, at the transcriptome and protein levels. Furthermore, the response of anhydrobiosis-related genes to desiccation and salinity stress was inhibited by antioxidant treatment. Thus, we conclude that oxidative stress is an essential trigger for inducing the expression of protective genes during the onset of anhydrobiosis in desiccating of P. vanderplanki larvae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Cornette
- Anhydrobiosis Research Group, Division of Biomaterial Sciences, Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, NARO, 1-2 Owashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8634 Japan.
| | - Hiroko P Indo
- Department of Oncology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Iwata
- Anhydrobiosis Research Group, Division of Biomaterial Sciences, Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, NARO, 1-2 Owashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8634 Japan
| | - Yuka Hagiwara-Komoda
- Anhydrobiosis Research Group, Division of Biomaterial Sciences, Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, NARO, 1-2 Owashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8634 Japan; Department of Sustainable Agriculture, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069-8501, Japan
| | - Yuichi Nakahara
- Anhydrobiosis Research Group, Division of Biomaterial Sciences, Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, NARO, 1-2 Owashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8634 Japan; Rimco., Ltd, 12-75 Suzaki, Uruma, Okinawa 904-2234, Japan
| | - Oleg Gusev
- Intractable Disease Research Center, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Regulatory Genomics Research Center, Institute of Fundamental Biology and Medicine, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, 420008 Russia
| | - Takahiro Kikawada
- Anhydrobiosis Research Group, Division of Biomaterial Sciences, Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, NARO, 1-2 Owashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8634 Japan
| | - Takashi Okuda
- Anhydrobiosis Research Group, Division of Biomaterial Sciences, Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, NARO, 1-2 Owashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8634 Japan; NEMLI PROJECT LLC, 2756 Okijuku, Tsuchiura, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Hideyuki J Majima
- Department of Oncology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan; Biomedical Sciences, School of Allied Health Sciences, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand; Research Excellence Center for Innovation and Health Products (RECIHP), School of Allied Health Sciences, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand.
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4
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Shaikhutdinov NM, Klink GV, Garushyants SK, Kozlova OS, Cherkasov AV, Kikawada T, Okuda T, Pemba D, Shagimardanova EI, Penin AA, Deviatiiarov RM, Gazizova GR, Cornette R, Gusev OA, Bazykin GA. Population Genomics of Two Closely Related Anhydrobiotic Midges Reveals Differences in Adaptation to Extreme Desiccation. Genome Biol Evol 2023; 15:evad169. [PMID: 37708413 PMCID: PMC10558213 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evad169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The sleeping chironomid Polypedilum vanderplanki is capable of anhydrobiosis, a striking example of adaptation to extreme desiccation. Tolerance to complete desiccation in this species is associated with emergence of multiple paralogs of protective genes. One of the gene families highly expressed under anhydrobiosis and involved in this process is protein-L-isoaspartate (D-aspartate) O-methyltransferases (PIMTs). Recently, another closely related midge was discovered, Polypedilum pembai, which is able not only to tolerate desiccation but also to survive multiple desiccation-rehydration cycles. To investigate the evolution of anhydrobiosis in these species, we sequenced and assembled the genome of P. pembai and compared it with P. vanderplanki and also performed a population genomics analysis of several populations of P. vanderplanki and one population of P. pembai. We observe positive selection and radical changes in the genetic architecture of the PIMT locus between the two species, including its amplification in the P. pembai lineage. In particular, PIMT-4, the most highly expressed of these PIMTs, is present in six copies in the P. pembai; these copies differ in expression profiles, suggesting possible sub- or neofunctionalization. The nucleotide diversity of the genomic region carrying these new genes is decreased in P. pembai, but not in the orthologous region carrying the ancestral gene in P. vanderplanki, providing evidence for a selective sweep associated with postduplication adaptation in the former. Overall, our results suggest an extensive relatively recent and likely ongoing adaptation of the mechanisms of anhydrobiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurislam M Shaikhutdinov
- Regulatory Genomics Research Center, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Galya V Klink
- Institute for Information Transmission Problems (Kharkevich Institute), Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Sofya K Garushyants
- Institute for Information Transmission Problems (Kharkevich Institute), Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga S Kozlova
- Regulatory Genomics Research Center, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Alexander V Cherkasov
- Regulatory Genomics Research Center, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Takahiro Kikawada
- National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | | | - Dylo Pemba
- Vectorborne Diseases Laboratory, University of Malawi Chancellor College, Zomba, Malawi
| | - Elena I Shagimardanova
- Regulatory Genomics Research Center, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Aleksey A Penin
- Institute for Information Transmission Problems (Kharkevich Institute), Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ruslan M Deviatiiarov
- Regulatory Genomics Research Center, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Guzel R Gazizova
- Regulatory Genomics Research Center, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Richard Cornette
- National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Oleg A Gusev
- Regulatory Genomics Research Center, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Kazan, Russia
- Life Improvement by Future Technologies (LIFT) Center, Moscow, Russia
- Intractable Disease Research Center, School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Georgii A Bazykin
- Institute for Information Transmission Problems (Kharkevich Institute), Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
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5
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Song Y, Gu F, Zhou W, Li P, Wu F, Sheng S. Parasitoid Wasps Can Manipulate Host Trehalase to the Benefit of Their Offspring. INSECTS 2022; 13:833. [PMID: 36135534 PMCID: PMC9500599 DOI: 10.3390/insects13090833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Trehalase is an essential hydrolase of trehalose in insects. However, whether and how trehalase performs in the association of parasitoid wasps and their hosts still remains unknown. Here, the exact function of trehalase of the general cutworm Spodoptera litura after it was parasitized by its predominant endoparasitoid Meterous pulchricornis was elucidated. Two trehalase genes (SlTre1, SlTre2) were identified, and they were highly expressed five days after parasitization by M. pulchricornis. Then, we successfully silenced SlTre1 and SlTre2 in parasitized third instar S. litura larvae. The content of glucose, which is the hydrolysate of trehalose, was significantly decreased after silencing SlTres in parasitized S. litura larvae, and the activities of trehalase were also notably reduced. In addition, the cocoon weight, the emergence rate, proportion of normal adults, and the body size of parasitoid offsprings were significantly decreased in SlTre1- or SlTre2-silenced groups compared to the controls. These results implied that parasitization by parasitoids regulated the trehalase of host larvae to create a suitable nutritional environment for the parasitoid offspring. The present study broadens the knowledge of trehalase in the interaction between parasitoids and their hosts and is of benefit to biological control of S. litura acting by parasitoid wasps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Song
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, China
| | - Fengming Gu
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, China
| | - Weihong Zhou
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, China
| | - Ping Li
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, China
| | - Fuan Wu
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, China
- The Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Mulberry Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Zhenjiang 212100, China
| | - Sheng Sheng
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, China
- The Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Mulberry Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Zhenjiang 212100, China
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6
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Tanaka Y, Ma D, Amaya S, Aishan Y, Shen Y, Funano SI, Tang T, Hosokawa Y, Gusev O, Okuda T, Kikawada T, Yalikun Y. Anhydrobiotic chironomid larval motion-based multi-sensing microdevice for the exploration of survivable locations. iScience 2022; 25:104639. [PMID: 36039361 PMCID: PMC9418600 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
African chironomid (Polypedilum vanderplanki) larvae can suspend their metabolism by undergoing severe desiccation and then resume this activity by simple rehydration. We present a microdevice using interdigital comb electrodes to detect the larval motion using the natural surface charge of the living larvae in water. The larvae were most active 2 h after soaking them in water at 30°C; they exhibited motions with 2 Hz frequency. This was comparable to the signal obtained from the microdevice via fast Fourier transform (FFT) processing. The amplitude of the voltage and current were 0.11 mV and 730 nA, respectively. They would be enough to be detected by a low power consumption microcomputer. Temperature and pH sensing were demonstrated by detecting the vital motions of the revived larvae under different conditions. This multi-functional biosensor will be a useful microdevice to search for survivable locations under extreme environmental conditions like those on other planets. A biosensor using anhydrobiotic chironomid larva was created Interdigital comb electrodes were fabricated to detect the larvae motion Multi-parameters such as temperature or pH can be detected The device can search survivable locations under extreme environmental conditions
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Affiliation(s)
- Yo Tanaka
- Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (BDR), RIKEN, 1-3 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, 1-3 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Corresponding author
| | - Doudou Ma
- Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (BDR), RIKEN, 1-3 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, 1-3 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Satoshi Amaya
- Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (BDR), RIKEN, 1-3 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yusufu Aishan
- Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (BDR), RIKEN, 1-3 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, 1-3 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yigang Shen
- Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (BDR), RIKEN, 1-3 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Shun-ichi Funano
- Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (BDR), RIKEN, 1-3 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Tao Tang
- Graduate School of Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayamacho, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Yoichiroh Hosokawa
- Graduate School of Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayamacho, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Oleg Gusev
- RIKEN Cluster for Science, Technology and Innovation Hub (RCSTI), RIKEN, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Takashi Okuda
- Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, NARO, 1-2 Owashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8634, Japan
| | - Takahiro Kikawada
- Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, NARO, 1-2 Owashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8634, Japan
| | - Yaxiaer Yalikun
- Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (BDR), RIKEN, 1-3 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Graduate School of Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayamacho, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
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7
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Deciphering the Biological Enigma-Genomic Evolution Underlying Anhydrobiosis in the Phylum Tardigrada and the Chironomid Polypedilum vanderplanki. INSECTS 2022; 13:insects13060557. [PMID: 35735894 PMCID: PMC9224920 DOI: 10.3390/insects13060557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Anhydrobiosis, an ametabolic dehydrated state triggered by water loss, is observed in several invertebrate lineages. Anhydrobiotes revive when rehydrated, and seem not to suffer the ultimately lethal cell damage that results from severe loss of water in other organisms. Here, we review the biochemical and genomic evidence that has revealed the protectant molecules, repair systems, and maintenance pathways associated with anhydrobiosis. We then introduce two lineages in which anhydrobiosis has evolved independently: Tardigrada, where anhydrobiosis characterizes many species within the phylum, and the genus Polypedilum, where anhydrobiosis occurs in only two species. Finally, we discuss the complexity of the evolution of anhydrobiosis within invertebrates based on current knowledge, and propose perspectives to enhance the understanding of anhydrobiosis.
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8
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Wada SI, Arimura H, Nagayoshi M, Sawa R, Kubota Y, Matoba K, Hayashi C, Shibuya Y, Hatano M, Takehana Y, Ohba SI, Kobayashi Y, Watanabe T, Shibasaki M, Igarashi M. Rediscovery of 4-Trehalosamine as a Biologically Stable, Mass-Producible, and Chemically Modifiable Trehalose Analog. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2022; 6:e2101309. [PMID: 35297567 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202101309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Nonreducing disaccharide trehalose is used as a stabilizer and humectant in various products and is a potential medicinal drug, showing curative effects on the animal models of various diseases. However, its use is limited as it is hydrolyzed by trehalase, a widely expressed enzyme in multiple organisms. Several trehalose analogs are prepared, including a microbial metabolite 4-trehalosamine, and their high biological stability is confirmed. For further analysis, 4-trehalosamine is selected as it shows high producibility. Compared with trehalose, 4-trehalosamine exhibits better or comparable protective activities and a high buffer capacity around the neutral pH. Another advantage of 4-trehalosamine is its chemical modifiability: simple reactions produce its various derivatives. Labeled probes and detergents are synthesized in one-pot reactions to exemplify the feasibility of their production, and their utility is confirmed for their respective applications. The labeled probes are used for mycobacterial staining. Although the derivative detergents can be effectively used in membrane protein research, long-chain detergents show 1000-3000-fold stronger autophagy-inducing activity in cultured cells than trehalose and are expected to become a drug lead and research reagent. These results indicate that 4-trehalosamine is a useful trehalose substitute for various purposes and a material to produce new useful derivative substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun-Ichi Wada
- Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN), 3-14-23, Kamiosaki, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 141-0021, Japan
| | - Honami Arimura
- Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN), 3-14-23, Kamiosaki, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 141-0021, Japan
| | - Miho Nagayoshi
- Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN), 3-14-23, Kamiosaki, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 141-0021, Japan
| | - Ryuichi Sawa
- Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN), 3-14-23, Kamiosaki, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 141-0021, Japan
| | - Yumiko Kubota
- Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN), 3-14-23, Kamiosaki, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 141-0021, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Matoba
- Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN), 3-14-23, Kamiosaki, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 141-0021, Japan
| | - Chigusa Hayashi
- Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN), 3-14-23, Kamiosaki, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 141-0021, Japan
| | - Yuko Shibuya
- Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN), 3-14-23, Kamiosaki, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 141-0021, Japan
| | - Masaki Hatano
- Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN), 3-14-23, Kamiosaki, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 141-0021, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Takehana
- Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN), 3-14-23, Kamiosaki, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 141-0021, Japan
| | - Shun-Ichi Ohba
- Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN), 3-14-23, Kamiosaki, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 141-0021, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Kobayashi
- Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN), 3-14-23, Kamiosaki, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 141-0021, Japan
| | - Takumi Watanabe
- Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN), 3-14-23, Kamiosaki, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 141-0021, Japan
| | - Masakatsu Shibasaki
- Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN), 3-14-23, Kamiosaki, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 141-0021, Japan
| | - Masayuki Igarashi
- Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN), 3-14-23, Kamiosaki, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 141-0021, Japan
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9
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Giovannini I, Corsetto PA, Altiero T, Montorfano G, Guidetti R, Rizzo AM, Rebecchi L. Antioxidant Response during the Kinetics of Anhydrobiosis in Two Eutardigrade Species. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12060817. [PMID: 35743848 PMCID: PMC9225123 DOI: 10.3390/life12060817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Anhydrobiosis, a peculiar adaptive strategy existing in nature, is a reversible capability of organisms to tolerate a severe loss of their body water when their surrounding habitat is drying out. In the anhydrobiotic state, an organism lacks all dynamic features of living beings since an ongoing metabolism is absent. The depletion of water in the anhydrobiotic state increases the ionic concentration and the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). An imbalance between the increased production of ROS and the limited action of antioxidant defences is a source of biomolecular damage and can lead to oxidative stress. The deleterious effects of oxidative stress were demonstrated in anhydrobiotic unicellular and multicellular organisms, which counteract the effects using efficient antioxidant machinery, mainly represented by ROS scavenger enzymes. To gain insights into the dynamics of antioxidant patterns during the kinetics of the anhydrobiosis of two tardigrade species, Paramacrobiotus spatialis and Acutuncus antarcticus, we investigated the activity of enzymatic antioxidants (catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione reductase) and the amount of non-enzymatic antioxidants (glutathione) in the course of rehydration. In P. spatialis, the activity of catalase increases during dehydration and decreases during rehydration, whereas in A. antarcticus, the activity of superoxide dismutase decreases during desiccation and increases during rehydration. Genomic varieties, different habitats and geographical regions, different diets, and diverse evolutionary lineages may have led to the specialization of antioxidant strategies in the two species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Giovannini
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (I.G.); (R.G.)
| | - Paola Antonia Corsetto
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy; (P.A.C.); (G.M.)
| | - Tiziana Altiero
- Department of Education and Humanities, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 42121 Reggio Emilia, Italy;
| | - Gigliola Montorfano
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy; (P.A.C.); (G.M.)
| | - Roberto Guidetti
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (I.G.); (R.G.)
| | - Angela Maria Rizzo
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy; (P.A.C.); (G.M.)
- Correspondence: (A.M.R.); (L.R.); Tel.: +39-02503-1777 (A.M.R.); +39-0592055553 (L.R.)
| | - Lorena Rebecchi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (I.G.); (R.G.)
- Correspondence: (A.M.R.); (L.R.); Tel.: +39-02503-1777 (A.M.R.); +39-0592055553 (L.R.)
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10
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Kondratyeva SA, Voronina TA, Nesmelov AA, Miyata Y, Tokumoto S, Cornette R, Vorontsova MV, Kikawada T, Gusev OA, Shagimardanova EI. Intracellular Localization and Gene Expression Analysis Provides New Insights on LEA Proteins’ Diversity in Anhydrobiotic Cell Line. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11040487. [PMID: 35453687 PMCID: PMC9031878 DOI: 10.3390/biology11040487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Polypedilum vanderplanki (sleeping chironomid) is widely known for its ability to withstand complete desiccation in a state of anhydrobiosis. The genome of this insect contains a number of hugely expanded paralogous gene groups, including 27 genes that encode late embryogenesis abundant (LEA) proteins. An important question regarding such paralogous genes is whether they are functionally specialized or not. Previously, we found that PvLEA proteins in C-terminal fusions with green fluorescent protein (AcGFP1) have four distinct localization types in mammalian cells. In the current paper, we studied PvLEA expression and localization in both N- and C-terminal fusions with AcGFP1 in anhydrobiotic Pv11 cells, derived from P. vanderplanki. We found that all but two PvLea genes are expressed in Pv11 cells and are upregulated during anhydrobiosis-inducing trehalose treatment similarly to the larvae of P. vanderplanki during the real induction of anhydrobiosis. We found that the localization of PvLEA proteins in N-terminal fusions with AcGFP1 is highly uniform in Pv11 cells and the Sf9 insect cell line. We observed an inconsistency of PvLEA localization between different cell cultures and between N- and C-terminal fusions, that needs to be taken into account when using PvLEA in the engineering of anhydrobiotic cell lines. Abstract Anhydrobiosis, an adaptive ability to withstand complete desiccation, in the nonbiting midge Polypedilum vanderplanki, is associated with the emergence of new multimember gene families, including a group of 27 genes of late embryogenesis abundant (LEA) proteins (PvLea). To obtain new insights into the possible functional specialization of these genes, we investigated the expression and localization of PvLea genes in a P. vanderplanki-derived cell line (Pv11), capable of anhydrobiosis. We confirmed that all but two PvLea genes identified in the genome of P. vanderplanki are expressed in Pv11 cells. Moreover, PvLea genes are induced in Pv11 cells in response to anhydrobiosis-inducing trehalose treatment in a manner highly similar to the larvae of P. vanderplanki during the real induction of anhydrobiosis. Then, we expanded our previous data on PvLEA proteins localization in mammalian cells that were obtained using C-terminal fusions of PvLEA proteins and green fluorescent protein (GFP). We investigated PvLEA localization using N- and C-terminal fusions with GFP in Pv11 cells and the Sf9 insect cell line. We observed an inconsistency of PvLEA localization between different fusion types and different cell cultures, that needs to be taken into account when using PvLEA in the engineering of anhydrobiotic cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabina A. Kondratyeva
- Regulatory Genomics Research Center, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420012 Kazan, Russia; (S.A.K.); (T.A.V.); (O.A.G.)
| | - Taisiya A. Voronina
- Regulatory Genomics Research Center, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420012 Kazan, Russia; (S.A.K.); (T.A.V.); (O.A.G.)
| | - Alexander A. Nesmelov
- Regulatory Genomics Research Center, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420012 Kazan, Russia; (S.A.K.); (T.A.V.); (O.A.G.)
- Correspondence: (A.A.N.); (E.I.S.)
| | - Yugo Miyata
- Division of Biomaterial Science, Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Tsukuba 305-0851, Japan; (Y.M.); (S.T.); (R.C.); (T.K.)
| | - Shoko Tokumoto
- Division of Biomaterial Science, Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Tsukuba 305-0851, Japan; (Y.M.); (S.T.); (R.C.); (T.K.)
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa 277-8568, Japan
| | - Richard Cornette
- Division of Biomaterial Science, Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Tsukuba 305-0851, Japan; (Y.M.); (S.T.); (R.C.); (T.K.)
| | - Maria V. Vorontsova
- Laboratory of Orphan Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 141701 Moscow, Russia;
- Endocrinology Research Center, 115478 Moscow, Russia
| | - Takahiro Kikawada
- Division of Biomaterial Science, Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Tsukuba 305-0851, Japan; (Y.M.); (S.T.); (R.C.); (T.K.)
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa 277-8568, Japan
| | - Oleg A. Gusev
- Regulatory Genomics Research Center, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420012 Kazan, Russia; (S.A.K.); (T.A.V.); (O.A.G.)
- Endocrinology Research Center, 115478 Moscow, Russia
- Department of Regulatory Transcriptomics for Medical Genetic Diagnostics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Juntendo University, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences (IMS), Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Elena I. Shagimardanova
- Regulatory Genomics Research Center, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420012 Kazan, Russia; (S.A.K.); (T.A.V.); (O.A.G.)
- Correspondence: (A.A.N.); (E.I.S.)
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11
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Rehydration of the sleeping chironomid, Polypedilum vanderplanki Hinton, 1951 larvae from cryptobiotic state up to full physiological hydration (Diptera: Chironomidae). Sci Rep 2022; 12:3766. [PMID: 35260641 PMCID: PMC8904844 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-07707-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
During desiccation the Polypedilum vanderplanki larva loses 97% of its body water, resulting in the shutdown of all metabolic and physiological processes. The larvae are able to resume active life when rehydrated. As dehydration process has already been largely understood, rehydration mechanisms are still poorly recognized. X-ray microtomograms and electron scanning microscopy images recorded during the hydration showed that the volume of the larva's head hardly changes, while the remaining parts of the body increase in volume. In the 1H-NMR spectrum, as recorded for active larvae, component characteristic of solid state matter is absent. The spectrum is superposition of components coming from tightly and loosely bound water fraction, as well as from lipids. The value of the c coefficient (0.66 ± 0.02) of the allometric function describing the hydration models means that the increase in the volume of rehydrated larvae over time is linear. The initial phase of hydration does not depend on the chemical composition of water, but the amount of ions affects the further process and the rate of return of larva’s to active life. Diffusion and ion channels play a major role in the permeability of water through the larva's body integument.
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12
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Identification of Genomic Safe Harbors in the Anhydrobiotic Cell Line, Pv11. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13030406. [PMID: 35327960 PMCID: PMC8949610 DOI: 10.3390/genes13030406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Genomic safe harbors (GSHs) provide ideal integration sites for generating transgenic organisms and cells and can be of great benefit in advancing the basic and applied biology of a particular species. Here we report the identification of GSHs in a dry-preservable insect cell line, Pv11, which derives from the sleeping chironomid, Polypedilum vanderplanki, and similar to the larvae of its progenitor species exhibits extreme desiccation tolerance. To identify GSHs, we carried out genome analysis of transgenic cell lines established by random integration of exogenous genes and found four candidate loci. Targeted knock-in was performed into these sites and the phenotypes of the resulting transgenic cell lines were examined. Precise integration was achieved for three candidate GSHs, and in all three cases integration did not alter the anhydrobiotic ability or the proliferation rate of the cell lines. We therefore suggest these genomic loci represent GSHs in Pv11 cells. Indeed, we successfully constructed a knock-in system and introduced an expression unit into one of these GSHs. We therefore identified several GSHs in Pv11 cells and developed a new technique for producing transgenic Pv11 cells without affecting the phenotype.
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13
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Murai Y, Yagi-Utsumi M, Fujiwara M, Tanaka S, Tomita M, Kato K, Arakawa K. Multiomics study of a heterotardigrade, Echinisicus testudo, suggests the possibility of convergent evolution of abundant heat-soluble proteins in Tardigrada. BMC Genomics 2021; 22:813. [PMID: 34763673 PMCID: PMC8582207 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-021-08131-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Many limno-terrestrial tardigrades can enter an ametabolic state, known as anhydrobiosis, upon desiccation, in which the animals can withstand extreme environments. Through genomics studies, molecular components of anhydrobiosis are beginning to be elucidated, such as the expansion of oxidative stress response genes, loss of stress signaling pathways, and gain of tardigrade-specific heat-soluble protein families designated CAHS and SAHS. However, to date, studies have predominantly investigated the class Eutardigrada, and molecular mechanisms in the remaining class, Heterotardigrada, still remains elusive. To address this gap in the research, we report a multiomics study of the heterotardigrade Echiniscus testudo, one of the most desiccation-tolerant species which is not yet culturable in laboratory conditions. Results In order to elucidate the molecular basis of anhydrobiosis in E. testudo, we employed a multi-omics strategy encompassing genome sequencing, differential transcriptomics, and proteomics. Using ultra-low input library sequencing protocol from a single specimen, we sequenced and assembled the 153.7 Mbp genome annotated using RNA-Seq data. None of the previously identified tardigrade-specific abundant heat-soluble genes was conserved, while the loss and expansion of existing pathways were partly shared. Furthermore, we identified two families novel abundant heat-soluble proteins, which we named E. testudo Abundant Heat Soluble (EtAHS), that are predicted to contain large stretches of disordered regions. Likewise the AHS families in eutardigrada, EtAHS shows structural changes from random coil to alphahelix as the water content was decreased in vitro. These characteristics of EtAHS proteins are analogous to those of CAHS in eutardigrades, while there is no conservation at the sequence level. Conclusions Our results suggest that Heterotardigrada have partly shared but distinct anhydrobiosis machinery compared with Eutardigrada, possibly due to convergent evolution within Tardigrada. (276/350). Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12864-021-08131-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumi Murai
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka, Yamagata, Japan.,Systems Biology Program, Graduate School of Media and Governance, Keio University, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Maho Yagi-Utsumi
- Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi, Japan.,Institute for Molecular Science, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi, Japan.,Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Masayuki Fujiwara
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka, Yamagata, Japan.,Systems Biology Program, Graduate School of Media and Governance, Keio University, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Sae Tanaka
- Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi, Japan
| | - Masaru Tomita
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka, Yamagata, Japan.,Systems Biology Program, Graduate School of Media and Governance, Keio University, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan.,Faculty of Environment and Information Studies, Keio University, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Koichi Kato
- Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi, Japan.,Institute for Molecular Science, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi, Japan.,Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Kazuharu Arakawa
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka, Yamagata, Japan. .,Systems Biology Program, Graduate School of Media and Governance, Keio University, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan. .,Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi, Japan. .,Faculty of Environment and Information Studies, Keio University, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan.
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14
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Miyata Y, Fuse H, Tokumoto S, Hiki Y, Deviatiiarov R, Yoshida Y, Yamada TG, Cornette R, Gusev O, Shagimardanova E, Funahashi A, Kikawada T. Cas9-mediated genome editing reveals a significant contribution of calcium signaling pathways to anhydrobiosis in Pv11 cells. Sci Rep 2021; 11:19698. [PMID: 34611198 PMCID: PMC8492635 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-98905-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Pv11 is an insect cell line established from the midge Polypedilum vanderplanki, whose larval form exhibits an extreme desiccation tolerance known as anhydrobiosis. Pv11 itself is also capable of anhydrobiosis, which is induced by trehalose treatment. Here we report the successful construction of a genome editing system for Pv11 cells and its application to the identification of signaling pathways involved in anhydrobiosis. Using the Cas9-mediated gene knock-in system, we established Pv11 cells that stably expressed GCaMP3 to monitor intracellular Ca2+ mobilization. Intriguingly, trehalose treatment evoked a transient increase in cytosolic Ca2+ concentration, and further experiments revealed that the calmodulin-calcineurin-NFAT pathway contributes to tolerance of trehalose treatment as well as desiccation tolerance, while the calmodulin-calmodulin kinase-CREB pathway conferred only desiccation tolerance on Pv11 cells. Thus, our results show a critical contribution of the trehalose-induced Ca2+ surge to anhydrobiosis and demonstrate temporally different roles for each signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yugo Miyata
- Division of Biomaterial Sciences, Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Hiroto Fuse
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
| | - Shoko Tokumoto
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yusuke Hiki
- Department of Biosciences and Informatics, Keio University, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Ruslan Deviatiiarov
- Extreme Biology Laboratory, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Yuki Yoshida
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka, Yamagata, Japan
- Systems Biology Program, Graduate School of Media and Governance, Keio University, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Takahiro G Yamada
- Department of Biosciences and Informatics, Keio University, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Richard Cornette
- Division of Biomaterial Sciences, Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Oleg Gusev
- Extreme Biology Laboratory, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
- Laboratory for Transcriptome Technology, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, RIKEN, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Elena Shagimardanova
- Extreme Biology Laboratory, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Akira Funahashi
- Department of Biosciences and Informatics, Keio University, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Takahiro Kikawada
- Division of Biomaterial Sciences, Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Tsukuba, Japan.
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan.
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15
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Gu S, Liu J, Xiong L, Dong J, Sun E, Hu H, Yang M, Nie L. Morphological mechanism allowing a parasitic leech, Ozobranchus jantseanus (Rhynchobdellida: Ozobranchidae), to survive in ultra-low temperatures. Biol Open 2021; 10:269137. [PMID: 34125176 PMCID: PMC8278134 DOI: 10.1242/bio.058524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Ozobranchus jantseanus is the largest metazoan known to survive in liquid nitrogen without pretreatment to date; however, the mechanism underlying this tolerance remains unclear. In this study, the first analyses of histological and morphological changes in normal, frozen, and dehydrated states were performed. Adults survived after direct placement in liquid nitrogen for 96 h, with a survival rate of approximately 86.7%. The leech could withstand rapid desiccation and its survival rate after rehydration was 100% when its water loss was below about 84.8%. After freezing, desiccation, and ethanol dehydration, the leech immediately formed a hemispherical shape. Particularly during drying, an obvious transparent glass-like substance was observed on surface. Scanning electron microscopy revealed many pores on the surface of the posterior sucker, creating a sponge-like structure, which may help to rapidly expel water, and a hemispherical shape may protect the internal organs by contraction and folding reconstruction in the anterior–posterior direction. A substantial amount of mucopolysaccharides on the surface and acid cells and collagen fibers in the body, all of which contained substantial polysaccharides, may play a key protective role during freezing. Our results indicate that the resistance of leeches to ultra-low temperatures can be explained by cryoprotective dehydration/vitrification strategies. This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper. Summary: The freeze tolerance mechanism of Ozobranchus jantseanus, the largest metazoan animal requiring no pretreatment that can survive in ultra-low temperature, was first studied from the perspective of morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengli Gu
- The Provincial Key Lab of the Conservation and Exploitation Research of Biological Resources in Anhui, Life Science College, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, China.,Department of Parasitology, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, China
| | - Jianjun Liu
- The Provincial Key Lab of the Conservation and Exploitation Research of Biological Resources in Anhui, Life Science College, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, China
| | - Lei Xiong
- The Provincial Key Lab of the Conservation and Exploitation Research of Biological Resources in Anhui, Life Science College, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, China.,Department of Parasitology, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, China
| | - Jinxiu Dong
- The Provincial Key Lab of the Conservation and Exploitation Research of Biological Resources in Anhui, Life Science College, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, China
| | - Entao Sun
- The Provincial Key Lab of the Conservation and Exploitation Research of Biological Resources in Anhui, Life Science College, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, China.,Department of Parasitology, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, China
| | - Haoran Hu
- Department of Parasitology, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, China
| | - Mengli Yang
- The Provincial Key Lab of the Conservation and Exploitation Research of Biological Resources in Anhui, Life Science College, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, China
| | - Liuwang Nie
- The Provincial Key Lab of the Conservation and Exploitation Research of Biological Resources in Anhui, Life Science College, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, China
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16
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Tokumoto S, Miyata Y, Deviatiiarov R, Yamada TG, Hiki Y, Kozlova O, Yoshida Y, Cornette R, Funahashi A, Shagimardanova E, Gusev O, Kikawada T. Genome-Wide Role of HSF1 in Transcriptional Regulation of Desiccation Tolerance in the Anhydrobiotic Cell Line, Pv11. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:5798. [PMID: 34071490 PMCID: PMC8197945 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The Pv11, an insect cell line established from the midge Polypedilum vanderplanki, is capable of extreme hypometabolic desiccation tolerance, so-called anhydrobiosis. We previously discovered that heat shock factor 1 (HSF1) contributes to the acquisition of desiccation tolerance by Pv11 cells, but the mechanistic details have yet to be elucidated. Here, by analyzing the gene expression profiles of newly established HSF1-knockout and -rescue cell lines, we show that HSF1 has a genome-wide effect on gene regulation in Pv11. The HSF1-knockout cells exhibit a reduced desiccation survival rate, but this is completely restored in HSF1-rescue cells. By comparing mRNA profiles of the two cell lines, we reveal that HSF1 induces anhydrobiosis-related genes, especially genes encoding late embryogenesis abundant proteins and thioredoxins, but represses a group of genes involved in basal cellular processes, thus promoting an extreme hypometabolism state in the cell. In addition, HSF1 binding motifs are enriched in the promoters of anhydrobiosis-related genes and we demonstrate binding of HSF1 to these promoters by ChIP-qPCR. Thus, HSF1 directly regulates the transcription of anhydrobiosis-related genes and consequently plays a pivotal role in the induction of anhydrobiotic ability in Pv11 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoko Tokumoto
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa 277-8562, Japan;
| | - Yugo Miyata
- Division of Biotechnology, Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Tsukuba 305-0851, Japan; (Y.M.); (R.C.)
| | - Ruslan Deviatiiarov
- Extreme Biology Laboratory, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia; (R.D.); (O.K.); (E.S.); (O.G.)
| | - Takahiro G. Yamada
- Department of Biosciences and Informatics, Keio University, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan; (T.G.Y.); (Y.H.); (A.F.)
| | - Yusuke Hiki
- Department of Biosciences and Informatics, Keio University, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan; (T.G.Y.); (Y.H.); (A.F.)
| | - Olga Kozlova
- Extreme Biology Laboratory, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia; (R.D.); (O.K.); (E.S.); (O.G.)
| | - Yuki Yoshida
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka 997-0017, Japan;
- Systems Biology Program, Graduate School of Media and Governance, Keio University, Fujisawa 252-8520, Japan
| | - Richard Cornette
- Division of Biotechnology, Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Tsukuba 305-0851, Japan; (Y.M.); (R.C.)
| | - Akira Funahashi
- Department of Biosciences and Informatics, Keio University, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan; (T.G.Y.); (Y.H.); (A.F.)
| | - Elena Shagimardanova
- Extreme Biology Laboratory, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia; (R.D.); (O.K.); (E.S.); (O.G.)
| | - Oleg Gusev
- Extreme Biology Laboratory, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia; (R.D.); (O.K.); (E.S.); (O.G.)
- Laboratory for Transcriptome Technology, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, RIKEN, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Takahiro Kikawada
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa 277-8562, Japan;
- Division of Biotechnology, Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Tsukuba 305-0851, Japan; (Y.M.); (R.C.)
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17
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Harańczyk H, Strzałka K, Kubat K, Andrzejowska A, Olech M, Jakubiec D, Kijak P, Palfner G, Casanova-Katny A. A comparative analysis of gaseous phase hydration properties of two lichenized fungi: Niebla tigrina (Follman) Rundel & Bowler from Atacama Desert and Umbilicaria antarctica Frey & I. M. Lamb from Robert Island, Southern Shetlands Archipelago, maritime Antarctica. Extremophiles 2021; 25:267-283. [PMID: 33942193 PMCID: PMC8102299 DOI: 10.1007/s00792-021-01227-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Gaseous phase hydration properties for thalli of Niebla tigrina from Atacama Desert, and for Umbilicaria antarctica from Isla Robert, maritime Antarctica, were analyzed using 1H-NMR relaxometry, spectroscopy, and sorption isotherm analysis. The molecular dynamics of residual water was monitored to distinguish the sequential binding very tightly, tightly, and loosely bound water fractions. These two species differ in hydration kinetics faster for Desert N. tigrina [A1 = 0.51(4); t1 = 0.51(5) h, t2 = 15.0(1.9) h; total 0.7 for p/p0 = 100%], compared to Antarctic U. antarctica [A1 = 0.082(6), t1 = 2.4(2) h, t2 = [26.9(2.7)] h, total 0.6 for p/p0 = 100%] from humid polar area. The 1H-NMR measurements distinguish signal from tightly bound water, and two signals from loosely bound water, with different chemical shifts higher for U. antarctica than for N. tigrina. Both lichen species contain different amounts of water-soluble solid fraction. For U. antarctica, the saturation concentration of water soluble solid fraction, cs = 0.55(9), and the dissolution effect is detected at least up to Δm/m0 = 0.7, whereas for N. tigrina with the similar saturation concentration, cs = 053(4), this fraction is detected up to the threshold hydration level equal to ΔM/m0 = 0.3 only.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hubert Harańczyk
- M. Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, ul. Łojasiewicza 11, 30-348, Cracow, Poland.
| | - K Strzałka
- Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Cracow, Poland.,Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Cracow, Poland
| | - K Kubat
- M. Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, ul. Łojasiewicza 11, 30-348, Cracow, Poland
| | - A Andrzejowska
- M. Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, ul. Łojasiewicza 11, 30-348, Cracow, Poland
| | - M Olech
- Institute of Botany, Jagiellonian University, Cracow, Poland.,Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - D Jakubiec
- M. Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, ul. Łojasiewicza 11, 30-348, Cracow, Poland
| | - P Kijak
- M. Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, ul. Łojasiewicza 11, 30-348, Cracow, Poland
| | - G Palfner
- Mycological and Mycorrhizal Laboratory, Concepción University, Concepción, Chile
| | - Angélica Casanova-Katny
- Plant Ecophysiology Laboratory, Faculty of Natural Resources, Catholic University of Temuco, Rudecindo Ortega, 03694, Temuco, Chile.
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Tokumoto S, Miyata Y, Usui K, Deviatiiarov R, Ohkawa T, Kondratieva S, Shagimardanova E, Gusev O, Cornette R, Itoh M, Hayashizaki Y, Kikawada T. Development of a Tet-On Inducible Expression System for the Anhydrobiotic Cell Line, Pv11. INSECTS 2020; 11:E781. [PMID: 33187095 PMCID: PMC7696976 DOI: 10.3390/insects11110781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The Pv11 cell line established from an African chironomid, Polypedilum vanderplanki, is the only cell line tolerant to complete desiccation. In Pv11 cells, a constitutive expression system for Pv11 cells was previously exploited and several reporter genes were successfully expressed. Here we report the identification of an effective minimal promoter for Pv11 cells and its application to the Tet-On inducible expression system. First, using a luciferase reporter assay, we showed that a 202 bp deletion fragment derived from the constitutively active 121-promoter functions in Pv11 cells as an appropriate minimal promoter with the Tet-On inducible expression system. The AcGFP1 (Aequorea coerulescens green fluorescent protein) was also successfully expressed in Pv11 cells using the inducible system. In addition to these reporter genes, the avian myeloblastosis virus reverse transcriptase α subunit (AMV RTα), which is one of the most widely commercially available RNA-dependent DNA polymerases, was successfully expressed through the inducible expression system and its catalytic activity was verified. These results demonstrate the establishment of an inducible expression system in cells that can be preserved in the dry state and highlight a possible application to the production of large and complex proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoko Tokumoto
- Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa 277-8562, Japan; (S.T.); (R.C.)
| | - Yugo Miyata
- Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Institute of Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Tsukuba 305-0851, Japan;
| | - Kengo Usui
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences (IMS), Yokohama 230-0045, Japan; (K.U.); (T.O.)
| | - Ruslan Deviatiiarov
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Tatarstan 420012, Russia; (R.D.); (S.K.); (E.S.); (O.G.)
| | - Takahiro Ohkawa
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences (IMS), Yokohama 230-0045, Japan; (K.U.); (T.O.)
| | - Sabina Kondratieva
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Tatarstan 420012, Russia; (R.D.); (S.K.); (E.S.); (O.G.)
| | - Elena Shagimardanova
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Tatarstan 420012, Russia; (R.D.); (S.K.); (E.S.); (O.G.)
| | - Oleg Gusev
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Tatarstan 420012, Russia; (R.D.); (S.K.); (E.S.); (O.G.)
- RIKEN Preventive Medicine and Diagnosis Innovation Program, Wako 351-0198, Japan; (M.I.); (Y.H.)
| | - Richard Cornette
- Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa 277-8562, Japan; (S.T.); (R.C.)
| | - Masayoshi Itoh
- RIKEN Preventive Medicine and Diagnosis Innovation Program, Wako 351-0198, Japan; (M.I.); (Y.H.)
| | - Yoshihide Hayashizaki
- RIKEN Preventive Medicine and Diagnosis Innovation Program, Wako 351-0198, Japan; (M.I.); (Y.H.)
| | - Takahiro Kikawada
- Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa 277-8562, Japan; (S.T.); (R.C.)
- Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Institute of Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Tsukuba 305-0851, Japan;
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19
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Palazzese L, Anzalone DA, Turri F, Faieta M, Donnadio A, Pizzi F, Pittia P, Matsukawa K, Loi P. Whole genome integrity and enhanced developmental potential in ram freeze-dried spermatozoa at mild sub-zero temperature. Sci Rep 2020; 10:18873. [PMID: 33139842 PMCID: PMC7606492 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-76061-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Freeze-dried spermatozoa typically shows a reduction in fertility primarily due to the DNA damage resulting from the sublimation process. In order to minimize the physical/mechanical damage resulting from lyophilization, here we focused on the freezing phase, comparing two cooling protocols: (i) rapid-freezing, where ram sperm sample is directly plunged into liquid nitrogen (LN-group), as currently done; (ii) slow-freezing, where the sample is progressively cooled to − 50 °C (SF-group). The spermatozoa dried in both conditions were analysed to assess residual water content by Thermal Gravimetric Analysis (TGA) and DNA integrity using Sperm Chromatin Structure Assay (SCSA). TGA revealed more than 90% of water subtraction in both groups. A minor DNA damage, Double-Strand Break (DSB) in particular, characterized by a lower degree of abnormal chromatin structure (Alpha-T), was detected in the SF-group, comparing to the LN-one. In accordance with the structural and DNA integrity data, spermatozoa from SF-group had the best embryonic development rates, comparing to LN-group: cleaved embryos [42/100 (42%) versus 19/75 (25.3%), P < 0.05, SL and LN respectively] and blastocyst formation [7/100 (7%) versus 2/75 (2.7%), P < 0.05, SF and LN respectively]. This data represents a significant technological advancement for the development of lyophilization as a valuable and cheaper alternative to deep-freezing in LN for ram semen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Palazzese
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, Street R. Balzarini 1, Campus Coste Sant'Agostino, 64100, Teramo, Italy
| | - Debora Agata Anzalone
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, Street R. Balzarini 1, Campus Coste Sant'Agostino, 64100, Teramo, Italy
| | - Federica Turri
- Institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology (IBBA), National Research Council (CNR), 26900, Lodi, Italy
| | - Marco Faieta
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, 64100, Teramo, Italy
| | - Anna Donnadio
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, 06123, Perugia, Italy
| | - Flavia Pizzi
- Institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology (IBBA), National Research Council (CNR), 26900, Lodi, Italy
| | - Paola Pittia
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, 64100, Teramo, Italy
| | - Kazutsugu Matsukawa
- Faculty of Agriculture and Marine Science, Kochi University, Kochi, 783-8502, Japan
| | - Pasqualino Loi
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, Street R. Balzarini 1, Campus Coste Sant'Agostino, 64100, Teramo, Italy.
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Diversity and Regulation of S-Adenosylmethionine Dependent Methyltransferases in the Anhydrobiotic Midge. INSECTS 2020; 11:insects11090634. [PMID: 32947792 PMCID: PMC7565475 DOI: 10.3390/insects11090634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Multiple co-localized paralogs of genes in Polypedilum vanderplanki's genome have strong transcriptional response to dehydration and considered to be a part of adaptation machinery at the larvae stage. One group of such genes represented by L-isoaspartate O-methyltransferases (PIMT). In order to highlight specific role of PIMT paralogization in desiccation tolerance of the larvae we annotated and compared S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) dependent methyltransferases of four insect species. From another side we applied co-expression analysis in desiccation/rehydration time course and showed that PIMT coding genes could be separated into five clusters by expression profile. We found that among Polypedilum vanderplanki's PIMTs only PIMT1 and PIMT2 have enzymatic activity in normal physiological conditions. From in silico analysis of the protein structures we found two highly variable regions outside of the active center, but also amino acid substitutions which may affect SAM stabilization. Overall, in this study we demonstrated features of Polypedilum vanderplanki's PIMT coding paralogs related to different roles in desiccation tolerance of the larvae. Our results also suggest a role of different SAM-methyltransferases in the adaptation, including GSMT, JHAMT, and candidates from other classes, which could be considered in future studies.
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21
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Gade VR, Traikov S, Oertel J, Fahmy K, Kurzchalia TV. C. elegans possess a general program to enter cryptobiosis that allows dauer larvae to survive different kinds of abiotic stress. Sci Rep 2020; 10:13466. [PMID: 32778668 PMCID: PMC7417548 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-70311-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
All organisms encounter abiotic stress but only certain organisms are able to cope with extreme conditions and enter into cryptobiosis (hidden life). Previously, we have shown that C. elegans dauer larvae can survive severe desiccation (anhydrobiosis), a specific form of cryptobiosis. Entry into anhydrobiosis is preceded by activation of a set of biochemical pathways by exposure to mild desiccation. This process called preconditioning induces elevation of trehalose, intrinsically disordered proteins, polyamines and some other pathways that allow the preservation of cellular functionality in the absence of water. Here, we demonstrate that another stress factor, high osmolarity, activates similar biochemical pathways. The larvae that acquired resistance to high osmotic pressure can also withstand desiccation. In addition, high osmolarity significantly increases the biosynthesis of glycerol making larva tolerant to freezing. Thus, to survive abiotic stress, C. elegans activates a combination of genetic and biochemical pathways that serve as a general survival program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vamshidhar R Gade
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Pfotenhauerstrasse 108, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Sofia Traikov
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Pfotenhauerstrasse 108, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jana Oertel
- Institute of Resource Ecology at the Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany
| | - Karim Fahmy
- Institute of Resource Ecology at the Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany
| | - Teymuras V Kurzchalia
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Pfotenhauerstrasse 108, 01307, Dresden, Germany.
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Combined metabolome and transcriptome analysis reveals key components of complete desiccation tolerance in an anhydrobiotic insect. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:19209-19220. [PMID: 32723826 PMCID: PMC7431039 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2003650117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Anhydrobiosis is a reversible ametabolic state that occurs in response to severe desiccation. The largest anhydrobiotic animal known is the larva of the African chironomid Polypedilum vanderplanki. Here, we investigated how the metabolism of larvae changes during the desiccation–rehydration cycle and how simple biochemical processes determine viability of the chironomid. Major findings suggest that, in addition to its known anhydroprotectant role, trehalose acts as a major source of energy for rehydration. Citrate and adenosine monophosphate, accumulated in the dry state, allow rapid resumption of metabolism during the recovery phase. Finally, metabolic waste is stored as stable or nontoxic compounds such as allantoin, xanthurenic acid, or ophthalmic acid that may also act as antioxidants. Some organisms have evolved a survival strategy to withstand severe dehydration in an ametabolic state, called anhydrobiosis. The only known example of anhydrobiosis among insects is observed in larvae of the chironomid Polypedilum vanderplanki. Recent studies have led to a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying anhydrobiosis and the action of specific protective proteins. However, gene regulation alone cannot explain the rapid biochemical reactions and independent metabolic changes that are expected to sustain anhydrobiosis. For this reason, we conducted a comprehensive comparative metabolome–transcriptome analysis in the larvae. We showed that anhydrobiotic larvae adopt a unique metabolic strategy to cope with complete desiccation and, in particular, to allow recovery after rehydration. We argue that trehalose, previously known for its anhydroprotective properties, plays additional vital roles, providing both the principal source of energy and also the restoration of antioxidant potential via the pentose phosphate pathway during the early stages of rehydration. Thus, larval viability might be directly dependent on the total amount of carbohydrate (glycogen and trehalose). Furthermore, in the anhydrobiotic state, energy is stored as accumulated citrate and adenosine monophosphate, allowing rapid reactivation of the citric acid cycle and mitochondrial activity immediately after rehydration, before glycolysis is fully functional. Other specific adaptations to desiccation include potential antioxidants (e.g., ophthalmic acid) and measures to avoid the accumulation of toxic waste metabolites by converting these to stable and inert counterparts (e.g., xanthurenic acid and allantoin). Finally, we confirmed that these metabolic adaptations correlate with unique organization and expression of the corresponding enzyme genes.
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23
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Voronina TA, Nesmelov AA, Kondratyeva SA, Deviatiiarov RM, Miyata Y, Tokumoto S, Cornette R, Gusev OA, Kikawada T, Shagimardanova EI. New group of transmembrane proteins associated with desiccation tolerance in the anhydrobiotic midge Polypedilum vanderplanki. Sci Rep 2020; 10:11633. [PMID: 32669703 PMCID: PMC7363813 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-68330-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Larvae of the sleeping chironomid Polypedilum vanderplanki are known for their extraordinary ability to survive complete desiccation in an ametabolic state called "anhydrobiosis". The unique feature of P. vanderplanki genome is the presence of expanded gene clusters associated with anhydrobiosis. While several such clusters represent orthologues of known genes, there is a distinct set of genes unique for P. vanderplanki. These include Lea-Island-Located (LIL) genes with no known orthologues except two of LEA genes of P. vanderplanki, PvLea1 and PvLea3. However, PvLIL proteins lack typical features of LEA such as the state of intrinsic disorder, hydrophilicity and characteristic LEA_4 motif. They possess four to five transmembrane domains each and we confirmed membrane targeting for three PvLILs. Conserved amino acids in PvLIL are located in transmembrane domains or nearby. PvLEA1 and PvLEA3 proteins are chimeras combining LEA-like parts and transmembrane domains, shared with PvLIL proteins. We have found that PvLil genes are highly upregulated during anhydrobiosis induction both in larvae of P. vanderplanki and P. vanderplanki-derived cultured cell line, Pv11. Thus, PvLil are a new intriguing group of genes that are likely to be associated with anhydrobiosis due to their common origin with some LEA genes and their induction during anhydrobiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taisiya A Voronina
- Extreme Biology laboratory, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Alexander A Nesmelov
- Extreme Biology laboratory, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Sabina A Kondratyeva
- Extreme Biology laboratory, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Ruslan M Deviatiiarov
- Extreme Biology laboratory, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Yugo Miyata
- Division of Biotechnology, Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Institute of Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Shoko Tokumoto
- Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Richard Cornette
- Division of Biotechnology, Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Institute of Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Oleg A Gusev
- Extreme Biology laboratory, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
- KFU-RIKEN Translational Genomics Unit, RIKEN Cluster for Science, Technology and Innovation Hub, RIKEN, Yokohama, Japan
- Laboratory for Transcriptome Technology, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, RIKEN, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Takahiro Kikawada
- Division of Biotechnology, Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Institute of Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Tsukuba, Japan.
- Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Japan.
| | - Elena I Shagimardanova
- Extreme Biology laboratory, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia.
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García-Roger EM, Lubzens E, Fontaneto D, Serra M. Facing Adversity: Dormant Embryos in Rotifers. THE BIOLOGICAL BULLETIN 2019; 237:119-144. [PMID: 31714860 DOI: 10.1086/705701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
An in-depth look at the basic aspects of dormancy in cyclic parthenogenetic organisms is now possible thanks to research efforts conducted over the past two decades with rotifer dormant embryos. In this review, we assemble and compose the current knowledge on four central themes: (1) distribution of dormancy in animals, with an overview on the phylogenetic distribution of embryo dormancy in metazoans, and (2) physiological and cellular processes involved in dormancy, with a strong emphasis on the dormant embryos of cyclically parthenogenetic monogonont rotifers; and discussions of (3) the selective pressures and (4) the evolutionary and population implications of dormancy in these animals. Dormancy in metazoans is a widespread phenomenon with taxon-specific features, and rotifers are among the animals in which dormancy is an intrinsic feature of their life cycle. Our review shows that embryo dormancy in rotifers shares common functional pathways with other taxa at the molecular and cellular level, despite the independent evolution of dormancy across phyla. These pathways include the arrest of similar metabolic routes and the usage of common metabolites for the stabilization of cellular structures and to confer stress resistance. We conclude that specific features of recurrent harsh environmental conditions are a powerful selective pressure for the fine-tuning of dormancy patterns in rotifers. We hypothesize that similar mechanisms at the organism level will lead to similar adaptive consequences at the population level across taxa, among which the formation of egg banks, the coexistence of species, and the possibility of differentiation among populations and local adaptation stand out. Our review shows how studies of rotifers have contributed to improved knowledge of all of these aspects.
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25
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Wang CY, Bong LJ, Neoh KB. Adult Paederus fuscipes (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) Beetles Overcome Water Loss With Increased Total Body Water Content, Energy Metabolite Storage, and Reduced Cuticular Permeability: Age, Sex-Specific, and Mating Status Effects on Desiccation. ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY 2019; 48:911-922. [PMID: 31177281 DOI: 10.1093/ee/nvz065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The ability of Paederus beetles to resist desiccation stress is vital to their adaptability in various ecological niches. How water relations and their response to desiccation vary among adult beetles of different age, sex, and mating status is unclear. We examined the water relations of adult Paederus fuscipes Curtis and the mechanisms used to reduce desiccation stress. One-day-old beetles had an exceptionally high percent total body water (%TBW) content and tolerated a high level of %TBW loss. Newly emerged beetles contained a high level of trehalose and 40 to 60% lipid content of their total dry mass, which allowed them to endure desiccation. Beetles that were 10 wk old and older exhibited reduced cuticular permeability. Glucose, glycogen, and lipid contents were crucial throughout most of the adult life span, as they helped compensate for water loss via increased water vapor absorption and metabolic water. In particular, the accumulation of lipid after mating was significant and may further confer tolerance to water loss. The effect of melanization on the desiccation tolerance of beetles was not significant. Females had better tolerance in response to desiccation stress compared with males. We suggest that the observed differences between sexes likely were a function of water relations and an effect of energy metabolite reserves. However, the mortality of females at 24-h postdesiccating stage was marginally significant compared with males. These results demonstrate that P. fuscipes adults prevent dehydration using multiple mechanisms that collectively reduce desiccation stress and increase dehydration tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Yu Wang
- Department of Entomology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Lee-Jin Bong
- Department of Entomology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Kok-Boon Neoh
- Department of Entomology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
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27
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Metabolomics reveals novel insight on dormancy of aquatic invertebrate encysted embryos. Sci Rep 2019; 9:8878. [PMID: 31222034 PMCID: PMC6586685 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-45061-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous aquatic invertebrates survive harsh environments by displaying dormancy as encysted embryos. This study aimed at determining whether metabolomics could provide molecular insight to explain the "dormancy syndrome" by highlighting functional pathways and metabolites, hence offering a novel comprehensive molecular view of dormancy. We compared the metabolome of morphologically distinct dormant encysted embryos (resting eggs) and non-dormant embryos (amictic eggs) of a rotifer (Brachionus plicatilis). Metabolome profiling revealed ~5,000 features, 1,079 of which were annotated. Most of the features were represented at significantly higher levels in non-dormant than dormant embryos. A large number of features was assigned to putative functional pathways indicating novel differences between dormant and non-dormant states. These include features associated with glycolysis, the TCA and urea cycles, amino acid, purine and pyrimidine metabolism. Interestingly, ATP, nucleobases, cyclic nucleotides, thymidine and uracil, were not detected in dormant resting eggs, suggesting an impairment of response to environmental and internal cues, cessation of DNA synthesis, transcription and plausibly translation in the dormant embryos. The levels of trehalose or its analogues, with a role in survival under desiccation conditions, were higher in resting eggs. In conclusion, the current study highlights metabolomics as a major analytical tool to functionally compare dormancy across species.
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28
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Identification of a novel strong promoter from the anhydrobiotic midge, Polypedilum vanderplanki, with conserved function in various insect cell lines. Sci Rep 2019; 9:7004. [PMID: 31065019 PMCID: PMC6504868 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-43441-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Larvae of the African midge Polypedilum vanderplanki (Diptera: Chironomidae) show a form of extreme desiccation tolerance known as anhydrobiosis. The cell line Pv11 was recently established from the species, and these cells can also survive under desiccated conditions, and proliferate normally after rehydration. Here we report the identification of a new promoter, 121, which has strong constitutive transcriptional activity in Pv11 cells and promotes effective expression of exogenous genes. Using a luciferase reporter assay, this strong transcriptional activity was shown to be conserved in cell lines from various insect species, including S2 (Drosophila melanogaster, Diptera), SaPe-4 (Sarcophaga peregrina, Diptera), Sf9 (Spodoptera frugiperda, Lepidoptera) and Tc81 (Tribolium castaneum, Coleoptera) cells. In conjunction with an appropriate selection maker gene, the 121 promoter was able to confer zeocin resistance on SaPe-4 cells and allowed the establishment of stable SaPe-4 cell lines expressing the fluorescent protein AcGFP1; this is the first report of heterologous gene expression in this cell line. These results show the 121 promoter to be a versatile tool for exogenous gene expression in a wide range of insect cell lines, particularly useful to those from non-model insect species.
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Belyakov VP, Anufriieva EV, Bazhora AI, Shadrin NV. Effect of Salinity on Chironomid Larvae (Diptera, Chironomidae) in Hypersaline Lakes of Crimea. BIOL BULL+ 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s1062359018100059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Mobilization of fat body glycogen and haemolymph trehalose under nutritional stress in Bombyx mori larvae in relation to their physiological age and the duration of food deprivation. Biologia (Bratisl) 2019. [DOI: 10.2478/s11756-019-00196-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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31
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Thorat L, Nath BB. Insects With Survival Kits for Desiccation Tolerance Under Extreme Water Deficits. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1843. [PMID: 30622480 PMCID: PMC6308239 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The year 2002 marked the tercentenary of Antonie van Leeuwenhoek's discovery of desiccation tolerance in animals. This remarkable phenomenon to sustain 'life' in the absence of water can be revived upon return of hydrating conditions. Today, coping with climate change-related factors, especially temperature-humidity imbalance, is a global challenge. Under such adverse circumstances, desiccation tolerance remains a prime mechanism of several plants and a few animals to escape the hostile consequences of fluctuating hydroperiodicity patterns in their habitats. Among small animals, insects have demonstrated impressive resilience to dehydration and thrive under physiological water deficits without compromising on revival and survival upon rehydration. The focus of this review is to compile research insights on insect desiccation tolerance, gathered over the past several decades from numerous laboratories worldwide working on different insect groups. We provide a comparative overview of species-specific behavioral changes, adjustments in physiological biochemistry and cellular and molecular mechanisms as few of the noteworthy desiccation-responsive survival kits in insects. Finally, we highlight the role of insects as potential mechanistic models in tracking global warming which will form the basis for translational research to mitigate periods of climatic uncertainty predicted for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leena Thorat
- Stress Biology Research Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India
| | - Bimalendu B Nath
- Stress Biology Research Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India
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Janis B, Belott C, Menze MA. Role of Intrinsic Disorder in Animal Desiccation Tolerance. Proteomics 2018; 18:e1800067. [DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201800067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Revised: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Brett Janis
- Department of Biology University of Louisville Louisville KY 40292 USA
| | - Clinton Belott
- Department of Biology University of Louisville Louisville KY 40292 USA
| | - Michael A. Menze
- Department of Biology University of Louisville Louisville KY 40292 USA
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Cooption of heat shock regulatory system for anhydrobiosis in the sleeping chironomid Polypedilum vanderplanki. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:E2477-E2486. [PMID: 29463761 PMCID: PMC5877948 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1719493115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Anhydrobiosis is an ametabolic state found in several organisms that can survive extreme desiccation. It is of practical interest because its application to other systems might allow room temperature preservation of cells, tissues, or organs in the dry state. The insect Polypedilum vanderplanki is the most complex animal that can enter anhydrobiosis. Proteins responsible for desiccation tolerance in P. vanderplanki are relatively well studied, but little is known about mechanisms underlying their induction during desiccation. Here, we show that the heat shock transcription factor regulatory network was coopted during the evolution of P. vanderplanki to activate many known desiccation-protective genes, including genes encoding late embryogenesis abundant (LEA) proteins. Polypedilum vanderplanki is a striking and unique example of an insect that can survive almost complete desiccation. Its genome and a set of dehydration–rehydration transcriptomes, together with the genome of Polypedilum nubifer (a congeneric desiccation-sensitive midge), were recently released. Here, using published and newly generated datasets reflecting detailed transcriptome changes during anhydrobiosis, as well as a developmental series, we show that the TCTAGAA DNA motif, which closely resembles the binding motif of the Drosophila melanogaster heat shock transcription activator (Hsf), is significantly enriched in the promoter regions of desiccation-induced genes in P. vanderplanki, such as genes encoding late embryogenesis abundant (LEA) proteins, thioredoxins, or trehalose metabolism-related genes, but not in P. nubifer. Unlike P. nubifer, P. vanderplanki has double TCTAGAA sites upstream of the Hsf gene itself, which is probably responsible for the stronger activation of Hsf in P. vanderplanki during desiccation compared with P. nubifer. To confirm the role of Hsf in desiccation-induced gene activation, we used the Pv11 cell line, derived from P. vanderplanki embryo. After preincubation with trehalose, Pv11 cells can enter anhydrobiosis and survive desiccation. We showed that Hsf knockdown suppresses trehalose-induced activation of multiple predicted Hsf targets (including P. vanderplanki-specific LEA protein genes) and reduces the desiccation survival rate of Pv11 cells fivefold. Thus, cooption of the heat shock regulatory system has been an important evolutionary mechanism for adaptation to desiccation in P. vanderplanki.
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Yamada T, Habara O, Kubo H, Nishimura T. Fat body glycogen serves as a metabolic safeguard for the maintenance of sugar levels in Drosophila. Development 2018; 145:dev.158865. [DOI: 10.1242/dev.158865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Adapting to changes in food availability is a central challenge for survival. Glucose is an important resource for energy production, and therefore, many organisms synthesize and retain sugar storage molecules. In insects, glucose is stored in two different forms: the disaccharide trehalose and the branched polymer glycogen. Glycogen is synthesized and stored in several tissues, including in muscle and the fat body. Despite the important role of the fat body as a center for energy metabolism, the importance of its glycogen content remains unclear. Here, we show that glycogen metabolism is regulated in a tissue-specific manner under starvation conditions in the fruit fly Drosophila. The mobilization of fat body glycogen in larvae is independent of adipokinetic hormone (Akh, the glucagon homolog) but is regulated by sugar availability in a tissue-autonomous manner. Fat body glycogen plays a critical role in the maintenance of circulating sugars, including trehalose, under fasting conditions. These results demonstrate the importance of fat body glycogen as a metabolic safeguard in Drosophila.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Yamada
- Laboratory for Growth Control Signaling, RIKEN Center for Developmental Biology (CDB), 2-2-3 Minatojima-Minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan
| | - Okiko Habara
- Laboratory for Growth Control Signaling, RIKEN Center for Developmental Biology (CDB), 2-2-3 Minatojima-Minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan
| | - Hitomi Kubo
- Laboratory for Growth Control Signaling, RIKEN Center for Developmental Biology (CDB), 2-2-3 Minatojima-Minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan
| | - Takashi Nishimura
- Laboratory for Growth Control Signaling, RIKEN Center for Developmental Biology (CDB), 2-2-3 Minatojima-Minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan
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Nesmelov A, Cornette R, Gusev O, Kikawada T. The Antioxidant System in the Anhydrobiotic Midge as an Essential, Adaptive Mechanism for Desiccation Survival. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1081:259-270. [PMID: 30288714 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-1244-1_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
One of the major damaging factors for living organisms experiencing water insufficiency is oxidative stress. Loss of water causes a dramatic increase in the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Thus, the ability for some organisms to survive almost complete desiccation (called anhydrobiosis) is tightly related to the ability to overcome extraordinary oxidative stress. The most complex anhydrobiotic organism known is the larva of the chironomid Polypedilum vanderplanki. Its antioxidant system shows remarkable features, such as an expansion of antioxidant genes, their overexpression, as well as the absence or low expression of enzymes required for the synthesis of ascorbate and glutathione and their antioxidant function. In this chapter, we summarize existing data about the antioxidant system of this insect, which is able to cope with substantial oxidative damage, even in an intracellular environment that is severely disturbed due to water loss.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Richard Cornette
- Molecular Biomimetics Research Unit, Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, NARO, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Oleg Gusev
- Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
- RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, RIKEN, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Takahiro Kikawada
- Molecular Biomimetics Research Unit, Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, NARO, Tsukuba, Japan.
- Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Chiba, Japan.
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36
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Involvement of Heat Shock Proteins in Invertebrate Anhydrobiosis. HEAT SHOCK PROTEINS AND STRESS 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-90725-3_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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37
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Rosendale AJ, Romick-Rosendale LE, Watanabe M, Dunlevy ME, Benoit JB. Mechanistic underpinnings of dehydration stress in the American dog tick revealed through RNA-Seq and metabolomics. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 219:1808-19. [PMID: 27307540 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.137315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Ticks are obligate blood feeders but spend the majority of their lifetime off-host where they must contend with a multitude of environmental stresses. Survival under desiccating conditions is a determinant for habitats where ticks can become established, and water-balance characteristics of ticks have been extensively studied. However, little is known about the underlying aspects associated with dehydration stress in ticks. In this study, we examined the response of male American dog ticks, Dermacentor variabilis, to dehydration using a combined transcriptomics and metabolomics approach. During dehydration, 497 genes were differentially expressed, including an up-regulation of stress-response and protein-catabolism genes and concurrent down-regulation of several energetically expensive biological processes. Accumulation of several metabolites, including specific amino acids, glycerol and gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA), and transcript shifts in the associated pathways for generating these metabolites indicated congruence between changes in the metabolome and gene expression. Ticks treated with exogenous glycerol and GABA demonstrated altered water-balance characteristics; specifically, increased water absorption at high relative humidity. Finally, we observed changes in locomotor activity in response to dehydration, but this change was not influenced by the accumulation of GABA. Overall, the responses to dehydration by these ticks were similar to those observed in other dehydration-tolerant arthropods, but several molecular and behavioral responses are distinct from those associated with other taxa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Rosendale
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA
| | | | - Miki Watanabe
- Division of Pathology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Megan E Dunlevy
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA
| | - Joshua B Benoit
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA
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Towards water-free biobanks: long-term dry-preservation at room temperature of desiccation-sensitive enzyme luciferase in air-dried insect cells. Sci Rep 2017; 7:6540. [PMID: 28747745 PMCID: PMC5529557 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-06945-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Desiccation-tolerant cultured cells Pv11 derived from the anhydrobiotic midge embryo endure complete desiccation in an ametabolic state and resume their metabolism after rehydration. These features led us to develop a novel dry preservation technology for enzymes as it was still unclear whether Pv11 cells could preserve an exogenous enzyme in the dry state. This study shows that Pv11 cells protect an exogenous desiccation-sensitive enzyme, luciferase (Luc), preserving the enzymatic activity even after dry storage for 372 days at room temperature. A process including preincubation with trehalose, dehydration, storage, and rehydration allowed Pv11 (Pv11-Luc) cells stably expressing luciferase to survive desiccation and still emit luminescence caused by luciferase after rehydration. Luminescence produced by luciferase in Pv11-Luc cells after rehydration did not significantly decrease in presence of a translation inhibitor, showing that the activity did not derive from de novo enzyme synthesis following the resumption of cell metabolism. These findings indicate that the surviving Pv11 cells almost completely protect luciferase during desiccation. Lacking of the preincubation step resulted in the loss of luciferase activity after rehydration. We showed that preincubation with trehalose associated to induction of desiccation tolerance-related genes in Pv11 cells allowed effective in vivo preservation of enzymes in the dry state.
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Ziv T, Chalifa-Caspi V, Denekamp N, Plaschkes I, Kierszniowska S, Blais I, Admon A, Lubzens E. Dormancy in Embryos: Insight from Hydrated Encysted Embryos of an Aquatic Invertebrate. Mol Cell Proteomics 2017; 16:1746-1769. [PMID: 28729386 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.ra117.000109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous aquatic invertebrates remain dormant for decades in a hydrated state as encysted embryos. In search for functional pathways associated with this form of dormancy, we used label-free quantitative proteomics to compare the proteomes of hydrated encysted dormant embryos (resting eggs; RE) with nondormant embryos (amictic eggs; AM) of the rotifer Brachionus plicatilisA total of 2631 proteins were identified in rotifer eggs. About 62% proteins showed higher abundance in AM relative to RE (Fold Change>3; p = 0.05). Proteins belonging to numerous putative functional pathways showed dramatic changes during dormancy. Most striking were changes in the mitochondria indicating an impeded metabolism. A comparison between the abundance of proteins and their corresponding transcript levels, revealed higher concordance for RE than for AM. Surprisingly, numerous highly abundant dormancy related proteins show corresponding high mRNA levels in metabolically inactive RE. As these mRNAs and proteins degrade at the time of exit from dormancy they may serve as a source of nucleotides and amino acids during the exit from dormancy. Because proteome analyses point to a similarity in functional pathways of hydrated RE and desiccated life forms, REs were dried. Similar hatching and reproductive rates were found for wet and dried REs, suggesting analogous pathways for long-term survival in wet or dry forms. Analysis by KEGG pathways revealed a few general strategies for dormancy, proposing an explanation for the low transcriptional similarity among dormancies across species, despite the resemblance in physiological phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamar Ziv
- From the ‡Faculty of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Vered Chalifa-Caspi
- §National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Nadav Denekamp
- ¶Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, Haifa, Israel
| | - Inbar Plaschkes
- §National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | | | - Idit Blais
- **Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and IVF, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Carmel Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
| | - Arie Admon
- From the ‡Faculty of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Esther Lubzens
- From the ‡Faculty of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel;
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40
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Yoshida Y, Koutsovoulos G, Laetsch DR, Stevens L, Kumar S, Horikawa DD, Ishino K, Komine S, Kunieda T, Tomita M, Blaxter M, Arakawa K. Comparative genomics of the tardigrades Hypsibius dujardini and Ramazzottius varieornatus. PLoS Biol 2017; 15:e2002266. [PMID: 28749982 PMCID: PMC5531438 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.2002266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Tardigrada, a phylum of meiofaunal organisms, have been at the center of discussions of the evolution of Metazoa, the biology of survival in extreme environments, and the role of horizontal gene transfer in animal evolution. Tardigrada are placed as sisters to Arthropoda and Onychophora (velvet worms) in the superphylum Panarthropoda by morphological analyses, but many molecular phylogenies fail to recover this relationship. This tension between molecular and morphological understanding may be very revealing of the mode and patterns of evolution of major groups. Limnoterrestrial tardigrades display extreme cryptobiotic abilities, including anhydrobiosis and cryobiosis, as do bdelloid rotifers, nematodes, and other animals of the water film. These extremophile behaviors challenge understanding of normal, aqueous physiology: how does a multicellular organism avoid lethal cellular collapse in the absence of liquid water? Meiofaunal species have been reported to have elevated levels of horizontal gene transfer (HGT) events, but how important this is in evolution, and particularly in the evolution of extremophile physiology, is unclear. To address these questions, we resequenced and reassembled the genome of H. dujardini, a limnoterrestrial tardigrade that can undergo anhydrobiosis only after extensive pre-exposure to drying conditions, and compared it to the genome of R. varieornatus, a related species with tolerance to rapid desiccation. The 2 species had contrasting gene expression responses to anhydrobiosis, with major transcriptional change in H. dujardini but limited regulation in R. varieornatus. We identified few horizontally transferred genes, but some of these were shown to be involved in entry into anhydrobiosis. Whole-genome molecular phylogenies supported a Tardigrada+Nematoda relationship over Tardigrada+Arthropoda, but rare genomic changes tended to support Tardigrada+Arthropoda.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Yoshida
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka, Yamagata, Japan
- Systems Biology Program, Graduate School of Media and Governance, Keio University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Georgios Koutsovoulos
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Dominik R. Laetsch
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- The James Hutton Institute, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Lewis Stevens
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Sujai Kumar
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Daiki D. Horikawa
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka, Yamagata, Japan
- Systems Biology Program, Graduate School of Media and Governance, Keio University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kyoko Ishino
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Shiori Komine
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Takekazu Kunieda
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaru Tomita
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka, Yamagata, Japan
- Systems Biology Program, Graduate School of Media and Governance, Keio University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Mark Blaxter
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Kazuharu Arakawa
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka, Yamagata, Japan
- Systems Biology Program, Graduate School of Media and Governance, Keio University, Kanagawa, Japan
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41
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Thorat L, Oulkar D, Banerjee K, Gaikwad SM, Nath BB. High-throughput mass spectrometry analysis revealed a role for glucosamine in potentiating recovery following desiccation stress in Chironomus. Sci Rep 2017; 7:3659. [PMID: 28623254 PMCID: PMC5473918 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-03572-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Desiccation tolerance is an essential survival trait, especially in tropical aquatic organisms that are vulnerable to severe challenges posed by hydroperiodicity patterns in their habitats, characterized by dehydration-rehydration cycles. Here, we report a novel role for glucosamine as a desiccation stress-responsive metabolite in the underexplored tropical aquatic midge, Chironomus ramosus. Using high- throughput liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-QToF-MS) analysis, biochemical assays and gene expression studies, we confirmed that glucosamine was essential during the recovery phase in C. ramosus larvae. Additionally, we demonstrated that trehalose, a known stress-protectant was crucial during desiccation but did not offer any advantage to the larvae during recovery. Based on our findings, we emphasise on the collaborative interplay of glucosamine and trehalose in conferring overall resilience to desiccation stress and propose the involvement of the trehalose-chitin metabolic interface in insects as one of the stress-management strategies to potentiate recovery post desiccation through recruitment of glucosamine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leena Thorat
- Stress Biology Research Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, 411007, India
- Department of Biotechnology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, 411007, India
| | - Dasharath Oulkar
- National Referral Laboratory, National Research Centre for Grapes, Pune, 412307, India
| | - Kaushik Banerjee
- National Referral Laboratory, National Research Centre for Grapes, Pune, 412307, India
| | - Sushama M Gaikwad
- Division of Biochemical Sciences, National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, 411008, India
| | - Bimalendu B Nath
- Stress Biology Research Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, 411007, India.
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42
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Yasugi T, Yamada T, Nishimura T. Adaptation to dietary conditions by trehalose metabolism in Drosophila. Sci Rep 2017; 7:1619. [PMID: 28487555 PMCID: PMC5431645 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-01754-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Trehalose is a non-reducing disaccharide that serves as the main sugar component of haemolymph in insects. Trehalose hydrolysis enzyme, called trehalase, is highly conserved from bacteria to humans. However, our understanding of the physiological role of trehalase remains incomplete. Here, we analyze the phenotypes of several Trehalase (Treh) loss-of-function alleles in a comparative manner in Drosophila. The previously reported mutant phenotype of Treh affecting neuroepithelial stem cell maintenance and differentiation in the optic lobe is caused by second-site alleles in addition to Treh. We further report that the survival rate of Treh null mutants is significantly influenced by dietary conditions. Treh mutant larvae are lethal not only on a low-sugar diet but also under low-protein diet conditions. A reduction in adaptation ability under poor food conditions in Treh mutants is mainly caused by the overaccumulation of trehalose rather than the loss of Treh, because the additional loss of Tps1 mitigates the lethal effect of Treh mutants. These results demonstrate that proper trehalose metabolism plays a critical role in adaptation under various environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuo Yasugi
- Laboratory for Growth Control Signaling, RIKEN Center for Developmental Biology (CDB), 2-2-3 Minatojima-Minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0047, Japan.,Mathematical Neuroscience Unit, Institute for Frontier Science Initiative, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takaramachi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-8640, Japan
| | - Takayuki Yamada
- Laboratory for Growth Control Signaling, RIKEN Center for Developmental Biology (CDB), 2-2-3 Minatojima-Minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0047, Japan
| | - Takashi Nishimura
- Laboratory for Growth Control Signaling, RIKEN Center for Developmental Biology (CDB), 2-2-3 Minatojima-Minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0047, Japan.
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43
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Shadrin NV, Anufriieva EV, Belyakov VP, Bazhora AI. Chironomidae larvae in hypersaline waters of the Crimea: diversity, distribution, abundance and production. EUROPEAN ZOOLOGICAL JOURNAL 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/11250003.2016.1273974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- N. V. Shadrin
- Kovalevsky Institute of Marine Biological Research, Russian Academy of Sciences, Sevastopol, Russia
| | - E. V. Anufriieva
- Kovalevsky Institute of Marine Biological Research, Russian Academy of Sciences, Sevastopol, Russia
| | - V. P. Belyakov
- Institute of Limnology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St.-Petersburg, Russia
| | - A. I. Bazhora
- Institute of Limnology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St.-Petersburg, Russia
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44
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Ryabova A, Mukae K, Cherkasov A, Cornette R, Shagimardanova E, Sakashita T, Okuda T, Kikawada T, Gusev O. Genetic background of enhanced radioresistance in an anhydrobiotic insect: transcriptional response to ionizing radiations and desiccation. Extremophiles 2016; 21:109-120. [PMID: 27807620 DOI: 10.1007/s00792-016-0888-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
It is assumed that resistance to ionizing radiation, as well as cross-resistance to other abiotic stresses, is a side effect of the evolutionary-based adaptation of anhydrobiotic animals to dehydration stress. Larvae of Polypedilum vanderplanki can withstand prolonged desiccation as well as high doses of ionizing radiation exposure. For a further understanding of the mechanisms of cross-tolerance to both types of stress exposure, we profiled genome-wide mRNA expression patterns using microarray techniques on the chironomid larvae collected at different stages of desiccation and after exposure to two types of ionizing radiation-70 Gy of high-linear energy transfer (LET) ions (4He) and the same dose of low-LET radiation (gamma rays). In expression profiles, a wide transcriptional response to desiccation stress that much exceeded the amount of up-regulated transcripts to irradiation exposure was observed. An extensive group of coincidently up-regulated overlapped transcripts in response to desiccation and ionizing radiation was found. Among this, overlapped set of transcripts was indicated anhydrobiosis-related genes: antioxidants, late embryogenesis abundant (LEA) proteins, and heat-shock proteins. The most overexpressed group was that of protein-L-isoaspartate/D-aspartate O-methyltransferase (PIMT), while probes, corresponding to LEA proteins, were the most represented. Performed functional analysis showed strongly enriched gene ontology terms associated with protein methylation. In addition, active processes of DNA repair were detected. We assume that the cross-tolerance of the sleeping chironomid to both desiccation and irradiation exposure comes from a complex mechanism of adaptation to anhydrobiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina Ryabova
- Institute of Fundamental Biology and Medicine, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Kyosuke Mukae
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Saitama, Japan.,Anhydrobiosis Research Group, Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, NARO, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Alexander Cherkasov
- Institute of Fundamental Biology and Medicine, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Richard Cornette
- Anhydrobiosis Research Group, Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, NARO, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Elena Shagimardanova
- Institute of Fundamental Biology and Medicine, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Tetsuya Sakashita
- Takasaki Advanced Radiation Research Institute, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Takasaki, Japan
| | - Takashi Okuda
- Anhydrobiosis Research Group, Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, NARO, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Takahiro Kikawada
- Anhydrobiosis Research Group, Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, NARO, Tsukuba, Japan. .,Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan.
| | - Oleg Gusev
- Institute of Fundamental Biology and Medicine, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia. .,Anhydrobiosis Research Group, Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, NARO, Tsukuba, Japan. .,Center for Life Science Technologies, RIKEN, Yokohama, Japan. .,RIKEN Innovation Center, RIKEN, Yokohama, Japan.
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Nesmelov AA, Devatiyarov RM, Voronina TA, Kondratyeva SA, Cherkasov AV, Cornette R, Kikawada T, Shagimardanova EI. New Antioxidant Genes from an Anhydrobiotic Insect: Unique Structural Features in Functional Motifs of Thioredoxins. BIONANOSCIENCE 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s12668-016-0278-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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46
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Ryabova A, Cherkasov A, Yamaguchi R, Cornette R, Kikawada T, Gusev O. LEA4 Protein Is Likely to Be Involved in Direct Protection of DNA Against External Damage. BIONANOSCIENCE 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s12668-016-0275-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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47
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Molecular characterization of Tps1 and Treh genes in Drosophila and their role in body water homeostasis. Sci Rep 2016; 6:30582. [PMID: 27469628 PMCID: PMC4965777 DOI: 10.1038/srep30582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In insects, trehalose serves as the main sugar component of haemolymph. Trehalose is also recognized as a mediator of desiccation survival due to its proposed ability to stabilize membranes and proteins. Although the physiological role of trehalose in insects has been documented for decades, genetic evidence to support the importance of trehalose metabolism remains incomplete. We here show on the basis of genetic and biochemical evidence that the trehalose synthesis enzyme Tps1 is solely responsible for the de novo synthesis of trehalose in Drosophila. Conversely, a lack of the gene for the trehalose hydrolyzing enzyme Treh causes an accumulation of trehalose that is lethal during the pupal period, as is observed with Tps1 mutants. Lack of either Tps1 or Treh results in a significant reduction in circulating glucose, suggesting that the maintenance of glucose levels requires a continuous turnover of trehalose. Furthermore, changes in trehalose levels are positively correlated with the haemolymph water volume. In addition, both Tps1 and Treh mutant larvae exhibit a high lethality after desiccation stress. These results demonstrate that the regulation of trehalose metabolism is essential for normal development, body water homeostasis, and desiccation tolerance in Drosophila.
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48
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Sun M, Jiang M, Cui J, Liu W, Yin L, Xu C, Wei Q, Yan X, Chen F. A novel approach for the cryodesiccated preservation of tissue-engineered skin substitutes with trehalose. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2016; 60:60-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2015.10.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Revised: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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49
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Deviatiiarov R, Kikawada T, Gusev O. The complete mitochondrial genome of an anhydrobiotic midge Polypedilum vanderplanki (Chironomidae, Diptera). Mitochondrial DNA A DNA Mapp Seq Anal 2015; 28:218-220. [PMID: 26711887 DOI: 10.3109/19401736.2015.1115849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
In this work, we describe a complete mitochondrial genome of chironomid Polypedilum vanderplanki. In spite of unique ecology of this species, the larvae are able to survive years of complete desiccation; the circular mitochondrial genome keeps basic structure and consists of 13 protein-coding genes, 2 rRNA, and 22 tRNA genes, and has a total length of 16 060 bp. Low GC level, small regulatory region, and unusually high number and length of non-coding spacers are the main determined features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruslan Deviatiiarov
- a Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University , Kazan , Russia.,b Division of Genomic Technologies , RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies , Yokohama , Kanagawa , Japan
| | - Takahiro Kikawada
- c National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences (NIAS) , Tsukuba , Japan
| | - Oleg Gusev
- a Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University , Kazan , Russia.,b Division of Genomic Technologies , RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies , Yokohama , Kanagawa , Japan.,d Preventive Medicine & Diagnosis Innovation Program , RIKEN Center of Life Science Technologies , Yokohama , Kanagawa , Japan
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50
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Goto SG, Lee RE, Denlinger DL. Aquaporins in the antarctic midge, an extremophile that relies on dehydration for cold survival. THE BIOLOGICAL BULLETIN 2015; 229:47-57. [PMID: 26338869 DOI: 10.1086/bblv229n1p47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The terrestrial midge Belgica antarctica relies extensively on dehydration to survive the low temperatures and desiccation stress that prevail in its Antarctic habitat. The loss of body water is thus a critical adaptive mechanism employed at the onset of winter to prevent injury from internal ice formation; a rapid mechanism for rehydration is equally essential when summer returns and the larva resumes the brief active phase of its life. This important role for water movement suggests a critical role for aquaporins (AQPs). Recent completion of the genome project on this species revealed the presence of AQPs in B. antarctica representing the DRIP, PRIP, BIB, RPIP, and LHIP families. Treatment with mercuric chloride to block AQPs also blocks water loss, thereby decreasing cell survival at low temperatures. Antibodies directed against mammalian or Drosophila AQPs suggest a wide tissue distribution of AQPs in the midge and changes in protein abundance in response to dehydration, rehydration, and freezing. Thus far, functional studies have been completed only for PRIP1. It appears to be a water-specific AQP, but expression levels are not altered by dehydration or rehydration. Functional assays remain to be completed for the additional AQPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin G Goto
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan;
| | - Richard E Lee
- Department of Biology, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio; and
| | - David L Denlinger
- Departments of Entomology and Evolution, Ecology and Organismal Biology, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
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