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Moncayo-Rizzo J, Alvarado-Villa G, Cherrez-Ojeda I, Gallardo JC, Velez Leon E, Gonzalez Eras SP. Unveiling motives for dentistry studies: psychometric validation of a comprehensive questionnaire among aspiring dental students. BDJ Open 2024; 10:27. [PMID: 38548719 PMCID: PMC10979002 DOI: 10.1038/s41405-024-00208-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to develop and validate a questionnaire for dental students in Ecuador to assess their reasons to study dentistry. MATERIALS AND METHODS A 25-item questionnaire was developed by the authors based on similar studies and a qualitative study. The questionnaire had five theoretical factors: economic, professional, vocational, social and academic reasons for study. In the first two samples, exploratory factor analysis was performed to identify the structure, and the models obtained were compared with confirmatory factor analysis in the third sample. RESULTS Three samples were used, sample A with 201 participants, sample B with 623 participants, and sample C with 596 participants. Two-thirds of the participants were female and almost one-third were from coast region. The EFA applied in sample A resulted in a five-factor model with 18 items; in contrast, a three-factor model was obtained from sample B. According to the CFA in sample C, the best model was explained by three factors: labor, vocational and academic reasons. Considering two items to cross-load in labor and vocational factors, which are theoretically justified. CONCLUSION This study presents a 12-item questionnaire that assesses labor, vocational and academic reasons for studying dentistry in an Ecuadorian population.
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Tran H, Ahmed F, Yousuf M, Chan G, Mariño R, Wylie M, Paolini R, Canfora F, McCullough M, Celentano A. Sociodemographic profiles and career motivations of Australian dental students. J Oral Sci 2024; 66:1-4. [PMID: 38148029 DOI: 10.2334/josnusd.23-0210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Prior studies explored factors influencing dental study choice, but shifts from BDSc to DDS degrees in some countries impact demographics and motivations, potentially affecting the dental workforce. The aim of this study was to establish Australian DDS and BOH students' sociodemographics and career motivations. METHODS Questionnaires conducted in mid-2019 assessed sociodemographic profiles and career motivations. Statistical analysis utilized descriptive statistics and Fisher's exact test. RESULTS The overall response rate was 71.3%. DDS students had an average age of 25.2 years, while BOH students averaged 21.5 years. Most BOH (80.7%) and DDS students (52.0%) were female. They were mainly single, local, Australian citizens from metropolitan areas. Self-motivation ranked highest, particularly for DDS students (P < 0.05). Significant motivators included healthcare occupation, helping others, interesting career, and flexible hours (P < 0.05). DDS students were more motivated by flexible hours and independence (P < 0.05), while females emphasized a healthcare profession (P = 0.003). International students were motivated by being their own boss (P = 0.003), and private school graduates valued lifestyle within the profession (P = 0.049). CONCLUSION Despite sociodemographic changes, the main motivations for studying dentistry remain consistent. DDS students prioritized lifestyle factors such as time and remuneration over BOH students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Tran
- Melbourne Dental School, The University of Melbourne
| | - Fariha Ahmed
- Melbourne Dental School, The University of Melbourne
| | - Maryam Yousuf
- Melbourne Dental School, The University of Melbourne
| | - Guun Chan
- Melbourne Dental School, The University of Melbourne
| | | | - Michael Wylie
- Melbourne Dental School, The University of Melbourne
| | - Rita Paolini
- Melbourne Dental School, The University of Melbourne
| | - Federica Canfora
- Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry, University of Naples Federico II
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Takahashi Y, Iguchi A, Motoi S, Susuga M, Hasegawa Y. Dental hygiene and dental students' motivations for future work: a cross-sectional study of first-year students at a dental hygiene school and a dental school in Japan. BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION 2023; 23:875. [PMID: 37974156 PMCID: PMC10655420 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-023-04864-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is important to understand the career motivations and perceptions of students who intend to become dental health professionals. Both dental and dental hygiene students may have different opinions about the profession and future work prospects. To our knowledge, no study has compared the career motivations and career perceptions of Japanese dental and dental hygiene students after admission to dental or dental hygiene school. This cross-sectional study examined the motivations of dental and dental hygiene students for their future career perceptions. METHODS: First-year students of dental and dental hygiene schools in the academic years 2021 and 2022 participated in the study. Group 1 comprised 104 female dental hygiene students, Group 2-1 comprised 55 female dental students, and Group 2-2 comprised 61 male dental students. A self-administered questionnaire survey was conducted on opinions of the work and prospects of future work with four-point Likert scales ranging from "strongly agree" to "strongly disagree," according to the items. RESULTS Dental hygiene students consider that they would like to work as professionals and would also like to earn efficiently. Specifically, female dental students prioritized contributing to society by working long-term in a fulfilling environment rather than earning an income, whereas male dental students would like to work as a professional while also effectively earning income. CONCLUSIONS Small but significant differences were found in opinions of the dental hygienist/dentist profession in terms of attractiveness and credibility. Small but significant differences were found for income and working hours when considering future job prospects. The results of this study revealed differences in the first year students between dental and dental hygiene school in their attitudes toward career motivation and prospects for future work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuyuki Takahashi
- Dental Anesthesia and General Health Management, The Nippon Dental University Niigata Hospital, 1-8 Hamaura-cho, Chuo-ku, Niigata, 951-8580, Japan
| | - Asami Iguchi
- Department of Dental Anesthesiology, School of Life Dentistry at Niigata, The Nippon Dental University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Shiho Motoi
- Department of Dental Hygiene, The Nippon Dental University College at Niigata, Niigata, Japan
| | - Mio Susuga
- Department of Dental Hygiene, The Nippon Dental University College at Niigata, Niigata, Japan
| | - Yuh Hasegawa
- Department of Dental Hygiene, The Nippon Dental University College at Niigata, Niigata, Japan.
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Fleming E, Neville P, Muirhead VE. Are there more women in the dentist workforce? Using an intersectionality lens to explore the feminization of the dentist workforce in the
UK
and
US. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2022; 51:365-372. [DOI: 10.1111/cdoe.12796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eleanor Fleming
- University of Maryland School of Dentistry Baltimore Maryland USA
| | - Patricia Neville
- Bristol Dental School, Faculty of Health Sciences University of Bristol Bristol UK
| | - Vanessa Elaine Muirhead
- Institute of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry Queen Mary University of London London UK
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Daud A, Matoug-Elwerfelli M, Du X, Ali K. A qualitative enquiry into dental students' perceptions of dentistry as a career choice in the State of Qatar. BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION 2022; 22:452. [PMID: 35690749 PMCID: PMC9188034 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-022-03522-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Career choice is a complex, multifaceted process affecting all aspects of life. Motivational factors of aspiring dentists are crucial to inform institutions and aid with the admission process. The aim of this study was to explore undergraduate dental students' perceived motivation for their career choice in the first dental institution in the State of Qatar to bridge the gap in knowledge in this area. METHODS Homogeneous purposive sampling technique was employed to collect data from all year 2 and year 3 undergraduate dental students to gain a deeper insight into their motivation of career choice. An explorative qualitative method using face-to-face focus group sessions were utilized. All focus groups were conducted in English and contained a moderator and observer. A topic guide was used to ensure data collection standardization. Participants' views were recorded and filed notes obtained. Data was transcribed and analysis performed utilizing an inductive thematic approach. RESULTS A total of 34 students (89.5%) from year 2 and 3 participated in the focus groups. Data analysis revealed six main themes emerging from this study namely; altruism and patient care, family influence factors, childhood aspirations, hands-on practical skills, professional and social status, and the opportunity to reconsider and transfer. Based on frequency, altruism, opportunities to learn hands-on practical skills and professional status appeared to be the main drivers influencing students' choice of dentistry as a professional career. CONCLUSION This qualitative study presents the first national study providing insightful information regarding current undergraduate dental students' decision process in relation to their profession selection, and shows that opportunities to provide patient care seems to be the key to motivation. There was also a strong inclination towards performing hands-on practical tasks as a dentist, and developing a professional status. Interestingly, financial reward did not feature as a motivational factor in this study. The study highlights the influence of socio-cultural and economic factors on choosing dentistry as a career. This data could help dental institutions better understand future applicant's motivations to join dentistry and assist with the academic recruitment/admission process and targeting students with a potential to excel in the profession.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaa Daud
- College of Dental Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Xiangyun Du
- Aalborg UNESCO Center for Problem-Based Learning, Department of Planning, Aalborg University, Rendsburggade 14, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Kamran Ali
- College of Dental Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
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Sezer B, Kolay D, Şen Yavuz B, Güneyligil Kazaz T, Kargül B. Motivations, attitudes for choosing dental profession and preferred dental specialties amongst Turkish dental students. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF DENTAL EDUCATION : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE ASSOCIATION FOR DENTAL EDUCATION IN EUROPE 2022; 26:422-433. [PMID: 34936162 DOI: 10.1111/eje.12749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
AIM The aim of the study was to investigate the influential factors for choosing dentistry, their thoughts about the profession, their expectations for the future and their thoughts about the specialisation of dental students from all grades in the School of Dentistry, Marmara University. MATERIALS AND METHODS Socio-demographic information, influential factors the choice of profession, thoughts and expectations about dentistry, and thoughts about the specialisation were evaluated in the questionnaire that included different question types in four separate sections. Chi-square test was used to assess the relationship between categorical variables, and multiple linear regression was performed to examine the combined effects of variables that influence the always dream of becoming a dentist. RESULTS 462 of the 471 participants from all grades who agreed to participate in the study completed the questionnaire with a response rate of 98.1%. It was seen that the students' clinical experience made differences in almost half of their motivational sources for choosing dentistry and their views on future opinions and expectations (p < .05). In addition to clinical experience, gender also made a statistically significant differences in almost all answers in the students' opinions about specialisation (p < .05). CONCLUSION From the results of the study, the majority of Turkish dental students were self-motivated compared to familial and environmental factors for choosing dentistry as a career. The career motivations of them seemed to be associated with the socioeconomic aspects of dentistry, whereas the perceptions regarding the future of dentistry seemed to be associated with the need for postgraduate education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berkant Sezer
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale, Turkey
| | - Duygu Kolay
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Betül Şen Yavuz
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Bahçeşehir University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Betül Kargül
- Deparment of Paediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Herz MM, ElAyouti A. Motives for studying dental medicine in Germany. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF DENTAL EDUCATION : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE ASSOCIATION FOR DENTAL EDUCATION IN EUROPE 2022; 26:337-346. [PMID: 34251727 DOI: 10.1111/eje.12708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Aim of this study was to investigate the motives for studying dental medicine of pupils and students accepted for first semester. METHODS Motives of pupils from secondary schools (grades 10-12) around Tübingen and accepted students at the Dental School Tübingen were evaluated using a five-level Likert scale. Information about age, gender, family, apprenticeship and university enrolment was also included in the assessment. RESULTS A total of 402 out of 409 participants filled out the questionnaires. Of these, 390 (280 females and 110 males) could be evaluated; the mean age was 17.4 years. Sixty-one planned an apprenticeship and 64 already completed it; 93 were readily accepted at university. All participants highly rated the motives "help patients" and "good career prospects." As next, women chose "diversified activity" and men "scientific interest." Participants who planned an apprenticeship rated "help patients" significantly higher than the other participants, whilst the motive "high responsibility of the dental profession" amongst interviewees with completed apprenticeship was highly significant in comparison with the rest. CONCLUSION Empathy for patients and high responsibility of the dental profession are more important than prestige or social standing. An apprenticeship seems to greatly influence the career choice by giving more weight to "high responsibility of the dental profession." In future, such results can help universities design selection tests to target specific groups. The high proportion of female dentists and the attitude towards work and family of the generations Y and Z may bring change to the traditional practice model in Germany.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco M Herz
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Periodontology, Endodontology and Paediatric Dentistry at the Centre of Dentistry, Oral Medicine, and Maxillofacial Surgery, Eberhard-Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ashraf ElAyouti
- Endodontic Division, Department of Conservative Dentistry, Periodontology, Endodontology and Paediatric Dentistry at the Centre of Dentistry, Oral Medicine, and Maxillofacial Surgery, Eberhard-Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
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Rouhiainen V, Karaharju-Suvanto T, Waltimo-Sirén J. The impact of orthodontic treatment on choosing a career in dentistry. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF DENTAL EDUCATION : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE ASSOCIATION FOR DENTAL EDUCATION IN EUROPE 2022; 26:166-173. [PMID: 33838070 DOI: 10.1111/eje.12685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Many studies, globally, have aimed at elucidating reasons to choose a career in dentistry. The most common motives found are reasonable working hours and aspiration to help. The aim of this study was to explore whether eventual past personal experience of orthodontic treatment and particularly the interpersonal skills of the treating orthodontist are of significance in this respect. MATERIALS AND METHODS An electronic questionnaire, consisting of multiple choice and descriptive questions about dental history and experiences in dental care, was sent to dental and, as controls, psychology students within the same Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland. The answers between the two groups were compared and differences tested statistically. RESULTS The questionnaire was answered by 143 (46.0%) dental students and 94 (17.6%) psychology students. Dental students, compared to psychology students, had more positive views of their dentition and dental treatment in general (p = 0.000). Amongst participants, 47.9% of dental students and 57.4% of psychology students had received orthodontic treatment. Of those, dental students had perceived their orthodontic treatment as less painful (p = 0.001) and less uncomfortable (p = 0.000) than psychology students. Moreover, dental students reported more often experiences of orthodontist taking into account their situation in life during treatment (p = 0.011) and gave more positive descriptions of the orthodontist's interpersonal skills (p = 0.031). CONCLUSIONS Dental students, compared to psychology students, had statistically significantly more positive personal experiences related to dentistry and orthodontics, supporting our hypothesis that positive experiences with orthodontic treatment likely increase the probability of choosing dentistry as the future career.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vilma Rouhiainen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Terhi Karaharju-Suvanto
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Janna Waltimo-Sirén
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- City of Turku, Division of Welfare, Turku, Finland
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Harrison JL, Platia CL, Ferreira L, Soh M, Bugueño JM, Thompson TL, Quock RL, Finkelman M, Uzel NG. Factors affecting dental students' postgraduate plans: A multi-site study. J Dent Educ 2021; 86:124-135. [PMID: 34554565 DOI: 10.1002/jdd.12792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This multi-site study examined dental students' postgraduate plans and factors affecting them, perceptions of pathways with the best future, and whether those postgraduate plans changed during dental school. METHODS An online survey was made available to all four dental classes (2018, 2019, 2020, and 2021) and advanced standing/international dental students at eight US dental schools. The survey questionnaire consisted of two parts: (1) 14 questions pertaining to demographic information and (2) 11 questions pertaining to career path choices and possible influencing factors. RESULTS Overall response rate was approximately 38.4% (1459/3800). For those responding 34.0% planned to enroll in a general dentistry residency, followed by associate dentist in a private practice (31.4%), and specialty residency (17.6%). Quality of life, to increase knowledge/clinical skills, and intellectual satisfaction were most often rated extremely important factors; Influence of family members in dentistry and prestigious specialty received the most responses of not important. General dentistry was perceived to have the best future in terms of overall impact on the profession, potential for positive impact on patient's quality of life, and personal quality of life; oral and maxillofacial surgery was believed to have the best future in terms of salary. Students changed their postgraduate plan during dental school 43.0% of the time, with race (p = 0.006) and year of progress toward degree (p < 0.001) being significant associations. CONCLUSIONS General dentistry remains the most popular pathway. Many dental students change their plans during dental school; a better understanding of these trends and contributing factors may aid development of practice readiness curricula.
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Affiliation(s)
- James L Harrison
- Department of Comprehensive Dentistry, University of Louisville School of Dentistry, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Christina L Platia
- Department of General Dentistry, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Leticia Ferreira
- Department of Diagnostic Sciences, University of the Pacific, Arthur A. Dugoni School of Dentistry, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Margaret Soh
- Department of General Dentistry, Loma Linda University School of Dentistry, Loma Linda, California, USA
| | - Juan M Bugueño
- Department of Diagnostic Sciences, West Virginia University School of Dentistry, West Virginia University - Health Sciences Campus, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Tammy L Thompson
- Department of Pediatric and Community Dentistry, University of Buffalo School of Dental Medicine, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Ryan L Quock
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Prosthodontics, University of Texas School of Dentistry at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Matthew Finkelman
- Division of Biostatistics and Experimental Design, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Naciye G Uzel
- Department of Periodontology, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Kaersgaard JLB, Christensen MK, Søndergaard PY, Naukkarinen J. Gender differences in dentistry: A qualitative study on students' intrinsic and extrinsic motivations for entering dentistry at higher education. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF DENTAL EDUCATION : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE ASSOCIATION FOR DENTAL EDUCATION IN EUROPE 2021; 25:495-505. [PMID: 33188531 DOI: 10.1111/eje.12625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Having a balanced gender distribution is thought to ensure the diversity of knowledge and know-how and take better into account the different needs in society. The aim of the study is to explore and understand possible gender differences in (a) the students' motivational spectrum to choose a dental education and (b) their prospect of a professional career in dentistry. METHODS We conducted in-depth interviews with male and female dental students (n = 14) followed by a theoretical reading based on Self-Determination Theory to explore the students' intrinsic and extrinsic motivations for entering dentistry in Denmark. RESULTS Regardless gender, the dental students are motivated by role models, people orientation and strong interest in health sciences, but prefer dentistry to medicine, because of the responsibilities and working conditions. They were also motivated by the dental school's combination of theory and practice in students' learning of craftsmanship. Moreover, students valued the prospect of job security and a good work-life balance. However, there were markedly gender differences in motivation in relation to financial incentives as well as working life and career as a dentist, as it seemed that dental students needed gendered relatedness in relation to specialisation and employment in public versus private sector. CONCLUSION The motivational spectrum varies widely, regardless of gender. In line with the standpoint feminist theory, a balanced gender distribution in dental education helps to meet the different needs in society and labour market. Consequently, a gender-sensitive recruitment strategy reflecting the gender differences in identities, knowledge and interests will be needed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Johanna Naukkarinen
- School of Energy Systems, Lappeenranta-Lahti University of Technology, Lappeenranta, Finland
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Marti KC, Tishko G, Edwards SP, Inglehart MR. Dental students' OMFS-related experiences and interest in OMFS careers: An exploration. J Dent Educ 2020; 85:569-581. [PMID: 33368261 DOI: 10.1002/jdd.12511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE While the numbers of oral maxillofacial surgery (OMFS) residents increased over time, women and residents from underrepresented minority backgrounds are still underrepresented. The objectives were to assess dental students' OMFS-related personal and educational experiences and attitudes and explore which factors correlate with their interest in future OMFS careers. METHODS Data were collected from 493 dental students in 1 dental school and 206 students from 15 other US and Canadian dental schools. RESULTS The students in the national sample were more likely to have experienced an OMFS procedure themselves (64.6% vs. 50.7%; P = 0.001), have shadowed an OMFS in an operating room (23.2% vs. 14.9%; P = 0.009) prior to coming to dental school and to be much/very much interested in an OMFS career (36.4% vs. 12%; P < 0.001) than the students at the home school. While the majority of both groups rated their experiences with rotations in the OMFS department in the dental school (68% vs. 62.5%) and in the hospital (80.3% vs. 85.7%) as very interesting, the students in the national sample were more likely to agree/strongly agree that they were satisfied with their OMFS experiences (68.1% vs. 36.3%; P < 0.001) and had learned a lot from the OMFS faculty (57.9% vs. 30.8%) than the students in the home school. For both groups, the degree of interest in an OMFS career correlated with having had more personal OMFS experiences (home: r = 0.28; P < 0.001/other: r = 0.39; P < 0.001), more interesting OMFS experiences in the dental school (r = 0.23; P < 0.05/r = 0.40; P < 0.001) and the hospital (0.33; P < 0.05/r = 0.50; P < 0.001) and more positive attitudes toward OMFS faculty (r = 0.26; P < 0.001/r = 0.37; P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Positive personal and educational OMFS experiences and positive attitudes toward OMFS faculty were associated with an interest in OMFS careers. These findings provide a basis for developing educational interventions aimed at increasing the percentage of women and residents from URM backgrounds in OMFS programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyriaki C Marti
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery/HD, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Grayson Tishko
- University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Sean P Edwards
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery/HD, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Marita R Inglehart
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry & Psychology, University of Michigan, &, Department of Psychology, College of Literature, Science, and the Arts (LS&A), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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Hayes MJ, Ingram K. Australian dental practitioner perspectives on academic careers. J Dent Educ 2020; 85:341-348. [PMID: 33089520 DOI: 10.1002/jdd.12459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Revised: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Due to forecasted faculty shortages and increasing student enrollments in dental education, there is a need to attract talented clinicians into academia. To address this growing concern, we need to explore dental practitioners' perspectives on the academic career pathway, including enablers and barriers to entering the academic workforce. METHODS A mixed-methods electronic survey was disseminated through professional associations and dental groups on social media in 2018. Qualitative responses were examined using an inductive thematic analysis. RESULTS Participants (n = 85) considered an academic career highly regarded (80%) but indicated there was not a clear pathway (79%) and could not recall it being discussed during their dental studies (85%). It was perceived that experience, further study, and networks all played a significant role in forging an academic career. Perceived benefits to an academic career included professional development opportunities, good employment conditions, and making a meaningful contribution. Barriers included the geographical location of universities, losing clinical skills and the lack of a clear career pathway. CONCLUSION Despite being a highly regarded career, clinicians admit the career pathway to academia is not clear. Improving awareness of academic career paths might be achieved by educating dental students and providing accessible resources to the wider profession.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie J Hayes
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney School of Health Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kelsey Ingram
- Faculty of Health and Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
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Tenenbaum A, Moutel G, Wolikow M, Vial-Dupuy A, Azogui-Levy S. Implementation of a Medical Ethics Course in Undergraduate Dental Education and Assessment of Knowledge and Attitudes. J Int Soc Prev Community Dent 2020; 10:569-578. [PMID: 33282765 PMCID: PMC7685267 DOI: 10.4103/jispcd.jispcd_364_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives A medical ethics course was launched in 2012 in a French University Dental School. We compared knowledge and attitudes, before and after implementation of that course. The aim of this study was to compare students who received an ethics course (third year) to those who did not have such training, however, most of them did have some clinical traineeship. Materials and Methods An anonymous questionnaire was sent to the second-, third-, and sixth-year students. It comprised questions with Likert item format answers and clinical vignettes with open responses. The results were analyzed by two approaches: a statistical analysis (chi-square or Fischer exact tests) and a content analysis using a predefined grid. Results A total of 299 respondents replied (75% students) the questionnaire. The analysis showed a statistically significant association between knowledge of the law and information procedures (P < 0.0001), access to medical files (P = 0.004), and recording consent (P = 0.049). It was also significant between knowledge of the law and the principles of biomedical ethics (P < 0.0001 for autonomy and beneficence). The third-year students could state the principles of medical ethics with their percentage always greater than the sixth-year students. After the third year, the students' attitudes switched from a social to a medical emphasis, and their point of view regarding patient's autonomy evolved. Patient's refusal of care raised potential conflicts between autonomy, professional judgment, information, and consent. Conclusion Ethics teaching could offer a way to turn positive attitudes into real competencies and should be considered at an early stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annabelle Tenenbaum
- Department of Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, University Paris Diderot, Paris, France.,Education and Health Practices Laboratory (LEPS) (EA 3412), UFR SMBH, Paris 13 University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Bobigny, France
| | - Grégoire Moutel
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Health Law and Medical Ethics CHU Caen; Anticipe (Inserm 1086), University Caen Normandie, Paris, France
| | - Maryse Wolikow
- Faculty of Dentistry, Montrouge, University Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | | | - Sylvie Azogui-Levy
- Department of Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, University Paris Diderot, Paris, France.,Education and Health Practices Laboratory (LEPS) (EA 3412), UFR SMBH, Paris 13 University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Bobigny, France
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Motivations for a Career in Dentistry among Dental Students and Dental Interns in Kenya. Int J Dent 2020; 2020:1017979. [PMID: 32802057 PMCID: PMC7411455 DOI: 10.1155/2020/1017979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A number of factors have been cited as determinants for choosing a career in dentistry around the globe. The purpose of this study was to determine motivations for a career in dentistry among dental students and dental interns in Kenya. This was a cross-sectional study where 293 individuals participated by filling and returning self-administered questionnaires. The mean age of all respondents was 22.3 years. Overall, 59.5% of the respondents had selected dentistry as their preferred career at the end of high school. Majority (76.1%) of the respondents agreed that personal interest in dentistry was an important motivating factor for them. This was followed closely by a desire to help or serve people (74%), a desire for a flexible work schedule (63%), and an aspiration to be self-employed (61.8%). There was no difference between males and females regarding these as motivating factors. On the other hand, among factors that the respondents felt had the lowest influence on their choice of dentistry was parental influence, where only 22% of the respondents indicated that this was a motivating factor for them. Other potential motivating factors such as influence by friends and siblings (30.3%) as well as career talk and guidance (41.3%) were also ranked low. In general, the respondents indicated that they were motivated much more by personal and humanitarian factors, when compared to financial and societal factors.
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Tysiąc-Miśta M, Dziedzic A. The Attitudes and Professional Approaches of Dental Practitioners during the COVID-19 Outbreak in Poland: A Cross-Sectional Survey. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17134703. [PMID: 32629915 PMCID: PMC7370196 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17134703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Revised: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The coronavirus infectious disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has put enormous pressure on health care systems around the world. Dentistry has had to adjust to the new epidemic situation to not only bring relief to suffering patients but also to avoid becoming a source of SARS-CoV-2 transmission. Methods: A comprehensive, cross-sectional survey was conducted between April 6 and 16, 2020 among 875 Polish dental practitioners. The aim of the research was to assess dentists’ attitudes and professional approaches resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic. Results: 71.2% of dentists who responded to the questionnaire decided to suspend their clinical practice during that particular time. The main factors for this fact were the shortage of personal protective equipment (PPE), the respondents’ subjective perceptions of the risk of COVID-19 contraction and a general feeling of anxiety and uncertainty regarding the COVID-19 situation. The authors observed a significant decrease in the number of patients admitted weekly in April 2020 (12.06; SD, 11.55) in comparison to that in the time before the state of pandemic was declared on March 11, 2020 (49.21; SD, 24.97). Conclusions: Due to the unpreparedness of the dental sector, both in national health and private settings, most of the Polish dentists decided to voluntarily suspend their clinical practice in order to mitigate the spread of the disease. The COVID-19 outbreak has revealed numerous shortcomings in the dental care system, especially regarding the insufficient coordination of health services related to the pandemic and lack of advanced PPE. This has led to an overwhelming feeling of fear, confusion and anxiety among dental professionals in Poland and a sudden decrease in the number of performed dental procedures. Hopefully enriched with the recent experience and due to the implementation of proper strategic and long-term measures, dental practitioners will be better prepared and adapted to global health care disruptions in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Tysiąc-Miśta
- Department of Dental Prosthetics and Dental Materials, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland;
| | - Arkadiusz Dziedzic
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland
- Correspondence:
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Ghotane SG, Challacombe SJ, Gallagher JE. Fortitude and resilience in service of the population: a case study of dental professionals striving for health in Sierra Leone. BDJ Open 2019; 5:7. [PMID: 31098298 PMCID: PMC6513870 DOI: 10.1038/s41405-019-0011-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Revised: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Sierra Leone (SL), with a population of over 7 million people, has a critical health workforce shortage. This research explores the views of key players on population oral health needs and demands, the challenges of oral and dental care delivery, and professional careers in dentistry, in order to inform future capacity building. MATERIALS AND METHODS Semi-structured interviews were conducted with a purposive sample of key players in dentistry and healthcare, both in-country and externally. An interpretive phenomenological approach was used in exploring views of key-players on the oral needs and demands of population, challenges in the delivery of oral and dental care, professional careers of dental professionals in SL, and future workforce capacity building based on a topic guide drawn from the available literature. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim, anonymised and analysed using QSR NVivo 10 for data management and reported in accordance to the consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative research. RESULTS Twenty-one informants, of whom 18 were male, 17 were in-country and 16 were dental professionals, participated in the research. Dental professionals reported clear consensus on a considerable level of unmet oral health needs, most notably dental caries and periodontal disease, together with life threatening oral conditions such as osteomyelitis, Ludwig's Angina and Burkitt's Lymphoma. Challenges associated with the delivery of dental care revolved around five themes: patients' predisposition for traditional remedies and urgent care; practical hindrances to the delivery of care; professional isolation and weak governance; and place with pressing local crises and lack of political will. An emerging typology of dental professionals included: demonstrating loyalty to their nation and family; exhibiting resilience in challenging circumstances; embracing opportunity most notably amongst expatriates; and striving to serve the needs of the population. There was support for innovative future capacity building developments. CONCLUSION This paper provides important insights to the delivery of dental care in a low-income country with significant oral health needs and multiple challenges in the delivery of dental care, whilst also providing a vision for developing, building and retaining future human resources for oral health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swapnil G. Ghotane
- Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, King’s College London, Centre for Host Microbiome Interactions, Denmark Hill Campus, Bessemer Road, London, SE5 9RS UK
| | - Stephen J. Challacombe
- Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King’s College London, Centre for Host Microbiome Interactions, Floor 22, Guys Tower, Guys Hospital, London, SE1 9RT UK
| | - Jennifer E. Gallagher
- Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, King’s College London, Centre for Host Microbiome Interactions, Denmark Hill Campus, Bessemer Road, London, SE5 9RS UK
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Haslach SD, Aytepe Z, Kokkari A, Azrak B, Ehlers V, Herz MM, Jerg-Bretzke L, Geibel MA. Country and gender differences in the motivation of dental students-An international comparison. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF DENTAL EDUCATION : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE ASSOCIATION FOR DENTAL EDUCATION IN EUROPE 2018; 22:e724-e729. [PMID: 30076676 DOI: 10.1111/eje.12386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The objective of this study, conducted in Germany, Finland and Turkey, was to identify whether motivations to study dentistry varied by country, gender or year of study. METHODS The multicentre pilot study was conducted in English language in 2014. Participants (n = 469 dental students) were either in the first or last year of study. The response rate was 91%. RESULTS The sample comprised 63% females and 37% males, reflecting the common gender distribution in dental education. A total of 236 first year students (50.3%) and 233 final year students (49.7%) took part in the study. The participants were aged 21-25 years and of 15 different nationalities, mostly from Turkey, Germany and Finland. Considering who motivated them most to become a dentist, the most common answer was "self-motivated" (49.5%). 23.4% of the students stated having been motivated by a "family member or friend, who is a dentist," while 24.3% said they had been motivated by a "family member or friend, who is not a dentist." -Very few students (2.8%) recorded having been motivated by a "high school or college counsellor." Motivations for choosing dentistry as a career included "ability to help people," "self-employment," "income potential," "working with hands" and "status and prestige," all of which were rated as highly important. "Time management" and "career variety" were rated as moderately important. Significant statistical differences were observed by country and gender. For the German students, a dental relative was significantly more often relevant than for the Finnish and Turkish students, who were more often influenced by family members or friends not working in the dental field. "Time management" seemed to be significantly more important to female than to male students. CONCLUSION In line with a feminisation of the workforce in dentistry, a well-structured working environment and well-thought-out time management may play an increased role in future work force planning (Gender dentistry: International vergleichende Studie zu Karrierewahl und Spezialisierungswünschen von Zahnmedizinstudenten. Ulm: Universität Ulm).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra D Haslach
- Department of Dento- and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Zeynep Aytepe
- Histologic and Embryologic Sciences, Department of Periodontology, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Anne Kokkari
- Institute of Dentistry, Turku University, Turku, Finland
| | - Birgül Azrak
- Department of Conservative Dentistry & Periodontology, University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Vicky Ehlers
- Department of Conservative Dentistry & Periodontology, University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Marco M Herz
- Department of Conservative Dentistry & Periodontology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Lucia Jerg-Bretzke
- Medical Psychology Division, University Hospital of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Margrit-Ann Geibel
- Department of Dento- and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
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Shaikh MA, Inglehart MR. Dental and Dental Hygiene Students’ Career Choice Motivations in 2009-17: A Mixed Methods Approach. J Dent Educ 2018; 82:848-856. [DOI: 10.21815/jde.018.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Muneeb A. Shaikh
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Medicine; School of Dentistry, University of Michigan
| | - Marita R. Inglehart
- Department of Psychology; College of Literature, Science of Arts, University of Michigan
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Holden ACL. Reflections on the encouragement of altruism in dental education. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF DENTAL EDUCATION : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE ASSOCIATION FOR DENTAL EDUCATION IN EUROPE 2018; 22:e198-e202. [PMID: 27925368 DOI: 10.1111/eje.12247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Dental ethics and professionalism are often relegated to being taught on the coat-tails of other disciplines, if they are taught at all. The assumption that students develop professionalism as a by-product of other learned competencies in dentistry is well documented to be false, and yet, little has been done in many institutions to deal with this. This article seeks to propose that altruism should be championed in dental education and that traditional learning through the preaching of professional codes is not the appropriate way to achieve this. The environment of dental schools needs to be challenged and reformed so that altruism is promoted. If we fail to address declines in altruism in the dental profession, then damage to the professional status of dentistry is inevitable and the ability to fulfil the profession's social contract with society will be inhibited.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C L Holden
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Sydney, Surry Hills, NSW, Australia
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Buldur B, Armfield JM. Perceptions of the dental profession: a comparative analysis through scale development. Eur J Oral Sci 2017; 126:46-52. [DOI: 10.1111/eos.12397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Burak Buldur
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry; Faculty of Dentistry; Cumhuriyet University; Sivas Turkey
| | - Jason M. Armfield
- Australian Research Centre for Population Oral Health; Adelaide Dental School; University of Adelaide; Adelaide South Australia Australia
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Crutchfield PA, Jarvis JS, Olson TL, Wilson MS. Observed Altruism in Dental Students: An Experiment Using the Ultimatum Game. J Dent Educ 2017; 81:1301-1308. [DOI: 10.21815/jde.017.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Knevel RJM, Gussy MG, Farmer J, Karimi L. Nepalese dental hygiene and dental students' career choice motivation and plans after graduation: a descriptive cross-sectional comparison. BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION 2015; 15:219. [PMID: 26655045 PMCID: PMC4676855 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-015-0500-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2014] [Accepted: 12/03/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This is the first study of its kind to provide data regarding the self-reported career choice motivation and intentions after graduation of dental and dental hygiene students in Nepal. The findings of this study can be used to inform future oral health workforce planning in Nepal. METHODS A cross-sectional survey of dentistry and dental hygiene students attending a large accredited dental college in Kathmandu, Nepal. Quantitative data were analysed using IBM® SPSS® 22. The respondents were given the opportunity to provide clarifying comments to some of the questions. RESULTS Two hundred questionnaires were distributed, and 171 students completed the anonymous survey (response rate 86 %). Working in health care and serving the community were the most important initial motives for career choice, with significantly more dentistry students selecting their degree course because of the possibility to work flexible working hours (p < .001) compared to dental hygiene students. A majority of the students expressed concern about finding a suitable job (58 %) after graduation. Almost a quarter (23 %) reported intent to seek a job immediately after graduation, while 46 % plan further studies. Dentistry students were more likely to report planning further studies (p = .007) compared to the dental hygiene students. Dental hygiene students express a higher interest in going abroad (p = .011) following graduation. Only 10 % of all students plan to live or work in rural areas after study. Most common preferred locations to live after graduation are urban (33 %) or abroad (38 %). Data suggest a preference to combine working in a hospital with working in their own practice (44 %) while interest in solely working in their own practice is low (<2 %). CONCLUSION Many students, though enthusiastic about their profession and expressing the ambition to serve the community, fear unemployment or envision better chances abroad. Most of the students in this study expressed a preference to live in an urban area after graduation. Findings indicate that strong measures are required to incentivise students to consider rural work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ron J M Knevel
- La Trobe University, School of Dentistry and Oral Health, PO Box 199, Bendigo, VIC, 3552, Australia.
| | - Mark G Gussy
- La Trobe University, School of Dentistry and Oral Health, PO Box 199, Bendigo, VIC, 3552, Australia.
| | - Jane Farmer
- La Trobe University, Faculty of Health Sciences, PO Box 199, Bendigo, VIC, 3552, Australia.
| | - Leila Karimi
- La Trobe University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Bundoora, VIC, 3086, Australia.
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Musa MFC, Bernabé E, Gallagher JE. Students' motivation to study dentistry in Malaysia: an analysis using confirmatory factor analysis. HUMAN RESOURCES FOR HEALTH 2015; 13:47. [PMID: 26066801 PMCID: PMC4465319 DOI: 10.1186/s12960-015-0040-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Malaysia has experienced a significant expansion of dental schools over the past decade. Research into students' motivation may inform recruitment and retention of the future dental workforce. The objectives of this study were to explore students' motivation to study dentistry and whether that motivation varied by students' and school characteristics. METHODS All 530 final-year students in 11 dental schools (6 public and 5 private) in Malaysia were invited to participate at the end of 2013. The self-administered questionnaire, developed at King's College London, collected information on students' motivation to study dentistry and demographic background. Responses on students' motivation were collected using five-point ordinal scales. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used to evaluate the underlying structure of students' motivation to study dentistry. Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) was used to compare factor scores for overall motivation and sub-domains by students' and school characteristics. RESULTS Three hundred and fifty-six final-year students in eight schools (all public and two private) participated in the survey, representing an 83% response rate for these schools and 67% of all final-year students nationally. The majority of participants were 24 years old (47%), female (70%), Malay (56%) and from middle-income families (41%) and public schools (78%). CFA supported a model with five first-order factors (professional job, healthcare and people, academic, careers advising and family and friends) which were linked to a single second-order factor representing overall students' motivation. Academic factors and healthcare and people had the highest standardized factor loadings (0.90 and 0.71, respectively), suggesting they were the main motivation to study dentistry. MANOVA showed that students from private schools had higher scores for healthcare and people than those in public schools whereas Malay students had lower scores for family and friends than those from minority ethnic groups. No differences were found by age, sex, family income and school type. CONCLUSION Using CFA, this study shows that academic factors were the main motivation to study dentistry in this group of Malaysian students. There were also variations in students' motivation by students' ethnicity and school sector but not by other factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhd Firdaus Che Musa
- Division of Population and Patient Health, King's College London Dental Institute at Guy's, King's College and St Thomas' Hospitals, Denmark Hill Campus, Bessemer Road, London, SE5 9RS, UK.
| | - Eduardo Bernabé
- Division of Population and Patient Health, King's College London Dental Institute at Guy's, King's College and St Thomas' Hospitals, Denmark Hill Campus, Bessemer Road, London, SE5 9RS, UK.
| | - Jennifer E Gallagher
- Division of Population and Patient Health, King's College London Dental Institute at Guy's, King's College and St Thomas' Hospitals, Denmark Hill Campus, Bessemer Road, London, SE5 9RS, UK.
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