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Weber JK, Brown KR, Retzlaff BJ, Hurd AM, Anderson HJ, Smallwood K. Retrospective consecutive controlled case series of outcomes for functional analyses of severe destructive behavior. J Appl Behav Anal 2024. [PMID: 38619210 DOI: 10.1002/jaba.1077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Functional analysis methods allow clinicians to determine the variable(s) that maintain destructive behavior. Previous reviews of functional analysis outcomes have included large samples of published and unpublished data sets (i.e., clinical samples). The purpose of this review was to conduct a large retrospective consecutive controlled case series of clinical functional analyses. We sought to identify the prevalence of differentiation, procedural modifications for undifferentiated and differentiated cases, and identified function(s) of destructive behavior. In addition, we extended the existing literature by determining whether functional analysis differentiation and function varied when single or multiple behavior topographies were consequated in the functional analysis. We discuss our findings considering previously published functional analysis reviews, provide avenues for future research, and offer suggestions for clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessie K Weber
- University of Nebraska Medical Center's Munroe-Meyer Institute, Omaha, NE, USA
| | | | | | - Alyssa M Hurd
- Psychology Department, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA
| | - Heather J Anderson
- University of Nebraska Medical Center's Munroe-Meyer Institute, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Kendra Smallwood
- University of Nebraska-Kearney, Communication Disorder Studies, Kearney, NE, USA
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2
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Melanson IJ, Fahmie TA. Functional analysis of problem behavior: A 40-year review. J Appl Behav Anal 2023; 56:262-281. [PMID: 36892835 DOI: 10.1002/jaba.983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023]
Abstract
Extensive reviews of functional analysis literature were conducted 10 (Beavers et al., 2013) and 20 (Hanley et al., 2003) years ago; we expanded this review to capture the vast and innovative functional analysis research that has occurred over the past decade. Our review produced 1,333 functional analysis outcomes from 326 studies on the functional analysis of problem behavior between June 2012 and May 2022. Some characteristics of functional analysis studies were similar across the current and previous two reviews (e.g., child participants, developmental disability diagnosis, use of line graphs depicting session means, differentiated response outcomes). Other characteristics deviated from the previous two reviews (e.g., increase in autistic representation, outpatient settings, use of supplementary assessments, the inclusion of tangible conditions, and multiple function outcomes; decrease in session durations). We update previously reported participant and methodological characteristics, summarize outcomes, comment on recent trends, and propose future directions in the functional analysis literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac J Melanson
- University of Nebraska Medical Center's Munroe-Meyer Institute, Severe Behavior Department, Omaha, United States
| | - Tara A Fahmie
- University of Nebraska Medical Center's Munroe-Meyer Institute, Severe Behavior Department, Omaha, United States
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Gossou KM, Lanovaz MJ, Giannakakos‐Ferman AR. Concurrent validity of Open‐Ended Functional Assessment Interviews with functional analysis. BEHAVIORAL INTERVENTIONS 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/bin.1857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Marc J. Lanovaz
- École de psychoéducation Université de Montréal Montréal QC Canada
- Centre de recherche de l’Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Montréal Montréal QC Canada
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Jessel J, Rosenthal D, Hanley GP, Rymill L, Boucher MB, Howard M, Perrin J, Lemos FM. On the Occurrence of Dangerous Problem Behavior during Functional Analysis: An Evaluation of 30 Applications. Behav Modif 2021; 46:834-862. [PMID: 33890495 DOI: 10.1177/01454455211010698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Functional analyses are often conducted by behavior analysts to understand the environmental variables contributing to an individual's problem behavior to better inform treatment implementation. While functional analyses are integral for designing function-based interventions, they often arrange contingencies to evoke and reinforce dangerous problem behavior. In Study 1 we reviewed 22 functional analyses with open-contingency classes including non-dangerous topographies of problem behavior and we found that participants were more likely to exhibit the non-dangerous behavior in 82% of the applications. We then conducted a single-subject comparison of closed and open-contingency classes with four additional participants in Study 2. Our results suggest that the functional analyses with the open-contingency class reduced the likelihood of observing dangerous problem behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Jessel
- Queens College of the City University of New York, NY, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Jesse Perrin
- Pathways Strategic Teaching Center, Warwick, RI, USA
| | - Felipe M Lemos
- Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), Sao Carlos, Brazil
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Coffey AL, Shawler LA, Jessel J, Bain T, Nye M, Dorsey MF. Generality of the practical functional assessment and skill‐based treatment among individuals with autism and mental health disorders. BEHAVIORAL INTERVENTIONS 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/bin.1755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda L. Coffey
- School of Education Endicott College Beverly Massachusetts USA
- Behavior Network McKinney Texas USA
| | - Lesley A. Shawler
- School of Education Endicott College Beverly Massachusetts USA
- Behavior Network McKinney Texas USA
| | - Joshua Jessel
- Department of Psychology Division of Mathematics and the Natural Sciences Queens College Queens New York USA
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Abstract
Literature reviews allow professionals to identify effective interventions and assess developments in research and practice. As in other forms of scientific inquiry, the transparency of literature searches enhances the credibility of findings, particularly in regards to intervention research. The current review evaluated the characteristics of search methods employed in literature reviews appearing in publications concerning behavior analysis (n = 28) from 1997 to 2017. Specific aims included determining the frequency of narrative, systematic, and meta-analytic reviews over time; examining the publication of reviews in specific journals; and evaluating author reports of literature search and selection procedures. Narrative reviews (51.30%; n = 630) represented the majority of the total sample (n = 1,228), followed by systematic (31.51%; n = 387) and meta-analytic (17.18%; n = 211) reviews. In contrast to trends in related fields (e.g., special education), narrative reviews continued to represent a large portion of published reviews each year. The evaluated reviews exhibited multiple strengths; nonetheless, issues involving the reporting and execution of searches may limit the validity and replicability of literature reviews. A discussion of implications for research follows an overview of findings.
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Saini V, Cox A. Functional Behavior Assessment Practices Used by Canadian Behavioral Health Practitioners. JOURNAL OF POLICY AND PRACTICE IN INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/jppi.12327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Valdeep Saini
- Department of Applied Disability StudiesBrock University St. Catharines ON Canada
| | - Alison Cox
- Department of Applied Disability StudiesBrock University St. Catharines ON Canada
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Heath H, Smith RG. Precursor behavior and functional analysis: A brief review. J Appl Behav Anal 2019; 52:804-810. [PMID: 31049979 DOI: 10.1002/jaba.571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Rooker GW, Hausman NL, Fisher AB, Gregory MK, Lawell JL, Hagopian LP. Classification of injuries observed in functional classes of self-injurious behaviour. JOURNAL OF INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY RESEARCH : JIDR 2018; 62:1086-1096. [PMID: 30043452 PMCID: PMC7273834 DOI: 10.1111/jir.12535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Revised: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Limited research has examined how the functions of self-injurious behaviour (SIB) relate to the production of injuries and the location, type or severity of those injuries. METHODS Clinical and medical records were coded for 64 individuals hospitalised for SIB. When injuries were present, the physical properties of SIB and injuries were assessed across groups of individuals with automatically and socially maintained SIB. RESULTS Injuries were observed for 35 of the individuals who engaged in SIB. Individuals who engaged in a single form of SIB were more likely to have injuries (P < .05). Individuals with SIB maintained by automatic reinforcement had significantly more severe injuries to the head than those in the social group (q < .05, P = .0132, H = 12.54). CONCLUSION Although results are preliminary, the results provide evidence that the function of SIB may influence the severity and location of injuries produced.
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Affiliation(s)
- G W Rooker
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Behavioral Psychology, The Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - N L Hausman
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Behavioral Psychology, The Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - A B Fisher
- Department of Behavioral Psychology, The Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - M K Gregory
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Behavioral Psychology, The Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - J L Lawell
- Department of Behavioral Psychology, The Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - L P Hagopian
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Behavioral Psychology, The Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Hernández V, Fernand JK, Vollmer TR, Slocum SK. Retrospective analysis of changes in response topographies of escape-maintained aggressive behavior during functional analyses. J Appl Behav Anal 2018; 51:521-527. [PMID: 29756205 DOI: 10.1002/jaba.464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
We observed changes in the rates of response topographies during the demand condition of functional analyses for participants who demonstrated problem behavior maintained by escape. Over the course of the functional analysis for each participant, the number of topographies decreased from the first to the last session. Additionally, after the first session of the demand condition the rate of responding for one topography increased or remained at high levels while the rates of all other topographies decreased. The implications of these results when conducting functional analysis are discussed.
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Critchfield TS, Reed DD. The Fuzzy Concept of Applied Behavior Analysis Research. THE BEHAVIOR ANALYST 2017; 40:123-159. [PMID: 31976938 PMCID: PMC6701210 DOI: 10.1007/s40614-017-0093-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
A seven-dimension framework, introduced by Baer, Wolf, and Risley in an iconic 1968 article, has become the de facto gold standard for identifying "good" work in applied behavior analysis. We examine the framework's historical context and show how its overarching attention to social relevance first arose and then subsequently fueled the growth of applied behavior analysis. Ironically, however, in contemporary use, the framework serves as a bottleneck that prevents many socially important problems from receiving adequate attention in applied behavior analysis research. The core problem lies in viewing the framework as a conjoint set in which "good" research must reflect all seven dimensions at equally high levels of integrity. We advocate a bigger-tent version of applied behavior analysis research in which, to use Baer and colleagues' own words, "The label applied is determined not by the procedures used but by the interest society shows in the problem being studied." Because the Baer-Wolf-Risley article expressly endorses the conjoint-set perspective and devalues work that falls outside the seven-dimension framework, pitching the big tent may require moving beyond that article as a primary frame of reference for defining what ABA should be.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Derek D. Reed
- Department of Applied Behavioral Science, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review summarises the recent trends in research in the field of self-injurious behaviour in people with intellectual disability and autism spectrum disorder. RECENT FINDINGS New data on incidence, persistence and severity add to studies of prevalence to indicate the large scale of the clinical need. A number of person characteristics have been repeatedly identified in prevalence and cohort studies that: can be considered as risk markers (e.g. stereotyped behaviour, autism spectrum disorder) and indicate possible causal mechanisms (e.g. sleep disorder, anxiety). Studies have started to integrate traditional operant learning paradigms with known person characteristics and reviews and meta-analyses of applied behaviour analytic procedures can now inform practice. SUMMARY Despite these positive developments interventions and appropriate support falls far short of the required need. Expansions in applied research are warranted to develop and evaluate innovative service delivery models that can translate knowledge of risk markers and operant learning paradigms into widespread, low cost routine clinical practice. Alongside this, further pure research is needed to elucidate the direction of causality of implicated risk factors, in order to understand and intervene more effectively in self-injury.
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Fisher WW, Greer BD, Romani PW, Zangrillo AN, Owen TM. Comparisons of synthesized and individual reinforcement contingencies during functional analysis. J Appl Behav Anal 2016; 49:596-616. [PMID: 27174563 PMCID: PMC5023458 DOI: 10.1002/jaba.314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Researchers typically modify individual functional analysis (FA) conditions after results are inconclusive (Hanley, Iwata, & McCord, 2003). Hanley, Jin, Vanselow, and Hanratty (2014) introduced a marked departure from this practice, using an interview-informed synthesized contingency analysis (IISCA). In the test condition, they delivered multiple contingencies simultaneously (e.g., attention and escape) after each occurrence of problem behavior; in the control condition, they delivered those same reinforcers noncontingently and continuously. In the current investigation, we compared the results of the IISCA with a more traditional FA in which we evaluated each putative reinforcer individually. Four of 5 participants displayed destructive behavior that was sensitive to the individual contingencies evaluated in the traditional FA. By contrast, none of the participants showed a response pattern consistent with the assumption of the IISCA. We discuss the implications of these findings on the development of accurate and efficient functional analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wayne W Fisher
- University of Nebraska Medical Center's Munroe-Meyer Institute
| | - Brian D Greer
- University of Nebraska Medical Center's Munroe-Meyer Institute
| | | | | | - Todd M Owen
- University of Nebraska Medical Center's Munroe-Meyer Institute
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